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id="toc-Private_property-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_property" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_property"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Common property </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_property-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intellectual_property" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intellectual_property"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.3 Intellectual property </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intellectual_property-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contractual_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contractual_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Contractual society </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contractual_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_and_order_and_the_use_of_violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_order_and_the_use_of_violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Law and order and the use of violence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_and_order_and_the_use_of_violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Influences </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Influences-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Influences subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anarchism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anarchism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Anarchism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anarchism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classical_liberalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_liberalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Classical liberalism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_liberalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Individualist_anarchism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individualist_anarchism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Individualist anarchism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individualist_anarchism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_precedents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_precedents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Historical precedents </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historical_precedents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Historical precedents subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_precedents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Free_cities_of_medieval_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_cities_of_medieval_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Free cities of medieval Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_cities_of_medieval_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_Iceland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_Iceland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Medieval Iceland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_Iceland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Old_West" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Old_West"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 American Old West </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Old_West-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaelic_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaelic_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Gaelic Ireland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaelic_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_merchant,_admiralty_law,_and_early_common_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_merchant,_admiralty_law,_and_early_common_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Law merchant, admiralty law, and early common law </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_merchant,_admiralty_law,_and_early_common_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Somalia_from_1991_to_2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Somalia_from_1991_to_2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Somalia from 1991 to 2012 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Somalia_from_1991_to_2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis_and_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis_and_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Analysis and criticism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Analysis_and_criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Analysis and criticism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Analysis_and_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State,_justice_and_defense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State,_justice_and_defense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 State, justice and defense </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State,_justice_and_defense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rights_and_freedom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rights_and_freedom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Rights and freedom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rights_and_freedom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economics_and_property" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics_and_property"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Economics and property </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics_and_property-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propertarianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propertarianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Propertarianism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propertarianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Anarcho-capitalism</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" > 50 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لاسلطوية رأسمالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لاسلطوية رأسمالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcocapitalismu" title="Anarcocapitalismu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Anarcocapitalismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarxo-kapitalizm" title="Anarxo-kapitalizm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Anarxo-kapitalizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Анарха-капіталізм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Анарха-капіталізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Анархокапитализъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Анархокапитализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcocapitalisme" title="Anarcocapitalisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anarcocapitalisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchokapitalismus" title="Anarchokapitalismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anarchokapitalismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarkokapitalisme" title="Anarkokapitalisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Anarkokapitalisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchokapitalismus" title="Anarchokapitalismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anarchokapitalismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarhokapitalism" title="Anarhokapitalism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Anarhokapitalism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αναρχοκαπιταλισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αναρχοκαπιταλισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcocapitalismo" title="Anarcocapitalismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anarcocapitalismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarki-kapitalismo" title="Anarki-kapitalismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Anarki-kapitalismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarkokapitalismo" title="Anarkokapitalismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Anarkokapitalismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="آنارکو-کاپیتالیسم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنارکو-کاپیتالیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarko-kapitalisma" title="Anarko-kapitalisma – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Anarko-kapitalisma" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcho-capitalisme" title="Anarcho-capitalisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anarcho-capitalisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4%EC%BD%94%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="아나르코자본주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아나르코자본주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AD%D5%B8-%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Անարխո-կապիտալիզմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անարխո-կապիտալիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarhokapitalizam" title="Anarhokapitalizam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Anarhokapitalizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarkio-kapitalismo" title="Anarkio-kapitalismo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Anarkio-kapitalismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarko-kapitalisme" title="Anarko-kapitalisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Anarko-kapitalisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcocapitalismo" title="Anarcocapitalismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anarcocapitalismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%95-%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="אנרכו-קפיטליזם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנרכו-קפיטליזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ანარქო-კაპიტალიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანარქო-კაპიტალიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarhokapit%C4%81lisms" title="Anarhokapitālisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Anarhokapitālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchokapitalizmas" title="Anarchokapitalizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anarchokapitalizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarco-capitalism" title="Anarco-capitalism – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Anarco-capitalism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchokapitalizmus" title="Anarchokapitalizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anarchokapitalizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Анархокапитализам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Анархокапитализам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ანარქო-კაპიტალიზმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ანარქო-კაპიტალიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchokapitalisme" title="Anarchokapitalisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anarchokapitalisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="無政府資本主義 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="無政府資本主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarkokapitalisme" title="Anarkokapitalisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Anarkokapitalisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarkokapitalisme" title="Anarkokapitalisme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Anarkokapitalisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%AB%DA%89%D9%88%DA%89%DB%8D_%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8D_%DA%AB%DA%89_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="د ګډوډۍ او پانګوالۍ ګډ اصالت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ګډوډۍ او پانګوالۍ ګډ اصالت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchokapitalizm" title="Anarchokapitalizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Anarchokapitalizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcocapitalismo" title="Anarcocapitalismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anarcocapitalismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarho-capitalism" title="Anarho-capitalism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anarho-capitalism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Анархо-капитализм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Анархо-капитализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Anarcho-capitalism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchokapitalizmus" title="Anarchokapitalizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Anarchokapitalizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarhokapitalizam" title="Anarhokapitalizam – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Anarhokapitalizam" 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href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அரசழிவு முதலாளித்துவம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அரசழிவு முதலாளித்துவம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarko-kapitalizm" title="Anarko-kapitalizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anarko-kapitalizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Анархо-капіталізм – Ukrainian" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anarcho-capitalism" title="Category:Anarcho-capitalism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom: 0; font-size: 200%; font-weight: normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anarcho-capitalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding: 0.4em 0 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism#Anarcho-capitalism_and_other_anarchist_schools" title="Anarcho-capitalism"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg/100px-Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg/150px-Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg/200px-Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Origins</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_school_of_economics" title="Austrian school of economics">Austrian school of economics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marginalism" title="Marginalism">Marginalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">School of Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_theory_of_value" title="Subjective theory of value">Subjective theory of value</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Liberal_School" class="mw-redirect" title="French Liberal School">French Liberal School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">Homestead principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_theory_of_property" title="Labor theory of property">Labor theory of property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiocracy" title="Physiocracy">Physiocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Individualist anarchism in the United States">Individualist anarchism</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">Civil rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_governance" title="Corporate governance">Corporate governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-economics" title="Counter-economics">Counter-economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departurism" title="Departurism">Departurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">Deregulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evictionism" title="Evictionism">Evictionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-market_roads" title="Free-market roads">Free-market roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_contract" title="Freedom of contract">Freedom of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_individualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurisdictional_arbitrage" title="Jurisdictional arbitrage">Jurisdictional arbitrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">Land tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">Non-aggression principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycentric_law" title="Polycentric law">Polycentric law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_defense_agency" title="Private defense agency">Private defense</a> (<a href="/wiki/Private_army" title="Private army">Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Private_military_company" title="Private military company">Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_private_military_contractors" title="List of private military contractors">list</a>), <a href="/wiki/Private_intelligence_agency" title="Private intelligence agency">Intelligence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Private_investigator" title="Private investigator">Investigator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Private_police" title="Private police">Police</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_private_security_companies" title="List of private security companies">Security</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propertarianism" title="Propertarianism">Propertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights_(economics)" title="Property rights (economics)">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Right to property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title-transfer_theory_of_contract" title="Title-transfer theory of contract">Title-transfer theory of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntaryism" title="Voluntaryism">Voluntaryism</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_L._Benson" title="Bruce L. Benson">Bruce L. Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Block" title="Walter Block">Walter Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Caplan" title="Bryan Caplan">Bryan Caplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Casey_(philosopher)" title="Gerard Casey (philosopher)">Gerard Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_de_Jasay" title="Anthony de Jasay">Anthony de Jasay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">David D. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hans-Hermann Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Huemer" title="Michael Huemer">Michael Huemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Kinsella" title="Stephan Kinsella">Stephan Kinsella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Land" title="Nick Land">Nick Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Malice" title="Michael Malice">Michael Malice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Javier Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Murphy" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert P. Murphy">Robert P. Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_McElroy" title="Wendy McElroy">Wendy McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Lew Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Salerno" title="Joseph T. Salerno">Joseph Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Tucker" title="Jeffrey Tucker">Jeffrey Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Woods" title="Tom Woods">Tom Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin" title="Curtis Yarvin">Curtis Yarvin</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Works</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Market_for_Liberty" title="The Market for Liberty">The Market for Liberty</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Liberty" title="For a New Liberty">For a New Liberty</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Machinery_of_Freedom" title="The Machinery of Freedom">The Machinery of Freedom</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defending_the_Undefendable" title="Defending the Undefendable">Defending the Undefendable</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Liberty" title="The Ethics of Liberty">The Ethics of Liberty</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Serve_and_Protect_(book)" title="To Serve and Protect (book)">To Serve and Protect</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy:_The_God_That_Failed" title="Democracy: The God That Failed">Democracy: The God That Failed</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Rational_Voter" title="The Myth of the Rational Voter">The Myth of the Rational Voter</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Voluntary_City" title="The Voluntary City">The Voluntary City</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Problem_of_Political_Authority" title="The Problem of Political Authority">The Problem of Political Authority</a> (2012)</li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_abortion" title="Libertarian perspectives on abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_anarcho-capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and anarcho-capitalism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_capital_punishment" title="Libertarian perspectives on capital punishment">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_anarcho-capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of anarcho-capitalism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_foreign_intervention" title="Libertarian perspectives on foreign intervention">Foreign affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_immigration" title="Libertarian perspectives on immigration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_tax_in_the_United_States#Debate" title="Estate tax in the United States">Inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property" title="Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debates_within_libertarianism" title="Debates within libertarianism">Internal debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_LGBT_rights" title="Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism_and_minarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism">Minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism_and_libertarianism" title="Objectivism and libertarianism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libertarian_political_parties" title="List of libertarian political parties">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_political_alliances" title="Libertarian perspectives on political alliances">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_theories_of_law" title="Libertarian theories of law">Theories of law</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Agorism">Agorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-libertarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleo-libertarianism">Paleo-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Libertarianism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Capitalismlogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/16px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/24px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/32px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="912" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Capitalism" title="Portal:Capitalism">Capitalism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anarcho-capitalism_sidebar" title="Template:Anarcho-capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anarcho-capitalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Anarcho-capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anarcho-capitalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anarcho-capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Capitalism" title="Category:Capitalism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austerity" title="Austerity">Austerity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_cycle" title="Business cycle">Business cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Businessperson" title="Businessperson">Businessperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_(economics)" title="Capital (economics)">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_accumulation" title="Capital accumulation">Capital accumulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_market" title="Capital market">Capital markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company" title="Company">Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation">Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_(economics)" title="Competition (economics)">Competitive markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_surplus" title="Economic surplus">Economic surplus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictitious_capital" title="Fictitious capital">Fictitious capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">Financial market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_price_system" title="Free price system">Free price system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goods_and_services" title="Goods and services">Goods and services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investor" title="Investor">Investor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_hand" title="Invisible hand">Invisible hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_hand_(economics)" title="Visible hand (economics)">Visible hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalization" title="Liberalization">Liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginalism" title="Marginalism">Marginalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money" title="Money">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profit_(economics)" title="Profit (economics)">Profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent_seeking" class="mw-redirect" title="Rent seeking">Rent seeking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply_and_demand" title="Supply and demand">Supply and demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surplus_value" title="Surplus value">Surplus value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_(economics)" title="Value (economics)">Value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_labour" title="Wage labour">Wage labour</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Economic systems</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon capitalism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_capitalism" title="Corporate capitalism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market#General_principles" title="Free market">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_capitalism" title="Humanistic capitalism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Laissez-faire capitalism">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal capitalism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian capitalism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Market capitalism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed capitalism">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_monopoly_capitalism" title="State monopoly capitalism">Monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="National capitalism">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic capitalism">Nordic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw capitalism">Raw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulated_market" title="Regulated market">Regulated market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_capitalism" title="Regulatory capitalism">Regulatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine capitalism">Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-sponsored_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="State-sponsored capitalism">State-sponsored</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_capitalism" title="Welfare capitalism">Welfare</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Economic theories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_School_(economics)" title="American School (economics)">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartalism" title="Chartalism">Chartalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Monetary_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Monetary Theory">MMT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_economics" title="Classical economics">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Keynesian_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Keynesian economics">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Keynesian_economics" title="New Keynesian economics">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Keynesian_economics" title="Post-Keynesian economics">Post-</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_monetarism" title="Market monetarism">Market monetarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxian_economics" title="Marxian economics">Marxist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_institutional_economics" title="New institutional economics">New institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Origins</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism_and_Islam" title="Capitalism and Islam">Capitalism and Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Revolution">Commercial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_accumulation_of_capital" title="Primitive accumulation of capital">Primitive accumulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiocracy" title="Physiocracy">Physiocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_commodity_production" title="Simple commodity production">Simple commodity production</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Development</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_capitalism" title="Advanced capitalism">Advanced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_capitalism" title="Consumer capitalism">Consumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_capitalism" title="Community capitalism">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_capitalism" title="Corporate capitalism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crony_capitalism" title="Crony capitalism">Crony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_capitalism" title="Finance capitalism">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Global capitalism">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">Illiberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_capitalism" title="Late capitalism">Late</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_mode_of_production_(Marxist_theory)" title="Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)">Marxist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_capitalism" title="Merchant capitalism">Merchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_capitalism" title="Progressive capitalism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rentier_capitalism" title="Rentier capitalism">Rentier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_monopoly_capitalism" title="State monopoly capitalism">State monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocapitalism" title="Technocapitalism">Technological</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Malthus" title="Thomas Robert Malthus">Malthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Say" title="Jean-Baptiste Say">Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Walras" title="Léon Walras">Walras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Marshall" title="Alfred Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen">Veblen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">von Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Schumpeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver" title="Richard M. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Coase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Edward_Griffin" title="G. Edward Griffin">Griffin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_propaganda" title="Capitalist propaganda">Capitalist propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_realism" title="Capitalist realism">Capitalist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_state" title="Capitalist state">Capitalist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_theory" title="Crisis theory">Crisis theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronyism" title="Cronyism">Cronyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_capitalism" title="Culture of capitalism">Culture of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evergreening" title="Evergreening">Evergreening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_of_labour" title="Exploitation of labour">Exploitation of labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_capitalism" title="History of capitalism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_capitalist_theory" title="History of capitalist theory">History of theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">Market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodizations_of_capitalism" title="Periodizations of capitalism">Periodizations of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perspectives_on_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Perspectives on capitalism">Perspectives on capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">Post-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">Speculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_philanthropy" title="Venture philanthropy">Venture philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anarcho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-capitalism" title="Eco-capitalism">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_capitalism" title="Humanistic capitalism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_capitalism" title="Inclusive capitalism">Inclusive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal capitalism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian capitalism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Capitalism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordoliberalism" title="Ordoliberalism">Ordoliberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatism" title="Privatism">Privatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Capitalismlogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/16px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/24px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/32px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="912" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Capitalism" title="Portal:Capitalism">Capitalism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/16px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/24px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/32px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Business" title="Portal:Business">Business portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitalism_sidebar" title="Template:Capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #FED105; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Libertarianism in the United States">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#F5DD00; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:black; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Libertarianism in the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg/120px-American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg/180px-American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg/240px-American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="292" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #FED105; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Agorism">Agorism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anarcho-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_liberalism#Bleeding-Heart_Libertarians" title="Neoclassical liberalism">Bleeding-heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_libertarianism" title="Christian libertarianism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consequentialist_libertarianism" title="Consequentialist libertarianism">Consequentialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geolibertarianism" title="Geolibertarianism">Geo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_libertarianism" title="Green libertarianism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-watchman_state" title="Night-watchman state">Minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural-rights_libertarianism" title="Natural-rights libertarianism">Natural-rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-libertarianism" title="Neo-libertarianism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panarchy_(political_philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panarchy (political philosophy)">Panarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_paternalism" title="Libertarian paternalism">Paternalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propertarianism" title="Propertarianism">Propertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technolibertarianism" title="Technolibertarianism">Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanist_politics#Libertarian_transhumanism" title="Transhumanist politics">Transhumanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntaryism" title="Voluntaryism">Voluntaryism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #FED105; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_libertarianism" title="Civil libertarianism">Civil libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-economics" title="Counter-economics">Counter-economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departurism" title="Departurism">Departurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evictionism" title="Evictionism">Evictionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_banking" title="Free banking">Free banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-market_environmentalism" title="Free-market environmentalism">Free-market environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_migration" title="Free migration">Free migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">Free will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association" title="Freedom of association">Freedom of association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_contract" title="Freedom of contract">Freedom of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">Homestead principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Individuality">Individuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_privatization" title="Marriage privatization">Marriage privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural rights and legal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">Non-aggression principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">Non-interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-politics">Non-politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-voting">Non-voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_border" title="Open border">Open border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycentric_law" title="Polycentric law">Polycentric law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_defense_agency" title="Private defense agency">Private defense agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_choice_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Public choice theory">Public choice theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restorative_justice" title="Restorative justice">Restorative justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_bear_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to bear arms">Right to bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_privacy" title="Right to privacy">Right to privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugged_Individualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugged Individualism">Rugged Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_tax" title="Single tax">Single tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Small government">Small government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateless_society" title="Stateless society">Stateless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">Tax resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title-transfer_theory_of_contract" title="Title-transfer theory of contract">Title-transfer theory of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_society" title="Voluntary society">Voluntary society</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #FED105; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalism" title="Anti-Federalism">Anti-Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Individualist anarchism in the United States">Individualist anarchism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom School">Freedom School</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #FED105; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Economics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #FED105; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Barnett" title="Randy Barnett">Barnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Block" title="Walter Block">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Boudreaux" title="Donald J. Boudreaux">Boudreaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Brennan" title="Jason Brennan">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Caplan" title="Bryan Caplan">Caplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Carson" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevin Carson">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Chartier" title="Gary Chartier">Chartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chodorov" title="Frank Chodorov">Chodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ebeling" title="Richard Ebeling">Ebeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Epstein" title="Richard Epstein">Epstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">D. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">M. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patri_Friedman" title="Patri Friedman">P. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Friedman" title="Rose Friedman">R. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Joseph_Galambos" title="Andrew Joseph Galambos">Galambos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garet_Garrett" title="Garet Garrett">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Edward_Griffin" title="G. Edward Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gordon_(philosopher)" title="David Gordon (philosopher)">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._A._Harper" title="F. A. Harper">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hazlitt" title="Henry Hazlitt">Hazlitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Heinlein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hess" title="Karl Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hospers" title="John Hospers">Hospers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Huemer" title="Michael Huemer">Huemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Kinsella" title="Stephan Kinsella">Kinsella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Edward_Konkin_III" title="Samuel Edward Konkin III">Konkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Wilder_Lane" title="Rose Wilder Lane">R. Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_LeFevre" title="Robert LeFevre">LeFevre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibor_Machan" title="Tibor Machan">Machan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">Mencken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Menger" title="Karl Menger">Menger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Jay_Nock" title="Albert Jay Nock">Nock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Paterson" title="Isabel Paterson">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Read" title="Leonard Read">Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Robertson" title="John A. Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Samuels" title="L. K. Samuels">Samuels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Neil_Schulman" title="J. Neil Schulman">Schulman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Matthew_Sciabarra" title="Chris Matthew Sciabarra">Sciabarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Scott" title="James C. Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Skousen" title="Mark Skousen">Skousen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Smith" title="George H. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Somin" title="Ilya Somin">Somin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_C._Sutton" title="Antony C. Sutton">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Szasz" title="Thomas Szasz">Szasz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Thiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Tuccille" title="Jerome Tuccille">Tuccille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Volokh" title="Eugene Volokh">Volokh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Ingalls_Wilder" title="Laura Ingalls Wilder">Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_E._Williams" title="Walter E. Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_N._Wilson" title="Clyde N. Wilson">Wilson</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #FED105; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Chamberlain_(journalist)" title="John Chamberlain (journalist)">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Gillespie" title="Nick Gillespie">Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Gutfeld" title="Greg Gutfeld">Gutfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Kauffman" title="Jeremy Kauffman">Kauffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_McElroy" title="Wendy McElroy">McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Postrel" title="Virginia Postrel">Postrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pugsley" title="John Pugsley">Pugsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Rogan" title="Joe Rogan">Rogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Smith_(comedian)" title="Dave Smith (comedian)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Soave" title="Robby Soave">Soave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stossel" title="John Stossel">Stossel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Welch" title="Matt Welch">Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Will" title="George Will">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Woods" title="Tom Woods">Woods</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #FED105; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Amash" title="Justin Amash">Amash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Barr" title="Bob Barr">Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Burt" title="Marshall Burt">Burt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee" title="Lincoln Chafee">Chafee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Harding" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren Harding">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jorgensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lee" title="Mike Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Massie" title="Thomas Massie">Massie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McAfee" title="John McAfee">McAfee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nolan_(politician)" title="David Nolan (politician)">Nolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Oliver" title="Chase Oliver">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul (Rand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul (Ron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Polis" title="Jared Polis">Polis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Sanford" title="Mark Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Sarwark" title="Nicholas Sarwark">Sarwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Sununu" title="Chris Sununu">Sununu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Ventura" title="Jesse Ventura">Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Weld" title="Bill Weld">Weld</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #FED105; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_abortion" title="Libertarian perspectives on abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_capital_punishment" title="Libertarian perspectives on capital punishment">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_libertarianism" title="Criticism of libertarianism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_foreign_intervention" title="Libertarian perspectives on foreign intervention">Foreign affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_immigration" title="Libertarian perspectives on immigration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property" title="Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debates_within_libertarianism" title="Debates within libertarianism">Internal debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_LGBT_rights" title="Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism_and_libertarianism" title="Objectivism and libertarianism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libertarian_political_parties" title="List of libertarian political parties">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_political_alliances" title="Libertarian perspectives on political alliances">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism_and_minarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_theories_of_law" title="Libertarian theories of law">Theories of law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #FED105; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Come_and_take_it" title="Come and take it">Come and take it</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsden_flag" title="Gadsden flag">Gadsden flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Garrison" title="Ben Garrison">Ben Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">Libertarian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Swanson" title="Ron Swanson">Ron Swanson</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #FED105; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Society" title="Federalist Society">Federalist Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_State_Project" title="Free State Project">Free State Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Economic_Education" title="Foundation for Economic Education">Foundation for Economic Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Libertarian_Parties" title="International Alliance of Libertarian Parties">International Alliance of Libertarian Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_International_(organization)" title="Liberty International (organization)">Liberty International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reason_Foundation" title="Reason Foundation">Reason Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reason_(magazine)" title="Reason (magazine)">Reason (magazine)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Students for a Democratic Society">Students for a Democratic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_Liberty" title="Students for Liberty">Students for Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Liberty" title="Young Americans for Liberty">Young Americans for Liberty</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #FED105; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Anarchist_Cookbook" title="The Anarchist Cookbook">The Anarchist Cookbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy,_State,_and_Utopia" title="Anarchy, State, and Utopia">Anarchy, State, and Utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Betrayal_of_the_American_Right" title="The Betrayal of the American Right">The Betrayal of the American Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case_Against_Education" title="The Case Against Education">The Case Against Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Disobedience_(Thoreau)" title="Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)">Civil Disobedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceived_in_Liberty" title="Conceived in Liberty">Conceived in Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Edward_Griffin#The_Creature_from_Jekyll_Island" title="G. Edward Griffin">The Creature from Jekyll Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defending_the_Undefendable" title="Defending the Undefendable">Defending the Undefendable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Discovery_of_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="The Discovery of Freedom">The Discovery of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_the_Fed" title="End the Fed">End the Fed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Liberty" title="The Ethics of Liberty">The Ethics of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Liberty" title="For a New Liberty">For a New Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_to_Choose" title="Free to Choose">Free to Choose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Future_and_Its_Enemies" title="The Future and Its Enemies">The Future and Its Enemies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_God_of_the_Machine" title="The God of the Machine">The God of the Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Usually_Begins_with_Ayn_Rand" title="It Usually Begins with Ayn Rand">It Usually Begins with Ayn Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_(1881%E2%80%931908)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty (1881–1908)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Machinery_of_Freedom" title="The Machinery of Freedom">The Machinery of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man,_Economy_and_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Man, Economy and State">Man, Economy and State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_is_a_Harsh_Mistress" class="mw-redirect" title="The Moon is a Harsh Mistress">The Moon is a Harsh Mistress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mainspring_of_Human_Progress" title="The Mainspring of Human Progress">The Mainspring of Human Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Market_for_Liberty" title="The Market for Liberty">The Market for Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Rational_Voter" title="The Myth of the Rational Voter">The Myth of the Rational Voter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No,_They_Can%27t" title="No, They Can't">No, They Can't</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Treason" title="No Treason">No Treason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Libertarian_Manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="New Libertarian Manifesto">New Libertarian Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Enemy,_the_State" title="Our Enemy, the State">Our Enemy, the State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Problem_of_Political_Authority" title="The Problem of Political Authority">The Problem of Political Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty" title="Progress and Poverty">Progress and Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protection_or_Free_Trade" title="Protection or Free Trade">Protection or Free Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radicals_for_Capitalism" title="Radicals for Capitalism">Radicals for Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeing_Like_a_State" title="Seeing Like a State">Seeing Like a State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Serve_and_Protect_(book)" title="To Serve and Protect (book)">To Serve and Protect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unconstitutionality_of_Slavery" title="The Unconstitutionality of Slavery">The Unconstitutionality of Slavery</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #FED105; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_militia_movement" title="American militia movement">American militia movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogaloo_movement" title="Boogaloo movement">Boogaloo movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">Conservatism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler_Cowen" title="Tyler Cowen">Cowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">Dark Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kane_(wrestler)" title="Kane (wrestler)">Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_Jillette" title="Penn Jillette">Jillette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Koch" title="Charles Koch">Koch (Charles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Koch" title="David Koch">Koch (David)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">Liberalism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Democrat" title="Libertarian Democrat">Libertarian Democrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Republican" title="Libertarian Republican">Libertarian Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarianism in Hong Kong">Libertarianism in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_South_Africa" title="Libertarianism in South Africa">Libertarianism in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Libertarianism in the United Kingdom">Libertarianism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right" title="New Right">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Democracy_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="On Democracy in America">On Democracy in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_libertarianism" title="Outline of libertarianism">Outline of libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Prince" title="Erik Prince">Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Napolitano" title="Andrew Napolitano">Napolitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_citizen_movement" title="Sovereign citizen movement">Sovereign citizen movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassim_Nicholas_Taleb" title="Nassim Nicholas Taleb">Taleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teller_(magician)" title="Teller (magician)">Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Anton_Wilson" title="Robert Anton Wilson">Wilson</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #F5DD00; border-bottom:1px solid #F5DD00"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/15px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Philosophers</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiphon_(orator)" title="Antiphon (orator)">Antiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristippus" title="Aristippus">Aristippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes" title="Diogenes">Diogenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hess" title="Karl Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipparchia_of_Maroneia" title="Hipparchia of Maroneia">Hipparchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Gim%C3%A9nez_Igualada" title="Miguel Giménez Igualada">Igualada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Ingersoll" title="Robert G. 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egoist_anarchism" title="Egoist anarchism">Egoist anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_market_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing market anarchism">Left-wing market anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social anarchism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anarcho-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egoism" title="Egoism">Egoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_egoism" title="Ethical egoism">Ethical egoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_egoism" title="Rational egoism">Rational egoism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedonism" title="Hedonism">Hedonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">Individualist feminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equity_feminism" title="Equity feminism">Equity feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_feminism" title="Liberal feminism">Liberal feminism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Minarchism">Minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjectivism" title="Subjectivism">Subjectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntaryism" title="Voluntaryism">Voluntaryism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Principal concerns</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-individualism" title="Anti-individualism">Anti-individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization#Collectivism_and_individualism" title="Social organization">Collectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conformity" title="Conformity">Conformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogmatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogmatism">Dogmatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Group rights">Group rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herd_mentality" title="Herd mentality">Herd mentality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoctrination" title="Indoctrination">Indoctrination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_society" title="Mass society">Mass society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobbing" title="Mobbing">Mobbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_engineering_(political_science)" title="Social engineering (political science)">Social engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyranny" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyranny">Tyranny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyranny_of_the_majority" title="Tyranny of the majority">Tyranny of the majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Individualism_sidebar" title="Template:Individualism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Individualism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Individualism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Individualism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Individualism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A two-colored flag, split diagonally, with yellow at the top and black at the bottom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg/261px-Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="261" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg/392px-Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg/522px-Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The black and gold flag, a symbol of anarchism (black) and capitalism (gold) which according to Murray Rothbard was first flown in 1963 in <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a> and is also used by the Swedish AnarkoKapitalistisk Front[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</figcaption></figure>Anarcho-capitalism (colloquially: ancap or an-cap) is a <a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">political philosophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic theory">economic theory</a> which posits that all government institutions are unnecessary or harmful and can be abolished or replaced with private ones.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Anarcho-capitalists hold that society tends to contractually self-regulate and civilize through the <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_exchange" title="Voluntary exchange">voluntary exchange</a> of goods and services. This would ideally result in a <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_society" title="Voluntary society">voluntary society</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stringham51-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-marshallpitzer-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-6">[6]</a> based on concepts such as the <a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">non-aggression principle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free markets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">self-ownership</a>. In such a society, <a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">private property</a> rights would be enforced by private agencies. In the absence of <a href="/wiki/Statute" title="Statute">statute</a>, private defence agencies and/or <a href="/wiki/Insurance_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurance companies">insurance companies</a> would operate competitively in a market and fulfill the roles of courts and the police. According to its proponents, various historical theorists have espoused philosophies similar to anarcho-capitalism.<a href="#cite_note-Hoppe_2001-7">[7]</a> While the earliest extant attestation of "anarchocapitalism" [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>] is in <a href="/wiki/Karl_Hess" title="Karl Hess">Karl Hess</a>'s essay "The Death of Politics" published by <a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a> in March 1969,<a href="#cite_note-HessDoP-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Johnson2015-9">[9]</a> American economist <a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray Rothbard</a> was credited with coining the terms anarcho-capitalist<a href="#cite_note-Leeson-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Crocetta-11">[11]</a> and anarcho-capitalism in 1971.<a href="#cite_note-Flood2010-12">[12]</a> A leading figure in the 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">American libertarian</a> movement,<a href="#cite_note-:8-6">[6]</a> Rothbard synthesized elements from the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical liberalism</a> and 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Individualist anarchism in the United States">American individualist anarchists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">mutualists</a> <a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Lysander Spooner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Benjamin Tucker</a>, while rejecting the <a href="/wiki/Labor_theory_of_value" title="Labor theory of value">labor theory of value</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Miller_1987-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bottomore_1991-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Outhwaite_2003-15">[15]</a> Rothbard's anarcho-capitalist society would operate under a mutually agreed-upon "legal code which would be generally accepted, and which the courts would pledge themselves to follow".<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-16">[16]</a> This <a href="/wiki/Code_of_law" title="Code of law">legal code</a> would recognize contracts between individuals, private property, self-ownership and <a href="/wiki/Tort_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Tort law">tort law</a> in keeping with the non-aggression principle.<a href="#cite_note-:8-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-miseslawproperty-17">[17]</a> Unlike a state, enforcement measures would only apply to those who initiated force or fraud.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Rothbard views the power of the state as unjustified, arguing that it violates <a href="/wiki/Individual_and_group_rights" title="Individual and group rights">individual rights</a>, reduces prosperity, and creates social and economic problems.<a href="#cite_note-:8-6">[6]</a> Anarcho-capitalists and right-libertarians cite several historical precedents of what they believe to be examples of quasi-anarcho-capitalism,<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cospaia" title="Republic of Cospaia">Republic of Cospaia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:9-25">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="History of Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon England</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:3-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Iceland" title="History of Iceland">Medieval Iceland</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:9-25">[25]</a> the <a href="/wiki/American_Old_West" class="mw-redirect" title="American Old West">American Old West</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:9-25">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:8-6">[6]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Law_merchant" class="mw-redirect" title="Law merchant">merchant law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_law" title="Admiralty law">admiralty law</a>, and early <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a>. Anarcho-capitalism is distinguished from <a href="/wiki/Minarchists" class="mw-redirect" title="Minarchists">minarchism</a>, which advocates a minimal governing body (typically a night-watchman state limited to protecting individuals from aggression and enforcing private property) and from <a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">objectivism</a> (which is a broader philosophy advocating a limited role, yet unlimited size, of said government).<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Anarcho-capitalists consider themselves to be anarchists whilst supporting private property and private institutions, as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Anarcho-communism</a>, which rejects these ideas.<a href="#cite_note-:3-26">[26]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-4"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_capitalism" title="Anarchism and capitalism">Anarchism and capitalism</a></div> Anarcho-capitalism developed from <a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian School</a>-<a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">individualist anarchism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tormey-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Perlin-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Raico-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heider-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Outhwaite-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bottomore-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ostergaard2-34">[34]</a> Most left wing anarchist movements do not consider anarcho-capitalism to be anarchist because it lacks the historically central <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-capitalist">anti-capitalist</a> emphasis of older ideas of anarchism. They also argue that anarchism is incompatible with capitalist structures.<a href="#cite_note-:10-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> According to several scholars, Anarcho-capitalism lies outside the tradition of the vast majority of anarchist schools of thought and is more closely affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">right-libertarianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:10-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marshall_1992-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jennings_1993-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Franks_2013-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Newman_2010-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pele_Riley_p=1743872120978202-45">[45]</a> Traditionally, left-anarchists oppose and reject capitalism, and consider anarcho-capitalism to be a <a href="/wiki/Contradictio_in_terminis" class="mw-redirect" title="Contradictio in terminis">contradiction in terms</a>,<a href="#cite_note-White_&_Williams_2014-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gay_&_Gay_1999,_p._15-48">[48]</a> although anarcho-capitalists and some right-libertarians consider anarcho-capitalism to be a form of anarchism, or even the only legitimate form of anarchism.<a href="#cite_note-:6-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-brooks2-52">[52]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>:<a href="#cite_note-:8-6">[6]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Anarcho-capitalism challenges other forms of anarchism by supporting private property and private institutions with significant economic power.</blockquote>Anarcho-capitalism is occasionally seen as part of the <a href="/wiki/New_Right" title="New Right">New Right</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophy">Philosophy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Philosophy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rothbard_%2770s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Murray Rothbard in the 1970s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rothbard_%2770s.jpg/220px-Rothbard_%2770s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rothbard_%2770s.jpg/330px-Rothbard_%2770s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rothbard_%2770s.jpg/440px-Rothbard_%2770s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray Rothbard</a> (1926–1995), who is credited with coining the words anarcho-capitalist<a href="#cite_note-Leeson-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Crocetta-11">[11]</a> and anarcho-capitalism.<a href="#cite_note-Flood2010-12">[12]</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Primary_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Primary_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section relies excessively on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary sources</a>. Please improve this section by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Anarcho-capitalism%22">"Anarcho-capitalism"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Anarcho-capitalism%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Anarcho-capitalism%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Anarcho-capitalism%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Anarcho-capitalism%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Anarcho-capitalism%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (July 2020) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Author J Michael Oliver says that during the 1960s, a philosophical movement arose in the US that championed "reason, ethical egoism, and free-market capitalism". According to Oliver, anarcho-capitalism is a political theory which logically follows the philosophical conclusions of <a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a>, a philosophical system developed by <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a>, but he acknowledges that his advocacy of anarcho-capitalism is "quite at odds with Rand's ardent defense of 'limited government'".<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Professor <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Duggan" title="Lisa Duggan">Lisa Duggan</a> also says that Rand's anti-statist, pro–free market stances went on to shape the politics of anarcho-capitalism.<a href="#cite_note-Dissent_Magazine_2019-56">[56]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Patrik_Schumacher" title="Patrik Schumacher">Patrik Schumacher</a>, the political ideology and programme of anarcho-capitalism envisages the radicalization of the <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a> "rollback of the state", and calls for the extension of "entrepreneurial freedom" and "competitive market rationality" to the point where the scope for private enterprise is all-encompassing and "leaves no space for state action whatsoever".<a href="#cite_note-pschu-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On_the_state">On the state</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: On the state">edit</a>]</div> Anarcho-capitalists oppose the state and seek to privatize any useful service the government presently provides, such as education, infrastructure, or the enforcement of law.<a href="#cite_note-pschu-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kinna_2012-58">[58]</a> They see <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a> as the basis for a free and prosperous society. <a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray Rothbard</a> stated that the difference between <a href="/wiki/Free-market_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-market capitalism">free-market capitalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">state capitalism</a> is the difference between "peaceful, voluntary exchange" and a "collusive partnership" between business and government that "uses coercion to subvert the free market".<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Rothbard argued that all government services, including defense, are inefficient because they lack a market-based <a href="/wiki/Pricing_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Pricing mechanism">pricing mechanism</a> regulated by "the voluntary decisions of consumers purchasing services that fulfill their highest-priority needs" and by investors seeking the most profitable enterprises to invest in.<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-P&M-60">[60]</a>: <span title="Page / location: 1051
Quotation: "It is all the more curious, incidentally, that while *laissez-faireists* should by the logic of their position, be ardent believers in a single, unified world government so that no one will live in a state of "anarchy" in relation to anyone else, they almost never are."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">1051  <table class="box" style="float:right; margin-right:15px; margin-left:15px; text-align:left; border:3px solid #aaa; padding:2px; font-size:80%; width:25%;"> <tbody><tr> <td> Rothbard used the term anarcho-capitalism to distinguish his philosophy from anarchism that opposes private property<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> as well as to distinguish it from individualist anarchism.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-62">[62]</a> Other terms sometimes used by proponents of the philosophy include: <ul><li>Individualist anarchism<a href="#cite_note-Avrich_1996-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li>Natural order<a href="#cite_note-Hoppe_2001-7">[7]</a></li> <li>Ordered anarchy<a href="#cite_note-Hoppe_2001-7">[7]</a></li> <li>Private-law society<a href="#cite_note-Hoppe_2001-7">[7]</a></li> <li>Private-property anarchy<a href="#cite_note-Hoppe_2001-7">[7]</a></li> <li>Radical capitalism<a href="#cite_note-Hoppe_2001-7">[7]</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> Maverick Edwards of the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_University" title="Liberty University">Liberty University</a> describes anarcho-capitalism as a political, social, and economic theory that places markets as the central "governing body" and where government no longer "grants" rights to its citizenry.<a href="#cite_note-Edwards_2021-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-aggression_principle">Non-aggression principle</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Non-aggression principle">edit</a>]</div> Writer Stanisław Wójtowicz says that although anarcho-capitalists are against centralized states, they believe that all people would naturally share and agree to a specific moral theory based on the <a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">non-aggression principle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-swnauka-66">[66]</a> While the <a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">Friedmanian</a> formulation of anarcho-capitalism is robust to the presence of violence and in fact, assumes some degree of violence will occur,<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> anarcho-capitalism as formulated by Rothbard and others holds strongly to the central <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarian</a> nonaggression <a href="/wiki/Axiom" title="Axiom">axiom</a>,<a href="#cite_note-swnauka-66">[66]</a> sometimes non-aggression principle. Rothbard wrote: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The basic axiom of libertarian political theory holds that every man is a self-owner, having absolute jurisdiction over his own body. In effect, this means that no one else may justly invade, or aggress against, another's person. It follows then that each person justly owns whatever previously unowned resources he appropriates or "mixes his labor with". From these twin axioms – <a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">self-ownership</a> and "homesteading" – stem the justification for the entire system of <a href="/wiki/Property_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Property rights">property rights</a> titles in a <a href="/wiki/Free-market" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-market">free-market</a> society. This system establishes the right of every man to his own person, the right of donation, of bequest (and, concomitantly, the right to receive the bequest or inheritance), and the right of contractual exchange of property titles.<a href="#cite_note-miseslawproperty-17">[17]</a></blockquote> Rothbard's defense of the self-ownership principle stems from what he believed to be his falsification of all other alternatives, namely that either a group of people can own another group of people, or that no single person has full ownership over one's self. Rothbard dismisses these two cases on the basis that they cannot result in a <a href="/wiki/Universal_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal ethic">universal ethic</a>, i.e. a just natural law that can govern all people, independent of place and time. The only alternative that remains to Rothbard is <a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">self-ownership</a> which he believes is both axiomatic and universal.<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-1982.2-68">[68]</a> In general, the non-aggression axiom is described by Rothbard as a prohibition against the initiation of force, or the threat of force, against persons (in which he includes direct violence, assault and murder) or property (in which he includes fraud, burglary, theft and taxation).<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-16">[16]</a>: 24–25  The initiation of force is usually referred to as <a href="/wiki/Aggression" title="Aggression">aggression</a> or <a href="/wiki/Coercion" title="Coercion">coercion</a>. The difference between anarcho-capitalists and other libertarians is largely one of the degree to which they take this axiom. <a href="/wiki/Minarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Minarchist">Minarchist</a> libertarians such as <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_political_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian political parties">libertarian political parties</a> would retain the state in some smaller and less invasive form, retaining at the very least public police, courts, and military. However, others might give further allowance for other government programs. In contrast, Rothbard rejects any level of "<a href="/wiki/State_intervention" class="mw-redirect" title="State intervention">state intervention</a>", defining the state as a <a href="/wiki/Coercive_monopoly" title="Coercive monopoly">coercive monopoly</a> and as the only entity in human society, excluding acknowledged criminals, that derives its income entirely from coercion, in the form of taxation, which Rothbard describes as "compulsory seizure of the property of the State's inhabitants, or subjects."<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-1982.2-68">[68]</a> Some anarcho-capitalists such as Rothbard accept the non-aggression axiom on an intrinsic moral or natural law basis. It is in terms of the <a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">non-aggression principle</a> that Rothbard defined his interpretation of anarchism, "a system which provides no legal sanction for such aggression ['against person and property']"; and wrote that "what anarchism proposes to do, then, is to abolish the State, i.e. to abolish the regularized institution of aggressive coercion".<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> In an interview published in the <a href="/wiki/American_libertarian" class="mw-redirect" title="American libertarian">American libertarian</a> journal The New Banner, Rothbard stated that "capitalism is the fullest expression of anarchism, and anarchism is the fullest expression of capitalism".<a href="#cite_note-:6-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Property">Property</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Property">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private_property">Private property</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Private property">edit</a>]</div> Anarcho-capitalists postulate the <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a> of everything, including cities with all their infrastructures, public spaces, streets and urban management systems.<a href="#cite_note-pschu-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Central to Rothbardian anarcho-capitalism are the concepts of <a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">self-ownership</a> and <a href="/wiki/Original_appropriation" title="Original appropriation">original appropriation</a> that combines <a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">personal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">private property</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hans-Hermann Hoppe</a> wrote: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Everyone is the proper owner of his own physical body as well as of all places and nature-given goods that he occupies and puts to use by means of his body, provided only that no one else has already occupied or used the same places and goods before him. This ownership of "originally appropriated" places and goods by a person implies his right to use and transform these places and goods in any way he sees fit, provided only that he does not change thereby uninvitedly the physical integrity of places and goods originally appropriated by another person. In particular, once a place or good has been first appropriated by, in <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>'s phrase, 'mixing one's labor' with it, ownership in such places and goods can be acquired only by means of a voluntary – contractual – transfer of its property title from a previous to a later owner.<a href="#cite_note-Hoppe-2002-71">[71]</a></blockquote> Rothbard however rejected the <a href="/wiki/Lockean_proviso" title="Lockean proviso">Lockean proviso</a>, and followed the rule of "first come, first served", without any consideration of how much resources are left for other individuals.<a href="#cite_note-tennessee-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Anarcho-capitalists advocate private ownership of the means of production and the allocation of the product of labor created by workers within the context of <a href="/wiki/Wage_labour" title="Wage labour">wage labour</a> and the free market – that is through decisions made by property and capital owners, regardless of what an individual needs or does not need.<a href="#cite_note-:12-74">[74]</a> Original appropriation allows an individual to claim any never-before-used resources, including land and by improving or otherwise using it, own it with the same "absolute right" as their own body, and retaining those rights forever, regardless of whether the resource is still being used by them. According to Rothbard, property can only come about through labor, therefore original appropriation of land is not legitimate by merely claiming it or building a fence around it – it is only by using land and by mixing one's labor with it that original appropriation is legitimized: "Any attempt to claim a new resource that someone does not use would have to be considered invasive of the property right of whoever the first user will turn out to be". Rothbard argued that the resource need not continue to be used in order for it to be the person's property as "for once his labor is mixed with the natural resource, it remains his owned land. His labor has been irretrievably mixed with the land, and the land is therefore his or his assigns' in perpetuity".<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-MES-75">[75]</a>: 170  Rothbard also spoke about a theory of justice in property rights: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">It is not enough to call simply for the defense of "the rights of private property"; there must be an adequate theory of justice in property rights, else any property that some State once decreed to be "private" must now be defended by libertarians, no matter how unjust the procedure or how mischievous its consequences.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-62">[62]</a></blockquote> In Justice and Property Rights, Rothbard wrote that "any identifiable owner (the original victim of theft or his heir) must be accorded his property".<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In the case of slavery, Rothbard claimed that in many cases "the old plantations and the heirs and descendants of the former slaves can be identified, and the reparations can become highly specific indeed". Rothbard believed slaves rightfully own any land they were forced to work on under the homestead principle. If property is held by the state, Rothbard advocated its confiscation and "return to the private sector",<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> writing that "any property in the hands of the State is in the hands of thieves, and should be liberated as quickly as possible".<a href="#cite_note-Gordon_2019-79">[79]</a> Rothbard proposed that <a href="/wiki/State_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="State universities">state universities</a> be seized by the students and faculty under the homestead principle. Rothbard also supported the expropriation of nominally "private property" if it is the result of state-initiated force such as businesses that receive grants and subsidies.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Rothbard further proposed that businesses who receive at least 50% of their funding from the state be confiscated by the workers,<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> writing: "What we libertarians object to, then, is not government per se but crime, what we object to is unjust or criminal property titles; what we are for is not 'private' property per se but just, innocent, non-criminal private property".<a href="#cite_note-Gordon_2019-79">[79]</a> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Hess" title="Karl Hess">Karl Hess</a> wrote that "libertarianism wants to advance principles of property but that it in no way wishes to defend, willy nilly, all property which now is called private ... Much of that property is stolen. Much is of dubious title. All of it is deeply intertwined with an immoral, coercive state system".<a href="#cite_note-Hess1969-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Common_property">Common property</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Common property">edit</a>]</div> As opposed to most other anarchists,<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> most anarcho-capitalists reject the <a href="/wiki/Commons" title="Commons">commons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Holcombe-85">[85]</a> However, some of them propose that non-state public or community property can also exist in an anarcho-capitalist society.<a href="#cite_note-Holcombe-85">[85]</a> For anarcho-capitalists, what is important is that it is "acquired" and transferred without help or hindrance from what they call the "compulsory state". <a href="/wiki/Natural-rights_libertarianism" title="Natural-rights libertarianism">Deontological anarcho-capitalists</a> believe that the only just and most economically beneficial way to acquire property is through voluntary trade, gift, or labor-based <a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle_(ethics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead principle (ethics)">original appropriation</a>, rather than through aggression or fraud.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Anarcho-capitalists state that there could be cases where <a href="/wiki/Common_property" class="mw-redirect" title="Common property">common property</a> may develop in a <a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights#John_Locke" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Lockean natural rights</a> framework. Anarcho-capitalists make the example of a number of private businesses which may arise in an area, each owning the land and buildings that they use, but they argue that the paths between them become cleared and trodden incrementally through customer and commercial movement. These thoroughfares may become valuable to the community, but according to them ownership cannot be attributed to any single person and <a href="/wiki/Original_appropriation" title="Original appropriation">original appropriation</a> does not apply because many contributed the labor necessary to create them. In order to prevent it from falling to the "<a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons" title="Tragedy of the commons">tragedy of the commons</a>", anarcho-capitalists suggest transitioning from common to private property, wherein an individual would make a homesteading claim based on disuse, acquire title by the assent of the community consensus, form a corporation with other involved parties, or other means.<a href="#cite_note-Holcombe-85">[85]</a> American economist <a href="/wiki/Randall_G._Holcombe" title="Randall G. Holcombe">Randall G. Holcombe</a> sees challenges stemming from the idea of common property under anarcho-capitalism, such as whether an individual might claim <a href="/wiki/Fishing_license" title="Fishing license">fishing rights</a> in the area of a major <a href="/wiki/Shipping_lane" class="mw-redirect" title="Shipping lane">shipping lane</a> and thereby forbid passage through it.<a href="#cite_note-Holcombe-85">[85]</a> In contrast, Hoppe's work on anarcho-capitalist theory is based on the assumption that all property is privately held, "including all streets, rivers, airports, and harbors" which forms the foundation of <a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe#Support_for_immigration_restrictions_and_critiques" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">his views on immigration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Holcombe-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intellectual_property">Intellectual property</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Intellectual property">edit</a>]</div> Most anarcho-capitalists strongly oppose <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a> (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademarks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyrights</a>). <a href="/wiki/Stephan_Kinsella" title="Stephan Kinsella">Stephan N. Kinsella</a> argues that ownership only relates to tangible assets.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contractual_society">Contractual society</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Contractual society">edit</a>]</div> The society envisioned by anarcho-capitalists has been labelled by them as a "contractual society" which Rothbard described as "a society based purely on voluntary action, entirely unhampered by violence or threats of violence"<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-MES-75">[75]</a>: 84  The system relies on contracts between individuals as the legal framework which would be enforced by private police and security forces as well as private arbitrations.<a href="#cite_note-kazmi-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Rothbard argues that <a href="/wiki/Limited_liability" title="Limited liability">limited liability</a> for corporations could also exist through contract, arguing that "[c]orporations are not at all monopolistic privileges; they are free associations of individuals pooling their capital. On the purely free market, those men would simply announce to their creditors that their liability is limited to the capital specifically invested in the corporation".<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-P&M-60">[60]</a> There are limits to the right to contract under some interpretations of anarcho-capitalism. Rothbard believes that the right to contract is based in <a href="/wiki/Inalienable_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Inalienable rights">inalienable rights</a><a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-1982.2-68">[68]</a> and because of this any contract that implicitly violates those rights can be voided at will, preventing a person from permanently selling himself or herself into unindentured <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>. That restriction aside, the right to contract under anarcho-capitalist order would be pretty broad. For example, Rothbard went as far as to justify stork markets, arguing that a market in guardianship rights would facilitate the transfer of guardianship from abusive or neglectful parents to those more interested or suited to raising children.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Other anarcho-capitalists have also suggested the legalization of organ markets, as in <a href="/wiki/Kidney_trade_in_Iran" title="Kidney trade in Iran">Iran's renal market</a>. Other interpretations conclude that banning such contracts would in itself be an unacceptably invasive interference in the right to contract.<a href="#cite_note-Nozick-1974-93">[93]</a> Included in the right of contract is "the right to contract oneself out for employment by others". While anarchists criticize wage labour describing it as <a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">wage slavery</a>, anarcho-capitalists view it as a consensual contract.<a href="#cite_note-radcap-94">[94]</a> Some anarcho-capitalists prefer to see self-employment prevail over wage labor. <a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">David D. Friedman</a> has expressed a preference for a society where "almost everyone is self-employed" and "instead of corporations there are large groups of entrepreneurs related by trade, not authority. Each sells not his time, but what his time produces".<a href="#cite_note-radcap-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_and_order_and_the_use_of_violence">Law and order and the use of violence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Law and order and the use of violence">edit</a>]</div> Different anarcho-capitalists propose different forms of anarcho-capitalism and one area of disagreement is in the area of law. In <a href="/wiki/The_Market_for_Liberty" title="The Market for Liberty">The Market for Liberty</a>, Morris and Linda Tannehill object to any <a href="/wiki/Statute" title="Statute">statutory</a> law whatsoever. They argue that all one has to do is ask if one is aggressing against another in order to decide if an act is right or wrong.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> However, while also supporting a <a href="/wiki/Natural-rights_libertarianism" title="Natural-rights libertarianism">natural prohibition</a> on force and fraud, Rothbard supports the establishment of a mutually agreed-upon centralized libertarian legal code which private courts would pledge to follow, as he presumes a high degree of convergence amongst individuals about what constitutes natural justice.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Unlike both the Tannehills and Rothbard who see an ideological commonality of ethics and morality as a requirement, David D. Friedman proposes that "the systems of law will be produced for profit on the open market, just as books and bras are produced today. There could be competition among different brands of law, just as there is competition among different brands of cars".<a href="#cite_note-koltwm-97">[97]</a> Friedman says whether this would lead to a libertarian society "remains to be proven". He says it is a possibility that very un-libertarian laws may result, such as laws against drugs, but he thinks this would be rare. He reasons that "if the value of a law to its supporters is less than its cost to its victims, that law ... will not survive in an anarcho-capitalist society".<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Anarcho-capitalists only accept the collective defense of <a href="/wiki/Individual_liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual liberty">individual liberty</a> (i.e. courts, military, or police forces) insofar as such groups are formed and paid for on an explicitly voluntary basis. However, their complaint is not just that the state's defensive services are funded by taxation, but that the state assumes it is <a href="/wiki/Monopoly_on_violence" title="Monopoly on violence">the only legitimate practitioner of physical force</a> – that is, they believe it forcibly prevents the private sector from providing comprehensive security, such as a police, judicial and prison systems to protect individuals from aggressors. Anarcho-capitalists believe that there is nothing morally superior about the state which would grant it, but not private individuals, a right to use physical force to restrain aggressors. If competition in security provision were allowed to exist, prices would also be lower and services would be better according to anarcho-capitalists. According to <a href="/wiki/Gustave_de_Molinari" title="Gustave de Molinari">Molinari</a>: "Under a regime of liberty, the natural organization of the security industry would not be different from that of other industries".<a href="#cite_note-Molinari-1849-99">[99]</a> Proponents believe that private systems of justice and defense already exist, naturally forming where the market is allowed to "compensate for the failure of the state", namely private arbitration, security guards, neighborhood watch groups and so on.<a href="#cite_note-Stringham_53-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stringham_52-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stringham_51-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-Friedman-1973-103">[103]</a> These private courts and police are sometimes referred to generically as <a href="/wiki/Private_defense_agency" title="Private defense agency">private defense agencies</a>. The defense of those unable to pay for such protection might be financed by charitable organizations relying on voluntary donation rather than by state institutions relying on taxation, or by cooperative self-help by groups of individuals.<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-16">[16]</a>: 223  Edward Stringham argues that private adjudication of disputes could enable the market to internalize externalities and provide services that customers desire.<a href="#cite_note-Stringham_2015-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stringham_60-105">[105]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Death_of_General_Warren_at_the_Battle_of_Bunker%27s_Hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/The_Death_of_General_Warren_at_the_Battle_of_Bunker%27s_Hill.jpg/220px-The_Death_of_General_Warren_at_the_Battle_of_Bunker%27s_Hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/The_Death_of_General_Warren_at_the_Battle_of_Bunker%27s_Hill.jpg/330px-The_Death_of_General_Warren_at_the_Battle_of_Bunker%27s_Hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/The_Death_of_General_Warren_at_the_Battle_of_Bunker%27s_Hill.jpg/440px-The_Death_of_General_Warren_at_the_Battle_of_Bunker%27s_Hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1070" /></a><figcaption>The death of General <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Warren" title="Joseph Warren">Joseph Warren</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill" title="Battle of Bunker Hill">Battle of Bunker Hill</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, a war which anarcho-capitalists such as Murray Rothbard admired and believed it was the only American war that could be justified<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></figcaption></figure> Rothbard stated that the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Secession_in_the_United_States" title="Secession in the United States">War of Southern Secession</a> were the only two just wars in American military history.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Some anarcho-capitalists such as Rothbard feel that violent revolution is counter-productive and prefer voluntary forms of economic secession to the extent possible.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Retributive_justice" title="Retributive justice">Retributive justice</a> is often a component of the contracts imagined for an anarcho-capitalist society. According to Matthew O'Keefee[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>], some anarcho-capitalists believe prisons or <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude" title="Indentured servitude">indentured servitude</a> would be justifiable institutions to deal with those who violate anarcho-capitalist property relations while others believe exile or forced <a href="/wiki/Restitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Restitution">restitution</a> are sufficient.<a href="#cite_note-OKeefe1989-109">[109]</a> Rothbard stressed the importance of restitution as the primary focus of a libertarian legal order<a href="#cite_note-tennessee-72">[72]</a> and advocated for corporal punishment for petty vandals and the death penalty for murders. American economist <a href="/wiki/Bruce_L._Benson" title="Bruce L. Benson">Bruce L. Benson</a> argues that legal codes may impose punitive damages for intentional torts in the interest of deterring crime. Benson gives the example of a thief who breaks into a house by picking a lock. Even if caught before taking anything, Benson argues that the thief would still owe the victim for violating the sanctity of his property rights. Benson opines that despite the lack of objectively measurable losses in such cases, "standardized rules that are generally perceived to be fair by members of the community would, in all likelihood, be established through precedent, allowing judgments to specify payments that are reasonably appropriate for most criminal offenses".<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Morris and Linda Tannehill raise a similar example, saying that a bank robber who had an attack of conscience and returned the money would still owe reparations for endangering the employees' and customers' lives and safety, in addition to the costs of the defense agency answering the teller's call for help. However, they believe that the robber's loss of reputation would be even more damaging. They suggest that specialized companies would list aggressors so that anyone wishing to do business with a man could first check his record, provided they trust the veracity of the companies' records. They further theorise that the bank robber would find insurance companies listing him as a very poor risk and other firms would be reluctant to enter into contracts with him.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influences">Influences</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Influences">edit</a>]</div> Murray Rothbard has listed different ideologies of which his interpretations, he said, have influenced anarcho-capitalism.<a href="#cite_note-Miller_1987-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bottomore_1991-14">[14]</a> This includes his interpretation of anarchism, and more precisely individualist anarchism; classical liberalism and the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian School</a> of economic thought. Scholars additionally associate anarcho-capitalism with <a href="/wiki/Neo-classical_liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-classical liberalism">neo-classical liberalism</a>, radical <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">right-libertarianism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall_1992-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Newman_2010-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Goodway_2006-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anarchism">Anarchism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Anarchism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_capitalism" title="Anarchism and capitalism">Anarchism and capitalism</a></div> In both its <a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">individualist</a> forms, <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchism</a> was usually considered an <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-capitalist">anti-capitalist</a><a href="#cite_note-Jun_2009-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-Williams_2018-114">[114]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_radicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political radicalism">radical</a> left-wing or far-left<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-brooks2-52">[52]</a> movement that promotes <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian socialist">libertarian socialist</a> economic theories such as <a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">collectivism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">communism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free-market_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-market anarchism">individualism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">mutualism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">syndicalism</a> before Rothbard challenged these ideas.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Because left-anarchism is usually described alongside <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Marxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Marxism">libertarian Marxism</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Libertarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian">libertarian</a> wing of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist movement">socialist movement</a> and as having a historical association with anti-capitalism and <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>, left-anarchists believe that <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a> is incompatible with <a href="/wiki/Social_egalitarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Social egalitarianism">social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_egalitarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic egalitarianism">economic equality</a> and therefore do not recognize anarcho-capitalism as an <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_school_of_thought" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist school of thought">anarchist school of thought</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall_1992-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Goodway_2006-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-Newman_2010-44">[44]</a> In particular, left-anarchists argue that capitalist transactions are not voluntary and that maintaining the class structure of a capitalist society requires coercion which is incompatible with an anarchist society.<a href="#cite_note-Tame,_Chris_R_1983._p._56-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-McKay_2008-119">[119]</a> The usage of libertarian is also in dispute.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> While both anarchists and anarcho-capitalists have used it, libertarian was synonymous with anarchist until the mid-20th century, when anarcho-capitalist theory developed.<a href="#cite_note-Goodway_2006-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Anarcho-capitalists are distinguished from the historically dominant left-anarchist tradition by their relation to <a href="/wiki/Property_rights_(economics)" title="Property rights (economics)">property</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capital_(economics)" title="Capital (economics)">capital</a>. While both anarchism and anarcho-capitalism share general antipathy towards government authority, anarcho-capitalism favors <a href="/wiki/Free-market_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-market capitalism">free-market capitalism</a>. Left-anarchists, including <a href="/wiki/Egoist_anarchism" title="Egoist anarchism">egoists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Max Stirner</a>, have supported the protection of an individual's freedom from powers of both government and private property owners.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> In contrast, while condemning governmental encroachment on personal liberties, anarcho-capitalists support freedoms based on private property rights. Anarcho-capitalist theorist <a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray Rothbard</a> argued that protesters should rent a street for protest from its owners. The abolition of public amenities is a common theme in some anarcho-capitalist writings.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Rothbard argued that anarcho-capitalism is the only true form of anarchism – the only form of anarchism that could possibly exist in reality as he maintained that any other form presupposes authoritarian enforcement of a political ideology such as "redistribution of private property", which he attributed to anarchism.<a href="#cite_note-:6-49">[49]</a> According to this argument, the capitalist <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a> is "the natural situation" that would result from people being free from state authority and entails the establishment of all voluntary associations in society such as cooperatives, non-profit organizations, businesses and so on. Moreover, anarcho-capitalists, as well as <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical liberal">classical liberal</a> <a href="/wiki/Minarchists" class="mw-redirect" title="Minarchists">minarchists</a>, argue that the application of anarchist ideals as advocated by left-anarchists would require an authoritarian body of some sort to impose it. Based on their understanding and interpretation of anarchism, in order to forcefully prevent people from accumulating capital, which is a goal of left-anarchists, there would necessarily be a redistributive organization of some sort which would have the authority to in essence exact a tax and re-allocate the resulting resources to a larger group of people. They conclude that this theoretical body would inherently have political power and would be nothing short of a state. The difference between such an arrangement and an anarcho-capitalist system is what anarcho-capitalists see as the voluntary nature of organization within anarcho-capitalism contrasted with a "centralized ideology" and a "paired enforcement mechanism" which they believe would be necessary under what they describe as a "coercively" egalitarian-anarchist system.<a href="#cite_note-Tame,_Chris_R_1983._p._56-118">[118]</a> Rothbard also argued that the non-laissez-faire capitalist system of today is not properly anarchistic because it often colludes with the state. According to Rothbard, "what Marx and later writers have done is to lump together two extremely different and even contradictory concepts and actions under the same portmanteau term. These two contradictory concepts are what I would call 'free-market capitalism' on the one hand, and 'state capitalism' on the other". "The difference between free-market capitalism and state capitalism", writes Rothbard, "is precisely the difference between, on the one hand, peaceful, voluntary exchange, and on the other, violent expropriation". He continues: "State capitalism inevitably creates all sorts of problems which become insoluble".<a href="#cite_note-:6-49">[49]</a> Left-anarchist argue that anarcho-capitalism is not anarchism for several reasons.<a href="#cite_note-Funnell_2007-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-Williams_2012-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-White_&_Williams_2014-46">[46]</a> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Meltzer" title="Albert Meltzer">Albert Meltzer</a> argued that anarcho-capitalism simply cannot be anarchism because, according to him, capitalism and the state are inextricably interlinked and because capitalism exhibits domineering hierarchical structures such as that between an employer and an employee.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Anna Morgenstern approaches this topic from the opposite perspective, claiming that anarcho-capitalists are not really capitalists because "mass concentration of capital is impossible" without the state.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Jennings" title="Jeremy Jennings">Jeremy Jennings</a>, "[i]t is hard not to conclude that these ideas," referring to anarcho-capitalism, have "roots deep in classical liberalism" and "are described as anarchist only on the basis of a misunderstanding of what anarchism is." For Jennings, "anarchism does not stand for the untrammelled freedom of the individual (as the 'anarcho-capitalists' appear to believe) but, as we have already seen, for the extension of individuality and community."<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Similarly, Barbara Goodwin, Emeritus Professor of Politics at the University of East Anglia, Norwich, argues that anarcho-capitalism's "true place is in the group of right-wing libertarians", not in anarchism, despite the fact that right-wing libertarianism itself is largely Rothbardian and based around a moderated form of Rothbard's ideas in the modern day as opposed to the other way around.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Some right-libertarian scholars like <a href="/wiki/Michael_Huemer" title="Michael Huemer">Michael Huemer</a>, who identify with the ideology, describe anarcho-capitalism as a "variety of anarchism".<a href="#cite_note-:4-50">[50]</a> British author <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Heywood" title="Andrew Heywood">Andrew Heywood</a> also believes that "individualist anarchism overlaps with libertarianism and is usually linked to a strong belief in the market as a self-regulating mechanism, most obviously manifest in the form of anarcho-capitalism".<a href="#cite_note-:5-51">[51]</a> Frank H. Brooks, author of The Individualist Anarchists: An Anthology of Liberty (1881–1908), believes that "anarchism has always included a significant strain of radical individualism, from the hyperrationalism of Godwin, to the egoism of Stirner, to the libertarians and anarcho-capitalists of today".<a href="#cite_note-brooks2-52">[52]</a> While both anarchism and anarcho-capitalism are in opposition to the state, it is a <a href="/wiki/Necessary_but_not_sufficient" class="mw-redirect" title="Necessary but not sufficient">necessary but not sufficient</a> condition because left-anarchists and anarcho-capitalists interpret state-rejection differently.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-prychytkodl-133">[133]</a> Austrian school economist <a href="/wiki/David_Prychitko" title="David Prychitko">David Prychitko</a>, in the context of anarcho-capitalism says that "while society without a state is necessary for full-fledged anarchy, it is nevertheless insufficient".<a href="#cite_note-prychytkodl-133">[133]</a> In the opinion of <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Kinna" title="Ruth Kinna">Ruth Kinna</a>, anarcho-capitalists are <a href="/wiki/Anti-statists" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-statists">anti-statists</a> who draw more on right-wing <a href="/wiki/Liberal_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal theory">liberal theory</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian School</a> than <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist traditions">anarchist traditions</a>. Kinna writes that "[i]n order to highlight the clear distinction between the two positions", anarchists describe anarcho-capitalists as "<a href="/wiki/Propertarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Propertarians">propertarians</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Kinna_2012-58">[58]</a> Anarcho-capitalism is usually seen as part of the <a href="/wiki/New_Right" title="New Right">New Right</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-54">[54]</a> Some anarcho-capitalists argue that, according to them, anarchists consider the word "anarchy" as to be the antithesis of hierarchy, and therefore, that "anarcho-capitalism" is sometimes considered to be a term with differences philosophically to what they personally consider to be true anarchism, as an anarcho-capitalist society would inherently contain hierarchy.<a href="#cite_note-marshallpitzer-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Additionally, Rothbard discusses the difference between "government" and "<a href="/wiki/Governance" title="Governance">governance</a>"<a href="#cite_note-MurrayRothbard-136">[136]</a> thus, proponents of anarcho-capitalism think the philosophy's common name is indeed consistent, as it promotes private governance, but is vehemently anti-government.<a href="#cite_note-Stringham_2015-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stringham_60-105">[105]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"I define <a href="/wiki/Anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist">anarchist</a> society as one where there is no legal possibility for coercive aggression against the person or property of any individual. Anarchists oppose the State because it has its very being in such aggression, namely, the expropriation of private property through taxation, the coercive exclusion of other providers of defense service from its territory, and all of the other depredations and coercions that are built upon these twin foci of invasions of individual rights." —<a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray Rothbard</a> in Society Without a State<a href="#cite_note-MurrayRothbard-136">[136]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_liberalism">Classical liberalism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Classical liberalism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></div> Historian and libertarian <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Raico" title="Ralph Raico">Ralph Raico</a> argued that what <a href="/wiki/Liberal_philosophers" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal philosophers">liberal philosophers</a> "had come up with was a form of individualist anarchism, or, as it would be called today, anarcho-capitalism or market anarchism".<a href="#cite_note-raico2004-137">[137]</a> He also said that <a href="/wiki/Gustave_de_Molinari" title="Gustave de Molinari">Gustave de Molinari</a> was proposing a doctrine of the private production of security, a position which was later taken up by Murray Rothbard.<a href="#cite_note-raico2004-137">[137]</a> Some anarcho-capitalists consider Molinari to be the first proponent of anarcho-capitalism.<a href="#cite_note-Mises-138">[138]</a> In the preface to the 1977 English translation by Murray Rothbard called The Production of Security the "first presentation anywhere in human history of what is now called anarcho-capitalism", although admitting that "Molinari did not use the terminology, and probably would have balked at the name".<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Hans-Hermann Hoppe said that "the 1849 article 'The Production of Security' is probably the single most important contribution to the modern theory of anarcho-capitalism". According to Hans-Hermann Hoppe, one of the 19th century precursors of anarcho-capitalism were philosopher <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Herbert Spencer</a>, classical liberal <a href="/wiki/Auberon_Herbert" title="Auberon Herbert">Auberon Herbert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">liberal socialist</a> <a href="/wiki/Franz_Oppenheimer" title="Franz Oppenheimer">Franz Oppenheimer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hoppe_2001-7">[7]</a> Paul Dragos Aligica writes that there is a "foundational difference between the classical liberal and the anarcho-capitalist positions". Classical liberalism, while accepting critical arguments against collectivism, acknowledges a certain level of public ownership and collective governance as necessary to provide practical solutions to political problems. In contrast anarcho-capitalism, according to Aligica, denies any requirement for any form of public administration, and allows no meaningful role for the public sphere, which is seen as sub-optimal and illegitimate.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individualist_anarchism">Individualist anarchism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Individualist anarchism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist anarchism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LysanderSpooner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/LysanderSpooner.jpg/170px-LysanderSpooner.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/LysanderSpooner.jpg/255px-LysanderSpooner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/LysanderSpooner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Lysander Spooner</a>, an American individualist anarchist and <a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">mutualist</a>, who is claimed to have influenced anarcho-capitalism</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray Rothbard</a>, a student of <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Ludwig von Mises</a>, stated that he was influenced by the work of the 19th-century <a href="/wiki/American_individualist_anarchists" class="mw-redirect" title="American individualist anarchists">American individualist anarchists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> In the winter of 1949, Rothbard decided to reject <a href="/wiki/Minimal_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimal state">minimal state</a> <a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">laissez-faire</a> and embrace his interpretation of individualist anarchism.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> In 1965, Rothbard wrote that "<a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Lysander Spooner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_R._Tucker" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin R. Tucker">Benjamin R. Tucker</a> were unsurpassed as political philosophers and nothing is more needed today than a revival and development of the largely forgotten legacy they left to political philosophy".<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard_2000-143">[143]</a> However, Rothbard thought that they had a faulty understanding of economics as the 19th-century individualist anarchists had a <a href="/wiki/Labor_theory_of_value" title="Labor theory of value">labor theory of value</a> as influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Classical_economists" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical economists">classical economists</a>, while Rothbard was a student of <a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian School</a> economics which does not agree with the labor theory of value.<a href="#cite_note-Miller_1987-13">[13]</a> Rothbard sought to meld 19th-century American individualist anarchists' advocacy of <a href="/wiki/Economic_individualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic individualism">economic individualism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free markets</a> with the principles of Austrian School economics, arguing that "[t]here is, in the body of thought known as 'Austrian economics', a scientific explanation of the workings of the free market (and of the consequences of government intervention in that market) which individualist anarchists could easily incorporate into their political and social Weltanschauung".<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Rothbard held that the economic consequences of the political system they advocate would not result in an economy with people being paid in proportion to labor amounts, nor would profit and interest disappear as they expected. Tucker thought that unregulated banking and money issuance would cause increases in the money supply so that interest rates would drop to zero or near to it.<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard_2000-143">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Marshall_(author,_born_1946)" title="Peter Marshall (author, born 1946)">Peter Marshall</a> states that "anarcho-capitalism overlooks the egalitarian implications of traditional individualist anarchists like Spooner and Tucker".<a href="#cite_note-Marshall_1992-41">[41]</a> Stephanie Silberstein states that "While Spooner was no free-market capitalist, nor an anarcho-capitalist, he was not as opposed to capitalism as most socialists were."<a href="#cite_note-:12-74">[74]</a> In "The Spooner-Tucker Doctrine: An Economist's View", Rothbard explained his disagreements. Rothbard disagreed with Tucker that it would cause the money supply to increase because he believed that the money supply in a free market would be self-regulating. If it were not, then Rothbard argued inflation would occur so it is not necessarily desirable to increase the money supply in the first place. Rothbard claimed that Tucker was wrong to think that interest would disappear regardless because he believed people, in general, do not wish to lend their money to others without compensation, so there is no reason why this would change just because banking was unregulated.<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard_2000-143">[143]</a> Tucker held a labor theory of value and thought that in a free market people would be paid in proportion to how much labor they exerted and that exploitation or usury was taking place if they were not. As Tucker explained in State Socialism and Anarchism, his theory was that unregulated banking would cause more money to be available and that this would allow the proliferation of new businesses which would, in turn, raise demand for labor.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> This led Tucker to believe that the labor theory of value would be vindicated and equal amounts of labor would receive equal pay. As an Austrian School economist, Rothbard did not agree with the labor theory and believed that prices of goods and services are proportional to <a href="/wiki/Marginal_utility" title="Marginal utility">marginal utility</a> rather than to labor amounts in the free market. As opposed to Tucker he did not think that there was anything exploitative about people receiving an income according to how much "buyers of their services value their labor" or what that labor produces.<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard_2000-143">[143]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BenjaminTucker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/BenjaminTucker.jpg/170px-BenjaminTucker.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/BenjaminTucker.jpg/255px-BenjaminTucker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/BenjaminTucker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Benjamin Tucker</a>, another individualist anarchist, who identified as a socialist and his individualist anarchism as <a href="/wiki/Anarchistic_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchistic socialism">anarchistic socialism</a> versus <a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">state socialism</a>, said to have influenced anarcho-capitalism</figcaption></figure> Without the labor theory of value,<a href="#cite_note-Avrich_1996-63">[63]</a> some argue that 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchists" class="mw-redirect" title="Individualist anarchists">individualist anarchists</a> approximate the modern movement of anarcho-capitalism,<a href="#cite_note-Miller_1987-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bottomore_1991-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Outhwaite_2003-15">[15]</a> although this has been contested<a href="#cite_note-Franks_2013-43">[43]</a> or rejected.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-Peacott_1985-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> As economic theory changed, the popularity of the labor theory of <a href="/wiki/Classical_economics" title="Classical economics">classical economics</a> was superseded by the <a href="/wiki/Subjective_theory_of_value" title="Subjective theory of value">subjective theory of value</a> of <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">neoclassical economics</a> and Rothbard combined Mises' Austrian School of economics with the absolutist views of human rights and rejection of the state he had absorbed from studying the individualist American anarchists of the 19th century such as Tucker and Spooner.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> In the mid-1950s, Rothbard wrote an unpublished article named "Are Libertarians 'Anarchists'?" under the pseudonym "Aubrey Herbert", concerned with differentiating himself from communist and socialistic economic views of anarchists, including the individualist anarchists of the 19th century, concluding that "we are not anarchists and that those who call us anarchists are not on firm etymological ground and are being completely unhistorical. On the other hand, it is clear that we are not archists either: we do not believe in establishing a tyrannical central authority that will coerce the noninvasive as well as the invasive. Perhaps, then, we could call ourselves by a new name: nonarchist."<a href="#cite_note-Are_Libertarians-150">[150]</a> Joe Peacott, an American individualist anarchist in the <a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">mutualist</a> tradition, criticizes anarcho-capitalists for trying to hegemonize the individualist anarchism label and make appear as if all individualist anarchists are in favor of <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Peacott_1985-147">[147]</a> Peacott states that "individualists, both past and present, agree with the communist anarchists that present-day capitalism is based on economic coercion, not on voluntary contract. Rent and interest are the mainstays of modern capitalism and are protected and enforced by the state. Without these two unjust institutions, capitalism could not exist".<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_precedents">Historical precedents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Historical precedents">edit</a>]</div> Several anarcho-capitalists and <a href="/wiki/Right-libertarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-libertarians">right-libertarians</a> have discussed historical precedents of what they believe were examples of anarcho-capitalism.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_cities_of_medieval_Europe">Free cities of medieval Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Free cities of medieval Europe">edit</a>]</div> Economist and libertarian scholar <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Caplan" title="Bryan Caplan">Bryan Caplan</a> considers the free cities of medieval Europe as examples of "anarchist" or "nearly anarchistic" societies,<a href="#cite_note-ANCAP_FAQ-19">[19]</a> further arguing: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">One case that has inspired both sorts of anarchists is that of the free cities of medieval Europe. The first weak link in the chain of feudalism, these free cities became Europe's centers of economic development, trade, art, and culture. They provided a haven for runaway serfs, who could often legally gain their freedom if they avoided re-capture for a year and a day. And they offer many examples of how people can form mutual-aid associations for protection, insurance, and community. Of course, left-anarchists and anarcho-capitalists take a somewhat different perspective on the free cities: the former emphasize the communitarian and egalitarian concerns of the free cities, while the latter point to the relatively unregulated nature of their markets and the wide range of services (often including defense, security, and legal services) which were provided privately or semi-privately.<a href="#cite_note-ANCAP_FAQ-19">[19]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_Iceland">Medieval Iceland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Medieval Iceland">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Law_speaker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Law_speaker.jpg/220px-Law_speaker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Law_speaker.jpg/330px-Law_speaker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Law_speaker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption> 19th-century interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/Althing" title="Althing">Althing</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Commonwealth" title="Icelandic Commonwealth">Icelandic Commonwealth</a> which authors such as David D. Friedman believe to have some features of anarcho-capitalist society</figcaption></figure> According to the libertarian theorist <a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">David D. Friedman</a>, "[m]edieval Icelandic institutions have several peculiar and interesting characteristics; they might almost have been invented by a mad economist to test the lengths to which market systems could supplant government in its most fundamental functions".<a href="#cite_note-Friedman-79-20">[20]</a> While not directly labeling it anarcho-capitalist, Friedman argues that the legal system of the <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Commonwealth" title="Icelandic Commonwealth">Icelandic Commonwealth</a> comes close to being a real-world anarcho-capitalist legal system.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Although noting that there was a single legal system, Friedman argues that enforcement of the law was entirely private and highly capitalist, providing some evidence of how such a society would function. Friedman further wrote that "[e]ven where the Icelandic legal system recognized an essentially 'public' offense, it dealt with it by giving some individual (in some cases chosen by lot from those affected) the right to pursue the case and collect the resulting fine, thus fitting it into an essentially private system".<a href="#cite_note-Friedman-79-20">[20]</a> Friedman and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_L._Benson" title="Bruce L. Benson">Bruce L. Benson</a> argued that the Icelandic Commonwealth saw significant economic and social progress in the absence of systems of criminal law, an executive, or bureaucracy. This commonwealth was led by chieftains, whose position could be bought and sold like that of private property. Being a member of the chieftainship was also completely voluntary.<a href="#cite_note-:8-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Old_West">American Old West</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: American Old West">edit</a>]</div> According to <a href="/wiki/Terry_L._Anderson" title="Terry L. Anderson">Terry L. Anderson</a> and P. J. Hill, the <a href="/wiki/Old_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Old West">Old West</a> in the United States in the period of 1830 to 1900 was similar to anarcho-capitalism in that "private agencies provided the necessary basis for an orderly society in which property was protected and conflicts were resolved" and that the common popular perception that the Old West was chaotic with little respect for property rights is incorrect.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Since <a href="/wiki/Squatter" class="mw-redirect" title="Squatter">squatters</a> had no claim to western lands under federal law, extra-legal organizations formed to fill the void. Benson explains: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The land clubs and claim associations each adopted their own written contract setting out the laws that provided the means for defining and protecting property rights in the land. They established procedures for registration of land claims, as well as for the protection of those claims against outsiders, and for adjudication of internal disputes that arose. The reciprocal arrangements for protection would be maintained only if a member complied with the association's rules and its court's rulings. Anyone who refused would be ostracized. A boycott by a land club meant that an individual had no protection against aggression other than what he could provide himself.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a></blockquote> According to Anderson, "[d]efining anarcho-capitalist to mean minimal government with property rights developed from the bottom up, the western frontier was anarcho-capitalistic. People on the frontier invented institutions that fit the resource constraints they faced".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gaelic_Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Gaelic Ireland">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ireland900.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ireland900.png/220px-Ireland900.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ireland900.png/330px-Ireland900.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ireland900.png/440px-Ireland900.png 2x" data-file-width="2060" data-file-height="2630" /></a><figcaption>Provinces of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> in 900</figcaption></figure> In his work <a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Liberty" title="For a New Liberty">For a New Liberty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray Rothbard</a> has claimed ancient <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a> as an example of nearly anarcho-capitalist society.<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-16">[16]</a> In his depiction, citing the work of Professor Joseph Peden,<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> the basic political unit of ancient Ireland was the tuath, which is portrayed as "a body of persons voluntarily united for socially beneficial purposes" with its territorial claim being limited to "the sum total of the landed properties of its members".<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-16">[16]</a> Civil disputes were settled by private arbiters called "brehons" and the compensation to be paid to the wronged party was insured through voluntary surety relationships. Commenting on the "kings" of tuaths,<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-16">[16]</a> Rothbard stated: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The king was elected by the tuath from within a royal kin group (the <a href="/wiki/Derbfine" title="Derbfine">derbfine</a>), which carried the hereditary priestly function. Politically, however, the king had strictly limited functions: he was the military leader of the tuath, and he presided over the tuath assemblies. But he could only conduct war or peace negotiations as an agent of the assemblies, and he was in no sense sovereign and had no rights of administering justice over tuath members. He could not legislate, and when he himself was party to a lawsuit, he had to submit his case to an independent judicial arbiter.<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-16">[16]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_merchant,_admiralty_law,_and_early_common_law">Law merchant, admiralty law, and early common law</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Law merchant, admiralty law, and early common law">edit</a>]</div> Some libertarians have cited <a href="/wiki/Law_merchant" class="mw-redirect" title="Law merchant">law merchant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_law" title="Admiralty law">admiralty law</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> as examples of anarcho-capitalism.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>]<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In his work Power and Market,<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-P&M-60">[60]</a> Rothbard stated: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The law merchant, admiralty law, and much of the common law began to be developed by privately competitive judges, who were sought out by litigants for their expertise in understanding the legal areas involved. The fairs of Champagne and the great marts of international trade in the Middle Ages enjoyed freely competitive courts, and people could patronize those that they deemed most accurate and efficient.<a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-P&M-60">[60]</a>: 1051 </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Somalia_from_1991_to_2012">Somalia from 1991 to 2012</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Somalia from 1991 to 2012">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Somalia_(1991%E2%80%932006)" title="History of Somalia (1991–2006)">History of Somalia (1991–2006)</a></div> Economist <a href="/wiki/Alex_Tabarrok" title="Alex Tabarrok">Alex Tabarrok</a> argued that Somalia in its stateless period provided a "unique test of the theory of anarchy", in some aspects near of that espoused by anarcho-capitalists <a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">David D. Friedman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray Rothbard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tabarroki-22">[22]</a> Nonetheless, both left-anarchists and anarcho-capitalists argue that Somalia was not an <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist society">anarchist society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-knight-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis_and_criticism">Analysis and criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Analysis and criticism">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State,_justice_and_defense">State, justice and defense</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: State, justice and defense">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Corporatocracy" title="Corporatocracy">Corporatocracy</a></div> Left-anarchists such as <a href="/wiki/Brian_Morris_(anthropologist)" title="Brian Morris (anthropologist)">Brian Morris</a> argue that anarcho-capitalism does not in fact get rid of the state. He says that anarcho-capitalists "simply replaced the state with private security firms, and can hardly be described as anarchists as the term is normally understood".<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> In "Libertarianism: Bogus Anarchy", anarchist Peter Sabatini notes: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Within Libertarianism, Rothbard represents a minority perspective that actually argues for the total elimination of the state. However, Rothbard's claim as an anarchist is quickly voided when it is shown that he only wants an end to the public state. In its place he allows countless private states, with each person supplying their own police force, army, and law, or else purchasing these services from capitalist vendors. ... Rothbard sees nothing at all wrong with the amassing of wealth, therefore those with more capital will inevitably have greater coercive force at their disposal, just as they do now.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></blockquote> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/The_Abolition_of_Work" title="The Abolition of Work">Bob Black</a> argues that an anarcho-capitalist wants to "abolish the state to his own satisfaction by calling it something else". He states that they do not denounce what the state does, they just "object to who's doing it".<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> Paul Birch argues that legal disputes involving several jurisdictions and different legal systems will be too complex and costly. He therefore argues that anarcho-capitalism is inherently unstable, and would evolve, entirely through the operation of free market forces, into either a single dominant private court with a <a href="/wiki/Natural_monopoly" title="Natural monopoly">natural monopoly</a> of justice over the territory (a de facto state), a society of multiple <a href="/wiki/City_states" class="mw-redirect" title="City states">city states</a>, each with a territorial monopoly, or a 'pure anarchy' that would rapidly descend into chaos.<a href="#cite_note-Libertarian_Alliance-165">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Randall_G._Holcombe" title="Randall G. Holcombe">Randall G. Holcombe</a> argues that anarcho-capitalism turns <a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">justice</a> into a commodity as private defense and court firms would favour those who pay more for their services.<a href="#cite_note-holcombe-166">[166]</a> He argues that defense agencies could form cartels and oppress people without fear of competition.<a href="#cite_note-holcombe-166">[166]</a> Philosopher <a href="/wiki/Albert_Meltzer" title="Albert Meltzer">Albert Meltzer</a> argued that since anarcho-capitalism promotes the idea of private armies, it actually supports a "limited State". He contends that it "is only possible to conceive of Anarchism which is free, communistic and offering no economic necessity for repression of countering it".<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Libertarian <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Robert Nozick</a> argues that a competitive legal system would evolve toward a monopoly government – even without violating individuals' rights in the process.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Anarchy,_State,_and_Utopia" title="Anarchy, State, and Utopia">Anarchy, State, and Utopia</a>, Nozick defends <a href="/wiki/Minarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Minarchism">minarchism</a> and argues that an anarcho-capitalist society would inevitably transform into a minarchist state through the eventual emergence of a monopolistic private defense and judicial agency that no longer faces competition. He argues that anarcho-capitalism results in an unstable system that would not endure in the real world. While anarcho-capitalists such as <a href="/wiki/Roy_Childs" title="Roy Childs">Roy Childs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray Rothbard</a> have rejected Nozick's arguments,<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> with Rothbard arguing that the process described by Nozick, with the dominant protection agency outlawing its competitors, in fact violates its own clients' rights,<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> John Jefferson actually advocates Nozick's argument and states that such events would best operate in <a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">laissez-faire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ellickson" title="Robert Ellickson">Robert Ellickson</a> presented a Hayekian case against anarcho-capitalism, calling it a "pipe-dream" and stating that anarcho-capitalists "by imagining a stable system of competing private associations, ignore both the inevitability of territorial monopolists in governance, and the importance of institutions to constrain those monopolists' abuses".<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Some libertarians argue that anarcho-capitalism would result in different standards of justice and law due to relying too much on the market. Friedman responded to this criticism by arguing that it assumes the state is controlled by a majority group that has similar legal ideals. If the populace is diverse, different legal standards would therefore be appropriate.<a href="#cite_note-:8-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rights_and_freedom">Rights and freedom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Rights and freedom">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Negative_and_positive_rights" title="Negative and positive rights">Negative and positive rights</a> are rights that oblige either action (positive rights) or inaction (negative rights). Anarcho-capitalists believe that negative rights should be recognized as legitimate, but positive rights should be rejected as an intrusion. Many left-anarchists argue that positive rights are just as important if not equal to negative rights. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economics_and_property">Economics and property</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Economics and property">edit</a>]</div> Social anarchists argue that anarcho-capitalism allows individuals to accumulate significant power through free markets and private property.<a href="#cite_note-:2-3">[3]</a> Friedman responded by arguing that the Icelandic Commonwealth was able to prevent the wealthy from abusing the poor by requiring individuals who engaged in acts of violence to compensate their victims financially.<a href="#cite_note-:8-6">[6]</a> Left-anarchists argue that certain capitalist transactions are not voluntary and that maintaining the class structure of a capitalist society requires coercion which violates anarchist principles.<a href="#cite_note-AFAQinfoshop-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Anthropologist <a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">David Graeber</a> noted his skepticism about anarcho-capitalism along the same lines, arguing: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">To be honest, I'm pretty skeptical about the idea of anarcho-capitalism. If a-caps imagine a world divided into property-holding employers and property-less wage laborers, but with no systematic coercive mechanisms[;] well, I just can't see how it would work. You always see a-caps saying "if I want to hire someone to pick my tomatoes, how are you going to stop me without using coercion?" Notice how you never see anyone say "if I want to hire myself out to pick someone else's tomatoes, how are you going to stop me?" Historically nobody ever did wage labor like that if they had pretty much [any] other option.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a></blockquote> Some critics argue that the anarcho-capitalist concept of voluntary choice ignores constraints due to both human and non-human factors such as the need for food and shelter as well as active restriction of both used and unused resources by those enforcing property claims.<a href="#cite_note-marketfailure-178">[178]</a> If a person requires employment in order to feed and house himself, the employer-employee relationship could be considered involuntary. Another criticism is that employment is involuntary because the economic system that makes it necessary for some individuals to serve others is supported by the enforcement of coercive private property relations.<a href="#cite_note-marketfailure-178">[178]</a> Some philosophies view any ownership claims on land and natural resources as immoral and illegitimate.<a href="#cite_note-wendymcelroy-179">[179]</a> Objectivist philosopher <a href="/wiki/Harry_Binswanger" title="Harry Binswanger">Harry Binswanger</a> criticizes anarcho-capitalism by arguing that "capitalism requires government", questioning who or what would enforce treaties and contracts.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> Some right-libertarian critics of anarcho-capitalism who support the full privatization of capital such as <a href="/wiki/Geolibertarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Geolibertarians">geolibertarians</a> argue that <a href="/wiki/Land_(economics)" title="Land (economics)">land</a> and the raw materials of nature remain a distinct <a href="/wiki/Factor_of_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Factor of production">factor of production</a> and cannot be justly converted to private property because they are not products of human labor. Some <a href="/wiki/Socialists" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialists">socialists</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Free-market_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-market anarchism">market anarchists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">mutualists</a>, adamantly oppose absentee ownership. Anarcho-capitalists have strong abandonment criteria, namely that one maintains ownership until one agrees to trade or gift it. Anti-state critics of this view posit comparatively weak abandonment criteria, arguing that one loses ownership when one stops personally occupying and using it as well as the idea of perpetually binding original appropriation is anathema to traditional schools of anarchism.<a href="#cite_note-Libertarian_Alliance-165">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propertarianism">Propertarianism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Propertarianism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Propertarianism" title="Propertarianism">Propertarianism</a></div> Critics charge that the Propertarianism perspective prevents freedom from making sense as an independent value in anarcho-capitalist theory:<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Looking at Rothbard’s definition of "liberty" quoted above, we can see that freedom is actually no longer considered to be a fundamental, independent concept. Instead, freedom is a derivative of something more fundamental, namely the "legitimate rights" of an individual, which are identified as property rights. In other words, given that "anarcho"-capitalists and right libertarians in general consider the right to property as "absolute," it follows that freedom and property become one and the same. This suggests an alternative name for the right Libertarian, namely "Propertarian." And, needless to say, if we do not accept the right-libertarians’ view of what constitutes "legitimate" "rights," then their claim to be defenders of liberty is weak.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Iain Mckay.(2008/2012)</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> The following is a partial list of notable nonfiction works discussing anarcho-capitalism. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_L._Benson" title="Bruce L. Benson">Bruce L. Benson</a>, The Enterprise of Law: Justice Without The State <ul><li>To Serve and Protect: Privatization and Community in Criminal Justice</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">David D. Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Machinery_of_Freedom" title="The Machinery of Freedom">The Machinery of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Stringham" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward P. Stringham">Edward P. Stringham</a>, Anarchy and the Law: The Political Economy of Choice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Smith" title="George H. Smith">George H. Smith</a>, "Justice Entrepreneurship in a Free Market"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Casey_(philosopher)" title="Gerard Casey (philosopher)">Gerard Casey</a>, Libertarian Anarchy: Against the State</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hans-Hermann Hoppe</a>, Anarcho-Capitalism: An Annotated Bibliography <ul><li>A Theory of Socialism and Capitalism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy:_The_God_That_Failed" title="Democracy: The God That Failed">Democracy: The God That Failed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Economics_and_Ethics_of_Private_Property" class="mw-redirect" title="The Economics and Ethics of Private Property">The Economics and Ethics of Private Property</a></li></ul></li> <li>Linda and Morris Tannehill, <a href="/wiki/The_Market_for_Liberty" title="The Market for Liberty">The Market for Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Huemer" title="Michael Huemer">Michael Huemer</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Problem_of_Political_Authority" title="The Problem of Political Authority">The Problem of Political Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray Rothbard</a>, founder of anarcho-capitalism: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Liberty" title="For a New Liberty">For a New Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man,_Economy,_and_State" title="Man, Economy, and State">Man, Economy, and State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_and_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Power and Market">Power and Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Liberty" title="The Ethics of Liberty">The Ethics of Liberty</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Agorism">Agorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consequentialist_libertarianism" title="Consequentialist libertarianism">Consequentialist libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-economics" title="Counter-economics">Counter-economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_disruption" title="Creative disruption">Creative disruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-anarchism">Crypto-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism" title="Definition of anarchism and libertarianism">Definition of anarchism and libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_market_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing market anarchism">Left-wing market anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-feudalism" title="Neo-feudalism">Neo-feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural-rights_libertarianism" title="Natural-rights libertarianism">Natural-rights libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization_in_criminal_justice" title="Privatization in criminal justice">Privatization in criminal justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntaryism" title="Voluntaryism">Voluntaryism</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard, Murray N.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/betrayal-american-right-0">The Betrayal of the American Right</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171030214712/https://mises.org/library/betrayal-american-right-0">Archived</a> 30 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (2007): 188 </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGelosoLeeson2020" class="citation journal cs1">Geloso, Vincent; Leeson, Peter T. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-d-economie-politique-2020-6-page-957.htm">"Are Anarcho-Capitalists Insane? Medieval Icelandic Conflict Institutions in Comparative Perspective"</a>. Revue d'économie politique. 130 (6): 957–974. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3917%2Fredp.306.0115">10.3917/redp.306.0115</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0373-2630">0373-2630</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235008718">235008718</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220805230848/https://www.cairn.info/revue-d-economie-politique-2020-6-page-957.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022. <q>Anarcho-capitalism is a variety of libertarianism according to which all government institutions can and should be replaced by private ones.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+d%27%C3%A9conomie+politique&rft.atitle=Are+Anarcho-Capitalists+Insane%3F+Medieval+Icelandic+Conflict+Institutions+in+Comparative+Perspective&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E957-%3C%2Fspan%3E974&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A235008718%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0373-2630&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3917%2Fredp.306.0115&rft.aulast=Geloso&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft.au=Leeson%2C+Peter+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairn.info%2Frevue-d-economie-politique-2020-6-page-957.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorriss2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Morriss, Andrew (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&pg=PT51">"Anarcho-Capitalism"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Hamowy" title="Ronald Hamowy">Hamowy, Ronald</a> (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, California: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publishing">Sage</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a>. pp. 13–14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781412965811.n8">10.4135/9781412965811.n8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-6580-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-6580-4"><bdi>978-1-4129-6580-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/750831024">750831024</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240207152725/https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&pg=PT51#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anarcho-Capitalism&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Libertarianism&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+California&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13-%3C%2Fspan%3E14&rft.pub=Sage%3B+Cato+Institute&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F750831024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781412965811.n8&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-6580-4&rft.aulast=Morriss&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyxNgXs3TkJYC%26pg%3DPT51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stringham51-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Stringham51_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStringham2007" class="citation book cs1">Stringham, Edward (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nft4e62nicsC&pg=PA51">Anarchy and the law: the political economy of choice</a>. Transaction Publishers. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-0579-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-0579-7"><bdi>978-1-4128-0579-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240207152713/https://books.google.com/books?id=nft4e62nicsC&pg=PA51#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 21 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchy+and+the+law%3A+the+political+economy+of+choice&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4128-0579-7&rft.aulast=Stringham&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dnft4e62nicsC%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-marshallpitzer-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marshallpitzer_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-marshallpitzer_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall" class="citation web cs1">Marshall, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/dward/newrightanarchocap.html">"Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism – The New Right and Anarcho-capitalism"</a>. dwardmac.pitzer.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419011544/http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/dward/newrightanarchocap.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dwardmac.pitzer.edu&rft.atitle=Demanding+the+Impossible%3A+A+History+of+Anarchism+%E2%80%93+The+New+Right+and+Anarcho-capitalism&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdwardmac.pitzer.edu%2Fdward%2Fnewrightanarchocap.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCosta2022" class="citation web cs1">Costa, Daniel (21 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/anarcho-capitalism">"Anarcho-capitalism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221025005604/https://www.britannica.com/topic/anarcho-capitalism">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Anarcho-capitalism&rft.date=2022-10-21&rft.aulast=Costa&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fanarcho-capitalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoppe_2001-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoppe_2001_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoppe_2001_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoppe_2001_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoppe_2001_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoppe_2001_7-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoppe_2001_7-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoppe_2001_7-6">g</a> <a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe, Hans-Hermann</a> (31 December 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/hoppe/hoppe5.html">"Anarcho-Capitalism: An Annotated Bibliography"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140111070712/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/hoppe/hoppe5.html">Archived</a> 11 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Lew Rockwell.com. Retrieved 5 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-HessDoP-8"><a href="#cite_ref-HessDoP_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHess2003" class="citation web cs1">Hess, Karl (2003) [March 1969]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fare.tunes.org/books/Hess/dop.html">"The Death of Politics"</a>. Faré's Home Page. Playboy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190802164945/http://fare.tunes.org/books/Hess/dop.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2023. <q>Laissez-faire capitalism, or anarchocapitalism [sic], is simply the economic form of the libertarian ethic. Laissez-faire capitalism encompasses the notion that men should exchange goods and services, without regulation, solely on the basis of value for value. It recognizes charity and communal enterprises as voluntary versions of this same ethic. Such a system would be straight barter, except for the widely felt need for a division of labor in which men, voluntarily, accept value tokens such as cash and credit. Economically, this system is anarchy, and proudly so.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Far%C3%A9%27s+Home+Page&rft.atitle=The+Death+of+Politics&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffare.tunes.org%2Fbooks%2FHess%2Fdop.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson2015-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson2015_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2015" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Charles (28 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://c4ss.org/content/39997">"Karl Hess on Anarcho-Capitalism"</a>. Center for a Stateless Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131548/https://c4ss.org/content/39997">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023. <q>In fact, the earliest documented, printed use of the word "anarcho-capitalism" that I can find [6] actually comes neither from Wollstein nor from Rothbard, but from Karl Hess's manifesto "The Death of Politics," which was published in Playboy in March, 1969. [boldface in original]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+a+Stateless+Society&rft.atitle=Karl+Hess+on+Anarcho-Capitalism&rft.date=2015-08-28&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fc4ss.org%2Fcontent%2F39997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leeson-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leeson_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leeson_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeson2017" class="citation book cs1">Leeson, Robert (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_pQ4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180">Hayek: A Collaborative Biography, Part IX: The Divine Right of the 'Free' Market</a>. Springer. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-60708-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-60708-5"><bdi>978-3-319-60708-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425065230/https://books.google.com/books?id=_pQ4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023. <q>To the original 'anarchocapitalist' (Rothbard coined the term) [...].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hayek%3A+A+Collaborative+Biography%2C+Part+IX%3A+The+Divine+Right+of+the+%27Free%27+Market&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-319-60708-5&rft.aulast=Leeson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_pQ4DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crocetta-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crocetta_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crocetta_11-1">b</a> Roberta Modugno Crocetta, "Murray Rothbard's anarcho-capitalism in the contemporary debate. A critical defense", <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig Von Mises Institute">Ludwig Von Mises Institute</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050511201301/https://mises.org/journals/scholar/roberta.pdf">Archived</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/journals/scholar/roberta.pdf">original</a>. quote: "Murray Rothbard suggests the anarcho-capitalist mode, [...]" </li> <li id="cite_note-Flood2010-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flood2010_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flood2010_12-1">b</a> Flood, Anthony (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anthonyflood.com/rothbardknowyourrights.htm">Untitled preface to Rothbard's "Know Your Rights"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811135031/http://anthonyflood.com/rothbardknowyourrights.htm">Archived</a> 11 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, originally published in WIN: Peace and Freedom through Nonviolent Action, Volume 7, No. 4, 1 March 1971, 6–10. Flood's quote: "Rothbard's neologism, 'anarchocapitalism,' probably makes its first appearance in print here." </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller_1987-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_1987_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_1987_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_1987_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_1987_13-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1987" class="citation book cs1">Miller, David; et al., eds. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackwellencyclo0000unse_w3j5">Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Political Thought</a>. Hoboken: <a href="/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Wiley-Blackwell</a>. p. 290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-17944-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-17944-3"><bdi>978-0-631-17944-3</bdi></a>. <q>A student and disciple of the Austrian economist Ludwig von Mises, Rothbard combined the laissez-faire economics of his teacher with the absolutist views of human rights and rejection of the state he had absorbed from studying the individualist American anarchists of the 19th century such as Lysander Spooner and Benjamin Tucker.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blackwell+Encyclopaedia+of+Political+Thought&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pages=290&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-631-17944-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblackwellencyclo0000unse_w3j5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bottomore_1991-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bottomore_1991_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bottomore_1991_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bottomore_1991_14-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBottomore1991" class="citation book cs1">Bottomore, Tom (1991). "Anarchism". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarymarxis00bott">A Dictionary of Marxist Thought</a>. Oxford: Blackwell Reference. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarymarxis00bott/page/n22">21</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-63118082-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-63118082-6"><bdi>0-63118082-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anarchism&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Marxist+Thought&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Blackwell+Reference&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-63118082-6&rft.aulast=Bottomore&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionarymarxis00bott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Outhwaite_2003-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Outhwaite_2003_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Outhwaite_2003_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOuthwaite2003" class="citation book cs1">Outhwaite, William (2003). "Anarchism". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackwelldiction0002edunse_m6t9">The Blackwell Dictionary of Modern Social Thought</a>. Hoboken: <a href="/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Wiley-Blackwell</a>. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-22164-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-22164-7"><bdi>978-0-631-22164-7</bdi></a>. <q>Their successors today, such as Murray Rothbard, having abandoned the labor theory of value, describe themselves as anarcho-capitalists.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anarchism&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Dictionary+of+Modern+Social+Thought&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-631-22164-7&rft.aulast=Outhwaite&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblackwelldiction0002edunse_m6t9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rothbard-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard_16-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard_16-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard_16-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard_16-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard_16-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard_16-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard_16-9">j</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard1978" class="citation book cs1">Rothbard, Murray (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/new-liberty-libertarian-manifesto">For a New Liberty</a>. Auburn: Mises Institute. p. 282. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61016-448-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61016-448-1"><bdi>978-1-61016-448-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028122904/http://mises.org/rothbard/newlibertywhole.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=For+a+New+Liberty&rft.place=Auburn&rft.pages=282&rft.pub=Mises+Institute&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-1-61016-448-1&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Flibrary%2Fnew-liberty-libertarian-manifesto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-miseslawproperty-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-miseslawproperty_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miseslawproperty_17-1">b</a> Rothbard, Murray (Spring 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/rothbard/lawproperty.pdf">"Law, Property Rights, and Air Pollution"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140921104222/http://www.mises.org/rothbard/lawproperty.pdf">Archived</a> 21 September 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Cato Journal. 2 (1): 55–99. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/journal-libertarian-studies/role-personal-justice-anarcho-capitalism">"Role of Personal Justice in Anarcho-capitalism, The | Mises Institute"</a>. mises.org. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mises.org&rft.atitle=Role+of+Personal+Justice+in+Anarcho-capitalism%2C+The+%7C+Mises+Institute&rft.date=2014-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fjournal-libertarian-studies%2Frole-personal-justice-anarcho-capitalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ANCAP_FAQ-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ANCAP_FAQ_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ANCAP_FAQ_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ANCAP_FAQ_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ANCAP_FAQ_19-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://econfaculty.gmu.edu/bcaplan/anarfaq.htm">"Anarchist Theory FAQ Version 5.2"</a>. George Mason University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190804000944/http://econfaculty.gmu.edu/bcaplan/anarfaq.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anarchist+Theory+FAQ+Version+5.2&rft.pub=George+Mason+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconfaculty.gmu.edu%2Fbcaplan%2Fanarfaq.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Friedman-79-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Friedman-79_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Friedman-79_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Friedman-79_20-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Friedman-79_20-3">d</a> Friedman, David D. (1979). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Academic/Iceland/Iceland.html">Private Creation and Enforcement of Law: A Historical Case</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418213059/http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Academic/Iceland/Iceland.html">Archived</a> 18 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Retrieved 12 August 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-Long-Vikings-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Long-Vikings_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Long-Vikings_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong2002" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_T._Long" class="mw-redirect" title="Roderick T. Long">Long, Roderick T.</a> (6 June 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lewrockwell.com/2002/06/roderick-t-long/the-vikings-were-libertarians">"Privatization, Viking Style: Model or Misfortune? (The Vikings Were Libertarians)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/LewRockwell.com" class="mw-redirect" title="LewRockwell.com">LewRockwell.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208172838/https://www.lewrockwell.com/2002/06/roderick-t-long/the-vikings-were-libertarians/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Privatization%2C+Viking+Style%3A+Model+or+Misfortune%3F+%28The+Vikings+Were+Libertarians%29&rft.pub=LewRockwell.com&rft.date=2002-06-06&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Roderick+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lewrockwell.com%2F2002%2F06%2Froderick-t-long%2Fthe-vikings-were-libertarians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tabarroki-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tabarroki_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tabarroki_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tabarroki_22-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTabarrok2004" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Tabarrok" title="Alex Tabarrok">Tabarrok, Alex</a> (21 April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2004/04/somalia_and_the.html">"Somalia and the theory of anarchy"</a>. Marginal Revolution. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211231183541/https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2004/04/somalia_and_the.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Marginal+Revolution&rft.atitle=Somalia+and+the+theory+of+anarchy&rft.date=2004-04-21&rft.aulast=Tabarrok&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marginalrevolution.com%2Fmarginalrevolution%2F2004%2F04%2Fsomalia_and_the.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-ANCAP_FAQ-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Friedman-79-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Long-Vikings-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-tabarroki-22">[22]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFarland2020" class="citation web cs1">McFarland, Ellie (11 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/power-market/republic-cospaia-anarchist-renaissance-city">"The Republic of Cospaia: An Anarchist Renaissance City"</a>. Mises Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220903034224/https://mises.org/power-market/republic-cospaia-anarchist-renaissance-city">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mises+Institute&rft.atitle=The+Republic+of+Cospaia%3A+An+Anarchist+Renaissance+City&rft.date=2020-04-11&rft.aulast=McFarland&rft.aufirst=Ellie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fpower-market%2Frepublic-cospaia-anarchist-renaissance-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_25-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2022" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Benjamin (9 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/wire/acadian-community-anarcho-capitalist-success-story">"The Acadian Community: An Anarcho-Capitalist Success Story"</a>. Mises Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205100027/https://mises.org/wire/acadian-community-anarcho-capitalist-success-story">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mises+Institute&rft.atitle=The+Acadian+Community%3A+An+Anarcho-Capitalist+Success+Story&rft.date=2022-08-09&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fwire%2Facadian-community-anarcho-capitalist-success-story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorriss2008" class="citation web cs1">Morriss, Andrew P. (15 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.libertarianism.org/topics/anarcho-capitalism">"Anarcho-Capitalism"</a>. Libertarianism.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200922211040/https://www.libertarianism.org/topics/anarcho-capitalism">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2022. <q>Although most anarchists oppose all large institutions, public or private, anarcho-capitalists oppose the state, but not private actors with significant market power.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Libertarianism.org&rft.atitle=Anarcho-Capitalism&rft.date=2008-08-15&rft.aulast=Morriss&rft.aufirst=Andrew+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.libertarianism.org%2Ftopics%2Fanarcho-capitalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongMachan2008" class="citation book cs1">Long, Roderick T.; Machan, Tibor R., eds. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PUev30VZ04kC">Anarchism/Minarchism: Is a Government Part of a Free Country?</a>. Ashgate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6066-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6066-8"><bdi>978-0-7546-6066-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchism%2FMinarchism%3A+Is+a+Government+Part+of+a+Free+Country%3F&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-6066-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPUev30VZ04kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tormey-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Tormey_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTormey2004" class="citation book cs1">Tormey, Simon (2004). Anti-capitalism: A Beginner's Guide. Oneworld. pp. 118–119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1851683420" title="Special:BookSources/978-1851683420"><bdi>978-1851683420</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anti-capitalism%3A+A+Beginner%27s+Guide&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E118-%3C%2Fspan%3E119&rft.pub=Oneworld&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1851683420&rft.aulast=Tormey&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perlin-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Perlin_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerlin1979" class="citation book cs1">Perlin, Terry M. (1979). Contemporary Anarchism. 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Ecole Polytechnique, Centre de Recherce en Epistemologie Appliquee, Unité associée au CNRS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Authentic+German+Liberalism+of+the+19th+Century&rft.pub=Ecole+Polytechnique%2C+Centre+de+Recherce+en+Epistemologie+Appliquee%2C+Unit%C3%A9+associ%C3%A9e+au+CNRS&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Raico&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heider-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Heider_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeider1994" class="citation book cs1">Heider, Ulrike (1994). Anarchism: Left, Right, and Green. City Lights. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchism%3A+Left%2C+Right%2C+and+Green&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=City+Lights&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Heider&rft.aufirst=Ulrike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Outhwaite-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Outhwaite_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOuthwaite2002" class="citation book cs1">Outhwaite, William (2002). "Anarchism". 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Dictionary of Marxist Thought.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anarchism&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Marxist+Thought&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Bottomore&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ostergaard2-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Ostergaard2_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstergaard" class="citation web cs1">Ostergaard, Geofrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725025426/http://www.ppu.org.uk/e_publications/dd-trad6.html">"Resisting the Nation State: The Pacifist and Anarchist Tradition"</a>. Peace Pledge Union Publications. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ppu.org.uk/e_publications/dd-trad6.html">the original</a> on 25 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peace+Pledge+Union+Publications&rft.atitle=Resisting+the+Nation+State%3A+The+Pacifist+and+Anarchist+Tradition&rft.aulast=Ostergaard&rft.aufirst=Geofrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ppu.org.uk%2Fe_publications%2Fdd-trad6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988">. Retrieved 20 June 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeltzer2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Meltzer" title="Albert Meltzer">Meltzer, Albert</a> (2000). <a href="//archive.org/details/anarchism00albe" class="extiw" title="iarchive:anarchism00albe">Anarchism: Arguments For and Against</a>. <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. p. 50. <q>The philosophy of "anarcho-capitalism" dreamed up by the "libertarian' <a href="/wiki/New_Right" title="New Right">New Right</a>, has nothing to do with Anarchism as known by the Anarchist movement proper.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchism%3A+Arguments+For+and+Against&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Meltzer&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2008" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, Peter (2008). <a href="/wiki/Demanding_the_Impossible:_A_History_of_Anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism">Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism</a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: Harper Perennial. p. 565. <q>In fact, few anarchists would accept the "anarcho-capitalists" into the anarchist camp since they do not share a concern for economic equality and social justice, Their self-interested, calculating market men would be incapable of practising voluntary co-operation and mutual aid. Anarcho-capitalists, even if they do reject the State, might therefore best be called <a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">right-wing libertarians</a> rather than anarchists</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demanding+the+Impossible%3A+A+History+of+Anarchism&rft.place=London&rft.pages=565&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Saul_Newman" title="Saul Newman">Newman, Saul</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SiqBiViUsOkC&q=anarcho-capitalism+right+libertarian&pg=PA43">The Politics of Postanarchism</a>. Edinburgh University Press. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0748634959" title="Special:BookSources/0748634959"><bdi>0748634959</bdi></a>. <q>It is important to distinguish between anarchism and certain strands of <a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">right-wing libertarianism</a> which at times go by the same name (for example, Murray Rothbard's anarcho-capitalism)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Postanarchism&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=0748634959&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Saul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSiqBiViUsOkC%26q%3Danarcho-capitalism%2Bright%2Blibertarian%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Section F – Is "anarcho"-capitalism a type of anarchism?". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190909065550/http://anarchism.pageabode.com/afaq/secFcon.html">An Anarchist FAQ</a>. Vol. I. <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1902593906" title="Special:BookSources/978-1902593906"><bdi>978-1902593906</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anarchism.pageabode.com/afaq/secFcon.html">the original</a> on 9 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Section+F+%E2%80%93+Is+%22anarcho%22-capitalism+a+type+of+anarchism%3F&rft.btitle=An+Anarchist+FAQ&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1902593906&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanarchism.pageabode.com%2Fafaq%2FsecFcon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodway2006" class="citation book cs1">Goodway, David (2006). <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Seeds_Beneath_the_Snow:_Left-Libertarian_Thought_and_British_Writers_from_William_Morris_to_Colin_Ward" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist Seeds Beneath the Snow: Left-Libertarian Thought and British Writers from William Morris to Colin Ward">Anarchist Seeds Beneath the Snow: Left-Libertarian Thought and British Writers from William Morris to Colin Ward</a>. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. p. 4. <q>"Libertarian" and "libertarianism" are frequently employed by anarchists as synonyms for "anarchist" and "anarchism", largely as an attempt to distance themselves from the negative connotations of "anarchy" and its derivatives. The situation has been vastly complicated in recent decades with the rise of anarcho-capitalism, "minimal statism" and an extreme right-wing laissez-faire philosophy advocated by such theorists as Murray Rothbard and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Robert Nozick</a> and their adoption of the words "libertarian" and "libertarianism". It has therefore now become necessary to distinguish between their <a href="/wiki/Right_libertarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Right libertarianism">right libertarianism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Left_libertarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Left libertarianism">left libertarianism</a> of the anarchist tradition</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchist+Seeds+Beneath+the+Snow%3A+Left-Libertarian+Thought+and+British+Writers+from+William+Morris+to+Colin+Ward&rft.place=Liverpool&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Goodway&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabatini1994–95" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-year-range-abbreviated">Sabatini, Peter (1994–95). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200107105115/http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/peter-sabatini-libertarianism-bogus-anarchy">"Libertarianism: Bogus Anarchy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anarchy:_A_Journal_of_Desire_Armed" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchy: A Journal of Desire Armed">Anarchy: A Journal of Desire Armed</a> (41). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/peter-sabatini-libertarianism-bogus-anarchy">the original</a> on 7 January 2020. <q>Within Libertarianism, Rothbard represents a minority perspective that actually argues for the total elimination of the state. However Rothbard's claim as an anarchist is quickly voided when it is shown that he only wants an end to the public state. In its place he allows countless private states, with each person supplying their own police force, army, and law, or else purchasing these services from capitalist venders...so what remains is shrill anti-statism conjoined to a vacuous freedom in hackneyed defense of capitalism. In sum, the "anarchy" of Libertarianism reduces to a liberal fraud</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anarchy%3A+A+Journal+of+Desire+Armed&rft.atitle=Libertarianism%3A+Bogus+Anarchy&rft.issue=41&rft.date=1994%2F1995&rft.aulast=Sabatini&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheanarchistlibrary.org%2Flibrary%2Fpeter-sabatini-libertarianism-bogus-anarchy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988">' </li> <li id="cite_note-Marshall_1992-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_1992_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_1992_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_1992_41-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_1992_41-3">d</a> Marshall, Peter (1992). <a href="//archive.org/details/Demanding_the_impossible_9781604862706" class="extiw" title="iarchive:Demanding the impossible 9781604862706">Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism</a>. London: HarperCollins. pp. 564–565. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-217855-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-217855-6">978-0-00-217855-6</a>. "Anarcho-capitalists are against the State simply because they are capitalists first and foremost. [...] They are not concerned with the social consequences of capitalism for the weak, powerless and ignorant. [...] As such, anarcho-capitalism overlooks the egalitarian implications of traditional individualist anarchists like Spooner and Tucker. In fact, few anarchists would accept the 'anarcho-capitalists' into the anarchist camp since they do not share a concern for economic equality and social justice. Their self-interested, calculating market men would be incapable of practising voluntary cooperation and mutual aid. Anarcho-capitalists, even if they do reject the state, might therefore best be called right-wing libertarians rather than anarchists." </li> <li id="cite_note-Jennings_1993-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Jennings_1993_42-0">^</a> Jennings, Jeremy (1993). "Anarchism". In Eatwell, Roger; Wright, Anthony (eds.). Contemporary Political Ideologies. London: Pinter. pp. 127–146. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86187-096-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86187-096-7">978-0-86187-096-7</a>. "[...] anarchism does not stand for the untrammelled freedom of the individual (as the 'anarcho-capitalists' appear to believe) but, as we have already seen, for the extension of individuality and community" (p. 143). </li> <li id="cite_note-Franks_2013-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Franks_2013_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Franks_2013_43-1">b</a> Franks, Benjamin (August 2013). Freeden, Michael; Stears, Marc (eds.). "Anarchism". The Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies. Oxford University Press: 385–404. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199585977.013.0001">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0001</a>. "Individualisms that defend or reinforce hierarchical forms such as the economic-power relations of anarcho-capitalism [...] are incompatible with practices of social anarchism. [...] Increasingly, academic analysis has followed activist currents in rejecting the view that anarcho-capitalism has anything to do with social anarchism" (pp. 393–394). </li> <li id="cite_note-Newman_2010-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newman_2010_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newman_2010_44-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newman_2010_44-2">c</a> Newman, Saul (2010). The Politics of Postanarchism. Edinburgh University Press. p. 43. "It is important to distinguish between anarchism and certain strands of right-wing libertarianism which at times go by the same name (for example, Rothbard's anarcho-capitalism)." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0748634959" title="Special:BookSources/0748634959">0748634959</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Pele_Riley_p=1743872120978202-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Pele_Riley_p=1743872120978202_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeleRiley2021" class="citation journal cs1">Pele, Antonio; Riley, Stephen (2 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/14115635">"For a Right to Health Beyond Biopolitics: The Politics of Pandemic and the 'Politics of Life'"</a>. Law, Culture and the Humanities. Sage Publications. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1743872120978201">10.1177/1743872120978201</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1743-8721">1743-8721</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234042976">234042976</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240208210754/https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/For_a_Right_to_Health_Beyond_Biopolitics_The_Politics_of_Pandemic_and_the_Politics_of_Life_/14115635">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2023. <q>In his Cours on The Birth of Biopolitics, Foucault has exclusively dedicated his lectures on (neo)liberalism (e.g. German ordoliberalism and the American 'anarcho-capitalism'), offering his apologies for not having examined thoroughly this idea of biopolitics.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Law%2C+Culture+and+the+Humanities&rft.atitle=For+a+Right+to+Health+Beyond+Biopolitics%3A+The+Politics+of+Pandemic+and+the+%27Politics+of+Life%27&rft.date=2021-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A234042976%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1743-8721&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1743872120978201&rft.aulast=Pele&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.au=Riley%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffigshare.com%2Farticles%2Fjournal_contribution%2F14115635&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-White_&_Williams_2014-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-White_&_Williams_2014_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_&_Williams_2014_46-1">b</a> White, Richard; Williams, Colin (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ephemerajournal.org/contribution/anarchist-economic-practices-%E2%80%98capitalist%E2%80%99-society-some-implications-organisation-and">"Anarchist Economic Practices in a 'Capitalist' Society: Some Implications for Organisation and the Future of Work"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115205823/http://www.ephemerajournal.org/contribution/anarchist-economic-practices-%E2%80%98capitalist%E2%80%99-society-some-implications-organisation-and">Archived</a> 15 November 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Ephermera: Theory and Politics in Organization. 14 (4): 947–971. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=2707308">2707308</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2010" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, Peter H. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Demanding_the_impossible_9781604862706">Demanding the impossible : a history of anarchism: be realistic! Demand the impossible!</a>. Oakland, CA: PM Press. pp. 564–565. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60486-268-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60486-268-3"><bdi>978-1-60486-268-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/611612065">611612065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demanding+the+impossible+%3A+a+history+of+anarchism%3A+be+realistic%21+Demand+the+impossible%21&rft.place=Oakland%2C+CA&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E564-%3C%2Fspan%3E565&rft.pub=PM+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F611612065&rft.isbn=978-1-60486-268-3&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Peter+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FDemanding_the_impossible_9781604862706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gay_&_Gay_1999,_p._15-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Gay_&_Gay_1999,_p._15_48-0">^</a> Gay, Kathlyn; Gay, Martin (1999). Encyclopedia of Political Anarchy. ABC-CLIO. p. 15. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87436-982-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87436-982-3">978-0-87436-982-3</a>. "For many anarchists (of whatever persuasion), anarcho-capitalism is a contradictory term, since 'traditional' anarchists oppose capitalism". </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_49-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_49-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_49-3">d</a> Rothbard, Murray (25 February 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard103.html">"Exclusive Interview With Murray Rothbard"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150618045309/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard103.html">Archived</a> 18 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New Banner: A Fortnightly Libertarian Journal. Retrieved 10 September 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_50-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Huemer2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Huemer" title="Michael Huemer">Michael Huemer</a> (2020). "The Right Anarchy". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/right-anarchy-michael-huemer/e/10.4324/9781315185255-24">The Routledge Handbook of Anarchy and Anarchist Thought</a>. Routledge. pp. 342–359. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315185255-24">10.4324/9781315185255-24</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-18525-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-18525-5"><bdi>978-1-315-18525-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:228838944">228838944</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240208210848/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315185255-24/right-anarchy-michael-huemer">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2021. <q>(From abstract): There are two main varieties of anarchism: the socialist variety (aka "social anarchism" or "anarcho-socialism") and the capitalist variety ("anarcho-capitalism")</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Right+Anarchy&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Handbook+of+Anarchy+and+Anarchist+Thought&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E342-%3C%2Fspan%3E359&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A228838944%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315185255-24&rft.isbn=978-1-315-18525-5&rft.au=Michael+Huemer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fchapters%2Fright-anarchy-michael-huemer%2Fe%2F10.4324%2F9781315185255-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_51-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190616142654/https://www.macmillanihe.com/companion/Heywood-Political-Ideologies/resources/Chapter-summaries/#Anarchism">"Political Ideologies: An introduction, fifth edition (Chapter summaries)"</a>. Macmillan International. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macmillanihe.com/companion/Heywood-Political-Ideologies/resources/Chapter-summaries/">the original</a> on 16 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Political+Ideologies%3A+An+introduction%2C+fifth+edition+%28Chapter+summaries%29&rft.pub=Macmillan+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macmillanihe.com%2Fcompanion%2FHeywood-Political-Ideologies%2Fresources%2FChapter-summaries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brooks2-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brooks2_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brooks2_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brooks2_52-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks1994" class="citation book cs1">Brooks, Frank H. (1994). The Individualist Anarchists: An Anthology of Liberty (1881–1908). Transaction Publishers. p. xi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56000-132-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-56000-132-1"><bdi>1-56000-132-1</bdi></a>. <q>Usually considered to be an extreme left-wing ideology, anarchism has always included a significant strain of radical individualism, from the hyperrationalism of Godwin, to the egoism of Stirner, to the libertarians and anarcho-capitalists of today</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Individualist+Anarchists%3A+An+Anthology+of+Liberty+%281881%E2%80%931908%29&rft.pages=xi&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-56000-132-1&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Frank+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeltzer2000" class="citation book cs1">Meltzer, Albert (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anarchism00albe">Anarchism: Arguments for and Against</a>. London: AK Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anarchism00albe/page/50">50</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873176-57-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873176-57-3"><bdi>978-1-873176-57-3</bdi></a>. <q>The philosophy of 'anarcho-capitalism' dreamed up by the 'libertarian' New Right, has nothing to do with Anarchism as known by the Anarchist movement proper.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchism%3A+Arguments+for+and+Against&rft.place=London&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-873176-57-3&rft.aulast=Meltzer&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanarchism00albe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_54-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincent2009" class="citation book cs1">Vincent, Andrew (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=igrwb3rsOOUC&pg=PA66">Modern Political Ideologies</a> (3rd ed.). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-1105-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-1105-1"><bdi>978-1-4443-1105-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230512212239/https://books.google.com/books?id=igrwb3rsOOUC&pg=PA66">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023. <q>Whom to include under the rubric of the New Right remains puzzling. It is usually seen as an amalgam of traditional liberal conservatism, Austrian liberal economic theory (Ludwing von Mises and Hayek), extreme libertarianism (anarcho-capitalism), and crude populism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Political+Ideologies&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pages=66&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-1105-1&rft.aulast=Vincent&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Digrwb3rsOOUC%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ_Michael_Oliver2013" class="citation book cs1">J Michael Oliver (2013). The New Libertarianism: Anarcho-Capitalism. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. pp. 11–12, 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4910-6862-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4910-6862-5"><bdi>978-1-4910-6862-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Libertarianism%3A+Anarcho-Capitalism&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E12%2C+173&rft.pub=CreateSpace+Independent+Publishing+Platform&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4910-6862-5&rft.au=J+Michael+Oliver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dissent_Magazine_2019-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Dissent_Magazine_2019_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuggan2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Duggan" title="Lisa Duggan">Duggan, Lisa</a> (22 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/ayn-rand-and-the-cruel-heart-of-neoliberalism">"Ayn Rand and the Cruel Heart of Neoliberalism"</a>. Dissent Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029160640/https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/ayn-rand-and-the-cruel-heart-of-neoliberalism">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dissent+Magazine&rft.atitle=Ayn+Rand+and+the+Cruel+Heart+of+Neoliberalism&rft.date=2019-05-22&rft.aulast=Duggan&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dissentmagazine.org%2Fonline_articles%2Fayn-rand-and-the-cruel-heart-of-neoliberalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pschu-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pschu_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pschu_57-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pschu_57-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrik_Schumacher2016" class="citation web cs1">Patrik Schumacher (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.patrikschumacher.com/Texts/The%20Stages%20of%20Capitalism%20and%20the%20Styles%20of%20Architecture.html">"The Stages of Capitalism and the Styles of Architecture"</a>. ASA web-magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200208205457/http://www.patrikschumacher.com/Texts/The%20Stages%20of%20Capitalism%20and%20the%20Styles%20of%20Architecture.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Stages+of+Capitalism+and+the+Styles+of+Architecture&rft.pub=ASA+web-magazine&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Patrik+Schumacher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.patrikschumacher.com%2FTexts%2FThe%2520Stages%2520of%2520Capitalism%2520and%2520the%2520Styles%2520of%2520Architecture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kinna_2012-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kinna_2012_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kinna_2012_58-1">b</a> Kinna, Ruth, ed. (2012). The Bloomsbury Companion to Anarchism. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 330–331. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1441142702" title="Special:BookSources/978-1441142702">978-1441142702</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Rothbard, Murray N., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/article.aspx?Id=1559">A Future of Peace and Capitalism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081016170817/http://mises.org/article.aspx?Id=1559">Archived</a> 16 October 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; Murray N. Rothbard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/article.aspx?control=910">Left and Right: The Prospects for Liberty</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081016170817/http://mises.org/article.aspx?Id=1559">Archived</a> 16 October 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Rothbard-P&M-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard-P&M_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard-P&M_60-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard-P&M_60-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard-P&M_60-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard, Murray</a> (1977) [1970]. <a href="/wiki/Power_and_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Power and Market">Power and Market</a> (2nd ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+and+Market&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> published in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard2009" class="citation book cs1">Rothbard, Murray (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/man-economy-and-state-power-and-market">Man, Economy, and State with Power and Market</a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933550-27-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933550-27-5"><bdi>978-1-933550-27-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220818171401/https://mises.org/library/man-economy-and-state-power-and-market">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man%2C+Economy%2C+and+State+with+Power+and+Market&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Mises+Institute&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-933550-27-5&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Flibrary%2Fman-economy-and-state-power-and-market&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.eb.com/eb/article-234237">"Libertarianism"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240208210833/https://academic.eb.com/">Archived</a> 8 February 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 30 July 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_62-1">b</a> Murray Rothbard (2000). "Egalitarianism as A Revolt Against Nature And Other Essays: and other essays". Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2000. p. 207. </li> <li id="cite_note-Avrich_1996-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Avrich_1996_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Avrich_1996_63-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Avrich" title="Paul Avrich">Avrich, Paul</a> (1996). Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America (abridged paperback ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 282. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0691044941" title="Special:BookSources/978-0691044941">978-0691044941</a>. "Although there are many honorable exceptions who still embrace the 'socialist' label, most people who call themselves individualist anarchists today are followers of Murray Rothbard's Austrian economics and have abandoned the labor theory of value." </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Carson" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevin Carson">Carson, Kevin</a> (2006). Studies in Mutualist Political Economy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mutualist.org/id112.html">"Preface"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110415135834/http://www.mutualist.org/id112.html">Archived</a> 15 April 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Charleston: BookSurge Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1419658693" title="Special:BookSources/978-1419658693">978-1419658693</a>. "Murray N. Rothbard (1926–1995), American economist, historian, and individualist anarchist." </li> <li id="cite_note-Edwards_2021-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Edwards_2021_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2021" class="citation journal cs1">Edwards, Maverick (9 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/jspp/vol1/iss2/2">"The Failure of Imagination: A Theoretical and Pragmatic Analysis of Utopianism as an Orientation for Human Life"</a>. Liberty University Journal of Statesmanship & Public Policy. 1 (2). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116172514/https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/jspp/vol1/iss2/2/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Liberty+University+Journal+of+Statesmanship+%26+Public+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Failure+of+Imagination%3A+A+Theoretical+and+Pragmatic+Analysis+of+Utopianism+as+an+Orientation+for+Human+Life&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2021-01-09&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Maverick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.liberty.edu%2Fjspp%2Fvol1%2Fiss2%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-swnauka-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-swnauka_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-swnauka_66-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanisław_Wójtowicz2017" class="citation journal cs1">Stanisław Wójtowicz (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nauka-pan.pl/index.php/nauka/article/view/747">"Anarcho-capitalism, or can we do away with the state"</a>. Nauka (4). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1231-8515">1231-8515</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029100842/http://nauka-pan.pl/index.php/nauka/article/view/747">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2021. <q>The last problem is especially vexing, since anarcho-capitalists seem to be caught up in a contradiction here. On one hand, they are proponents of a specific moral theory (based on non-aggression principle), on the other hand, they do not allow for any central, monopolistic agency to impose that moral theory on society.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nauka&rft.atitle=Anarcho-capitalism%2C+or+can+we+do+away+with+the+state&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=1231-8515&rft.au=Stanis%C5%82aw+W%C3%B3jtowicz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnauka-pan.pl%2Findex.php%2Fnauka%2Farticle%2Fview%2F747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Friedman, David D. (1989) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Libertarian/Machinery_of_Freedom/MofF_Chapter_41.html">"Chapter 41: Problems"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111182546/http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Libertarian/Machinery_of_Freedom/MofF_Chapter_41.html">Archived</a> 11 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Machinery of Freedom: Guide to a Radical Capitalism (2nd ed.). La Salle: Open Court Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8126-9069-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8126-9069-9">0-8126-9069-9</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Rothbard-1982.2-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard-1982.2_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard-1982.2_68-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard-1982.2_68-2">c</a> Rothbard, Murray (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/rothbard/ethics/ethics.asp">The Ethics of Liberty</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141109113441/http://mises.org/rothbard/ethics/ethics.asp">Archived</a> 9 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press. p. 162. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-7506-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-7506-6">978-0-8147-7506-6</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Rothbard, Murray N. (1975) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/journals/lf/1975/1975_01.pdf">"Society Without A State"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131210042358/http://mises.org/journals/lf/1975/1975_01.pdf">Archived</a> 10 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Libertarian Forum newsletter (January 1975). </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCristóbal_Matarán_López2021" class="citation journal cs1">Cristóbal Matarán López (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11138-021-00541-0">"The Austrian school of Madrid"</a>. The Review of Austrian Economics. 36: 61–79. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11138-021-00541-0">10.1007/s11138-021-00541-0</a>. <q>In addition, Professor Huerta de Soto has become one of the most prominent and resolute defenders of the Anarchocapitalism, that is, the full and complete privatisation of all goods and services.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+Austrian+Economics&rft.atitle=The+Austrian+school+of+Madrid&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E79&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11138-021-00541-0&rft.au=Crist%C3%B3bal+Matar%C3%A1n+L%C3%B3pez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs11138-021-00541-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoppe-2002-71"><a href="#cite_ref-Hoppe-2002_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoppe2002" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe, Hans-Hermann</a> (20 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/hoppe/hoppe7.html">"Rothbardian Ethics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/LewRockwell.com" class="mw-redirect" title="LewRockwell.com">LewRockwell.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140313203720/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/hoppe/hoppe7.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LewRockwell.com&rft.atitle=Rothbardian+Ethics&rft.date=2002-05-20&rft.aulast=Hoppe&rft.aufirst=Hans-Hermann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.lewrockwell.com%2Fhoppe%2Fhoppe7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tennessee-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tennessee_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tennessee_72-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall1990" class="citation web cs1">Hall, Larry M (December 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4312&context=utk_graddiss">"Anarcho-Capitalist Threads in Modern Libertarianism: The Social Thought of Murray Rothbard"</a>. tennessee.edu. p. 140. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230324032927/https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4312&context=utk_graddiss">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tennessee.edu&rft.atitle=Anarcho-Capitalist+Threads+in+Modern+Libertarianism%3A+The+Social+Thought+of+Murray+Rothbard&rft.pages=140&rft.date=1990-12&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Larry+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrace.tennessee.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D4312%26context%3Dutk_graddiss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> John Locke, <a href="/wiki/Second_Treatise_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Treatise of Government">Second Treatise of Government</a>, Chapter V, paragraph 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_74-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilberstein" class="citation web cs1">Silberstein, Stephanie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/bright/Spooner/debate.html">"Was Spooner Really an Anarcho-Socialist?"</a>. Anarchy Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170425080122/http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/bright/Spooner/debate.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2017. Retrieved 29 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Was+Spooner+Really+an+Anarcho-Socialist%3F&rft.pub=Anarchy+Archives&rft.aulast=Silberstein&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdwardmac.pitzer.edu%2Fanarchist_archives%2Fbright%2FSpooner%2Fdebate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rothbard-MES-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard-MES_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard-MES_75-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard, Murray</a> (1993) [1962]. <a href="/wiki/Man,_Economy,_and_State" title="Man, Economy, and State">Man, Economy, and State</a> (2nd ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man%2C+Economy%2C+and+State&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> published in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard2009" class="citation book cs1">Rothbard, Murray (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/man-economy-and-state-power-and-market">Man, Economy, and State with Power and Market</a> (2nd ed.). Mises Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933550-27-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933550-27-5"><bdi>978-1-933550-27-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220818171401/https://mises.org/library/man-economy-and-state-power-and-market">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man%2C+Economy%2C+and+State+with+Power+and+Market&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Mises+Institute&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-933550-27-5&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Flibrary%2Fman-economy-and-state-power-and-market&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Rothbard, Murray (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/justice-and-property-rights-failure-utilitarianism">"Justice and Property Rights: The Failure of Utilitarianism"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200825043047/https://mises.org/library/justice-and-property-rights-failure-utilitarianism">Archived</a> 25 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. In Egalitarianism as a Revolt Against Nature and Other Essays (2nd ed.). Auburn: Mises Institute. p. 113. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1610164627" title="Special:BookSources/978-1610164627">978-1610164627</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Cobin, John M. (2009). A Primer on Modern Themes in Free Market Economics and Policy. Irvine: Universal-Publishers. p. 557. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1610167024" title="Special:BookSources/978-1610167024">978-1610167024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Deist, Jeff (7 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/power-market/rothbard-slavery-reparations">"Rothbard on Slavery Reparations"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200828194210/https://mises.org/power-market/rothbard-slavery-reparations">Archived</a> 28 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Mises Institute. Retrieved 6 September 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_2019-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_2019_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_2019_79-1">b</a> Gordon, David, ed.; Rothbard, Murray; Fuller, Edward W. (2019). Rothbard A to Z. Auburn: Mises Institute. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1610167024" title="Special:BookSources/978-1610167024">978-1610167024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Carson, Kevin (28 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://c4ss.org/content/12938">"The Left-Rothbardians, Part I: Rothbard"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190924152853/https://c4ss.org/content/12938">Archived</a> 24 September 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Center for a Stateless Society. "What most people ordinarily identify as the stereotypical 'libertarian' privatization proposal, unfortunately, goes something like this: sell it to a giant corporation on terms that are most advantageous to the corporation. Rothbard proposed, instead, was to treat state property as unowned, and allow it to be homesteaded by those actually occupying it and mixing their labor with it. This would mean transforming government utilities, schools, and other services into consumer cooperatives and placing them under the direct control of their present clientele. It would mean handing over state industry to workers' syndicates and transforming it into worker-owned cooperatives". Retrieved 10 January 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Rothbard, Murray (Spring 1965). "Left and Right: The Prospects for Liberty". Left and Right: A Journal of Libertarian Thought. 1 (1): 4–22. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Long, Roderick T. (8 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/rothbards-left-and-right-forty-years-later">"Rothbard's 'Left and Right': Forty Years Later"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010073127/https://mises.org/library/rothbards-left-and-right-forty-years-later">Archived</a> 10 October 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Mises Institute. Rothbard Memorial Lecture, Austrian Scholars Conference 2006. Retrieved 17 March 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hess1969-83"><a href="#cite_ref-Hess1969_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHess1969" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hess" title="Karl Hess">Hess, Karl</a> (15 June 1969). "Letter From Washington: Where Are The Specifics?". <a href="/wiki/The_Libertarian_Forum" title="The Libertarian Forum">The Libertarian Forum</a>. I (VI): 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Libertarian+Forum&rft.atitle=Letter+From+Washington%3A+Where+Are+The+Specifics%3F&rft.volume=I&rft.issue=VI&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1969-06-15&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> published in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard, Murray N.</a>, ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.mises.org/Libertarian%20Forum_Volume_1.pdf">The Complete Libertarian Forum: 1969–1984</a> (PDF). Vol. 1: 1969–1975. <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a>. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933550-02-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933550-02-2"><bdi>978-1-933550-02-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://cdn.mises.org/Libertarian%20Forum_Volume_1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Libertarian+Forum%3A+1969%E2%80%931984&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Ludwig+von+Mises+Institute&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-933550-02-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.mises.org%2FLibertarian%2520Forum_Volume_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandra_JeppesenAnna_KruzynskiRachel_Sarrasin2014" class="citation web cs1">Sandra Jeppesen; Anna Kruzynski; Rachel Sarrasin (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediaactionresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Anarchist-Commons-FINAL.pdf">"The anarchist commons"</a> (PDF). Ephemera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.mediaactionresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Anarchist-Commons-FINAL.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+anarchist+commons&rft.pub=Ephemera&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Sandra+Jeppesen&rft.au=Anna+Kruzynski&rft.au=Rachel+Sarrasin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediaactionresearch.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F02%2FAnarchist-Commons-FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holcombe-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holcombe_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holcombe_85-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holcombe_85-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holcombe_85-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holcombe_85-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolcombe2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Randall_G._Holcombe" title="Randall G. Holcombe">Holcombe, Randall G.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.mises.org/19_2_1.pdf">"Common Property in Anarcho-Capitalism"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Libertarian_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Libertarian Studies">Journal of Libertarian Studies</a>. 19 (2 (Spring)): 3–29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://cdn.mises.org/19_2_1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Libertarian+Studies&rft.atitle=Common+Property+in+Anarcho-Capitalism&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2+%28Spring%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E29&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Holcombe&rft.aufirst=Randall+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.mises.org%2F19_2_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Avrich" title="Paul Avrich">Avrich, Paul</a>. Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America, Abridged Paperback Edition (1996), p. 282. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinsella2008" class="citation book cs1">Kinsella, N. Stephan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.mises.org/Against%20Intellectual%20Property_2.pdf">Against Intellectual Property</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig Von Mises Institute">Ludwig Von Mises Institute</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://cdn.mises.org/Against%20Intellectual%20Property_2.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Against+Intellectual+Property&rft.pub=Ludwig+Von+Mises+Institute&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Kinsella&rft.aufirst=N.+Stephan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.mises.org%2FAgainst%2520Intellectual%2520Property_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kazmi-88"><a href="#cite_ref-kazmi_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaheer_Kazmi2012" class="citation book cs1">Zaheer Kazmi (2012). Polite Anarchy in International Relations Theory. The Palgrave Macmillan History of International Thought. Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-02813-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-02813-6"><bdi>978-1-137-02813-6</bdi></a>. <q>Notably, in light of latter-day anarcho-capitalism, Tucker had also advocated the privatisation of the policing and security functions of the state to protect people and property and accepted the use of violence as means of enforcing contracts.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polite+Anarchy+in+International+Relations+Theory&rft.series=The+Palgrave+Macmillan+History+of+International+Thought&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+US&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-137-02813-6&rft.au=Zaheer+Kazmi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathan_W._SchlueterNikolai_G._Wenzel2018" class="citation book cs1">Nathan W. 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Retrieved 2 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.militaryethics.org&rft.atitle=Just+War+and+Rothbardian+Libertarianism+%7C+Encyclopedia+of+Military+Ethics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.militaryethics.org%2FJust-War-and-Rothbardian-Libertarianism%2F13%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard2017" class="citation cs2">Rothbard, Murray N. (5 July 2017), "America's Two Just Wars: 1775 and 1861", The Costs of War, Routledge, pp. 119–133, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315131481-4">10.4324/9781315131481-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-13148-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-13148-1"><bdi>978-1-315-13148-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Costs+of+War&rft.atitle=America%27s+Two+Just+Wars%3A+1775+and+1861&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E119-%3C%2Fspan%3E133&rft.date=2017-07-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315131481-4&rft.isbn=978-1-315-13148-1&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard1981" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard, Murray</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rothbard.it/articles/konkin-on-libertarian.pdf">"Konkin on Libertarian Strategy"</a> (PDF). Strategy of the New Libertarian Alliance. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.rothbard.it/articles/konkin-on-libertarian.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Strategy+of+the+New+Libertarian+Alliance&rft.atitle=Konkin+on+Libertarian+Strategy&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rothbard.it%2Farticles%2Fkonkin-on-libertarian.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OKeefe1989-109"><a href="#cite_ref-OKeefe1989_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Keeffe1989" class="citation journal cs1">O'Keeffe, Matthew (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203193034/http://libertarian.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/legan005.pdf">"Retribution Versus Restitution"</a> (PDF). Legal Notes. 5. London: Libertarian Alliance. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-870614-22-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-870614-22-4"><bdi>1-870614-22-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0267-7083">0267-7083</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libertarian.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/legan005.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 3 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Legal+Notes&rft.atitle=Retribution+Versus+Restitution&rft.volume=5&rft.date=1989&rft.issn=0267-7083&rft.isbn=1-870614-22-4&rft.aulast=O%27Keeffe&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibertarian.co.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F08%2Flegan005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenson1998" class="citation book cs1">Benson, Bruce (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/toserveprotectpr00bens">To Serve and Protect: Privatization and Community in Criminal Justice</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Press" title="New York University Press">NYU Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/toserveprotectpr00bens/page/n263">235</a>–38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-1327-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-1327-3"><bdi>978-0-8147-1327-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Serve+and+Protect%3A+Privatization+and+Community+in+Criminal+Justice&rft.pages=235-38&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-1327-3&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftoserveprotectpr00bens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTannehill,_Linda_and_Morris1993" class="citation book cs1">Tannehill, Linda and Morris (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/books/marketforliberty.pdf">The Market for Liberty</a> (PDF). San Francisco: Fox & Wilkes. pp. 105–106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-930073-08-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-930073-08-4"><bdi>978-0-930073-08-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141003011703/http://www.mises.org/books/marketforliberty.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Market+for+Liberty&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E105-%3C%2Fspan%3E106&rft.pub=Fox+%26+Wilkes&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-930073-08-4&rft.au=Tannehill%2C+Linda+and+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mises.org%2Fbooks%2Fmarketforliberty.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goodway_2006-112">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goodway_2006_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goodway_2006_112-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goodway_2006_112-2">c</a> Goodway, David (2006). <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Seeds_Beneath_the_Snow:_Left-Libertarian_Thought_and_British_Writers_from_William_Morris_to_Colin_Ward" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist Seeds Beneath the Snow: Left-Libertarian Thought and British Writers from William Morris to Colin Ward">Anarchist Seeds Beneath the Snow: Left-Libertarian Thought and British Writers from William Morris to Colin Ward</a>. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. p. 4. "'Libertarian' and 'libertarianism' are frequently employed by anarchists as synonyms for 'anarchist' and 'anarchism', largely as an attempt to distance themselves from the negative connotations of 'anarchy' and its derivatives. The situation has been vastly complicated in recent decades with the rise of anarcho-capitalism, 'minimal statism' and an extreme right-wing laissez-faire philosophy advocated by such theorists as Rothbard and Nozick and their adoption of the words 'libertarian' and 'libertarianism'. It has therefore now become necessary to distinguish between their right libertarianism and the left libertarianism of the anarchist tradition." </li> <li id="cite_note-Jun_2009-113"><a href="#cite_ref-Jun_2009_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJun2009" class="citation journal cs1">Jun, Nathan (September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philarchive.org/rec/JUNAPA-2">"Anarchist Philosophy and Working Class Struggle: A Brief History and Commentary"</a>. WorkingUSA. 12 (3): 507–508. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1743-4580.2009.00251.x">10.1111/j.1743-4580.2009.00251.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1089-7011">1089-7011</a>. <q>[Anarchists oppose] all centralized and hierarchical forms of government (e.g., monarchy, representative democracy, state socialism, etc.), economic class systems (e.g., capitalism, Bolshevism, feudalism, slavery, etc.), autocratic religions (e.g., fundamentalist Islam, Roman Catholicism, etc.), patriarchy, heterosexism, white supremacy, and imperialism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WorkingUSA&rft.atitle=Anarchist+Philosophy+and+Working+Class+Struggle%3A+A+Brief+History+and+Commentary&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E507-%3C%2Fspan%3E508&rft.date=2009-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1743-4580.2009.00251.x&rft.issn=1089-7011&rft.aulast=Jun&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilarchive.org%2Frec%2FJUNAPA-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams_2018-114"><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_2018_114-0">^</a> Williams, Dana M. (2018). "Contemporary Anarchist and Anarchistic Movements". Sociology Compass. Wiley. 12 (6): 4. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fsoc4.12582">10.1111/soc4.12582</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1751-9020">1751-9020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahn2000" class="citation journal cs1">Kahn, Joseph (5 August 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/05/arts/anarchism-creed-that-won-t-stay-dead-spread-world-capitalism-resurrects-long.html">"Anarchism, the Creed That Won't Stay Dead; The Spread of World Capitalism Resurrects a Long-Dormant Movement"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230926114130/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/05/arts/anarchism-creed-that-won-t-stay-dead-spread-world-capitalism-resurrects-long.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Anarchism%2C+the+Creed+That+Won%27t+Stay+Dead%3B+The+Spread+of+World+Capitalism+Resurrects+a+Long-Dormant+Movement&rft.date=2000-08-05&rft.aulast=Kahn&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F08%2F05%2Farts%2Fanarchism-creed-that-won-t-stay-dead-spread-world-capitalism-resurrects-long.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoynihan2007" class="citation journal cs1">Moynihan, Colin (16 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/16/nyregion/16anarchists.html">"Book Fair Unites Anarchists. In Spirit, Anyway"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210914000000/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/16/nyregion/16anarchists.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Book+Fair+Unites+Anarchists.+In+Spirit%2C+Anyway&rft.date=2007-04-16&rft.aulast=Moynihan&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F04%2F16%2Fnyregion%2F16anarchists.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> Guerin, Daniel (1970). Anarchism: From Theory to Practice. Monthly Review Press. pp. 12, 35. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0853451280" title="Special:BookSources/978-0853451280">978-0853451280</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Tame,_Chris_R_1983._p._56-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tame,_Chris_R_1983._p._56_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tame,_Chris_R_1983._p._56_118-1">b</a> Tame, Chris R. (October 1983). The Chicago School: Lessons from the Thirties for the Eighties. Economic Affairs. p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-McKay_2008-119"><a href="#cite_ref-McKay_2008_119-0">^</a> McKay, Iain (2008). An Anarchist FAQ. 1. "What are the myths of capitalist economics?" "Is 'anarcho'-capitalism a type of anarchism?" Oakland/Edinburgh: AK Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1902593906" title="Special:BookSources/978-1902593906">978-1902593906</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> Marshall, Peter (1992). Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism. London: HarperCollins. p. 641. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-217855-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-217855-6">978-0-00-217855-6</a>. "For a long time, libertarian was interchangeable in France with anarchist but in recent years, its meaning has become more ambivalent." </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohn2009" class="citation book cs1">Cohn, Jesse (20 April 2009). "Anarchism". In Ness, Immanuel (ed.). The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. pp. 1–11 (6). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781405198073.wbierp0039">10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp0039</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9807-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9807-3"><bdi>978-1-4051-9807-3</bdi></a>. <q>[...] 'libertarianism' [...] a term that, until the mid-twentieth century, was synonymous with 'anarchism' per se</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anarchism&rft.btitle=The+International+Encyclopedia+of+Revolution+and+Protest&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=1-11+%286%29&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2009-04-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781405198073.wbierp0039&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-9807-3&rft.aulast=Cohn&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancis1983" class="citation journal cs1">Francis, Mark (December 1983). "Human Rights and Libertarians". <a href="/wiki/Australian_Journal_of_Politics_%26_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Journal of Politics & History">Australian Journal of Politics & History</a>. 29 (3): 462. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8497.1983.tb00212.x">10.1111/j.1467-8497.1983.tb00212.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-9522">0004-9522</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Politics+%26+History&rft.atitle=Human+Rights+and+Libertarians&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=462&rft.date=1983-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-8497.1983.tb00212.x&rft.issn=0004-9522&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancis1983" class="citation journal cs1">Francis, Mark (December 1983). "Human Rights and Libertarians". <a href="/wiki/Australian_Journal_of_Politics_%26_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Journal of Politics & History">Australian Journal of Politics & History</a>. 29 (3): 462–463. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8497.1983.tb00212.x">10.1111/j.1467-8497.1983.tb00212.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-9522">0004-9522</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Politics+%26+History&rft.atitle=Human+Rights+and+Libertarians&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E462-%3C%2Fspan%3E463&rft.date=1983-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-8497.1983.tb00212.x&rft.issn=0004-9522&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Funnell_2007-124"><a href="#cite_ref-Funnell_2007_124-0">^</a> Funnell, Warwick (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=aabfj">"Accounting and the Virtues of Anarchy"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115205625/https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=aabfj">Archived</a> 15 November 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal. 1 (1) 18–27. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14453%2Faabfj.v1i1.2">10.14453/aabfj.v1i1.2</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams_2012-125"><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_2012_125-0">^</a> Williams, Dana (2012). "From Top to Bottom, a Thoroughly Stratified World: An Anarchist View of Inequality and Domination". Race, Gender & Class. 19 (3/4): 9–34. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43497486">43497486</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasey2018" class="citation book cs1">Casey, Gerard (2018). Freedom's Progress?. Andrews UK Limited. p. 670. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84540-942-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84540-942-5"><bdi>978-1-84540-942-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freedom%27s+Progress%3F&rft.pages=670&rft.pub=Andrews+UK+Limited&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-84540-942-5&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJun2017" class="citation book cs1">Jun, Nathan J. (2017). Brill's Companion to Anarchism and philosophy. Brill. p. 293. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-35688-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-35688-7"><bdi>978-90-04-35688-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brill%27s+Companion+to+Anarchism+and+philosophy&rft.pages=293&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-90-04-35688-7&rft.aulast=Jun&rft.aufirst=Nathan+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennings1999" class="citation book cs1">Jennings, Jeremy (1999). "Anarchism". In Eatwell, Roger; Wright, Anthony (eds.). Contemporary Political Ideologies (reprinted, 2nd ed.). London: A & C Black. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-5173-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-5173-6"><bdi>978-0-8264-5173-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anarchism&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Political+Ideologies&rft.place=London&rft.pages=147&rft.edition=reprinted%2C+2nd&rft.pub=A+%26+C+Black&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-5173-6&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodwin2007" class="citation book cs1">Goodwin, Barbara (2007). Using Political Ideas. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-02552-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-02552-9"><bdi>978-0-470-02552-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Using+Political+Ideas&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-470-02552-9&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> McLaughlin, Paul (2007). Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism. Ashgate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kkj5i3CeGbQC">pp. 28</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240208210722/https://books.google.com/books?id=kkj5i3CeGbQC">Archived</a> 8 February 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>–166. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0754661962" title="Special:BookSources/978-0754661962">978-0754661962</a>. "Anarchists do reject the state, as we will see. But to claim that this central aspect of anarchism is definitive is to sell anarchism short. [...] [Opposition to the state] is (contrary to what many scholars believe) not definitive of anarchism." </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Jun, Nathan (September 2009). "Anarchist Philosophy and Working Class Struggle: A Brief History and Commentary". WorkingUSA. 12 (3): 505–519. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1743-4580.2009.00251.x">10.1111/j.1743-4580.2009.00251.x</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1089-7011">1089-7011</a>. "One common misconception, which has been rehearsed repeatedly by the few Anglo-American philosophers who have bothered to broach the topic [...] is that anarchism can be defined solely in terms of opposition to states and governments" (p. 507). </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> Franks, Benjamin (August 2013). Freeden, Michael; Stears, Marc (eds.). "Anarchism". The Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies. Oxford University Press: 385–404. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199585977.013.0001">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0001</a>. "[M]any, questionably, regard anti-statism as the irremovable, universal principle at the core of anarchism. [...] The fact that [anarchists and anarcho-capitalists] share a core concept of 'anti-statism', which is often advanced as [...] a commonality between them [...], is insufficient to produce a shared identity [...] because [they interpret] the concept of state-rejection [...] differently despite the initial similarity in nomenclature" (pp. 386–388). </li> <li id="cite_note-prychytkodl-133">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prychytkodl_133-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-prychytkodl_133-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_L._Prychytko2002" class="citation book cs1">David L. Prychytko (2002). "Chapter 10: Expanding the Anarchist Range: A Critical Reappraisal of Rothbard's Contribution to the Contemporary Theory of Anarchism". Markets, Planning, and Democracy. Edward Elgar Publishing, Incorporated. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84376-738-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84376-738-1"><bdi>978-1-84376-738-1</bdi></a>. <q>While society without a state is necessary for full-fledged anarchy, it is nevertheless insufficient.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+10%3A+Expanding+the+Anarchist+Range%3A+A+Critical+Reappraisal+of+Rothbard%27s+Contribution+to+the+Contemporary+Theory+of+Anarchism&rft.btitle=Markets%2C+Planning%2C+and+Democracy&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-84376-738-1&rft.au=David+L.+Prychytko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2019" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Ryan H. (2019). Markets against Modernity: Ecological Irrationality, Public and Private. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-9118-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-9118-8"><bdi>978-1-4985-9118-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Markets+against+Modernity%3A+Ecological+Irrationality%2C+Public+and+Private&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-4985-9118-8&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Ryan+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatlestad2018" class="citation web cs1">Hatlestad, Luc (19 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.5280.com/2016/08/is-anarchy-the-solution-to-our-political-problems/">"Is Anarchy the Solution to Our Political Problems?"</a>. 5280 Denver's Mile High Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210804214025/https://www.5280.com/2016/08/is-anarchy-the-solution-to-our-political-problems/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+Anarchy+the+Solution+to+Our+Political+Problems%3F&rft.pub=5280+Denver%27s+Mile+High+Magazine&rft.date=2018-08-19&rft.aulast=Hatlestad&rft.aufirst=Luc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.5280.com%2F2016%2F08%2Fis-anarchy-the-solution-to-our-political-problems%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MurrayRothbard-136">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MurrayRothbard_136-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MurrayRothbard_136-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard2016" class="citation book cs1">Rothbard, Murray N. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/rothbard-reader/html/c/406">The Rothbard Reader – Society Without a State</a>. Mises Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61016-661-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61016-661-4"><bdi>978-1-61016-661-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128055729/https://mises.org/library/rothbard-reader/html/c/406">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rothbard+Reader+%E2%80%93+Society+Without+a+State&rft.pub=Mises+Institute&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-61016-661-4&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Flibrary%2Frothbard-reader%2Fhtml%2Fc%2F406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-raico2004-137">^ <a href="#cite_ref-raico2004_137-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-raico2004_137-1">b</a> Raico, Ralph (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/story/1787">Authentic German Liberalism of the 19th century</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090610035217/http://www.crea.polytechnique.fr/index.htm">Archived</a> 10 June 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. École Polytechnique, Centre de Recherche en Épistémologie Appliquée. Unité associée au CNRS. </li> <li id="cite_note-Mises-138"><a href="#cite_ref-Mises_138-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Raico" title="Ralph Raico">Raico, Ralph</a> (29 March 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/daily/5088/Neither-the-Wars-Nor-the-Leaders-Were-Great">"Neither the Wars Nor the Leaders Were Great"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914021824/https://mises.org/daily/5088/Neither-the-Wars-Nor-the-Leaders-Were-Great">Archived</a> 14 September 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> Molinari, Gustave; Ebeling, Richard M., ed. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/production-security-0">The Production of Security</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128182908/https://mises.org/library/production-security-0">Archived</a> 28 November 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. "Preface". Translated by McCulloch, J. Huston. Occasional Papers Series (2). New York: The Center for Libertarian Studies. </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAligica2017" class="citation journal cs1">Aligica, Paul Dragos (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0095399715581044">"Public Administration and the Classical Liberal Perspective: Criticism, Clarifications, and Reconstruction"</a>. Administration & Society. 49 (4): 530–551. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0095399715581044">10.1177/0095399715581044</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0095-3997">0095-3997</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144893289">144893289</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220612110335/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0095399715581044">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Administration+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Public+Administration+and+the+Classical+Liberal+Perspective%3A+Criticism%2C+Clarifications%2C+and+Reconstruction&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E530-%3C%2Fspan%3E551&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144893289%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0095-3997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0095399715581044&rft.aulast=Aligica&rft.aufirst=Paul+Dragos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F0095399715581044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> De Leon, David (1978). <a href="/wiki/The_American_as_Anarchist:_Reflections_on_Indigenous_Radicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="The American as Anarchist: Reflections on Indigenous Radicalism">The American as Anarchist: Reflections on Indigenous Radicalism</a>. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 127. "[...] Only a few individuals like Murray Rothbard, in Power and Market, and some article writers were influenced by these men. Most had not evolved consciously from this tradition; they had been a rather automatic product of the American environment." </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> Gordon, David (2007). The Essential Rothbard. Mises Institute. pp. 12–13. </li> <li id="cite_note-Rothbard_2000-143">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard_2000_143-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard_2000_143-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard_2000_143-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard_2000_143-3">d</a> Rothbard, Murray (2000) [1965]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.mises.org/20_1_2.pdf">"The Spooner-Tucker Doctrine: An Economist's View"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201130135410/https://cdn.mises.org/20_1_2.pdf">Archived</a> 30 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Journal of Libertarian Studies. 20 (1): 5–15. </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> Rothbard, Murray (2000) [1965]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/journals/jls/20_1/20_1_2.pdf">"The Spooner-Tucker Doctrine: An Economist's View"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102032649/http://www.mises.org/journals/jls/20_1/20_1_2.pdf">Archived</a> 2 November 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Journal of Libertarian Studies. 20 (1): 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker1911" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Benjamin (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/statesocialisman00tuck/page/n5">State Socialism and Anarchism: How Far They Agree & Wherein They Differ</a> (6th ed.). London: A. C. Fifield.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+Socialism+and+Anarchism%3A+How+Far+They+Agree+%26+Wherein+They+Differ&rft.place=London&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=A.+C.+Fifield&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstatesocialisman00tuck%2Fpage%2Fn5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Wieck,_David" class="mw-redirect" title="Wieck, David">Wieck, David</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/david-wieck-anarchist-justice">"Anarchist Justice"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928054827/https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/david-wieck-anarchist-justice">Archived</a> 28 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. In Chapman, John W.; Pennock, J. Roland Pennock, eds. Anarchism: Nomos XIX. New York: New York University Press. pp. 227–228. "Out of the history of anarchist thought and action Rothbard has pulled forth a single thread, the thread of individualism, and defines that individualism in a way alien even to the spirit of a Max Stirner or a Benjamin Tucker, whose heritage I presume he would claim – to say nothing of how alien is his way to the spirit of Godwin, Proudhon, Bakunin, Kropotkin, Malatesta, and the historically anonymous persons who through their thoughts and action have tried to give anarchism a living meaning. Out of this thread, Rothbard manufactures one more bourgeois ideology." Retrieved 7 April 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-Peacott_1985-147">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peacott_1985_147-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peacott_1985_147-1">b</a> Peacott, Joe (18 April 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://flag.blackened.net/daver/anarchism/mcelroy2.html">"Reply to Wendy Mc Elroy"</a>. New Libertarian (14, June 1985. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207212416/http://flag.blackened.net/daver/anarchism/mcelroy2.html">Archived</a> 7 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 4 September 2020. "In her article on individualist anarchism in October 1984, New Libertarian, Wendy McElroy mistakenly claims that modern-day individualist anarchism is identical with anarchist capitalism. She ignores the fact that there are still individualist anarchists who reject capitalism as well as communism, in the tradition of Warren, Spooner, Tucker, and others. [...] Benjamin Tucker, when he spoke of his ideal 'society of contract,' was certainly not speaking of anything remotely resembling contemporary capitalist society. [...] I do not quarrel with McElroy's definition of herself as an individualist anarchist. However, I dislike the fact that she tries to equate the term with anarchist capitalism. This is simply not true. I am an individualist anarchist and I am opposed to capitalist economic relations, voluntary or otherwise." </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> Baker, J. W. "Native American Anarchism". The Raven. 10 (1): 43‒62. Retrieved 4 September 2020. "It is time that anarchists recognise the valuable contributions of individualist anarchist theory and take advantage of its ideas. It would be both futile and criminal to leave it to the capitalist libertarians, whose claims on Tucker and the others can be made only by ignoring the violent opposition they had to capitalist exploitation and monopolistic 'free enterprise' supported by the state." </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> Miller, David, ed. (1987). The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Political Thought. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 290. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-17944-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-17944-5">0-631-17944-5</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Are_Libertarians-150"><a href="#cite_ref-Are_Libertarians_150-0">^</a> Rothbard, Murray (1950s). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard167.html">"Are Libertarians 'Anarchists'?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170113130534/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard167.html">Archived</a> 13 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Lew Rockwell.com. Retrieved 4 September 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> Peacott, Joe (18 April 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://flag.blackened.net/daver/anarchism/mcelroy2.html">"Reply to Wendy Mc Elroy"</a>. New Libertarian (14, June 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207212416/http://flag.blackened.net/daver/anarchism/mcelroy2.html">Archived</a> 7 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 4 September 2020. "In her overview of anarchist history, McElroy criticizes the individualists of the past for their belief in the labor theory of value, because it fails to distinguish between profit and plunder. Some anarchist individualists still believe that profit is theft and that living off the labor of others is immoral. And some individualists, both past and present, agree with the communist anarchists that present-day capitalism is based on economic coercion, not on voluntary contract. Rent and interest are the mainstays of modern capitalism and are protected and enforced by the state. Without these two unjust institutions, capitalism could not exist. These two institutions, and the money monopoly of the state, effectively prevent most people from being economically independent and force them into wage labor. Saying that coercion does not exist i[n] capitalist economic relations because workers aren't forced to work by armed capitalists ignores the very real economic coercion caused by this alliance of capitalism and the state. People don't voluntarily work for wages or pay rent, except in the sense that most people 'voluntarily' pay taxes[.] Because one recognizes when she or he is up against superior force and chooses to compromise in order to survive, does not make these activities voluntary; at least, not in the way I envision voluntary relations in an anarchist society." </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-ANCAP_FAQ-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Friedman-79-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Long-Vikings-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-tabarroki-22">[22]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2015" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, David D. (28 February 2015). "Private Law Enforcement, Medieval Iceland, and Libertarianism". The Machinery of Freedom (3rd ed.). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. pp. 203–204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5077-8560-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5077-8560-7"><bdi>978-1-5077-8560-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Private+Law+Enforcement%2C+Medieval+Iceland%2C+and+Libertarianism&rft.btitle=The+Machinery+of+Freedom&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E203-%3C%2Fspan%3E204&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=CreateSpace+Independent+Publishing+Platform&rft.date=2015-02-28&rft.isbn=978-1-5077-8560-7&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=David+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Anderson, Terry L. and Hill, P. J. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://invisiblemolotov.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/wild-west3.pdf">An American Experiment in Anarcho-Capitalism: The Not So Wild, Wild West</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211017182618/https://invisiblemolotov.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/wild-west3.pdf">Archived</a> 17 October 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", The Journal of Libertarian Studies </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenson1998" class="citation book cs1">Benson, Bruce L. (1998). "Private Justice in America". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/toserveprotectpr00bens">To Serve and Protect: Privatization and Community in Criminal Justice</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Press" title="New York University Press">New York University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/toserveprotectpr00bens/page/n129">101</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-1327-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-1327-3"><bdi>978-0-8147-1327-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Private+Justice+in+America&rft.btitle=To+Serve+and+Protect%3A+Privatization+and+Community+in+Criminal+Justice&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-1327-3&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=Bruce+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftoserveprotectpr00bens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> Peden <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peacerequiresanarchy.wordpress.com/2012/12/30/stateless-societies-ancient-ireland/">Stateless Societies: Ancient Ireland</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190805235244/https://peacerequiresanarchy.wordpress.com/2012/12/30/stateless-societies-ancient-ireland/">Archived</a> 5 August 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> Rothbard. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ozarkia.net/bill/anarchism/library/DefenseServicesFreeMarket.html">Defense Services on the Free Market</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314014824/http://ozarkia.net/bill/anarchism/library/DefenseServicesFreeMarket.html">Archived</a> 14 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> Benson. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/enterprise-customary-law">The Enterprise of Customary Law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419041444/https://mises.org/library/enterprise-customary-law">Archived</a> 19 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> Hasnas. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.msb.edu/hasnasj/GTWebSite/Obvious.pdf">The Obviousness of Anarchy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160311103309/http://faculty.msb.edu/hasnasj/GTWebSite/Obvious.pdf">Archived</a> 11 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". </li> <li id="cite_note-knight-160"><a href="#cite_ref-knight_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight2009" class="citation web cs1">Knight, Alex R. III (7 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://c4ss.org/content/1201">"The Truth About Somalia And Anarchy"</a>. Center for a Stateless Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215030144/https://c4ss.org/content/1201">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Truth+About+Somalia+And+Anarchy&rft.pub=Center+for+a+Stateless+Society&rft.date=2009-10-07&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Alex+R.+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fc4ss.org%2Fcontent%2F1201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlock1999" class="citation journal cs1">Block, Walter (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mises.org/journals/qjae/pdf/qjae2_3_3.pdf">"Review Essay"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/The_Quarterly_Journal_of_Austrian_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics">The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics</a>. 2 (3 (Fall)). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://mises.org/journals/qjae/pdf/qjae2_3_3.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2010. <q>But if we define anarchy as places without governments, and we define governments as the agencies with a legal right to impose violence on their subjects, then whatever else occurred in Haiti, Sudan, and Somalia, it wasn't anarchy. For there were well-organized gangs (e.g., governments) in each of these places, demanding tribute, and fighting others who made similar impositions. Absence of government means absence of government, whether well established ones, or fly-by-nights.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Austrian+Economics&rft.atitle=Review+Essay&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3+%28Fall%29&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Block&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fjournals%2Fqjae%2Fpdf%2Fqjae2_3_3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> Brian Morris, "Global Anti-Capitalism", pp. 170–176, Anarchist Studies, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 175. </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Sabatini" class="citation web cs1">Peter Sabatini. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/peter-sabatini-libertarianism-bogus-anarchy">"Libertarianism: Bogus Anarchy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190830212211/http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/peter-sabatini-libertarianism-bogus-anarchy">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Libertarianism%3A+Bogus+Anarchy&rft.au=Peter+Sabatini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheanarchistlibrary.org%2Flibrary%2Fpeter-sabatini-libertarianism-bogus-anarchy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> Bob Black (1992), "The Libertarian As Conservative", The Abolition of Work and Other Essays, p. 144 </li> <li id="cite_note-Libertarian_Alliance-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Libertarian_Alliance_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Libertarian_Alliance_165-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirch1998" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Birch_(writer)" title="Paul Birch (writer)">Birch, Paul</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libertarian.co.uk/lapubs/legan/legan028.pdf">"Anarcho-capitalism Dissolves into City States"</a> (PDF). Libertarian Alliance. Legal Notes. 28: 4. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0267-7083">0267-7083</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.libertarian.co.uk/lapubs/legan/legan028.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Libertarian+Alliance&rft.atitle=Anarcho-capitalism+Dissolves+into+City+States&rft.volume=28&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1998&rft.issn=0267-7083&rft.aulast=Birch&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.libertarian.co.uk%2Flapubs%2Flegan%2Flegan028.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-holcombe-166">^ <a href="#cite_ref-holcombe_166-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-holcombe_166-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolcombe" class="citation journal cs1">Holcombe, Randall G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_08_3_1_holcombe.pdf">"Government: Unnecessary but Inevitable"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/The_Independent_Review" title="The Independent Review">The Independent Review</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_08_3_1_holcombe.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent+Review&rft.atitle=Government%3A+Unnecessary+but+Inevitable&rft.aulast=Holcombe&rft.aufirst=Randall+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.org%2Fpdf%2Ftir%2Ftir_08_3_1_holcombe.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeltzer2000" class="citation book cs1">Meltzer, Albert (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anarchism00albe/page/50">Anarchism: Arguments For and Against</a>. <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anarchism00albe/page/50">50</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873176-57-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873176-57-3"><bdi>978-1-873176-57-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchism%3A+Arguments+For+and+Against&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-873176-57-3&rft.aulast=Meltzer&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanarchism00albe%2Fpage%2F50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> Jeffrey Paul, Fred Dycus Miller (1993). Liberalism and the Economic Order. Cambridge University Press. p. 115. </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> See Childs's incomplete essay, "Anarchist Illusions", Liberty against Power: Essays by Roy A. Childs, Jr., ed. Joan Kennedy Taylor (San Francisco: Fox 1994) 179–183. </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard2017" class="citation cs2">Rothbard, Murray (5 July 2017), "Robert Nozick and the Immaculate Conception of the State", Anarchy And the Law, Routledge, pp. 232–249, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315082349-12">10.4324/9781315082349-12</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-08234-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-08234-9"><bdi>978-1-315-08234-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anarchy+And+the+Law&rft.atitle=Robert+Nozick+and+the+Immaculate+Conception+of+the+State&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E232-%3C%2Fspan%3E249&rft.date=2017-07-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315082349-12&rft.isbn=978-1-315-08234-9&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> Jeffrey Paul, Fred Dycus Miller (1993). Liberalism and the Economic Order. Cambridge University Press. p. 118. </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllickson2017" class="citation journal cs1">Ellickson, Robert C. (26 January 2017). "A Hayekian Case Against Anarcho-Capitalism: Of Street Grids, Lighthouses, and Aid to the Destitute". Yale Law & Economics Research Paper No. 569. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2906383">2906383</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+Law+%26+Economics+Research+Paper+No.+569&rft.atitle=A+Hayekian+Case+Against+Anarcho-Capitalism%3A+Of+Street+Grids%2C+Lighthouses%2C+and+Aid+to+the+Destitute&rft.date=2017-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D2906383%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Ellickson&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFAQinfoshop-173"><a href="#cite_ref-AFAQinfoshop_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIain_McKay2010" class="citation web cs1">Iain McKay; et al. (21 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libcom.org/files/Iain%20McKay%20-%20Anarchist%20FAQ.pdf">"Section F – Are 'anarcho'-capitalists really anarchists?"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Infoshop.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Infoshop.org">Infoshop.org</a>. An Anarchist FAQ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://libcom.org/files/Iain%20McKay%20-%20Anarchist%20FAQ.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Infoshop.org&rft.atitle=Section+F+%E2%80%93+Are+%27anarcho%27-capitalists+really+anarchists%3F&rft.date=2010-01-21&rft.au=Iain+McKay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibcom.org%2Ffiles%2FIain%2520McKay%2520-%2520Anarchist%2520FAQ.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Fiala2017" class="citation web cs1">Andrew Fiala (3 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/anarchism/">"Anarchism"</a>. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200828210847/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/anarchism/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anarchism&rft.pub=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.date=2017-10-03&rft.au=Andrew+Fiala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fanarchism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_J._II_NocellaRichard_J._WhiteErika_Cudworth2015" class="citation book cs1">Anthony J. II Nocella; Richard J. White; Erika Cudworth (2015). Anarchism and Animal Liberation: Essays on Complementary Elements of Total Liberation. McFarland & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9457-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9457-6"><bdi>978-0-7864-9457-6</bdi></a>. <q>Anarchism is a socio-political theory which opposes all systems of domination and oppression such as racism, ableism, sexism, anti-LGBTTQIA, ageism, sizeism, government, competition, capitalism, colonialism, imperialism and punitive justice, and promotes direct democracy, collaboration, interdependence, mutual aid, diversity, peace, transformative justice and equity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchism+and+Animal+Liberation%3A+Essays+on+Complementary+Elements+of+Total+Liberation&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Co.&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-9457-6&rft.au=Anthony+J.+II+Nocella&rft.au=Richard+J.+White&rft.au=Erika+Cudworth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_McLaughlin2007" class="citation book cs1">Paul McLaughlin (2007). Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism. Ashgate Publishing Ltd. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-27614-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-27614-7"><bdi>978-1-138-27614-7</bdi></a>. <q>Thus, as David Miller puts it, capitalism is regarded by anarchists as 'both coercive [though this word may be too strong] [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>] and exploitative – it places workers in the power of their bosses, and fails to give them a just return for their contribution to production.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchism+and+Authority%3A+A+Philosophical+Introduction+to+Classical+Anarchism&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing+Ltd.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-138-27614-7&rft.au=Paul+McLaughlin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/17fi6l/i_am_david_graeber_an_anthropologist_activist/c850ma5?context=3">"I am David Graeber, an anthropologist, activist, anarchist and author of Debt. AMA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a>. 28 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001010021/https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/17fi6l/i_am_david_graeber_an_anthropologist_activist/c850ma5?context=3">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+am+David+Graeber%2C+an+anthropologist%2C+activist%2C+anarchist+and+author+of+Debt.+AMA.&rft.pub=Reddit&rft.date=2013-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2FIAmA%2Fcomments%2F17fi6l%2Fi_am_david_graeber_an_anthropologist_activist%2Fc850ma5%3Fcontext%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-marketfailure-178">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marketfailure_178-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-marketfailure_178-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">Friedman, David D.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Academic/mps_iceland_talk/Iceland%20MP%20talk.htm">"Market Failure: The Case for and Against Government"</a>. daviddfriedman.com. Do We Need a Government?. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415071540/http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Academic/mps_iceland_talk/Iceland%20MP%20talk.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=daviddfriedman.com&rft.atitle=Market+Failure%3A+The+Case+for+and+Against+Government&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=David+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daviddfriedman.com%2FAcademic%2Fmps_iceland_talk%2FIceland%2520MP%2520talk.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wendymcelroy-179"><a href="#cite_ref-wendymcelroy_179-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Wendy_McElroy" title="Wendy McElroy">McElroy, Wendy</a> (1995). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libertarian.co.uk/lapubs/libhe/libhe014.htm">Intellectual Property: The Late Nineteenth Century Libertarian Debate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210102150720/http://www.libertarian.co.uk/lapubs/libhe/libhe014.htm">Archived</a> 2 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Libertarian Heritage No. 14 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85637-281-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85637-281-2">1-85637-281-2</a>. Retrieved 24 June 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarry_Binswanger" class="citation web cs1">Harry Binswanger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200616152808/https://www.forbes.com/sites/harrybinswanger/2014/01/24/sorry-libertarian-anarchists-capitalism-requires-government-2/">"Sorry Libertarian Anarchists, Capitalism Requires Government"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/harrybinswanger/2014/01/24/sorry-libertarian-anarchists-capitalism-requires-government-2">the original</a> on 16 June 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Sorry+Libertarian+Anarchists%2C+Capitalism+Requires+Government&rft.au=Harry+Binswanger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fharrybinswanger%2F2014%2F01%2F24%2Fsorry-libertarian-anarchists-capitalism-requires-government-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> McKay, Iain. (2008/2012). An Anarchist FAQ-Appendix: Anarchism and "Anarcho"-capitalism. UK: AK Press. 2 What do “anarcho”-capitalists mean by “freedom”? <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://anarchism.pageabode.com/book/2-what-do-anarcho-capitalists-mean-by-freedom/">https://anarchism.pageabode.com/book/2-what-do-anarcho-capitalists-mean-by-freedom/</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L._Susan_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="L. Susan Brown">Brown, Susan Love</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b8XHahfS0VsC">"The Free Market as Salvation from Government: The Anarcho-Capitalist View"</a>. In Carrier, James G., ed. Meanings of the Market: The Free Market in Western Culture (illustrated ed.). Oxford: Berg Publishers. p. 99. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1859731499" title="Special:BookSources/978-1859731499">978-1859731499</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoherty2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Doherty_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Doherty (journalist)">Doherty, Brian</a> (2009). <a href="/wiki/Radicals_for_Capitalism" title="Radicals for Capitalism">Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement</a>. London: Hachette UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-3188-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-3188-6"><bdi>978-0-7867-3188-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radicals+for+Capitalism%3A+A+Freewheeling+History+of+the+Modern+American+Libertarian+Movement&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hachette+UK&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7867-3188-6&rft.aulast=Doherty&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-capitalism" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-capitalism&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Anarcho-capitalism" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Anarcho-capitalism">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ozarkia.net/bill/anarchism/faq.html">Anarcho-capitalist FAQ</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150618044952/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/">LewRockwell.com</a> – website run by <a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Lew Rockwell</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/">Mises Institute</a> – research and educational center of classical liberalism, including anarcho-capitalism, Austrian School of economics and American libertarian political theory</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://propertyandfreedom.org/">Property and Freedom Society</a> – international anarcho-capitalist society</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anarcho-capitalism145" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anarcho-capitalism" title="Template:Anarcho-capitalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anarcho-capitalism" title="Template talk:Anarcho-capitalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anarcho-capitalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anarcho-capitalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anarcho-capitalism145" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anarcho-capitalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_school_of_economics" title="Austrian school of economics">Austrian school of economics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marginalism" title="Marginalism">Marginalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">School of Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_theory_of_value" title="Subjective theory of value">Subjective theory of value</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Liberal_School" class="mw-redirect" title="French Liberal School">French Liberal School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">Homestead principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_theory_of_property" title="Labor theory of property">Labor theory of property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiocracy" title="Physiocracy">Physiocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Individualist anarchism in the United States">Individualist anarchism</a></li></ul></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism#Anarcho-capitalism_and_other_anarchist_schools" title="Anarcho-capitalism"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg/100px-Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg/150px-Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg/200px-Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">Civil rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_governance" title="Corporate governance">Corporate governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-economics" title="Counter-economics">Counter-economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departurism" title="Departurism">Departurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">Deregulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evictionism" title="Evictionism">Evictionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-market_roads" title="Free-market roads">Free-market roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_contract" title="Freedom of contract">Freedom of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_individualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurisdictional_arbitrage" title="Jurisdictional arbitrage">Jurisdictional arbitrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">Land tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">Non-aggression principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycentric_law" title="Polycentric law">Polycentric law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_defense_agency" title="Private defense agency">Private defense</a> (<a href="/wiki/Private_army" title="Private army">Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Private_military_company" title="Private military company">Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_private_military_contractors" title="List of private military contractors">list</a>), <a href="/wiki/Private_intelligence_agency" title="Private intelligence agency">Intelligence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Private_investigator" title="Private investigator">Investigator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Private_police" title="Private police">Police</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_private_security_companies" title="List of private security companies">Security</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propertarianism" title="Propertarianism">Propertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights_(economics)" title="Property rights (economics)">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Right to property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title-transfer_theory_of_contract" title="Title-transfer theory of contract">Title-transfer theory of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntaryism" title="Voluntaryism">Voluntaryism</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarcho-capitalists" title="Category:Anarcho-capitalists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_L._Benson" title="Bruce L. Benson">Bruce L. Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Block" title="Walter Block">Walter Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Caplan" title="Bryan Caplan">Bryan Caplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Casey_(philosopher)" title="Gerard Casey (philosopher)">Gerard Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_de_Jasay" title="Anthony de Jasay">Anthony de Jasay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">David D. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hans-Hermann Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Huemer" title="Michael Huemer">Michael Huemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Kinsella" title="Stephan Kinsella">Stephan Kinsella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Land" title="Nick Land">Nick Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Malice" title="Michael Malice">Michael Malice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Javier Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Murphy" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert P. Murphy">Robert P. Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_McElroy" title="Wendy McElroy">Wendy McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Lew Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Salerno" title="Joseph T. Salerno">Joseph Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Tucker" title="Jeffrey Tucker">Jeffrey Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Woods" title="Tom Woods">Tom Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin" title="Curtis Yarvin">Curtis Yarvin</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Market_for_Liberty" title="The Market for Liberty">The Market for Liberty</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Liberty" title="For a New Liberty">For a New Liberty</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Machinery_of_Freedom" title="The Machinery of Freedom">The Machinery of Freedom</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defending_the_Undefendable" title="Defending the Undefendable">Defending the Undefendable</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Liberty" title="The Ethics of Liberty">The Ethics of Liberty</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Serve_and_Protect_(book)" title="To Serve and Protect (book)">To Serve and Protect</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy:_The_God_That_Failed" title="Democracy: The God That Failed">Democracy: The God That Failed</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Rational_Voter" title="The Myth of the Rational Voter">The Myth of the Rational Voter</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Voluntary_City" title="The Voluntary City">The Voluntary City</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Problem_of_Political_Authority" title="The Problem of Political Authority">The Problem of Political Authority</a> (2012)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_abortion" title="Libertarian perspectives on abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_anarcho-capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and anarcho-capitalism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_capital_punishment" title="Libertarian perspectives on capital punishment">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_anarcho-capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of anarcho-capitalism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_foreign_intervention" title="Libertarian perspectives on foreign intervention">Foreign affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_immigration" title="Libertarian perspectives on immigration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_tax_in_the_United_States#Debate" title="Estate tax in the United States">Inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property" title="Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debates_within_libertarianism" title="Debates within libertarianism">Internal debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_LGBT_rights" title="Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism_and_minarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism">Minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism_and_libertarianism" title="Objectivism and libertarianism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libertarian_political_parties" title="List of libertarian political parties">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_political_alliances" title="Libertarian perspectives on political alliances">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_theories_of_law" title="Libertarian theories of law">Theories of law</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Agorism">Agorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-libertarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleo-libertarianism">Paleo-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Libertarianism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarcho-capitalism" title="Category:Anarcho-capitalism">Category</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarianism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarianism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Libertarianism366" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anarchism" title="History of anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_liberalism" title="History of liberalism">Liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radicalism_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicalism (historical)">radical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Libertarian capitalism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anarcho-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_libertarianism" title="Christian libertarianism">Christian libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Conservative libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consequentialist_libertarianism" title="Consequentialist libertarianism">Consequentialist libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_transhumanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian transhumanism">Libertarian transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-watchman_state" title="Night-watchman state">Minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural-rights_libertarianism" title="Natural-rights libertarianism">Natural-rights libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-classical_liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-classical liberalism">Neo-classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_liberalism" title="Neoclassical liberalism">Bleeding-heart libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propertarianism" title="Propertarianism">Propertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntaryism" title="Voluntaryism">Voluntaryism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">collectivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">free-market</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Agorism">agorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">individualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian communism">libertarian communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">philosophical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho_syndicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho syndicalism">syndicalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Marxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Marxism">Libertarian Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstention" title="Abstention">Abstention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_freedom" title="Academic freedom">Academic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age-of-consent_reform" title="Age-of-consent reform">Age-of-consent reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Antimilitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_freedom" title="Artistic freedom">Artistic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_liberty" title="Cognitive liberty">Cognitive liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-economics" title="Counter-economics">Counter-economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-anarchism">Crypto-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_sex_work" title="Decriminalization of sex work">Decriminalization of sex work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departurism" title="Departurism">Departurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_liberalization" title="Drug liberalization">Drug liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evictionism" title="Evictionism">Evictionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expropriative_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Expropriative anarchism">Expropriative anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism#Federalism_and_localism_in_anarchist_political_theory" title="Federalism">Federalism (anarchist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_(Marxism_and_anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free association (Marxism and anarchism)">Free association (Marxism and anarchism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-market_environmentalism" title="Free-market environmentalism">Free-market environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">Freedom of movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">Freedom of assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association#Libertarian" title="Freedom of association">Freedom of association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_choice" title="Freedom of choice">Freedom of choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_conscience" title="Freedom of conscience">Freedom of conscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_contract" title="Freedom of contract">Freedom of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_information" title="Freedom of information">Freedom of information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_thought" title="Freedom of thought">Freedom of thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">Homestead principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">Individualist feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_reclamation" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual reclamation">Individual reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_(metaphysics)" title="Libertarianism (metaphysics)">Libertarianism (metaphysics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural rights and legal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-watchman_state" title="Night-watchman state">Night-watchman state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">Non-aggression principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">Non-interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">Reproductive rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_die" title="Right to die">Right to die</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_privacy" title="Right to privacy">Right to privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sexuality" title="Right to sexuality">Right to sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">Self-governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_tax" title="Single tax">Single tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateless_society" title="Stateless society">Stateless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">Tax resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_society" title="Voluntary society">Voluntary society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Left-wing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D%C3%A9jacque" title="Joseph Déjacque">Déjacque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Daniel Guérin">Guérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodgskin" title="Thomas Hodgskin">Hodgskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Right-wing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Block" title="Walter Block">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Brennan" title="Jason Brennan">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">D. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">M. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Friedman" title="Rose Friedman">R. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberon_Herbert" title="Auberon Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_Jillette" title="Penn Jillette">Jillette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Kinsella" title="Stephan Kinsella">Kinsella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Korwin-Mikke" title="Janusz Korwin-Mikke">Korwin-Mikke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Wilder_Lane" title="Rose Wilder Lane">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">von Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_de_Molinari" title="Gustave de Molinari">de Molinari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Jay_Nock" title="Albert Jay Nock">Nock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Paterson" title="Isabel Paterson">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Read" title="Leonard Read">Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Simon" title="Julian Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stossel" title="John Stossel">Stossel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hess" title="Karl Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Edward_Konkin_III" title="Samuel Edward Konkin III">Konkin III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_La_Bo%C3%A9tie" title="Étienne de La Boétie">de La Boétie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_McElroy" title="Wendy McElroy">McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Szasz" title="Thomas Szasz">Szasz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Farage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jorgensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Korwin-Mikke" title="Janusz Korwin-Mikke">Korwin-Mikke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Sarwark" title="Nicholas Sarwark">Sarwark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_abortion" title="Libertarian perspectives on abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_affirmative_action" title="Libertarian perspectives on affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism_and_minarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism">Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_capital_punishment" title="Libertarian perspectives on capital punishment">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_libertarianism" title="Criticism of libertarianism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_foreign_intervention" title="Libertarian perspectives on foreign intervention">Foreign intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_immigration" title="Libertarian perspectives on immigration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property" title="Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debates_within_libertarianism" title="Debates within libertarianism">Internal debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_LGBT_rights" title="Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism_and_libertarianism" title="Objectivism and libertarianism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_political_alliances" title="Libertarian perspectives on political alliances">Political alliances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libertarian_political_parties" title="List of libertarian political parties">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_theories_of_law" title="Libertarian theories of law">Theories of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_War_on_Drugs" title="Legality of the War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged" title="Atlas Shrugged">Atlas Shrugged</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Market_for_Liberty" title="The Market for Liberty">The Market for Liberty</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Liberty" title="For a New Liberty">For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law,_Legislation_and_Liberty" title="Law, Legislation and Liberty">Law, Legislation and Liberty</a> (1973–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy,_State,_and_Utopia" title="Anarchy, State, and Utopia">Anarchy, State, and Utopia</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_to_Choose" title="Free to Choose">Free to Choose</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-collectivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-collectivism">Anti-collectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_socialism" title="Criticism of socialism">Anti-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austro-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Libertarian_Studies" title="Center for Libertarian Studies">Center for Libertarian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_libertarianism" title="Civil libertarianism">Civil libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">Cultural liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_on_the_land_movement" title="Freeman on the land movement">Freeman on the land movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geolibertarianism" title="Geolibertarianism">Geolibertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_libertarianism" title="Green libertarianism">Green libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Democrat" title="Libertarian Democrat">Libertarian Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Republican" title="Libertarian Republican">Libertarian Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">Libertarian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_South_Africa" title="Libertarianism in South Africa">Libertarianism in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Libertarianism in the United Kingdom">Libertarianism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Libertarianism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_choice" title="Public choice">Public choice theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Small government">Small government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_citizen_movement" title="Sovereign citizen movement">Sovereign citizen movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technolibertarianism" title="Technolibertarianism">Technolibertarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/28px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/42px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/56px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="647" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Libertarianism" title="Portal:Libertarianism">Libertarianism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_libertarianism" title="Outline of libertarianism">Outline of libertarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Murray_Rothbard37" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Murray_Rothbard" title="Template:Murray Rothbard"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Murray_Rothbard" title="Template talk:Murray Rothbard"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Murray_Rothbard" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Murray Rothbard"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Murray_Rothbard37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray Rothbard</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man,_Economy,_and_State" title="Man, Economy, and State">Man, Economy, and State</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Panic_of_1819_(book)" title="The Panic of 1819 (book)">The Panic of 1819</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Great_Depression" title="America's Great Depression">America's Great Depression</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/What_Has_Government_Done_to_Our_Money%3F" title="What Has Government Done to Our Money?">What Has Government Done to Our Money?</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_and_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Power and Market">Power and Market</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Liberty" title="For a New Liberty">For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism_as_a_Revolt_Against_Nature_and_Other_Essays" title="Egalitarianism as a Revolt Against Nature and Other Essays">Egalitarianism as a Revolt Against Nature and Other Essays</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceived_in_Liberty" title="Conceived in Liberty">Conceived in Liberty</a> (1975–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Liberty" title="The Ethics of Liberty">The Ethics of Liberty</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mystery_of_Banking" title="The Mystery of Banking">The Mystery of Banking</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case_Against_the_Fed" title="The Case Against the Fed">The Case Against the Fed</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Austrian_Perspective_on_the_History_of_Economic_Thought" title="An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought">An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Money_and_Banking_in_the_United_States" title="A History of Money and Banking in the United States">A History of Money and Banking in the United States</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Libertarian_Forum" title="The Libertarian Forum">The Complete Libertarian Forum</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_and_Right:_A_Journal_of_Libertarian_Thought" title="Left and Right: A Journal of Libertarian Thought">Left and Right: A Journal of Libertarian Thought (Complete, 1965–1968)</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Betrayal_of_the_American_Right" title="The Betrayal of the American Right">The Betrayal of the American Right</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anarcho-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Libertarian_Studies" title="Center for Libertarian Studies">Center for Libertarian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Libertarian_Forum" title="The Libertarian Forum">The Libertarian Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Review_of_Austrian_Economics" title="The Review of Austrian Economics">The Review of Austrian Economics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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