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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Chemistry</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Chemistry subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Polyphenols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polyphenols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Polyphenols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polyphenols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Varieties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Varieties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fruit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fruit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Fruit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fruit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Palm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balsamic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balsamic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Balsamic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balsamic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Cane</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Grains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spirits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spirits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Spirits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spirits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culinary_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culinary uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culinary_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culinary uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culinary_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beverages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beverages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Beverages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beverages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diet_and_metabolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet_and_metabolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Diet and metabolism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet_and_metabolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-culinary_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-culinary_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Non-culinary uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Non-culinary_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Non-culinary uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Non-culinary_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Folk_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Folk medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folk_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cleaning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cleaning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Cleaning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cleaning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Herbicide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herbicide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Herbicide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herbicide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions,_byproducts_and_contaminants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions,_byproducts_and_contaminants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Reactions, byproducts and contaminants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions,_byproducts_and_contaminants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Regulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vinegar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 106 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">106 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asyn" title="Asyn – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Asyn" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86ced" title="Æced – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Æced" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84" title="خل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinagre" title="Vinagre – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vinagre" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9A%DC%A0%DC%90_(%DC%9A%DC%A1%DC%AA%DC%90)" title="ܚܠܐ (ܚܡܪܐ) – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܚܠܐ (ܚܡܪܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%AD" title="Քացախ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Քացախ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusc%C3%A2" title="Puscâ – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Puscâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin%C3%A9gro" title="Vinégro – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Vinégro" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinagre" title="Vinagre – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vinagre" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirk%C9%99" title="Sirkə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sirkə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ভিনেগার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভিনেগার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Chhò͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Воцат – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Воцат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Воцат – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Воцат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suka" title="Suka – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Suka" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Оцет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Оцет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwin%C3%AAgr" title="Gwinêgr – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwinêgr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinagre" title="Vinagre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vinagre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocet" title="Ocet – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ocet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finegr" title="Finegr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Finegr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vineddike" title="Vineddike – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vineddike" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essig" title="Essig – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Essig" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84%C3%A4dikas" title="Äädikas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Äädikas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9E%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9" title="Ξίδι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ξίδι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%C3%A9" title="Asé – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Asé" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinagre" title="Vinagre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vinagre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinagro" title="Vinagro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vinagro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozpin" title="Ozpin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ozpin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%87" title="سرکه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرکه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinaigre" title="Vinaigre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vinaigre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jittik" title="Jittik – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jittik" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADn%C3%A9agar" title="Fínéagar – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fínéagar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinagre" title="Vinagre – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vinagre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7" title="Къанз – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Къанз" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EC%B4%88" title="식초 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="식초" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%AD" title="Քացախ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քացախ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="सिरका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिरका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocat" title="Ocat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ocat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinagro" title="Vinagro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vinagro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuka_(bumbu_masak)" title="Cuka (bumbu masak) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cuka (bumbu masak)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edik" title="Edik – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Edik" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceto" title="Aceto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aceto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A5" title="חומץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuka" title="Cuka – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cuka" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ವಿನಿಗರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿನಿಗರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%94%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%81%D9%95" title="سٔرکہٕ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سٔرکہٕ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Сірке суы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сірке суы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetum" title="Acetum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Acetum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eti%C4%B7is" title="Etiķis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Etiķis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actas" title="Actas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Actas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aek" title="Aek – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asee" title="Asee – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Asee" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinaingitra" title="Vinaingitra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vinaingitra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="വിനാഗിരി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിനാഗിരി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84" title="خل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuka" title="Cuka – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cuka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B3" title="Chó – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chó" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81" title="Уксус – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уксус" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA" title="ပုန်းရည် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပုန်းရည်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azijn" title="Azijn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Azijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edik" title="Edik – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Edik" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="सिरका – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सिरका" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%A2" title="酢 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="酢" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acito" title="Acito – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Acito" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddik" title="Eddik – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eddik" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddik" title="Eddik – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Eddik" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinagre" title="Vinagre – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vinagre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirka" title="Sirka – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sirka" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਸਿਰਕਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿਰਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%90%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="سِرکا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سِرکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocet" title="Ocet – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ocet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinagre" title="Vinagre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vinagre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C8%9Bet" title="Oțet – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oțet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mama_aqha" title="Mama aqha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mama aqha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81" title="Уксус – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уксус" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D1%83%D1%81" title="Уксуус – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Уксуус" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uthulla" title="Uthulla – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Uthulla" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acitu" title="Acitu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Acitu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92" title="විනාකිරි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විනාකිරි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vinegar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocot" title="Ocot – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ocot" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kis" title="Kis – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khal" title="Khal – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Khal" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%9B%D0%B5" title="Сирће – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сирће" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocat" title="Ocat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ocat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuka" title="Cuka – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Cuka" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etikka" title="Etikka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin%C3%A4ger" title="Vinäger – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vinäger" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suka_(pagkain)" title="Suka (pagkain) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Suka (pagkain)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="புளிங்காடி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புளிங்காடி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ama%C9%A3us" title="Amaɣus – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Amaɣus" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B9" title="น้ำส้มสายชู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำส้มสายชู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" 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class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eguilles_20110828_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Eguilles_20110828_14.jpg/290px-Eguilles_20110828_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Eguilles_20110828_14.jpg/435px-Eguilles_20110828_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Eguilles_20110828_14.jpg/580px-Eguilles_20110828_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A variety of flavored vinegars, for culinary use, on sale in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Vinegar</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Old_French_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old French language">Old French</a> <i> vyn egre</i> 'sour <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>') is an <a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">aqueous solution</a> of <a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">acetic acid</a> and trace compounds that may include <a href="/wiki/Flavorings" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavorings">flavorings</a>. Vinegar typically contains from 5% to 18% acetic acid by volume.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usually, the acetic acid is produced by a double <a href="/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation">fermentation</a>, converting simple <a href="/wiki/Sugars" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugars">sugars</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> using yeast and ethanol to acetic acid using <a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid_bacteria" title="Acetic acid bacteria">acetic acid bacteria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many types of vinegar are made, depending on source materials. The product is now mainly used in the <a href="/wiki/Culinary_arts" title="Culinary arts">culinary arts</a> as a flavorful, acidic <a href="/wiki/Cooking_ingredient" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooking ingredient">cooking ingredient</a> or in <a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">pickling</a>. Various types are used as <a href="/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment">condiments</a> or garnishes, including <a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar" title="Balsamic vinegar">balsamic vinegar</a> and <a href="#Grains">malt vinegar</a>. </p><p>As the most easily manufactured mild <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acid</a>, it has a wide variety of industrial and domestic uses, including functioning as a <a href="/wiki/Cleaning_agent" title="Cleaning agent">household cleaner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-harvard_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvard-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiener_Essigbrauerei_40.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiener_Essigbrauerei_40.JPG/220px-Wiener_Essigbrauerei_40.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiener_Essigbrauerei_40.JPG/330px-Wiener_Essigbrauerei_40.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiener_Essigbrauerei_40.JPG/440px-Wiener_Essigbrauerei_40.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Fast <a href="/wiki/Aerobic_fermentation" title="Aerobic fermentation">aerobic fermentation</a> stainless steel vessels</figcaption></figure> <p>The word "vinegar" arrived in <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> from <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> (<i>vyn egre</i>; sour wine), which in turn derives from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">vīnum</i></span> (wine) + <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ācre</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Neuter_gender" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuter gender">neuter gender</a> of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ācer</i></span>, sour).<sup id="cite_ref-harvard_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvard-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vinegar was formerly also called <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eisel" class="extiw" title="wikt:eisel">eisel</a>. </p><p>The word "acetic" derives from Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">acētum</i></span> (vinegar, or more properly <i>vinum acetum</i>: "wine turned sour").<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While vinegar making may be as old as <a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">brewing</a>, the first documented evidence of vinegar making and use was by the ancient <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonians</a> around 3000 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-bourg_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bourg-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They primarily made vinegar from dates, figs, and beer and used it for both culinary and medicinal purposes. Traces of it also have been found in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a> <a href="/wiki/Urn" title="Urn">urns</a>. In East Asia, the Chinese began professionalizing vinegar production in the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith-2019_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book <i><a href="/wiki/Rites_of_Zhou" title="Rites of Zhou">Zhou Li</a></i> mentions that many noble or royal households had a "vinegar maker" as a specialized occupation. Most vinegar-making then was concentrated in what is now <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi province</a> near the city of <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a>, which remains a famous vinegar-making region today. Many Chinese kinds of vinegar and their uses for culinary and medicinal purposes were written down in the agricultural manual <i><a href="/wiki/Qimin_Yaoshu" title="Qimin Yaoshu">Qimin Yaoshu</a></i> (齊民要術).<sup id="cite_ref-Smith-2019_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Greeks and Romans frequently used vinegar made from wine. The Spartans had vinegar as a part of their traditional <a href="/wiki/Blood_soup" title="Blood soup">blood soup</a> <a href="/wiki/Black_soup" title="Black soup"><i>melas zomos</i></a>; in addition to flavoring the broth, the acidity of the vinegar prevented the blood from coagulating (a purpose for which vinegar is still used in modern blood soups around the world). The Roman <a href="/wiki/Columella" title="Columella">Columella</a> described the ingredients and process for making several types of vinegar in his work <i>Res Rustica</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith-2019_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late Middle Ages, vinegar making was slowly being professionalized in Europe, with the French city of <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> becoming particularly famous for the quality of its vinegar through a formalized fermentation and aging process, which became known as the Orléans process.<sup id="cite_ref-bourg_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bourg-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith-2019_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, <a href="/wiki/Malt" title="Malt">malt</a> vinegar also began to develop in England, where it was first known as <i>alegar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Balsamic vinegar also began its evolution in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio" title="Duchy of Modena and Reggio">Duchy of Modena</a> in Italy, though it would not become widely known until the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> after being sold abroad by French troops.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 19th century, vinegar production underwent many dramatic changes, such as rapid industrialization and scientific analysis. Karl Sebastian Schüzenbach invented the first large-scale industrial process for vinegar production in the <a href="/wiki/Baden" title="Baden">Kingdom of Baden</a> in 1823.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith-2019_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Known as the packed generator, it circulated alcohol over <a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">beechwood</a> shavings to reduce fermentation times from several months down to 1–2 weeks. This process also facilitated the rise of vinegar made from pure alcohol called spirit vinegar or distilled white vinegar. Japan also began industrializing vinegar production during the last days of the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a>, when Matazaemon Nakano, a man from a traditional <a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">sake</a> brewing family, discovered that sake <a href="/wiki/Lees_(fermentation)" title="Lees (fermentation)">lees</a> could be used to make rice vinegar. This helped provide ample vinegar for the burgeoning popularity of <a href="/wiki/Sushi" title="Sushi">sushi</a> in Japan. The company he founded, now known as <a href="/wiki/Mizkan" title="Mizkan">Mizkan</a>, is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Handa,_Aichi" title="Handa, Aichi">Handa</a> (near Nagoya) and is the largest vinegar producer in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith-2019_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, vinegar fermentation became understood as a natural and biological process. <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a> made the decisive discovery that a special type of bacteria, later known as <a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid_bacteria" title="Acetic acid bacteria">acetic acid bacteria</a>, was the agent of fermentation for vinegar production.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 20th century, vinegar production was again revolutionized by the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_fermentation" title="Solid-state fermentation">submerged fermentation process</a> that cut production times down to 1–2 days.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allowed the mass production of cheap vinegar around the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The conversion of <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>OH</span>) and <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>) to <a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">acetic acid</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>COOH</span>) takes place by the following reaction:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3CH2OH + O2 -> CH3COOH + H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>COOH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3CH2OH + O2 -> CH3COOH + H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a85b4c74fb11f2c78ce783bad38436ff168bc5da" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:42.259ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3CH2OH + O2 -> CH3COOH + H2O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polyphenols">Polyphenols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Polyphenols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vinegar contains numerous <a href="/wiki/Flavonoid" title="Flavonoid">flavonoids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phenolic_acid" title="Phenolic acid">phenolic acids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aldehyde" title="Aldehyde">aldehydes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which vary in content depending on the source material used to make the vinegar, such as <a href="/wiki/Orange_peel" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange peel">orange peel</a> or various <a href="/wiki/Fruit_juice_concentrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit juice concentrate">fruit juice concentrates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid#Production" title="Acetic acid">Acetic acid § Production</a></div> <p>Commercial vinegar is produced either by a fast or a slow fermentation process. In general, slow methods are used in traditional vinegars, where fermentation proceeds over the course of a few months to a year. The longer fermentation period allows for the accumulation of a nontoxic slime composed of acetic acid bacteria and their cellulose <a href="/wiki/Biofilm" title="Biofilm">biofilm</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Mother_of_vinegar" title="Mother of vinegar">mother of vinegar</a>. </p><p>Fast methods add the aforementioned mother of vinegar as a <a href="/wiki/Bacterial_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterial culture">bacterial culture</a> to the source liquid before adding air to oxygenate and promote the fastest fermentation. In fast production processes, vinegar may be produced in 1–3 days. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The source materials for making vinegar are varied – different fruits, grains, <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcoholic beverages</a>, and other fermentable materials are used.<sup id="cite_ref-harvard_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvard-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fruit">Fruit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fruit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raisinvinegar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Raisinvinegar.jpg/170px-Raisinvinegar.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Raisinvinegar.jpg/255px-Raisinvinegar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Raisinvinegar.jpg/340px-Raisinvinegar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1458" data-file-height="1915" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">Raisin</a> vinegar</figcaption></figure><p> Fruit vinegars are made from <a href="/wiki/Fruit_wine" title="Fruit wine">fruit wines</a>, usually without any additional flavoring. Common flavors of fruit vinegar include <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackcurrant" title="Blackcurrant">blackcurrant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">raspberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quince" title="Quince">quince</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomato</a>. Typically, the flavors of the original fruits remain in the final product. Most fruit vinegars are produced in Europe, where a market exists for high-priced vinegars made solely from specific fruits (as opposed to nonfruit vinegars that are infused with fruits or fruit flavors).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several varieties are produced in Asia. <a href="/wiki/Persimmon_vinegar" title="Persimmon vinegar">Persimmon vinegar</a>, called <i>gam sikcho</i>, is common in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jujube" title="Jujube">Jujube</a> vinegar, called <i>zaocu</i> or <i>hongzaocu</i>, and <a href="/wiki/Goji" title="Goji">wolfberry</a> vinegar are produced in China.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Persimmonvinegar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Persimmonvinegar.jpg/170px-Persimmonvinegar.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Persimmonvinegar.jpg/255px-Persimmonvinegar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Persimmonvinegar.jpg/340px-Persimmonvinegar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1458" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Persimmon" title="Persimmon">Persimmon</a> vinegar produced in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Apple_cider_vinegar" title="Apple cider vinegar">Apple cider vinegar</a> is made from <a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">cider</a> or apple <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a>, and has a brownish-gold color. It is sometimes sold <a href="/wiki/Filtration" title="Filtration">unfiltered</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pasteurization" title="Pasteurization">unpasteurized</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Mother_of_vinegar" title="Mother of vinegar">mother of vinegar</a> present. It can be diluted with fruit juice or water or sweetened (usually with honey) for consumption. </p><p>A byproduct of commercial <a href="/wiki/Kiwifruit" title="Kiwifruit">kiwifruit</a> growing is a large amount of waste in the form of <a href="/wiki/Unusually_shaped_vegetable" class="mw-redirect" title="Unusually shaped vegetable">misshapen or otherwise-rejected fruit</a> (which may constitute up to 30% of the crop) and kiwifruit <a href="/wiki/Pomace" title="Pomace">pomace</a>. One of the uses for pomace is the production of kiwifruit vinegar, produced commercially in New Zealand since at least the early 1990s, and in China in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vinegar made from <a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">raisins</a> is used in cuisines of the Middle East. It is cloudy and medium brown in color, with a mild flavor. Vinegar made from <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix dactylifera">dates</a> is a traditional product of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, and used in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arabian_cuisine" title="Eastern Arabian cuisine">Eastern Arabia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palm">Palm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Palm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coconut_Vinegar_(8681608491).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Coconut_Vinegar_%288681608491%29.jpg/150px-Coconut_Vinegar_%288681608491%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Coconut_Vinegar_%288681608491%29.jpg/225px-Coconut_Vinegar_%288681608491%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Coconut_Vinegar_%288681608491%29.jpg/300px-Coconut_Vinegar_%288681608491%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Coconut vinegar from the Philippines</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a> vinegar, made from fermented coconut sap or <a href="/wiki/Coconut_water" title="Coconut water">coconut water</a>, is used extensively in Southeast Asian cuisine (notably the Philippines, where it is known as <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sukang_tuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sukang tuba (page does not exist)">sukang tuba</a></i>), as well as in some cuisines of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Goan_cuisine" title="Goan cuisine">Goan cuisine</a>. A cloudy, white liquid, it has a particularly sharp, acidic taste with a slightly yeasty note.<sup id="cite_ref-polistico_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polistico-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Philippines, other types of vinegar are made from palm sap. Like coconut vinegar, they are by-products of <i><a href="/wiki/Tub%C3%A2" title="Tubâ">tubâ</a></i> (palm wine) production. Two of the most widely produced are <a href="/wiki/Nipa_palm_vinegar" title="Nipa palm vinegar">nipa palm vinegar</a> (<i>sukang nipa</i> or <i>sukang sasa</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Kaong_palm_vinegar" title="Kaong palm vinegar">kaong palm vinegar</a> (<i>sukang kaong</i> or <i>sukang irok</i>). Along with coconut and cane vinegar, they are the four main traditional vinegar types in the Philippines and are an important part of <a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino cuisine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hosking_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hosking-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nipa palm vinegar is made from the sap of the leaf stalks of <a href="/wiki/Nipa_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipa palm">nipa palm</a>. Its flavor has notes of citrus and imparts a distinctly musky aroma.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-polistico_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polistico-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaong palm vinegar is made from the sap of flower stalks of the <a href="/wiki/Kaong_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaong palm">kaong palm</a>. It is sweeter than all the other Philippine vinegar types and is commonly used in salad dressing.<sup id="cite_ref-hosking_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hosking-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vinegar from the <a href="/wiki/Corypha" title="Corypha">buri palm</a> sap is also produced, but not with the same prevalence as coconut, nipa, and kaong vinegars.<sup id="cite_ref-dagoon_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dagoon-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaong palm vinegar is also produced in Indonesia and Malaysia, though it is not as prevalent as in the Philippines because the palm wine industry is not as widespread in these Muslim-majority countries.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Clove_Garden_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clove_Garden-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Balsamic">Balsamic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Balsamic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Balsamic_Vinegar" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Balsamic Vinegar">Traditional Balsamic Vinegar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar" title="Balsamic vinegar">Balsamic vinegar</a></div> <p>Balsamic vinegar is an aromatic, aged vinegar produced in the <a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reggio_Emilia" title="Reggio Emilia">Reggio Emilia</a> provinces of Italy. The original product — traditional balsamic vinegar — is made from the concentrated juice, or <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a>, of white <a href="/wiki/Trebbiano" title="Trebbiano">Trebbiano</a> grapes. It is dark brown, rich, sweet, and complex, with the finest grades being aged in successive casks made variously of oak, mulberry, chestnut, cherry, juniper, and ash wood. Originally a costly product available to only the Italian upper classes, traditional balsamic vinegar is marked <i>tradizionale</i> or "DOC" to denote its <a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">protected designation of origin</a> status, and is aged for 12 to 25 years. A cheaper non-DOC commercial form described as <i>aceto balsamico di Modena</i> (balsamic vinegar of Modena)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> became widely known and available around the world in the late 20th century, typically made with concentrated grape juice mixed with a strong vinegar, then coloured and slightly sweetened with caramel and sugar. </p><p>Balsamic vinegar is made from a <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grape</a> product. It contains no <a href="/wiki/Balsam" title="Balsam">balsam</a>, though was traditionally aged in balsam as one of the steps. A high acidity level is somewhat hidden by the sweetness of the other ingredients, making it mellow. In terms of its nutrition content, balsamic vinegar contains the carbohydrates of grape sugars (some 17% of total composition), making it some five times higher in caloric content than typical distilled or wine vinegar.<sup id="cite_ref-ndbal_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ndbal-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cane">Cane</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cane"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vinegar made from <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane_juice" title="Sugarcane juice">sugarcane juice</a> is traditional to and is most popular in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, in particular in the northern <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region</a> (where it is called <i>sukang Iloko</i> or <i>sukang <a href="/wiki/Basi" title="Basi">basi</a></i>). It ranges from dark yellow to golden brown in color, and has a mellow flavor, similar in some respects to rice vinegar, though with a somewhat "fresher" taste. Because it contains no residual sugar, it is no sweeter than any other vinegar. In the Philippines, it often is labeled as <i>sukang maasim</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> for "sour vinegar"). </p><p>Cane vinegars from Ilocos are made in two different ways. One way is to simply place sugar cane juice in large jars; it becomes sour by the direct action of bacteria on the sugar. The other way is through fermentation to produce a traditional wine known as <i><a href="/wiki/Basi" title="Basi">basi</a></i>. Low-quality <i>basi</i> is then allowed to undergo acetic acid fermentation that converts alcohol into acetic acid. Contaminated <i>basi</i> also becomes vinegar. </p><p>Cane vinegar is also produced in other countries, like France and the United States. A white variation has become quite popular in Brazil in recent years, where it is the cheapest type of vinegar sold. It is now common for other types of vinegar (made from wine, rice, and apple cider) to be sold mixed with cane vinegar to lower the cost.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Sugarcane <i>sirka</i> is made from sugarcane juice in parts of northern India. During summer, people put cane juice in earthenware pots with iron nails. The fermentation takes place due to the action of wild yeast. The cane juice is converted to vinegar having a blackish color (from ferrous oxide and acetate). The <i>sirka</i> is used to preserve pickles and for flavoring curries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grains">Grains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Grains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Malt"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Malt</span></span> vinegar made from <a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">ale</a>, also called "alegar",<sup id="cite_ref-od_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is made by <a href="/wiki/Malting" title="Malting">malting</a> <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, causing the starch in the grain to turn to <a href="/wiki/Maltose" title="Maltose">maltose</a>. Then an ale is <a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">brewed</a> from the maltose and allowed to turn into vinegar, which is then aged.<sup id="cite_ref-od_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is typically light-brown in color. Malt vinegar (along with salt) is a traditional seasoning for <a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">fish and chips</a>, and in the United Kingdom and Canada, a popular seasoning for <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">French fries</a> in general. Some fish and chip shops replace it with <a href="/wiki/Non-brewed_condiment" title="Non-brewed condiment">non-brewed condiment</a>. Salt and vinegar are combined as a common, traditional flavouring for <a href="/wiki/Potato_chip" title="Potato chip">crisps</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wacky_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wacky-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Flavour_variety_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flavour_variety-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in some varieties this involves the conversion of the vinegar to <a href="/wiki/Sodium_acetate" title="Sodium acetate">sodium acetate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sodium_diacetate" title="Sodium diacetate">sodium diacetate</a>, to avoid dampening the product in manufacture.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%BB%92%E9%85%A2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%E9%BB%92%E9%85%A2.jpg/170px-%E9%BB%92%E9%85%A2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%E9%BB%92%E9%85%A2.jpg/255px-%E9%BB%92%E9%85%A2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%E9%BB%92%E9%85%A2.jpg/340px-%E9%BB%92%E9%85%A2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="691" /></a><figcaption>Chinese <a href="/wiki/Black_vinegar" title="Black vinegar">black vinegar</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Chinese <a href="/wiki/Black_vinegar" title="Black vinegar">black vinegar</a> is an aged product made from <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a>, or a combination thereof. It has an inky black color and a complex, malty flavor. The recipe is not fixed, so some Chinese black vinegars may contain <a href="/wiki/Added_sugar" title="Added sugar">added sugar</a>, spices, or caramel color. The most popular variety, <a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang_vinegar" title="Zhenjiang vinegar">Zhenjiang vinegar</a>, originates in the city of <a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangsu Province">Jiangsu Province</a>, eastern China.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanxi mature vinegar is another popular type of Chinese vinegar that is made exclusively from sorghum and other grains. Nowadays in Shanxi province, some traditional vinegar workshops still produce handmade vinegar with a high acidity that is aged for at least five years. Only the vinegars made in Taiyuan and some counties in Jinzhong and aged for at least three years are considered authentic Shanxi mature vinegar according to the latest national standard. A somewhat lighter form of black vinegar, made from rice, is produced in Japan, where it is called <i>kurozu</i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rice_vinegar" title="Rice vinegar">Rice vinegar</a> is most popular in the cuisines of East and Southeast Asia. It is available in "white" (light yellow), red, and black varieties. The Japanese prefer a light rice vinegar for the preparation of <a href="/wiki/Sushi_rice" class="mw-redirect" title="Sushi rice">sushi rice</a> and salad dressings. Red rice vinegar traditionally is colored with <a href="/wiki/Red_yeast_rice" title="Red yeast rice">red yeast rice</a>. Black rice vinegar (made with black glutinous rice) is most popular in China, and it is also widely used in other East Asian countries. White rice vinegar has a mild acidity with a somewhat "flat" and uncomplex flavor. Some varieties of rice vinegar are sweetened or otherwise seasoned with spices or other added flavorings. <span class="anchor" id="Spirit"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spirits">Spirits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Spirits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherryvinegar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sherryvinegar.jpg/170px-Sherryvinegar.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sherryvinegar.jpg/255px-Sherryvinegar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sherryvinegar.jpg/340px-Sherryvinegar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1866" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sherry_vinegar" title="Sherry vinegar">Sherry vinegar</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The term "spirit vinegar" is sometimes reserved for the stronger variety (5% to 24%<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> acetic acid) made from sugar cane or chemically produced acetic acid.<sup id="cite_ref-sinclair_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sinclair-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To be called "spirit vinegar", the product must come from an agricultural source and must be made by "double fermentation". The first fermentation is sugar to alcohol, and the second is alcohol to acetic acid. Products made from synthetically produced acetic acid cannot be called "vinegar" in the UK, where the term allowed is "<a href="/wiki/Non-brewed_condiment" title="Non-brewed condiment">non-brewed condiment</a>". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sherry_vinegar" title="Sherry vinegar">Sherry vinegar</a> is linked to the production of <a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">sherry</a> wines of <a href="/wiki/Jerez" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerez">Jerez</a>. Dark mahogany in color, it is made exclusively from the acetic fermentation of wines. It is concentrated and has generous aromas, including a note of wood, ideal for vinaigrettes and flavoring various foods.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Wine vinegar</b> is made from red or white wine, and is the most commonly used vinegar in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. As with wine, the range in quality is considerable. Better-quality wine vinegars are matured in wood for up to two years, and exhibit a complex, mellow flavor. Wine vinegar tends to have a lower acidity than white or cider vinegar. More expensive wine vinegars are made from individual varieties of wine, such as champagne, sherry, or pinot gris. </p><p>The term "distilled vinegar" as used in the United States (called "spirit vinegar" in the UK, "white vinegar" in Canada<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is something of a misnomer because it is not produced by distillation, but by fermentation of distilled alcohol. The fermentate is diluted to produce a colorless solution of 5 to 8% acetic acid in water, with a pH of about 2.6. This is variously known as distilled spirit, "virgin" vinegar,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or white vinegar, and is used in cooking, baking, meat preservation, and <a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">pickling</a>, as well as for medicinal, laboratory, and cleaning purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-sinclair_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sinclair-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common starting material in some regions, because of its low cost, is barley <a href="/wiki/Malt" title="Malt">malt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ind_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ind-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or in the United States, corn. It is sometimes derived from petroleum.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Distilled vinegar is used predominantly for cooking, although in the UK it is used as an alternative to brown or light malt vinegar. White distilled vinegar can also be used for cleaning, and some types are sold specifically for this purpose. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culinary_uses">Culinary uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Culinary uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vinegar is commonly used in <a href="/wiki/Food_preparation" class="mw-redirect" title="Food preparation">food preparation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-harvard_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvard-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in particular as <a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">pickling</a> liquids, <a href="/wiki/Vinaigrette" title="Vinaigrette">vinaigrettes</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Salad_dressing" title="Salad dressing">salad dressings</a>. It is an ingredient in <a href="/wiki/Sauce" title="Sauce">sauces</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Hot_sauce" title="Hot sauce">hot sauce</a>, mustard, ketchup, and mayonnaise. Vinegar is sometimes used in <a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">chutneys</a>. It is often used as a <a href="/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment">condiment</a> on its own, or as a part of other condiments. <a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marinades</a> often contain vinegar. <a href="/wiki/Soup" title="Soup">Soups</a> sometimes have vinegar added to them, as is the case with <a href="/wiki/Hot_and_sour_soup" title="Hot and sour soup">hot and sour soup</a>. In terms of its <a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">shelf life</a>, vinegar's acidic nature allows it to last indefinitely without the use of <a href="/wiki/Refrigeration" title="Refrigeration">refrigeration</a>; it is essentially already "spoiled".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beverages">Beverages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Beverages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_vinegar_beverage_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Apple_vinegar_beverage_1.jpg/170px-Apple_vinegar_beverage_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Apple_vinegar_beverage_1.jpg/255px-Apple_vinegar_beverage_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Apple_vinegar_beverage_1.jpg/340px-Apple_vinegar_beverage_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>A beverage made from apple vinegar in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Several beverages are made using vinegar, for instance <i><a href="/wiki/Posca" title="Posca">posca</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Rome</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greek</a> drink <i><a href="/wiki/Oxymel" title="Oxymel">oxymel</a></i> is made from vinegar and honey, and <i><a href="/wiki/Sekanjabin" title="Sekanjabin">sekanjabin</a></i> is a traditional <a href="/wiki/Persian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian cuisine">Persian drink</a> similar to <i>oxymel</i>. Other preparations, known colloquially as "<a href="/wiki/Shrub_(drink)" title="Shrub (drink)">shrubs</a>", range from simply mixing sugar water or honey water with small amounts of fruity vinegar, to making syrup by laying fruit or mint in vinegar for several days, then <a href="/wiki/Sieving" class="mw-redirect" title="Sieving">sieving</a> off solid parts and adding considerable amounts of sugar. Some prefer to boil the "shrub" as a final step. These recipes have lost much of their popularity with the rise of <a href="/wiki/Carbonated_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbonated beverages">carbonated beverages</a>, such as soft drinks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diet_and_metabolism">Diet and metabolism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Diet and metabolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Preliminary research indicates that consuming 2–4 <a href="/wiki/Tablespoon" title="Tablespoon">tablespoons</a> of vinegar may cause small reductions in post-meal levels of <a href="/wiki/Blood_glucose" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood glucose">blood glucose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">insulin</a> in people with <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Nutrition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Distilled or red wine vinegar is 95% water, with no <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> or <a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">protein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nd_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nd-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>100 mL (<span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> US fl oz) reference amount, distilled vinegar supplies 75 kJ (18 kcal) of <a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">food energy</a> and no <a href="/wiki/Micronutrient" title="Micronutrient">micronutrients</a> in significant content.<sup id="cite_ref-nd_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nd-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The composition (and absence of nutrient content) for red wine vinegar and <a href="/wiki/Apple_cider_vinegar" title="Apple cider vinegar">apple cider vinegar</a> are the same, whereas <a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar" title="Balsamic vinegar">balsamic vinegar</a> is 77% water with 17% carbohydrates, 370 kJ (88 kcal) per 100 mL, and contains no fat, protein, or micronutrients.<sup id="cite_ref-ndbal_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ndbal-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-culinary_uses">Non-culinary uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Non-culinary uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folk_medicine">Folk medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Folk medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since antiquity, <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">folk medicine</a> treatments have used vinegar, but no conclusive evidence from clinical research supports health claims of benefits for diabetes, weight loss, <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>, or use as a <a href="/wiki/Probiotic" title="Probiotic">probiotic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-harvard_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvard-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A systematic review and meta-analysis later suggested it could help type 2 diabetics reduce insulin and glucose after meals.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Applying vinegar to common <a href="/wiki/Jellyfish" title="Jellyfish">jellyfish</a> stings deactivates the <a href="/wiki/Nematocyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Nematocyst">nematocysts</a>, although not as effectively as hot water.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This also applies to the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_man_o%27_war" title="Portuguese man o' war">Portuguese man o' war</a>, which, although generally considered to be a jellyfish, is not (it is a <a href="/wiki/Siphonophorae" title="Siphonophorae">siphonophore</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some treatments with vinegar pose risks to health.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnston_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">Esophageal</a> injury by apple cider vinegar has been reported, and because vinegar products sold for medicinal purposes are neither regulated nor standardized, such products may vary widely in content and acidity.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15983536_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15983536-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cleaning">Cleaning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Cleaning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>White vinegar is often used as a household cleaning agent.<sup id="cite_ref-harvard_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvard-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For most uses, dilution with water is recommended for safety and to avoid damaging the surfaces being cleaned. Because it is acidic, it can dissolve <a href="/wiki/Mineral_Deposits" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineral Deposits">mineral deposits</a> from glass, <a href="/wiki/Coffee_maker" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffee maker">coffee makers</a>, and other smooth surfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vinegar is known as an effective cleaner of <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> and glass. Malt vinegar sprinkled onto crumpled newspaper is a traditional, and still-popular, method of cleaning grease-smeared windows and mirrors in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vinegar can be used for <a href="/wiki/Polishing_(metalworking)" title="Polishing (metalworking)">polishing</a> copper, brass, bronze or silver. It is an excellent <a href="/wiki/Solvent" title="Solvent">solvent</a> for cleaning <a href="/wiki/Epoxy_resin" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoxy resin">epoxy resin</a> as well as the gum on sticker-type <a href="/wiki/Price_tag" title="Price tag">price tags</a>. It has been reported as an effective <a href="/wiki/Drain_cleaner" title="Drain cleaner">drain cleaner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of vinegar in <a href="/wiki/Dishwasher" title="Dishwasher">dishwashers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washing_machine" title="Washing machine">washing machines</a> can cause damage to their rubber seals and hoses, leading to leaks. According to testing done by <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Reports" title="Consumer Reports">Consumer Reports</a>, vinegar is ineffective as a <a href="/wiki/Rinse_aid" class="mw-redirect" title="Rinse aid">rinse aid</a> and in removing hard-water film while used in a dishwasher. According to Brian Sansoni, chief spokesperson for the <a href="/wiki/American_Cleaning_Institute" title="American Cleaning Institute">American Cleaning Institute</a>, vinegar "isn't very useful with stains that have already set into clothing, including food stains and bloodstains."<sup id="cite_ref-consumerreports_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-consumerreports-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other household items and surfaces that can be damaged by vinegar include flooring, stone countertops, knives, the screens of electronic devices, clothes iron water tanks, and rubber components of various <a href="/wiki/Small_appliance" title="Small appliance">small appliances</a>. Common metals that can be damaged by vinegar include aluminum, copper, and lower-quality grades of stainless steel often used in small appliances.<sup id="cite_ref-consumerreports_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-consumerreports-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Herbicide">Herbicide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Herbicide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Twenty percent acetic acid vinegar can be used as an <a href="/wiki/Herbicide" title="Herbicide">herbicide</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but acetic acid is not absorbed into root systems so the vinegar will only kill the top growth and <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">perennial plants</a> may reshoot.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions,_byproducts_and_contaminants"><span id="Reactions.2C_byproducts_and_contaminants"></span>Reactions, byproducts and contaminants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Reactions, byproducts and contaminants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most commercial vinegar solutions available to consumers for household use do not exceed 5%.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Solutions above 10% require careful handling, as they are corrosive and damaging to the skin.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When a bottle of vinegar is opened, <a href="/wiki/Mother_of_vinegar" title="Mother of vinegar">mother of vinegar</a> may develop. It is considered harmless and can be removed by filtering.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vinegar_eels" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinegar eels">Vinegar eels</a> (<i>Turbatrix aceti</i>), a form of <a href="/wiki/Nematode" title="Nematode">nematode</a>, may occur in some forms of vinegar unless the vinegar is kept covered.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These feed on the mother of vinegar and can occur in naturally fermenting vinegar.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA-2009_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA-2009-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (March 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Baking_soda" class="mw-redirect" title="Baking soda">baking soda</a> and vinegar are combined, the <a href="/wiki/Bicarbonate" title="Bicarbonate">bicarbonate</a> ion of the baking soda reacts with acetic acid to form <a href="/wiki/Carbonic_acid" title="Carbonic acid">carbonic acid</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Chemical_decomposition" title="Chemical decomposition">decomposes</a> into carbon dioxide and water, completing the <a href="/wiki/Carbon_cycle" title="Carbon cycle">carbon cycle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sodium_acetate" title="Sodium acetate">Sodium acetate</a> remains in solution with the water contained in the vinegar.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulation">Regulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some countries have regulations on the permitted acidity percentage of vinegar. For example, the government of Canada limits acetic to between 4.1% and 12.3%, unless the vinegar is sold only for manufacturing use and identified as such.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, vinegar must contain a minimum of 4% acetic acid by volume.<sup id="cite_ref-harvard_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvard-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aus-law_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aus-law-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many jurisdictions distinguish between brewed vinegar and preparations made with diluted acetic acid. The latter may not be sold as "vinegar" and is instead referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Non-brewed_condiment" title="Non-brewed condiment">non-brewed condiment</a>" in the UK,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "imitation vinegar" in Australia and New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-aus-law_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aus-law-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_additive" title="Food additive">Food additive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_condiments" title="List of condiments">List of condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinegar_tasters" title="Vinegar tasters">Vinegar tasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinegaroon" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinegaroon">Vinegaroon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 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.reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Good+Food&rft.atitle=Balsamic+vinegar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbcgoodfood.com%2Fglossary%2Fbalsamic-vinegar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinegar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ndbal-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ndbal_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ndbal_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/spices-and-herbs/9744/2">"Nutrition facts for balsamic vinegar"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nutrition+facts+for+balsamic+vinegar&rft.pub=Nutritiondata.com%2C+Conde+Nast%3B+from+the+US+Department+of+Agriculture+National+Nutrient+Database%2C+standard+reference+21&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fspices-and-herbs%2F9744%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinegar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-od-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-od_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-od_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171214014610/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/alegar">"Alegar"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alegar&rft.pub=Oxford+Dictionaries%2C+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Falegar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinegar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/20/joe-spud-murphy-the-man-w_n_1437270.html">"Joe 'Spud' Murphy: The Man Who Gave Potato Chips Flavor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i>. 20 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141031011922/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/20/joe-spud-murphy-the-man-w_n_1437270.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Joe+%27Spud%27+Murphy%3A+The+Man+Who+Gave+Potato+Chips+Flavor&rft.date=2012-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2012%2F04%2F20%2Fjoe-spud-murphy-the-man-w_n_1437270.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinegar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wacky-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wacky_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2013/04/british-crisps">"31 Wacky and Weird Flavors of British Potato Crisps"</a>. BBC America. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190704140723/http://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2013/04/british-crisps">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=31+Wacky+and+Weird+Flavors+of+British+Potato+Crisps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbcamerica.com%2Fanglophenia%2F2013%2F04%2Fbritish-crisps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinegar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flavour_variety-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Flavour_variety_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/walkers-limited-edition-crisp-flavours-launch-700th-anniversary-cheese-fondue-coronation-chicken-a8257701.html">"Walkers launches six new limited-edition crisp flavours to mark 70th anniversary"</a></span>. <i>Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220817/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/walkers-limited-edition-crisp-flavours-launch-700th-anniversary-cheese-fondue-coronation-chicken-a8257701.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent&rft.atitle=Walkers+launches+six+new+limited-edition+crisp+flavours+to+mark+70th+anniversary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Ffood-and-drink%2Fwalkers-limited-edition-crisp-flavours-launch-700th-anniversary-cheese-fondue-coronation-chicken-a8257701.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinegar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAusten2018" class="citation news cs1">Austen, Ian (8 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/08/world/canada/the-secret-story-of-salt-and-vinegar-chips-the-canada-letter.html">"The Secret Story of Salt and Vinegar Chips: the Canada Letter"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191223190614/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/08/world/canada/the-secret-story-of-salt-and-vinegar-chips-the-canada-letter.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Secret+Story+of+Salt+and+Vinegar+Chips%3A+the+Canada+Letter&rft.date=2018-06-08&rft.aulast=Austen&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F06%2F08%2Fworld%2Fcanada%2Fthe-secret-story-of-salt-and-vinegar-chips-the-canada-letter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinegar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080220130707/http://news.asianweek.com/news/view_article.html?article_id=dcd86dc7c83d91f2079714cf8e3a053a">"AsianWeek.com"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.asianweek.com/news/view_article.html?article_id=dcd86dc7c83d91f2079714cf8e3a053a">the original</a> on 20 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AsianWeek.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.asianweek.com%2Fnews%2Fview_article.html%3Farticle_id%3Ddcd86dc7c83d91f2079714cf8e3a053a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinegar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Perstorps 24% Acetic Vinegar 300ml</i>, <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B072ZYZQHQ">B072ZYZQHQ</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perstorps+24%25+Acetic+Vinegar+300ml&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB072ZYZQHQ%23id-name%3DASIN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinegar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sinclair-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sinclair_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sinclair_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sinclair C, <i>International Dictionary of Food and Cooking</i>, Peter Collin Publishing, 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-948549-87-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-948549-87-4">0-948549-87-4</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2010)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClutton2019" class="citation book cs1">Clutton, Angela (2019). <i>The Vinegar Cupboard: Winner of the Fortnum & Mason Debut Cookery Book Award</i>. 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(February 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inspection.gc.ca/food/labelling/food-labelling-for-industry/list-of-ingredients-and-allergens/eng/1383612857522/1383612932341?chap=1">"List of Ingredients and Allergens: Requirements; Exemptions, Prepackaged Products that Do Not Require a List of Ingredients; Standardized vinegars B.01.008(2)(g), FDR"</a>. Canadian Food Inspection Agency. 29 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421093214/http://www.inspection.gc.ca/food/labelling/food-labelling-for-industry/list-of-ingredients-and-allergens/eng/1383612857522/1383612932341?chap=1">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Ingredients+and+Allergens%3A+Requirements%3B+Exemptions%2C+Prepackaged+Products+that+Do+Not+Require+a+List+of+Ingredients%3B+Standardized+vinegars+B.01.008%282%29%28g%29%2C+FDR&rft.pub=Canadian+Food+Inspection+Agency&rft.date=2016-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inspection.gc.ca%2Ffood%2Flabelling%2Ffood-labelling-for-industry%2Flist-of-ingredients-and-allergens%2Feng%2F1383612857522%2F1383612932341%3Fchap%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinegar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllgeierHildebrandt1960" class="citation book cs1">Allgeier, Rudolph J.; Hildebrandt, Frank M. 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The Independent, Independent Digital News & Media, London, UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220817/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/food-bliss-and-vinegar-why-malt-makes-a-pretty-pickle-its-time-for-a-revival-of-a-very-british-1541895.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vinegar+Information&rft.pub=Reinhart+Foods&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reinhartfoods.com%2Fvinegarstats.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinegar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDA-2009-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDA-2009_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/ICECI/ComplianceManuals/CompliancePolicyGuidanceManual/ucm074471.htm">"FDA: Sec. 525.825 Vinegar, Definitions – Adulteration with Vinegar Eels (CPG 7109.22)"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=engineering.oregonstate.edu&rft.atitle=Kitchen+Chemistry%3A+The+Chemical+Reaction+Powered+Car&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fengineering.oregonstate.edu%2Fmomentum%2Fk12%2Fmarch04%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinegar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/C.R.C.,_c._870.pdf">"Departmental Consolidation of the Food and Drugs Act and the Food and Drug Regulations – Part B – Division 19"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Health Canada. March 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410025000/http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/C.R.C.,_c._870.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Departmental+Consolidation+of+the+Food+and+Drugs+Act+and+the+Food+and+Drug+Regulations+%E2%80%93+Part+B+%E2%80%93+Division+19&rft.pub=Health+Canada&rft.date=2003-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaws-lois.justice.gc.ca%2FPDF%2FC.R.C.%2C_c._870.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinegar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aus-law-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aus-law_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aus-law_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2015L00484/latest/text">"Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code – Standard 2.10.1 – Vinegar and related products"</a>. <i>legislation.gov.au</i>. Australian Government. 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.au&rft.atitle=Australia+New+Zealand+Food+Standards+Code+%E2%80%93+Standard+2.10.1+%E2%80%93+Vinegar+and+related+products&rft.date=2015-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.au%2FF2015L00484%2Flatest%2Ftext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinegar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRankenKill2012" class="citation book cs1">Ranken, M. D.; Kill, R. C. (2012). <i>Food Industries Manual</i> (23 ed.). p. 328.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+Industries+Manual&rft.pages=328&rft.edition=23&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Ranken&rft.aufirst=M.+D.&rft.au=Kill%2C+R.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinegar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegar&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vinegar" title="Template:Vinegar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vinegar" title="Template talk:Vinegar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vinegar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vinegar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vinegar" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vinegar</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Vinegar varieties: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">Acetic acid</a> (vinegar essence)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_cider_vinegar" title="Apple cider vinegar">Apple cider vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar" title="Balsamic vinegar">Balsamic vinegar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_balsamic_vinegar" title="Traditional balsamic vinegar">Traditional balsamic vinegar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_vinegar" title="Black vinegar">Black vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_thieves_vinegar" title="Four thieves vinegar">Four thieves vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaong_palm_vinegar" title="Kaong palm vinegar">Kaong palm vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipa_palm_vinegar" title="Nipa palm vinegar">Nipa palm vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_vinegar" title="Rice vinegar">Rice vinegar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang_vinegar" title="Zhenjiang vinegar">Zhenjiang vinegar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_vinegar" title="Sherry vinegar">Sherry vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinaigrette" title="Vinaigrette">Vinaigrette</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Vinegar drinks: <li><a href="/wiki/Honeygar" title="Honeygar">Honeygar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymel" title="Oxymel">Oxymel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posca" title="Posca">Posca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raspberry_vinegar" title="Raspberry vinegar">Raspberry vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekanjabin" title="Sekanjabin">Sekanjabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrub_(drink)" title="Shrub (drink)">Shrub (drink)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switchel" title="Switchel">Switchel</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Vinegar components: <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acetobacter" title="Acetobacter">Acetobacter</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_of_vinegar" title="Mother of vinegar">Mother of vinegar</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Condiments" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Condiments" title="Template:Condiments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Condiments" title="Template talk:Condiments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Condiments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Condiments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Condiments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment">Condiments</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_condiments" title="List of condiments">List of condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dip_(food)#List_of_common_dips" class="mw-redirect" title="Dip (food)">List of common dips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_syrups" title="List of syrups">List of syrups</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agre_dulce" class="mw-redirect" title="Agre dulce">Agre dulce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrodolce" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrodolce">Agrodolce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aioli" title="Aioli">Aioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue_sauce" title="Barbecue sauce">Barbecue sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigarade_sauce" title="Bigarade sauce">Bigarade sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_sauce" title="Brown sauce">Brown sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo sauce">Buffalo sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_sauce" title="Cheese sauce">Cheese sauce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfredo sauce">Alfredo sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caruso_sauce" title="Caruso sauce">Caruso sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheddar_sauce" title="Cheddar sauce">Cheddar sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheez_Whiz" title="Cheez Whiz">Cheez Whiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue">Fondue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mornay_sauce" title="Mornay sauce">Mornay sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacho_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacho cheese">Nacho cheese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_sauce_and_paste" title="Chili sauce and paste">Chili sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimichurri" title="Chimichurri">Chimichurri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_sauce" title="Cocktail sauce">Cocktail sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colo-colo_(condiment)" title="Colo-colo (condiment)">Colo-colo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crema_(dairy_product)" title="Crema (dairy product)">Crema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caruru_(food)" title="Caruru (food)">Caruru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabu-dabu" title="Dabu-dabu">Dabu-dabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">Fish sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritessaus" title="Fritessaus">Fritessaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fry_sauce" title="Fry sauce">Fry sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garum" title="Garum">Garum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrique" title="Gastrique">Gastrique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravy" title="Gravy">Gravy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_sauce" title="Hot sauce">Hot sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latik" title="Latik">Latik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaymak" title="Kaymak">Kaymak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khrenovina_sauce" title="Khrenovina sauce">Khrenovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechon_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Lechon sauce">Lechon sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Rose_sauce" title="Marie Rose sauce">Marie Rose sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise" title="Mayonnaise">Mayonnaise</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kewpie_(mayonnaise)" title="Kewpie (mayonnaise)">Kewpie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kielecki_Mayonnaise" title="Kielecki Mayonnaise">Kielecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Whip" title="Miracle Whip">Miracle Whip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mignonette_sauce" title="Mignonette sauce">Mignonette sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mild_sauce" title="Mild sauce">Mild sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_gland_sauce" title="Monkey gland sauce">Monkey gland sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbo_sauce" title="Mumbo sauce">Mumbo sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_sauce" title="Oyster sauce">Oyster sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut_sauce" title="Peanut sauce">Peanut sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pear%C3%A0" title="Pearà">Pearà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesto" title="Pesto">Pesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistou" title="Pistou">Pistou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remoulade" title="Remoulade">Remoulade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_golf" title="Salsa golf">Salsa golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_verde" title="Salsa verde">Salsa verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsivi" title="Satsivi">Satsivi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_sauce" title="Steak sauce">Steak sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartar_sauce" title="Tartar sauce">Tartar sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatbila" title="Tatbila">Tatbila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teriyaki" title="Teriyaki">Teriyaki sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiparos" title="Tiparos">Tiparos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tkemali" title="Tkemali">Tkemali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_sauce" title="Tomato sauce">Tomato sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincotto" title="Vincotto">Vincotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XO_sauce" title="XO sauce">XO sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%80_la_zingara" title="À la zingara">Zingara sauce</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Condiments"><img alt="Condiments" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg/128px-Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg/192px-Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg/256px-Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dipping_sauce" title="Dipping sauce">Dips</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajika" title="Ajika">Ajika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile_con_queso" title="Chile con queso">Chile con queso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_sauce" title="Duck sauce">Duck sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_chive_flower_sauce" title="Garlic chive flower sauce">Garlic chive flower sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guacamole" title="Guacamole">Guacamole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogao" title="Hogao">Hogao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_dill" title="Honey dill">Honey dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammara" title="Muhammara">Muhammara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_chim" title="Nam chim">Nam chim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_phrik" title="Nam phrik">Nam phrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_ch%E1%BA%A5m" title="Nước chấm">Nước chấm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyronnes" title="Skyronnes">Skyronnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_chili_sauce" title="Sweet chili sauce">Sweet chili sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toum" title="Toum">Toum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzatziki" title="Tzatziki">Tzatziki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhug" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhug">Zhug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pickles and <br />preserves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amba_(condiment)" title="Amba (condiment)">Amba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atchara" title="Atchara">Atchara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheong_(food)" title="Cheong (food)">Cheong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">Chutney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_mango_chutney" title="Green mango chutney">Green mango chutney</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtido" title="Curtido">Curtido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encurtido" title="Encurtido">Encurtido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_preserves" title="Fruit preserves">Fruit preserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gari_(ginger)" title="Gari (ginger)">Gari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljutenica" class="mw-redirect" title="Ljutenica">Ljutenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_jelly" title="Pepper jelly">Pepper jelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccalilli" title="Piccalilli">Piccalilli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_cucumber" title="Pickled cucumber">Pickled cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_fruit" title="Pickled fruit">Pickled fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relish" title="Relish">Relish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago-style_relish" title="Chicago-style relish">Chicago-style relish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">Sauerkraut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimchi" title="Kimchi">Kimchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbala" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumbala">Sumbala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taba_ng_talangka" title="Taba ng talangka">Taba ng talangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_jam" title="Tomato jam">Tomato jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watermelon_rind_preserves" title="Watermelon rind preserves">Watermelon rind preserves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spreads and pastes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajvar" title="Ajvar">Ajvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy_paste" title="Anchovy paste">Anchovy paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagoong" title="Bagoong">Bagoong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal%C3%A7a" title="Salça">Biber salçası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurre_Ma%C3%AEtre_d%27H%C3%B4tel" title="Beurre Maître d'Hôtel">Beurre Maître d'Hôtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_paste" class="mw-redirect" title="Chili paste">Chili paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrain" title="Chrain">Chrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_jam" title="Coconut jam">Coconut jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_paste" title="Fish paste">Fish paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gochujang" title="Gochujang">Gochujang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_spread" title="Liver spread">Liver spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyopolou" title="Kyopolou">Kyopolou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maafe" class="mw-redirect" title="Maafe">Maafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malidzano" title="Malidzano">Malidzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_extract" title="Meat extract">Meat extract</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bovril" title="Bovril">Bovril</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murri_(condiment)" title="Murri (condiment)">Murri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_butter" title="Nut butter">Nut butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palapa_(condiment)" title="Palapa (condiment)">Palapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindjur" title="Pindjur">Pindjur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roe" title="Roe">Roe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caviar" title="Caviar">Caviar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahawiq" title="Sahawiq">Sahawiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapai" title="Tapai">Tapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasabi#As_condiment" title="Wasabi">Wasabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_extract" title="Yeast extract">Yeast extract</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marmite" title="Marmite">Marmite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegemite" title="Vegemite">Vegemite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacusc%C4%83" title="Zacuscă">Zacuscă</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oils and liquids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chili_oil" title="Chili oil">Chili oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halford_Leicestershire_Table_Sauce" title="Halford Leicestershire Table Sauce">Halford Leicestershire Table Sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_oil" title="Mustard oil">Mustard oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patis_(sauce)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patis (sauce)">Patis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_oil" title="Perilla oil">Perilla oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponzu" title="Ponzu">Ponzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmoriglio" title="Salmoriglio">Salmoriglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_oil" title="Sesame oil">Sesame oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">Soy sauce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soup_soy_sauce" title="Soup soy sauce">Soup soy sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_soy_sauce" title="Sweet soy sauce">Sweet soy sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyomansi" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyomansi">Toyomansi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrup" title="Syrup">Syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire_sauce" title="Worcestershire sauce">Worcestershire sauce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tonkatsu_sauce" title="Tonkatsu sauce">Tonkatsu sauce</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spices and powders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As%C3%ADn_tibuok" title="Asín tibuok">Asín tibuok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">Chipotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_red_pepper" title="Crushed red pepper">Crushed red pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomashio" title="Gomashio">Gomashio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSG" class="mw-redirect" title="MSG">MSG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutritional_yeast" title="Nutritional yeast">Nutritional yeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn_seasoning" title="Popcorn seasoning">Popcorn seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_and_pepper" title="Salt and pepper">Salt and pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekka" title="Tekka">Tekka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Salads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_style" title="Carolina style">Carolina style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleslaw" title="Coleslaw">Coleslaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachumbari" title="Kachumbari">Kachumbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachumber" title="Kachumber">Kachumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_(Mexican_cuisine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsa (Mexican cuisine)">Salsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pico_de_gallo" title="Pico de gallo">Pico de gallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_criolla" title="Salsa criolla">Salsa criolla</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salad_dressing" title="Salad dressing">Dressings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_cheese_dressing" title="Blue cheese dressing">Blue cheese dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_dressing" title="French dressing">French dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_dressing" title="Ginger dressing">Ginger dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_goddess_dressing" title="Green goddess dressing">Green goddess dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_dressing" title="Italian dressing">Italian dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_dressing" title="Louis dressing">Louis dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfair_salad_dressing" title="Mayfair salad dressing">Mayfair salad dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch_dressing" title="Ranch dressing">Ranch dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_dressing" title="Russian dressing">Russian dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salad_cream" title="Salad cream">Salad cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahini sauce">Tahini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Island_dressing" title="Thousand Island dressing">Thousand Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinaigrette" title="Vinaigrette">Vinaigrette</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wafu_dressing" title="Wafu dressing">Wafu dressing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup">Ketchups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_ketchup" title="Banana ketchup">Banana ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_ketchup" title="Curry ketchup">Curry ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_ketchup" title="Fruit ketchup">Fruit ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_ketchup" title="Mushroom ketchup">Mushroom ketchup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">Mustards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dijon_mustard" title="Dijon mustard">Dijon mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_mustard" class="mw-redirect" title="Honey mustard">Honey mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karashi" title="Karashi">Karashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasundi" title="Kasundi">Kasundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostarda" title="Mostarda">Mostarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)#Spicy_brown/deli-style_mustard" title="Mustard (condiment)">Spicy brown mustard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creole_mustard" title="Creole mustard">Creole mustard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)#Sweet_mustard" title="Mustard (condiment)">Sweet mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecuci" title="Tecuci">Tecuci mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewkesbury_mustard" title="Tewkesbury mustard">Tewkesbury mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turun_sinappi" title="Turun sinappi">Turun sinappi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)#American/yellow_mustard" title="Mustard (condiment)">Yellow mustard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vinegars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_cider_vinegar" title="Apple cider vinegar">Apple cider vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar" title="Balsamic vinegar">Balsamic vinegar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar_of_Modena" title="Balsamic vinegar of Modena">Balsamic vinegar of Modena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_vinegar" title="Black vinegar">Black vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaong_palm_vinegar" title="Kaong palm vinegar">Kaong palm vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_vinegar" class="mw-redirect" title="Malt vinegar">Malt vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipa_palm_vinegar" title="Nipa palm vinegar">Nipa palm vinegar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accompaniments_to_french_fries" title="List of accompaniments to french fries">Accompaniments to french fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_brand_name_condiments" title="List of brand name condiments">Brand name condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chutneys" title="List of chutneys">Chutneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_paste#Traditional_pastes" title="Fish paste">Fish pastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fish_sauces" title="List of fish sauces">Fish sauces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_condiments" title="List of Indian condiments">Indian condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_condiments" title="List of Indonesian condiments">Indonesian condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_condiments" title="List of Japanese condiments">Japanese condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayonnaises" title="List of mayonnaises">Mayonnaises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mustard_brands" title="List of mustard brands">Mustard brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hot_sauces" title="List of hot sauces">Hot sauces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_condiments" title="List of Pakistani condiments">Pakistani condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_condiments" title="Philippine condiments">Philippine condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pickled_foods" title="List of pickled foods">Pickled foods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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