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skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vejatz lo contengut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menut principal/Menut principau" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menut principal/Menut principau</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menut principal/Menut principau</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-Navigacion" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Navigacion" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacion </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Acuèlh" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Acuèlh</span></a></li><li id="n-La-tavèrna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:La_tav%C3%A8rna"><span>La tavèrna</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Portals tematics</span></a></li><li id="n-alphindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Totas_las_paginas"><span>Indèx alfabetic</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Pagina_a_l%27azard" title="Afichar una pagina a l'azard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una pagina a l'azard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuir" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuir" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuir </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Somari" title="L'endrech per s'assabentar."><span>Ajuda</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh" title="A prepaus del projècte, çò que podètz far, ont trobar d'informacions"><span>Comunautat</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Darri%C3%A8rs_cambiaments" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments sul wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Darrièrs cambiaments</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh_dels_nov%C3%A8ls_venguts"><span>Acuèlh dels novèls venguts</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-oc.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'enciclopèdia liura" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-oc.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Rec%C3%A8rca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Recercar</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" aria-label="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Recèrca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Recercar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Aisinas personalas"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l'apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc" class=""><span>Far un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Panjab" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri" class=""><span>Crear un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Panjab" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connectar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aisinas personalas" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aisinas personalas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc"><span>Far un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Panjab" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Panjab" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connectar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_contribucions" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_discussions" title="La pagina de discussion per aquesta adreça IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Somari" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Somari</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istòria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istòria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istòria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Geografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Clima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_Panjab_paquistanés" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_Panjab_paquistanés"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lo Panjab paquistanés</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_Panjab_paquistanés-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_Panjab_indian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_Panjab_indian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lo Panjab indian</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lo_Panjab_indian-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Lo Panjab indian</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lo_Panjab_indian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-L’Estat_indian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L’Estat_indian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>L’Estat indian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L’Estat_indian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Haryana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haryana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Haryana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haryana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Himachal_Pradesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Himachal_Pradesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Himachal Pradesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Himachal_Pradesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligams_extèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligams_extèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ligams extèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligams_extèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Panjab</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 84 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Punjab" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9)" title="بنجاب (منطقة) - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنجاب (منطقة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punyab" title="Punyab - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Punyab" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%99ncab_regionu" title="Pəncab regionu - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pəncab regionu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%B1" title="Пәнжәб - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Пәнжәб" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1_(%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%91%D0%BD)" title="Пенджаб (рэгіён) - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пенджаб (рэгіён)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Пенджаб - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пенджаб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC_(%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2)" title="পাঞ্জাব (অঞ্চল) - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাঞ্জাব (অঞ্চল)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjab" title="Panjab - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Panjab" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjab" title="Panjab - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Panjab" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="ناوچەی پەنجاب - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناوچەی پەنجاب" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%88d%C5%BE%C3%A1b" title="Paňdžáb - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paňdžáb" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_(rhanbarth)" title="Punjab (rhanbarth) - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Punjab (rhanbarth)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Punjab" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%AC%CE%BC%CF%80" title="Παντζάμπ - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παντζάμπ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Punjab" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan%C4%9Dabio" title="Panĝabio - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Panĝabio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punyab" title="Punyab - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Punyab" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C5%BEab" title="Pandžab - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pandžab" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Punjab" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="منطقه پنجاب - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطقه پنجاب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Punjab" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendjab" title="Pendjab - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pendjab" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandjab_(Regiuun)" title="Pandjab (Regiuun) - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pandjab (Regiuun)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puinse%C3%A1b" title="Puinseáb - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Puinseáb" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Punjab" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AC" title="પંજાબ - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પંજાબ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%91%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%90%D7%91" title="חבל פנג'אב - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חבל פנג'אב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="पंजाब क्षेत्र - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पंजाब क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pend%C5%BEab_(regija)" title="Pendžab (regija) - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pendžab (regija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandzs%C3%A1b_r%C3%A9gi%C3%B3" title="Pandzsáb régió - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pandzsáb régió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%A2" title="Փանջաբ - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փանջաբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Punjab" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Punjab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Punjab" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BAnjab" title="Púnjab - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Púnjab" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_(regione)" title="Punjab (regione) - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Punjab (regione)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96" title="パンジャーブ - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パンジャーブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%80%EC%9E%90%EB%B8%8C" title="펀자브 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="펀자브" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Пенжаб - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пенжаб" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengabum" title="Pengabum - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pengabum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Punjab" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C5%BEabas" title="Pandžabas - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pandžabas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pend%C5%BE%C4%81ba" title="Pendžāba - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pendžāba" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D" title="പഞ്ചാബ് - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പഞ്ചാബ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Панжаб - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Панжаб" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="पंजाब प्रदेश - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पंजाब प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rantau_Punjab" title="Rantau Punjab - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rantau Punjab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="پنجاب - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پنجاب" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC" title="पञ्जाब - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पञ्जाब" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_(gebied)" title="Punjab (gebied) - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Punjab (gebied)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjab" title="Panjab - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Panjab" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Punjab" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Пенджаб - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Пенджаб" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC" title="ਪੰਜਾਬ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੰਜਾਬ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pend%C5%BCab" title="Pendżab - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pendżab" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="پنجاب - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پنجاب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabe" title="Panjabe - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Panjabe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Пенджаб - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пенджаб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D" title="पञ्जाब् - sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पञ्जाब्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Punjab" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="پنجاب - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پنجاب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_(regija)" title="Punjab (regija) - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Punjab (regija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_region" title="Punjab region - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Punjab region" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C5%BE%C3%A1b_(historick%C3%A9_%C3%BAzemie)" title="Pandžáb (historické územie) - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pandžáb (historické územie)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="پنجاب - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="پنجاب" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Панџаб - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Панџаб" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Punjab" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="பஞ்சாப் பகுதி - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பஞ்சாப் பகுதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="పంజాబ్ ప్రాంతం - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పంజాబ్ ప్రాంతం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A" title="ภูมิภาคปัญจาบ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภูมิภาคปัญจาบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Punjab" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencap" title="Pencap - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pencap" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%99%D0%BD%D2%97%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Пәнҗаб - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Пәнҗаб" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="پەنجاب - oigor" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پەنجاب" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="oigor" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Пенджаб (регіон) - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пенджаб (регіон)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7%DB%82_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="خطۂ پنجاب - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خطۂ پنجاب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjob" title="Panjob - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Panjob" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Punjab" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Punjab" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%81%E9%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="旁遮普地区 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="旁遮普地区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%81%E9%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="旁遮普地区 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="旁遮普地区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Punjab" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%BB%E6%B8%A3%E5%88%A5" title="頻渣別 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="頻渣別" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q169132#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Panjab" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:Panjab&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina (la pagina existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Panjab"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. 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title="Mai d’informacion sus aquesta pagina"><span>Informacion sus la pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Panjab&id=2197188&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacions sus cossí citar aquesta pagina"><span>Citar aqueste article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPanjab"><span>Obténer una URL acorchida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPanjab"><span>Telecargar lo còdi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir / exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Punjab_map_(topographic)_with_cities.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/250px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/375px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/500px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>Panjab dins lo sud d'Asia.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Panjab</b> (en <a href="/wiki/Panjabi" title="Panjabi">panjabi</a> <span class="lang-pa" lang="pa">ਪੰਜਾਬ</span> <span class="lang-pa" lang="pa">پنجاب</span>, <a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">anglés</a> <i>Punjab</i>) es una region del <a href="/wiki/Soscontinent_indian" title="Soscontinent indian">soscontinent indian</a> comprenent una granda partida de l'èst del <a href="/wiki/Paquistan" title="Paquistan">Paquistan</a> (província del <a href="/wiki/Panjab_(Paquistan)" title="Panjab (Paquistan)">Panjab paquistanés</a>) e del nòrd-oèst d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a> (Estat del <a href="/wiki/Panjab_(%C3%8Dndia)" title="Panjab (Índia)">Panjab indian</a> e de partidas d'<a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jammu (la pagina existís pas)">Jammu</a> e <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>). </p><p>Lo nom « Panjab » es d'origina <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_P%C3%A8rsa" title="Empèri Pèrsa">pèrsa</a>, de <i><span class="lang-fa-latn" lang="fa-latn">panj</span></i> (« cinc ») e <i><span class="lang-fa-latn" lang="fa-latn">āb</span></i> (« riu ») : « (pays dels) cinc rius ». Las cinc aigas son Beâs, Sutlej, Ravi, Chenab e Jhelum ; totas son d'<a href="/wiki/Afluent" title="Afluent">afluents</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indus</a>. </p><p>Panjab a una istòria longa. Foguèt abitat pels <a href="/wiki/Civilizacion_de_la_Vau_d%27Indus" title="Civilizacion de la Vau d'Indus">arapèus</a>, los protodravidians e los indoarians e envasit pels <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_P%C3%A8rsa" title="Empèri Pèrsa">pèrses</a>, los <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia_antica" title="Grècia antica">grècs</a>, los cochans, los ghaznevids, los timorids, los <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l" title="Empèri Mogòl">mogòls</a>, los <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">afgans</a> e los <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Britanic" title="Empèri Britanic">britanics</a>. Los abitants del Panjab son uèi mai de 152 milions, son nomenats « panjabis » e parlan subretot lo <a href="/wiki/Panjabi" title="Panjabi">panjabi</a>. Las religions principalas sont l'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Sikhisme" title="Sikhisme">sikhisme</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Indo%C3%AFsme" title="Indoïsme">indoïsme</a>. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1947" class="mw-redirect" title="1947">1947</a>, a l'esacasença de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Particion_de_las_%C3%8Dndias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Particion de las Índias (la pagina existís pas)">particion de las Índias</a>, Panjab foguèt devesit en dos entre Índia (<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Union indiana</a>) e Paquistan (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominion_de_Paquistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominion de Paquistan (la pagina existís pas)">Dominion de Paquistan</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Istòria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Taxila_Pakistan_juillet_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Taxila_Pakistan_juillet_2004.jpg/250px-Taxila_Pakistan_juillet_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Taxila_Pakistan_juillet_2004.jpg/375px-Taxila_Pakistan_juillet_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Taxila_Pakistan_juillet_2004.jpg/500px-Taxila_Pakistan_juillet_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Taxila al Paquistan.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:July_9_2005_-_The_Lahore_Fort-Pavillion_adjacent_to_the_Shish_Mahal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/July_9_2005_-_The_Lahore_Fort-Pavillion_adjacent_to_the_Shish_Mahal.jpg/250px-July_9_2005_-_The_Lahore_Fort-Pavillion_adjacent_to_the_Shish_Mahal.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/July_9_2005_-_The_Lahore_Fort-Pavillion_adjacent_to_the_Shish_Mahal.jpg/375px-July_9_2005_-_The_Lahore_Fort-Pavillion_adjacent_to_the_Shish_Mahal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/July_9_2005_-_The_Lahore_Fort-Pavillion_adjacent_to_the_Shish_Mahal.jpg/500px-July_9_2005_-_The_Lahore_Fort-Pavillion_adjacent_to_the_Shish_Mahal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Lo fòrt de Lahore bastit per l'emperaire <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l" title="Empèri Mogòl">mogòl</a> <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pendent la <a href="/wiki/Pre%C3%AFst%C3%B2ria" title="Preïstòria">Preïstòria</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Civilizacion_de_la_Vau_d%27Indus" title="Civilizacion de la Vau d'Indus">civilizacion de la val d'Indus</a>, una de las mai ancianas d'<a href="/wiki/Asia_del_Sud" title="Asia del Sud">Asia del Sud</a>, ocupa çò qu'uèi la region del Panjab. </p><p>Las batalhas epicas del <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> son situadas dins l'actual <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, partida del Panjab istoric. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/-326" class="mw-redirect" title="-326">-326</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_lo_Grand" title="Alexandre lo Grand">Alexandre lo Grand</a> envasiguèt una partida del Panjab a partir del nòrd e desfach lo rei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Porus_(rei)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porus (rei) (la pagina existís pas)">Porus</a>. Sas armadas dintran dins la region per l'<a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a> e son empèri s'espandís fins a la vila de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sagala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sagala (la pagina existís pas)">Sagala</a>. En <a href="/wiki/-305" class="mw-redirect" title="-305">-305</a>, lo Panjab fa partit de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Maurya" title="Empèri Maurya">Empèri Maurya</a> puèi del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reialme_indogr%C3%A8c&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reialme indogrèc (la pagina existís pas)">Reialme indogrèc</a> vèrs <a href="/wiki/-200" class="mw-redirect" title="-200">-200</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Menandre_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menandre I (la pagina existís pas)">Menandre I</a>, que règna de ≈ <a href="/wiki/-160" class="mw-redirect" title="-160">-160</a> a <a href="/wiki/-135" class="mw-redirect" title="-135">-135</a>, benlèu se convertís al <a href="/wiki/Bodisme" title="Bodisme">bodisme</a>. La region es ensida mai d'un còps, coma pels <a href="/w/index.php?title=Escitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Escitas (la pagina existís pas)">escitas</a> e los <a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">yuezhi</a>. Aquestes darrièrs fondèron l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_koshan" title="Empèri koshan">Empèri koshan</a> al sègle I. </p><p>Los <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Gupta" title="Empèri Gupta">Guptas</a> domèni enseguida la region (sègle II), puèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harsha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harsha (la pagina existís pas)">Harsha</a> (sègle VI) e los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajputs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajputs (la pagina existís pas)">Rajputs</a> (sègle VII). En <a href="/wiki/711" class="mw-redirect" title="711">711</a>–<a href="/wiki/713" class="mw-redirect" title="713">713</a> lo sultan Muhammad ibn al-Qasim de Taif, una vila d'<a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Arabia</a>, desfach lo raja Dahir e conquerís lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sind (la pagina existís pas)">Sind</a> e lo Panjab al nom de las <a href="/wiki/Califat_Omeia" title="Califat Omeia">Omeias</a>. Es lo primièr a introduire l'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> dins la region. </p><p>Enseguida, una seriá de dinastias musulmanas se succediguèron fins a l'establiment dels <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l" title="Empèri Mogòl">Mogòls</a> en <a href="/wiki/1526" class="mw-redirect" title="1526">1526</a>. Un periòde de prosperitat e de patz relativa seguís. Lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%B3_Nanak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goró Nanak (la pagina existís pas)">Goró Nanak</a> (<a href="/wiki/1469" class="mw-redirect" title="1469">1469</a>-<a href="/wiki/1539" class="mw-redirect" title="1539">1539</a>) fonda leo <a href="/wiki/Sikhisme" title="Sikhisme">sikhisme</a> pendent aqueste periòde. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1758" class="mw-redirect" title="1758">1758</a>, lo Panjab es pres pels <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emp%C3%A8ri_Marathas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empèri Marathas (la pagina existís pas)">Marathas</a>. Aquestes que resistisson a l'invasion de las fòrças afganas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Chah_Durrani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Chah Durrani (la pagina existís pas)">Ahmad Shâh Durrani</a> mas son aflaquits. La Dhal Khalsa sikhe es fondada en <a href="/wiki/1748" class="mw-redirect" title="1748">1748</a> a Amritsar. Domina la majoritat del Panjab al sen de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emp%C3%A8ri_sikh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empèri sikh (la pagina existís pas)">Empèri sikh</a> a partir de <a href="/wiki/1799" class="mw-redirect" title="1799">1799</a> jol règne del <a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">maharaja</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranjit_Singh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranjit Singh (la pagina existís pas)">Ranjit Singh</a>, couronné en <a href="/wiki/1801" class="mw-redirect" title="1801">1801</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Punjab_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Punjab_1909.jpg/250px-Punjab_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Punjab_1909.jpg/375px-Punjab_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Punjab_1909.jpg/500px-Punjab_1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="821" /></a><figcaption>La província del Panjab, dins l'<a href="/wiki/Raj_Britanic" title="Raj Britanic">Empèri britannic de las Índias</a> en 1909</figcaption></figure> <p>Detz ans après sa mòrt, l'empèri s'ascla e los Britanics desfan los sikhs amb l'ajuda dels reis Dogra. L'Empèri sikh èra alara lo darrièr Estat indian a èsser pas dominat pels Britanics. </p><p>Pendent la <a href="/wiki/Rev%C3%B2uta_dei_Cipaies" title="Revòuta dei Cipaies">revòlta indiana de 1857</a>, los dirigants sikhs sostenon la <a href="/wiki/Companhi%C3%A1_Anglesa_deis_%C3%8Dndias_Orientalas" title="Companhiá Anglesa deis Índias Orientalas">Companhiá de las Índias orientalas</a> e li balhant de tropas. A Ludhiana, la rebellion es espotida amb l'ajuda dels caps peanjabis de Nabha e Malerkotla. </p><p>Pasmens, unas annadas mai tard, fòrça Panjabis joguèron un ròtle important pendent lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Movement_per_l%27independ%C3%A9ncia_de_l%27%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Movement per l'independéncia de l'Índia (la pagina existís pas)">Movement per l'independéncia de l'Índia</a>, coma Bhagat Singh o Muhammad Iqbal. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1947" class="mw-redirect" title="1947">1947</a>, al moment de l'independéncia, lo Panjab es, amb lo <a href="/wiki/Bengala" title="Bengala">Bengala</a>, una de las doas províncias partejadas entre l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Paquistan" title="Paquistan">Paquistan</a> : lo Panjab oriental (gaireben 35 % de la província del <a href="/wiki/Raj_Britanic" title="Raj Britanic">Raj</a>) es ligat a l'Índia e lo Panab occidental (65 %) al Paquistan. Los desplaçaments de populacions e las violéncias que seguisson la particion fan de milions de mòrts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Geografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Geografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo Panjab, al temps de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emp%C3%A8ri_sikh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empèri sikh (la pagina existís pas)">Empèri sikh</a>, cobrissiá un larg territòri comprenant lo bacin de l'<a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indus</a> e l'aigavers entre l'Indus e la <a href="/wiki/Plana_Indogangetica" title="Plana Indogangetica">plana gangetica</a>. Se podava divisar en quatre regions naturalas : </p> <ul><li>la region montanhosa de l'èst, inclusissent lo Jammu e Cachemir</li> <li>la plana centrala e sos cinc rius ;</li> <li>la region nòrd-oèst separada de la plana centrala pel Salt Range entre los cors d'aiga Jhelum e Indus ;</li> <li>la region semidesertica al sud de la Sutlej.</li></ul> <p>L'Indus e los cinc rius prenon lor font dins las sèrra de mont al nòrd del Panjab e lèva la terranha, de minerals e de baldra cap a las ricas planas alluvialas que son plan fertilas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clima">Clima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Clima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Clima"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo clima es un factor important per l'economia de Panjab, subretot agricòl. Las zonas près d'Imalaia recebon de tombadas de pluèja mai fòrtas que las regions mai alunhadas dels monts. </p><p>I a tres principalas sasons e dos periòdes transitòris. Pendent la sason cauda, de mièg d'abril a la fin de junh, la temperatura pòt aténher <span style="white-space:nowrap">49 °C</span>. La <a href="/wiki/Monson" title="Monson">monson</a>, de julhet a setembre, es un periòde de fòrtas tombadas pluèja, portant d'aiga per las culturas e lo ret dels canals d'irrigacion. Lo periòde transitòri après la monson es doç e mèna a la sason d'ivèrn, ont las temperaturas en genièr davalan fins a <span style="white-space:nowrap">5 °C</span> la nuèch e <span style="white-space:nowrap">12 °C</span> lo jorn. Pendent lo periòde transitòri entre las sasons frescas e caudas, de tempèstas de granissas e la fòrtas tombadas de pluèjas pòdon se debanar, damatjant las culturas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lo_Panjab_paquistanés"><span id="Lo_Panjab_paquistan.C3.A9s"></span>Lo Panjab paquistanés</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo Panjab paquistanés" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo Panjab paquistanés"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Punjab_in_Pakistan_(claims_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Punjab_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg/200px-Punjab_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Punjab_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg/300px-Punjab_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Punjab_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg/400px-Punjab_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2365" data-file-height="1890" /></a><figcaption>La província paquistanesa del Panjab.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lo Panjab compta ara unes 90 milions dels 170 milions d'abitants del Paquistan, e representa 60 % del territòri del Panjab istoric. Son economia repausa massissament sus son sistème d'irrigacion, amb mai de 30 500 km de canals. Gaireben totes bastits jos la dominacion britanica. Lo Panjab domina lo <a href="/wiki/Paquistan" title="Paquistan">Paquistan</a> economicament, e tan una granda influéncia culturala. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lo_Panjab_indian">Lo Panjab indian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo Panjab indian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo Panjab indian"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Los Estats indians del <a href="/wiki/Panjab_(%C3%8Dndia)" title="Panjab (Índia)">Panjab</a>, de l'<a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> e de l'<a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> recobrisson 40 % del territòri del Panjab istoric. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L’Estat_indian"><span id="L.E2.80.99Estat_indian"></span>L’Estat indian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : L’Estat indian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L’Estat indian"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Punjab_in_India_(disputed_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Punjab_in_India_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg/200px-Punjab_in_India_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Punjab_in_India_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg/300px-Punjab_in_India_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Punjab_in_India_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg/399px-Punjab_in_India_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a><figcaption>L’Estat indian del Panjab.</figcaption></figure> <p>Son territòri compta 25 milions d'abitants per una superfícia de <span style="white-space:nowrap">50 362 km<sup>2</sup></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haryana">Haryana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Haryana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Haryana"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Son territòri compta 25 milions d'abitants per una superfícia de <span style="white-space:nowrap">44 212 km<sup>2</sup></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Himachal_Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Himachal Pradesh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&action=edit&section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Himachal Pradesh"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Son territòri compta 6 milions d'abitants per una superfícia de <span style="white-space:nowrap">55 673 km<sup>2</sup></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&action=edit&section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En anglés">(<abbr title="">en</abbr>)</span> Aqueste article es parcialament o en totalitat eissit d’una traduccion de l’article de Wikipèdia en <a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">anglés</a> intitolat « <i><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punjab_region&oldid=558043985">Punjab region</a></span></i> ».</li></ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligams_extèrnes"><span id="Ligams_ext.C3.A8rnes"></span>Ligams extèrnes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : Ligams extèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&action=edit&section=10" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Ligams extèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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