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a he-goat; and a king with his army around him.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/proverbs/30.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />A greyhound; an he goat also; and a king, against whom <i>there is</i> no rising up.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/proverbs/30.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />A greyhound, A male goat also, And a king <i>whose</i> troops <i>are</i> with him.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/proverbs/30.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />The strutting rooster or the male goat, And a king <i>when his</i> army is with him.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/proverbs/30.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />The strutting rooster, the male goat also, And a king when his army is with him.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/proverbs/30.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />The strutting cock, the male goat also, And a king <i>when his</i> army is with him.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/proverbs/30.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />The strutting rooster, the male goat also, And a king <i>when his</i> army is with him.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/proverbs/30.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />The strutting rooster, the male goat also, And the king <i>when his</i> army is with him.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/proverbs/30.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />a strutting rooster; a goat; and a king at the head of his army.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/proverbs/30.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />a strutting rooster, a goat, and a king at the head of his army. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/proverbs/30.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />The greyhound; the he-goat also; And the king against whom there is no rising up.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cev/proverbs/30.htm">Contemporary English Version</a></span><br />those proud roosters, those mountain goats, and those rulers who have no enemies. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/proverbs/30.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />The greyhound; the he-goat also; and the king, against whom there is no rising up.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/proverbs/30.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />a strutting rooster, a male goat, a king at the head of his army. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/proverbs/30.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />goats, strutting roosters, and kings in front of their people. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/proverbs/30.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />The strutting rooster, as well as the goat, and a king with his army.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/proverbs/30.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />a strutting rooster; a he-goat; and a king with his army around him.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/proverbs/30.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />a strutting rooster, a male goat, and a king with his army around him. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/proverbs/30.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />the greyhound, the male goat also; and the king against whom there is no rising up.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/proverbs/30.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />A greyhound; a he-goat also; and a king, against whom there is no rising up.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/proverbs/30.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />the greyhound; the male goat; and the king against whom there is no rising up. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/proverbs/30.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />A girt one of the loins, "" Also a male goat, "" And a king—troops with him.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/proverbs/30.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> A girt one of the loins, or a he-goat, And a king -- no rising up with him.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/proverbs/30.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />One girded in loins, or a he goat; and a king, no rising up with him.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/proverbs/30.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />A cock girded about the loins: and a ram: and a king, whom none can resist. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/proverbs/30.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />a rooster prepared at the loins, likewise a ram, and a king, whom none can resist.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/proverbs/30.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />The strutting cock, and the he-goat, and the king at the head of his people. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/proverbs/30.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />the strutting rooster, the he-goat, and a king striding before his people.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/proverbs/30.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />The cock that walks proudly among the chickens; the he-goat that goes before the flock; and a king who speaks among the people.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/proverbs/30.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />And a rooster that struts among hens, and the hegoat that goes at the head of the flock, and the King that speaks among the peoples.<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/proverbs/30.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />The greyhound; the he-goat also; And the king, against whom there is no rising up.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/proverbs/30.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />and a cock walking in boldly among the hens, and the goat leading the herd; and a king publicly speaking before a nation.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/proverbs/30-31.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kpUA5ZltBeQ?start=6386" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/proverbs/30.htm">The Words of Agur</a></span><br>…<span class="reftext">30</span>a lion, mighty among beasts, refusing to retreat before anything; <span class="reftext">31</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/2223.htm" title="2223: zar·zîr (N-msc) -- Girded. By reduplication from zuwr; properly, tightly girt, i.e. Probably a racer, or some fleet animal.">a strutting rooster;</a> <a href="/hebrew/4975.htm" title="4975: mā·ṯə·na·yim (N-md) -- Loins. From an unused root meaning to be slender; properly, the waist or small of the back; only in plural the loins."></a> <a href="/hebrew/176.htm" title="176: ’ōw- (Conj) -- Or. Presumed to be the constructive or genitival form of -av; short for 'avvah; desire; hence or, also if."></a> <a href="/hebrew/8495.htm" title="8495: ṯā·yiš (N-ms) -- Male goat. From an unused root meaning to butt; a buck or he-goat.">a he-goat;</a> <a href="/hebrew/4428.htm" title="4428: ū·me·leḵ (Conj-w:: N-ms) -- King. From malak; a king.">and a king</a> <a href="/hebrew/510.htm" title="510: ’al·qūm (Adv) -- A band of soldiers. Probably from 'al and quwm; a non-rising.">with his army</a> <a href="/hebrew/5973.htm" title="5973: ‘im·mōw (Prep:: 3ms) -- From amam; adverb or preposition, with, in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix.">around him.</a> </span><span class="reftext">32</span>If you have foolishly exalted yourself or if you have plotted evil, put your hand over your mouth.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/revelation/19-16.htm">Revelation 19:16</a></span><br />And He has a name written on His robe and on His thigh: KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/4-29.htm">1 Kings 4:29-34</a></span><br />And God gave Solomon wisdom, exceedingly deep insight, and understanding beyond measure, like the sand on the seashore. / Solomon’s wisdom was greater than that of all the men of the East, greater than all the wisdom of Egypt. / He was wiser than all men—wiser than Ethan the Ezrahite, and wiser than Heman, Calcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol. And his fame spread throughout the surrounding nations. ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/daniel/7-14.htm">Daniel 7:14</a></span><br />And He was given dominion, glory, and kingship, that the people of every nation and language should serve Him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and His kingdom is one that will never be destroyed.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/matthew/21-5.htm">Matthew 21:5</a></span><br />“Say to the Daughter of Zion, ‘See, your King comes to you, gentle and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey.’”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/9-6.htm">Isaiah 9:6-7</a></span><br />For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given, and the government will be upon His shoulders. And He will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. / Of the increase of His government and peace there will be no end. He will reign on the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish and sustain it with justice and righteousness from that time and forevermore. The zeal of the LORD of Hosts will accomplish this.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/genesis/49-10.htm">Genesis 49:10</a></span><br />The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the staff from between his feet, until Shiloh comes and the allegiance of the nations is his.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/zechariah/9-9.htm">Zechariah 9:9</a></span><br />Rejoice greatly, O Daughter of Zion! Shout in triumph, O Daughter of Jerusalem! See, your King comes to you, righteous and victorious, humble and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/psalms/72-8.htm">Psalm 72:8-11</a></span><br />May he rule from sea to sea, and from the Euphrates to the ends of the earth. / May the nomads bow before him, and his enemies lick the dust. / May the kings of Tarshish and distant shores bring tribute; may the kings of Sheba and Seba offer gifts. ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/john/12-15.htm">John 12:15</a></span><br />“Do not be afraid, O Daughter of Zion. See, your King is coming, seated on the colt of a donkey.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_timothy/6-15.htm">1 Timothy 6:15</a></span><br />which the blessed and only Sovereign One—the King of kings and Lord of lords—will bring about in His own time.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/psalms/45-3.htm">Psalm 45:3-5</a></span><br />Strap your sword at your side, O mighty warrior; appear in your majesty and splendor. / In your splendor ride forth in victory on behalf of truth and humility and justice; may your right hand show your awesome deeds. / Your arrows pierce the hearts of the king’s foes; the nations fall beneath your feet.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/luke/19-38.htm">Luke 19:38</a></span><br />“Blessed is the King who comes in the name of the Lord!” “Peace in heaven and glory in the highest!”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/11-1.htm">Isaiah 11:1-5</a></span><br />Then a shoot will spring up from the stump of Jesse, and a Branch from his roots will bear fruit. / The Spirit of the LORD will rest on Him—the Spirit of wisdom and understanding, the Spirit of counsel and strength, the Spirit of knowledge and fear of the LORD. / And He will delight in the fear of the LORD. He will not judge by what His eyes see, and He will not decide by what His ears hear, ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/matthew/28-18.htm">Matthew 28:18</a></span><br />Then Jesus came to them and said, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Me.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/psalms/2-6.htm">Psalm 2:6-9</a></span><br />“I have installed My King on Zion, upon My holy mountain.” / I will proclaim the decree spoken to Me by the LORD: “You are My Son; today I have become Your Father. / Ask Me, and I will make the nations Your inheritance, the ends of the earth Your possession. ...</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">A greyhound; an he goat also; and a king, against whom there is no rising up.</p><p class="hdg">greyhound or horse</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/proverbs/16-14.htm">Proverbs 16:14</a></b></br> The wrath of a king <i>is as</i> messengers of death: but a wise man will pacify it.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/proverbs/20-2.htm">Proverbs 20:2</a></b></br> The fear of a king <i>is</i> as the roaring of a lion: <i>whoso</i> provoketh him to anger sinneth <i>against</i> his own soul.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/daniel/3-15.htm">Daniel 3:15-18</a></b></br> Now if ye be ready that at what time ye hear the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, and dulcimer, and all kinds of musick, ye fall down and worship the image which I have made; <i>well</i>: but if ye worship not, ye shall be cast the same hour into the midst of a burning fiery furnace; and who <i>is</i> that God that shall deliver you out of my hands? … </p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/proverbs/7-26.htm">Army</a> <a href="/john/18-27.htm">Cock</a> <a href="/2_kings/1-8.htm">Girt</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/11-15.htm">Goat</a> <a href="/psalms/50-9.htm">He-Goat</a> <a href="/proverbs/26-3.htm">Horse</a> <a href="/psalms/69-23.htm">Loins</a> <a href="/psalms/66-15.htm">Male</a> <a href="/proverbs/28-28.htm">Rise</a> <a href="/proverbs/28-28.htm">Rising</a> <a href="/john/18-27.htm">Rooster</a> <a href="/isaiah/63-1.htm">Striding</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/songs/3-7.htm">Army</a> <a href="/matthew/26-34.htm">Cock</a> <a href="/songs/3-8.htm">Girt</a> <a href="/isaiah/11-6.htm">Goat</a> <a href="/ezekiel/43-22.htm">He-Goat</a> <a href="/songs/1-9.htm">Horse</a> <a href="/proverbs/31-17.htm">Loins</a> <a href="/ecclesiastes/2-7.htm">Male</a> <a href="/proverbs/31-28.htm">Rise</a> <a href="/ecclesiastes/1-5.htm">Rising</a> <a href="/matthew/26-34.htm">Rooster</a> <a href="/isaiah/63-1.htm">Striding</a><div class="vheading2">Proverbs 30</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/proverbs/30-1.htm">Agur's confession of his faith</a></span><br><span class="reftext">7. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/proverbs/30-7.htm">The two points of his prayer</a></span><br><span class="reftext">10. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/proverbs/30-10.htm">The meanest are not to be wronged</a></span><br><span class="reftext">11. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/proverbs/30-11.htm">Four wicked generations</a></span><br><span class="reftext">15. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/proverbs/30-15.htm">Four things insatiable</a></span><br><span class="reftext">24. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/proverbs/30-24.htm">four things exceeding wise</a></span><br><span class="reftext">29. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/proverbs/30-29.htm">Four things stately</a></span><br><span class="reftext">32. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/proverbs/30-32.htm">Wrath is to be prevented</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <br /><br /> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/proverbs/30.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/proverbs/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/proverbs/30.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div><b>a strutting rooster</b><br>The rooster is often seen as a symbol of vigilance and pride. In biblical times, roosters were common in the region and known for their confident demeanor. This imagery may remind readers of the need for vigilance in spiritual life, akin to the rooster's alertness at dawn. The rooster's crowing is also significant in the New Testament, notably in Peter's denial of Christ (<a href="/matthew/26-34.htm">Matthew 26:34</a>), symbolizing awareness and the call to repentance.<p><b>a he-goat</b><br>The he-goat is a symbol of leadership and strength. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, goats were valued for their resourcefulness and ability to lead flocks. The he-goat's role as a leader among animals can be seen as a metaphor for strong and decisive leadership. In <a href="/daniel/8.htm">Daniel 8</a>, a goat represents the kingdom of Greece, led by Alexander the Great, highlighting the power and influence of a leader. The he-goat's imagery may also point to the need for spiritual leaders to guide with wisdom and strength.<p><b>and a king with his army around him</b><br>This phrase emphasizes the authority and command of a king, surrounded by his loyal subjects. In ancient Israel, a king's strength was often measured by the loyalty and readiness of his army. This imagery reflects the biblical ideal of a righteous king who leads with justice and is supported by his people. It can also be seen as a type of Christ, the King of Kings, who leads His spiritual army, the Church, with authority and righteousness. The unity and order of the king's army serve as a model for the Church's unity under Christ's leadership.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/s/strutting_rooster.htm">Strutting Rooster</a></b><br>The rooster is often seen as a symbol of pride and confidence. In the context of this proverb, it represents a creature that walks with assurance and authority.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/h/he-goat.htm">He-Goat</a></b><br>The he-goat is a leader among the flock, known for its strength and ability to guide. It symbolizes leadership and the natural order of authority.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/k/king_with_his_army.htm">King with His Army</a></b><br>This refers to a king who is secure and confident because he is surrounded by his loyal subjects. It represents the ultimate human authority and the power that comes from unity and support.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/c/confidence_in_god-given_roles.htm">Confidence in God-Given Roles</a></b><br>Just as the rooster, he-goat, and king exhibit confidence in their roles, believers are called to embrace their God-given roles with assurance and faith.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/l/leadership_and_responsibility.htm">Leadership and Responsibility</a></b><br>The he-goat and king remind us of the importance of leadership and the responsibility that comes with it. Christians are called to lead with integrity and care for those entrusted to them.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/u/unity_and_support.htm">Unity and Support</a></b><br>The king's strength is amplified by his army, illustrating the power of unity. In the body of Christ, believers are encouraged to support one another, creating a strong community of faith.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/a/awareness_and_vigilance.htm">Awareness and Vigilance</a></b><br>The strutting rooster serves as a reminder to be vigilant and aware of our surroundings, spiritually and morally, to avoid falling into temptation.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/a/authority_and_humility.htm">Authority and Humility</a></b><br>While the proverb highlights authority, it also calls for humility, recognizing that true strength comes from God and is exercised in service to others.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_proverbs_30.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Proverbs 30</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/who_is_agur_in_the_book_of_proverbs.htm">Who is Agur in the Book of Proverbs?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/what_life_advice_does_proverbs_give.htm">What wisdom and guidance does Proverbs offer for life?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/who_is_king_lemuel_in_the_bible.htm">Who is King Lemuel in the Bible?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/common_questions_about_proverbs.htm">What are common questions about proverbs?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/proverbs/30.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(31) <span class= "bld">A greyhound.--</span>It is very doubtful what animal is meant here as being <span class= "ital">"</span>girt [i.e., slender] in the loins." Several have been suggested, <span class= "ital">e.g., </span>the horse, zebra, cock; but the rendering of the Authorised Version is as probable as any.<p><span class= "bld">A king, against whom there is no rising up.--</span>Who marches with resistless force, trampling on his conquered foes. (Comp. the description of the march of the Assyrians, <a href="/isaiah/37-24.htm" title="By your servants have you reproached the Lord, and have said, By the multitude of my chariots am I come up to the height of the mountains, to the sides of Lebanon; and I will cut down the tall cedars thereof, and the choice fir trees thereof: and I will enter into the height of his border, and the forest of his Carmel.">Isaiah 37:24</a> <span class= "ital">sqq.</span>; comp. also <a href="/isaiah/63-1.htm" title="Who is this that comes from Edom, with dyed garments from Bozrah? this that is glorious in his apparel, traveling in the greatness of his strength? I that speak in righteousness, mighty to save.">Isaiah 63:1</a> <span class= "ital">sqq. </span>and <a href="/joel/2-2.htm" title="A day of darkness and of gloominess, a day of clouds and of thick darkness, as the morning spread on the mountains: a great people and a strong; there has not been ever the like, neither shall be any more after it, even to the years of many generations.">Joel 2:2</a> <span class= "ital">sqq.</span>) It has been proposed to translate these words also as "a king with whom is [i.e., followed by] his people," in much the same sense.<p><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/proverbs/30.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 31.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">A greyhound;</span> <span class="hebrew">זַרְזִיר מָתְנַיִם</span> (<span class="accented">zarzir mothnayim</span>), "girt in the loins" (<span class="greek">περιεσφιγμένος τὴν ὀσφόν</span>, Symmachus), an expression very vague, and, as the name of an animal, occurring nowhere else in the Old Testament. In post-biblical Hebrew <span class="accented">zarzir is</span> found as the name of some pugnacious bird, and the Septuagint, Vulgate, and Syriac call it here the cock. So also Aquila and Theodotion. But if the word is onomatopoetic, it would seem to apply with more propriety to one of the raven tribe; and then what is to be made of the allusion to the loins? And how comes it that amid the quadrupeds in the gnome a bird should suddenly be introduced, as one stately in going? It seems certain that some quadruped is here meant, but what? What animal has as characteristic tight-girded loins or slender or active loins? There are, indeed, many that might be so designated, but none that, as far as we know, appropriated this unique appellation. Hence various opinions are held by commentators concerning the identification. The zebra, say some, with its stripes, which may be thus denoted; the war horse, say others, comparing <a href="/job/39-19.htm">Job 39:19, 25</a>, and considering the trappings with which, as we see in ancient sculptures, he was adorned; others, again, fix upon the leopard as the beast intended. But that of the Authorized Version seems, on the whole, to be the most likely rendering, the slender, agile make of the greyhound having given cause for the appropriation of the term used in the text. Delitzsch compares the German word <span class="accented">windspiel</span>, which designates the greyhound without the necessity of using the full term, <span class="accented">wiadspielhund</span>. The only points which may be considered adverse to this view are these two, viz. the ill repute in which dogs were held by the Hebrews, Scripture consistently disparaging and despising them; and the fact that, as far as we have information, the Jews did not use dogs for hunting purposes, though nowadays the Arabs keep a kind of Persian greyhound for sporting, and Assyrian monuments have familiarized us with the appearance of hounds employed in the chase of the lion and the wild ox. Agur may be referring to what he has seen elsewhere, but what was well known to these for whom he wrote. Gesenius suggests (253), "a warrior girt in the loins," which is adopted by Wordsworth, and gives a suitable idea. This would correspond with the king in the last line; but the interpretation is quite arbitrary, and supported by no ancient authority, resting on the fact that girding the loins is always spoken of human beings. The cock strutting among his hens is, as we have hinted, the idea which approves itself to many ancient translators. Thus the Septuagint, <span class="greek">ἀλέκτωρ ἐμπεριπατῶν θηλείαις εὔψυχος</span>. We are not disposed to adept this identification, more especially as common poultry were unknown in Palestine till long after Solomon's time. Certainly what we call cocks and hens, or barn door fowls, are never mentioned in the Old Testament. and seem to have been introduced from Persia after the rise of the Persian empire. The latest editors decide for the war horse; but the conflicting claims cannot be reconciled, and the matter must be left undetermined. <span class="cmt_word">An he goat also.</span> This is a very natural comparison, as the stately manner in which the he goat (<span class="accented">tay-ish</span>, "the butter") heads the flock has been always observed. The LXX. expresses this, paraphrasing, "and the he goat leading the herd." "Flocks of goats are very numerous in Palestine at this day, as they were in former ages. We see them everywhere on the mountains, in smaller or larger numbers; at times also along with sheep, as one flock, in which ease it is usually a he goat that is the special leader of the whole, walking before it as gravely as a sexton before the white flock of a church choir" (Geikie, 'Holy Land,' 1:232). <span class="cmt_word">A king, against whom there is no rising up;</span> Vulgate, <span class="accented">nec est rex qui resistat ei</span>, which ought to mean "and a king whom nothing resists," but can scarcely be compelled to produce this meaning without violence. The difficulty in the sentence arises from the word <span class="hebrew">אַלקוּם</span>, which in the above rendering is regarded as composed of the negative <span class="accented">al</span>, and <span class="accented">kum</span>, the infinitive, "to rise against, oppose." But this is contrary to grammatical usage, and would be a solecism. To some it has seemed that a proper name was intended, and they have invented a King Alkum or Alkimos, whom they suppose to have been celebrated in or after Solomon's time. Many modern commentators take the word to be an Arabic expression, consisting of <span class="accented">al</span>, the definite article, and <span class="accented">kum</span>, "people," and consider the meaning to be "a king with whom is the people," <span class="accented">i</span>.<span class="accented">e</span>. surrounded by his people or army. This is certainly a stately sight, and may well stand parallel to the hero lion among beasts, and the bold he goat at the head of the flock. Other Arabic expressions may probably be found elsewhere in this chapter; <span class="accented">e.g.</span>, vers. 15, 16, 17, <span class="accented">aluka</span>, etc. Septuagint, "a king haranguing before a nation (<span class="greek">δημηγορῶν ἐν ἔθνει</span>)." This passage, again, has been taken in a spiritual sense as referring to Christ, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Warrior girt with the sword, the Leader of the flock, the King of kings. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/proverbs/30-31.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">a strutting rooster,</span><br /><span class="heb">זַרְזִ֣יר</span> <span class="translit">(zar·zîr)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2223.htm">Strong's 2223: </a> </span><span class="str2">Tightly girt, a racer, some fleet animal</span><br /><br /><span class="word">a he-goat,</span><br /><span class="heb">תָ֑יִשׁ</span> <span class="translit">(ṯā·yiš)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_8495.htm">Strong's 8495: </a> </span><span class="str2">A buck, he-goat</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and a king</span><br /><span class="heb">וּ֝מֶ֗לֶךְ</span> <span class="translit">(ū·me·leḵ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4428.htm">Strong's 4428: </a> </span><span class="str2">A king</span><br /><br /><span class="word">with his army</span><br /><span class="heb">אַלְק֥וּם</span> <span class="translit">(’al·qūm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Adverb<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_510.htm">Strong's 510: </a> </span><span class="str2">A band of soldiers</span><br /><br /><span class="word">around him.</span><br /><span class="heb">עִמּֽוֹ׃</span> <span class="translit">(‘im·mōw)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition | third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5973.htm">Strong's 5973: </a> </span><span class="str2">With, equally with</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/proverbs/30-31.htm">Proverbs 30:31 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/proverbs/30-31.htm">Proverbs 30:31 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/proverbs/30-31.htm">Proverbs 30:31 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/proverbs/30-31.htm">Proverbs 30:31 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/proverbs/30-31.htm">Proverbs 30:31 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/proverbs/30-31.htm">Proverbs 30:31 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/proverbs/30-31.htm">Proverbs 30:31 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/proverbs/30-31.htm">Proverbs 30:31 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/proverbs/30-31.htm">Proverbs 30:31 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/proverbs/30-31.htm">Proverbs 30:31 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/proverbs/30-31.htm">OT Poetry: Proverbs 30:31 The greyhound the male goat also (Prov. Pro Pr) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/proverbs/30-30.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Proverbs 30:30"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Proverbs 30:30" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/proverbs/30-32.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Proverbs 30:32"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Proverbs 30:32" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>