CINXE.COM

Bomb threat - Wikipedia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Bomb threat - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"61e0f110-1214-4e66-963d-4e14358160fc","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Bomb_threat","wgTitle":"Bomb threat","wgCurRevisionId":1277504862,"wgRevisionId":1277504862,"wgArticleId":146369,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024","Commons category link from Wikidata","Crimes","Emergency services","Speech crimes","Terrorism tactics","Civil defense"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Bomb_threat","wgRelevantArticleId":146369,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Hoax_bomb","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Bomb_threat","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q834368","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Bomb threat - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomb_threat"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomb_threat"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Bomb_threat rootpage-Bomb_threat skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Bomb+threat" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Bomb+threat" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Bomb+threat" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Bomb+threat" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motivations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motivations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Motivations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Motivations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Motivations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Motivations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ideological" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideological"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ideological</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideological-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extortion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extortion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Extortion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extortion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hoax_device" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hoax_device"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Hoax device</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hoax_device-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-False_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#False_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>False flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-False_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Political</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Targets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Targets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Targets</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Targets-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Targets subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Targets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Schools_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Schools and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Public figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_public_infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_public_infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Government and public infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_and_public_infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_institutions_and_businesses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_institutions_and_businesses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Private institutions and businesses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_institutions_and_businesses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Methods</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Methods-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Methods subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indirect_threats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indirect_threats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Indirect threats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indirect_threats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Credibility_and_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Credibility_and_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Credibility and response</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Credibility_and_response-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Credibility and response subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Credibility_and_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable incidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bomb threat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombendrohung" title="Bombendrohung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bombendrohung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="बम की धमकी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बम की धमकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombariad%C3%B3" title="Bombariadó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bombariadó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommelding" title="Bommelding – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bommelding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Претња бомбама – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Претња бомбама" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombhot" title="Bombhot – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bombhot" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83" title="Загроза вибуху – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Загроза вибуху" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%85_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DA%BE%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="بم کی دھمکی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بم کی دھمکی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%B8%E5%BD%88%E5%A8%81%E8%84%85" title="炸彈威脅 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="炸彈威脅" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q834368#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bomb_threat" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Bomb_threat" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bomb_threat"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bomb_threat"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Bomb_threat" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Bomb_threat" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;oldid=1277504862" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=Bomb_threat&amp;id=1277504862&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBomb_threat"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBomb_threat"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Bomb_threat&amp;action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bomb_threat" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q834368" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoax_bomb&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoax bomb">Hoax bomb</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Threat to detonate an explosive device</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bomb scare" redirects here. For the song by 2 Bad Mice, see <a href="/wiki/Bombscare" title="Bombscare">Bombscare</a>.</div> <p>A <b>bomb threat</b> or <b>bomb scare</b> is a threat, usually <a href="/wiki/Words" class="mw-redirect" title="Words">verbal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Written" class="mw-redirect" title="Written">written</a>, to detonate an <a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">explosive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Incendiary_device" title="Incendiary device">incendiary device</a> to cause <a href="/wiki/Property_damage" title="Property damage">property damage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">death</a>, <a href="/wiki/Injuries" class="mw-redirect" title="Injuries">injuries</a>, and/or incite <a href="/wiki/Fear" title="Fear">fear</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> whether or not such a device actually exists. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bomb threats were used to incite fear and violence during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Civil Rights Movement">American Civil Rights Movement</a>, during which leader of the movement <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> received multiple bomb threats during public addresses,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and schools forced to integrate faced strong opposition, resulting in 43 bomb threats against Central High School in Arkansas being broadcast on TV and the radio.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motivations">Motivations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Motivations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Supposed motives for bomb threats include: "humor, self assertion, anger, manipulation, aggression, hate and devaluation, omnipotence, fantasy, and psychotic distortion,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ideology, retaliation," and creating chaos.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Many of the motives based on personal emotion are speculative.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bomb threats that aren’t intended to be pranks are often made as parts of other crimes, such as <a href="/wiki/Extortion" title="Extortion">extortion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">arson</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_hijacking" title="Aircraft hijacking">aircraft hijacking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Actual bombings for <a href="/wiki/Vandalism" title="Vandalism">malicious destruction of property</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a> are often perpetrated without warning.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ideological">Ideological</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Ideological"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bomb threats may be motivated by political, religious, and ideological differences. These include political issues, <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a>, animal testing, <a href="/wiki/Eco-terrorism" title="Eco-terrorism">eco-terrorism</a>, and use of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a>. The aim of these threats is to draw attention to certain causes or incite fear and unrest among those who support said causes.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Some threats are racially-motivated,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> while others are made against houses of worship or research and medical facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extortion">Extortion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Extortion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bomb threats made as part of <a href="/wiki/Extortion" title="Extortion">extortion</a> schemes demand some form of bribe, payment, or incentive to prevent the use of a bomb. The payment can be made in the form of cash, <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or forcing the victim to adhere to demands.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hoax_device">Hoax device</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Hoax device"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b>hoax device</b> has the appearance of a destructive device or biological weapon, and is intended to cause a reasonable person to assume the item was a truly destructive device capable of causing injury or death.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Because of the potential for loss of life, injury, and property damage of a bomb detonation, bomb threats are treated as realistic and maliciously intended by authorities until proven otherwise.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bomb threats made as jokes or pranks, especially those made against schools, annually waste thousands of dollars in law enforcement costs, other government resources, and educational time.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> These threats may be made as distractions or disruptions, forcing school officials to cancel or postpone planned activities such as exams.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="False_flag">False flag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: False flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">False flag</a> bomb threats are made to create the appearance of a specific group or person being responsible for an activity to disguise the true perpetrators.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political">Political</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Political"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bomb threats can be part of politically-motivated operations. For example: It was reportedly used as a pretext by the <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarusian</a> government to divert <a href="/wiki/Ryanair_Flight_4978" title="Ryanair Flight 4978">Ryanair Flight 4978</a> to <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a> to arrest <a href="/wiki/Raman_Pratasevich" class="mw-redirect" title="Raman Pratasevich">Raman Pratasevich</a>, an oppositional figure. As a result the nation was accused of committing <a href="/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">state terrorism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Targets">Targets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Targets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools_and_universities">Schools and universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Schools and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bomb threats are often made toward educational institutions. They are typically by students who are overwhelmed by academic pressure,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> are resentful of the school, and/or are acting on violent impulses. Their frustration may be aimed at specific groups or individuals that are part of the school’s community.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:16_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:17_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During 1999— which was the most recent year with publicly published data as of 2005— roughly 5% of bomb threats made in the United States targeted schools. Over a decade later bomb threats against schools saw a 33% increase of while threats against residences decreased by 35% between 2014 and 2016. <sup id="cite_ref-:6_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Perpetrators of bomb threats are usually immediately expelled or fired from the school. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>On December 16, 2013 at approximately 8:30 a.m. the final exams at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> were disrupted by several anonymous emails threatening plant <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nail_bomb" class="extiw" title="wikt:nail bomb">shrapnel bombs</a> at various locations on the campus.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="The article never mentions the type of bomb. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> The FBI charged Eldo Kim, a <a href="/wiki/Sophomore" title="Sophomore">sophomore</a> at Harvard, for the false bomb threats on the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eldo Kim agreed to take responsibility for his attempt to cancel the fall 2013 final exams on November 19th, 2014. Following his legal agreement, Kim agreed to publish his confession in <a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Crimson" title="The Harvard Crimson">The Harvard Crimson</a> on November 25th, pay restitution to law enforcement agencies, complete a rehabilitative "diversionary program", remain under home confinement for four months, and perform 750 hours of community service.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_figures">Public figures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Public figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bomb threats against political figures such as the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>, occur regularly and are illegal under the United States Code Title 18, Section 871 law.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">British royal family</a>, specifically Queen Elizabeth, has faced bomb threats based on blame for the actions of the British government.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Celebrities may also be the victims of bomb threats, especially those who have expressed political views,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or those who are leaders of political causes.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Author <a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a> and his publisher faced multiple bomb threats from Islamic fundamentalist groups because of his controversial book <a href="/wiki/The_Satanic_Verses" title="The Satanic Verses">The Satanic Verses</a>, which was interpreted by these groups as opposing Muslim ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_and_public_infrastructure">Government and public infrastructure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Government and public infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bomb_threat_20080316_Salon_du_livre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bomb_threat_20080316_Salon_du_livre.jpg/250px-Bomb_threat_20080316_Salon_du_livre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bomb_threat_20080316_Salon_du_livre.jpg/330px-Bomb_threat_20080316_Salon_du_livre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bomb_threat_20080316_Salon_du_livre.jpg/500px-Bomb_threat_20080316_Salon_du_livre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3468" data-file-height="2308" /></a><figcaption>Evacuation of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Expo_Porte_de_Versailles" title="Paris Expo Porte de Versailles">Paris Expo Porte de Versailles</a> during the 2008 Salon du livre de Paris, after a bomb threat</figcaption></figure> <p>Many buildings are the recipients of bomb threats, including transportation hubs such as airports and train stations,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mall_evacuated_over_bomb_threat_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mall_evacuated_over_bomb_threat-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> power plants, medical facilities,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and government buildings<sup id="cite_ref-:22_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">the Pentagon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Associated_Press_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the US Embassy,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Casa_Rosada" title="Casa Rosada">Casa Rosada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Among these, airports, city halls, and courthouses are most likely to experience repeated bomb threats.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Among bomb threats related to transportation, threats and false information knowingly provided about bombs on airplanes have the most severe response.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_institutions_and_businesses">Private institutions and businesses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Private institutions and businesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Private institutions and businesses, including as banks, department stores, malls, casinos, restaurants, manufacturing plants,<sup id="cite_ref-:18_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and truck stops, have been the recipients of bomb threats for various reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mall_evacuated_over_bomb_threat_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mall_evacuated_over_bomb_threat-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Some bomb threats are made because of ideological differences or opposition to the mission or perceived mission of the institution, such as those made against <a href="/wiki/Planned_Parenthood" title="Planned Parenthood">Planned Parenthood</a> and abortion clinics,<sup id="cite_ref-Woods_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woods-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> news organizations such as <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Associated_Press_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or nuclear facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> From 1983 to 1992, the World Trade Center experienced roughly 350 bomb threats and scares for various reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-:19_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some threats are motivated by money, involving an offender demanding a payoff from a bank or department store over a public phone.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Other reasons for attacking a restaurant or shopping center include revenge or vandalism, the primary motives found in a study analyzing 69 Finnish offenders.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methods">Methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A majority of bomb threats are perpetrated by middle-aged men who make these threats via a telephone call.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:18_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Different types of offenders tend to call the target directly on a public phone to demand money, call directly on a personal line because of resentment, or call emergency service lines and make threats for personal entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_61-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bomb threats may also be made by text message, as in the case of a March 2004 message to a private operator sending a warning of bombs in five <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> schools,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and February 2014 messages to school employees of <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo de Manila University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bomb threats may be made in letters or notes,<sup id="cite_ref-:15_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:16_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> delivered either personally or through the mail system. Packages intended to mimic or represent bombs, including backpacks, luggage, bags, or attache cases,<sup id="cite_ref-:19_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> even if they may not have the capability of exploding because of poor construction or intentional choices, are still treated as potential explosives, as in the case of 13 devices mailed to various politicians and opponents of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Electronic bomb threats may be made over websites,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> email,<sup id="cite_ref-:17_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or social media,<sup id="cite_ref-:15_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:20_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> as in the case of the emailed wave of <a href="/wiki/2018_Bitcoin_bomb_threats" title="2018 Bitcoin bomb threats">2018 Bitcoin bomb threats</a> in the United States and Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Woods_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woods-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A series of mail bombs sent to celebrities based on their political ideologies was found to have been preceded by threats on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>They can also be made face-to-face.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indirect_threats">Indirect threats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Indirect threats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many activities treated as bomb threats do not explicitly state an intent to set off an explosive; nevertheless, they convey through context or action that a threat is being made. Some actions may indicate an intent to bomb, such as parking a truck outside an abortion clinic, after a similar bombing made by the same vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In other scenarios, a message mentioning bombs may be interpreted as a threat based on context, such as an email to a school principal reading "bomb,"<sup id="cite_ref-:17_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> a statement that a bomb exists in a specific location,<sup id="cite_ref-:15_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:18_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:16_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the expression of a desire to build a bomb,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> a description of a bomb that was placed,<sup id="cite_ref-:20_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or other communications.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Credibility_and_response">Credibility and response</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Credibility and response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most bomb threats are false alarms which do not involve actual explosives, only the incitement of fear.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> There are more bomb threats than incidents, with only 14 of 1,055 school incidents recorded from 1990 to 2002 being preceded by threats.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to the Hunter-Howler threat dynamic, the group of people who make bomb threats is largely separate from those who attempt a real bombing, which typically occurs without warning.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Standard procedure is usually to take all threats seriously because civilians are usually threatened by them if valid as well as the community,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and arrests may be made even for bomb threats made falsely as in most jurisdictions even hoaxes are a crime.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Signs that a threat is legitimate include an out-of-place object found, a motive or specific targets being stated, and multiple calls or specific threats being made.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Police and <a href="/wiki/Bomb_disposal" title="Bomb disposal">bomb disposal</a> professionals are typically alerted to respond to bomb threat incidents to assess and mitigate potential harm. Schools and government organizations offer instructions and sometimes training for both bomb prevention planning and response to assist those facing bomb threats.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Organizations involved in responding to a bomb threat may also include anti-terrorism government agencies, fire departments, and other emergency services.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The decision to <a href="/wiki/Emergency_evacuation" title="Emergency evacuation">evacuate</a> an area or <a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">building</a>, depending on the perceived reliability of the threat, may be made by local controlling authorities or those in charge of the targeted facility based on advice from <a href="/wiki/Bomb_disposal" title="Bomb disposal">bomb disposal</a> experts.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> When a large facility is involved, it can be very difficult and time-consuming to ensure the absence of any bomb or other hazardous device or substance. A search is conducted for out-of-place packages that have features such as unusual shapes, sounds, smells, leakage, or electrical components. Bomb-sniffing dogs may be used as part of this search.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:15_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Forensic evidence and law enforcement searches are then used to attempt to locate the perpetrator. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law">Law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the terms "bomb threat" and "bomb scare" are often used interchangeably, a bomb threat in the legal context is typically in the form of a statement, or some "communicated intent to inflict harm,"<sup id="cite_ref-:14_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:21_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> whereas a "bomb scare" refers to situations of imminent risk, such as the discovery of a suspicious bag.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> These are both distinct from false statements knowingly made about bombs, which are sometimes also criminalized.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some statutory definitions include the threatened use, release or placement of other harmful agents, such as <a href="/wiki/Poison" title="Poison">poisons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biological_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological weapon">biological pathogens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radioactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive">radioactive</a> materials, or even a dangerous weapon (e.g., aboard an airliner). Other statutes enhance the penalties for threats made against specific places or persons (e.g. government facilities or dignitaries), and the actual <a href="/wiki/Possession_(law)" title="Possession (law)">possession</a> of harmful devices or agents. Prosecution of making a bomb threat hinges only on the victim's reasonable belief of the threat's veracity rather than the actual existence of a dangerous device.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A total of 1536 bomb threat incidents took place in the US in 2016, 254 of which were made against businesses and 186 of which were made to residences.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Criminal statutes typically dictate severe penalties. For example, in <a href="/wiki/The_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="The United States">the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> provides for penalties of up to 20 years in <a href="/wiki/Prison" title="Prison">prison</a>, up to $50,000 <a href="/wiki/Fine_(penalty)" title="Fine (penalty)">fine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Restitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Restitution">restitution</a> for the costs of the disruption.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> law makes it a "Class E <a href="/wiki/Felony" title="Felony">Felony</a> ... to issue a false bomb threat directed toward a school in New York State."<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Even a false bomb threat has a maximum fine of $5,000 and up to 5 years in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In Orange County in North Carolina, a person may face "a felony charge, a 365-day suspension, revocation of his or her driver’s license, and a civil lawsuit of up to $25,000."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current federal law regarding bomb threats applies to a person who "threatens by any means the placement or setting of a weapon of mass destruction."<sup id="cite_ref-:20_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Although there is some contention as to whether the law is overly broad, some current statutes making bomb threats illegal do not define a "threat," as a "true threat", meaning that the intent to use an actual bomb,<sup id="cite_ref-rt_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rt-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the existence of a target,<sup id="cite_ref-:21_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or the ability to convince the recipient that a bomb exists,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> is not relevant.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This is because verbal acts which inherently cause panic are not protected under <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rt_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rt-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, other sentencing guidelines apply only to "defendants whose conduct evidenced an intent to carry out the threat"<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Society">Society</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bomb threats are likely influenced by the power of suggestion and mass media, with threats likely to be made against targets with recent media coverage. Analysis suggests bomb threats against nuclear energy facilities tend to follow greater publicity of nuclear power problems.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the 6 months after the 1999 <a href="/wiki/Columbine_High_School_massacre" title="Columbine High School massacre">Columbine High School massacre</a>, there were a reported 5,000 bomb threats made against schools, with hundreds more made every year.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Before 1999, there were roughly 1 to 2 threats a year, but by May 1999 a Gallup poll showed one fifth of teenage students experiencing a bomb threat evacuation.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Because of copycat trends, some schools are moving toward policies of immediate criminal action against students caught making such threats, regardless of motivation.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In addition, the FBI has created a campaign, namely “#ThinkBeforeYouPost”, and warns students not to post or send any threats against a school online.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_incidents">Notable incidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Notable incidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2006 <a href="/wiki/4chan#Threats_of_violence" title="4chan">NFL bomb threat hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_University_of_Pittsburgh_bomb_threats" title="2012 University of Pittsburgh bomb threats">2012 University of Pittsburgh bomb threats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Australian_school_bomb_threats" title="2016 Australian school bomb threats">2016 Australian school bomb threats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jewish_Community_Center_bomb_threats" title="2017 Jewish Community Center bomb threats">2017 Jewish Community Center bomb threats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2018_United_States_mail_bombing_attempts" title="October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts">October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Bitcoin_bomb_threats" title="2018 Bitcoin bomb threats">2018 Bitcoin bomb threats</a></li> <li>2021 <a href="/wiki/Ryanair_Flight_4978" title="Ryanair Flight 4978">Ryanair Flight 4978</a> bomb threat hoax</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Threat" title="Threat">Threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomb" title="Bomb">Bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_threat" title="Death threat">Death threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swatting" title="Swatting">Swatting</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/people-v-turnage-34119">"People v. Turnage, 55 Cal. 4th 62"</a>. <i>California Supreme Court Resources</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=California+Supreme+Court+Resources&amp;rft.atitle=People+v.+Turnage%2C+55+Cal.+4th+62&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscocal.stanford.edu%2Fopinion%2Fpeople-v-turnage-34119&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914fc40add7b049349b24f0">"State v. Dekowski, 218 N.J. 596"</a>. <i>CaseMine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=CaseMine&amp;rft.atitle=State+v.+Dekowski%2C+218+N.J.+596&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.casemine.com%2Fjudgement%2Fus%2F5914fc40add7b049349b24f0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/king-visits-yale-university-delivers-future-integration">"King visits Yale University; delivers "The Future of Integration"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>King Institute</i>. Stanford University. 29 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=King+Institute&amp;rft.atitle=King+visits+Yale+University%3B+delivers+%22The+Future+of+Integration%22&amp;rft.date=2017-06-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkinginstitute.stanford.edu%2Fencyclopedia%2Fking-visits-yale-university-delivers-future-integration&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/bomb-scare-delays-kings-address-nashville-christian-leadership-conference-fisk">"Bomb scare delays King's address to Nashville Christian Leadership Conference at Fisk University"</a>. <i>King Institute</i>. Stanford University. 5 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=King+Institute&amp;rft.atitle=Bomb+scare+delays+King%27s+address+to+Nashville+Christian+Leadership+Conference+at+Fisk+University&amp;rft.date=2017-08-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkinginstitute.stanford.edu%2Fencyclopedia%2Fbomb-scare-delays-kings-address-nashville-christian-leadership-conference-fisk&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKruzman2019" class="citation news cs1">Kruzman, Diana (January 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailytrojan.com/2019/01/21/52-years-ago-a-bomb-threat-interrupted-mlks-speech-at-bovard/">"52 years ago, a bomb threat interrupted MLK's speech at Bovard"</a>. <i>Daily Trojan</i>. California: University of Southern California<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Daily+Trojan&amp;rft.atitle=52+years+ago%2C+a+bomb+threat+interrupted+MLK%27s+speech+at+Bovard&amp;rft.date=2019-01-21&amp;rft.aulast=Kruzman&amp;rft.aufirst=Diana&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailytrojan.com%2F2019%2F01%2F21%2F52-years-ago-a-bomb-threat-interrupted-mlks-speech-at-bovard%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F2/257/257.F2d.33.16034.html">"Aaron v. Cooper, 257 F.2d 33"</a>. <i>resource.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=resource.org&amp;rft.atitle=Aaron+v.+Cooper%2C+257+F.2d+33&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.resource.org%2Fpub%2Fus%2Fcase%2Freporter%2FF2%2F257%2F257.F2d.33.16034.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWagnerRochaTatumLevenson2018" class="citation news cs1">Wagner, Meg; Rocha, Veronica; Tatum, Sophie; Levenson, Eric; Ries, Brian; Murphy, Paul P.; Yeung, Jessie (November 5, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/clintons-obama-suspicious-packages/index.html">"Suspect arrested after explosive devices sent to Trump critics and CNN"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CNN&amp;rft.atitle=Suspect+arrested+after+explosive+devices+sent+to+Trump+critics+and+CNN&amp;rft.date=2018-11-05&amp;rft.aulast=Wagner&amp;rft.aufirst=Meg&amp;rft.au=Rocha%2C+Veronica&amp;rft.au=Tatum%2C+Sophie&amp;rft.au=Levenson%2C+Eric&amp;rft.au=Ries%2C+Brian&amp;rft.au=Murphy%2C+Paul+P.&amp;rft.au=Yeung%2C+Jessie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Fpolitics%2Flive-news%2Fclintons-obama-suspicious-packages%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/moosavi-v-state-2">"Moosavi v. State, 355 Md. 651"</a>. <i>Casetext</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Casetext&amp;rft.atitle=Moosavi+v.+State%2C+355+Md.+651&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Fmoosavi-v-state-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/68f80ca783a84d808e31ac710e0b9bea">"Indictment: Hackers charged with making threats to schools"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. February 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Indictment%3A+Hackers+charged+with+making+threats+to+schools&amp;rft.date=2019-02-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F68f80ca783a84d808e31ac710e0b9bea&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/183f3fda6e354192a64b737c1ae1f88e">"UK teen jailed for 3 years for bomb hoaxes"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. December 7, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=UK+teen+jailed+for+3+years+for+bomb+hoaxes&amp;rft.date=2018-12-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F183f3fda6e354192a64b737c1ae1f88e&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNewman2011" class="citation journal cs1">Newman, Graeme R. (August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://popcenter.asu.edu/content/bomb-threats-schools-0">"Bomb Threats in Schools"</a>. <i>Center for Problem-Oriented Policing</i>. <b>32</b>. Arizona State University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Center+for+Problem-Oriented+Policing&amp;rft.atitle=Bomb+Threats+in+Schools&amp;rft.volume=32&amp;rft.date=2011-08&amp;rft.aulast=Newman&amp;rft.aufirst=Graeme+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopcenter.asu.edu%2Fcontent%2Fbomb-threats-schools-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-NYyKqMV8MoC&amp;q=%22people+v.+vitusky%22&amp;pg=PR21">"New York Supplement"</a>. West Publishing Company. December 24, 1913 &#8211; via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=New+York+Supplement&amp;rft.pub=West+Publishing+Company&amp;rft.date=1913-12-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-NYyKqMV8MoC%26q%3D%2522people%2Bv.%2Bvitusky%2522%26pg%3DPR21&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlbrecht2013" class="citation web cs1">Albrecht, Steve (April 19, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-act-violence/201304/bombers-or-bomb-threat-makers">"Bombers or Bomb Threat Makers?: Looking for Hunters, Dealing with Howlers"</a>. <i>Psychology Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Psychology+Today&amp;rft.atitle=Bombers+or+Bomb+Threat+Makers%3F%3A+Looking+for+Hunters%2C+Dealing+with+Howlers&amp;rft.date=2013-04-19&amp;rft.aulast=Albrecht&amp;rft.aufirst=Steve&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychologytoday.com%2Fus%2Fblog%2Fthe-act-violence%2F201304%2Fbombers-or-bomb-threat-makers&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarrera2017" class="citation journal cs1">Barrera, Dan Jerome S (20 July 2017). "Bomb threats and reports of suspicious items in the Philippines: Spatial and temporal patterns". <i>Security Journal</i>. <b>30</b> (3). Palgrave Macmillan UK: <span class="nowrap">665–</span>685. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fsj.2015.1">10.1057/sj.2015.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1743-4645">1743-4645</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0955-1662">0955-1662</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154319270">154319270</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Security+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Bomb+threats+and+reports+of+suspicious+items+in+the+Philippines%3A+Spatial+and+temporal+patterns&amp;rft.volume=30&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E665-%3C%2Fspan%3E685&amp;rft.date=2017-07-20&amp;rft.issn=0955-1662&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154319270%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.eissn=1743-4645&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fsj.2015.1&amp;rft.aulast=Barrera&amp;rft.aufirst=Dan+Jerome+S&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazur, Allan. “Bomb Threats and the Mass Media: Evidence for a Theory of Suggestion.” <i>American Sociological Review</i>, vol. 47, no. 3, 1982, pp. 407–411. <i>JSTOR</i>, www.jstor.org/stable/2094997.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCalhounWeston2003" class="citation book cs1">Calhoun, Frederick S.; Weston, Stephen W. (2003). <i>Contemporary threat management&#160;: a practical guide for identifying, assessing, and managing individuals of violent intent</i>. San Diego: Specialized Training Services. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/55002916">55002916</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Contemporary+threat+management+%3A+a+practical+guide+for+identifying%2C+assessing%2C+and+managing+individuals+of+violent+intent&amp;rft.place=San+Diego&amp;rft.pub=Specialized+Training+Services&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F55002916&amp;rft.aulast=Calhoun&amp;rft.aufirst=Frederick+S.&amp;rft.au=Weston%2C+Stephen+W.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurnaghan2018" class="citation web cs1">Murnaghan, Ian (February 21, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aboutanimaltesting.co.uk/threats-researchers-use-animals-testing.html">"Threats to Researchers who Use Animals for Testing"</a>. <i>About Animal Testing</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=About+Animal+Testing&amp;rft.atitle=Threats+to+Researchers+who+Use+Animals+for+Testing&amp;rft.date=2018-02-21&amp;rft.aulast=Murnaghan&amp;rft.aufirst=Ian&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aboutanimaltesting.co.uk%2Fthreats-researchers-use-animals-testing.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/2b7cd646cca74aa98c63006ce633e714">"Arizona man pleads guilty to Harvard bomb threats"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. February 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Arizona+man+pleads+guilty+to+Harvard+bomb+threats&amp;rft.date=2019-02-28&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F2b7cd646cca74aa98c63006ce633e714&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/7e36c278e26d4523be9e5291646a8274">"Israeli who threatened US Jewish centers gets 10 years"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. November 22, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Israeli+who+threatened+US+Jewish+centers+gets+10+years&amp;rft.date=2018-11-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F7e36c278e26d4523be9e5291646a8274&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/8cc5547c1f634fe7a21822110b77d126">"Police spend 6 hours probing false bomb threat at NY church"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. December 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Police+spend+6+hours+probing+false+bomb+threat+at+NY+church&amp;rft.date=2018-12-28&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F8cc5547c1f634fe7a21822110b77d126&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/37993f31351640c594a0ac366a8435c1">"Muslim advocacy group seeks investigation into mosque threat"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Muslim+advocacy+group+seeks+investigation+into+mosque+threat&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F37993f31351640c594a0ac366a8435c1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSilva2018" class="citation news cs1">Silva, Daniella (December 13, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/crime-courts/wave-bomb-threats-causes-evacuations-anxiety-nationwide-n947671">"Wave of bomb threats causes evacuations, anxiety across U.S. and Canada"</a>. <i>NBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=NBC&amp;rft.atitle=Wave+of+bomb+threats+causes+evacuations%2C+anxiety+across+U.S.+and+Canada&amp;rft.date=2018-12-13&amp;rft.aulast=Silva&amp;rft.aufirst=Daniella&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fcrime-courts%2Fwave-bomb-threats-causes-evacuations-anxiety-nationwide-n947671&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoudswardWalkerLarsen2018" class="citation news cs1">Goudsward, Andrew; Walker, Tamara; Larsen, Erik (December 13, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.app.com/story/news/local/public-safety/2018/12/13/multiple-bomb-threats-reported-monmouth-and-ocean-counties/2307916002/">"Multiple bomb threats reported in Monmouth and Ocean counties"</a>. <i>Asbury Park Press</i>. USA Today<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Asbury+Park+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Multiple+bomb+threats+reported+in+Monmouth+and+Ocean+counties&amp;rft.date=2018-12-13&amp;rft.aulast=Goudsward&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rft.au=Walker%2C+Tamara&amp;rft.au=Larsen%2C+Erik&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.app.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fpublic-safety%2F2018%2F12%2F13%2Fmultiple-bomb-threats-reported-monmouth-and-ocean-counties%2F2307916002%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/2046cd59c80546e1927a3655f14ab0e3">"Man charged in school bomb threats facing sextortion charges"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. April 11, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Man+charged+in+school+bomb+threats+facing+sextortion+charges&amp;rft.date=2019-04-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F2046cd59c80546e1927a3655f14ab0e3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMack2019" class="citation news cs1">Mack, Justin L. (April 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indystar.com/story/news/crime/2019/04/11/brian-kil-suspect-faces-life-prison-child-porn-sextortion-charges/3434050002/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Brian Kil' suspect faces life in prison with Plainfield threats, child porn, sextortion charges"</a>. <i>Indianapolis Star</i>. USA Today<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Indianapolis+Star&amp;rft.atitle=%27Brian+Kil%27+suspect+faces+life+in+prison+with+Plainfield+threats%2C+child+porn%2C+sextortion+charges&amp;rft.date=2019-04-11&amp;rft.aulast=Mack&amp;rft.aufirst=Justin+L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indystar.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2F2019%2F04%2F11%2Fbrian-kil-suspect-faces-life-prison-child-porn-sextortion-charges%2F3434050002%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSinai2020" class="citation journal cs1">Sinai, Joshua (2020). "Journal of Counterterrorism &amp; Homeland Security International". <i>Journal of Counterterrorism &amp; Homeland Security International</i>. <b>26</b> (1): 30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Counterterrorism+%26+Homeland+Security+International&amp;rft.atitle=Journal+of+Counterterrorism+%26+Homeland+Security+International&amp;rft.volume=26&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=30&amp;rft.date=2020&amp;rft.aulast=Sinai&amp;rft.aufirst=Joshua&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBowman2004" class="citation news cs1">Bowman, Darcia Harris (October 2, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2004/09/01/01bomb.h24.html">"Bomb Threats Taking Financial Toll"</a>. <i>Education Week</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Education+Week&amp;rft.atitle=Bomb+Threats+Taking+Financial+Toll&amp;rft.date=2004-10-02&amp;rft.aulast=Bowman&amp;rft.aufirst=Darcia+Harris&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.edweek.org%2Few%2Farticles%2F2004%2F09%2F01%2F01bomb.h24.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/4f801e6472d84ce9b4f96a40353a5e2b">"Man pleads guilty to bomb threat made to thwart traffic stop"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. March 26, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Man+pleads+guilty+to+bomb+threat+made+to+thwart+traffic+stop&amp;rft.date=2019-03-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F4f801e6472d84ce9b4f96a40353a5e2b&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/gulden-v-mccorkle">"Gulden v. McCorkle, 680 F.2d 1070"</a>. <i>Casetext</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Casetext&amp;rft.atitle=Gulden+v.+McCorkle%2C+680+F.2d+1070&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Fgulden-v-mccorkle&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/us-v-mohamed-13">"United States v. Mohamed, 459 F.3d 979"</a>. <i>Casetext</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Casetext&amp;rft.atitle=United+States+v.+Mohamed%2C+459+F.3d+979&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Fus-v-mohamed-13&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/52f3828f172a4789ad2a8f4f558a2795">"Ex-journalist to get resentenced in Jewish threats case"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. April 10, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Ex-journalist+to+get+resentenced+in+Jewish+threats+case&amp;rft.date=2019-04-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F52f3828f172a4789ad2a8f4f558a2795&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/belarus-president-lukashenko-critic-journalist-raman-pratasevich-arrested-flight-diverted-1806053-2021-05-23">"Exiled opposition figure arrested after flight diverted to Belarus citing bomb threat"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. 23 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=India+Today&amp;rft.atitle=Exiled+opposition+figure+arrested+after+flight+diverted+to+Belarus+citing+bomb+threat&amp;rft.date=2021-05-23&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fworld%2Fstory%2Fbelarus-president-lukashenko-critic-journalist-raman-pratasevich-arrested-flight-diverted-1806053-2021-05-23&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-57219860">"Belarus 'diverts Ryanair flight to arrest journalist', opposition says"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2021-05-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus+%27diverts+Ryanair+flight+to+arrest+journalist%27%2C+opposition+says&amp;rft.date=2021-05-23&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-57219860&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaine_State_Legislature2000" class="citation web cs1">Maine State Legislature (1 November 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalmaine.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://en.wikipedia.org/&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=1078&amp;context=opla_docs">"Final Report of the Joint Study Committee to Study Bomb Threats in Maine Schools"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Final+Report+of+the+Joint+Study+Committee+to+Study+Bomb+Threats+in+Maine+Schools&amp;rft.date=2000-11-01&amp;rft.au=Maine+State+Legislature&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalmaine.com%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Freferer%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%26httpsredir%3D1%26article%3D1078%26context%3Dopla_docs&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/sacramento/press-releases/2015/fresno-woman-pleads-guilty-to-bomb-threat-hoax-at-fresno-city-college">"FBI — Fresno Woman Pleads Guilty to Bomb Threat Hoax at Fresno City College"</a>. <i>FBI</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=FBI&amp;rft.atitle=FBI+%E2%80%94+Fresno+Woman+Pleads+Guilty+to+Bomb+Threat+Hoax+at+Fresno+City+College&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbi.gov%2Fsacramento%2Fpress-releases%2F2015%2Ffresno-woman-pleads-guilty-to-bomb-threat-hoax-at-fresno-city-college&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-massachusetts-bomb-threats-idUSKCN0IW2HI20141112">"Five Massachusetts schools receive hoax bomb threats"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 12 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018014053/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/11/12/us-usa-massachusetts-bomb-threats-idUSKCN0IW2HI20141112">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters&amp;rft.atitle=Five+Massachusetts+schools+receive+hoax+bomb+threats&amp;rft.date=2014-11-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-massachusetts-bomb-threats-idUSKCN0IW2HI20141112&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-louisiana-threat-idUSKBN0GD23G20140813">"Man indicted for bomb hoax at Louisiana university"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 13 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters&amp;rft.atitle=Man+indicted+for+bomb+hoax+at+Louisiana+university&amp;rft.date=2014-08-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-louisiana-threat-idUSKBN0GD23G20140813&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_38-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/rl-v-cent-york-sch-dist-1">"R.L. v. Cent. York Sch. Dist., 183 F. Supp. 3d 625 -- Factual Summary"</a>. <i>Casetext</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Casetext&amp;rft.atitle=R.L.+v.+Cent.+York+Sch.+Dist.%2C+183+F.+Supp.+3d+625+--+Factual+Summary&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Frl-v-cent-york-sch-dist-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/wisconsin/court-of-appeals/2018/2017ap001905.html">"State v. J.P. (In the Interest of J.P.)"</a>. <i>Justia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Justia&amp;rft.atitle=State+v.+J.P.+%28In+the+Interest+of+J.P.%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.justia.com%2Fcases%2Fwisconsin%2Fcourt-of-appeals%2F2018%2F2017ap001905.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:17_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cases.justia.com/wisconsin/court-of-appeals/2000AP003095-(2001-04-03).pdf?ts=1396152446">"State v. Jacob J.B. (in the Interest of Jacob J.B.), 2001 Wisc"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Justia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210306084945/https://cases.justia.com/wisconsin/court-of-appeals/2000AP003095-%282001-04-03%29.pdf?ts=1396152446">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-03-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Justia&amp;rft.atitle=State+v.+Jacob+J.B.+%28in+the+Interest+of+Jacob+J.B.%29%2C+2001+Wisc.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcases.justia.com%2Fwisconsin%2Fcourt-of-appeals%2F2000AP003095-%282001-04-03%29.pdf%3Fts%3D1396152446&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atf.gov/resource-center/infographics/bomb-threats-across-united-states">"Bomb Threats Across the United States"</a>. <i>ATF</i>. August 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ATF&amp;rft.atitle=Bomb+Threats+Across+the+United+States&amp;rft.date=2018-08-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atf.gov%2Fresource-center%2Finfographics%2Fbomb-threats-across-united-states&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFandos2013" class="citation web cs1">Fandos, Nicholas (18 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2013/12/17/student-charged-bomb-threat/">"Harvard Sophomore Charged in Bomb Threat"</a>. <i>The Harvard Crimson</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Harvard+Crimson&amp;rft.atitle=Harvard+Sophomore+Charged+in+Bomb+Threat&amp;rft.date=2013-12-18&amp;rft.aulast=Fandos&amp;rft.aufirst=Nicholas&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrimson.com%2Farticle%2F2013%2F12%2F17%2Fstudent-charged-bomb-threat%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlein2014" class="citation web cs1">Klein, Mariel (25 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2014/11/25/eldo-kim-apology-threat/">"One Year Later, Kim Apologizes for Bomb Threat Hoax"</a>. <i>The Harvard Crimson</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Harvard+Crimson&amp;rft.atitle=One+Year+Later%2C+Kim+Apologizes+for+Bomb+Threat+Hoax&amp;rft.date=2014-11-25&amp;rft.aulast=Klein&amp;rft.aufirst=Mariel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrimson.com%2Farticle%2F2014%2F11%2F25%2Feldo-kim-apology-threat%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Attorney’s_Office2013" class="citation web cs1">U.S. Attorney’s Office (17 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/boston/press-releases/2013/harvard-student-charged-with-bomb-hoax">"Harvard Student Charged with Bomb Hoax"</a>. <i>FBI</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=FBI&amp;rft.atitle=Harvard+Student+Charged+with+Bomb+Hoax&amp;rft.date=2013-12-17&amp;rft.au=U.S.+Attorney%E2%80%99s+Office&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbi.gov%2Fboston%2Fpress-releases%2F2013%2Fharvard-student-charged-with-bomb-hoax&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/871">"18 USCS 871"</a>. <i>Legal Information Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Legal+Information+Institute&amp;rft.atitle=18+USCS+871&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fuscode%2Ftext%2F18%2F871&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarley2016" class="citation news cs1">Harley, Nicola (16 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/12/16/bomb-plot-kill-queen-foiled-detectives/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'This one is for the Queen': Man jailed over bomb threat made during historic Royal visit to Ireland"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&amp;rft.atitle=%27This+one+is+for+the+Queen%27%3A+Man+jailed+over+bomb+threat+made+during+historic+Royal+visit+to+Ireland&amp;rft.date=2016-12-16&amp;rft.aulast=Harley&amp;rft.aufirst=Nicola&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2016%2F12%2F16%2Fbomb-plot-kill-queen-foiled-detectives%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHutzler2018" class="citation news cs1">Hutzler, Alexander (25 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/nine-people-targeted-mailed-pipe-bombs-1187432">"BOMB THREAT: HERE'S EVERYONE WHO'S BEEN TARGETED AND EVERYTHING WE KNOW SO FAR"</a>. <i>Newsweek</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Newsweek&amp;rft.atitle=BOMB+THREAT%3A+HERE%27S+EVERYONE+WHO%27S+BEEN+TARGETED+AND+EVERYTHING+WE+KNOW+SO+FAR&amp;rft.date=2018-10-25&amp;rft.aulast=Hutzler&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexander&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fnine-people-targeted-mailed-pipe-bombs-1187432&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMitgang1989" class="citation news cs1">Mitgang, Herbert (14 January 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/14/books/rushdie-novel-brings-bomb-threats.html">"Rushdie Novel Brings Bomb Threats"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Rushdie+Novel+Brings+Bomb+Threats&amp;rft.date=1989-01-14&amp;rft.aulast=Mitgang&amp;rft.aufirst=Herbert&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F01%2F14%2Fbooks%2Frushdie-novel-brings-bomb-threats.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/ccf3d087231d48948bc0d205e8fe8b9a">"Norwegian Air plane evacuated after receiving threat"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 7 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Norwegian+Air+plane+evacuated+after+receiving+threat&amp;rft.date=2019-02-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2Fccf3d087231d48948bc0d205e8fe8b9a&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/b44d94e972e64708803c5b13c550449e">"Amsterdam airport departure area evacuated for bomb threat"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 31 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Amsterdam+airport+departure+area+evacuated+for+bomb+threat&amp;rft.date=2018-12-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2Fb44d94e972e64708803c5b13c550449e&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/59eb62333bbf4731a23ea240d0fc11ea">"Flight held when crew fears bomb threat; no threat found"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 25 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Flight+held+when+crew+fears+bomb+threat%3B+no+threat+found&amp;rft.date=2018-12-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F59eb62333bbf4731a23ea240d0fc11ea&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mall_evacuated_over_bomb_threat-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mall_evacuated_over_bomb_threat_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mall_evacuated_over_bomb_threat_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/7c651dba756448fe8f409166d52b4a21">"Mall evacuated over bomb threat"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 24 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Mall+evacuated+over+bomb+threat&amp;rft.date=2018-12-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F7c651dba756448fe8f409166d52b4a21&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/e1ab6581371e4238a66dec1d2ad8b223">"Man pleads guilty to making bomb threat at veterans clinic"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 30 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Man+pleads+guilty+to+making+bomb+threat+at+veterans+clinic&amp;rft.date=2019-01-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2Fe1ab6581371e4238a66dec1d2ad8b223&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:22_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/us-v-darby-16">"United States v. Darby, 37 F.3d 1059"</a>. <i>Casetext</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Casetext&amp;rft.atitle=United+States+v.+Darby%2C+37+F.3d+1059&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Fus-v-darby-16&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Associated_Press-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Associated_Press_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Associated_Press_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/612ef0b94b6e48cdbea66715e526c3f3">"Man pleads guilty of phoning bomb threats to Pentagon, CNN"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 31 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Man+pleads+guilty+of+phoning+bomb+threats+to+Pentagon%2C+CNN&amp;rft.date=2019-01-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F612ef0b94b6e48cdbea66715e526c3f3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcCay2017" class="citation news cs1">McCay, Katie (24 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebubble.com/bomb-threat-at-us-embassy-turns-out-to-be-false-alarm/">"Bomb Threat At US Embassy Turns Out To Be False Alarm"</a>. <i>The Bubble</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Bubble&amp;rft.atitle=Bomb+Threat+At+US+Embassy+Turns+Out+To+Be+False+Alarm&amp;rft.date=2017-01-24&amp;rft.aulast=McCay&amp;rft.aufirst=Katie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebubble.com%2Fbomb-threat-at-us-embassy-turns-out-to-be-false-alarm%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcCay2021" class="citation news cs1">McCay, Katie (30 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ambito.com/politica/casa-rosada/amenaza-bomba-policias-la-ciudad-revisaron-el-edificio-n5344199">"Bomb Threat At Argentina's House of Government, Police Are Searching"</a>. <i>Ámbito</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=%C3%81mbito&amp;rft.atitle=Bomb+Threat+At+Argentina%27s+House+of+Government%2C+Police+Are+Searching&amp;rft.date=2021-12-30&amp;rft.aulast=McCay&amp;rft.aufirst=Katie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ambito.com%2Fpolitica%2Fcasa-rosada%2Famenaza-bomba-policias-la-ciudad-revisaron-el-edificio-n5344199&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/levin-v-united-air-lines">"Levin v. United Air Lines, Inc., 158 Cal. App. 4th 1002"</a> &#8211; via Casetext.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Levin+v.+United+Air+Lines%2C+Inc.%2C+158+Cal.+App.+4th+1002&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Flevin-v-united-air-lines&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-gray-248">"United States v. Gray, 780 F.3d 458"</a>. <i>Casetext</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Casetext&amp;rft.atitle=United+States+v.+Gray%2C+780+F.3d+458&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Funited-states-v-gray-248&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:18-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:18_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/state-v-rivera-382">"State v. Rivera, 42 Kan. App. 2d 914"</a>. <i>Casetext</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Casetext&amp;rft.atitle=State+v.+Rivera%2C+42+Kan.+App.+2d+914&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Fstate-v-rivera-382&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_61-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZaitsu2009" class="citation journal cs1">Zaitsu, Wataru (14 October 2009). "Bomb threats and offender characteristics in Japan". <i>Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling</i>. <b>7</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">75–</span>89. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjip.106">10.1002/jip.106</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Investigative+Psychology+and+Offender+Profiling&amp;rft.atitle=Bomb+threats+and+offender+characteristics+in+Japan&amp;rft.volume=7&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E89&amp;rft.date=2009-10-14&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjip.106&amp;rft.aulast=Zaitsu&amp;rft.aufirst=Wataru&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHäkkänen2006" class="citation journal cs1">Häkkänen, Helinä (1 March 2006). "Finnish Bomb Threats: Offence and Offender Characteristics". <i>International Journal of Police Science &amp; Management</i>. <b>8</b> (1). Vantaa, Finland: National Bureau of Investigation: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1350%2Fijps.2006.8.1.1">10.1350/ijps.2006.8.1.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145741072">145741072</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Police+Science+%26+Management&amp;rft.atitle=Finnish+Bomb+Threats%3A+Offence+and+Offender+Characteristics&amp;rft.volume=8&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&amp;rft.date=2006-03-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1350%2Fijps.2006.8.1.1&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145741072%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=H%C3%A4kk%C3%A4nen&amp;rft.aufirst=Helin%C3%A4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/1c8b56c35ff04063b64df0de359e6313">"Bomb threat leads to evacuation of Target store"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 22 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Bomb+threat+leads+to+evacuation+of+Target+store&amp;rft.date=2018-12-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F1c8b56c35ff04063b64df0de359e6313&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/603309037deb4c33b781d058281bfe21">"Canadian man arrested for Deadwood casino bomb threats"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 20 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Canadian+man+arrested+for+Deadwood+casino+bomb+threats&amp;rft.date=2019-02-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F603309037deb4c33b781d058281bfe21&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/cf5a7eee611647edabc86d7952a7f6fd">"Man in custody after bomb threat at Missouri truck stop"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 21 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Man+in+custody+after+bomb+threat+at+Missouri+truck+stop&amp;rft.date=2019-01-21&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2Fcf5a7eee611647edabc86d7952a7f6fd&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/2046cd59c80546e1927a3655f14ab0e3">"Man charged in school bomb threats facing sextortion charges"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 11 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Man+charged+in+school+bomb+threats+facing+sextortion+charges&amp;rft.date=2019-04-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F2046cd59c80546e1927a3655f14ab0e3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woods-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Woods_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woods_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWoods2019" class="citation news cs1">Woods, Amanda (27 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2019/01/27/threats-against-planned-parenthood-posted-to-bronx-state-senators-facebook-page/">"Threats against Planned Parenthood posted to Bronx state senator's Facebook page"</a>. <i>New York Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=New+York+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Threats+against+Planned+Parenthood+posted+to+Bronx+state+senator%27s+Facebook+page&amp;rft.date=2019-01-27&amp;rft.aulast=Woods&amp;rft.aufirst=Amanda&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2019%2F01%2F27%2Fthreats-against-planned-parenthood-posted-to-bronx-state-senators-facebook-page%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBusch2017" class="citation web cs1">Busch, Monica (23 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bustle.com/p/that-hoax-bomb-at-planned-parenthood-proves-threats-to-abortion-clinics-are-still-horribly-real-2969572">"That Hoax Bomb At Planned Parenthood Proves Threats To Abortion Clinics Are Still Horribly Real"</a>. <i>Bustle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Bustle&amp;rft.atitle=That+Hoax+Bomb+At+Planned+Parenthood+Proves+Threats+To+Abortion+Clinics+Are+Still+Horribly+Real&amp;rft.date=2017-10-23&amp;rft.aulast=Busch&amp;rft.aufirst=Monica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bustle.com%2Fp%2Fthat-hoax-bomb-at-planned-parenthood-proves-threats-to-abortion-clinics-are-still-horribly-real-2969572&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDay2017" class="citation news cs1">Day, Brian (21 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whittierdailynews.com/2017/10/21/bomb-squad-investigated-pipe-with-protruding-wires-found-in-front-of-whittier-planned-parenthood-office/">"Bomb squad destroys 'hoax device' left outside Whittier Planned Parenthood office"</a>. <i>Whittier Daily News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Whittier+Daily+News&amp;rft.atitle=Bomb+squad+destroys+%27hoax+device%27+left+outside+Whittier+Planned+Parenthood+office&amp;rft.date=2017-10-21&amp;rft.aulast=Day&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whittierdailynews.com%2F2017%2F10%2F21%2Fbomb-squad-investigated-pipe-with-protruding-wires-found-in-front-of-whittier-planned-parenthood-office%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:19-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:19_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:19_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leagle.com/decision/innyco20110922277">"Matter of World Trade Ctr. Bombing Litig., 17 N.Y.3d 428"</a>. <i>Leagle</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Leagle&amp;rft.atitle=Matter+of+World+Trade+Ctr.+Bombing+Litig.%2C+17+N.Y.3d+428&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leagle.com%2Fdecision%2Finnyco20110922277&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-baller">"United States v. Baller, 519 F.2d 463"</a>. <i>Casetext</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Casetext&amp;rft.atitle=United+States+v.+Baller%2C+519+F.2d+463&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Funited-states-v-baller&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/us-v-gilbert-6">"U.S. v. Gilbert, 181 F.3d 152 &#124; Casetext"</a>. <i>casetext.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=casetext.com&amp;rft.atitle=U.S.+v.+Gilbert%2C+181+F.3d+152+%26%23124%3B+Casetext&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Fus-v-gilbert-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRamos2014" class="citation news cs1">Ramos, Billy Jane (18 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ph.news.yahoo.com/accenture-confirms-receiving-bomb-threat-074451424.html">"Accenture confirms receiving bomb threat"</a>. Yahoo! Philippines<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Accenture+confirms+receiving+bomb+threat&amp;rft.date=2014-02-18&amp;rft.aulast=Ramos&amp;rft.aufirst=Billy+Jane&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fph.news.yahoo.com%2Faccenture-confirms-receiving-bomb-threat-074451424.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leagle.com/decision/20061580906a2d67411372">"A.B. v. Slippery Rock Area Sch. Dist., 906 A.2d 674"</a> &#8211; via Leagle.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=A.B.+v.+Slippery+Rock+Area+Sch.+Dist.%2C+906+A.2d+674&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leagle.com%2Fdecision%2F20061580906a2d67411372&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWolf" class="citation news cs1">Wolf, Z. Byron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2018/10/us/suspicious-packages-timeline/">"A timeline of the pipe bomb scare"</a>. CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=A+timeline+of+the+pipe+bomb+scare&amp;rft.aulast=Wolf&amp;rft.aufirst=Z.+Byron&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Finteractive%2F2018%2F10%2Fus%2Fsuspicious-packages-timeline%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurke2018" class="citation news cs1">Burke, Minyvonne (26 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/what-we-know-about-pipe-bomb-scare-suspect-s-arrest-n924806">"What we know about the pipe bomb scare and suspect Cesar Sayoc's arrest"</a>. <i>NBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=NBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=What+we+know+about+the+pipe+bomb+scare+and+suspect+Cesar+Sayoc%27s+arrest&amp;rft.date=2018-10-26&amp;rft.aulast=Burke&amp;rft.aufirst=Minyvonne&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fwhat-we-know-about-pipe-bomb-scare-suspect-s-arrest-n924806&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:20-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:20_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:20_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:20_77-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/commonwealth-v-burik">"Commonwealth v. Burik"</a> &#8211; via Casetext.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Commonwealth+v.+Burik&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Fcommonwealth-v-burik&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSilva2018" class="citation news cs1">Silva, Daniella (13 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/crime-courts/wave-bomb-threats-causes-evacuations-anxiety-nationwide-n947671">"Wave of bomb threats causes evacuations, anxiety across U.S. and Canada"</a>. <i>NBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=NBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Wave+of+bomb+threats+causes+evacuations%2C+anxiety+across+U.S.+and+Canada&amp;rft.date=2018-12-13&amp;rft.aulast=Silva&amp;rft.aufirst=Daniella&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fcrime-courts%2Fwave-bomb-threats-causes-evacuations-anxiety-nationwide-n947671&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/e62c1e94c41b4e9f9aec7780efad288c">"Woman admits making hoax bomb threats to 2 courthouses"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 8 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Woman+admits+making+hoax+bomb+threats+to+2+courthouses&amp;rft.date=2019-04-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2Fe62c1e94c41b4e9f9aec7780efad288c&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoettgers2018" class="citation web cs1">Roettgers, Janko (26 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/bomb-suspect-twitter-threats-1202998757/">"Jim Carrey, Ron Howard Among Celebrities Threatened on Twitter by Mail Bomb Suspect"</a>. <i>Variety</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Variety&amp;rft.atitle=Jim+Carrey%2C+Ron+Howard+Among+Celebrities+Threatened+on+Twitter+by+Mail+Bomb+Suspect&amp;rft.date=2018-10-26&amp;rft.aulast=Roettgers&amp;rft.aufirst=Janko&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2018%2Fdigital%2Fnews%2Fbomb-suspect-twitter-threats-1202998757%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/221261/united-states-v-bagdasarian/">"United States v. Bagdasarian, 652 F.3d 1113"</a> &#8211; via Court Listener.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=United+States+v.+Bagdasarian%2C+652+F.3d+1113&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courtlistener.com%2Fopinion%2F221261%2Funited-states-v-bagdasarian%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/4321422/united-states-v-gebert/">"United States v. Gebert"</a> &#8211; via Court Listener.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=United+States+v.+Gebert&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courtlistener.com%2Fopinion%2F4321422%2Funited-states-v-gebert%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/11F56A4498F38320?p=AWNB">"Bomb scares taken seriously, punished appropriately"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Bomb+scares+taken+seriously%2C+punished+appropriately&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com%2Fresources%2Fdoc%2Fnb%2Fnews%2F11F56A4498F38320%3Fp%3DAWNB&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.umuc.edu/current-students/student-life-and-support/safety-and-security/crime-and-personal-safety/bomb-threat.cfm">"Bomb Threat"</a>. <i>University of Maryland: University College</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=University+of+Maryland%3A+University+College&amp;rft.atitle=Bomb+Threat&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.umuc.edu%2Fcurrent-students%2Fstudent-life-and-support%2Fsafety-and-security%2Fcrime-and-personal-safety%2Fbomb-threat.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/what-to-do-bomb-threat">"What To Do - Bomb Threat"</a>. <i>Department of Homeland Security</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Department+of+Homeland+Security&amp;rft.atitle=What+To+Do+-+Bomb+Threat&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fwhat-to-do-bomb-threat&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loyola.edu/department/emergency-preparedness/hazard-information/bomb">"Bomb Threat/Explosive Device Information"</a>. <i>Loyola</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Loyola&amp;rft.atitle=Bomb+Threat%2FExplosive+Device+Information&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loyola.edu%2Fdepartment%2Femergency-preparedness%2Fhazard-information%2Fbomb&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVillarin2014" class="citation web cs1">Villarin, Jose Ramon T (12 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ateneo.edu/news/fr-jetts-memo-bomb-threat">"FR. JETT'S MEMO ON THE BOMB THREAT"</a>. <i>Atteneo de Manila University</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Atteneo+de+Manila+University&amp;rft.atitle=FR.+JETT%27S+MEMO+ON+THE+BOMB+THREAT&amp;rft.date=2014-02-12&amp;rft.aulast=Villarin&amp;rft.aufirst=Jose+Ramon+T&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fateneo.edu%2Fnews%2Ffr-jetts-memo-bomb-threat&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHealeyTutten2018" class="citation news cs1">Healey, Kelly; Tutten, James (14 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wftv.com/news/local/breaking-multiple-bomb-threats-received-across-us-including-orlando/888411922">"Nationwide hoax: Multiple bomb threats received across U.S., including Orlando"</a>. <i>WFTV</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=WFTV&amp;rft.atitle=Nationwide+hoax%3A+Multiple+bomb+threats+received+across+U.S.%2C+including+Orlando&amp;rft.date=2018-12-14&amp;rft.aulast=Healey&amp;rft.aufirst=Kelly&amp;rft.au=Tutten%2C+James&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wftv.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fbreaking-multiple-bomb-threats-received-across-us-including-orlando%2F888411922&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParsippany_Police2018" class="citation web cs1">Parsippany Police (27 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tapinto.net/towns/parsippany/sections/police-and-fire/articles/bomb-threat-at-hilton">"Bomb Threat at Hilton"</a>. <i>TAPinto</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=TAPinto&amp;rft.atitle=Bomb+Threat+at+Hilton&amp;rft.date=2018-10-27&amp;rft.au=Parsippany+Police&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tapinto.net%2Ftowns%2Fparsippany%2Fsections%2Fpolice-and-fire%2Farticles%2Fbomb-threat-at-hilton&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/6468f4deb24146888467aa753f29d088">"Connecticut police department adds bomb-sniffing dog"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 5 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Connecticut+police+department+adds+bomb-sniffing+dog&amp;rft.date=2018-11-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F6468f4deb24146888467aa753f29d088&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1611761/state-v-douglas-d/">"State v. Douglas D. (In the Interest of Douglas D.), 2001 WI 47 - P63"</a> &#8211; via Court Listener.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=State+v.+Douglas+D.+%28In+the+Interest+of+Douglas+D.%29%2C+2001+WI+47+-+P63&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courtlistener.com%2Fopinion%2F1611761%2Fstate-v-douglas-d%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:21-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:21_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cite.case.law/mass-law-rep/33/94/">"Commonwealth v. Grenga"</a> &#8211; via Caselaw Access Project.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Commonwealth+v.+Grenga&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcite.case.law%2Fmass-law-rep%2F33%2F94%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-furey">"United States v. Furey, 491 F. Supp. 1048 &#124; Casetext"</a>. <i>casetext.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=casetext.com&amp;rft.atitle=United+States+v.+Furey%2C+491+F.+Supp.+1048+%26%23124%3B+Casetext&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Funited-states-v-furey&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mass.gov/legis/laws/mgl/269-14.htm">"M.G.L. - Chapter 269, Section 14 - General Laws"</a>. <i>mass.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=mass.gov&amp;rft.atitle=M.G.L.+-+Chapter+269%2C+Section+14+-+General+Laws&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mass.gov%2Flegis%2Flaws%2Fmgl%2F269-14.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/facplan/Emergency/BombThreatsAreAFelony.html">School Bomb Threats Are A Felony</a>", press release on <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Education_Department" title="New York State Education Department">New York State Education Department</a> website. Retrieved April 15, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/jm/criminal-resource-manual-1427-imparting-or-conveying-false-information-bomb-hoax-18-usc-35">"1427. Imparting Or Conveying False Information (Bomb Hoax) -- 18 U.S.C. 35"</a>. <i>www.justice.gov</i>. February 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.justice.gov&amp;rft.atitle=1427.+Imparting+Or+Conveying+False+Information+%28Bomb+Hoax%29+--+18+U.S.C.+35&amp;rft.date=2015-02-19&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fjm%2Fcriminal-resource-manual-1427-imparting-or-conveying-false-information-bomb-hoax-18-usc-35&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rt-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rt_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rt_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/state-ex-rel-rt">"State ex rel. RT, 781 So. 2d 1239"</a> &#8211; via Casetext.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=State+ex+rel.+RT%2C+781+So.+2d+1239&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Fstate-ex-rel-rt&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/mustafa-v-city-of-chicago">"Mustafa v. City of Chicago, 442 F.3d 544"</a> &#8211; via Casetext.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mustafa+v.+City+of+Chicago%2C+442+F.3d+544&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Fmustafa-v-city-of-chicago&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://courts.mrsc.org/supreme/156wn2d/156wn2d0355.htm">"State v. Johnston, 156 Wn.2d 355"</a> &#8211; via MRSC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=State+v.+Johnston%2C+156+Wn.2d+355&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcourts.mrsc.org%2Fsupreme%2F156wn2d%2F156wn2d0355.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/us-v-horton-35">"United States v. Horton, 98 F.3d 313"</a> &#8211; via Casetext.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=United+States+v.+Horton%2C+98+F.3d+313&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Fus-v-horton-35&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKostinskyBixlerKettl2001" class="citation journal cs1">Kostinsky, S; Bixler, EO; Kettl, PA (2001). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/190989">"Threats of School Violence in Pennsylvania After Media Coverage of the Columbine High School Massacre: Examining the Role of Imitation"</a></span>. <i>Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med</i>. <b>155</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">994–</span>1001. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Farchpedi.155.9.994">10.1001/archpedi.155.9.994</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11529800">11529800</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Arch+Pediatr+Adolesc+Med&amp;rft.atitle=Threats+of+School+Violence+in+Pennsylvania+After+Media+Coverage+of+the+Columbine+High+School+Massacre%3A+Examining+the+Role+of+Imitation&amp;rft.volume=155&amp;rft.issue=9&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E994-%3C%2Fspan%3E1001&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Farchpedi.155.9.994&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11529800&amp;rft.aulast=Kostinsky&amp;rft.aufirst=S&amp;rft.au=Bixler%2C+EO&amp;rft.au=Kettl%2C+PA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjamanetwork.com%2Fjournals%2Fjamapediatrics%2Farticle-abstract%2F190989&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/hoax-threats-awareness-100518">"Hoax Threats are Crimes"</a>. <i>Federal Bureau of Investigation</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Federal+Bureau+of+Investigation&amp;rft.atitle=Hoax+Threats+are+Crimes&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbi.gov%2Fnews%2Fstories%2Fhoax-threats-awareness-100518&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABomb+threat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bomb_threat" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bomb threat">Bomb threat</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox731" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834368#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4192848-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bomb threats"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2001009878">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007558944905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6df8dbf59d‐7cvj2 Cached time: 20250331030048 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.840 seconds Real time usage: 1.007 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5142/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 156233/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2225/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 351763/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.559/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6079622/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 908.461 1 -total 57.42% 521.623 1 Template:Reflist 28.85% 262.124 52 Template:Cite_web 17.38% 157.854 41 Template:Cite_news 10.20% 92.684 1 Template:Authority_control 9.12% 82.811 1 Template:Commons_category 9.11% 82.782 1 Template:Short_description 8.89% 80.745 1 Template:Sister_project 8.69% 78.913 1 Template:Side_box 6.30% 57.217 2 Template:If_then_show --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:146369:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250331030048 and revision id 1277504862. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;oldid=1277504862">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;oldid=1277504862</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crimes" title="Category:Crimes">Crimes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Emergency_services" title="Category:Emergency services">Emergency services</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Speech_crimes" title="Category:Speech crimes">Speech crimes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Terrorism_tactics" title="Category:Terrorism tactics">Terrorism tactics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Civil_defense" title="Category:Civil defense">Civil defense</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 February 2025, at 01:03<span class="anonymous-show">&#160;(UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bomb_threat&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bomb threat</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>9 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-68bd6b7bf8-nnsxc","wgBackendResponseTime":157,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.840","walltime":"1.007","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5142,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":156233,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2225,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":351763,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 908.461 1 -total"," 57.42% 521.623 1 Template:Reflist"," 28.85% 262.124 52 Template:Cite_web"," 17.38% 157.854 41 Template:Cite_news"," 10.20% 92.684 1 Template:Authority_control"," 9.12% 82.811 1 Template:Commons_category"," 9.11% 82.782 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.89% 80.745 1 Template:Sister_project"," 8.69% 78.913 1 Template:Side_box"," 6.30% 57.217 2 Template:If_then_show"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.559","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6079622,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6df8dbf59d-7cvj2","timestamp":"20250331030048","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Bomb threat","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bomb_threat","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q834368","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q834368","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-11-12T10:21:13Z","dateModified":"2025-02-25T01:03:05Z","headline":"threat to detonate a bomb"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10