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the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">แรงคู่ควบ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 33 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7)" title="ازدواج (علم الميكانيكا) – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ازدواج (علم الميكانيكا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B2_(%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE)" title="যুগল (বলবিদ্যা) – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যুগল (বলবিদ্যা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvojice_sil" title="Dvojice sil – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dvojice sil" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A4ftepaar" title="Kräftepaar – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kräftepaar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B4%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Ζεύγος δυνάμεων – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζεύγος δυνάμεων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couple_(mechanics)" title="Couple (mechanics) – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Couple (mechanics)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par_de_fuerzas" title="Par de fuerzas – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Par de fuerzas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B5upaar" title="Jõupaar – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jõupaar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indar-pare" title="Indar-pare – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Indar-pare" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%84" title="کوپل – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوپل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voimapari" title="Voimapari – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Voimapari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couple_(physique)" title="Couple (physique) – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Couple (physique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="बलयुग्म – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बलयुग्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreg_sila" title="Spreg sila – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Spreg sila" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momento_torcente" title="Momento torcente – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Momento torcente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%B6%E5%8A%9B" title="偶力 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="偶力" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%88" title="Қос күш – คาซัค" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қос күш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="คาซัค" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Спрег на сили – มาซิโดเนีย" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Спрег на сили" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="มาซิโดเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF" title="ബലജോഡി – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബലജോഡി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppel_(natuurkunde)" title="Koppel (natuurkunde) – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koppel (natuurkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraftpar" title="Kraftpar – นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kraftpar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para_si%C5%82" title="Para sił – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Para sił" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobia" title="Cobia – พีดมอนต์" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cobia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="พีดมอนต์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuplu" title="Cuplu – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cuplu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Пара сил – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пара сил" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreg_sila" title="Spreg sila – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Spreg sila" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8" title="බල යුග්ම – สิงหล" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බල යුග්ම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="สิงหล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvojica_sil" title="Dvojica sil – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dvojica sil" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88" title="விசையிணை – ทมิฬ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விசையிணை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ทมิฬ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Пара сил – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пара сил" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BA%ABu_l%E1%BB%B1c" title="Ngẫu lực – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngẫu lực" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%81%B6" title="力偶 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="力偶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%81%B6" title="力偶 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="力偶" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q253897#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับหน้าเนื้อหา (ไม่มีหน้านี้) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>อภิปราย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เปลี่ยนรูปแบบภาษา" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ไทย</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ดู"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A&action=history" title="แก้ไขเก่าของหน้านี้ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เครื่องมือ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การกระทำ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94" title="อัปโหลดไฟล์ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>อัปโหลดไฟล์</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="รายการหน้าพิเศษทั้งหมด [q]" accesskey="q"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A&oldid=11964928" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A&action=info" title="ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับหน้านี้"><span>สารสนเทศหน้า</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&page=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A&id=11964928&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="สารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับวิธีการอ้างอิงหน้านี้"><span>อ้างอิงบทความนี้</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25B9%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%259A"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25B9%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%259A"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q253897" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button 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<mi>d</mi> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext mathvariant="bold">v</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\textbf {F}}={\frac {d}{dt}}(m{\textbf {v}})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2c1d0f61f5c9b10e9cf7a208263f87f268ab92a1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:12.933ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\textbf {F}}={\frac {d}{dt}}(m{\textbf {v}})}"></span><div class="sidebar-caption" style="font-size:90%;padding:0.6em 0;font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99#กฎการเคลื่อนที่ข้อ_2_ของนิวตัน" title="กฎการเคลื่อนที่ของนิวตัน">กฎข้อที่สองของนิวตัน</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf; display:block;margin-bottom:1.0em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10552737">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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(";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ประวัติศาสตร์กลศาสตร์ดั้งเดิม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ประวัติศาสตร์</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เส้นเวลาของกลศาสตร์ดั้งเดิม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เส้นเวลา</a></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="font-weight:bold;background:#ddf;text-align:center;">สาขา</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จลนศาสตร์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">จลนศาสตร์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="กลศาสตร์ท้องฟ้า">ท้องฟ้า</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="กลศาสตร์ประยุกต์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ประยุกต์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="พลศาสตร์">พลศาสตร์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="กลศาสตร์ภาวะต่อเนื่อง">ภาวะต่อเนื่อง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="สถิตยศาสตร์">สถิตยศาสตร์</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="font-weight:bold;background:#ddf;text-align:center;">แนวคิดมูลฐาน</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="ความเร่ง">ความเร่ง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1" title="โมเมนตัมเชิงมุม">โมเมนตัมเชิงมุม</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">แรงคู่ควบ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Alembert%27s_principle" class="mw-redirect" title="D'Alembert's principle">หลักการดาล็องแบร์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="พลังงาน">พลังงาน</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="พลังงานจลน์">จลน์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="พลังงานศักย์">ศักย์</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87" title="แรง">แรง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="กรอบอ้างอิง">กรอบอ้างอิง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="กรอบอ้างอิงเฉื่อย">กรอบอ้างอิงเฉื่อย</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="การดล (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การดล</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="ความเฉื่อย">ความเฉื่อย</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="โมเมนต์ความเฉื่อย">โมเมนต์ความเฉื่อย</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5" title="มวล">มวล</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87_(%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="กำลัง (ฟิสิกส์) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กำลัง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C)" title="งาน (ฟิสิกส์)">งาน</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moment_(physics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moment (physics) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โมเมนต์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="โมเมนตัม">โมเมนตัม</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4" title="ปริภูมิ">ปริภูมิ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A7" title="อัตราเร็ว">อัตราเร็ว</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2" title="เวลา">เวลา</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ทอร์ก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ทอร์ก</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A7" title="ความเร็ว">ความเร็ว</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="งานเสมือน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">งานเสมือน</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="font-weight:bold;background:#ddf;text-align:center;">การกำหนดกฎ</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="กฎการเคลื่อนที่ของนิวตัน">กฎการเคลื่อนที่ของนิวตัน</a></b></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analytical_mechanics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analytical mechanics (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Analytical mechanics</a></b><br /><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8C%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="กลศาสตร์แบบลากร็องฌ์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กลศาสตร์แบบลากร็องฌ์</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="กลศาสตร์แฮมิลตัน">กลศาสตร์แฮมิลตัน</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routhian_mechanics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routhian mechanics (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Routhian mechanics</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton%E2%80%93Jacobi_equation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamilton–Jacobi equation (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Hamilton–Jacobi equation</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appell%27s_equation_of_motion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Appell's equation of motion (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Appell's equation of motion</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udwadia%E2%80%93Kalaba_equation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Udwadia–Kalaba equation (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Udwadia–Kalaba equation</a></div></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="font-weight:bold;background:#ddf;text-align:center;">หัวข้อที่สำคัญ</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damping (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Damping</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Damping_ratio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damping ratio (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ratio</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94" class="mw-redirect" title="การกระจัด">การกระจัด</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equations_of_motion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equations of motion (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Equations of motion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euler%27s_laws_of_motion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euler's laws of motion (ไม่มีหน้านี้)"><span class="wrap">Euler's laws of motion</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="แรงเทียม">แรงเทียม</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="แรงเสียดทาน">แรงเสียดทาน</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonic_oscillator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harmonic oscillator (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Harmonic oscillator</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="กรอบอ้างอิงเฉื่อย">กรอบอ้างอิงเฉื่อย</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-inertial_reference_frame&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Non-inertial reference frame (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Non-inertial reference frame</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mechanics_of_planar_particle_motion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mechanics of planar particle motion (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Mechanics of planar particle motion</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88" class="mw-redirect" title="การเคลื่อนที่">การเคลื่อนที่</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_motion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linear motion (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">linear</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="กฎความโน้มถ่วงสากล"><span class="wrap">กฎความโน้มถ่วงสากล</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="กฎการเคลื่อนที่ของนิวตัน">กฎการเคลื่อนที่ของนิวตัน</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ความเร็วสัมพัทธ์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ความเร็วสัมพัทธ์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87" title="วัตถุแข็งเกร็ง">วัตถุแข็งเกร็ง</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rigid_body_dynamics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rigid body dynamics (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euler%27s_equations_(rigid_body_dynamics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euler's equations (rigid body dynamics) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Euler's equations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="การเคลื่อนที่แบบฮาร์มอนิกอย่างง่าย">การเคลื่อนที่แบบฮาร์มอนิกอย่างง่าย</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="การสั่น (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การสั่น</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="font-weight:bold;background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="การเคลื่อนที่แบบหมุน">การเคลื่อนที่แบบหมุน</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="การเคลื่อนที่แบบวงกลม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การเคลื่อนที่แบบวงกลม</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotating_reference_frame&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rotating reference frame (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Rotating reference frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="แรงสู่ศูนย์กลาง">แรงสู่ศูนย์กลาง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="แรงหนีศูนย์กลาง">แรงหนีศูนย์กลาง</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactive_centrifugal_force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reactive centrifugal force (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">reactive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="แรงกอรียอลิส">แรงกอรียอลิส</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1_(%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ลูกตุ้ม (คณิตศาสตร์) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ลูกตุ้ม</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Speed (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Tangential speed</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ความถี่การหมุน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ความถี่การหมุน</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ความเร่งเชิงมุม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ความเร่งเชิงมุม</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="การกระจัดเชิงมุม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การกระจัดเชิงมุม</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1" title="ความถี่เชิงมุม">ความถี่เชิงมุม</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ความเร็วเชิงมุม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ความเร็วเชิงมุม</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="font-weight:bold;background:#ddf;text-align:center;">นักวิทยาศาสตร์</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5" title="กาลิเลโอ กาลิเลอี">กาลิเลโอ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%81_%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ไอแซก นิวตัน">นิวตัน</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="โยฮันเนิส เค็พเพลอร์">เค็พเพลอร์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เจเรไมอาห์ ฮอร์รอกส์">ฮอร์รอกส์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="เอ็ดมันด์ ฮัลเลย์">ฮัลเลย์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เลอ็อนฮาร์ท อ็อยเลอร์">อ็อยเลอร์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8C%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD_%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87_%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ฌ็อง เลอ รง ดาล็องแบร์">ดาล็องแบร์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3" title="อาแล็กซี แกลโร">แกลโร</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9F-%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8C%E0%B9%8C" title="โฌแซ็ฟ-หลุยส์ ลากร็องฌ์">ลากร็องฌ์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%87_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="ปีแยร์-ซีมง ลาปลัส">ลาปลัส</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="วิลเลียม โรวัน แฮมิลตัน">แฮมิลตัน</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%87" title="ซีเมอง เดอนี ปัวซง">ปัวซง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="ดานีเอล แบร์นุลลี">ดานีเอล แบร์นุลลี</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="โยฮัน แบร์นุลลี (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โยฮัน แบร์นุลลี</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87-%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="โอกุสแต็ง-หลุยส์ โกชี (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โกชี</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0.15em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10552732">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ดู"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1" title="แม่แบบ:กลศาสตร์ดั้งเดิม"><abbr title="ดูแม่แบบนี้">ด</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-คุย"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1" title="คุยเรื่องแม่แบบ:กลศาสตร์ดั้งเดิม"><abbr title="อภิปรายแม่แบบนี้">ค</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-แก้"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:EditPage/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1" title="พิเศษ:EditPage/แม่แบบ:กลศาสตร์ดั้งเดิม"><abbr title="แก้ไขแม่แบบนี้">ก</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>ในวิชา<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="กลศาสตร์">กลศาสตร์</a> <b>แรงคู่ควบ</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">couple</span>) หมายถึง <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87" title="แรง">แรง</a>ขนานสองแรงที่มีขนาดเท่ากัน แต่มีทิศทางตรงข้าม และไม่อยู่ในแนวแรงเดียวกัน </p><p>ผลของแรงทำให้เกิด<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99" title="การหมุน">การหมุน</a>โดยไม่มี<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="การเลื่อนขนาน">การเลื่อนขนาน</a> หรือโดยทั่วไปคือ ไม่มีความเร่งของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="จุดศูนย์กลางมวล">จุดศูนย์กลางมวล</a> ใน<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="กลศาสตร์วัตถุแข็ง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กลศาสตร์วัตถุแข็ง</a> แรงคู่ควบเป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เวกเตอร์">เวกเตอร์</a>อิสระ หมายความว่า ผลของแรงต่อวัตถุนั้นไม่ขึ้นอยู่กับจุดที่แรงมากระทำต่อมัน </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-disambig" title="โมเมนต์">โมเมนต์</a>ที่เกิดจากแรงคู่ควบเรียกว่า <b>ทอร์ก</b> (torque) แต่ไม่ใช้อย่างเดียวกับคำว่า <a 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