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</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Physical_geography_and_climate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Physical geography and climate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Physical_geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Island_morphology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Island_morphology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Island morphology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Island_morphology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mountains_and_valleys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mountains_and_valleys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mountains and valleys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mountains_and_valleys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gorges,_rivers_and_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gorges,_rivers_and_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Gorges, rivers and lakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gorges,_rivers_and_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surrounding_islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surrounding_islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Surrounding islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surrounding_islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Human geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Human_geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Human geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Human_geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport_infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Transport infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2</span> <span>Ferries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3</span> <span>Road network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.4</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minoan_civilization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minoan_civilization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Minoan civilization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minoan_civilization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mycenaean_civilization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mycenaean_civilization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Mycenaean civilization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mycenaean_civilization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaic_and_Classical_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaic_and_Classical_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Archaic and Classical period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaic_and_Classical_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Roman rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_–_first_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_–_first_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Byzantine Empire – first period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_–_first_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arab_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Arab rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_–_second_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_–_second_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Byzantine Empire – second period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_–_second_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venetian_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venetian_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Venetian rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venetian_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Ottoman rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cretan_State_1898–1908" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cretan_State_1898–1908"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Cretan State 1898–1908</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cretan_State_1898–1908-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holiday_homes_and_immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holiday_homes_and_immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Holiday homes and immigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holiday_homes_and_immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeological_sites_and_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeological_sites_and_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Archaeological sites and museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeological_sites_and_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harmful_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harmful_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Harmful effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harmful_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna_and_flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna_and_flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Fauna and flora</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fauna_and_flora-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fauna and flora subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fauna_and_flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistoric_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistoric_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Prehistoric fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistoric_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mammals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mammals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Mammals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mammals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>Birds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reptiles_and_amphibians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reptiles_and_amphibians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.4</span> <span>Reptiles and amphibians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reptiles_and_amphibians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arthropods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arthropods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.5</span> <span>Arthropods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arthropods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crustaceans_and_molluscs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crustaceans_and_molluscs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.6</span> <span>Crustaceans and molluscs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crustaceans_and_molluscs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sealife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sealife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.7</span> <span>Sealife</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sealife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmentally_protected_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmentally_protected_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Environmentally protected areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmentally_protected_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Mythology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>General and cited sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Crete</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 129 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-129" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">129 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%80%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%A4%E1%88%B5" title="ቀርጤስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቀርጤስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creto" title="Creto – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Creto" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="كريت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كريت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creta" title="Creta – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Creta" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%AA%DC%9B%DC%90" title="ܩܪܛܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܪܛܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A7" title="Կրետէ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կրետէ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creta" title="Creta – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Creta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krit" title="Krit – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Krit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="کرت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کرت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A9ta" title="Kréta – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kréta" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F" title="ক্রিট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্রিট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crete" title="Crete – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Crete" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Крыт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крыт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Крыт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Крыт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Крит – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Крит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creta" title="Creta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Creta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Крит – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Крит" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crete_(pulo)" title="Crete (pulo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Crete (pulo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A9ta" title="Kréta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kréta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creta" title="Creta – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Creta" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creta" title="Creta – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Creta" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="كريت – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كريت" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreeta" title="Kreeta – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kreeta" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7" title="Κρήτη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρήτη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creta" title="Creta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Creta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreto_(insulo)" title="Kreto (insulo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kreto (insulo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="کرت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کرت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A8te" title="Crète – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Crète" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chr%C3%A9it" title="An Chréit – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chréit" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_de_Creta" title="Illa de Creta – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illa de Creta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌺𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A0%88%ED%83%80" title="크레타 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크레타" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crete" title="Crete – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Crete" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A5" title="Կրետե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կրետե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4" title="क्रीत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्रीत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriti" title="Kriti – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kriti" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creta" title="Creta – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Creta" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creta" title="Creta – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Creta" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Крит – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Крит" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%ADt_(eyja)" title="Krít (eyja) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Krít (eyja)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creta_(Grecia)" title="Creta (Grecia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Creta (Grecia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9D" title="כרתים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כרתים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="კრეტა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კრეტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Крит – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Крит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krete" title="Krete – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Krete" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%AEt" title="Krît – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Krît" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Крит – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Крит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creta" title="Creta – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Creta" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%93ta" title="Krēta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krēta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criti" title="Criti – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Criti" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creta" title="Creta – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Creta" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A9ta_(sziget)" title="Kréta (sziget) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kréta (sziget)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Крит – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Крит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ക്രീറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്രീറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F" title="क्रीट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्रीट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="კრეტა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კრეტა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="كريت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كريت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="کرت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کرت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriti" title="Kriti – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kriti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1ik-l%C4%AB-d%C4%AB" title="Gáik-lī-dī – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gáik-lī-dī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%BF%E5%B3%B6" title="クレタ島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クレタ島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreeta_(Regiuun)" title="Kreeta (Regiuun) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kreeta (Regiuun)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creta" title="Creta – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Creta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Крит – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Крит" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krit" title="Krit – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Krit" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="کریٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کریٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="کرت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کرت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7" title="Κρήτη – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Κρήτη" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creta" title="Creta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Creta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creta" title="Creta – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Creta" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriti" title="Kriti – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kriti" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Крета – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Крета" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Крит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creta" title="Creta – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Creta" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crete" title="Crete – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Crete" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crita" title="Crita – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Crita" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crete" title="Crete – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Crete" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A9ta" title="Kréta – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kréta" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="کریت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کریت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Крит – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Крит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krit" title="Krit – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Krit" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreeta" title="Kreeta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kreeta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kreta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creta" title="Creta – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Creta" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="கிரீட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிரீட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Крит – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Крит" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95" title="ครีต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ครีต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girit" title="Girit – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Girit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Крит – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Крит" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="کریٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کریٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0ndia" title="Càndia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Càndia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crete" title="Crete – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Crete" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Crete&params=35_12.6_N_24_54.6_E_region:GR-M_scale:5000000_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°12.6′N</span> <span class="longitude">24°54.6′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.2100°N 24.9100°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.2100; 24.9100</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest Greek island</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Greek island. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Crete_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Crete (disambiguation)">Crete (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Creta" redirects here. For the car, see <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Creta" title="Hyundai Creta">Hyundai Creta</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Crete (Kriti)</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="ib-islands-native"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Native name</a>: <div class="nickname" lang="el"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Κρήτη</span></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Island_of_Crete,_Greece.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Island of Crete, Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Island_of_Crete%2C_Greece.JPG/260px-Island_of_Crete%2C_Greece.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Island_of_Crete%2C_Greece.JPG/390px-Island_of_Crete%2C_Greece.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Island_of_Crete%2C_Greece.JPG/520px-Island_of_Crete%2C_Greece.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> photograph of Crete</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kriti_in_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kriti_in_Greece.svg/260px-Kriti_in_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kriti_in_Greece.svg/390px-Kriti_in_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kriti_in_Greece.svg/520px-Kriti_in_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1003" data-file-height="825" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Crete&params=35_12.6_N_24_54.6_E_region:GR-M_scale:5000000_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°12.6′N</span> <span class="longitude">24°54.6′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.2100°N 24.9100°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.2100; 24.9100</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">8,450 km<sup>2</sup> (3,260 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area" title="List of islands by area">Area rank</a></th><td class="infobox-data">88</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">2,456 m (8058 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ida_(Crete)" title="Mount Ida (Crete)">Mount Ida</a> (Psiloritis)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_regions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative regions of Greece">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Administration">Crete</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest settlement</th><td class="infobox-data">Heraklion (pop. 144,442<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Demonym</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cretan" class="extiw" title="wikt:Cretan">Cretan</a>, archaic <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cretian" class="extiw" title="wikt:Cretian">Cretian</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">624,408 (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-2021census_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021census-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_population" title="List of islands by population">Population rank</a></th><td class="infobox-data">73</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pop. density</th><td class="infobox-data">74.9/km<sup>2</sup> (194/sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnic groups</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a>;<br />historically, <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Minoan civilisation">Minoans</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Eteocretan_language" title="Eteocretan language">Eteocretans</a>,<br /> Cydonians and <a href="/wiki/Pelasgians" title="Pelasgians">Pelasgians</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Additional information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>GMT +2</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">ISO code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">GR-M</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2022) <b>0.911</b><sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#090">very high</span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Greek regions by Human Development Index">3rd of 13</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Crete</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KREET</span></i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Κρήτη</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Modern</a>:</small> <span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el-Latn">Kríti</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[ˈkriti]</a></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient</a>:</small> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Krḗtē</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[krɛ̌ːtεː]</a></span>) is the largest and most populous of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek islands">Greek islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area" title="List of islands by area">88th</a> largest island in the world and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Mediterranean#By_area" title="List of islands in the Mediterranean">fifth largest island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>. Crete is located about 100 km (62 mi) south of the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a>, and about 300 km (190 mi) southwest of <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. Crete has an area of 8,450 km<sup>2</sup> (3,260 sq mi) and a coastline of 1,046 km (650 mi). It bounds the southern border of the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a> (or North Cretan Sea) to the north and the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sea" title="Libyan Sea">Libyan Sea</a> (or South Cretan Sea) to the south. Crete covers 260 km from west to east but is narrow from north to south, spanning three longitudes but only half a latitude. </p><p>Crete and a number of islands and islets that surround it constitute the Region of Crete (Greek: <span lang="el">Περιφέρεια Κρήτης</span>), which is the southernmost of the 13 <a href="/wiki/Modern_regions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern regions of Greece">top-level administrative units of Greece</a>, and the fifth most populous of Greece's regions. Its capital and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a>, on the north shore of the island. As of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the region had a population of 624,408.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Dodecanese" title="Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a> are located to the northeast of Crete, while the <a href="/wiki/Cyclades" title="Cyclades">Cyclades</a> are situated to the north, separated by the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a> is to the region's northwest. </p><p>Crete was the center of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>'s first advanced civilization, the <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoans</a>, from 2700 to 1420 BC. The Minoan civilization was overrun by the <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean civilization</a> from mainland Greece. Crete was later ruled by Rome, then successively by the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Andalusian</a> Arabs, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian Republic</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. In 1898 Crete, whose people had for some time wanted to join the Greek state, achieved independence from the Ottomans, formally becoming the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_State" title="Cretan State">Cretan State</a>. Crete became part of Greece in December 1913. </p><p>The island is mostly mountainous, and its character is defined by a high mountain range crossing from west to east. It includes Crete's highest point, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ida_(Crete)" title="Mount Ida (Crete)">Mount Ida</a>, and the range of the <a href="/wiki/Lefka_Ori" title="Lefka Ori">White Mountains</a> (Lefka Ori) with 30 summits above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) in altitude and the <a href="/wiki/Samaria_Gorge" title="Samaria Gorge">Samaria Gorge</a>, a <a href="/wiki/World_Biosphere_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="World Biosphere Reserve">World Biosphere Reserve</a>. Crete forms a significant part of the economy and cultural heritage of Greece, while retaining its own local cultural traits (such as its own <a href="/wiki/Mantinada" title="Mantinada">poetry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cretan_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan music">music</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Heraklion_International_Airport,_%22Nikos_Kazantzakis%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraklion International Airport, "Nikos Kazantzakis"">Nikos Kazantzakis</a> airport at Heraklion and the <a href="/wiki/Chania_International_Airport" title="Chania International Airport">Daskalogiannis</a> airport at <a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a> serve international travelers. The <a href="/wiki/Minoan_palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Minoan palace">Minoan palace</a> at <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a> is also located in Heraklion.<sup id="cite_ref-Ancient_Crete_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ancient_Crete-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="font-size: 88%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid blue; margin: 0.5em 1em; text-align: center; clear: left; float: left; margin-left: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0.75em; background-color: var(--background-color-base); color:var( --color-base ); text-align: center"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D28.png?cf7bf" height="24" title="D28 [kA]" alt="kA" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z1.png?4dc06" height="16" title="Z1" alt="Z1" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_I9.png?fe540" height="12" title="I9" alt="I9" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U33.png?bde2c" height="38" title="U33" alt="U33" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z7.png?fc6fb" height="17" title="Z7" alt="Z7" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N25.png?6f14c" height="16" title="N25" alt="N25" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table>Crete </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: navajowhite; color:black; border-bottom: 1px solid peru; padding: 0.5em"><i>Keftiu</i><br />in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The earliest references to the island of Crete come from texts from the <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Mari,_Syria" title="Mari, Syria">Mari</a> dating from the <a href="/wiki/18th_century_BC" title="18th century BC">18th century</a> BC, where the island is referred to as <i>Kaptara</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is repeated later in <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Assyrian">Neo-Assyrian</a> records and the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Caphtor" title="Caphtor">Caphtor</a></i>). It was known in ancient <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian</a> as <span title="Ancient Egyptian-language text"><i lang="egy-Latn">Keftiu</i></span> or <span title="Ancient Egyptian-language text"><i lang="egy-Latn">kftı͗w</i></span>, strongly suggesting a similar <a href="/wiki/Minoan_language" title="Minoan language">Minoan</a> name for the island.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current name <i>Crete</i> is first attested in the 15th century BC in <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean Greek</a> texts, written in <a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a>, through the words <i>ke-re-te</i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1094882035">.mw-parser-output .script-Cprt{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cypriot",Code2001}.mw-parser-output .script-Hano{font-size:125%;font-family:"Noto Sans Hanunoo",FreeSerif,Quivira}.mw-parser-output .script-Latf,.mw-parser-output .script-de-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Breitkopf Fraktur",UnifrakturCook,UniFrakturMaguntia,MarsFraktur,"MarsFraktur OT",KochFraktur,"KochFraktur OT",OffenbacherSchwabOT,"LOB.AlteSchwabacher","LOV.AlteSchwabacher","LOB.AtlantisFraktur","LOV.AtlantisFraktur","LOB.BreitkopfFraktur","LOV.BreitkopfFraktur","LOB.FetteFraktur","LOV.FetteFraktur","LOB.Fraktur3","LOV.Fraktur3","LOB.RochFraktur","LOV.RochFraktur","LOB.PostFraktur","LOV.PostFraktur","LOB.RuelhscheFraktur","LOV.RuelhscheFraktur","LOB.RungholtFraktur","LOV.RungholtFraktur","LOB.TheuerbankFraktur","LOV.TheuerbankFraktur","LOB.VinetaFraktur","LOV.VinetaFraktur","LOB.WalbaumFraktur","LOV.WalbaumFraktur","LOB.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOV.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOB.WieynckFraktur","LOV.WieynckFraktur","LOB.ZentenarFraktur","LOV.ZentenarFraktur"}.mw-parser-output .script-en-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:Cankama,"Old English Text MT","Textura Libera","Textura Libera Tenuis",London}.mw-parser-output .script-it-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Rotunda Pommerania",Rotunda,"Typographer Rotunda"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lina{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear A"}.mw-parser-output .script-Linb{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear B"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ugar{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Ugaritic",Aegean}.mw-parser-output .script-Xpeo{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old Persian",Artaxerxes,Xerxes,Aegean}</style><span class="script-Linb">𐀐𐀩𐀳</span>, *<i>Krētes</i>; later Greek: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Κρῆτες</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[krɛː.tes]</a></span>, plural of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Κρής</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[krɛːs]</a></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>ke-re-si-jo</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="script-Linb">𐀐𐀩𐀯𐀍</span>, *<i>Krēsijos</i>; later Greek: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Κρήσιος</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[krέːsios]</a></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'Cretian').<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>, the name Crete (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Κρήτη</span></span>) first appears in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its etymology is unknown. One proposal derives it from a hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Luwian_language" title="Luwian language">Luwian</a> word <span title="Cuneiform Luwian-language text">*<i lang="xlu-Latn">kursatta</i></span> (compare <span title="Cuneiform Luwian-language text"><i lang="xlu-Latn">kursawar</i></span> 'island', <span title="Cuneiform Luwian-language text"><i lang="xlu-Latn">kursattar</i></span> 'cutting, sliver').<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another proposal suggests that it derives from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a> word <i>"κραταιή" (krataie̅)</i>, meaning strong or powerful, the reasoning being that Crete was the strongest <a href="/wiki/Thalassocracy" title="Thalassocracy">thalassocracy</a> during ancient times.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">Latin</a>, the name of the island became <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Creta</i></span>. The original Arabic name of Crete was <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Iqrīṭiš</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">اقريطش</span> < <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">(τῆς) Κρήτης)</span></span>, but after the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete" title="Emirate of Crete">Emirate of Crete</a>'s establishment of its new capital at <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ربض الخندق</span></span> <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Rabḍ al-Ḫandaq</i></span> (modern <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Ηράκλειο</span>, <span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el-Latn">Irákleio</i></span>), both the city and the island became known as <span title="Medieval Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Χάνδαξ</span></span> (<span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el-Latn">Chandax</i></span>) or <span title="Medieval Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Χάνδακας</span></span> (<span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el-Latn">Chandakas</i></span>), which gave Latin, Italian, and Venetian <span title="Venetian-language text"><i lang="vec">Candia</i></span>, from which were derived French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Candie</i></span> and English <i>Candy</i> or <i>Candia</i>. Under <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman rule</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish" title="Ottoman Turkish">Ottoman Turkish</a>, Crete was called <span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><i lang="ota-Latn">Girit</i></span> (<span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota" dir="rtl">كريد</span></span>). In the Hebrew Bible, Crete is referred to as (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">כְּרֵתִים</span></span>) "kretim". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_geography_and_climate">Physical geography and climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Physical geography and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greece" title="Geography of Greece">Geography of Greece</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Ida_chain_Messara_plain_from_Phaistos_Crete_Greece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mount_Ida_chain_Messara_plain_from_Phaistos_Crete_Greece.jpg/250px-Mount_Ida_chain_Messara_plain_from_Phaistos_Crete_Greece.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mount_Ida_chain_Messara_plain_from_Phaistos_Crete_Greece.jpg/375px-Mount_Ida_chain_Messara_plain_from_Phaistos_Crete_Greece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mount_Ida_chain_Messara_plain_from_Phaistos_Crete_Greece.jpg/500px-Mount_Ida_chain_Messara_plain_from_Phaistos_Crete_Greece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4479" data-file-height="2730" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Messara_Plain" title="Messara Plain">Messara Plain</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vai_R02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Vai_R02.jpg/250px-Vai_R02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Vai_R02.jpg/375px-Vai_R02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Vai_R02.jpg/500px-Vai_R02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3900" data-file-height="2226" /></a><figcaption>The palm beach of <a href="/wiki/Vai_(Crete)" title="Vai (Crete)">Vai</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lefka_Ori.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Lefka_Ori.jpg/250px-Lefka_Ori.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Lefka_Ori.jpg/375px-Lefka_Ori.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Lefka_Ori.jpg/500px-Lefka_Ori.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lefka_Ori" title="Lefka Ori">Lefka Ori</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Psiloritis3(js).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Psiloritis3%28js%29.jpg/250px-Psiloritis3%28js%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Psiloritis3%28js%29.jpg/375px-Psiloritis3%28js%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Psiloritis3%28js%29.jpg/500px-Psiloritis3%28js%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Psiloritis" class="mw-redirect" title="Psiloritis">Psiloritis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Crete is the largest island in Greece and the fifth largest island in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. It is located in the southern part of the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a> separating the Aegean from the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sea" title="Libyan Sea">Libyan Sea</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Island_morphology">Island morphology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Island morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island has an elongated shape: it spans 260 km (160 mi) from east to west, is 60 km (37 mi) at its widest point, and narrows to as little as 12 km (7.5 mi) (close to <a href="/wiki/Ierapetra" title="Ierapetra">Ierapetra</a>). Crete covers an area of 8,336 km<sup>2</sup> (3,219 sq mi), with a coastline of 1,046 km (650 mi); to the north, it broaches the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a> (Greek: <span lang="el">Κρητικό Πέλαγος</span>); to the south, the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sea" title="Libyan Sea">Libyan Sea</a> (Greek: <span lang="el">Λιβυκό Πέλαγος</span>); in the west, the <a href="/wiki/Myrtoan_Sea" title="Myrtoan Sea">Myrtoan Sea</a>, and toward the east the Carpathian Sea. It lies approximately 160 km (99 mi) south of the Greek mainland. </p><p>There are a number of peninsulas and gulfs on the north side of Crete, from west to east these include: <a href="/wiki/Gramvousa_Peninsula" title="Gramvousa Peninsula">Gramvousa</a> peninsula, gulf of Kissamos, Rodopos peninsula, <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Chania" title="Gulf of Chania">gulf of Chania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri,_Crete" title="Akrotiri, Crete">Akrotiri</a> peninsula, <a href="/wiki/Souda_Bay" title="Souda Bay">Souda Bay</a>, Apokoronas cape, gulf of <a href="/wiki/Almyros" title="Almyros">Almiros</a>, gulf of <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a>, Aforesmenos cape, gulf of <a href="/wiki/Mirabello_Bay" title="Mirabello Bay">Mirabello</a>, gulf of <a href="/wiki/Sitia" title="Sitia">Sitia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Sideros" title="Cape Sideros">Sideros</a> peninsula. On the south side of Crete is the gulf of <a href="/wiki/Messara_Plain" title="Messara Plain">Messaras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Lithinon" title="Cape Lithinon">Cape Lithinon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mountains_and_valleys">Mountains and valleys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mountains and valleys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crete is mountainous, and its character is defined by a high mountain range crossing from west to east, formed by six different groups of mountains: </p> <ul><li>The White Mountains or <a href="/wiki/Lefka_Ori" title="Lefka Ori">Lefka Ori</a> 2,453 m (8,048 ft)</li> <li>The Idi Range (<a href="/wiki/Psiloritis" class="mw-redirect" title="Psiloritis">Psiloritis</a>) 2,456 m (8,058 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterousia_Mountains" title="Asterousia Mountains">Asterousia Mountains</a> 1,231 m (4,039 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kedros" title="Mount Kedros">Kedros</a> 1,777 m (5,830 ft)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dikti" title="Dikti">Dikti Mountains</a> 2,148 m (7,047 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrypti" title="Thrypti">Thrypti</a> 1,489 m (4,885 ft)</li></ul> <p>These mountains lavish Crete with valleys, such as <a href="/wiki/Amari_Valley" title="Amari Valley">Amari valley</a>, fertile plateaus, such as <a href="/wiki/Lasithi_Plateau" title="Lasithi Plateau">Lasithi plateau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omalos" title="Omalos">Omalos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nidha" class="mw-redirect" title="Nidha">Nidha</a>; caves, such as <a href="/wiki/Gourgouthakas" title="Gourgouthakas">Gourgouthakas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diktaion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diktaion (page does not exist)">Diktaion</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idaion (page does not exist)">Idaion</a> (the birthplace of the ancient Greek god <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>); and a number of gorges. </p><p>The mountains have been seen as a key feature of the island's distinctiveness, especially since the time of Romantic travellers' writing. Contemporary Cretans distinguish between highlanders and lowlanders; the former often claim to reside in places affording a higher/better climatic and moral environment. In keeping with the legacy of Romantic authors, the mountains are seen as having determined their residents' 'resistance' to past invaders which relates to the oft-encountered idea that highlanders are 'purer' in terms of less intermarriages with occupiers. For residents of mountainous areas, such as <a href="/wiki/Sfakians" title="Sfakians">Sfakia</a> in western Crete, the aridness and rockiness of the mountains is emphasised as an element of pride and is often compared to the alleged soft-soiled mountains of others parts of Greece or the world.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gorges,_rivers_and_lakes"><span id="Gorges.2C_rivers_and_lakes"></span>Gorges, rivers and lakes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gorges, rivers and lakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island has a number of gorges, such as the <a href="/wiki/Samari%C3%A1_Gorge" class="mw-redirect" title="Samariá Gorge">Samariá Gorge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imbros_Gorge" title="Imbros Gorge">Imbros Gorge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kourtaliotiko_Gorge" title="Kourtaliotiko Gorge">Kourtaliotiko Gorge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ha_Gorge" title="Ha Gorge">Ha Gorge</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Platania_Gorge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platania Gorge (page does not exist)">Platania Gorge</a>, the Gorge of the Dead (at <a href="/wiki/Kato_Zakros" class="mw-redirect" title="Kato Zakros">Kato Zakros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sitia" title="Sitia">Sitia</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Richtis_Gorge" title="Richtis Gorge">Richtis Gorge</a> and (Richtis) waterfall at Exo Mouliana in <a href="/wiki/Sitia" title="Sitia">Sitia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rivers of Crete include the <a href="/wiki/Ieropotamos_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ieropotamos River">Geropotamos River</a>, the Koiliaris, the Anapodiaris, the Almiros, the Giofyros, the Keritis, and Megas Potamos. There are only two freshwater lakes in Crete: <a href="/wiki/Lake_Kournas" title="Lake Kournas">Lake Kournas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Agia" title="Lake Agia">Lake Agia</a>, which are both in <a href="/wiki/Chania_(regional_unit)" title="Chania (regional unit)">Chania regional unit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lake_Voulismeni" title="Lake Voulismeni">Lake Voulismeni</a> at the coast, at Aghios Nikolaos, was formerly a freshwater lake but is now connected to the sea, in <a href="/wiki/Lasithi" title="Lasithi">Lasithi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three artificial lakes created by dams also exist in Crete: the lake of <a href="/wiki/Aposelemis_Dam" title="Aposelemis Dam">Aposelemis Dam</a>, the lake of Potamos Dam, and the lake of Mpramiana Dam. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HaGorgeExit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ha Gorge"><img alt="Ha Gorge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/HaGorgeExit.jpg/180px-HaGorgeExit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/HaGorgeExit.jpg/270px-HaGorgeExit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/HaGorgeExit.jpg/360px-HaGorgeExit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ha_Gorge" title="Ha Gorge">Ha Gorge</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samaria_Gorge_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samariá Gorge"><img alt="Samariá Gorge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Samaria_Gorge_09.jpg/360px-Samaria_Gorge_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Samaria_Gorge_09.jpg/540px-Samaria_Gorge_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Samaria_Gorge_09.jpg/720px-Samaria_Gorge_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Samari%C3%A1_Gorge" class="mw-redirect" title="Samariá Gorge">Samariá Gorge</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 154.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 152.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crete_Aradaina3_tango7174.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aradaina Gorge"><img alt="Aradaina Gorge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Crete_Aradaina3_tango7174.jpg/229px-Crete_Aradaina3_tango7174.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Crete_Aradaina3_tango7174.jpg/343px-Crete_Aradaina3_tango7174.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Crete_Aradaina3_tango7174.jpg/458px-Crete_Aradaina3_tango7174.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aradaina Gorge</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venetian_Bridge_over_Megalop%C3%B3tamos_River,_Pr%C3%A9veli,_Crete.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Venetian Bridge over Megalopotamos River"><img alt="Venetian Bridge over Megalopotamos River" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Venetian_Bridge_over_Megalop%C3%B3tamos_River%2C_Pr%C3%A9veli%2C_Crete.jpg/320px-Venetian_Bridge_over_Megalop%C3%B3tamos_River%2C_Pr%C3%A9veli%2C_Crete.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Venetian_Bridge_over_Megalop%C3%B3tamos_River%2C_Pr%C3%A9veli%2C_Crete.jpg/480px-Venetian_Bridge_over_Megalop%C3%B3tamos_River%2C_Pr%C3%A9veli%2C_Crete.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Venetian_Bridge_over_Megalop%C3%B3tamos_River%2C_Pr%C3%A9veli%2C_Crete.jpg/640px-Venetian_Bridge_over_Megalop%C3%B3tamos_River%2C_Pr%C3%A9veli%2C_Crete.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Candia" title="Kingdom of Candia">Venetian</a> Bridge over Megalopotamos River</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surrounding_islands">Surrounding islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Surrounding islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_islands#Cretan_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Greek islands">List of Greek islands § Cretan islands</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>Map this section's coordinates in "List of islands of Greece" using</b> <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=List+of+islands+of+Greece&section=Cretan+islands+of+the+Aegean+Sea">OpenStreetMap</a> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="show links" data-collapsetext="Hide"> <p><b>Download coordinates as:</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport?article=List+of+islands+of+Greece&section=Cretan+islands+of+the+Aegean+Sea">KML</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=all&titles=List+of+islands+of+Greece&section=Cretan+islands+of+the+Aegean+Sea">GPX (all coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=primary&titles=List+of+islands+of+Greece&section=Cretan+islands+of+the+Aegean+Sea">GPX (primary coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=secondary&titles=List+of+islands+of+Greece&section=Cretan+islands+of+the+Aegean+Sea">GPX (secondary coordinates)</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>Map this section's coordinates in "List of islands of Greece" using</b> <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=List+of+islands+of+Greece&section=Cretan+islands+of+the+Libyan+Sea">OpenStreetMap</a> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="show links" data-collapsetext="Hide"> <p><b>Download coordinates as:</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport?article=List+of+islands+of+Greece&section=Cretan+islands+of+the+Libyan+Sea">KML</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=all&titles=List+of+islands+of+Greece&section=Cretan+islands+of+the+Libyan+Sea">GPX (all coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=primary&titles=List+of+islands+of+Greece&section=Cretan+islands+of+the+Libyan+Sea">GPX (primary coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=secondary&titles=List+of+islands+of+Greece&section=Cretan+islands+of+the+Libyan+Sea">GPX (secondary coordinates)</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crete2022OSM.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Crete2022OSM.png/220px-Crete2022OSM.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Crete2022OSM.png/330px-Crete2022OSM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Crete2022OSM.png/440px-Crete2022OSM.png 2x" data-file-width="9010" data-file-height="4002" /></a><figcaption>Detailed map of Crete and outlying islands</figcaption></figure> <p>A large number of islands, <a href="/wiki/Islet" title="Islet">islets</a>, and rocks hug the coast of Crete. Many are visited by tourists, some are only visited by <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeologists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biologist" title="Biologist">biologists</a>. Some are <a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">environmentally protected</a>. A small sample of the islands includes: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gramvousa" title="Gramvousa">Gramvousa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kissamos" title="Kissamos">Kissamos</a>, Chania) the pirate island opposite the Balo lagoon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elafonisi" title="Elafonisi">Elafonisi</a> (Chania), which commemorates a shipwreck and an Ottoman massacre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysi_(island)" title="Chrysi (island)">Chrysi</a> island (<a href="/wiki/Ierapetra" title="Ierapetra">Ierapetra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lasithi" title="Lasithi">Lasithi</a>), which hosts the largest natural <i><a href="/wiki/Juniperus_macrocarpa" title="Juniperus macrocarpa">Juniperus macrocarpa</a></i> forest in Europe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paximadia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paximadia">Paximadia</a> island (Agia Galini, <a href="/wiki/Rethymno" title="Rethymno">Rethymno</a>) where the god Apollo and the goddess Artemis were born</li> <li>The Venetian fort and leper colony at <a href="/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga">Spinalonga</a> opposite the beach and shallow waters of <a href="/wiki/Elounda" title="Elounda">Elounda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Agios_Nikolaos,_Crete" title="Agios Nikolaos, Crete">Agios Nikolaos</a>, Lasithi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysades" title="Dionysades">Dionysades</a> islands which are in an environmentally protected region together with the Palm Beach Forest of <a href="/wiki/Vai_(Crete)" title="Vai (Crete)">Vai</a> in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Sitia" title="Sitia">Sitia</a>, Lasithi</li></ul> <p>Off the south coast, the island of <a href="/wiki/Gavdos" title="Gavdos">Gavdos</a> is located 26 nautical miles (48 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Hora_Sfakion" title="Hora Sfakion">Hora Sfakion</a> and is the <a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Europe" title="Extreme points of Europe">southernmost</a> point of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Greece" title="Climate of Greece">Climate of Greece</a></div> <p>Crete straddles two climatic zones, the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid climate</a>, mainly falling within the former. As such, the climate in Crete is primarily a <a href="/wiki/Hot-summer_mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-summer mediterranean">hot-summer Mediterranean</a> (<i>Csa</i>) climate while some areas in the <a href="/wiki/Lentas#Climate" title="Lentas">south</a> and east have a <a href="/wiki/Hot_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot semi-arid climate">hot semi-arid climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: <i>BSh</i>). The higher elevations fall into the warm-summer <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> category (<i>Csb</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the mountain peaks (>2,000 meters) might feature a cold-summer <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> (<i>Csc</i>) or a <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental climate</a> (<i>Dfb</i> or <i>Dfc</i>). The atmosphere can be quite humid, depending on the proximity to the sea, while winter is fairly mild. Snowfall is common on the mountains between November and May, but rare in the low-lying areas. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_harbour_Chania_Crete_Greece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_harbour_Chania_Crete_Greece.jpg/250px-Flag_harbour_Chania_Crete_Greece.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_harbour_Chania_Crete_Greece.jpg/375px-Flag_harbour_Chania_Crete_Greece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_harbour_Chania_Crete_Greece.jpg/500px-Flag_harbour_Chania_Crete_Greece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4290" data-file-height="3048" /></a><figcaption>Flag harbour Chania, Crete, Greece</figcaption></figure> <p>The south coast, including the <a href="/wiki/Mesara_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesara Plain">Mesara Plain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asterousia_Mountains" title="Asterousia Mountains">Asterousia Mountains</a>, falls in the North African climatic zone, enjoying significantly more sunny days and high temperatures throughout the year. There, <a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">date palms</a> bear fruit, and <a href="/wiki/Swallow_(bird)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swallow (bird)">swallows</a> remain year-round rather than migrate to <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. The fertile region around <a href="/wiki/Ierapetra" title="Ierapetra">Ierapetra</a>, on the southeastern corner of the island, has year-round agricultural production, with summer vegetables and fruit produced in <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">greenhouses</a> throughout the winter.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Western Crete (Chania province) receives more rain and the soils there suffer more erosion compared to the Eastern part of Crete.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Average annual temperatures reach up to 21.6°C in <a href="/wiki/Psari_Forada" title="Psari Forada">Psari Forada</a> which is located in South Crete. Crete holds the record for the highest temperatures ever recorded in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> during October, November, January and February from <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> stations.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_National_Meteorological_Service" title="Hellenic National Meteorological Service">Hellenic National Meteorological Service</a>, South Crete receives the most sunshine in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> with more than 3,257 hours of sunshine per year.<sup id="cite_ref-Climatic_Atlas_of_Greece_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climatic_Atlas_of_Greece-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:70%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Heraklion 1955-2010 (<a href="/wiki/HNMS" class="mw-redirect" title="HNMS">HNMS</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5<br />(99.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.3<br />(106.3) </td> <td style="background: #E20000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.6<br />(110.5) </td> <td style="background: #D50000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.5<br />(112.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.5<br />(103.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #D50000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.5<br />(112.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.0<br />(3.58) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.0<br />(2.72) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.4<br />(2.10) </td> <td style="background: #D3FFD3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(1.11) </td> <td style="background: #EBFFEB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(0.53) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(0.11) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(0.03) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(0.04) </td> <td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(0.66) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.4<br />(2.34) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.6<br />(2.35) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.6<br />(3.37) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">480.9<br />(18.94) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.0 </td> <td style="background: #4646FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.6 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.2 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">91.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000F8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.4 </td> <td style="background: #0101FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.4 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.9 </td> <td style="background: #1010FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.3 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61.2 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57.0 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57.1 </td> <td style="background: #1C1CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59.1 </td> <td style="background: #1212FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61.9 </td> <td style="background: #0303FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000FA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000F8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.3 </td> <td style="background: #0C0CFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">63.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B6B660; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.9 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">132.3 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">181.5 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">234.8 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">298.5 </td> <td style="background: #FEFE30; color:#000000;" class="notheme">356.2 </td> <td style="background: #FEFE30; color:#000000;" class="notheme">368.3 </td> <td style="background: #F8F823; color:#000000;" class="notheme">343.5 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">275.8 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">206.9 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">145.5 </td> <td style="background: #B4B46C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">115.4 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,778.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/HNMS" class="mw-redirect" title="HNMS">HNMS</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: meteo-climat (extremes)<sup id="cite_ref-meteo-climat_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meteo-climat-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:70%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Lentas" title="Lentas">Lentas</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7<br />(85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7<br />(98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.6<br />(103.3) </td> <td style="background: #E60000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.3<br />(109.9) </td> <td style="background: #EE0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.7<br />(108.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7<br />(98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #E60000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43.3<br />(109.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7<br />(85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.2<br />(3.24) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.7<br />(2.43) </td> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.1<br />(1.62) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(0.54) </td> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(0.35) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(0.21) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.00) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(0.04) </td> <td style="background: #EFFFEF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(0.41) </td> <td style="background: #D1FFD1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(1.19) </td> <td style="background: #B9FFB9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.1<br />(1.78) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.0<br />(2.40) </td> <td style="background: #D1FFD1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">360.6<br />(14.21) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/National_Observatory_of_Athens" title="National Observatory of Athens">National Observatory of Athens</a> Monthly Bulletins (Dec 2011-Jan 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a><sup id="cite_ref-WMO_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_geography">Human geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Human geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crete is the most populous island in Greece with a population of more than 600,000 people. Approximately 42% live in Crete's main cities and towns whilst 45% live in rural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chania_harbour.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Venetian harbour in Chania"><img alt="Venetian harbour in Chania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Chania_harbour.jpg/327px-Chania_harbour.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Chania_harbour.jpg/491px-Chania_harbour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Chania_harbour.jpg/655px-Chania_harbour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Venetian harbour in <a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9_%CE%A1%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85_0301-HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dusk airview of the Old Harbour of Rethymno"><img alt="Dusk airview of the Old Harbour of Rethymno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9_%CE%A1%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85_0301-HDR.jpg/320px-%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9_%CE%A1%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85_0301-HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9_%CE%A1%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85_0301-HDR.jpg/480px-%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9_%CE%A1%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85_0301-HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9_%CE%A1%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85_0301-HDR.jpg/640px-%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9_%CE%A1%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85_0301-HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dusk airview of the Old Harbour of <a href="/wiki/Rethymno" title="Rethymno">Rethymno</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venetian_Arsenals_in_Heraklion_Crete.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of the harbour in Heraklion"><img alt="View of the harbour in Heraklion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Venetian_Arsenals_in_Heraklion_Crete.jpg/360px-Venetian_Arsenals_in_Heraklion_Crete.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Venetian_Arsenals_in_Heraklion_Crete.jpg/540px-Venetian_Arsenals_in_Heraklion_Crete.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Venetian_Arsenals_in_Heraklion_Crete.jpg/719px-Venetian_Arsenals_in_Heraklion_Crete.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6500" data-file-height="4338" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of the harbour in <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 243.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 241.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Agios_Nikolaos_R02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The old harbour in Agios Nikolaos"><img alt="The old harbour in Agios Nikolaos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Agios_Nikolaos_R02.jpg/362px-Agios_Nikolaos_R02.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Agios_Nikolaos_R02.jpg/542px-Agios_Nikolaos_R02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Agios_Nikolaos_R02.jpg/723px-Agios_Nikolaos_R02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="2072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The old harbour in <a href="/wiki/Agios_Nikolaos,_Crete" title="Agios Nikolaos, Crete">Agios Nikolaos</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration">Administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Administrative region of Greece</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Crete Region</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el" style="font-style: normal;">Περιφέρεια Κρήτης</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>)</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Periféria Krítis</i></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_regions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative regions of Greece">Administrative region of Greece</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Crete_Region.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Crete Region"><img alt="Official logo of Crete Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1a/Logo_of_the_Crete_Region.png/100px-Logo_of_the_Crete_Region.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1a/Logo_of_the_Crete_Region.png/150px-Logo_of_the_Crete_Region.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1a/Logo_of_the_Crete_Region.png/200px-Logo_of_the_Crete_Region.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="188" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Logo flag</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prefecture_map_of_Crete_(Greece).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Crete Region"><img alt="Location of Crete Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Prefecture_map_of_Crete_%28Greece%29.svg/250px-Prefecture_map_of_Crete_%28Greece%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Prefecture_map_of_Crete_%28Greece%29.svg/375px-Prefecture_map_of_Crete_%28Greece%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Prefecture_map_of_Crete_%28Greece%29.svg/500px-Prefecture_map_of_Crete_%28Greece%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="8460" data-file-height="7315" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Crete&params=35.21_N_24.91_E_type:city(624408)_region:GR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°13′N</span> <span class="longitude">24°55′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.21°N 24.91°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.21; 24.91</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1912</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">Regional units</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Chania_(regional_unit)" title="Chania (regional unit)">Chania</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Heraklion_(regional_unit)" title="Heraklion (regional unit)">Heraklion</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Rethymno_(regional_unit)" title="Rethymno (regional unit)">Rethymno</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Lasithi" title="Lasithi">Lasithi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Regional governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stavros_Arnaoutakis" title="Stavros Arnaoutakis">Stavros Arnaoutakis</a> (<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/PASOK_%E2%80%93_Movement_for_Change" title="PASOK – Movement for Change">PASOK – Movement for Change</a></span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,335.88 km<sup>2</sup> (3,218.50 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-2011census_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011census-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">624,408</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">75/km<sup>2</sup> (190/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€8.913 billion (2021)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">GR-M</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crete.gov.gr/">www<wbr />.crete<wbr />.gov<wbr />.gr</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Crete with its nearby islands form the <b>Crete Region</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Περιφέρεια Κρήτης</span>, <span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el-Latn">Periféria Krítis</i></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[periˈferia<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈkritis]</a></span>), one of the 13 <a href="/wiki/Modern_regions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern regions of Greece">regions of Greece</a> which were established in the 1987 administrative reform.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Kallikratis_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kallikratis plan">Kallikratis plan</a>, the powers and authority of the regions were redefined and extended. The region is based at <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a> and is divided into four <a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">regional units</a> (pre-Kallikratis <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Greece" title="Prefectures of Greece">prefectures</a>). From west to east these are: <a href="/wiki/Chania_(regional_unit)" title="Chania (regional unit)">Chania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rethymno_(regional_unit)" title="Rethymno (regional unit)">Rethymno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heraklion_(regional_unit)" title="Heraklion (regional unit)">Heraklion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lasithi" title="Lasithi">Lasithi</a>. These are further subdivided into 24 <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Greece">municipalities</a>. </p><p>Since 1 January 2011, the regional governor is <a href="/wiki/Stavros_Arnaoutakis" title="Stavros Arnaoutakis">Stavros Arnaoutakis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/PASOK" title="PASOK">Panhellenic Socialist Movement</a>. First elected in <a href="/wiki/2010_Greek_local_elections" title="2010 Greek local elections">2010</a>, he was re-elected in <a href="/wiki/2014_Greek_local_elections" title="2014 Greek local elections">2014</a>, <a href="/wiki/2019_Greek_local_elections" title="2019 Greek local elections">2019</a> and <a href="/wiki/2023_Crete_regional_election" title="2023 Crete regional election">2023</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities">Cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities of Greece">Cities of Greece</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a> is the largest city and capital of Crete, holding more than a fourth of the island's population. <a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a> was the capital until 1971. The principal cities are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a> (<i>Iraklion</i> or <i>Candia</i>) (144,422 inhabitants)<sup id="cite_ref-census_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a> (<i>Haniá</i>) (88,525 inhabitants)<sup id="cite_ref-census_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rethymno" title="Rethymno">Rethymno</a> (34,300 inhabitants)<sup id="cite_ref-census_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ierapetra" title="Ierapetra">Ierapetra</a> (23,707 inhabitants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Nikolaos,_Crete" title="Agios Nikolaos, Crete">Agios Nikolaos</a> (20,679 inhabitants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitia" title="Sitia">Sitia</a> (14,338 inhabitants)</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venetian_Fortress_in_Heraklion_Crete_NE_side.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Venetian fortress in Heraklion"><img alt="Venetian fortress in Heraklion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Venetian_Fortress_in_Heraklion_Crete_NE_side.jpg/200px-Venetian_Fortress_in_Heraklion_Crete_NE_side.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Venetian_Fortress_in_Heraklion_Crete_NE_side.jpg/300px-Venetian_Fortress_in_Heraklion_Crete_NE_side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Venetian_Fortress_in_Heraklion_Crete_NE_side.jpg/400px-Venetian_Fortress_in_Heraklion_Crete_NE_side.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="3982" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Venetian fortress in <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kreta_-_Chania_-_Kathedrale_der_drei_M%C3%A4rtyrer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chania cathedral"><img alt="Chania cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kreta_-_Chania_-_Kathedrale_der_drei_M%C3%A4rtyrer.jpg/200px-Kreta_-_Chania_-_Kathedrale_der_drei_M%C3%A4rtyrer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kreta_-_Chania_-_Kathedrale_der_drei_M%C3%A4rtyrer.jpg/300px-Kreta_-_Chania_-_Kathedrale_der_drei_M%C3%A4rtyrer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kreta_-_Chania_-_Kathedrale_der_drei_M%C3%A4rtyrer.jpg/400px-Kreta_-_Chania_-_Kathedrale_der_drei_M%C3%A4rtyrer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7282" data-file-height="5548" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a> cathedral</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rethymno_Fortezza_Mosque_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rethymno Fortezza Mosque"><img alt="Rethymno Fortezza Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Rethymno_Fortezza_Mosque_02.JPG/200px-Rethymno_Fortezza_Mosque_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Rethymno_Fortezza_Mosque_02.JPG/300px-Rethymno_Fortezza_Mosque_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Rethymno_Fortezza_Mosque_02.JPG/400px-Rethymno_Fortezza_Mosque_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rethymno" title="Rethymno">Rethymno</a> Fortezza Mosque</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sitia_R01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kazarma fortress at the top in Sitia"><img alt="Kazarma fortress at the top in Sitia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Sitia_R01.jpg/200px-Sitia_R01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Sitia_R01.jpg/300px-Sitia_R01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Sitia_R01.jpg/400px-Sitia_R01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3080" data-file-height="2022" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kazarma_fortress" title="Kazarma fortress">Kazarma fortress</a> at the top in <a href="/wiki/Sitia" title="Sitia">Sitia</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to official census data by the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Statistical_Authority" title="Hellenic Statistical Authority">Hellenic Statistical Authority</a>, the region's population has increased by 1,343 people between 2011 and 2021, experiencing a rise of 0.22%.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island is home to 308,608 men and 315,800 women, accounting for 49.4% and 50.6% of the population respectively. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Population of Crete according to <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Statistical_Authority" title="Hellenic Statistical Authority">ELSTAT</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Crete </th> <th>1981 </th> <th>1991 </th> <th>2001 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2021 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Population </td> <td>502,165 </td> <td>540,054 </td> <td>601,131 </td> <td>623,065 </td> <td>624,408 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Change </td> <td>--- --- --- </td> <td>+7.27% </td> <td>+10.7% </td> <td>+3.58% </td> <td>+0.22% </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The island is divided into four regional units, Heraklion, Rethymno, Chania, and Lasithi. </p><table class="wikitable"> <caption>Cretan regional units by population according to <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Statistical_Authority" title="Hellenic Statistical Authority">ELSTAT</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Regional Unit </th> <th>Population (2021) </th> <th>Change between 2011 and 2021 (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Heraklion </td> <td>305,017 </td> <td>-0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lasithi </td> <td>77,819 </td> <td>+3.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rethymno </td> <td>84,866 </td> <td>-0.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chania </td> <td>156,706 </td> <td>+0.1% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy">Economy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Greece" title="Economy of Greece">Economy of Greece</a></div> <p>The economy of Crete is predominantly based on services and tourism. However, agriculture also plays an important role and Crete is one of the few Greek islands that can support itself without a tourism industry.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economy began to change visibly during the 1970s as tourism gained in importance. Although an emphasis remains on agriculture and stock breeding, because of the climate and terrain of the island, there has been a drop in manufacturing, and an observable expansion in its service industries (mainly tourism-related). All three sectors of the Cretan economy (agriculture/farming, processing-packaging, services), are directly connected and interdependent. The island has a per capita income much higher than the Greek average, whereas unemployment is at approximately 4%, one-sixth of that of the country overall.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (December 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As in many regions of Greece, <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">viticulture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olive</a> groves are significant; <a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">oranges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_citron" title="Greek citron">citrons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avocado" title="Avocado">avocadoes</a> are also cultivated. Until recently <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> there were restrictions on the import of bananas to Greece, therefore bananas were grown on the island, predominantly in greenhouses. Dairy products are important to the local economy and there are a number of specialty cheeses such as <a href="/wiki/Mizithra" title="Mizithra">mizithra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthotyros" title="Anthotyros">anthotyros</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kefalotyri" title="Kefalotyri">kefalotyri</a>. </p><p>20% of Greek wine is produced in Crete, mostly in the region of Peza. <sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Gross domestic product</a> (GDP) of the region was €9.4 billion in 2018, accounting for 5.1% of Greek economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €17,800 or 59% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 68% of the EU average. Crete is the region in Greece with the fifth highest GDP per capita.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_infrastructure">Transport infrastructure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transport infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation in Crete">Transportation in Crete</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Airports">Airports</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island has three significant airports, <a href="/wiki/Heraklion_International_Airport,_%22Nikos_Kazantzakis%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraklion International Airport, "Nikos Kazantzakis"">Nikos Kazantzakis</a> at Heraklion, the <a href="/wiki/Chania_International_Airport" title="Chania International Airport">Daskalogiannis</a> airport at Chania and the smaller <a href="/wiki/Sitia_Public_Airport" title="Sitia Public Airport">Sitia</a> airport. The first two serve international routes, acting as the main gateways to the island for travellers. Work has begun plan to replace Heraklion airport with a new airport at <a href="/wiki/Kasteli_Airport" title="Kasteli Airport">Kasteli</a>, where there is presently an air force base, and the new Kasteli Airport is due to open by 2027. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ferries">Ferries</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ferries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island is well served by ferries, mostly from <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Piraeus" title="Port of Piraeus">Piraeus</a>, by ferry companies such as <a href="/wiki/Minoan_Lines" title="Minoan Lines">Minoan Lines</a> and <a href="/wiki/ANEK_Lines" title="ANEK Lines">ANEK Lines</a> with links to the <a href="/wiki/Cyclades" title="Cyclades">Cyclades</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dodecanese" title="Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a> islands. <a href="/wiki/Seajets" title="Seajets">Seajets</a> also operates routes to <a href="/wiki/Cyclades" title="Cyclades">Cyclades</a>. </p><p>The main ports from west to east are at <a href="/wiki/Kissamos" title="Kissamos">Kissamos</a> (ferry link to Peloponnese), <a href="/wiki/Souda" title="Souda">Souda</a> (Chania), <a href="/wiki/Rethymno" title="Rethymno">Rethymno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a> (links to Cyclades), <a href="/wiki/Agios_Nikolaos,_Crete" title="Agios Nikolaos, Crete">Agios Nikolaos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sitia" title="Sitia">Sitia</a> (link to Dodecanese). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Road_network">Road network</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Road network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kreta_-_Europastra%C3%9Fe75_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kreta_-_Europastra%C3%9Fe75_2.jpg/250px-Kreta_-_Europastra%C3%9Fe75_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kreta_-_Europastra%C3%9Fe75_2.jpg/375px-Kreta_-_Europastra%C3%9Fe75_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kreta_-_Europastra%C3%9Fe75_2.jpg/500px-Kreta_-_Europastra%C3%9Fe75_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4835" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/A90_motorway_(Greece)" title="A90 motorway (Greece)">A90 motorway</a> near <a href="/wiki/Malia,_Crete" title="Malia, Crete">Malia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Most of Crete is served by the road network. A modern highway is currently being upgraded along the north coast connecting the four major cities (<a href="/wiki/A90_motorway_(Greece)" title="A90 motorway (Greece)">A90 motorway</a>), the sections bypassing the main cities (Heraklion to Malia, Rethymno, Chania to Kolymvari) are at motorway standard, while the sections in between, and west to Kissamos and east to Sitia, should be completed by 2028. A link will also connect to the new <a href="/wiki/Kasteli_Airport" title="Kasteli Airport">Kasteli international airport</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, a <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> study has been devised to promote a modern highway to connect the northern and southern parts of the island via a <a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">tunnel</a>. The study proposal includes a 15.7 km (9.8 mi) section of road between the villages of Agia Varvara and Agia Deka in central Crete. The new road section forms part of the route between <a href="/wiki/Messara_Plain" title="Messara Plain">Messara</a> in the south and Crete's largest city <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a>, which houses the island's biggest airport and ferry links with mainland <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railway">Railway</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Also, during the 1930s there was a narrow-gauge industrial railway in Heraklion, from Giofyros in the west side of the city to the port. There are now no railway lines on Crete. The government is planning the construction of a line from Chania to Heraklion via Rethymno.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.gr_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.gr-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The construction sector in Crete responded well during the pandemic and has come out strong in the post-recession recovery period. Total construction spending recovered and is expected to peak a record high (approximately 8% higher than 2019 average levels) signalling consistent expansion in construction projects and real estate investments in Crete.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The evolution of the private sector in Crete is tightly linked with the demand for tourism-related investments. Moreover, the recovery of the tourism sector is expected to lead to further growth in housing prices and rental demand. </p><p>Newspapers have reported that the Ministry of Mercantile Marine is ready to support the agreement between Greece, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dubai_Ports_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubai Ports World">Dubai Ports World</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> for the construction of a large international <a href="/wiki/Container_(cargo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container (cargo)">container</a> port and <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Free trade zone">free trade zone</a> in southern Crete near <a href="/wiki/Tympaki" title="Tympaki">Tympaki</a>; the plan is to expropriate 850 ha (2,100 acres) of land. The port would handle two million containers per year, but the project has not been universally welcomed because of its environmental, economic and cultural impact.<sup id="cite_ref-ncp_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncp-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of January 2013, the project has still not been confirmed, although there is mounting pressure to approve it, arising from Greece's difficult economic situation. </p><p>There are plans for underwater cables going from mainland Greece to Israel and Egypt passing by Crete and Cyprus: <a href="/wiki/EuroAfrica_Interconnector" title="EuroAfrica Interconnector">EuroAfrica Interconnector</a> and <a href="/wiki/EuroAsia_Interconnector" class="mw-redirect" title="EuroAsia Interconnector">EuroAsia Interconnector</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EA_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EAF_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EAF-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They would connect Crete electrically with mainland Greece, ending energy isolation of Crete. At present Greece covers electricity cost differences for Crete of around €300 million per year.<sup id="cite_ref-CRE_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRE-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Crete" title="History of Crete">History of Crete</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMI_-_Stierrhyton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/AMI_-_Stierrhyton.jpg/250px-AMI_-_Stierrhyton.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/AMI_-_Stierrhyton.jpg/375px-AMI_-_Stierrhyton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/AMI_-_Stierrhyton.jpg/500px-AMI_-_Stierrhyton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Minoan <a href="/wiki/Rhyton" title="Rhyton">rhyton</a> in the form of a bull, <a href="/wiki/Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum" title="Heraklion Archaeological Museum">Heraklion Archaeological Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minoan_fresco_depicting_a_bull_leaping_scene,_found_in_Knossos,_1600-1400_BC,_Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum,_Crete_(30547636456).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Minoan_fresco_depicting_a_bull_leaping_scene%2C_found_in_Knossos%2C_1600-1400_BC%2C_Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Crete_%2830547636456%29.jpg/250px-Minoan_fresco_depicting_a_bull_leaping_scene%2C_found_in_Knossos%2C_1600-1400_BC%2C_Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Crete_%2830547636456%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Minoan_fresco_depicting_a_bull_leaping_scene%2C_found_in_Knossos%2C_1600-1400_BC%2C_Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Crete_%2830547636456%29.jpg/375px-Minoan_fresco_depicting_a_bull_leaping_scene%2C_found_in_Knossos%2C_1600-1400_BC%2C_Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Crete_%2830547636456%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Minoan_fresco_depicting_a_bull_leaping_scene%2C_found_in_Knossos%2C_1600-1400_BC%2C_Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Crete_%2830547636456%29.jpg/500px-Minoan_fresco_depicting_a_bull_leaping_scene%2C_found_in_Knossos%2C_1600-1400_BC%2C_Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Crete_%2830547636456%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4408" data-file-height="2231" /></a><figcaption>Minoan fresco from <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum" title="Heraklion Archaeological Museum">Heraklion Archaeological Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knossos_Westbastion_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Knossos_Westbastion_05.jpg/250px-Knossos_Westbastion_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Knossos_Westbastion_05.jpg/375px-Knossos_Westbastion_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Knossos_Westbastion_05.jpg/500px-Knossos_Westbastion_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4548" data-file-height="3413" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Minoan_palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Minoan palace">Minoan palace</a> of <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the later Neolithic and Bronze Age periods, under the Minoans, Crete had a highly developed, literate civilization. It has been ruled by various ancient Greek entities, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete" title="Emirate of Crete">Emirate of Crete</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. After a brief period of independence (1897–1913) under a provisional Cretan government, it joined the Kingdom of Greece. It was occupied by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Crete">Prehistoric Crete</a></div> <p>Stone tools suggest that <a href="/wiki/Archaic_humans" title="Archaic humans">archaic humans</a> may have visited Crete as early as 130,000 years ago, but there is no evidence of permanent settlement of the island until the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a>, around 7,000 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Settlements dating to the <a href="/wiki/Aceramic" title="Aceramic">aceramic</a> Neolithic in the 7th millennium BC, used <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domestic_sheep" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic sheep">sheep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domestic_goat" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic goat">goats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">pigs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dogs</a> as well as domesticated <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legumes</a>; ancient <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a> was the site of one of these major Neolithic (then later Minoan) sites.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other neolithic settlements include those at <a href="/wiki/Kephala" title="Kephala">Kephala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magasa,_Crete" title="Magasa, Crete">Magasa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trapeza,_Crete" title="Trapeza, Crete">Trapeza</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minoan_civilization">Minoan civilization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Minoan civilization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan civilization</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, Crete was the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Minoan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Minoan culture">Minoan civilization</a>, notable for its <a href="/wiki/Minoan_art" title="Minoan art">art</a>, its writing systems such as <a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a>, and for its massive building complexes including the palace at <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a>. Its economy benefited from a network of trade around much of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>, and Minoan cultural influence extended to <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. Some scholars have speculated that <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">legends</a> such as that of the <a href="/wiki/Minotaur" title="Minotaur">minotaur</a> have a historical basis in Minoan times. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mycenaean_civilization">Mycenaean civilization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Mycenaean civilization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greece</a></div> <p>In 1420 BC, the Minoan civilization was subsumed by the <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean civilization</a> from mainland Greece. The oldest samples of writing in the Greek language, as identified by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ventris" title="Michael Ventris">Michael Ventris</a>, is the Linear B archive from Knossos, dated approximately to 1425–1375 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaic_and_Classical_period">Archaic and Classical period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Archaic and Classical period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze Age collapse">Bronze Age collapse</a>, Crete was settled by new waves of Greeks from the mainland. A number of city states developed in the <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic period</a>. There was limited contact with mainland Greece, and <a href="/wiki/Greek_historiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek historiography">Greek historiography</a> shows little interest in Crete, as a result, there are few literary sources. </p><p>During the 6th to 4th centuries BC, Crete was comparatively free from warfare. The <a href="/wiki/Gortyn_code" title="Gortyn code">Gortyn code</a> (5th century BC) is evidence for how codified <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a> established a balance between aristocratic power and civil rights. </p><p>In the late 4th century BC, the aristocratic order began to collapse due to endemic infighting among the elite, and Crete's economy was weakened by prolonged wars between city states. During the 3rd century BC, <a href="/wiki/Gortyn" title="Gortyn">Gortyn</a>, Kydonia (<a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lyctus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyctus">Lyttos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polyrrhenia" title="Polyrrhenia">Polyrrhenia</a> challenged the primacy of ancient Knossos. </p><p>While the cities continued to prey upon one another, they invited into their feuds mainland powers like <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedon</a> and its rivals <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic Egypt">Ptolemaic Egypt</a>. In 220 BC the island was tormented by a <a href="/wiki/Lyttian_War" title="Lyttian War">war between two opposing coalitions of cities</a>. As a result, the Macedonian king <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Macedon" title="Philip V of Macedon">Philip V</a> gained <a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">hegemony</a> over Crete which lasted to the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_War_(205%E2%80%93200_BC)" title="Cretan War (205–200 BC)">Cretan War (205–200 BC)</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodians</a> opposed the rise of Macedon and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Romans</a> started to interfere in Cretan affairs. </p><p>In the 2nd century BC Ierapytna (<a href="/wiki/Ierapetra" title="Ierapetra">Ierapetra</a>) gained supremacy on eastern Crete. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_rule">Roman rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Roman rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crete_and_Cyrenaica" title="Crete and Cyrenaica">Crete and Cyrenaica</a></div> <p>Crete was involved in the <a href="/wiki/Mithridatic_Wars" title="Mithridatic Wars">Mithridatic Wars</a>, initially repelling an attack by Roman general <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Antonius_Creticus" title="Marcus Antonius Creticus">Marcus Antonius Creticus</a> in 71 BC. Nevertheless, a ferocious three-year campaign soon followed under <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Caecilius_Metellus_Creticus_(died_55_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus (died 55 BC)">Quintus Caecilius Metellus</a>, equipped with three legions. Crete was conquered by Rome in 69 BC, earning for Metellus the title "<i>Creticus</i>". <a href="/wiki/Gortyn" title="Gortyn">Gortyn</a> was made capital of the island, and Crete became a Roman province, along with <a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a> that was called <a href="/wiki/Creta_et_Cyrenaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Creta et Cyrenaica">Creta et Cyrenaica</a>. Archaeological remains suggest that Crete under Roman rule witnessed prosperity and increased connectivity with other parts of the Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2nd century AD, at least three cities in Crete (Lyttos, Gortyn, Hierapytna) joined the <a href="/wiki/Panhellenion" title="Panhellenion">Panhellenion</a>, a league of Greek cities founded by the emperor <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a>. When <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> redivided the Empire, Crete was placed, along with Cyrene, under the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Moesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Moesia">diocese of Moesia</a>, and later by <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine I</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Macedonia" title="Diocese of Macedonia">diocese of Macedonia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_Empire_–_first_period"><span id="Byzantine_Empire_.E2.80.93_first_period"></span>Byzantine Empire – first period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire – first period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">Byzantine Crete</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crete_MoniArkadiou1_tango7174.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Crete_MoniArkadiou1_tango7174.jpg/250px-Crete_MoniArkadiou1_tango7174.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Crete_MoniArkadiou1_tango7174.jpg/375px-Crete_MoniArkadiou1_tango7174.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Crete_MoniArkadiou1_tango7174.jpg/500px-Crete_MoniArkadiou1_tango7174.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arkadi_Monastery" title="Arkadi Monastery">Arkadi Monastery</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Crete was separated from Cyrenaica <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 297</span>. It remained a province within the eastern half of the Roman Empire, usually referred to as the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire after the establishment of a second capital in Constantinople by Constantine in 330. Crete was subjected to an attack by <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a> in 467, the great earthquakes of <a href="/wiki/365_Crete_earthquake" title="365 Crete earthquake">365</a> and 415, a raid by <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a> in 623, Arab raids in 654 and the 670s, and again in the 8th century. In <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 732</span>, the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Leo_III_the_Isaurian" title="Leo III the Isaurian">Leo III the Isaurian</a> transferred the island from the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> to that of the <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarchate of Constantinople">Patriarchate of Constantinople</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoryKazhdan1991546_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoryKazhdan1991546-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab_rule">Arab rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Arab rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete" title="Emirate of Crete">Emirate of Crete</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Cretan_Saracens_defeat_the_Byzantines_under_Damianos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/The_Cretan_Saracens_defeat_the_Byzantines_under_Damianos.jpg/250px-The_Cretan_Saracens_defeat_the_Byzantines_under_Damianos.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/The_Cretan_Saracens_defeat_the_Byzantines_under_Damianos.jpg/375px-The_Cretan_Saracens_defeat_the_Byzantines_under_Damianos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/The_Cretan_Saracens_defeat_the_Byzantines_under_Damianos.jpg/500px-The_Cretan_Saracens_defeat_the_Byzantines_under_Damianos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1448" data-file-height="721" /></a><figcaption>The Byzantines, under the general Damian, attacked Crete but were defeated by the Saracens, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 828</span>, as depicted by <a href="/wiki/John_Skylitzes" title="John Skylitzes">Ioannes Scylitzes</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Skylitzes_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Skylitzes Chronicle">Skylitzes Chronicle</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 820s, after 900 years as a Roman island, Crete was captured by Andalusian <a href="/wiki/Muwallad" class="mw-redirect" title="Muwallad">Muwallads</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_(pirate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Hafs (pirate)">Abu Hafs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Iberia_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iberia-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who established the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete" title="Emirate of Crete">Emirate of Crete</a>. The Byzantines launched a campaign that took most of the island back in 842 and 843 under <a href="/wiki/Theoktistos" title="Theoktistos">Theoktistos</a>. Further Byzantine campaigns in 911 and 949 failed. In 960–61, <a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikephoros II">Nikephoros Phokas</a>' <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chandax" title="Siege of Chandax">campaign</a> restored Crete to the Byzantine Empire, after a century and a half of Arab control. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_Empire_–_second_period"><span id="Byzantine_Empire_.E2.80.93_second_period"></span>Byzantine Empire – second period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire – second period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">Byzantine Crete</a></div> <p>In 961, <a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_II_Phokas" title="Nikephoros II Phokas">Nikephoros Phokas</a> returned the island to Byzantine rule after expelling the Arabs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanagiotakis1987XVI_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanagiotakis1987XVI-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extensive efforts at conversion of the populace were undertaken, led by <a href="/wiki/John_Xenos" title="John Xenos">John Xenos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nikon_the_Metanoeite" title="Nikon the Metanoeite">Nikon "the Metanoeite"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoryKazhdan1991545–546_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoryKazhdan1991545–546-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETreadgold1997495_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETreadgold1997495-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reconquest of Crete was a major achievement for the Byzantines, as it restored Byzantine control over the Aegean littoral and diminished the threat of <a href="/wiki/Saracen" title="Saracen">Saracen</a> pirates, for which Crete had provided a base of operations. </p><p>In 1204, the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a> seized and sacked the imperial capital of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. Crete was initially granted to leading Crusader <a href="/wiki/Boniface_of_Montferrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Boniface of Montferrat">Boniface of Montferrat</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanagiotakis1987XVI_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanagiotakis1987XVI-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the partition of spoils that followed. However, Boniface sold his claim to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanagiotakis1987XVI_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanagiotakis1987XVI-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose forces made up the majority of the Crusade. Venice's rival the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a> immediately seized the island and it was not until 1212 that Venice secured Crete as a colony. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venetian_rule">Venetian rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Venetian rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Candia" title="Kingdom of Candia">Kingdom of Candia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:I_Creta_-_Buondelmonti_Cristoforo_-_1420.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/I_Creta_-_Buondelmonti_Cristoforo_-_1420.jpg/250px-I_Creta_-_Buondelmonti_Cristoforo_-_1420.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/I_Creta_-_Buondelmonti_Cristoforo_-_1420.jpg/375px-I_Creta_-_Buondelmonti_Cristoforo_-_1420.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/I_Creta_-_Buondelmonti_Cristoforo_-_1420.jpg/500px-I_Creta_-_Buondelmonti_Cristoforo_-_1420.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="788" /></a><figcaption>Fifteenth century map by <a href="/wiki/Cristoforo_Buondelmonti" title="Cristoforo Buondelmonti">Buondelmonti</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1212, during <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a>'s rule, which lasted more than four centuries, a <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> swept through the island as is evident from the artistic works dating to that period. Known as <a href="/wiki/The_Cretan_School" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cretan School">The Cretan School</a> or <a href="/wiki/Post-Byzantine_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Byzantine Art">Post-Byzantine Art</a>, it is among the last flowerings of the artistic traditions of the fallen empire. This included the painter <a href="/wiki/El_Greco" title="El Greco">El Greco</a> and the writers <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Kalliakis" title="Nicholas Kalliakis">Nicholas Kalliakis</a> (1645–1707), <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Kalafatis_(professor)" title="Georgios Kalafatis (professor)">Georgios Kalafatis (professor)</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1652</span>–1720), <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Musalus" title="Andreas Musalus">Andreas Musalus</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1665</span>–1721) and <a href="/wiki/Vitsentzos_Kornaros" title="Vitsentzos Kornaros">Vitsentzos Kornaros</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boehm,_Eric_H._1995_755_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boehm,_Eric_H._1995_755-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Accademia_nazionale_dei_Lincei_1977_429_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Accademia_nazionale_dei_Lincei_1977_429-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frangokastello_R03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Frangokastello_R03.jpg/250px-Frangokastello_R03.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Frangokastello_R03.jpg/375px-Frangokastello_R03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Frangokastello_R03.jpg/500px-Frangokastello_R03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3776" data-file-height="2292" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frangokastello" title="Frangokastello">Frangokastello</a> was built by the Venetians in 1371–74.</figcaption></figure> <p>Under the rule of the Catholic <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetians</a>, the city of <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Candia</a> was reputed to be the best fortified city of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Greene_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greene-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three main forts were located at <a href="/wiki/Gramvousa" title="Gramvousa">Gramvousa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga">Spinalonga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fortezza_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortezza Castle">Fortezza</a> at Rethymnon. Other fortifications include the <a href="/wiki/Kazarma_fortress" title="Kazarma fortress">Kazarma fortress</a> at Sitia and <a href="/wiki/Frangokastello" title="Frangokastello">Frangokastello</a> in Sfakia. </p><p>In 1492, Jews expelled from Spain settled on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1574–77, Crete was under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Foscarini" title="Giacomo Foscarini">Giacomo Foscarini</a> as Proveditor General, Sindace and <a href="/wiki/Inquisitor" title="Inquisitor">Inquisitor</a>. According to Starr's 1942 article, the rule of Giacomo Foscarini was a Dark Age for Jews and Greeks. Under his rule, non-Catholics had to pay high taxes with no allowances. In 1627, there were 800 Jews in the city of Candia, about seven percent of the city's population.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marco_Foscarini" title="Marco Foscarini">Marco Foscarini</a> was the Doge of Venice during this time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_rule">Ottoman rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Ottoman rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Crete" title="Ottoman Crete">Ottoman Crete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Turks">Cretan Turks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1866%E2%80%931869)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Revolt (1866–1869)">Cretan Revolt (1866–1869)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vue_du_siege_de_Candie_en_1669.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Vue_du_siege_de_Candie_en_1669.jpg/250px-Vue_du_siege_de_Candie_en_1669.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Vue_du_siege_de_Candie_en_1669.jpg/375px-Vue_du_siege_de_Candie_en_1669.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Vue_du_siege_de_Candie_en_1669.jpg/500px-Vue_du_siege_de_Candie_en_1669.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1153" data-file-height="582" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Candia" title="Siege of Candia">Siege of Candia</a>, regarded as one of the longest sieges in history, lasted from 1648 to 1669.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-3-37-68-Crete.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/A-3-37-68-Crete.jpg/250px-A-3-37-68-Crete.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/A-3-37-68-Crete.jpg/375px-A-3-37-68-Crete.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/A-3-37-68-Crete.jpg/500px-A-3-37-68-Crete.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2217" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sanson" title="Nicolas Sanson">Nicolas Sanson</a>. Crete in 1651</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crete_-_ethnic_map,_1861.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Crete_-_ethnic_map%2C_1861.jpg/250px-Crete_-_ethnic_map%2C_1861.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Crete_-_ethnic_map%2C_1861.jpg/375px-Crete_-_ethnic_map%2C_1861.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Crete_-_ethnic_map%2C_1861.jpg/500px-Crete_-_ethnic_map%2C_1861.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic makeup of the island in 1861 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4b8ab2; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox">Greek Orthodox</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b43a3e; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Muslim">Cretan Muslim</a>/<a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a></div></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosqu%C3%A9e_Kara_Musa_Pasha.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mosqu%C3%A9e_Kara_Musa_Pasha.JPG/250px-Mosqu%C3%A9e_Kara_Musa_Pasha.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mosqu%C3%A9e_Kara_Musa_Pasha.JPG/375px-Mosqu%C3%A9e_Kara_Musa_Pasha.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mosqu%C3%A9e_Kara_Musa_Pasha.JPG/500px-Mosqu%C3%A9e_Kara_Musa_Pasha.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kara_Musa_Pasha" title="Kara Musa Pasha">Kara Musa Pasha</a> mosque, <a href="/wiki/Rethymno" title="Rethymno">Rethymno</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Ottomans <a href="/wiki/Cretan_War_(1645%E2%80%931669)" title="Cretan War (1645–1669)">conquered Crete</a> (Girit Eyâleti) in 1669, after the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Candia" title="Siege of Candia">siege of Candia</a> with the last Venetian strongholds off Crete falling in the last <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1714%E2%80%931718)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718)">Ottoman–Venetian War</a> in 1715. Many Greek Cretans fled to other regions of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman–Venetian Wars">Ottoman–Venetian Wars</a>, some even prospering such as the family of <a href="/wiki/Simone_Stratigo" title="Simone Stratigo">Simone Stratigo</a> (c. 1733 – c. 1824) who migrated to <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> from Crete in 1669.<sup id="cite_ref-Carlo_Capra,_Franco_Della_Peruta,_Fernando_Mazzocca_2002_pp.200_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlo_Capra,_Franco_Della_Peruta,_Fernando_Mazzocca_2002_pp.200-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> presence on the island, aside from the interlude of the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete" title="Emirate of Crete">Arab occupation</a>, was cemented by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_wars_in_Europe" title="Ottoman wars in Europe">Ottoman conquest</a>. Most <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Muslims" title="Cretan Muslims">Cretan Muslims</a> were local Greek converts who spoke Cretan <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, but in the island's 19th-century political context they came to be viewed by the Christian population as Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary estimates vary, but on the eve of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> (1830), as much as 45% of the population of the island may have been Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> orders were widespread throughout the island, the <a href="/wiki/Bektashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi">Bektashi</a> order being the most prevalent, possessing at least five <a href="/wiki/Tekkes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tekkes">tekkes</a>. Many <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Turks">Cretan Turks</a> fled Crete because of the unrest, settling in Turkey, Rhodes, Syria, Libya and elsewhere. By 1900, 11% of the population was Muslim. Those remaining were relocated in the 1924 <a href="/wiki/Population_exchange_between_Greece_and_Turkey" title="Population exchange between Greece and Turkey">population exchange between Greece and Turkey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Easter of 1770, a revolt against Ottoman rule in Crete was started by <a href="/wiki/Daskalogiannis" title="Daskalogiannis">Daskalogiannis</a>, a shipowner from <a href="/wiki/Sfakia" title="Sfakia">Sfakia</a> who was promised support by <a href="/wiki/Orlov_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlov Revolt">Orlov's fleet</a> which never arrived. Daskalogiannis eventually surrendered to the Ottoman authorities. Today, the airport at Chania is named after him.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Greek_war_of_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek war of independence">Greek war of independence</a>, Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II" title="Mahmud II">Mahmud II</a> granted rule over Crete to Egypt's ruler <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt" title="Muhammad Ali of Egypt">Muhammad Ali Pasha</a> in exchange for his military support. Crete was subsequently left out of the new Greek state established under the <a href="/wiki/London_Protocol_of_1830" class="mw-redirect" title="London Protocol of 1830">London Protocol of 1830</a>. Its administration by Muhammad Ali was confirmed in the <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_K%C3%BCtahya" title="Convention of Kütahya">Convention of Kütahya</a> of 1833, but direct Ottoman rule was re-established by the <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_London_(1840)" title="Convention of London (1840)">Convention of London</a> of 3 July 1840.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Heraklion was surrounded by high walls and bastions and extended westward and southward by the 17th century. The most opulent area of the city was the northeastern quadrant where the elite were gathered. The city had received another name under the rule of the Ottomans, "the deserted city".<sup id="cite_ref-Greene_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greene-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The urban policy that the Ottoman applied to Candia was a two-pronged approach.<sup id="cite_ref-Greene_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greene-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first was the religious endowments. It made the Ottoman elite contribute to building and rehabilitating the ruined city. The other method was to boost the population and the urban revenue by selling off urban properties. According to Molly Greene (2001) there were numerous records of <a href="/wiki/Real-estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Real-estate">real-estate</a> transactions during the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> rule. In the deserted city, minorities received equal rights in purchasing property. Christians and Jews were also able to buy and sell in the real-estate market. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1866%E2%80%9369)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Revolt (1866–69)">Cretan Revolt of 1866–1869</a> or Great Cretan Revolution (Greek: <span lang="el">Κρητική Επανάσταση του 1866</span>) was a three-year uprising against Ottoman rule, the third and largest in a series of revolts between the end of the Greek War of Independence in 1830 and the establishment of the independent Cretan State in 1898. A particular event which caused strong reactions among the liberal circles of western Europe was the <i>Holocaust of Arkadi</i>. The event occurred in November 1866, as a large Ottoman force besieged the <a href="/wiki/Arkadi_Monastery" title="Arkadi Monastery">Arkadi Monastery</a>, which served as the headquarters of the rebellion. In addition to its 259 defenders, over 700 women and children had taken refuge in the monastery. After a few days of hard fighting, the Ottomans broke into the monastery. At that point, the abbot of the monastery set fire to the gunpowder stored in the monastery's vaults, causing the death of most of the rebels and the women and children sheltered there.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cretan_State_1898–1908"><span id="Cretan_State_1898.E2.80.931908"></span>Cretan State 1898–1908</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Cretan State 1898–1908"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cretan_State" title="Cretan State">Cretan State</a>; <a href="/wiki/Theriso_revolt" title="Theriso revolt">Theriso revolt</a>; <a href="/wiki/Candia_massacre" title="Candia massacre">Candia massacre</a>; and <a href="/wiki/International_Squadron_(Cretan_intervention,_1897%E2%80%931898)" title="International Squadron (Cretan intervention, 1897–1898)">International Squadron (Cretan intervention, 1897–1898)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Revolutionnaires_therissos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Revolutionnaires_therissos.jpg/250px-Revolutionnaires_therissos.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Revolutionnaires_therissos.jpg/375px-Revolutionnaires_therissos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Revolutionnaires_therissos.jpg/500px-Revolutionnaires_therissos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Revolutionaries at <a href="/wiki/Theriso" title="Theriso">Theriso</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Following the repeated uprisings in 1841, 1858, 1889, 1895 and 1897 by the Cretan people, who wanted to join Greece, the <a href="/wiki/Great_powers#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Great powers">Great Powers</a> decided to restore order and in February 1897 sent in troops. The island was subsequently garrisoned by troops from Great Britain, France, Italy and Russia; Germany and Austro-Hungary withdrawing from the occupation in early 1898. During this period Crete was governed through a committee of admirals from the remaining four Powers. In March 1898 the Powers decreed, with the reluctant consent of the Sultan, that the island would be granted autonomy under Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> in the near future.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1898 the <a href="/wiki/Candia_massacre" title="Candia massacre">Candia massacre</a> in Candia, modern Heraklion, left over 500 Cretan Christians and 14 British servicemen dead at the hands of Muslim irregulars. As a result, the Admirals ordered the expulsion of all Ottoman troops and administrators from the island, a move that was ultimately completed by early November. The decision to grant autonomy to the island was enforced and a High Commissioner, <a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince George of Greece">Prince George of Greece</a>, appointed, arriving to take up his post in December 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-Holland_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holland-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag of the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_State" title="Cretan State">Cretan State</a> was chosen by the Powers, with the white star representing the Ottoman suzerainty over the island. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cretan_State.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Cretan_State.svg/250px-Flag_of_Cretan_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Cretan_State.svg/375px-Flag_of_Cretan_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Cretan_State.svg/500px-Flag_of_Cretan_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Flag of Cretan State</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1905, disagreements between Prince George and minister Eleftherios Venizelos over the question of the <i><a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">enosis</a></i> (union with Greece), such as the Prince's autocratic style of government, resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Theriso_revolt" title="Theriso revolt">Theriso revolt</a>, one of the leaders being <a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Eleftherios Venizelos</a>. </p><p>Prince George resigned as High Commissioner and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Zaimis" title="Alexandros Zaimis">Alexandros Zaimis</a>, a former Greek prime minister, in 1906. In 1908, taking advantage of domestic turmoil in Turkey as well as the timing of Zaimis's vacation away from the island, the Cretan deputies unilaterally declared union with Greece. </p><p>With the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a>, the Greek government declared that Crete was now Greek territory. This was not recognised internationally until 1 December 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-Holland_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holland-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-0864,_Kreta,_Landung_von_Fallschirmj%C3%A4gern.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-0864%2C_Kreta%2C_Landung_von_Fallschirmj%C3%A4gern.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-0864%2C_Kreta%2C_Landung_von_Fallschirmj%C3%A4gern.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-0864%2C_Kreta%2C_Landung_von_Fallschirmj%C3%A4gern.jpg/375px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-0864%2C_Kreta%2C_Landung_von_Fallschirmj%C3%A4gern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-0864%2C_Kreta%2C_Landung_von_Fallschirmj%C3%A4gern.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-0864%2C_Kreta%2C_Landung_von_Fallschirmj%C3%A4gern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>German paratroopers landing on Crete during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kandanos_Mahnmal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kandanos_Mahnmal.jpg/250px-Kandanos_Mahnmal.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kandanos_Mahnmal.jpg/375px-Kandanos_Mahnmal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kandanos_Mahnmal.jpg/500px-Kandanos_Mahnmal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1863" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>War memorial in <a href="/wiki/Kandanos" title="Kandanos">Kandanos</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cretan_resistance" title="Cretan resistance">Cretan resistance</a></div> <p>During World War II, the island was the scene of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a> in May 1941. The initial 11-day battle was bloody and left more than 11,000 soldiers and civilians killed or wounded. As a result of the fierce resistance from both Allied forces and civilian Cretan locals, the invasion force suffered heavy casualties, and <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> forbade further large-scale <a href="/wiki/Paratroop" class="mw-redirect" title="Paratroop">paratroop</a> operations for the rest of the war. </p><p>During the initial and subsequent occupation, German firing squads routinely executed male civilians in reprisal for the death of German soldiers; civilians were rounded up randomly in local villages for the mass killings, such as at the <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Kondomari" title="Massacre of Kondomari">Massacre of Kondomari</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Viannos_massacres" title="Viannos massacres">Viannos massacres</a>. Two German generals were later tried and executed for their roles in the killing of 3,000 of the island's inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the collapse of fronts elsewhere in Europe, German forces evacuated most of Crete in October 1944 leaving an area including Chania under occupation. The following year the day after <a href="/wiki/VE_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="VE Day">VE Day</a> the remaining Germans under Generalmajor <a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_Benthack" title="Hans-Georg Benthack">Hans-Georg Benthack</a> surrendered at <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a> to British Major-General <a href="/wiki/Colin_Callander" title="Colin Callander">Colin Callander</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_War">Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Dekemvriana" title="Dekemvriana">Dekemvriana</a> in Athens, Cretan leftists were targeted by the right-wing paramilitary organization National Organization of Rethymno (EOR), which engaged in attacks in the villages of Koxare and Melampes, as well as Rethymno in January 1945. Those attacks did not escalate into a full-scale insurgency as they did in the Greek mainland and the Cretan <a href="/wiki/ELAS" title="ELAS">ELAS</a> did not surrender its weapons after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Varkiza" title="Treaty of Varkiza">Treaty of Varkiza</a>. An uneasy truce was maintained until 1947, with a series of arrests of notable communists in Chania and Heraklion. Encouraged by orders from the central organization in Athens, KKE launched an insurgency in Crete; marking the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a> on the island. In eastern Crete the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Army_of_Greece" title="Democratic Army of Greece">Democratic Army of Greece</a> (DSE) struggled to establish its presence in <a href="/wiki/Dikti" title="Dikti">Dikti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psilorites" class="mw-redirect" title="Psilorites">Psilorites</a>. On 1 July 1947, the surviving 55 fighters of DSE were ambushed south of Psilorites, the few surviving members of the unit managed to join the rest of DSE in <a href="/wiki/Lefka_Ori" title="Lefka Ori">Lefka Ori</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargaritis2006441–447_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaritis2006441–447-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lefka_Ori" title="Lefka Ori">Lefka Ori</a> region in the west offered more favourable conditions for DSE's insurgency. In the summer of 1947 DSE raided and looted the <a href="/wiki/Maleme_Airport" title="Maleme Airport">Maleme Airport</a> and motor depot at Chrysopigi. Its numbers swelled to approximately 300 fighters. The rise of DSE numbers compounded with crop failure on the island created serious logistical issues for the insurgents. The communists resorted to <a href="/wiki/Cattle_raiding" title="Cattle raiding">cattle rustling</a> and crop confiscations which solved the problem only temporarily. In the autumn of 1947, the Greek government offered generous amnesty terms to Cretan DSE fighters and mountain bandits, many of whom opted to abandon armed struggle or defect to the nationalists. On 4 July 1948, government troops launched a large scale offensive on <a href="/wiki/Samari%C3%A1_Gorge" class="mw-redirect" title="Samariá Gorge">Samariá Gorge</a>. Many DSE soldiers were killed in the fighting while the survivors broke into small armed bands. In October 1948, the secretary of the Cretan KKE Giorgos Tsitilos was killed in an ambush. By the following month only 34 DSE fighters remained active in Lefka Ori. The insurgency in Crete gradually withered away, with the last two hold outs surrendering in 1974, 25 years after the conclusion of the war in mainland Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargaritis2006447–452_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaritis2006447–452-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Greece" title="Tourism in Greece">Tourism in Greece</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kreta-Matala07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Kreta-Matala07.jpg/250px-Kreta-Matala07.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Kreta-Matala07.jpg/375px-Kreta-Matala07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Kreta-Matala07.jpg/500px-Kreta-Matala07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3704" data-file-height="2740" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Matala,_Crete" title="Matala, Crete">Matala</a> beach</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Web_aquilahotels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Web_aquilahotels.jpg/250px-Web_aquilahotels.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Web_aquilahotels.jpg/375px-Web_aquilahotels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Web_aquilahotels.jpg/500px-Web_aquilahotels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Resort in <a href="/wiki/Rethymno" title="Rethymno">Rethymno</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Crete is one of the most popular holiday destinations in Greece. 15% of all arrivals in Greece come through the city of Heraklion (port and airport), while charter journeys to Heraklion make up about <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://greece4u.com.gr/destination/crete/">20% of all charter flights in Greece</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729001912/https://greece4u.com.gr/destination/crete/">Archived</a> 29 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The number of hotel beds on the island increased by 53% in the period between 1986 and 1991. </p><p>Today, the island's tourism infrastructure includes a wide range of accommodation; including large luxury hotels with their complete facilities, swimming pools, sports and recreation, smaller family-owned apartments, camping facilities and others. Visitors reach the island via two international airports in Heraklion and <a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a> and a smaller airport in <a href="/wiki/Sitia" title="Sitia">Sitia</a> (international charter and domestic flights started in May 2012)<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or by boat to the main ports of Heraklion, Chania, <a href="/wiki/Rethimno" class="mw-redirect" title="Rethimno">Rethimno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agios_Nikolaos,_Crete" title="Agios Nikolaos, Crete">Agios Nikolaos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sitia" title="Sitia">Sitia</a>. </p><p>Popular tourist attractions include the archaeological sites of the Minoan civilisation, the Venetian old city and port of <a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a>, the Venetian castle at <a href="/wiki/Rethymno" title="Rethymno">Rethymno</a>, the gorge of <a href="/wiki/Samari%C3%A1_Gorge" class="mw-redirect" title="Samariá Gorge">Samaria</a>, the islands of <a href="/wiki/Chrysi_(island)" title="Chrysi (island)">Chrysi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elafonisi" title="Elafonisi">Elafonisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gramvousa" title="Gramvousa">Gramvousa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga">Spinalonga</a> and the Palm Beach of <a href="/wiki/Vai_(Crete)" title="Vai (Crete)">Vai</a>, which is the largest natural palm forest in Europe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crete has an extensive bus system with regular services across the north of the island and from north to south. There are two regional bus stations in Heraklion. Bus routes and timetables can be found on KTEL website.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holiday_homes_and_immigration">Holiday homes and immigration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Holiday homes and immigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crete's mild climate attracts interest from <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">northern Europeans</a> who want a holiday home or residence on the island. <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> citizens have the right to freely buy property and reside with little formality.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the cities of Heraklion and Chania, the average price per square metre of apartments ranges from €1,670 to €1,700.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A growing number of real estate companies cater mainly to British immigrants, followed by <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> and other European nationalities wishing to own a home in Crete. The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> immigrants are concentrated in the western regional units of <a href="/wiki/Chania_(regional_unit)" title="Chania (regional unit)">Chania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rethymno_(regional_unit)" title="Rethymno (regional unit)">Rethymno</a> and to a lesser extent in <a href="/wiki/Heraklion_(regional_unit)" title="Heraklion (regional unit)">Heraklion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lasithi" title="Lasithi">Lasithi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.gr_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.gr-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaeological_sites_and_museums">Archaeological sites and museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Archaeological sites and museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Greece#Crete" title="List of museums in Greece">List of museums in Greece § Crete</a></div> <p>The area has a large number of archaeological sites, including the Minoan sites of <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malia_(archaeological_site)" title="Malia (archaeological site)">Malia</a> (not to be confused with the town of the same name), Zakros, <a href="/wiki/Petras" title="Petras">Petras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phaistos" title="Phaistos">Phaistos</a>, the classical site of <a href="/wiki/Gortys" class="mw-redirect" title="Gortys">Gortys</a>, and the diverse archaeology of the island of <a href="/wiki/Koufonisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Koufonisi">Koufonisi</a>, which includes Minoan, Roman, and World War II era ruins (nb. due to conservation concerns, access to Koufonisi has been restricted for the last few years). </p><p>There are museums throughout Crete. The <a href="/wiki/Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum" title="Heraklion Archaeological Museum">Heraklion Archaeological Museum</a> displays most of the archaeological finds from the Minoan era and was reopened in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harmful_effects">Harmful effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Harmful effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Helen Briassoulis, in a qualitative analysis, proposed in the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Sustainable_Tourism" title="Journal of Sustainable Tourism">Journal of Sustainable Tourism</a></i> that Crete is affected by tourism applying pressure to it to develop at an unhealthy rate, and that informal, internal systems within the country are forced to adapt. According to her, these forces have strengthened in three stages: from the period from 1960 to 1970, 1970–1990, and 1990 to the present. During this first period, tourism was a largely positive force, pushing modern developments like running water and electricity onto the largely rural countryside. However, beginning in the second period and especially in the third period leading up to the present day, tourist companies became more pushy with deforestation and pollution of Crete's natural resources. The country is then pulled into an interesting parity, where these companies only upkeep those natural resources that are directly essential to their industry.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gortys_R02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Gortyn"><img alt="View of Gortyn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Gortys_R02.jpg/247px-Gortys_R02.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Gortys_R02.jpg/371px-Gortys_R02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Gortys_R02.jpg/495px-Gortys_R02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3712" data-file-height="2703" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of <a href="/wiki/Gortyn" title="Gortyn">Gortyn</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Festos1(js).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Archaeological site of Phaistos"><img alt="Archaeological site of Phaistos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Festos1%28js%29.jpg/270px-Festos1%28js%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Festos1%28js%29.jpg/405px-Festos1%28js%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Festos1%28js%29.jpg/540px-Festos1%28js%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Archaeological site of <a href="/wiki/Phaistos" title="Phaistos">Phaistos</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knossos_south_propylaeum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruins of the Palace of Knossos"><img alt="Ruins of the Palace of Knossos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Knossos_south_propylaeum.jpg/271px-Knossos_south_propylaeum.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Knossos_south_propylaeum.jpg/406px-Knossos_south_propylaeum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Knossos_south_propylaeum.jpg/541px-Knossos_south_propylaeum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Palace of Knossos</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Archaeological_Museum_of_Chania.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Archaeological Museum of Chania"><img alt="Archaeological Museum of Chania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Archaeological_Museum_of_Chania.jpg/250px-Archaeological_Museum_of_Chania.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Archaeological_Museum_of_Chania.jpg/375px-Archaeological_Museum_of_Chania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Archaeological_Museum_of_Chania.jpg/500px-Archaeological_Museum_of_Chania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2487" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Chania" title="Archaeological Museum of Chania">Archaeological Museum of Chania</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AMC_Intern_of_Museum_of_Chania_(Crete)_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Archaeological Museum of Chania"><img alt="Archaeological Museum of Chania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/AMC_Intern_of_Museum_of_Chania_%28Crete%29_2.jpg/120px-AMC_Intern_of_Museum_of_Chania_%28Crete%29_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/AMC_Intern_of_Museum_of_Chania_%28Crete%29_2.jpg/181px-AMC_Intern_of_Museum_of_Chania_%28Crete%29_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/AMC_Intern_of_Museum_of_Chania_%28Crete%29_2.jpg/241px-AMC_Intern_of_Museum_of_Chania_%28Crete%29_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Archaeological Museum of Chania</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 104.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 102.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chania_naval_museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maritime Museum of Crete"><img alt="Maritime Museum of Crete" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Chania_naval_museum.jpg/154px-Chania_naval_museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Chania_naval_museum.jpg/231px-Chania_naval_museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Chania_naval_museum.jpg/308px-Chania_naval_museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1912" data-file-height="2232" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Museum_of_Crete" title="Maritime Museum of Crete">Maritime Museum of Crete</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 148.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 146.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_Serapis_and_Persephone_Isis_Heraklion_museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pluto and Persephone in Heraklion Museum"><img alt="Pluto and Persephone in Heraklion Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pluto_Serapis_and_Persephone_Isis_Heraklion_museum.jpg/220px-Pluto_Serapis_and_Persephone_Isis_Heraklion_museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pluto_Serapis_and_Persephone_Isis_Heraklion_museum.jpg/330px-Pluto_Serapis_and_Persephone_Isis_Heraklion_museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pluto_Serapis_and_Persephone_Isis_Heraklion_museum.jpg/440px-Pluto_Serapis_and_Persephone_Isis_Heraklion_museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3736" data-file-height="3056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)" title="Pluto (mythology)">Pluto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a> in <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a> Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jars_in_Malia_Crete_the_two.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jars in Malia, Crete"><img alt="Jars in Malia, Crete" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Jars_in_Malia_Crete_the_two.jpg/120px-Jars_in_Malia_Crete_the_two.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Jars_in_Malia_Crete_the_two.jpg/180px-Jars_in_Malia_Crete_the_two.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Jars_in_Malia_Crete_the_two.jpg/240px-Jars_in_Malia_Crete_the_two.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="7360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jars in <a href="/wiki/Malia,_Crete" title="Malia, Crete">Malia</a>, Crete</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fauna_and_flora">Fauna and flora</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Fauna and flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crete_Mediterranean_forests" title="Crete Mediterranean forests">Crete Mediterranean forests</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crete is isolated from mainland Europe, Asia, and Africa, and this is reflected in the diversity of the fauna and flora. As a result, the fauna and flora of Crete have many clues to the evolution of species. There are no animals that are dangerous to humans on the island of Crete in contrast to other parts of Greece. Indeed, the ancient Greeks attributed the lack of large mammals such as bears, wolves, jackals, and venomous snakes, to the labour of <a href="/wiki/Hercules" title="Hercules">Hercules</a> (who took a live Cretan bull to the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a>). Hercules wanted to honor the birthplace of Zeus by removing all "harmful" and "venomous" animals from Crete. Later, Cretans believed that the island was cleared of dangerous creatures by the <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Paul">Apostle Paul</a>, who lived on the island of Crete for two years, with his exorcisms and blessings. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum_of_Crete" title="Natural History Museum of Crete">Natural History Museum of Crete</a>, operates under the direction of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Crete" title="University of Crete">University of Crete</a> and two aquariums – <a href="/wiki/Aquaworld_Aquarium" title="Aquaworld Aquarium">Aquaworld</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hersonissos" title="Hersonissos">Hersonissos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cretaquarium" title="Cretaquarium">Cretaquarium</a> in Gournes, display sea creatures common in Cretan waters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prehistoric_fauna">Prehistoric fauna</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Prehistoric fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_elephant" title="Dwarf elephant">Dwarf elephants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus_creutzburgi" title="Hippopotamus creutzburgi">dwarf hippopotamus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_mammoths" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwarf mammoths">dwarf mammoths</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candiacervus" title="Candiacervus">dwarf deer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cretan_owl" title="Cretan owl">giant flightless owls</a> were native to <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> Crete.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their ancestors could have reached the island in the time of the <a href="/wiki/Messinian_salinity_crisis" title="Messinian salinity crisis">Messinian salinity crisis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mammals">Mammals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Mammals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mammals_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals of Greece">Mammals of Greece</a></div> <p>Mammals of Crete include the vulnerable <a href="/wiki/Kri-kri" title="Kri-kri">kri-kri</a>, <i>Capra aegagrus cretica</i> that can be seen in the national park of the <a href="/wiki/Samaria_Gorge" title="Samaria Gorge">Samaria Gorge</a> and on <a href="/wiki/Thodorou" class="mw-redirect" title="Thodorou">Thodorou</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dia_(island)" title="Dia (island)">Dia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agioi_Pantes" title="Agioi Pantes">Agioi Pantes</a> (islets off the north coast), the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_wildcat" title="Cretan wildcat">Cretan wildcat</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_spiny_mouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan spiny mouse">Cretan spiny mouse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tho_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tho-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other terrestrial mammals include subspecies of the Cretan marten, the Cretan weasel, the Cretan badger, the Cretan wildcat,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Long-eared_hedgehog" title="Long-eared hedgehog">long-eared hedgehog</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Edible_dormouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Edible dormouse">edible dormouse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cretan_shrew" title="Cretan shrew">Cretan shrew</a>, a type of <a href="/wiki/White-toothed_shrew" title="White-toothed shrew">white-toothed shrew</a> is considered <a href="/wiki/Endemic_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic species">endemic</a> to the island of Crete because this species of shrew is unknown elsewhere. It is a <a href="/wiki/Relic_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Relic species">relic species</a> of the <i>Crocidura</i> shrews of which <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossils</a> have been found that can be dated to the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> era. Today it can only be found in the highlands of Crete.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is considered to be the only surviving remnant of the endemic species of the Pleistocene Mediterranean islands.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bat species include: <a href="/wiki/Blasius%27s_horseshoe_bat" title="Blasius's horseshoe bat">Blasius's horseshoe bat</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_horseshoe_bat" title="Lesser horseshoe bat">lesser horseshoe bat</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Greater_horseshoe_bat" title="Greater horseshoe bat">greater horseshoe bat</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_mouse-eared_bat" title="Lesser mouse-eared bat">lesser mouse-eared bat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffroy%27s_bat" title="Geoffroy's bat">Geoffroy's bat</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Whiskered_bat" title="Whiskered bat">whiskered bat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuhl%27s_pipistrelle" title="Kuhl's pipistrelle">Kuhl's pipistrelle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Common_pipistrelle" title="Common pipistrelle">common pipistrelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savi%27s_pipistrelle" title="Savi's pipistrelle">Savi's pipistrelle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Serotine_bat" title="Serotine bat">serotine bat</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Long-eared_bat" class="mw-redirect" title="Long-eared bat">long-eared bat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schreibers%27_bat" class="mw-redirect" title="Schreibers' bat">Schreibers' bat</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_free-tailed_bat" title="European free-tailed bat">European free-tailed bat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-icw_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icw-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kri-kri_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Kri-kri (the Cretan ibex) lives in protected natural parks at the gorge of Samaria and the island of Agios Theodoros."><img alt="The Kri-kri (the Cretan ibex) lives in protected natural parks at the gorge of Samaria and the island of Agios Theodoros." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kri-kri_1.jpg/270px-Kri-kri_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kri-kri_1.jpg/405px-Kri-kri_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kri-kri_1.jpg/540px-Kri-kri_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Kri-kri" title="Kri-kri">Kri-kri</a> (the Cretan ibex) lives in protected natural parks at the gorge of Samaria and the island of Agios Theodoros.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_Cretan_ibex.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Male Cretan ibex"><img alt="Male Cretan ibex" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Male_Cretan_ibex.jpg/240px-Male_Cretan_ibex.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Male_Cretan_ibex.jpg/360px-Male_Cretan_ibex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Male_Cretan_ibex.jpg/480px-Male_Cretan_ibex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Male Cretan ibex</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kritikos_Lagonikos_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cretan Hound or Kritikos Lagonikos, one of Europe's oldest hunting dog breeds"><img alt="Cretan Hound or Kritikos Lagonikos, one of Europe's oldest hunting dog breeds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Kritikos_Lagonikos_02.jpg/260px-Kritikos_Lagonikos_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Kritikos_Lagonikos_02.jpg/390px-Kritikos_Lagonikos_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Kritikos_Lagonikos_02.jpg/520px-Kritikos_Lagonikos_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="654" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Hound" title="Cretan Hound">Cretan Hound</a></i> or Kritikos Lagonikos, one of Europe's oldest hunting dog breeds</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Birds">Birds</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Birds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Varieties of birds include eagles (can be seen in <a href="/wiki/Lasithi" title="Lasithi">Lasithi</a>), swallows (throughout Crete in the summer and year-round in the south of the island), <a href="/wiki/Pelican" title="Pelican">pelicans</a> (along the coast), and <a href="/wiki/Common_crane" title="Common crane">common cranes</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Gavdos" title="Gavdos">Gavdos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gavdopoula" title="Gavdopoula">Gavdopoula</a>). The Cretan mountains and gorges are refuges for the endangered <a href="/wiki/Lammergeier" class="mw-redirect" title="Lammergeier">lammergeier</a> vulture. Bird species include: the <a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">golden eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonelli%27s_eagle" title="Bonelli's eagle">Bonelli's eagle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bearded_vulture" title="Bearded vulture">bearded vulture</a> or lammergeier, the <a href="/wiki/Griffon_vulture" class="mw-redirect" title="Griffon vulture">griffon vulture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eleonora%27s_falcon" title="Eleonora's falcon">Eleonora's falcon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">peregrine falcon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanner_falcon" title="Lanner falcon">lanner falcon</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_kestrel" class="mw-redirect" title="European kestrel">European kestrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tawny_owl" title="Tawny owl">tawny owl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_owl" title="Little owl">little owl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hooded_crow" title="Hooded crow">hooded crow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpine_chough" title="Alpine chough">alpine chough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red-billed_chough" title="Red-billed chough">red-billed chough</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_hoopoe" title="Eurasian hoopoe">Eurasian hoopoe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population of griffon vultures in Crete is the largest insular one of the species in the world and consists of the majority of the griffon vulture population in Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reptiles_and_amphibians">Reptiles and amphibians</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Reptiles and amphibians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tortoises can be seen throughout the island. Snakes can be found hiding under rocks. Toads and frogs reveal themselves when it rains. </p><p>Reptiles include the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_wall_lizard" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegean wall lizard">Aegean wall lizard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balkan_green_lizard" title="Balkan green lizard">Balkan green lizard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_chameleon" title="Common chameleon">common chameleon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalcides_ocellatus" title="Chalcides ocellatus">ocellated skink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snake-eyed_skink" class="mw-redirect" title="Snake-eyed skink">snake-eyed skink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moorish_gecko" class="mw-redirect" title="Moorish gecko">moorish gecko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_gecko" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish gecko">Turkish gecko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kotschy%27s_gecko" title="Kotschy's gecko">Kotschy's gecko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spur-thighed_tortoise" class="mw-redirect" title="Spur-thighed tortoise">spur-thighed tortoise</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_turtle" title="Caspian turtle">Caspian turtle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-icw_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icw-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-natrep_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natrep-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are four species of snake on the island and these are not dangerous to humans. The four species include the <a href="/wiki/Leopard_snake" class="mw-redirect" title="Leopard snake">leopard snake</a> (locally known as Ochendra), the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_whip_snake" title="Balkan whip snake">Balkan whip snake</a> (locally called Dendrogallia), the <a href="/wiki/Dice_snake" title="Dice snake">dice snake</a> (called Nerofido in Greek), and the only venomous snake is the nocturnal <a href="/wiki/European_cat_snake" title="European cat snake">cat snake</a> which has evolved to deliver a weak venom at the back of its mouth to paralyse geckos and small lizards, and is not dangerous to humans.<sup id="cite_ref-icw_97-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icw-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-snakes_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snakes-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sea turtles include the <a href="/wiki/Green_turtle" class="mw-redirect" title="Green turtle">green turtle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Loggerhead_turtle" class="mw-redirect" title="Loggerhead turtle">loggerhead turtle</a> which are both threatened species.<sup id="cite_ref-natrep_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natrep-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The loggerhead turtle nests and hatches on north-coast beaches around Rethymno and Chania, and south-coast beaches along the gulf of Mesara.<sup id="cite_ref-turtle_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turtle-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amphibians include the <a href="/wiki/European_green_toad" title="European green toad">European green toad</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_bullfrog" title="American bullfrog">American bullfrog</a> (introduced), <a href="/wiki/European_tree_frog" title="European tree frog">European tree frog</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_marsh_frog" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan marsh frog">Cretan marsh frog</a> (<a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-icw_97-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icw-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-natrep_101-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natrep-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arthropods">Arthropods</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Arthropods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cicada" title="Cicada">Cicadas</a>, known locally as <i>Tzitzikia</i>, make a distinctive repetitive <i>tzi tzi</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cicadasong.eu">sound</a> that becomes louder and more frequent on hot summer days. Butterfly species include the <a href="/wiki/Swallowtail_butterfly" title="Swallowtail butterfly">swallowtail butterfly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-icw_97-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icw-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moth species include the <a href="/wiki/Hummingbird_moth" class="mw-redirect" title="Hummingbird moth">hummingbird moth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are several species of scorpion such as <a href="/wiki/Euscorpius" title="Euscorpius">Euscorpius</a> carpathicus whose venom is generally no more potent than a mosquito bite. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Crustaceans_and_molluscs">Crustaceans and molluscs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Crustaceans and molluscs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>River crabs include the semi-terrestrial <i><a href="/wiki/Potamon_potamios" title="Potamon potamios">Potamon potamios</a></i> crab.<sup id="cite_ref-icw_97-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icw-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edible snails are widespread and can cluster in the hundreds waiting for rainfall to reinvigorate them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sealife">Sealife</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Sealife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loggerhead_sea_turtle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Loggerhead_sea_turtle.jpg/250px-Loggerhead_sea_turtle.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Loggerhead_sea_turtle.jpg/375px-Loggerhead_sea_turtle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Loggerhead_sea_turtle.jpg/500px-Loggerhead_sea_turtle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Loggerhead_sea_turtle" title="Loggerhead sea turtle">loggerhead sea turtle</a> nests and hatches along the beaches of <a href="/wiki/Rethymno" title="Rethymno">Rethymno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a> and the gulf of Messara.</figcaption></figure> <p>Apart from terrestrial mammals, the seas around Crete are rich in large marine mammals. The endangered <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_monk_seal" title="Mediterranean monk seal">Mediterranean monk seal</a> lives in almost all the coasts of the country. The area south of Crete, known as the Greek Abyss, hosts <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">sperm whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">dolphins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porpoise" title="Porpoise">porpoises</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Minoan frescoes depicting dolphins in Queen's Megaron at Knossos indicate that Minoans were well aware of and celebrated these creatures. <a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">Squid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Octopus" title="Octopus">octopus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_turtle" title="Sea turtle">sea turtles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hammerhead_shark" title="Hammerhead shark">hammerhead sharks</a> live or traverse along the coast. </p><p>Some of the fish of the waters around Crete include: <a href="/wiki/Scorpion_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Scorpion fish">scorpion fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dusky_grouper" class="mw-redirect" title="Dusky grouper">dusky grouper</a>, east Atlantic peacock <a href="/wiki/Wrasse" title="Wrasse">wrasse</a>, five-spotted wrasse, <a href="/wiki/Weever_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Weever fish">weever fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_stingray" title="Common stingray">common stingray</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_ray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brown ray (page does not exist)">brown ray</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_black_goby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mediterranean black goby (page does not exist)">mediterranean black goby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pearly_razorfish" title="Pearly razorfish">pearly razorfish</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Star-gazer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Star-gazer (page does not exist)">star-gazer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Painted_comber" title="Painted comber">painted comber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damselfish" title="Damselfish">damselfish</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Flying_gurnard" title="Flying gurnard">flying gurnard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cretaquarium" title="Cretaquarium">Cretaquarium</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aquaworld_Aquarium" title="Aquaworld Aquarium">Aquaworld Aquarium</a>, are two of the three aquariums in the Greece. They are located in <a href="/wiki/Gournes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gournes">Gournes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hersonissos" title="Hersonissos">Hersonissos</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-scot_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scot-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Minoans contributed to the deforestation of Crete. Further deforestation occurred in the 1600s "so that no more local supplies of firewood were available".<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Common wildflowers include: camomile, daisy, gladiolus, hyacinth, <a href="/wiki/Iris_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Iris flower">iris</a>, poppy, cyclamen and tulip, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-Fielding_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fielding-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are more than 200 different species of wild <a href="/wiki/Orchid" title="Orchid">orchid</a> on the island and this includes 14 varieties of <i><a href="/wiki/Ophrys_cretica" class="mw-redirect" title="Ophrys cretica">Ophrys cretica</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-flora_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flora-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crete has a rich variety of indigenous herbs including common <a href="/wiki/Salvia_officinalis" title="Salvia officinalis">sage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">rosemary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">thyme</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">oregano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-flora_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flora-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-expcrete_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-expcrete-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rare herbs include the endemic <a href="/wiki/Origanum_dictamus" class="mw-redirect" title="Origanum dictamus">Cretan dittany</a><sup id="cite_ref-flora_112-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flora-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-expcrete_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-expcrete-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ironwort" class="mw-redirect" title="Ironwort">ironwort</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sideritis_syriaca" title="Sideritis syriaca">Sideritis syriaca</a></i>, known as <a href="/wiki/Malotira" class="mw-redirect" title="Malotira">Malotira</a> (Μαλοτήρα). Varieties of cactus include the edible <a href="/wiki/Opuntia" title="Opuntia">prickly pear</a>. Common trees on the island include the <a href="/wiki/Castanea_sativa" class="mw-redirect" title="Castanea sativa">chestnut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cupressus_sempervirens" title="Cupressus sempervirens">cypress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oak_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak tree">oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olea_europaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Olea europaea">olive tree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinus_brutia" title="Pinus brutia">pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Platanus_orientalis" title="Platanus orientalis">plane</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tamarisk_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamarisk tree">tamarisk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-expcrete_113-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-expcrete-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trees tend to be taller to the west of the island where water is more abundant. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_endemic_plants_of_Crete" title="List of endemic plants of Crete">List of endemic plants of Crete</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:044_Dracunculus_vulgaris_at_Akrotiri_peninsula,_Crete,_Greece.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Snake lily (Dracunculus vulgaris)"><img alt="Snake lily (Dracunculus vulgaris)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/044_Dracunculus_vulgaris_at_Akrotiri_peninsula%2C_Crete%2C_Greece.jpg/133px-044_Dracunculus_vulgaris_at_Akrotiri_peninsula%2C_Crete%2C_Greece.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/044_Dracunculus_vulgaris_at_Akrotiri_peninsula%2C_Crete%2C_Greece.jpg/200px-044_Dracunculus_vulgaris_at_Akrotiri_peninsula%2C_Crete%2C_Greece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/044_Dracunculus_vulgaris_at_Akrotiri_peninsula%2C_Crete%2C_Greece.jpg/266px-044_Dracunculus_vulgaris_at_Akrotiri_peninsula%2C_Crete%2C_Greece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2005" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Snake lily (<i><a href="/wiki/Dracunculus_vulgaris" title="Dracunculus vulgaris">Dracunculus vulgaris</a></i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ophrys_cretica-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Ophrys cretica orchid."><img alt="The Ophrys cretica orchid." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ophrys_cretica-001.jpg/200px-Ophrys_cretica-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ophrys_cretica-001.jpg/300px-Ophrys_cretica-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ophrys_cretica-001.jpg/400px-Ophrys_cretica-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3177" data-file-height="2118" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <i><a href="/wiki/Ophrys_cretica" class="mw-redirect" title="Ophrys cretica">Ophrys cretica</a></i> orchid.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmentally_protected_areas">Environmentally protected areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Environmentally protected areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Environmentally protected areas include the island of <a href="/wiki/Elafonisi" title="Elafonisi">Elafonisi</a> on the coast of southwestern Crete, the palm forest of <a href="/wiki/Vai_(Crete)" title="Vai (Crete)">Vai</a> in eastern Crete and the <a href="/wiki/Dionysades" title="Dionysades">Dionysades</a> (both in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Sitia" title="Sitia">Sitia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lasithi" title="Lasithi">Lasithi</a>). <a href="/wiki/Vai_(Crete)" title="Vai (Crete)">Vai</a> has a palm beach and is the largest natural palm forest in Europe. The island of <a href="/wiki/Chrysi_(island)" title="Chrysi (island)">Chrysi</a>, 15 kilometres (9 miles) south of <a href="/wiki/Ierapetra" title="Ierapetra">Ierapetra</a>, has the largest naturally-grown <i><a href="/wiki/Juniperus_macrocarpa" title="Juniperus macrocarpa">Juniperus macrocarpa</a></i> forest in Europe. <a href="/wiki/Samaria_Gorge" title="Samaria Gorge">Samaria Gorge</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Man_and_the_Biosphere_Programme" title="Man and the Biosphere Programme">World Biosphere Reserve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richtis_Gorge" title="Richtis Gorge">Richtis Gorge</a> is protected for its landscape diversity. Also, Sitia UNESCO Global Geopark, added in 2015 in UNESCO Geoparks, is located on the easternmost edge of Crete. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeushoehle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Zeushoehle.jpg/250px-Zeushoehle.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Zeushoehle.jpg/375px-Zeushoehle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Zeushoehle.jpg/500px-Zeushoehle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Psychro_Cave" title="Psychro Cave">Diktaean Cave</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Crete has a strong association with ancient <a href="/wiki/Greek_gods" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek gods">Greek gods</a> but is also connected with the <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan civilization</a>. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Psychro_Cave" title="Psychro Cave">Diktaean Cave</a> at Mount <a href="/wiki/Dikti" title="Dikti">Dikti</a> was the birthplace of the god <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Paximadia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paximadia">Paximadia</a> islands were the birthplace of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a> and the god <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>. Their mother, the goddess <a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a>, was worshipped at <a href="/wiki/Phaistos" title="Phaistos">Phaistos</a>. The goddess <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> bathed in Lake Voulismeni. Zeus launched a lightning bolt at a giant lizard that was threatening Crete. The lizard immediately turned to stone and became the lizard-shaped island of <a href="/wiki/Dia_(island)" title="Dia (island)">Dia</a>, which can be seen from Knossos. The islets of <a href="/wiki/Souda_(island)" title="Souda (island)">Lefkai</a> were the result of a musical contest between the <a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">Sirens</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a>. The Muses were so anguished to have lost that they plucked the feathers from the wings of their rivals; the Sirens turned white and fell into the sea at <a href="/wiki/Aptera,_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Aptera, Greece">Aptera</a> ("featherless"), where they formed the islands in the bay that were called Lefkai (the islands of <a href="/wiki/Souda_(island)" title="Souda (island)">Souda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leon_(Souda_Bay)" title="Leon (Souda Bay)">Leon</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a>, in one of his labors, took the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_bull" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan bull">Cretan bull</a> to the Peloponnese. <a href="/wiki/Europa_(consort_of_Zeus)" title="Europa (consort of Zeus)">Europa</a> and Zeus made love at <a href="/wiki/Gortys" class="mw-redirect" title="Gortys">Gortys</a> and conceived the kings of Crete: <a href="/wiki/Rhadamanthys" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhadamanthys">Rhadamanthys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarpedon_(brother_of_Minos)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarpedon (brother of Minos)">Sarpedon</a>, and Minos. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Labyrinth" title="Labyrinth">labyrinth</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Knossos" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of Knossos">Palace of Knossos</a> was the setting for the myth of <a href="/wiki/Theseus#Minotaur" title="Theseus">Theseus and the Minotaur</a> in which the Minotaur was slain by Theseus. <a href="/wiki/Icarus" title="Icarus">Icarus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daedalus" title="Daedalus">Daedalus</a> were captives of King Minos and crafted wings to escape. After his death, King Minos became a judge of the dead in <a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Rhadamanthys" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhadamanthys">Rhadamanthys</a> became the ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Elysium" title="Elysium">Elysian fields</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Culture of Greece</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cretan_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan School">Cretan School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cretan_literature" title="Cretan literature">Cretan literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Crete" title="Music of Crete">Music of Crete</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cretan_cuisine" title="Cretan cuisine">Cretan cuisine</a></div> <p>Crete has its own distinctive <a href="/wiki/Mantinada" title="Mantinada">Mantinades</a> poetry. The island is known for its Mantinades-based <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Crete" title="Music of Crete">music</a> (typically performed with the <a href="/wiki/Lyra_(Cretan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyra (Cretan)">Cretan lyra</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Laouto" title="Laouto">laouto</a>) and has many indigenous dances, the most noted of which is the <a href="/wiki/Pentozali" title="Pentozali">Pentozali</a>. Since the 1980s and certainly in the 1990s onwards there has been a proliferation of Cultural Associations that teach dancing (in Western Crete where many focus on rizitiko singing). These Associations often perform in official events but also become stages for people to meet and engage in traditionalist practices. The topic of tradition and the role of Cultural Associations in reviving it is often debated throughout Crete.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cretan authors have made important contributions to <a href="/wiki/Greek_literature" title="Greek literature">Greek literature</a> throughout the modern period; major names include <a href="/wiki/Vikentios_Kornaros" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikentios Kornaros">Vikentios Kornaros</a>, creator of the 17th-century epic romance <i><a href="/wiki/Erotokritos" title="Erotokritos">Erotokritos</a></i> (Greek Ερωτόκριτος), and, in the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Kazantzakis" title="Nikos Kazantzakis">Nikos Kazantzakis</a>. In the Renaissance, Crete was the home of the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan School">Cretan School</a> of icon painting, which influenced <a href="/wiki/El_Greco" title="El Greco">El Greco</a> and through him subsequent European painting.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cretans are proud of their island and customs, and men often don elements of traditional dress in everyday life: knee-high black riding boots (<i>stivania</i>), <a href="/wiki/Breeches#Types_of_breeches" title="Breeches"><i>vráka</i> breeches</a> tucked into the boots at the knee, black shirt and black headdress consisting of a fishnet-weave kerchief worn wrapped around the head or draped on the shoulders (<i>mantili</i> / <i>kefalomantilo</i>). Men often grow large mustaches as a mark of pride, manhood and valiance. </p><p>Cretan society is known in Greece and internationally for family and clan <a href="/wiki/Feud" title="Feud">vendettas</a> which persist on the island to date.<sup id="cite_ref-feud_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feud-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cretans also have a tradition of keeping firearms at home, stemming from the era of resistance against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. Nearly every rural household on Crete has at least one unregistered gun.<sup id="cite_ref-feud_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feud-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guns are subject to strict regulation from the Greek government, and in recent years an effort to control firearms in Crete has been undertaken by the Greek police, but with limited success. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sfakia-dance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dancers from Sfakia"><img alt="Dancers from Sfakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sfakia-dance.jpg/200px-Sfakia-dance.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Sfakia-dance.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="197" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dancers from <a href="/wiki/Sfakia" title="Sfakia">Sfakia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Koukouvagia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dakos, traditional Cretan appetizer. Paximadi (hard bread) topped with fresh tomato, feta cheese, oregano, and olives drizzled with olive oil."><img alt="Dakos, traditional Cretan appetizer. Paximadi (hard bread) topped with fresh tomato, feta cheese, oregano, and olives drizzled with olive oil." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Koukouvagia.jpg/200px-Koukouvagia.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Koukouvagia.jpg/300px-Koukouvagia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Koukouvagia.jpg/400px-Koukouvagia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="906" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dakos" title="Dakos">Dakos</a>, traditional Cretan appetizer. Paximadi (hard bread) topped with fresh tomato, <a href="/wiki/Feta" title="Feta">feta</a> cheese, <a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">oregano</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Olives" class="mw-redirect" title="Olives">olives</a> drizzled with olive oil.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crete has many football clubs playing in the local leagues. During the 2011–12 season, <a href="/wiki/OFI_Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="OFI Crete">OFI Crete</a>, which plays at <a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Vardinogiannis_Stadium" title="Theodoros Vardinogiannis Stadium">Theodoros Vardinogiannis Stadium</a> (Iraklion), and <a href="/wiki/Ergotelis_F.C." title="Ergotelis F.C.">Ergotelis F.C.</a>, which plays at the <a href="/wiki/Pankritio_Stadium" title="Pankritio Stadium">Pankritio Stadium</a> (Iraklion) were both members of the <a href="/wiki/Superleague_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Superleague Greece">Greek Superleague</a>. During the 2012–13 season, OFI Crete, which plays at <a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Vardinogiannis_Stadium" title="Theodoros Vardinogiannis Stadium">Theodoros Vardinogiannis Stadium</a> (Iraklion), and <a href="/wiki/Platanias_F.C." title="Platanias F.C.">Platanias F.C.</a>, which plays at the Perivolia Municipal Stadium, near Chania, are both members of the <a href="/wiki/Superleague_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Superleague Greece">Greek Superleague</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Crete" title="Category:People from Crete">Category:People from Crete</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Greco_-_Portrait_of_a_Man_-_WGA10554.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/El_Greco_-_Portrait_of_a_Man_-_WGA10554.jpg/250px-El_Greco_-_Portrait_of_a_Man_-_WGA10554.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/El_Greco_-_Portrait_of_a_Man_-_WGA10554.jpg/375px-El_Greco_-_Portrait_of_a_Man_-_WGA10554.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/El_Greco_-_Portrait_of_a_Man_-_WGA10554.jpg/500px-El_Greco_-_Portrait_of_a_Man_-_WGA10554.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3312" data-file-height="3668" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/El_Greco" title="El Greco">Domenikos Theotokopoulos (El Greco)</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venizelos--lifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Venizelos--lifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft.png/250px-Venizelos--lifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Venizelos--lifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft.png/375px-Venizelos--lifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Venizelos--lifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft.png 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Eleftherios Venizelos</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20070427_Psarantonis_All_Tomorrow_s_Parties_festival_Butlins_Minehead_UK.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/20070427_Psarantonis_All_Tomorrow_s_Parties_festival_Butlins_Minehead_UK.png/250px-20070427_Psarantonis_All_Tomorrow_s_Parties_festival_Butlins_Minehead_UK.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="417" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/20070427_Psarantonis_All_Tomorrow_s_Parties_festival_Butlins_Minehead_UK.png/375px-20070427_Psarantonis_All_Tomorrow_s_Parties_festival_Butlins_Minehead_UK.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/20070427_Psarantonis_All_Tomorrow_s_Parties_festival_Butlins_Minehead_UK.png/500px-20070427_Psarantonis_All_Tomorrow_s_Parties_festival_Butlins_Minehead_UK.png 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Psarantonis" title="Psarantonis">Psarantonis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Notable people from Crete include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitsentzos_Kornaros" title="Vitsentzos Kornaros">Vitsentzos Kornaros</a>, Renaissance author from Sitia, who lived in Heraklion (then Candia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenikos_Theotokopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Domenikos Theotokopoulos">Domenikos Theotokopoulos</a> (El Greco), Renaissance artist, born in <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Xilouris" title="Nikos Xilouris">Nikos Xilouris</a>, famous composer and singer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psarantonis" title="Psarantonis">Psarantonis</a>, Cretan folk singer and <a href="/wiki/Cretan_lyra" title="Cretan lyra">Cretan lyra</a> player and brother of <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Xilouris" title="Nikos Xilouris">Nikos Xilouris</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Kazantzakis" title="Nikos Kazantzakis">Nikos Kazantzakis</a>, author, born in Heraklion, 7 times suggested for the Nobel Prize</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Odysseas Elytis</a>, poet, awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> in 1979, born in <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Eleftherios Venizelos</a>, former Greek Prime Minister, born in <a href="/wiki/Chania_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Chania Prefecture">Chania Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Mitsotakis" title="Konstantinos Mitsotakis">Konstantinos Mitsotakis</a>, nephew of <a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Eleftherios Venizelos</a> and father to <a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Kyriakos Mitsotakis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daskalogiannis" title="Daskalogiannis">Daskalogiannis</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Orlov_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlov Revolt">Orlov Revolt</a> in Crete in 1770</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Aniston" title="John Aniston">John Aniston</a> (Giannis Anastasakis), Greek-American actor, father of <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston" title="Jennifer Aniston">Jennifer Aniston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zach_Galifianakis" title="Zach Galifianakis">Zach Galifianakis</a> paternal grandparents, Mike Galifianakis and Sophia Kastrinakis, were from Crete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Chortatzis" title="Georgios Chortatzis">Georgios Chortatzis</a>, Renaissance author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Mouskouri" title="Nana Mouskouri">Nana Mouskouri</a>, singer, born in Chania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michalis_Kourmoulis" title="Michalis Kourmoulis">Michalis Kourmoulis</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> from <a href="/wiki/Messara_Plain" title="Messara Plain">Messara</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleni_Daniilidou" title="Eleni Daniilidou">Eleni Daniilidou</a>, tennis player, born in Chania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Tikas" title="Louis Tikas">Louis Tikas</a>, Greek-American labor union leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tess_Fragoulis" title="Tess Fragoulis">Tess Fragoulis</a>, Greek-Canadian writer, born in Heraklion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Dandolos" title="Nick Dandolos">Nick Dandolos</a>, a.k.a. Nick the Greek, professional gambler and high roller</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sifakis" title="Joseph Sifakis">Joseph Sifakis</a>, a computer scientist, laureate of the 2007 <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a>, born in <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a> in 1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantinos_Daskalakis" title="Constantinos Daskalakis">Constantinos Daskalakis</a>, Associate Professor at MIT's Electrical Engineering and Computer Science department</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Karniadakis" title="George Karniadakis">George Karniadakis</a>, Professor of Applied Mathematics at Brown University; and Research Scientist at MIT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psychoundakis" title="George Psychoundakis">George Psychoundakis</a>, a shepherd, a war hero and an author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Kalaitzakis" title="Georgios Kalaitzakis">Georgos Kalaitzakis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> professional basketball player for the <a href="/wiki/Tigers_T%C3%BCbingen" title="Tigers Tübingen">Tigers Tübingen</a> of the German <a href="/wiki/Basketball_Bundesliga" title="Basketball Bundesliga">Basketball Bundesliga</a> is from <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a>, Crete</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Greek" title="Cretan Greek">Cretan Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_lyra" title="Cretan lyra">Cretan lyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_wine" title="Cretan wine">Cretan wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_novels_set_in_Crete" title="List of novels set in Crete">List of novels set in Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Crete" title="List of rulers of Crete">List of rulers of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantinada" title="Mantinada">Mantinades</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/CensusHub2/intermediate.do">"CensusHub2"</a>. <i>ec.europa.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=CensusHub2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2FCensusHub2%2Fintermediate.do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021census-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2021census_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elstat-outsourcers.statistics.gr/Census2022_GR.pdf">"Census 2021 GR"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Statistical_Authority" title="Hellenic Statistical Authority">Hellenic Statistical Authority</a>. 19 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220719155252/https://elstat-outsourcers.statistics.gr/Census2022_GR.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+2021+GR&rft.pub=Hellenic+Statistical+Authority&rft.date=2022-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felstat-outsourcers.statistics.gr%2FCensus2022_GR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+%E2%80%93+Area+Database+%E2%80%93+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdi.globaldatalab.org%2Fareadata%2Fshdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tgs00096/default/table?lang=en">"Population on 1 January by NUTS 2 region"</a>. <i>Statistics Eurostat</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121060511/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tgs00096/default/table?lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Eurostat&rft.atitle=Population+on+1+January+by+NUTS+2+region&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Ftgs00096%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ancient_Crete-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ancient_Crete_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxfordbibliographiesonline.com/display/id/obo-9780195389661-0071">Ancient Crete</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200530225110/http://oxfordbibliographiesonline.com/display/id/obo-9780195389661-0071">Archived</a> 30 May 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Oxford Bibliographies Online: Classics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephanie Lynn Budin, <i>The Ancient Greeks: An Introduction</i> (New York: Oxford UP, 2004), 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O. Dickinson, <i>The Aegean Bronze Age</i> (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 1994), 241–244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Found on the <a href="/wiki/Pylos" title="Pylos">PY</a> An 128 tablet.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Found on the <a href="/wiki/PY_Ta_641" title="PY Ta 641">PY Ta 641</a> and PY Ta 709 tablets.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palaeolexicon.com/ShowWord.aspx?Id=16779">"The Linear B word <i>ke-re-si-ji</i>"</a>. <i>Palaeolexicon</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Palaeolexicon&rft.atitle=The+Linear+B+word+ke-re-si-ji&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palaeolexicon.com%2FShowWord.aspx%3FId%3D16779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=*krh/s"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Κρής</span></span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=krhsi/ai"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Κρήσιος s.v. κρησίαι</span></span></a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book 14, line 199; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek–English Lexicon</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edwin L. Brown, "Linear A on Trojan Spindlewhorls, Luvian-Based ϜΑΝΑΞ at Cnossus", in <i>Qui miscuit utile dulci: Festschrift Essays for Paul Lachlan MacKendrick</i>, eds. Gareth Schmeling & Jon D. Mikalson (Wauconda, Ill.: Bolchazy-Carducci, 1998), 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daynight.gr/kriti/krhth-etymologia-onomatos/">"Τι σημαίνει το όνομα "Κρήτη" τελικά και γιατί ονομάστηκε έτσι το νησί μας;"</a>. <i>Daynight.gr</i> (in Greek). 8 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210714201715/https://www.daynight.gr/kriti/krhth-etymologia-onomatos/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daynight.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%A4%CE%B9+%CF%83%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B9+%CF%84%CE%BF+%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1+%22%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%22+%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF+%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BA%CE%B5+%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9+%CF%84%CE%BF+%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AF+%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%82%3B&rft.date=2018-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.daynight.gr%2Fkriti%2Fkrhth-etymologia-onomatos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFΛελάκης2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Λελάκης, Γεώργιος (2008). <i>Αιγαίο-ετυμολογίες νήσων</i> (in Greek).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF-%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82+%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%83%CF%89%CE%BD&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82&rft.aufirst=%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalantzis2019" class="citation book cs1">Kalantzis, Konstantinos (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216181203/http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/product_info.php?products_id=809810"><i>Tradition in the Frame: Photography, Power, and Imagination in Sfakia, Crete</i></a>. Indiana University Press. pp. 23–58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-03713-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-03713-8"><bdi>978-0-253-03713-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/product_info.php?products_id=809810">the original</a> on 16 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tradition+in+the+Frame%3A+Photography%2C+Power%2C+and+Imagination+in+Sfakia%2C+Crete&rft.pages=23-58&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-253-03713-8&rft.aulast=Kalantzis&rft.aufirst=Konstantinos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iupress.indiana.edu%2Fproduct_info.php%3Fproducts_id%3D809810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150425235509/http://www.cretanbeaches.com/Gorges/Lassithi-gorges/kato-zakros-gorge-deads-gorge/">"Gorge of the Dead"</a>. Cretanbeaches.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cretanbeaches.com/Gorges/Lassithi-gorges/kato-zakros-gorge-deads-gorge/">the original</a> on 25 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gorge+of+the+Dead&rft.pub=Cretanbeaches.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cretanbeaches.com%2FGorges%2FLassithi-gorges%2Fkato-zakros-gorge-deads-gorge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120731062158/http://www.cretanbeaches.com/en/gorges-of-crete/gorges-in-lassithi-prefecture/641-richtis-gorge.html">"Richtis gorge"</a>. Cretanbeaches.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cretanbeaches.com/en/gorges-of-crete/gorges-in-lassithi-prefecture/641-richtis-gorge.html">the original</a> on 31 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richtis+gorge&rft.pub=Cretanbeaches.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cretanbeaches.com%2Fen%2Fgorges-of-crete%2Fgorges-in-lassithi-prefecture%2F641-richtis-gorge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://candia.wordpress.com/photos/photo-2010/richtis-gorge-april-2010/">"Richtis beach and gorge"</a>. Candia.wordpress.com. 20 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldreviewer.com/travel-guides/canyon/richtis-gorge-and-waterfall/61078/">the original</a> on 12 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richtis+gorge+and+waterfall&rft.pub=Worldreviewer.com&rft.date=2011-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldreviewer.com%2Ftravel-guides%2Fcanyon%2Frichtis-gorge-and-waterfall%2F61078%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crete.tournet.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1155&lang=en">Photos of Agia Lake</a> Crete TOURnet.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aghiosnikolaos.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=35">Lake Voulismeni</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720152021/http://www.aghiosnikolaos.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=35">Archived</a> 20 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> aghiosnikolaos.eu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/samaria/">"Latest Conditions in Xyloskalo, Chania, Crete Island"</a>. <i>penteli.meteo.gr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meteo.gr/article_view.cfm?entryID=2999">the original</a> on 5 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meteo.gr%3A+%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CF%8C+%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%81+%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD+%CE%BF%CE%B9+35+%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%AF+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7+%CF%84%CE%BF+%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF+04%2F11+-+%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BF+%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%AE%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AC+%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7+%CF%87%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeteo.gr%2Farticle_view.cfm%3FentryID%3D2999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-kairos.gr/records/resultsmax.php">"Greek weather records - Temperature and precipitation records in Greece"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greek+weather+records+-+Temperature+and+precipitation+records+in+Greece&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe-kairos.gr%2Frecords%2Fresultsmax.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meteo.gr/article_view.cfm?entryID=1591">"Meteo.gr: Τα δύο ακραία πρόσωπα του καιρού στην Ευρώπη το Σ/Κ 9-10 Ιανουαρίου 2021"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meteo.gr%3A+%CE%A4%CE%B1+%CE%B4%CF%8D%CE%BF+%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%80%CE%B7+%CF%84%CE%BF+%CE%A3%2F%CE%9A+9-10+%CE%99%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteo.gr%2Farticle_view.cfm%3FentryID%3D1591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100223061409/http://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/vrysses/NOAAYR.TXT">"32.1C February record Vryses NOA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Observatory_of_Athens" title="National Observatory of Athens">National Observatory of Athens</a>. Archived from the original on 23 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=32.1C+February+record+Vryses+NOA&rft.pub=National+Observatory+of+Athens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpenteli.meteo.gr%2Fstations%2Fvrysses%2FNOAAYR.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stratus.meteo.noa.gr/data/bulletins/deltio_noa022010.pdf">"NOA February 2010 climate bulletins"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Observatory_of_Athens" title="National Observatory of Athens">National Observatory of Athens</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NOA+February+2010+climate+bulletins&rft.pub=National+Observatory+of+Athens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstratus.meteo.noa.gr%2Fdata%2Fbulletins%2Fdeltio_noa022010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Climatic_Atlas_of_Greece-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Climatic_Atlas_of_Greece_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climatlas.hnms.gr/sdi/">"Climatic Atlas of Greece"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_National_Meteorological_Service" title="Hellenic National Meteorological Service">Hellenic National Meteorological Service</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climatic+Atlas+of+Greece&rft.pub=Hellenic+National+Meteorological+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimatlas.hnms.gr%2Fsdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hnms.gr/emy/en/climatology/climatology_city?perifereia=Crete&poli=Heraklion">"Climatic Data for selected stations in Greece: Heraklion (Crete)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climatic+Data+for+selected+stations+in+Greece%3A+Heraklion+%28Crete%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hnms.gr%2Femy%2Fen%2Fclimatology%2Fclimatology_city%3Fperifereia%3DCrete%26poli%3DHeraklion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climatlas.hnms.gr/sdi/?lang=EN">"Climate Atlas of Greece (for sunshine 1977-2002)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HNMS" class="mw-redirect" title="HNMS">HNMS</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Atlas+of+Greece+%28for+sunshine+1977-2002%29&rft.pub=HNMS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimatlas.hnms.gr%2Fsdi%2F%3Flang%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meteo-climat-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-meteo-climat_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/station-530-Heraklion.php">"STATION HERAKLION"</a>. meteo-climat<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foscar.wmo.int%2Fsurface%2F%23%2Fsearch%2Fstation%2FstationReportDetails%2F0-300-1-lentas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KVYFI9NzLz0C&pg=PA43">Crete, p.44</a>, by Victoria Kyriakopoulos.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011census-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2011census_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150908142240/http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/BUCKET/A1602/PressReleases/A1602_SAM01_DT_DC_00_2011_03_F_EN.pdf">"Demographic and social characteristics of the Resident Population of Greece according to the 2011 Population – Housing Census revision of 20/3/2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Statistical_Authority" title="Hellenic Statistical Authority">Hellenic Statistical Authority</a>. 12 September 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/BUCKET/A1602/PressReleases/A1602_SAM01_DT_DC_00_2011_03_F_EN.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Demographic+and+social+characteristics+of+the+Resident+Population+of+Greece+according+to+the+2011+Population+%E2%80%93+Housing+Census+revision+of+20%2F3%2F2014&rft.pub=Hellenic+Statistical+Authority&rft.date=2014-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gr%2Fportal%2Fpage%2Fportal%2FESYE%2FBUCKET%2FA1602%2FPressReleases%2FA1602_SAM01_DT_DC_00_2011_03_F_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/DEMO_R_D2JAN/default/table?lang=en">"Population on 1 January by age, sex and NUTS 2 region"</a>, <i>www.ec.europa.eu</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Population+on+1+January+by+age%2C+sex+and+NUTS+2+region&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2FDEMO_R_D2JAN%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Π.Δ. 51/87 "Καθορισμός των Περιφερειών της Χώρας για το σχεδιασμό κ.λ.π. της Περιφερειακής Ανάπτυξης" (<i>Determination of the Regions of the Country for the planning etc. of the development of the Region</i>, <a href="/wiki/Efimeris_tis_Kyverniseos" class="mw-redirect" title="Efimeris tis Kyverniseos">ΦΕΚ</a> A 26/06.03.1987</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">2011 Census</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230330170115/https://www.statistics.gr/el/2021-census-res-pop-results">"Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός - ELSTAT"</a>. <i>www.statistics.gr</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistics.gr/el/2021-census-res-pop-results">the original</a> on 30 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.statistics.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82+-+ELSTAT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gr%2Fel%2F2021-census-res-pop-results&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z3vxvYOZkj4C&pg=PR11">The rough guide to Crete, Introduction, p. ix</a> by J. Fisher and G. Garvey.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crete.org.uk">"Crete information"</a>. <i>Crete</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Crete&rft.atitle=Crete+information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crete.org.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58">"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018"</a>. <i>Eurostat</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=Regional+GDP+per+capita+ranged+from+30%25+to+263%25+of+the+EU+average+in+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdocuments%2F2995521%2F10474907%2F1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf%2F81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/projects/greece/new-road-in-crete-set-to-improve-journey-times-and-safety">"New road in Crete set to improve journey times and safety-Projects"</a>. <i>ec.europa.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=New+road+in+Crete+set+to+improve+journey+times+and+safety-Projects&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fregional_policy%2Fen%2Fprojects%2Fgreece%2Fnew-road-in-crete-set-to-improve-journey-times-and-safety&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.gr-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.gr_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.gr_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rackham, O. & Moody, J., 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k4dHmA9jq4wC">The Making of the Cretan Landscape</a>, Manchester University Press,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ΤΟΠΙΟ: Αγνωστα Βιομηχανικά Μνημεία Ι: υπολείμματα του βιομηχανικού σιδηροδρόμου Ηρακλείου <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://to-pio.blogspot.gr/2011/11/blog-post_17.html">http://to-pio.blogspot.gr/2011/11/blog-post_17.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2022" class="citation web cs1">Thomas, Stavros (20 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arencos.com/construction-activity-in-crete-key-trends-and-prospects-to-2022/">"Construction Activity in Crete - Key Trends And Prospects to 2022"</a>. <i>ARENCOS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ARENCOS&rft.atitle=Construction+Activity+in+Crete+-+Key+Trends+And+Prospects+to+2022&rft.date=2022-01-20&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Stavros&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farencos.com%2Fconstruction-activity-in-crete-key-trends-and-prospects-to-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ncp-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ncp_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.no-container-port-in-timbaki.net/facts_en.php">No Container Transshipment Hub in Timbaki</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070123131440/http://www.no-container-port-in-timbaki.net/facts_en.php">Archived</a> 23 January 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 27 May 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EA-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EA_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180216204614/http://www.euroasia-interconnector.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/EuroAsia_Interconnector_Project_and_Progress_English.pdf">"EuroAsia Interconnector Project and Progress"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euroasia-interconnector.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/EuroAsia_Interconnector_Project_and_Progress_English.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EuroAsia+Interconnector+Project+and+Progress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euroasia-interconnector.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F01%2FEuroAsia_Interconnector_Project_and_Progress_English.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EAF-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EAF_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euroafrica-interconnector.com/">"EuroAfrica Interconnector"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EuroAfrica+Interconnector&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euroafrica-interconnector.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRE-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CRE_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cretalive.gr/crete/hmerida-gia-thn-hlektrikh-diasyndesh-euroasia-interconnector-meso-ths-krhths">"Η ηλεκτρική διασύνδεση EuroAsia Interconnector θα εξασφαλίσει ενεργειακά την Κρήτη"</a>. <i>Cretalive</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cretalive&rft.atitle=%CE%97+%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7+EuroAsia+Interconnector+%CE%B8%CE%B1+%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9+%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AC+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cretalive.gr%2Fcrete%2Fhmerida-gia-thn-hlektrikh-diasyndesh-euroasia-interconnector-meso-ths-krhths&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay2018" class="citation cs2">Day, Jo (2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_1434-2">"Crete, Archaeology of"</a>, <i>Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology</i>, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–18, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-51726-1_1434-2">10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_1434-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-51726-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-51726-1"><bdi>978-3-319-51726-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Crete%2C+Archaeology+of&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Global+Archaeology&rft.place=Cham&rft.pages=1-18&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-51726-1_1434-2&rft.isbn=978-3-319-51726-1&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-51726-1_1434-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Michael Hogan. 2007 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/10854/knossos.html#fieldnotes">Knossos fieldnotes</a> The Modern Antiquarian</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShelmerdine" class="citation web cs1">Shelmerdine, Cynthia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003195005/http://www2.ulg.ac.be/archgrec/IMG/aegeum/aegaeum18%28pdf%29/34%20Shelmerdine.pdf">"Where Do We Go From Here? And How Can the Linear B Tablets Help Us Get There?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ulg.ac.be/archgrec/IMG/aegeum/aegaeum18(pdf)/34%20Shelmerdine.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+Do+We+Go+From+Here%3F+And+How+Can+the+Linear+B+Tablets+Help+Us+Get+There%3F&rft.aulast=Shelmerdine&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ulg.ac.be%2Farchgrec%2FIMG%2Faegeum%2Faegaeum18%28pdf%29%2F34%2520Shelmerdine.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJane_Francis_and_Anna_Kouremenos2016" class="citation book cs1">Jane Francis and Anna Kouremenos (2016). <i>Roman Crete: New Perspectives</i>. Oxford: Oxbow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1785700958" title="Special:BookSources/978-1785700958"><bdi>978-1785700958</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+Crete%3A+New+Perspectives&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxbow&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1785700958&rft.au=Jane+Francis+and+Anna+Kouremenos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoryKazhdan1991546-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoryKazhdan1991546_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGregoryKazhdan1991">Gregory & Kazhdan 1991</a>, p. 546.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iberia-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Iberia_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reinhart Dozy, <i>Histoire des Musulmans d'Espagne: jusqu'à la conquête de l'Andalousie par les Almoravides</i> (French) pg. 711–1110, Leiden, 1861 & 1881, 2nd edition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanagiotakis1987XVI-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanagiotakis1987XVI_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanagiotakis1987XVI_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanagiotakis1987XVI_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPanagiotakis1987">Panagiotakis 1987</a>, p. XVI.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoryKazhdan1991545–546-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoryKazhdan1991545–546_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGregoryKazhdan1991">Gregory & Kazhdan 1991</a>, pp. 545–546.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETreadgold1997495-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETreadgold1997495_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTreadgold1997">Treadgold 1997</a>, p. 495.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTiepolo,_Maria_FrancescaTonetti,_Eurigio2002" class="citation book cs1">Tiepolo, Maria Francesca; Tonetti, Eurigio (2002). <i>I greci a Venezia</i>. 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(1995). <i>Historical abstracts: Modern history abstracts, 1450–1914, Volume 46, Issues 3–4</i>. American Bibliographical Center of ABC-Clio. p. 755. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/701679973">701679973</a>. <q>Between the 15th and 19th centuries the University of Padua attracted a great number of Greek students who wanted to study medicine. They came not only from Venetian dominions (where the percentage reaches 97% of the students of Italian universities) but also from Turkish-occupied territories of Greece. Several professors of the School of Medicine and Philosophy were Greeks, including Giovanni Cottunio, Niccolò Calliachi, Giorgio Calafatti...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+abstracts%3A+Modern+history+abstracts%2C+1450%E2%80%931914%2C+Volume+46%2C+Issues+3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=755&rft.pub=American+Bibliographical+Center+of+ABC-Clio&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F701679973&rft.au=Boehm%2C+Eric+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Accademia_nazionale_dei_Lincei_1977_429-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Accademia_nazionale_dei_Lincei_1977_429_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Convegno internazionale nuove idee e nuova arte nell '700 italiano, Roma, 19–23 maggio 1975</i>. 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Greene. 2001. Ruling an island without a navy: A comparative view of Venetian and Ottoman Crete. <i>Oriente moderno</i>, 20(81), 193–207</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A.J. Schoenfeld. 2007. Immigration and Assimilation in the Jewish Community of Late Venetian Crete (15th–17th centuries). <i>Journal of Modern Greek Studies</i>, 25(1), 1–15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Starr, J. (1942), Jewish Life in Crete Under the Rule of Venice, <i>Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research</i>, Vol. 12, pp. 59–114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carlo_Capra,_Franco_Della_Peruta,_Fernando_Mazzocca_2002_pp.200-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Carlo_Capra,_Franco_Della_Peruta,_Fernando_Mazzocca_2002_pp.200_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlo_CapraFranco_Della_PerutaFernando_Mazzocca2002" class="citation book cs1">Carlo Capra; Franco Della Peruta; Fernando Mazzocca (2002). <i>Napoleone e la repubblica italiana: 1802–1805</i>. 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Tauris, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holland-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holland_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holland_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Holland and Diane Markides, <i>The British and the Hellenes: Struggles for Mastery in the Eastern Mediterranean 1850–1960</i>. p. 81. 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ΞΕΚΙΝΟΥΝ ΟΙ ΠΤΗΣΕΙΣ CHARTER ΣΤΟ ΑΕΡΟΔΡΟΜΙΟ ΣΗΤΕΙΑΣ. | Νέα - Ανακοινώσεις | Ενημέρωση | Δήμος Σητείας"</a>. <i>www.sitia.gr</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ARENCORES&rft.atitle=Buying+a+Property+in+Crete+as+a+Foreigner&rft.date=2020-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arencores.com%2Fbuying-property-in-crete-as-a-foreigner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.explorecrete.com/archaeology/antiquities-crete.html">Archaeological sites and Museums in Crete</a> ExploreCrete.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriassoulis2003" class="citation journal cs1">Briassoulis, Helen (1 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580308667198">"Crete: Endowed by Nature, Privileged by Geography, Threatened by Tourism?"</a>. <i>Journal of Sustainable Tourism</i>. <b>11</b> (2–3): 97–115. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JSusT..11...97B">2003JSusT..11...97B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09669580308667198">10.1080/09669580308667198</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0966-9582">0966-9582</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28002287">28002287</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sustainable+Tourism&rft.atitle=Crete%3A+Endowed+by+Nature%2C+Privileged+by+Geography%2C+Threatened+by+Tourism%3F&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2%E2%80%933&rft.pages=97-115&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09669580308667198&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A28002287%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0966-9582&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003JSusT..11...97B&rft.aulast=Briassoulis&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F09669580308667198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Van der Geer, A.A.E., Dermitzakis, M., De Vos, J., 2006. Crete before the Cretans: the reign of dwarfs. Pharos 13, 121–132. Athens: Netherlands Institute.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.uoa.gr/~geeraae/publications/2006-Pharos-Crete.pdf">PDF</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://singleparentsonholiday.co.uk/crete-10-fun-facts-and-interesting-insights/">"Crete: 10 Fun Facts and Interesting Insights"</a>. 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crete%3A+10+Fun+Facts+and+Interesting+Insights&rft.date=2019-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsingleparentsonholiday.co.uk%2Fcrete-10-fun-facts-and-interesting-insights%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFΑναρτήθηκε_από_admin" class="citation web cs1">Αναρτήθηκε από admin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://to-pio.blogspot.gr/2011/11/blog-post_22.html">"ΤΟΠΙΟ: Θοδωρού, η άγνωστη νησίδα του Βενετικού ναυτικού οχυρού, των κρι-κρι και η απαγόρευση προσέγγισης"</a>. To-pio.blogspot.gr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%A4%CE%9F%CE%A0%CE%99%CE%9F%3A+%CE%98%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%89%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%2C+%CE%B7+%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7+%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CE%BF%CF%87%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%2C+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B9-%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B9+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%B7+%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7+%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82&rft.pub=To-pio.blogspot.gr&rft.au=%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BA%CE%B5+%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C+admin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fto-pio.blogspot.gr%2F2011%2F11%2Fblog-post_22.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tho-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tho_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.explorecrete.com/crete-west/EN-Thodorou.html">Thodorou Islands off Platanias</a> ExploreCrete.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130120041646/http://www.cretanbeaches.com/en/fauna-of-crete/mammals-of-crete/624-cretan-ibex-capra-aegagrus-creticus.html">Cretan Ibex, by Alexandros Roniotis</a> CretanBeaches.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cretanbeaches.com/en/fauna-of-crete/mammals-of-crete/929-cretan-wildcat-felis-silvestris-cretensis.html">Cretan wildcat</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110211151554/http://www.cretanbeaches.com/en/fauna-of-crete/mammals-of-crete/929-cretan-wildcat-felis-silvestris-cretensis.html">Archived</a> 11 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> CretanBeaches.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120908021709/http://www.cretanbeaches.com/en/fauna-of-crete/mammals-of-crete/932-crete-spiny-mouse-acomys-minous.html">Cretan spiny mouse</a> CretanBeaches.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crete.org.uk/animals-fauna.html">"Fauna and Flora of Crete"</a>. 13 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fauna+and+Flora+of+Crete&rft.date=2023-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crete.org.uk%2Fanimals-fauna.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cretanbeaches.com/en/fauna-of-crete/mammals-of-crete.html">Terrestrial mammals of Crete</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110207014141/http://www.cretanbeaches.com/en/fauna-of-crete/mammals-of-crete.html">Archived</a> 7 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> CretanBeaches.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y4J0Hzo0o4gC&pg=PA43"><i>Atlas of terrestrial mammals of the Ionian and Aegean islands</i></a>. De Gruyter. 30 October 2012. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110254587" title="Special:BookSources/9783110254587"><bdi>9783110254587</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+terrestrial+mammals+of+the+Ionian+and+Aegean+islands&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2012-10-30&rft.isbn=9783110254587&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY4J0Hzo0o4gC%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JmSsNuwMAxgC&pg=PT35"><i>Evolution of Island Mammals</i></a>. Wiley. 14 February 2011. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781444391282" title="Special:BookSources/9781444391282"><bdi>9781444391282</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolution+of+Island+Mammals&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2011-02-14&rft.isbn=9781444391282&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJmSsNuwMAxgC%26pg%3DPT35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icw-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-icw_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icw_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icw_97-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icw_97-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icw_97-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icw_97-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intocrete.net/features/wildlife.asp">Wildlife on Crete</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003150811/https://www.intocrete.net/features/wildlife.asp">Archived</a> 3 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> IntoCrete.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.we-love-crete.com/birds-of-crete.html">Birds of Crete</a> We-love-crete.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cretewww.com/birds/list.htm">Checklist and Guide to the Birds of Crete</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130529010744/http://www.cretewww.com/birds/list.htm">Archived</a> 29 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXirouchakisMylonas2005" class="citation journal cs1">Xirouchakis, Stavros M.; Mylonas, Moysis (December 2005). "Status and structure of the griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) population in Crete". <i>European Journal of Wildlife Research</i>. <b>51</b> (4): 223–231. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005EJWR...51..223X">2005EJWR...51..223X</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10344-005-0101-4">10.1007/s10344-005-0101-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24900498">24900498</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Wildlife+Research&rft.atitle=Status+and+structure+of+the+griffon+vulture+%28Gyps+fulvus%29+population+in+Crete&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=223-231&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24900498%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10344-005-0101-4&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005EJWR...51..223X&rft.aulast=Xirouchakis&rft.aufirst=Stavros+M.&rft.au=Mylonas%2C+Moysis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-natrep-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-natrep_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-natrep_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-natrep_101-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aquaworld-crete.com/rep1.html">Native Reptiles of Crete at Aquaworld</a> Aquaworld Aquarium.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-snakes-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-snakes_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cretegazette.com/archive/2005-11-snakes.php">The Snakes of Crete by John McClaren</a> CreteGazette.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-turtle-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-turtle_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KVYFI9NzLz0C&pg=PA68">Crete p. 69</a>, by Victoria Kyriakopoulos</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDufresnes,_C.2019" class="citation book cs1">Dufresnes, C. (2019). <i>Amphibians of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East: A Photographic Guide</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4729-4137-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4729-4137-4"><bdi>978-1-4729-4137-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amphibians+of+Europe%2C+North+Africa+and+the+Middle+East%3A+A+Photographic+Guide&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-4729-4137-4&rft.au=Dufresnes%2C+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.picturenation.co.uk/view/info/77283/hummingbird-moth-flower?s=hummingbird&page=1">Feeding time for a hummingbird moth</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314022813/http://www.picturenation.co.uk/view/info/77283/hummingbird-moth-flower?s=hummingbird&page=1">Archived</a> 14 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> PictureNation.co.uk</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cretanbeaches.com/en/fauna-of-crete/marine-mammals.html">Marine mammals of Crete</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110207014311/http://www.cretanbeaches.com/en/fauna-of-crete/marine-mammals.html">Archived</a> 7 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> CretanBeaches.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aquaworld-crete.com/fish.html">Fish from Crete at Aquaworld</a> Aquaworld Aquarium</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cretaquarium.gr/indexen.php">Cretaquarium</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110626193821/http://www.cretaquarium.gr/indexen.php">Archived</a> 26 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Cretaquarium.gr</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scot-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scot_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britsincrete.net/john_mclaren_aquaworld.html">Great Britons in Crete, John Bryce McLaren</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110319012949/http://www.britsincrete.net/john_mclaren_aquaworld.html">Archived</a> 19 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> BritsinCrete.net</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSands2005" class="citation book cs1">Sands, Roger (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UO1DAI60IQEC&q=crete+deforestation&pg=PA27"><i>Forestry in a Global Context</i></a>. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780851990897" title="Special:BookSources/9780851990897"><bdi>9780851990897</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forestry+in+a+Global+Context&rft.pages=27&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780851990897&rft.aulast=Sands&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUO1DAI60IQEC%26q%3Dcrete%2Bdeforestation%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fielding-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fielding_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fielding, J. and Turland, N. "Flowers of Crete", Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1842460795" title="Special:BookSources/978-1842460795">978-1842460795</a>, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flora-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-flora_112-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flora_112-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flora_112-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KVYFI9NzLz0C&pg=PA68">Crete p.68</a> by Victoria Kyriakopoulos</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-expcrete-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-expcrete_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-expcrete_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-expcrete_113-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.explorecrete.com/nature/flora.html">The Flora of Crete</a> ExploreCrete.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Caroline M. Galt, "A marble fragment at Mount Holyoke College from the Cretan city of Aptera", <i>Art and Archaeology</i> <b>6</b> (1920:150).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalantzis2019" class="citation book cs1">Kalantzis, Konstantinos (2019). <i>Tradition in the Frame Photography, Power, and Imagination in Sfakia, Crete</i>. Indiana University Press. pp. 153–178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-03713-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-03713-8"><bdi>978-0-253-03713-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tradition+in+the+Frame+Photography%2C+Power%2C+and+Imagination+in+Sfakia%2C+Crete&rft.pages=153-178&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-253-03713-8&rft.aulast=Kalantzis&rft.aufirst=Konstantinos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://activecrete.gr/islands-culture/">"Island's Culture"</a>. <i>Active Crete</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Active+Crete&rft.atitle=Island%27s+Culture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factivecrete.gr%2Fislands-culture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-feud-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-feud_117-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-feud_117-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian Murphy: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19990114/2938763/vendetta-victims-people-a-village----cretes-cycle-of-blood-survives-the-centuries">Vendetta Victims: People, A Village – Crete's 'Cycle Of Blood' Survives The Centuries</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a></i>, 14 January 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aris Tsantiropoulos: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331102316/http://www.pbs.plymouth.ac.uk/solon/journal/issue%202.1/Tsantiropoulos_Article_final%5B1%5D%5B1%5D.pdf">"Collective Memory and Blood Feud: The Case of Mountainous Crete"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.plymouth.ac.uk/solon/journal/issue%202.1/Tsantiropoulos_Article_final%5B1%5D%5B1%5D.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 31 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Collective+Memory+and+Blood+Feud%3A+The+Case+of+Mountainous+Crete&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.plymouth.ac.uk%2Fsolon%2Fjournal%2Fissue%25202.1%2FTsantiropoulos_Article_final%255B1%255D%255B1%255D.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(254 KB)</span>, <i>Crimes and Misdemeanours</i> 2/1 (2008), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Crete" title="University of Crete">University of Crete</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cretanbeaches.com/en/home/577-elytis.html">Odysseas Elytis</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> by Alexandros Roniotis, CretanBeaches.com.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_sources">General and cited sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: General and cited sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Crete"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Crete">"Crete" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 418–430.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Crete&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=418-430&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Francis, Jane and Anna Kouremenos (eds.) 2016. <i>Roman Crete: New Perspectives</i>. Oxford: Oxbow.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregoryKazhdan1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gregory, T. E.; Kazhdan, A. (1991). "Crete". In <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8"><bdi>0-19-504652-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Crete&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-19-504652-8&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=T.+E.&rft.au=Kazhdan%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargaritis2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Margaritis, Giorgos (2006). <i>Ιστορία του ελληνικού εμφυλίου πολέμου 1946-1949</i> [<i>History of the Greek Civil War 1946-1949</i>] (in Greek). Vol. II. Athens: Vivliorama. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9608087139" title="Special:BookSources/9608087139"><bdi>9608087139</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CE%B5%CE%BC%CF%86%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85+%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85+1946-1949&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=Vivliorama&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9608087139&rft.aulast=Margaritis&rft.aufirst=Giorgos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanagiotakis1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Panagiotakis, Nikolaos M., ed. (1987). "Εισαγωγικό Σημείωμα ("Introduction")". <i>Crete, History and Civilization</i> (in Greek). Vol. I. Vikelea Library, Association of Regional Associations of Regional Municipalities. pp. XI–XX.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%CE%95%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C+%CE%A3%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1+%28%22Introduction%22%29&rft.btitle=Crete%2C+History+and+Civilization&rft.pages=XI-XX&rft.pub=Vikelea+Library%2C+Association+of+Regional+Associations+of+Regional+Municipalities&rft.date=1987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreadgold1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Treadgold" title="Warren Treadgold">Treadgold, Warren</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC"><i>A History of the Byzantine State and Society</i></a>. Stanford, California: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2"><bdi>0-8047-2630-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Byzantine+State+and+Society&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8047-2630-2&rft.aulast=Treadgold&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYbnr5XVbzUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrete" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crete&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Crete</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" 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/></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7" class="extiw" title="c:Κρήτη">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Crete" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Crete">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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title="b:Special:Search/Crete">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Crete" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Crete">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Crete" class="extiw" title="voy:Crete">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gavalochorigreece.org">Official Website of Gavalochori Village, Crete</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cretelocals.com">Crete Locals</a> comprehensive guide of Crete Island (in English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhmc.uoc.gr/en">Natural History Museum of Crete</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Crete" title="University of Crete">University of Crete</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cretaquarium.gr/">Cretaquarium Thalassocosmos</a> in Heraklion.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aquaworld-crete.com">Aquaworld Aquarium</a> in Hersonissos.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxfordbibliographiesonline.com/display/id/obo-9780195389661-0071">Ancient Crete</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200530225110/http://oxfordbibliographiesonline.com/display/id/obo-9780195389661-0071">Archived</a> 30 May 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Oxford Bibliographies Online: Classics.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitgreece.gr/en/greek_islands/crete">Official Greek National Tourism Organisation website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121123155346/http://www.360travelguide.com/travelpack/resort.asp?Resort=Crete&Code=780spl04">Interactive Virtual Tour of Crete</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crete" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crete" title="Template:Crete"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crete" title="Template talk:Crete"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crete" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crete"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crete" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crete</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cretans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Cretans">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minos" title="Minos">Minos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimenides" title="Epimenides">Epimenides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearchus" title="Nearchus">Nearchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Chortatzis" title="Georgios Chortatzis">Georgios Chortatzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitsentzos_Kornaros" title="Vitsentzos Kornaros">Vitsentzos Kornaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Musurus" title="Marcus Musurus">Marcus Musurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Greco" title="El Greco">El Greco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Lucaris" title="Cyril Lucaris">Cyril Lucaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Kallergis" title="Dimitrios Kallergis">Dimitrios Kallergis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Eleftherios Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Kazantzakis" title="Nikos Kazantzakis">Nikos Kazantzakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfakians" title="Sfakians">Sfakians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Turks">Cretan Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crete" title="History of Crete">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Crete">Ancient Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crete" title="History of Crete">Classical and Hellenistic period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creta_et_Cyrenaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Creta et Cyrenaica">Creta et Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">First Byzantine period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete" title="Emirate of Crete">Emirate of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">Second Byzantine period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Candia" title="Kingdom of Candia">Kingdom of Candia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_Saint_Titus" title="Revolt of Saint Titus">Revolt of Saint Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_War_(1645%E2%80%931669)" title="Cretan War (1645–1669)">Cretan War <span style="font-size:85%;">(1645–69)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Crete" title="Ottoman Crete">Ottoman Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1866%E2%80%9369)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Revolt (1866–69)">Cretan Revolt <span style="font-size:85%;">(1866–69)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_State" title="Cretan State">Cretan State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theriso_revolt" title="Theriso revolt">Theriso revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_resistance" title="Cretan resistance">Cretan resistance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Nikolaos,_Crete" title="Agios Nikolaos, Crete">Agios Nikolaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ierapetra" title="Ierapetra">Ierapetra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rethymno" title="Rethymno">Rethymno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siteia" class="mw-redirect" title="Siteia">Siteia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Gorges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agia_Eirini_Gorge" title="Agia Eirini Gorge">Agia Eirini Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha_Gorge" title="Ha Gorge">Ha Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbros_Gorge" title="Imbros Gorge">Imbros Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotsifos_Gorge" title="Kotsifos Gorge">Kotsifos Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kourtaliotiko_Gorge" title="Kourtaliotiko Gorge">Kourtaliotiko Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milona_Gorge" title="Milona Gorge">Milona Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richtis_Gorge" title="Richtis Gorge">Richtis Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samari%C3%A1_Gorge" class="mw-redirect" title="Samariá Gorge">Samariá Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarakina_Gorge" title="Sarakina Gorge">Sarakina Gorge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archanes" title="Archanes">Archanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeni_(archaeological_site)" title="Armeni (archaeological site)">Armenoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleutherna" title="Eleutherna">Eleutherna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gortyn" title="Gortyn">Gortyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gournia" title="Gournia">Gournia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Triada" title="Hagia Triada">Hagia Triada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kommos_(Crete)" title="Kommos (Crete)">Kommos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kydonia" title="Kydonia">Kydonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lato" title="Lato">Lato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malia_(archaeological_site)" title="Malia (archaeological site)">Malia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastiraki,_Crete" title="Monastiraki, Crete">Monastiraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaistos" title="Phaistos">Phaistos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyrrhenia" title="Polyrrhenia">Polyrrhenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tylissos" title="Tylissos">Tylissos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakros" title="Zakros">Zakros</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Chania" title="Archaeological Museum of Chania">Archaeological Museum of Chania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretaquarium" title="Cretaquarium">Cretaquarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum" title="Heraklion Archaeological Museum">Heraklion Archaeological Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_Museum_of_Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Nautical Museum of Crete">Nautical Museum of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Visual_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Visual Arts">St. Mark Basilica (Museum of Visual Arts)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agia_Triada_Monastery" title="Agia Triada Monastery">Agia Triada Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Minas_Cathedral" title="Agios Minas Cathedral">Agios Minas Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agios_Titos_(Heraklion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agios Titos (Heraklion) (page does not exist)">Agios Titos, Heraklion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkadi_Monastery" title="Arkadi Monastery">Arkadi Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_Cathedral,_Chania" title="Assumption Cathedral, Chania">Assumption Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneto_Monastery" title="Gouverneto Monastery">Gouverneto Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Hasan_Pasha_Mosque" title="Küçük Hasan Pasha Mosque">Küçük Hasan Pasha Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moni_Toplou" class="mw-redirect" title="Moni Toplou">Moni Toplou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neradje_Mosque" title="Neradje Mosque">Neradje Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Catherine_Church_(Heraklion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Catherine Church (Heraklion) (page does not exist)">St. Catherine, Heraklion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Peter_of_Dominicans_(Heraklion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Peter of Dominicans (Heraklion) (page does not exist)">St. Peter of Dominicans, Heraklion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Fortresses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aptera,_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Aptera, Greece">Aptera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firkas_Fortress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Firkas Fortress (page does not exist)">Firkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortezza_of_Rethymno" title="Fortezza of Rethymno">Fortezza of Rethymno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frangokastello" title="Frangokastello">Frangokastello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramvousa" title="Gramvousa">Gramvousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazarma_fortress" title="Kazarma fortress">Kazarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koules_Fortress" title="Koules Fortress">Koules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga">Spinalonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Natural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Zeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave of Zeus">Cave of Zeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasithi_Plateau" title="Lasithi Plateau">Lasithi Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefka_Ori" title="Lefka Ori">Lefka Ori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matala,_Crete" title="Matala, Crete">Matala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messara_Plain" title="Messara Plain">Messara Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabello_Bay" title="Mirabello Bay">Mirabello Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ida_(Crete)" title="Mount Ida (Crete)">Mount Ida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychro_Cave" title="Psychro Cave">Psychro Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_(Crete)" title="Vai (Crete)">Vai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elounda" title="Elounda">Elounda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfakia" title="Sfakia">Sfakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souda" title="Souda">Souda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Greek" title="Cretan Greek">Cretan Greek dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_school" title="Cretan school">Cretan school <span style="font-size:85%;">(icon painting)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_literature" title="Cretan literature">Cretan literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_lyra" title="Cretan lyra">Cretan lyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_cuisine" title="Cretan cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cretan_wine" title="Cretan wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kri-kri" title="Kri-kri">Kri-kri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantinada" title="Mantinada">Mantinada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur" title="Minotaur">Minotaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Crete" title="Music of Crete">Music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cretan_islands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cretan_islands" title="Template:Cretan islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cretan_islands" title="Template talk:Cretan islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cretan_islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cretan islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cretan_islands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cretan</a> islands</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chania_(regional_unit)" title="Chania (regional unit)">Chania<br />regional unit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Major islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agioi_Theodoroi_(islands)" title="Agioi Theodoroi (islands)">Agioi Theodoroi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Agioi_Theodoroi_(islands)" title="Agioi Theodoroi (islands)">Agios Theodoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agioi_Theodoroi_(islands)" title="Agioi Theodoroi (islands)">Mikros Agios Theodoros</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elafonisi" title="Elafonisi">Elafonisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavdos" title="Gavdos">Gavdos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavdopoula" title="Gavdopoula">Gavdopoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramvousa" title="Gramvousa">Gramvousa</a>, Agria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramvousa" title="Gramvousa">Gramvousa</a>, Imeri</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondikonisi" title="Pondikonisi">Pondikonisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souda_(island)" title="Souda (island)">Souda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Islets and rocks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agioi_Apostoloi" title="Agioi Apostoloi">Agioi Apostoloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Nikolaos_(Chania)" title="Agios Nikolaos (Chania)">Agios Nikolaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammoudi_tous_Volakous" title="Ammoudi tous Volakous">Ammoudi tous Volakous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaouti" title="Arnaouti">Arnaouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_(island)" title="Artemis (island)">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysi_(island)" title="Chrysi (island)">Gaidouronisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karga_(island)" title="Karga (island)">Karga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katonisi" title="Katonisi">Katonisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koursaroi" title="Koursaroi">Koursaroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazaretta" title="Lazaretta">Lazaretta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_(Souda_Bay)" title="Leon (Souda Bay)">Leon/Nisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loutro_(island)" title="Loutro (island)">Loutro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaiosouda" title="Palaiosouda">Palaiosouda</a>/Marathi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petalida" title="Petalida">Petalida</a>/Xera</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petalouda" title="Petalouda">Petalouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontikaki" title="Pontikaki">Pontikaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praso_(Kissamos)" title="Praso (Kissamos)">Praso Kissamou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasonisi_(Gavdos)" title="Prasonisi (Gavdos)">Prasonisi Gavdou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schistonisi" title="Schistonisi">Schistonisi</a>/Trachyli</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treis_Volakous" title="Treis Volakous">Treis Volakous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valenti_rock" title="Valenti rock">Valenti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Rethymno_(regional_unit)" title="Rethymno (regional unit)">Rethymno<br />regional unit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Major islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paximadia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paximadia">Paximadia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paximadia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paximadia">Megalo Paximadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paximadia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paximadia">Mikro Paximadi</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Islets and rocks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspros_Volakas" title="Aspros Volakas">Aspros Volakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diapori" title="Diapori">Diapori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavros_Volakas" title="Mavros Volakas">Mavros Volakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristeri_(island)" title="Peristeri (island)">Peristeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasonisi_(Rethymno)" title="Prasonisi (Rethymno)">Prasonisi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Heraklion_(regional_unit)" title="Heraklion (regional unit)">Heraklion<br />regional unit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Major islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dia_(island)" title="Dia (island)">Dia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Islets and rocks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afentis_Christos" title="Afentis Christos">Afentis Christos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agia_Varvara_(island)" title="Agia Varvara (island)">Agia Varvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaronisi" title="Glaronisi">Glaronisi</a>/Petalidi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavronisi" title="Mavronisi">Mavronisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalonisi_(Crete)" title="Megalonisi (Crete)">Megalonisi</a>/Makronisi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikronisi" title="Mikronisi">Mikronisi</a>/Agios Pavlos</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisoplaka" title="Nisoplaka">Nisoplaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papadoplaka" title="Papadoplaka">Papadoplaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paximadi_(Gouves)" title="Paximadi (Gouves)">Paximadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psarocharako" title="Psarocharako">Psarocharako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis_(island)" title="Thetis (island)">Thetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafos" title="Trafos">Trafos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lasithi" title="Lasithi">Lasithi</a><br />regional unit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Major islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agioi_Pantes_(island)" title="Agioi Pantes (island)">Agioi Pantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysi_(island)" title="Chrysi (island)">Chrysi/Gaidouronisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysades" title="Dionysades">Dionysades</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dragonada" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragonada">Dragonada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianysada" class="mw-redirect" title="Gianysada">Gianysada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paximada" class="mw-redirect" title="Paximada">Paximada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paximadaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Paximadaki">Paximadaki</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elasa" title="Elasa">Elasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koufonisi_(Crete)" title="Koufonisi (Crete)">Koufonisi/Lefki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriamadi" title="Kyriamadi">Kyriamadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikronisi" title="Mikronisi">Mikronisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strongyli_(Crete)" title="Strongyli (Crete)">Strongyli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachilos_(islet)" title="Trachilos (islet)">Trachilos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Islets and rocks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agia_Eirini_(island)" title="Agia Eirini (island)">Agia Eirini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochlos" title="Mochlos">Agios Nikolaos/Mochlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriomandra" title="Agriomandra">Agriomandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avgo" title="Avgo">Avgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daskaleia" title="Daskaleia">Daskaleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotia_(island)" title="Fotia (island)">Fotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandes_(islands)" title="Grandes (islands)">Grandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io_(island)" title="Io (island)">Io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga">Kalydon/Spinalonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karavi" title="Karavi">Karavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavaloi" title="Kavaloi">Kavaloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katergo" title="Katergo">Katergo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolokythas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolokythas">Kolokythas</a>/Vryonisi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konida" title="Konida">Konida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kymo" title="Kymo">Kymo</a>/Koumeli</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makroulo" title="Makroulo">Makroulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmaro" title="Marmaro">Marmaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavros" title="Mavros">Mavros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavros_Vrachos" title="Mavros Vrachos">Mavros Vrachos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megatzedes" title="Megatzedes">Megatzedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikronisi_(Lasithi)" title="Mikronisi (Lasithi)">Mikronisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolos" title="Nikolos">Nikolos</a>/Nikolonisi/Agios Antonios</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paximadaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Paximadaki">Paximadaki</a>/Prasonisi Siteias</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristerovrachoi" title="Peristerovrachoi">Peristerovrachoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ftena_Trachylia" title="Ftena Trachylia">Ftena Trachylia</a>/Pinakl</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasonisi_(Lefki)" title="Prasonisi (Lefki)">Prasonisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosfora" title="Prosfora">Prosfora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseira" title="Pseira">Pseira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyllos" title="Psyllos">Psyllos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sideros" title="Sideros">Sideros</a>/Strongylo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vryonisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vryonisi">Vryonisi</a>/Prasonisi</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Greece" title="List of islands of Greece">Greek islands</a>: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Aegean_Islands" title="List of Aegean Islands">Aegean Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saronic_Islands" title="Saronic Islands">Saronic Islands</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclades" title="Cyclades">Cyclades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dodecanese" title="Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Aegean_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="North Aegean Islands">North Aegean Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sporades" title="Sporades">Sporades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Echinades" title="Echinades">Echinades</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Crete" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Crete" title="Template:History of Crete"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Crete" title="Template talk:History of Crete"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Crete" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Crete"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Crete" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crete" title="History of Crete">History</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crete</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenean period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crete#Classical,_Hellenistic,_Roman,_Byzantine_and_Arab_Crete" title="History of Crete">Classical and Hellenistic period</a></li> <li>Roman period <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_League" title="Cretan League">Cretan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crete_and_Cyrenaica" title="Crete and Cyrenaica">Crete and Cyrenaica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">First Byzantine period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete" title="Emirate of Crete">Arab period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">Second Byzantine period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Candia" title="Kingdom of Candia">Venetian period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_Saint_Titus" title="Revolt of Saint Titus">Revolt of Saint Titus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_War_(1645%E2%80%931669)" title="Cretan War (1645–1669)">Cretan War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Candia" title="Siege of Candia">Siege of Candia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Crete" title="Ottoman Crete">Ottoman period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1841)" title="Cretan Revolt (1841)">1841 revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_revolt_(1866%E2%80%931869)" title="Cretan revolt (1866–1869)">Great Cretan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_revolt_(1878)" title="Cretan revolt (1878)">1878 revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1897%E2%80%931898)" title="Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)">1897–1898 revolt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_State" title="Cretan State">Cretan State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theriso_revolt" title="Theriso revolt">Theriso revolt</a></li></ul></li> <li>World War II <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_resistance" title="Cretan resistance">Resistance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_division_of_the_Crete_Region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crete_Region" title="Template:Crete Region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crete_Region" title="Template talk:Crete Region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crete_Region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crete Region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_division_of_the_Crete_Region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Greece" title="Administrative divisions of Greece">Administrative division</a> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crete</a> Region</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>Area</dt> <dd>8,336 km<sup>2</sup> (3,219 sq mi)</dd> <dt>Population</dt> <dd>623,065 (as of 2011)</dd> <dt>Municipalities</dt> <dd>24 (since <a href="/wiki/Kallikratis_Programme" title="Kallikratis Programme">2011</a>)</dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/Chania_(regional_unit)" title="Chania (regional unit)">Chania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apokoronas" title="Apokoronas">Apokoronas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavdos" title="Gavdos">Gavdos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantanos-Selino" title="Kantanos-Selino">Kantanos-Selino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissamos" title="Kissamos">Kissamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platanias" title="Platanias">Platanias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfakia" title="Sfakia">Sfakia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Periferia_Kritis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Periferia_Kritis.png/120px-Periferia_Kritis.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Periferia_Kritis.png/180px-Periferia_Kritis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Periferia_Kritis.png/240px-Periferia_Kritis.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="679" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/Heraklion_(regional_unit)" title="Heraklion (regional unit)">Heraklion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archanes-Asterousia" title="Archanes-Asterousia">Archanes-Asterousia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faistos" title="Faistos">Faistos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gortyn" title="Gortyn">Gortyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersonissos" title="Hersonissos">Hersonissos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malevizi" title="Malevizi">Malevizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoa_Pediada" title="Minoa Pediada">Minoa Pediada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viannos" title="Viannos">Viannos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/Lasithi" title="Lasithi">Lasithi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Nikolaos,_Crete" title="Agios Nikolaos, Crete">Agios Nikolaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ierapetra" title="Ierapetra">Ierapetra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oropedio_Lasithiou" class="mw-redirect" title="Oropedio Lasithiou">Oropedio Lasithiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siteia" class="mw-redirect" title="Siteia">Siteia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/Rethymno_(regional_unit)" title="Rethymno (regional unit)">Rethymno</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Vasileios,_Rethymno" title="Agios Vasileios, Rethymno">Agios Vasileios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amari_(municipality)" title="Amari (municipality)">Amari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anogeia" title="Anogeia">Anogeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylopotamos,_Crete" title="Mylopotamos, Crete">Mylopotamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rethymno_(municipality)" title="Rethymno (municipality)">Rethymno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>Regional governor</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stavros_Arnaoutakis" title="Stavros Arnaoutakis">Stavros Arnaoutakis</a> (reelected <a href="/wiki/2014_Greek_local_elections" title="2014 Greek local elections">2014</a>)</dd> <dt>Decentralized Administration</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Administration_of_Crete" title="Decentralized Administration of Crete">Crete</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_of_Greece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_regions_of_Greece" title="Template:Administrative regions of Greece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_regions_of_Greece" title="Template talk:Administrative regions of Greece"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_regions_of_Greece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative regions of Greece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_of_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Greece" title="Regions of Greece">Regions of Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attica_(region)" title="Attica (region)">Attica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Greece_(administrative_region)" title="Central Greece (administrative region)">Central Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Macedonia" title="Central Macedonia">Central Macedonia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Eastern Macedonia and Thrace">Eastern Macedonia and Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_(region)" title="Epirus (region)">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands_(region)" title="Ionian Islands (region)">Ionian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Aegean" title="North Aegean">North Aegean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnese_(region)" title="Peloponnese (region)">Peloponnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Aegean" title="South Aegean">South Aegean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Greece" title="Western Greece">Western Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Macedonia" title="Western Macedonia">Western Macedonia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/60px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/80px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous region">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monastic_community_of_Mount_Athos" title="Monastic community of Mount Athos">Monastic community of Mount Athos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Traditional_geographic_regions_of_Greece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geographic_regions_of_Greece" title="Template:Geographic regions of Greece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geographic_regions_of_Greece" title="Template talk:Geographic regions of Greece"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geographic_regions_of_Greece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geographic regions of Greece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Traditional_geographic_regions_of_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_regions_of_Greece" title="Geographic regions of Greece">Traditional geographic regions of Greece </a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Islands" title="Aegean Islands">Aegean Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Greece_(geographic_region)" title="Central Greece (geographic region)">Central Greece</a> (<a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_(region)" title="Epirus (region)">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Macedonia (Greece)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Thrace" title="Western Thrace">Thrace</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/60px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/80px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aegean_Sea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aegean_Sea" title="Template:Aegean Sea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aegean_Sea" title="Template talk:Aegean Sea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aegean_Sea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aegean Sea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aegean_Sea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="General"><b>General</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_civilization" title="Aegean civilization">Aegean civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_dispute" title="Aegean dispute">Aegean dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Islands" title="Aegean Islands">Aegean Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Greece" title="List of islands of Greece">Greek islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Turkey" title="List of islands of Turkey">Turkish islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="Aegean_Islands"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aegean_Islands" title="List of Aegean Islands"><b>Aegean Islands</b></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyclades" title="Cyclades">Cyclades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amorgos" title="Amorgos">Amorgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anafi" title="Anafi">Anafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananes" title="Ananes">Ananes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andros" title="Andros">Andros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilos" title="Antimilos">Antimilos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiparos" title="Antiparos">Antiparos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daskalio" title="Daskalio">Daskalio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotiko" title="Despotiko">Despotiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donousa" title="Donousa">Donousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folegandros" title="Folegandros">Folegandros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyaros" title="Gyaros">Gyaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ios" title="Ios">Ios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irakleia_(Cyclades)" title="Irakleia (Cyclades)">Irakleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kardiotissa" title="Kardiotissa">Kardiotissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kea_(island)" title="Kea (island)">Kea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keros" title="Keros">Keros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimolos" title="Kimolos">Kimolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koufonisia" title="Koufonisia">Koufonisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kythnos" title="Kythnos">Kythnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milos" title="Milos">Milos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykonos" title="Mykonos">Mykonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxos" title="Naxos">Naxos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paros" title="Paros">Paros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyaigos" title="Polyaigos">Polyaigos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rineia" title="Rineia">Rineia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Santorini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoinoussa" title="Schoinoussa">Schoinoussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serifopoula" title="Serifopoula">Serifopoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serifos" title="Serifos">Serifos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sifnos" title="Sifnos">Sifnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikinos" title="Sikinos">Sikinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syros" title="Syros">Syros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therasia" title="Therasia">Therasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinos" title="Tinos">Tinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vous_Island" title="Vous Island">Vous</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegean_with_legends.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aegean Sea"><img alt="Aegean Sea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Aegean_with_legends.svg/150px-Aegean_with_legends.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Aegean_with_legends.svg/225px-Aegean_with_legends.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Aegean_with_legends.svg/300px-Aegean_with_legends.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="467" /></a><figcaption>Aegean Sea</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dodecanese" title="Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agathonisi" title="Agathonisi">Agathonisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alimia" title="Alimia">Alimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkoi" title="Arkoi">Arkoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armathia" title="Armathia">Armathia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astakida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astakida (page does not exist)">Astakida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astypalaia" title="Astypalaia">Astypalaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87atalada" title="Çatalada">Çatalada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chamili (page does not exist)">Chamili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmakonisi" title="Farmakonisi">Farmakonisi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaidaros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaidaros (page does not exist)">Gaidaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyali" title="Gyali">Gyali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halki_(Greece)" title="Halki (Greece)">Halki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imia" title="Imia">Imia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalolimnos" title="Kalolimnos">Kalolimnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalymnos" title="Kalymnos">Kalymnos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandelioussa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kandelioussa (page does not exist)">Kandelioussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Ada_(Bodrum)" title="Kara Ada (Bodrum)">Kara Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karpathos" title="Karpathos">Karpathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasos" title="Kasos">Kasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinaros" title="Kinaros">Kinaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Kos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Tav%C5%9Fan_Adas%C4%B1" title="Küçük Tavşan Adası">Küçük Tavşan Adası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipsoi" title="Leipsoi">Leipsoi</a> (Lipsi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leros" title="Leros">Leros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levitha" title="Levitha">Levitha</a> (Lebynthos)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimos" title="Nimos">Nimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisyros" title="Nisyros">Nisyros</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacheia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacheia (page does not exist)">Pacheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patmos" title="Patmos">Patmos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platy_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platy (island) (page does not exist)">Platy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pserimos" title="Pserimos">Pserimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih_Ada" title="Salih Ada">Salih Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saria_Island" title="Saria Island">Saria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symi" title="Symi">Symi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrna_(island)" title="Syrna (island)">Syrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telendos" title="Telendos">Telendos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilos" title="Tilos">Tilos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaforas" title="Zaforas">Zaforas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Aegean_islands" title="North Aegean islands">North Aegean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Efstratios" title="Agios Efstratios">Agios Efstratios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Minas_Island" title="Agios Minas Island">Agios Minas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammouliani" title="Ammouliani">Ammouliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayval%C4%B1k_Islands_Nature_Park" title="Ayvalık Islands Nature Park">Ayvalık Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Ada" title="Büyük Ada">Büyük Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chryse_(island)" title="Chryse (island)">Chryse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunda_Island" title="Cunda Island">Cunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fo%C3%A7a_Islands" title="Foça Islands">Foça Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fournoi_Korseon" title="Fournoi Korseon">Fournoi Korseon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icaria" title="Icaria">Icaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbros" title="Imbros">Imbros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koukonesi" title="Koukonesi">Koukonesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemnos" title="Lemnos">Lemnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbos" title="Lesbos">Lesbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalonisi" title="Megalonisi">Megalonisi</a> (Nisiopi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metelik_Island" title="Metelik Island">Metelik Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oinousses" title="Oinousses">Oinousses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasas,_Oinousses" title="Pasas, Oinousses">Pasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psara" title="Psara">Psara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samiopoula" title="Samiopoula">Samiopoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samothrace" title="Samothrace">Samothrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenedos" title="Tenedos">Tenedos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thasos" title="Thasos">Thasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymaina" title="Thymaina">Thymaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzunada" title="Uzunada">Uzunada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zourafa" title="Zourafa">Zourafa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saronic_Islands" title="Saronic Islands">Saronic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegina" title="Aegina">Aegina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Georgios_(island)" title="Agios Georgios (island)">Agios Georgios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agistri" title="Agistri">Agistri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokos" title="Dokos">Dokos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(island)" title="Hydra (island)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poros" title="Poros">Poros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyttaleia" title="Psyttaleia">Psyttaleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamis_Island" title="Salamis Island">Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spetses" title="Spetses">Spetses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sporades" title="Sporades">Sporades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelfoi_Islets" title="Adelfoi Islets">Adelfoi Islets</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agios_Georgios_Skopelou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agios Georgios Skopelou (page does not exist)">Agios Georgios Skopelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonnisos" title="Alonnisos">Alonnisos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argos_Skiathou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argos Skiathou (page does not exist)">Argos Skiathou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dasia_(islet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dasia (islet) (page does not exist)">Dasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erinia" title="Erinia">Erinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gioura" title="Gioura">Gioura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammeza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grammeza (page does not exist)">Grammeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyra_Panagia" title="Kyra Panagia">Kyra Panagia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lekhoussa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lekhoussa (page does not exist)">Lekhoussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristera" title="Peristera">Peristera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperi_(island)" title="Piperi (island)">Piperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psathoura" title="Psathoura">Psathoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repi" title="Repi">Repi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarakino" title="Sarakino">Sarakino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skandili (page does not exist)">Skandili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skantzoura" title="Skantzoura">Skantzoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skiathos" title="Skiathos">Skiathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skopelos" title="Skopelos">Skopelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyropoula" title="Skyropoula">Skyropoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyros" title="Skyros">Skyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsoungria" title="Tsoungria">Tsoungria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valaxa" title="Valaxa">Valaxa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Greece#Cretan_islands_of_the_Aegean_Sea" title="List of islands of Greece">Cretan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afentis_Christos" title="Afentis Christos">Afentis Christos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agia_Varvara_(island)" title="Agia Varvara (island)">Agia Varvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agioi_Apostoloi" title="Agioi Apostoloi">Agioi Apostoloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agioi_Pantes_(island)" title="Agioi Pantes (island)">Agioi Pantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agioi_Theodoroi_(islands)" title="Agioi Theodoroi (islands)">Agioi Theodoroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Nikolaos_(Chania)" title="Agios Nikolaos (Chania)">Agios Nikolaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anavatis" class="mw-redirect" title="Anavatis">Anavatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaouti" title="Arnaouti">Arnaouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspros_Volakas" title="Aspros Volakas">Aspros Volakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avgo" title="Avgo">Avgo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daskaleia" title="Daskaleia">Daskaleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dia_(island)" title="Dia (island)">Dia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diapori" title="Diapori">Diapori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysades" title="Dionysades">Dionysades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elasa" title="Elasa">Elasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ftena_Trachylia" title="Ftena Trachylia">Ftena Trachylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaronisi" title="Glaronisi">Glaronisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramvousa" title="Gramvousa">Gramvousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandes_(islands)" title="Grandes (islands)">Grandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga">Kalydon (Spinalonga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karavi" title="Karavi">Karavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karga_(island)" title="Karga (island)">Karga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katergo" title="Katergo">Katergo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavallos" class="mw-redirect" title="Kavallos">Kavallos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefali" class="mw-redirect" title="Kefali">Kefali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolokytha" title="Kolokytha">Kolokytha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koursaroi" title="Koursaroi">Koursaroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriamadi" title="Kyriamadi">Kyriamadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazaretta" title="Lazaretta">Lazaretta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_(Souda_Bay)" title="Leon (Souda Bay)">Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavros" title="Mavros">Mavros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavros_Volakas" title="Mavros Volakas">Mavros Volakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megatzedes" title="Megatzedes">Megatzedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochlos" title="Mochlos">Mochlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolos" title="Nikolos">Nikolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaiosouda" title="Palaiosouda">Palaiosouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristeri_(island)" title="Peristeri (island)">Peristeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristerovrachoi" title="Peristerovrachoi">Peristerovrachoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petalida" title="Petalida">Petalida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petalouda" title="Petalouda">Petalouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontikaki" title="Pontikaki">Pontikaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontikonisi" title="Pontikonisi">Pontikonisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praso_(Kissamos)" title="Praso (Kissamos)">Praso (Prasonisi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosfora" title="Prosfora">Prosfora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseira" title="Pseira">Pseira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sideros" title="Sideros">Sideros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souda_(island)" title="Souda (island)">Souda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valenti_rock" title="Valenti rock">Valenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasonisi_(islet)" title="Prasonisi (islet)">Vryonisi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antikythera" title="Antikythera">Antikythera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kythira" title="Kythira">Kythira</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makronisos" title="Makronisos">Makronisos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Greece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Template:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Template talk:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_Greece" title="Timeline of ancient Greece">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="HistoryGeography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Greece" title="History of Greece">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_ancient_Greece" title="Regions of ancient Greece">Geography</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_culture" title="Cycladic culture">Cycladic civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Dark_Ages" title="Greek Dark Ages">Greek Dark Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Greece" title="Hellenistic Greece">Hellenistic Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Roman_era" title="Greece in the Roman era">Roman Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_ancient_Greece" title="Regions of ancient Greece">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolis" title="Aeolis">Aeolis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Hexapolis" title="Doric Hexapolis">Doris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Hellespont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Taurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonies_in_antiquity" title="Colonies in antiquity">Ancient Greek colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="City_statesPoliticsMilitary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">City states</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Military</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">City states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Argos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Argos">Argos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcis" title="Chalcis">Chalcis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eretria" title="Eretria">Eretria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Kerkyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalopolis,_Greece" title="Megalopolis, Greece">Megalopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megara" title="Megara">Megara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lissus_(Crete)" title="Lissus (Crete)">Lissus (Crete)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bithynia" title="Kingdom of Bithynia">Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cappadocia" title="Kingdom of Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_(ancient_state)" title="Epirus (ancient state)">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pergamon" title="Kingdom of Pergamon">Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pontus" title="Kingdom of Pontus">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federations</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">Confederations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Hexapolis" title="Doric Hexapolis">Doric Hexapolis</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1100</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 560 BC</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italiotes#Italiote_League" title="Italiotes">Italiote League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 800</span>–389 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_League" title="Ionian League">Ionian League</a> (c. 650–404 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_League" title="Peloponnesian League">Peloponnesian League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 550</span>–366 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphictyonic_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphictyonic League">Amphictyonic League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 595</span>–279 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acarnanian_League" title="Acarnanian League">Acarnanian League</a> (c. 500–31 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Persian_Wars" title="Greco-Persian Wars">Hellenic League</a> (499–449 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delian_League" title="Delian League">Delian League</a> (478–404 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcidian_League" title="Chalcidian League">Chalcidian League</a> (430–348 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeotia#Boeotian_League" title="Boeotia">Boeotian League</a> (c. 424–c. 395 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aetolian_League" title="Aetolian League">Aetolian League</a> (c. 400–188 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Athenian_League" title="Second Athenian League">Second Athenian League</a> (378–355 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessalian_League" title="Thessalian League">Thessalian League</a> (374–196 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadian_League" title="Arcadian League">Arcadian League</a> (370–c. 230 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirote_League" title="Epirote League">Epirote League</a> (370–168 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Corinth" title="League of Corinth">League of Corinth</a> (338–322 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euboean_League" title="Euboean League">Euboean League</a> (c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaean_League" title="Achaean League">Achaean League</a> (280–146 BC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boule_(ancient_Greece)" title="Boule (ancient Greece)">Boule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_city_(classical_antiquity)" title="Free city (classical antiquity)">Free city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koinon" title="Koinon">Koinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxeny" title="Proxeny">Proxeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasis_(ancient_Greece)" title="Stasis (ancient Greece)">Stasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagus_(title)" title="Tagus (title)">Tagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrant" title="Tyrant">Tyrant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Athenian_democracy" title="Athenian democracy">Athenian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agora" title="Agora">Agora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areopagus" title="Areopagus">Areopagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_(ancient_Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesia (ancient Athens)">Ecclesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphe_paranomon" title="Graphe paranomon">Graphe paranomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliaia" title="Heliaia">Heliaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostracism" title="Ostracism">Ostracism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spartan_Constitution" title="Spartan Constitution">Spartan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_(Sparta)" title="Ecclesia (Sparta)">Ekklesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephor" title="Ephor">Ephor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerousia" title="Gerousia">Gerousia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synedrion" title="Synedrion">Synedrion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koinon_of_Macedonians" class="mw-redirect" title="Koinon of Macedonians">Koinon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Greece" title="List of wars involving Greece">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_military" title="Athenian military">Athenian military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_archers" title="Scythian archers">Scythian archers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonid_Macedonian_army" title="Antigonid Macedonian army">Antigonid Macedonian army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_army" title="Ancient Macedonian army">Army of Macedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">Ballista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_archers" title="Cretan archers">Cretan archers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_armies" title="Hellenistic armies">Hellenistic armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippeis" title="Hippeis">Hippeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoplite" title="Hoplite">Hoplite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companion_cavalry" title="Companion cavalry">Hetairoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_phalanx" title="Macedonian phalanx">Macedonian phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Mycenaean_Greece" title="Military of Mycenaean Greece">Military of Mycenaean Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalanx" title="Phalanx">Phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peltast" title="Peltast">Peltast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pezhetairos" title="Pezhetairos">Pezhetairos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarissa" title="Sarissa">Sarissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Band_of_Thebes" title="Sacred Band of Thebes">Sacred Band of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciritae" title="Sciritae">Sciritae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_army" title="Seleucid army">Seleucid army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartan_army" title="Spartan army">Spartan army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategos" title="Strategos">Strategos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxotai" title="Toxotai">Toxotai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiphos" title="Xiphos">Xiphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xyston" title="Xyston">Xyston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greeks" title="Category:Ancient Greeks">People</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="List_of_ancient_Greeks"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greeks" title="List of ancient Greeks">List of ancient Greeks</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_rulers_of_Greece#Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of rulers of Greece">Rulers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Argos" title="List of kings of Argos">Kings of Argos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponymous_archon" title="Eponymous archon">Archons of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Athens" title="List of kings of Athens">Kings of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Commagene" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Commagene">Kings of Commagene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadochi" title="Diadochi">Diadochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Macedonia" title="List of kings of Macedonia">Kings of Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Thrace_and_Dacia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia">Kings of Paionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attalid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Attalid dynasty">Attalid kings of Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Pontus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kings of Pontus">Kings of Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_dynasty" title="Seleucid dynasty">Seleucid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Sparta" title="List of kings of Sparta">Kings of Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tyrants_of_Syracuse" title="List of tyrants of Syracuse">Tyrants of Syracuse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists & scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_astronomers" title="List of ancient Greek astronomers">Astronomers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Graeco-Roman_geographers" title="List of Graeco-Roman geographers">Geographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_historians" title="List of ancient Greek historians">Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_mathematicians" title="List of ancient Greek mathematicians">Mathematicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_philosophers" title="List of ancient Greek philosophers">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_playwrights" title="List of ancient Greek playwrights">Playwrights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_poets" title="List of ancient Greek poets">Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sages_of_Greece" title="Seven Sages of Greece">Seven Sages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_writers" title="List of ancient Greek writers">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaxagoras" title="Anaxagoras">Anaxagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaximander" title="Anaximander">Anaximander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaximenes_of_Miletus" title="Anaximenes of Miletus">Anaximenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisthenes" title="Antisthenes">Antisthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democritus" title="Democritus">Democritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes" title="Diogenes">Diogenes of Sinope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empedocles" title="Empedocles">Empedocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicurus" title="Epicurus">Epicurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgias" title="Gorgias">Gorgias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclitus" title="Heraclitus">Heraclitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypatia" title="Hypatia">Hypatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucippus" title="Leucippus">Leucippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmenides" title="Parmenides">Parmenides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protagoras" title="Protagoras">Protagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thales_of_Miletus" title="Thales of Miletus">Thales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Elea" title="Zeno of Elea">Zeno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Authors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesop" title="Aesop">Aesop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcaeus_of_Mytilene" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcaeus of Mytilene">Alcaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archilochus" title="Archilochus">Archilochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacchylides" title="Bacchylides">Bacchylides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipponax" title="Hipponax">Hipponax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibycus" title="Ibycus">Ibycus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander" title="Menander">Menander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimnermus" title="Mimnermus">Mimnermus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyassis" title="Panyassis">Panyassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philocles" title="Philocles">Philocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappho" title="Sappho">Sappho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simonides_of_Ceos" title="Simonides of Ceos">Simonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stesichorus" title="Stesichorus">Stesichorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theognis_of_Megara" title="Theognis of Megara">Theognis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timocreon" title="Timocreon">Timocreon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrtaeus" title="Tyrtaeus">Tyrtaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Athenian_statesmen" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient Athenian statesmen">Athenian statesmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_lawgivers" title="List of ancient Greek lawgivers">Lawgivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Olympic_victors" title="List of ancient Olympic victors">Olympic victors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_tyrants" title="List of ancient Greek tyrants">Tyrants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_tribes" title="List of ancient Greek tribes">Ancient Greek tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thracian_Greeks" title="List of Thracian Greeks">Thracian Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Macedonians" title="List of ancient Macedonians">Ancient Macedonians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="SocietyCulture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Culture</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_ancient_Greece" title="Agriculture in ancient Greece">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_calendars" title="Ancient Greek calendars">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Greece" title="Clothing in ancient Greece">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_coinage" title="Ancient Greek coinage">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_ancient_Greece" title="Economy of ancient Greece">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paideia" title="Paideia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emporium_(antiquity)" title="Emporium (antiquity)">Emporium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euergetism" title="Euergetism">Euergetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_festivals" title="Athenian festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_folklore" title="Ancient Greek folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Greece" title="Homosexuality in ancient Greece">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_law" title="Ancient Greek law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pederasty_in_ancient_Greece" title="Pederasty in ancient Greece">Pederasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_ancient_Greece" title="Prostitution in ancient Greece">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Greece" title="Slavery in ancient Greece">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_ancient_Greece" title="Marriage in ancient Greece">Wedding customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece_and_wine" title="Ancient Greece and wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Arts</a> and science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture" title="Ancient Greek architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival architecture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_astronomy" title="Ancient Greek astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mathematics" title="Greek mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_medicine" title="Ancient Greek medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_ancient_Greece" title="Music of ancient Greece">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_system_of_ancient_Greece" title="Musical system of ancient Greece">Musical system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece" title="Pottery of ancient Greece">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_sculpture" title="Ancient Greek sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_technology" title="Ancient Greek technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Greece" title="Theatre of ancient Greece">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_funeral_and_burial_practices" title="Ancient Greek funeral and burial practices">Funeral and burial practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Mythology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_figures" title="List of Greek mythological figures">mythological figures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">Underworld</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Sacred places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleusis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dion,_Pieria" title="Dion, Pieria">Dion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_Treasury" title="Athenian Treasury">Athenian Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Gate" title="Lion Gate">Lion Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Walls" title="Long Walls">Long Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippeion" title="Philippeion">Philippeion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Dionysus" title="Theatre of Dionysus">Theatre of Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_of_Eupalinos" title="Tunnel of Eupalinos">Tunnel of Eupalinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">Temples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Aphaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Aphaea">Aphaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Athena_Nike" title="Temple of Athena Nike">Athena Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erechtheion" title="Erechtheion">Erechtheion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hephaestus" title="Temple of Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hera,_Olympia" title="Temple of Hera, Olympia">Hera, Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samothrace_temple_complex" title="Samothrace temple complex">Samothrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Zeus,_Olympia" title="Temple of Zeus, Olympia">Zeus, Olympia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Greek_language" title="Proto-Greek language">Proto-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Greek" title="Homeric Greek">Homeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_dialects" title="Ancient Greek dialects">Dialects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Aeolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadocypriot_Greek" title="Arcadocypriot Greek">Arcadocypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Greek" title="Doric Greek">Doric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirote_Greek" title="Epirote Greek">Epirote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrian_Greek" title="Locrian Greek">Locrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_language" title="Ancient Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphylian_Greek" title="Pamphylian Greek">Pamphylian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Greek_alphabet" title="History of the Greek alphabet">Writing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot syllabary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">Greek numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic numerals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Greek_colonisation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_colonisation" title="Greek colonisation">Greek colonisation</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainland<br />Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lecce" title="Lecce">Alision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brindisi" title="Brindisi">Brentesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caulonia_(ancient_city)" title="Caulonia (ancient city)">Caulonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casabona" title="Casabona">Chone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotone" title="Crotone">Croton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumae" title="Cumae">Cumae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velia" title="Velia">Elea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Lucania" title="Heraclea Lucania">Heraclea Lucania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibo_Valentia" title="Vibo Valentia">Hipponion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otranto" title="Otranto">Hydrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krimisa" title="Krimisa">Krimisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%BCs" title="Laüs">Laüs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locri" title="Locri">Locri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medma" title="Medma">Medma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metauros" title="Metauros">Metauros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapontum" title="Metapontum">Metapontion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Neápolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandosia_(Lucania)" title="Pandosia (Lucania)">Pandosia (Lucania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Poseidonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policastro_Bussentino" title="Policastro Bussentino">Pixous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Rhegion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylletium" title="Scylletium">Scylletium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siris_(Magna_Graecia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siris (Magna Graecia)">Siris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybaris" title="Sybaris">Sybaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybaris_on_the_Traeis" title="Sybaris on the Traeis">Sybaris on the Traeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terina_(ancient_city)" title="Terina (ancient city)">Terina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurii" title="Thurii">Thurii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrigento" title="Agrigento">Akragas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrai" title="Akrai">Akrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrillai" title="Akrillai">Akrillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Sicily)" title="Apollonia (Sicily)">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caronia" title="Caronia">Calacte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casmenae" title="Casmenae">Casmenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gela" title="Gela">Gela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helorus" title="Helorus">Helorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enna" title="Enna">Henna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himera" title="Himera">Himera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybla_Gereatis" title="Hybla Gereatis">Hybla Gereatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybla_Heraea" title="Hybla Heraea">Hybla Heraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarina,_Sicily" title="Kamarina, Sicily">Kamarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentini" title="Lentini">Leontinoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megara_Hyblaea" title="Megara Hyblaea">Megara Hyblaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxos_(Sicily)" title="Naxos (Sicily)">Naxos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segesta" title="Segesta">Segesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taormina" title="Taormina">Tauromenion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciacca" title="Sciacca">Thermae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindari" title="Tindari">Tyndaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Islands" title="Aeolian Islands">Aeolian Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salina,_Sicily" title="Salina, Sicily">Didyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panarea" title="Panarea">Euonymos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicudi" title="Alicudi">Ereikousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiluzzo" title="Basiluzzo">Hycesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipari" title="Lipari">Lipara/Meligounis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filicudi" title="Filicudi">Phoenicusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromboli" title="Stromboli">Strongyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcano" title="Vulcano">Therassía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayda,_Libya" title="Bayda, Libya">Balagrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barca_(ancient_city)" title="Barca (ancient city)">Barca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Berenice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apollonia,_Cyrenaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia, Cyrenaica">Apollonia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemais,_Cyrenaica" title="Ptolemais, Cyrenaica">Ptolemais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucentum" title="Lucentum">Akra Leuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villajoyosa" title="Villajoyosa">Alonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%BAries" title="Empúries">Emporion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elche" title="Elche">Helike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9nia" title="Dénia">Hemeroscopion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aljaraque" title="Aljaraque">Kalathousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mart%C3%AD_d%27Emp%C3%BAries" title="Sant Martí d'Empúries">Kypsela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainake_(Greek_settlement)" title="Mainake (Greek settlement)">Mainake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa" title="El Puerto de Santa María">Menestheus's Limin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Pola" title="Santa Pola">Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roses,_Girona" class="mw-redirect" title="Roses, Girona">Rhode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salou" title="Salou">Salauris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagunto" title="Sagunto">Zacynthos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspalathos" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspalathos">Aspalathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Illyria)" title="Apollonia (Illyria)">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB#Early_history" title="Vlorë">Aulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidamnos" title="Epidamnos">Epidamnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidaurum" title="Epidaurum">Epidauros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issa_(polis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Issa (polis)">Issa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaina_Korkyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Melaina Korkyra">Melaina Korkyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeum_(Illyria)" title="Nymphaeum (Illyria)">Nymphaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricum" title="Oricum">Orikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharos_(polis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharos (polis)">Pharos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragurion" class="mw-redirect" title="Tragurion">Tragurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thronion_(Illyria)" title="Thronion (Illyria)">Thronion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a><br />basin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North<br />coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akra_(Crimmerian_Bosporus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akra (Crimmerian Bosporus)">Akra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berezan_Island" title="Berezan Island">Borysthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charax,_Crimea" title="Charax, Crimea">Charax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chersonesus" title="Chersonesus">Chersonesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Dioscurias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapa" title="Anapa">Gorgippia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tmutarakan" title="Tmutarakan">Hermonassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalos_Limen" title="Kalos Limen">Kalos Limen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepoi" title="Kepoi">Kepoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevpatoria" title="Yevpatoria">Kerkinitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimmerikon" title="Kimmerikon">Kimmerikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmekion" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrmekion">Myrmekion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikonion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikonion">Nikonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaion_(Crimea)" title="Nymphaion (Crimea)">Nymphaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olbia_(Pontic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olbia (Pontic)">Olbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantikapaion" title="Pantikapaion">Pantikapaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanagoria" title="Phanagoria">Phanagoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitsunda" title="Pitsunda">Pityus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanais" title="Tanais">Tanais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feodosia" title="Feodosia">Theodosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyras" title="Tyras">Tyras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyritake" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyritake">Tyritake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South<br />coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abonoteichos" title="Abonoteichos">Abonoteichos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsun" title="Samsun">Amisos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomorie" title="Pomorie">Anchialos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sozopol" title="Sozopol">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazar,_Rize" title="Pazar, Rize">Athina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Bathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balchik" title="Balchik">Dionysopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordu" title="Ordu">Cotyora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytorus" title="Cytorus">Cytorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupatoria_(Pontus)" title="Eupatoria (Pontus)">Eupatoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Pontica" title="Heraclea Pontica">Heraclea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giresun" title="Giresun">Kerasous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesebar" title="Nesebar">Mesambria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varna,_Bulgaria" title="Varna, Bulgaria">Odessos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cnye" title="Ünye">Oinòe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phasis_(town)" title="Phasis (town)">Phasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatsa" title="Fatsa">Polemonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rize" title="Rize">Rhizos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1y%C4%B1k%C3%B6y" title="Kıyıköy">Salmydessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasra" title="Amasra">Sesamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinop,_Turkey" title="Sinop, Turkey">Sinope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terme" title="Terme">Thèrmae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tium" title="Tium">Tium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trapezous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripolis_(Pontus)" title="Tripolis (Pontus)">Tripolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaliche" title="Zaliche">Zaliche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_cities" title="List of ancient Greek cities">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_ancient_Epirus" title="List of cities in ancient Epirus">in Epirus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greeks" title="List of ancient Greeks">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_place_names" title="List of Greek place names">Place names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stoae" title="List of stoae">Stoae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ancient_Greek_temples" title="List of Ancient Greek temples">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_theatres" title="List of ancient Greek theatres">Theatres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greece" title="Category:Ancient Greece">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Greece" title="Portal:Ancient Greece">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_ancient_Greece" title="Outline of ancient Greece">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34374#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34374#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34374#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/237254468">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/151226384">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4073791-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79150324">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628446">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kréta (Řecko : ostrov)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134296&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX450789">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=7325">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557250905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/3888f266-c83f-4d2a-8370-09e8b93c9086">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1001897">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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