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<li id="toc-Medical_cover" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_cover"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Medical cover </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_cover-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attendees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attendees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Attendees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attendees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-attendees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-attendees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Non-attendees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-attendees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ratchet_mechanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ratchet_mechanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Ratchet mechanism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ratchet_mechanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outcomes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outcomes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Outcomes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outcomes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negotiations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negotiations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Negotiations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Negotiations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Negotiations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Negotiations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deforestation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deforestation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Deforestation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deforestation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Article_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Article_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Article 6 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Article_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Finance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Coal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Methane </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Net-zero_targets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Net-zero_targets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Net-zero targets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Net-zero_targets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Adaptation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socioeconomic_transformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socioeconomic_transformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8 Socioeconomic transformation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socioeconomic_transformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8.1 Agriculture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8.2 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fossil_fuels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fossil_fuels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8.3 Fossil fuels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fossil_fuels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beforehand_and_at_the_outset" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beforehand_and_at_the_outset"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Beforehand and at the outset </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beforehand_and_at_the_outset-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Event_organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Event_organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Event organisation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Event_organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Further criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misinformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misinformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Misinformation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misinformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Results </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" > 34 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%8A_2021" title="مؤتمر الأمم المتحدة للتغير المناخي 2021 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مؤتمر الأمم المتحدة للتغير المناخي 2021" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B1_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="۲۰۲۱ بیرلشمیش میلتلر ایقلیم دییشیکلیگی کونفرانسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۲۰۲۱ بیرلشمیش میلتلر ایقلیم دییشیکلیگی کونفرانسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konferencija_Ujedinjenih_nacija_o_klimatskim_promjenama_2021." title="Konferencija Ujedinjenih nacija o klimatskim promjenama 2021. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Konferencija Ujedinjenih nacija o klimatskim promjenama 2021." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confer%C3%A8ncia_de_les_Nacions_Unides_sobre_el_Canvi_Clim%C3%A0tic_de_2021" title="Conferència de les Nacions Unides sobre el Canvi Climàtic de 2021 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Conferència de les Nacions Unides sobre el Canvi Climàtic de 2021" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konference_OSN_o_zm%C4%9Bn%C4%9B_klimatu_2021_v_Glasgow" title="Konference OSN o změně klimatu 2021 v Glasgow – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Konference OSN o změně klimatu 2021 v Glasgow" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynhadledd_Newid_Hinsawdd_y_Cenhedloedd_Unedig_2021" title="Cynhadledd Newid Hinsawdd y Cenhedloedd Unedig 2021 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cynhadledd Newid Hinsawdd y Cenhedloedd Unedig 2021" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN-Klimakonferenz_in_Glasgow_2021" title="UN-Klimakonferenz in Glasgow 2021 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="UN-Klimakonferenz in Glasgow 2021" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow%27_kliimakonverents" title="Glasgow' kliimakonverents – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Glasgow' kliimakonverents" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conferencia_de_las_Naciones_Unidas_sobre_el_Cambio_Clim%C3%A1tico_de_2021" title="Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático de 2021 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático de 2021" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgova_Klimatkonferenco_de_la_Unui%C4%9Dintaj_Nacioj_de_2021" title="Glasgova Klimatkonferenco de la Unuiĝintaj Nacioj de 2021 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Glasgova Klimatkonferenco de la Unuiĝintaj Nacioj de 2021" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima_Aldaketari_buruzko_Nazio_Batuen_2021eko_Konferentzia" title="Klima Aldaketari buruzko Nazio Batuen 2021eko Konferentzia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Klima Aldaketari buruzko Nazio Batuen 2021eko Konferentzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%BA%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B1" title="کنفرانس تغییرات اقلیمی سازمان ملل متحد ۲۰۲۱ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنفرانس تغییرات اقلیمی سازمان ملل متحد ۲۰۲۱" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conf%C3%A9rence_de_Glasgow_de_2021_sur_les_changements_climatiques" title="Conférence de Glasgow de 2021 sur les changements climatiques – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Conférence de Glasgow de 2021 sur les changements climatiques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comhdh%C3%A1il_na_N%C3%A1isi%C3%BAn_Aontaithe_maidir_leis_an_athr%C3%BA_aer%C3%A1ide,_2021_(COP26)" title="Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an athrú aeráide, 2021 (COP26) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an athrú aeráide, 2021 (COP26)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/COP26" title="COP26 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="COP26" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D4%B1%D4%BF-%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BE_(2021)" title="ՄԱԿ-ի կլիմայի փոփոխության համաժողով (2021) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ՄԱԿ-ի կլիմայի փոփոխության համաժողով (2021)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konferensi_Perubahan_Iklim_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa_2021" title="Konferensi Perubahan Iklim Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa 2021 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konferensi Perubahan Iklim Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa 2021" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXVI_Conferenza_delle_Parti_dell%27UNFCCC" title="XXVI Conferenza delle Parti dell'UNFCCC – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="XXVI Conferenza delle Parti dell'UNFCCC" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaatconferentie_van_Glasgow_2021" title="Klimaatconferentie van Glasgow 2021 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Klimaatconferentie van Glasgow 2021" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC26%E5%9B%9E%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95%E6%9E%A0%E7%B5%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84%E7%B7%A0%E7%B4%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0" title="第26回気候変動枠組条約締約国会議 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第26回気候変動枠組条約締約国会議" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&params=55_51_40_N_04_17_17_W_region:GB">55°51′40″N 04°17′17″W / 55.86111°N 4.28806°W / 55.86111; -4.28806</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">26th UN Climate Change conference held in Glasgow, Scotland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:COP26_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/COP26_Logo.svg/240px-COP26_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/COP26_Logo.svg/360px-COP26_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/COP26_Logo.svg/480px-COP26_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="116" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">31 October – 13 November 2021 (2021-10-31 – 2021-11-13)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/SEC_Centre" title="SEC Centre">SEC Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&params=55_51_40_N_04_17_17_W_region:GB">55°51′40″N 04°17′17″W / 55.86111°N 4.28806°W / 55.86111; -4.28806</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Also known as</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">COP26 (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">UNFCCC</a>) CMP16 (<a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a>) CMA3 (<a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organised by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/President_for_COP26" class="mw-redirect" title="President for COP26">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Alok_Sharma" title="Alok Sharma">Alok Sharma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Previous event</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference">← Madrid 2019</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Next event</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/2022_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference">→ Sharm El Sheikh 2022</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukcop26.org/">ukcop26.org</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68580968#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference, more commonly referred to as COP26, was the 26th <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Climate_Change_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Climate Change conference">United Nations Climate Change conference</a>, held at the <a href="/wiki/SEC_Centre" title="SEC Centre">SEC Centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, from 31 October to 13 November 2021. The <a href="/wiki/President_for_COP26" class="mw-redirect" title="President for COP26">president of the conference</a> was UK cabinet minister <a href="/wiki/Alok_Sharma" title="Alok Sharma">Alok Sharma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eciu-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-govuk-newdates-2">[2]</a> Delayed for a year due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:1-3">[3]</a> it was the 26th <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_the_parties" title="Conference of the parties">Conference of the Parties</a> (COP) to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change</a> (UNFCCC), the third meeting of the parties to the 2015 <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a> (designated <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2016 United Nations Climate Change Conference">CMA1</a>, <a href="/wiki/2017_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference">CMA2</a>, CMA3), and the 16th meeting of the parties to the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a> (CMP16). The conference was the first since the Paris Agreement of <a href="/wiki/2015_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP21</a> that expected parties to make enhanced commitments towards <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">mitigating climate change</a>; the Paris Agreement requires parties to carry out a process colloquially known as the '<a href="#Ratchet_mechanism">ratchet mechanism</a>' every five years to provide improved <a href="/wiki/Nationally_determined_contribution" title="Nationally determined contribution">national pledges</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a> The result of COP26 was the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Climate_Pact" title="Glasgow Climate Pact">Glasgow Climate Pact</a>, negotiated through consensus of the representatives of the 197 attending parties. Owing to late interventions from India and China that weakened a move to end <a href="/wiki/Coal_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal power">coal power</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_subsidies" title="Fossil fuel subsidies">fossil fuel subsidies</a>, the conference ended with the adoption of a less stringent resolution than some anticipated.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Nevertheless, the pact was the first climate deal to explicitly commit to <a href="/wiki/Coal_phase-out" title="Coal phase-out">reducing the use of coal</a>. It included wording that encouraged more urgent <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a> cuts and promised more <a href="/wiki/Climate_finance" title="Climate finance">climate finance</a> for <a href="/wiki/Developing_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing countries">developing countries</a> to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_adaptation" title="Climate change adaptation">adapt to climate impacts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> In the midst of the conference, on 6 November 2021, a march against inadequate action at the conference, as well as for other climate change-related issues, became the largest protest in Glasgow since <a href="/wiki/15_February_2003_anti-war_protests" title="15 February 2003 anti-war protests">anti-Iraq War marches in 2003</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Nov6-8">[8]</a> Additional rallies took place in 100 other countries. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidency">Presidency</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Presidency">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boris_Johnson_and_Giuseppe_Conte_at_the_launch_of_COP26.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Boris_Johnson_and_Giuseppe_Conte_at_the_launch_of_COP26.jpg/220px-Boris_Johnson_and_Giuseppe_Conte_at_the_launch_of_COP26.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Boris_Johnson_and_Giuseppe_Conte_at_the_launch_of_COP26.jpg/330px-Boris_Johnson_and_Giuseppe_Conte_at_the_launch_of_COP26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Boris_Johnson_and_Giuseppe_Conte_at_the_launch_of_COP26.jpg/440px-Boris_Johnson_and_Giuseppe_Conte_at_the_launch_of_COP26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2810" /></a><figcaption>Italian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a> (left) and UK Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> (right) in London at the launch of COP26 in February 2020, prior to it being postponed a year</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel,_Mr._Naftali_Bennett,_in_Glasgow,_Scotland_on_November_02,_2021_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_Mr._Naftali_Bennett%2C_in_Glasgow%2C_Scotland_on_November_02%2C_2021_%282%29.jpg/220px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_Mr._Naftali_Bennett%2C_in_Glasgow%2C_Scotland_on_November_02%2C_2021_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_Mr._Naftali_Bennett%2C_in_Glasgow%2C_Scotland_on_November_02%2C_2021_%282%29.jpg/330px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_Mr._Naftali_Bennett%2C_in_Glasgow%2C_Scotland_on_November_02%2C_2021_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_Mr._Naftali_Bennett%2C_in_Glasgow%2C_Scotland_on_November_02%2C_2021_%282%29.jpg/440px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_Mr._Naftali_Bennett%2C_in_Glasgow%2C_Scotland_on_November_02%2C_2021_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Naftali Bennet</a> and Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> at COP26</figcaption></figure> The United Kingdom holds the presidency of COP26 until the start of <a href="/wiki/COP27" class="mw-redirect" title="COP27">COP27</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Initially, the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Business,_Energy_and_Industrial_Strategy" title="Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy">Minister of State for Energy and Clean Growth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claire_Perry" class="mw-redirect" title="Claire Perry">Claire Perry</a>, was appointed as president of the conference, but she was removed on 31 January 2020, several months after she had stepped down as an <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Foreign Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a> declined to take the role.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> On 13 February 2020, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Business,_Energy_and_Industrial_Strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy">Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Alok_Sharma" title="Alok Sharma">Alok Sharma</a> was appointed.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> On 8 January 2021, Sharma was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Kwasi_Kwarteng" title="Kwasi Kwarteng">Kwasi Kwarteng</a> as Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Secretary and moved to the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Office" title="Cabinet Office">Cabinet Office</a>, in order to focus on the presidency full-time.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nigel_Topping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nigel Topping (page does not exist)">Nigel Topping</a>, the former CEO of climate change action organization We Mean Business, was appointed the UK Government's High Level Climate Action Champion for COP26.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Italy partnered with the UK in leading COP26. For the most part, their role was in preparatory work such as the hosting of a pre-COP session and an event for young people called Youth4Climate 2020: Driving Ambition. These events took place between 28 September and 2 October 2020 in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postponement">Postponement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Postponement">edit</a>]</div> Because of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, in April 2020 the conference was postponed to 31 October – 12 November 2021.<a href="#cite_note-:1-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Both host countries, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">UK</a>, were heavily affected by the pandemic, and the venue of the conference, the SEC Centre in Glasgow, was converted in May 2020 into a <a href="/wiki/NHS_Louisa_Jordan" title="NHS Louisa Jordan">temporary hospital</a> for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland">COVID-19 patients in Scotland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Convention Secretary <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Espinosa" title="Patricia Espinosa">Patricia Espinosa</a> tweeted that "in light of the ongoing, worldwide effects of COVID-19, holding an ambitious, inclusive, COP26 in November 2020 is not possible."<a href="#cite_note-:2-20">[20]</a> She also indicated that economies restarting would be an opportunity to "shape the 21st-century economy in ways that are clean, green, healthy, just, safe and more resilient."<a href="#cite_note-:2-20">[20]</a> The rearranged date was announced in May 2020.<a href="#cite_note-govuk-newdates-2">[2]</a> Earlier in 2021, the UK and Italy hosted summits of the <a href="/wiki/47th_G7_summit" title="47th G7 summit">G7</a> and <a href="/wiki/2021_G20_Rome_summit" title="2021 G20 Rome summit">G20</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Independent observers noted that though not directly related, the postponement gave the international community time to respond to the outcome of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">United States presidential election</a>, held in November 2020.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement">had withdrawn the United States</a> from the Paris Agreement, although this could not take effect until the day after the election; while his <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> challengers pledged to immediately rejoin and increase ambition to reduce <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wapost_biden_rejoin-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> did so upon being elected as president.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> At the conference, Biden apologized for Trump's withdrawal from the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sponsors">Sponsors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sponsors">edit</a>]</div> Previous summits have been sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuel industry">fossil fuel companies</a>. To reduce this influence, the UK government decided that sponsors "have to have real commitments in place to help them reach <a href="/wiki/Carbon_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon neutrality">net zero</a> in the near future".<a href="#cite_note-:3-27">[27]</a> The first principal partners included three British energy companies and a banking and insurance company.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location_and_participation">Location and participation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Location and participation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_leaders_sign_joint_statement_at_COP26_(51649202102).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/International_leaders_sign_joint_statement_at_COP26_%2851649202102%29.jpg/220px-International_leaders_sign_joint_statement_at_COP26_%2851649202102%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/International_leaders_sign_joint_statement_at_COP26_%2851649202102%29.jpg/330px-International_leaders_sign_joint_statement_at_COP26_%2851649202102%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/International_leaders_sign_joint_statement_at_COP26_%2851649202102%29.jpg/440px-International_leaders_sign_joint_statement_at_COP26_%2851649202102%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6693" data-file-height="5259" /></a><figcaption>From left to right: Bangladeshi Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a>, Estonian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Kaja_Kallas" title="Kaja Kallas">Kaja Kallas</a>, Tanzanian President <a href="/wiki/Samia_Suluhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Samia Suluhu">Samia Suluhu</a> and Scottish First Minister <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Sturgeon" title="Nicola Sturgeon">Nicola Sturgeon</a> at COP26</figcaption></figure> Before the summit councils in and around Glasgow pledged to plant 18 million trees during the following decade: the Clyde Climate Forest (CCF) is projected to increase tree coverage in the urban areas of the Greater Glasgow region to 20%.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In September 2021, the conference was urged by <a href="/wiki/Climate_Action_Network" title="Climate Action Network">Climate Action Network</a> to ensure attendees would be able to attend in spite of <a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a>. In the months before the conference, the British government had <a href="/wiki/The_Health_Protection_(Coronavirus,_International_Travel_and_Operator_Liability)_(England)_Regulations_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="The Health Protection (Coronavirus, International Travel and Operator Liability) (England) Regulations 2021">restrictions on travel from certain countries</a> in place, and <a href="/wiki/COVID_passports_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID passports in the United Kingdom">COVID passports</a> were required in certain venues. Critics suggested unequal <a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">deployment of COVID-19 vaccines</a> worldwide could exclude the participation of representatives of poorer countries most affected by climate change.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The UK subsequently relaxed travel rules for delegations.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Only four Pacific Islands nations sent delegations due to COVID-19 travel restrictions, with most island nations compelled to send smaller teams than they otherwise would have.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Organizers have in place numerous COVID-19 rules for attendees, dependent on vaccination status.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> On 4 June 2021, a nighttime light projection onto the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Tolbooth" title="Glasgow Tolbooth">Tolbooth Steeple</a> was installed, under the <a href="/wiki/Climate_Clock" title="Climate Clock">Climate Clock</a> initiative. The projected Deadline and Lifeline statistics count the time window before <a href="/wiki/Special_Report_on_Global_Warming_of_1.5_%C2%B0C" title="Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C">1.5 °C warming</a> would become inevitable, and the percentage of <a href="/wiki/World_energy_supply_and_consumption" title="World energy supply and consumption">global energy</a> delivered through <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewables</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The Scottish Events Campus (SEC), known as the Blue Zone, temporarily became United Nations territory: the other main venue is the Green Zone at <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Science_Centre" title="Glasgow Science Centre">Glasgow Science Centre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The summit was described as receiving "the cleanest electricity in the UK", as 70% was supplied from <a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-carbon power">low-carbon</a> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a> from plants in <a href="/wiki/Torness_nuclear_power_station" title="Torness nuclear power station">Torness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunterston_B_nuclear_power_station" title="Hunterston B nuclear power station">Hunterston B</a>, while the rest mostly came from <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind power</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_cover">Medical cover</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Medical cover">edit</a>]</div> The provision of medical services for the event was provided by <a href="/wiki/BASICS_Scotland" title="BASICS Scotland">BASICS Scotland</a>, Amvale Medical and the Scottish Ambulance Service. The medical centre was visited by both Scottish National Clinical Director <a href="/wiki/Jason_Leitch" title="Jason Leitch">Jason Leitch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_for_NHS_Recovery,_Health_and_Social_Care" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretary for NHS Recovery, Health and Social Care">Scottish Health Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Humza_Yousaf" title="Humza Yousaf">Humza Yousaf</a> during the conference.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attendees">Attendees</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Attendees">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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.trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_at_COP26.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/President_Joe_Biden_at_COP26.jpg/200px-President_Joe_Biden_at_COP26.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/President_Joe_Biden_at_COP26.jpg/300px-President_Joe_Biden_at_COP26.jpg 1.5x, 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COP26_Behind_the_Scenes_%28cop26_0244%29_%2851648113330%29.jpg/400px-COP26_Behind_the_Scenes_%28cop26_0244%29_%2851648113330%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5488" data-file-height="3658" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Indonesian attendees in traditional dress, on the first day of the conference</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Bilateral_Meeting_Damilola_Ogunbiyi_(cop26_0065)_(51646992314).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bilateral_Meeting_Damilola_Ogunbiyi_%28cop26_0065%29_%2851646992314%29.jpg/200px-Bilateral_Meeting_Damilola_Ogunbiyi_%28cop26_0065%29_%2851646992314%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bilateral_Meeting_Damilola_Ogunbiyi_%28cop26_0065%29_%2851646992314%29.jpg/300px-Bilateral_Meeting_Damilola_Ogunbiyi_%28cop26_0065%29_%2851646992314%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bilateral_Meeting_Damilola_Ogunbiyi_%28cop26_0065%29_%2851646992314%29.jpg/400px-Bilateral_Meeting_Damilola_Ogunbiyi_%28cop26_0065%29_%2851646992314%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5371" data-file-height="3581" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">IAEA</a> Director General <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Grossi" title="Rafael Grossi">Rafael Mariano Grossi</a> meeting with CEO and Special Representative of the <a href="/wiki/UNSG" class="mw-redirect" title="UNSG">UNSG</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable Energy">Sustainable Energy</a> for all and Co-Chair on UN Energy <a href="/wiki/Damilola_Ogunbiyi" title="Damilola Ogunbiyi">Damilola Ogunbiyi</a></div></div></div></div></div> Twenty-five thousand delegates from nearly 200 countries were expected to attend,<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> and around 120 <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">heads of state</a> came.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Among the attendees were UN secretary-general <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a>, United States president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, Canadian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>, Dutch prime minister <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a>, Egyptian president <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a>, European Commission president <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a>, French president <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>, German chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a>, Spanish prime minister <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a>, Indian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>, Indonesian president <a href="/wiki/Joko_Widodo" title="Joko Widodo">Joko Widodo</a>, Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Naftali Bennett</a>, Japanese prime minister <a href="/wiki/Fumio_Kishida" title="Fumio Kishida">Fumio Kishida</a>, Nigerian president <a href="/wiki/Muhammadu_Buhari" title="Muhammadu Buhari">Muhammadu Buhari</a>, Polish prime minister <a href="/wiki/Mateusz_Morawiecki" title="Mateusz Morawiecki">Mateusz Morawiecki</a>, Swedish prime minister <a href="/wiki/Stefan_L%C3%B6fven" title="Stefan Löfven">Stefan Löfven</a>, and Ukrainian president <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelensky" class="mw-redirect" title="Volodymyr Zelensky">Volodymyr Zelensky</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Former United States president <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> and English broadcaster and natural historian <a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a>, who was named COP26 People's Advocate, spoke at the summit.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Australian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Scott_Morrison" title="Scott Morrison">Scott Morrison</a> spoke.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Czech prime minister <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Babi%C5%A1" title="Andrej Babiš">Andrej Babiš</a> denounced the proposed <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Fit_for_55" title="Fit for 55">Fit for 55</a> laws, part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Green_Deal" title="European Green Deal">European Green Deal</a>, saying that the bloc "can achieve nothing without the participation of the largest polluters such as China or the USA".<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles, Prince of Wales">Prince Charles</a> addressed the opening ceremony in person.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth</a>, having been advised to rest by doctors, addressed the conference by video message.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> called for a "green industrial revolution" to beat the climate crisis.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The fossil fuel industry was the largest delegation at the conference, with 503 people accredited.<a href="#cite_note-bbc0-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-attendees">Non-attendees</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Non-attendees">edit</a>]</div> In October 2021, China's leader <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> announced he would not be attending the conference in person<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> and instead delivered a written address as the organizers did not provide an opportunity for a video address.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> With <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_China" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by China">greenhouse gas emissions by China</a> being the world's largest, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> said this made it less likely the conference would result in a significant climate deal.<a href="#cite_note-reuters-58">[58]</a> However, a Chinese delegation led by climate change envoy <a href="/wiki/Xie_Zhenhua_(politician)" title="Xie Zhenhua (politician)">Xie Zhenhua</a> did attend.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2021_global_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 global energy crisis">2021 global energy crisis</a> intensified pressures on China ahead of the summit.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> The prime ministers or heads of state of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> also did not attend the meeting.<a href="#cite_note-:6-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> said his non-attendance was due to concerns relating to the COVID-19 pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Iranian president <a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Raisi" title="Ebrahim Raisi">Ebrahim Raisi</a> did not attend;<a href="#cite_note-:6-62">[62]</a> a formal request had been made by <a href="/wiki/Struan_Stevenson" title="Struan Stevenson">Struan Stevenson</a> and Iranian exiles of the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Resistance_of_Iran" title="National Council of Resistance of Iran">National Council of Resistance of Iran</a> to the Scotland police, to arrest Raisi for <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a> if he attended based on the legal concept of <a href="/wiki/Universal_jurisdiction" title="Universal jurisdiction">universal jurisdiction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Saudi crown prince <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a> also did not attend the summit.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Brazilian president <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a>, who faced international condemnation over rising <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_rainforest" title="Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest">deforestation of the Amazon rainforest</a>,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> also decided not to attend the summit personally.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The non-attendance of both Putin and Xi received criticism from U.S. president Joe Biden<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> and former American president Barack Obama.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> were entirely absent; both countries had their UN-recognized governments ousted militarily in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The Myanmar <a href="/wiki/Tatmadaw" title="Tatmadaw">military junta</a> was blocked from entry to the summit.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Six exiled Afghan climate experts had their applications rejected by the UNFCCC.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Additionally, the island nation of <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> did not send participants, while fellow island nations <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> registered but did not send a delegation.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ratchet_mechanism">Ratchet mechanism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ratchet mechanism">edit</a>]</div> Under the Paris Agreement, countries submitted pledges called <a href="/wiki/Nationally_Determined_Contributions" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationally Determined Contributions">nationally determined contributions</a>, to limit their <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gas</a> emissions. Under the framework of the Paris Agreement, each country is expected to submit enhanced nationally determined contributions every five years, to ratchet up the ambition to mitigate climate change.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> When the Paris Agreement was signed at <a href="/wiki/COP21" class="mw-redirect" title="COP21">COP21</a>, the conference of 2020 was set to be the first ratcheting up. Even though the 2020 conference was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, dozens of countries still had not updated their pledges by early October 2021.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Collective progress towards implementation of the Paris Agreement in mitigation, adaptation and finance flows and means of implementation and support will be measured by <a href="/wiki/Global_stocktake" title="Global stocktake">global stocktakes</a>, the first of which is due to be completed in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outcomes">Outcomes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Outcomes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Climate_Pact" title="Glasgow Climate Pact">Glasgow Climate Pact</a></div> On 13 November 2021, the participating 197 countries agreed to a new deal, known as the Glasgow Climate Pact, aimed at staving off dangerous <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The pact "Reaffirms the Paris Agreement temperature goal of holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels" and "Recognizes that limiting global warming to 1.5 °C requires rapid, deep and sustained reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions, including reducing global carbon dioxide emissions by 45 per cent by 2030 relative to the 2010 level and to net zero around midcentury, as well as deep reductions in other greenhouse gases."<a href="#cite_note-Glasgow-83">[83]</a> However, achieving the target is not ensured, as with existing pledges the emissions in the year 2030 will be 14% higher than in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The final agreement explicitly mentions coal, which is the single biggest contributor to climate change. Previous COP agreements have not mentioned coal, <a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">oil</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a>, or even <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuels">fossil fuels</a> in general, as a driver, or major cause of climate change, making the Glasgow Climate Pact the first ever climate deal to explicitly plan to reduce unabated coal power. The wording in the agreement refers to an intention to "phase down" use of unabated coal power, rather than to phase it out.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> From this wording it implicitly follows that utilizing coal power with "abation" (net-zero emission), e.g. by neutralizing the resulting carbon dioxide via the CO2-to-stone process, need not be reduced. However, this <a href="/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage" title="Carbon capture and storage">carbon capture and storage</a> is too expensive for most <a href="/wiki/Coal_fired_power_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal fired power stations">coal fired power stations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Over 140 countries pledged to reach net-zero emissions. This includes 90% of global GDP.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joko_Widodo_at_the_opening_ceremony_of_COP26_(10).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Joko_Widodo_at_the_opening_ceremony_of_COP26_%2810%29.jpg/220px-Joko_Widodo_at_the_opening_ceremony_of_COP26_%2810%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Joko_Widodo_at_the_opening_ceremony_of_COP26_%2810%29.jpg/330px-Joko_Widodo_at_the_opening_ceremony_of_COP26_%2810%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Joko_Widodo_at_the_opening_ceremony_of_COP26_%2810%29.jpg/440px-Joko_Widodo_at_the_opening_ceremony_of_COP26_%2810%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2991" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> President <a href="/wiki/Joko_Widodo" title="Joko Widodo">Joko Widodo</a> promised to end and reverse <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Indonesia" title="Deforestation in Indonesia">deforestation in Indonesia</a> by 2030</figcaption></figure> More than 100 countries, including Brazil, pledged to reverse <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The final text of the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Climate_Pact" title="Glasgow Climate Pact">Glasgow Climate Pact</a> include a call to: "accelerating efforts towards... phase-out of inefficient fossil fuel subsidies".<a href="#cite_note-Glasgow-83">[83]</a> 34 countries with several banks and financial agencies pledged to stop international funding for "unabated fossil fuel energy sector by the end of 2022, except in limited and clearly defined circumstances that are consistent with a 1.5°C warming limit and the goals of the Paris Agreement" and increase financing of more sustainable projects,<a href="#cite_note-ukcop26-89">[89]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>—the main provider of such finances, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>—the biggest financers in <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> More than 40 countries pledged to move away from coal.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> The United States and China reached an agreement about cooperation on measures to stop climate change, including lowering methane emissions, phasing out the use of coal, and forest conservation.<a href="#cite_note-reuters1-92">[92]</a> 39 countries and institutions signed the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Statement" title="Glasgow Statement">Glasgow Statement</a>, an international agreement to shift international public finance away from fossil fuels towards clean energy. If implemented properly, the Glasgow Statement will shift $28 billion per year from fossil fuels to clean energy.<a href="#cite_note-ukcop26-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> India promised to draw half of its energy requirement from renewable sources by 2030 and achieve <a href="/wiki/Carbon_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon neutrality">carbon neutrality</a> by 2070.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Governments of 24 developed countries and a group of major <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">car manufacturers</a> such as GM, Ford, Volvo, BYD Auto, Jaguar Land Rover, and Mercedes-Benz have committed to "work towards all sales of new cars and vans being zero emission globally by 2040, and by no later than 2035 in leading markets".<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Major car manufacturing nations like China, the US, Japan, Germany, and South Korea, as well as Toyota, Volkswagen, Nissan-Renault-Mitsubishi, Stellantis, Honda, and Hyundai had not signed up to the pledge.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> New pledges for financial help for climate change mitigation and adaptation were announced.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Climate_Action_Tracker" title="Climate Action Tracker">Climate Action Tracker</a> on 9 November 2021, described the results as follows: the global temperature will rise by 2.7 °C by the end of the century with current policies. The temperature will rise by 2.4 °C if only the pledges for 2030 are implemented, by 2.1 °C if the long-term targets are also achieved and by 1.8 °C if all the announced targets are fully achieved.<a href="#cite_note-climateactiontracker1-99">[99]</a> The Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (<a href="/wiki/GFANZ" title="GFANZ">GFANZ</a>) announced that financial institutions controlling $130 trillion were now signed up to 'net zero' emissions pledges by 2050.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Negotiations">Negotiations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Negotiations">edit</a>]</div> The world leaders' summit was on 1 and 2 November, with each leader giving a national statement.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> An important goal of the conference organizers is to keep a 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) temperature rise within reach.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> According to the BBC, negotiators who may be key to the dealmaking include <a href="/wiki/Xie_Zhenhua_(politician)" title="Xie Zhenhua (politician)">Xie Zhenhua</a>, Ayman Shasly, <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Ribera" title="Teresa Ribera">Teresa Ribera</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> said it aims to peak CO2 emissions before 2030 and to become <a href="/wiki/Carbon_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon neutrality">carbon neutral</a> by 2060.<a href="#cite_note-guard0-104">[104]</a> It was asked to set a clear earlier date as this would have a very large "positive impact" on the Paris Agreement targets.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-guard0-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Officials later said the 2030 target was something to "strive to" and not something to be ensured.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deforestation">Deforestation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Deforestation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COP26-UNFCCC_(51653176649).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/COP26-UNFCCC_%2851653176649%29.jpg/220px-COP26-UNFCCC_%2851653176649%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/COP26-UNFCCC_%2851653176649%29.jpg/330px-COP26-UNFCCC_%2851653176649%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/COP26-UNFCCC_%2851653176649%29.jpg/440px-COP26-UNFCCC_%2851653176649%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, home to 60% of the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon rainforest</a>, promised to halt and reverse <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> (National Confederation of Industry virtual cast from <a href="/wiki/Brasilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brasilia">Brasilia</a> on 3 September 2021)</figcaption></figure> Leaders of more than 100 countries with around 85% of the world's forests, including <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Deforestation in North America">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Deforestation in Russia">Russia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_United_States" title="Deforestation in the United States">United States</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BBC-Deforestation-109">[109]</a> agreed to end <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> by 2030, improving on a similar 2014 agreement by now including <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Brazil" title="Deforestation in Brazil">Brazil</a>,<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Indonesia" title="Deforestation in Indonesia">Indonesia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> businesses<a href="#cite_note-:7-112">[112]</a> and more financial resources.<a href="#cite_note-:8-113">[113]</a> Signatories of the 2014 agreement, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Declaration_on_Forests" title="New York Declaration on Forests">New York Declaration on Forests</a>, pledged to half deforestation by 2020 and end it by 2030; however, in the 2014–2020 period deforestation increased.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-Deforestation-109">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>'s environment minister <a href="/wiki/Siti_Nurbaya_Bakar" title="Siti Nurbaya Bakar">Siti Nurbaya Bakar</a> stated that "forcing Indonesia to zero deforestation in 2030 is clearly inappropriate and unfair".<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Article_6">Article 6</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Article 6">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement#Mitigation_provisions_and_carbon_markets" title="Paris Agreement">Article 6 of the Paris Agreement</a>, which describes rules for an international <a href="/wiki/Carbon_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon market">carbon market</a> (such as for trees in the deforestation agreement<a href="#cite_note-:7-112">[112]</a>) and other forms of international cooperation, is being discussed as it is the last piece of the rulebook remaining to be finalized.<a href="#cite_note-:4-115">[115]</a> Although the parties have agreed in principle to avoid double counting of emission reduction across more than one country's <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_inventory" title="Greenhouse gas inventory">greenhouse gas inventory</a>, exactly how much double counting will actually occur remains unclear.<a href="#cite_note-:4-115">[115]</a> Carrying forward <a href="/wiki/Clean_Development_Mechanism" title="Clean Development Mechanism">pre-2020 Kyoto carbon credits</a> will be discussed, but is highly unlikely to be agreed.<a href="#cite_note-:5-116">[116]</a> Therefore, Article 6 rules could make a big difference to future emissions.<a href="#cite_note-:5-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finance">Finance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Finance">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Climate_finance" title="Climate finance">Climate finance</a> for <a href="/wiki/Funding_for_climate_change_adaptation" class="mw-redirect" title="Funding for climate change adaptation">adaptation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">mitigation</a> was one of the principal topics of negotiation.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Poor countries want more money for adaptation, whereas donors prefer to finance mitigation as that has a chance of making a profit.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Appointed to the role of Climate Finance Adviser was <a href="/wiki/Mark_Carney" title="Mark Carney">Mark Carney</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Bank_of_England" title="Governor of the Bank of England">Governor of the Bank of England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> The Paris agreement included US$100 billion annually in finance by 2020 for developing countries.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> However, wealthy countries failed to live up to that promise, with members of the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> behind in their commitments and unlikely to reach the agreed amount before 2023.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> A group of large finance companies committed to net zero portfolios and loan books by 2050.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Scotland became the first country to contribute to a <a href="/wiki/Loss_and_damage_(climate_change)" title="Loss and damage (climate change)">loss and damage</a> fund.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ursula_von_der_Leyen_attends_the_2021_UN_Climate_Change_Conference_(24).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ursula_von_der_Leyen_attends_the_2021_UN_Climate_Change_Conference_%2824%29.jpg/220px-Ursula_von_der_Leyen_attends_the_2021_UN_Climate_Change_Conference_%2824%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ursula_von_der_Leyen_attends_the_2021_UN_Climate_Change_Conference_%2824%29.jpg/330px-Ursula_von_der_Leyen_attends_the_2021_UN_Climate_Change_Conference_%2824%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ursula_von_der_Leyen_attends_the_2021_UN_Climate_Change_Conference_%2824%29.jpg/440px-Ursula_von_der_Leyen_attends_the_2021_UN_Climate_Change_Conference_%2824%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption>Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>, European Commission President <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> and US President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> at COP26</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coal">Coal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Coal">edit</a>]</div> South Africa is set to receive $8.5 billion to end its <a href="/wiki/Coal_in_South_Africa" title="Coal in South Africa">reliance on coal</a>, details are sparse regarding capping mines, exports and local community support for the workers in the industry.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Countries including <a href="/wiki/Coal_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal in Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coal_in_Poland" title="Coal in Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coal_in_Ukraine" title="Coal in Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_South_Korea" title="Energy in South Korea">South Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coal_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal in Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coal_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal in Vietnam">Vietnam</a> also agreed to <a href="/wiki/Coal_phase-out" title="Coal phase-out">phase out coal</a> in the 2030s for major economies, and the 2040s for poorer nations.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> These nations include some of the world's most intensive users of coal.<a href="#cite_note-auto-127">[127]</a> However, they do not include the world's largest users of the fuel, <a href="/wiki/Coal_in_China" title="Coal in China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coal_in_India" title="Coal in India">India</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coal_mining_in_the_United_States" title="Coal mining in the United States">the United States of America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-127">[127]</a> Japan is to invest $100 million in the transformation of fossil-fired plants into ones based on <a href="/wiki/Ammonia#Minor_and_emerging_uses" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen fuel">hydrogen fuel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methane">Methane</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Methane">edit</a>]</div> The US and many other countries agreed to limit <a href="/wiki/Methane_emissions" title="Methane emissions">methane emissions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> More than 80 countries signed up to a global methane pledge, agreeing to cut emissions by 30% by the end of the decade. The US and European leaders say tackling the potent greenhouse gas is crucial to keeping warming limited to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F).<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Australia, China, Russia, India and Iran did not sign the deal, but it is hoped more countries will join later.<a href="#cite_note-:8-113">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> demanded <a href="/wiki/Economic_sanctions" title="Economic sanctions">sanction</a> relief on green investment projects for <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Russia" title="Petroleum industry in Russia">energy companies</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a>. Russia's climate envoy Ruslan Edelgeriyev accused Western countries of hypocrisy for urging Russia "to reduce <a href="/wiki/Methane_leakages" class="mw-redirect" title="Methane leakages">methane leakages</a> and yet we have Gazprom under sanctions".<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Net-zero_targets">Net-zero targets</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Net-zero targets">edit</a>]</div> Many attendees committed to <a href="/wiki/Carbon_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon neutrality">net-zero carbon emissions</a>, with India and Japan making specific commitments at the conference. India, <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_carbon_dioxide_emissions" title="List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions">the third-largest emitter of carbon dioxide by jurisdiction</a>, set the latest target date planning to be net-zero by 2070. Japan is to offer up to $10 billion in additional funding to support decarbonization in Asia.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Earlier in October, China—the largest emitter of carbon dioxide by jurisdiction—had committed to net-zero carbon emissions by 2060,<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> and it was believed by the British government that India would issue a similar commitment.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> However, this was the first time that a date for carbon neutrality had been given as part of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_India#Policies_and_legislation" title="Climate change in India">India's climate policy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <a href="/wiki/Green_hydrogen" title="Green hydrogen">Green hydrogen</a> has emerged as one of the major areas where companies can collaborate to help decarbonize hard to abate industries.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fumio_Kishida_met_with_Australian_PM_Morrison_at_the_COP26_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Fumio_Kishida_met_with_Australian_PM_Morrison_at_the_COP26_%282%29.jpg/220px-Fumio_Kishida_met_with_Australian_PM_Morrison_at_the_COP26_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Fumio_Kishida_met_with_Australian_PM_Morrison_at_the_COP26_%282%29.jpg/330px-Fumio_Kishida_met_with_Australian_PM_Morrison_at_the_COP26_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Fumio_Kishida_met_with_Australian_PM_Morrison_at_the_COP26_%282%29.jpg/440px-Fumio_Kishida_met_with_Australian_PM_Morrison_at_the_COP26_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1380" /></a><figcaption>Japanese Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Fumio_Kishida" title="Fumio Kishida">Fumio Kishida</a> and Australian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Scott_Morrison" title="Scott Morrison">Scott Morrison</a> at COP26 </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adaptation">Adaptation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Adaptation">edit</a>]</div> Big city mayors concerned about climate—the <a href="/wiki/C40_Cities_Climate_Leadership_Group" title="C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group">C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group</a>—such as Istanbul Mayor <a href="/wiki/Ekrem_%C4%B0mamo%C4%9Flu" title="Ekrem İmamoğlu">Ekrem İmamoğlu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> called for more urban climate adaptation, especially in low-income countries.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socioeconomic_transformation">Socioeconomic transformation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Socioeconomic transformation">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Agriculture">edit</a>]</div> 45 countries, including the UK, U.S., <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, Vietnam, Philippines, Gabon, Ethiopia, Ghana and <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, pledged to give more than $4 billion for transition to sustainable agriculture. The organization "Slow Food" expressed concern about the effectivity of the spendings, as they concentrate on technological solutions and reforestation in place of "a holistic agroecology that transforms food from a mass-produced commodity into part of a <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_food_system" title="Sustainable food system">sustainable system</a> that works within natural boundaries".<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transportation">Transportation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:390121_-_EUS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/390121_-_EUS.jpg/220px-390121_-_EUS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/390121_-_EUS.jpg/330px-390121_-_EUS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/390121_-_EUS.jpg/440px-390121_-_EUS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Avanti_West_Coast" title="Avanti West Coast">Avanti West Coast</a> <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_390" title="British Rail Class 390">Class 390</a> in COP26 Climate livery departs from <a href="/wiki/Euston_railway_station" title="Euston railway station">London Euston</a>.</figcaption></figure> The conference placed electric vehicles and pledges for vehicle electrification at the centre, including the electric OX truck,<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> while, according to activists, better investment and political will for sustainable transport modes have not been forced through with the focus not being on public transport and cycling.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fossil_fuels">Fossil fuels</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Fossil fuels">edit</a>]</div> A draft text published on 10 November asked governments to accelerate phase-outs and <a href="/wiki/Energy_subsidy" title="Energy subsidy">desubsidization of fossil fuels</a>, the largest source of (anthropogenic) global greenhouse gas emissions,<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> but was opposed by several countries with large fossil fuels based economic sectors.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beforehand_and_at_the_outset">Beforehand and at the outset</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Beforehand and at the outset">edit</a>]</div> Business leaders and politicians including <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a>, Prince Charles, Boris Johnson, Joe Biden and Angela Merkel who travelled to Glasgow in private airplanes were accused of hypocrisy by commentators and campaigners. Event planners, however, insisted that the conference would be carbon-neutral.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Around 400 private jets arrived at Glasgow for the talks.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> In October 2021, the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> reported that a huge leak of documents revealed that <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> were among countries asking the UN to play down the need to move rapidly away from <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuels</a>. It also showed that some wealthy nations (including <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and Australia) were questioning paying more to poorer states to move to <a href="/wiki/Environmental_technology" title="Environmental technology">greener technologies</a>. The BBC reported that the lobbying raised questions for the COP26 climate summit.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> The Australian government has been criticized for hosting a fossil fuel company at the summit, not enhancing its ambitions closer to its capacities, not pledging to reduce methane emissions and not pledging to phase out coal.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> In an interview shortly before the conference, <a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a>, asked how optimistic she was that the conference could achieve anything, responded "Nothing has changed from previous years really. The leaders will say 'we'll do this and we'll do this, and we will put our forces together and achieve this', and then they will do nothing. Maybe some symbolic things and creative accounting and things that don't really have a big impact. We can have as many COPs as we want, but nothing real will come out of it."<a href="#cite_note-hattenstone-158">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> voiced concerns in a private conversation overheard via a <a href="/wiki/Hot_mic" title="Hot mic">hot mic</a>, saying: "It's really irritating when they talk, but they don't do."<a href="#cite_note-reuters-58">[58]</a> COP26 feedback from experts like <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Fernandes" title="Edmond Fernandes">Edmond Fernandes</a>, Fatemeh Rezaei<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> stated that a public health in all policies approach, built on a singular agenda to strengthen risk reduction initiatives, reduce the disease burden and also equip health systems to handle surge capacities will be critical for sustainability.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protests">Protests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Protests">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blah_blah_blah_sign_-_Fridays_for_Future_pre-COP26_Milano,_Lombardy,_Italy_-_2021-10-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Enough blah blah blah sign" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blah_blah_blah_sign_-_Fridays_for_Future_pre-COP26_Milano%2C_Lombardy%2C_Italy_-_2021-10-01.jpg/170px-Blah_blah_blah_sign_-_Fridays_for_Future_pre-COP26_Milano%2C_Lombardy%2C_Italy_-_2021-10-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blah_blah_blah_sign_-_Fridays_for_Future_pre-COP26_Milano%2C_Lombardy%2C_Italy_-_2021-10-01.jpg/255px-Blah_blah_blah_sign_-_Fridays_for_Future_pre-COP26_Milano%2C_Lombardy%2C_Italy_-_2021-10-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blah_blah_blah_sign_-_Fridays_for_Future_pre-COP26_Milano%2C_Lombardy%2C_Italy_-_2021-10-01.jpg/340px-Blah_blah_blah_sign_-_Fridays_for_Future_pre-COP26_Milano%2C_Lombardy%2C_Italy_-_2021-10-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1967" data-file-height="2753" /></a><figcaption>A sign at a <a href="/wiki/Fridays_for_Future" title="Fridays for Future">Fridays for Future</a> protest in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Italy, on 1 October 2021 (basta means 'enough')</figcaption></figure> By 1 November, at the outset of the conference, the climate change activist Greta Thunberg criticized the summit at a protest in Glasgow with members from the organization <a href="/wiki/School_Strike_for_Climate" class="mw-redirect" title="School Strike for Climate">Fridays for Future</a>, saying "This COP26 is so far just like the previous COPs and that has led us nowhere. They have led us nowhere."<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> On 5 November, a <a href="/wiki/Fridays_for_Future" title="Fridays for Future">Fridays for Future</a> protest at which Thunberg spoke gathered thousands of people, largely schoolchildren. Attendees supported more immediate and far-reaching action on climate change. <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_City_Council" title="Glasgow City Council">Glasgow City Council</a> and most neighbouring councils stated that students would not be punished if parents informed their schools of the absence.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> On 6 November—the Global Day of Action for Climate Justice—around 100,000 people joined a march in Glasgow, according to <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, with coaches and group cycle rides organized for participants to travel from around the United Kingdom. The protests were the largest in Glasgow since <a href="/wiki/15_February_2003_anti-war_protests" title="15 February 2003 anti-war protests">anti-Iraq War marches in 2003</a>. A London march drew 10,000 people according to police and 20,000 according to organizers.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Nov6-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_Nov6-164">[164]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> anticipated that total participants would number over two million.<a href="#cite_note-Horne-165">[165]</a> An additional 100 marches took place elsewhere in the country, with a total of 300 protests across 100 countries, according to <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_Nov6-164">[164]</a> On 8 November, Fridays for Future activists including <a href="/wiki/Dominika_Lasota" title="Dominika Lasota">Dominika Lasota</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Becker" title="Nicole Becker">Nicole Becker</a> held a protest prior to a speech by former US president <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, arguing that he had failed to fulfill his promise to provide US$100 billion in climate funding to developing countries. The protestors held banners stating, "Show us the money".<a href="#cite_note-CNET_show_us_the_money-166">[166]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Nakate" title="Vanessa Nakate">Vanessa Nakate</a> and indigenous activists gave speeches at Glasgow. Issues highlighted by protesters included putting corporate interests at the forefront and politicians' failure to address the climate emergency with the required urgency as well as its underlying causes. <a href="/wiki/Kahnawake_Mohawk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahnawake Mohawk">Kahnawake Mohawk</a> people, ecology scientists, vegan activists, trade unionists and socialists were present at marches.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Nov6-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_Nov6-164">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Event_organisation">Event organisation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Event organisation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Cop26_(51653407658).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cop26_%2851653407658%29.jpg/200px-Cop26_%2851653407658%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cop26_%2851653407658%29.jpg/300px-Cop26_%2851653407658%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cop26_%2851653407658%29.jpg/400px-Cop26_%2851653407658%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Protesters in Glasgow on 3 October</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:COP26_Global_Day_of_Action_-_Melbourne_(51658363528).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/COP26_Global_Day_of_Action_-_Melbourne_%2851658363528%29.jpg/200px-COP26_Global_Day_of_Action_-_Melbourne_%2851658363528%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/COP26_Global_Day_of_Action_-_Melbourne_%2851658363528%29.jpg/300px-COP26_Global_Day_of_Action_-_Melbourne_%2851658363528%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/COP26_Global_Day_of_Action_-_Melbourne_%2851658363528%29.jpg/400px-COP26_Global_Day_of_Action_-_Melbourne_%2851658363528%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7952" data-file-height="5304" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Protesters in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne, Australia">Melbourne, Australia</a>, on 6 November, the Global Day of Action for <a href="/wiki/Climate_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate Justice">Climate Justice</a></div></div></div></div></div> One intended participant, the Israeli energy minister <a href="/wiki/Karine_Elharrar" title="Karine Elharrar">Karine Elharrar</a>, was unable to attend on 1 November due to <a href="/wiki/Accessibility" title="Accessibility">wheelchair accessibility</a> issues.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> The sustainability of the COP26 menu was criticized by the animal and climate justice group <a href="/wiki/Animal_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal Rebellion">Animal Rebellion</a>, with almost 60% of the menu being meat and dairy based, and <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_from_agriculture" title="Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture">dishes labelled as high-carbon</a> being served at food stands.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> The head of catering at COP26, Lorna Wilson, said that staff had been "working towards" a catering strategy of 95% food from the UK and 5% from abroad. Wilson said the menu was 40% plant-based and 60% vegetarian overall. The event eliminated single-use cups and plastics.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> There was concern about the inclusion and influence of large delegations of industries, particularly big polluting companies, and financial organizations involved in the causes of greenhouse gas emissions at the conference.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc0-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_criticism">Further criticism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further criticism">edit</a>]</div> Further criticisms[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] of the results include that it needs not only commitments but also clear directions for mitigation and adaptation and robust mechanisms put in place for the relevant parties to be held accountable to their commitments.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a> and <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a> found that financial firms are not prevented from making <a href="/wiki/Investment_management" title="Investment management">private investments</a> in fossil fuels,<a href="#cite_note-cnbc1-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc2-174">[174]</a> that there is a lack of focus on and transparency of the quality—rather than quantity or amounts—of pledges,<a href="#cite_note-cnbc1-173">[173]</a> that ending deforestation by 2030 is too late,<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> that countries need to publish comprehensive policy-plans on how they will achieve their targets,<a href="#cite_note-bbc2-174">[174]</a> and that the pledges are not mandatory, with no punishment mechanisms getting established at the conference<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> and apparent content with a "self-regulation" approach for relevant organizations. According to critics, such issues could turn the conference into a "<a href="/wiki/Greenwashing" title="Greenwashing">greenwashing</a>" event of empty promises.<a href="#cite_note-cnbc1-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> There is a criticism about the lack of people from <a href="/wiki/Most_Affected_People_and_Areas" title="Most Affected People and Areas">most affected people and areas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaossara_Sani" title="Kaossara Sani">Kaossara Sani</a> became one of the persons who came from this place and sent her criticism by sending her manifesto to <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> about what happened in <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a> and her criticism to COP26.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> Academicians and practitioners on the field have floated several missing links of COP26 particularly the approach to climate change, disasters and public health consequences stemming from the meeting and how the neglect of healthcare will impact the Asia Pacific Region as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Misinformation">Misinformation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Misinformation">edit</a>]</div> According to the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Strategic_Dialogue" title="Institute for Strategic Dialogue">Institute for Strategic Dialogue</a> and a network of journalism organizations, the COP meeting became a target for climate misinformation, prominently "narratives of delay".<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results">Results</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Results">edit</a>]</div> On 9 November, <a href="/wiki/Climate_Action_Tracker" title="Climate Action Tracker">Climate Action Tracker</a> reported that the global human <a href="/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization">civilization</a> is on track for a 2.7 °C temperature increase <a href="/wiki/Earth_system_science#Climate_science" title="Earth system science">in the Earth system</a> by the end of the century with current policies. The temperature will rise by 2.4 °C if the pledges for 2030 will be implemented, by 2.1 °C if the long-term targets will be implemented also and by 1.8 °C if in addition all the targets in discussion will be fully implemented. Current targets for 2030 remain "totally inadequate". Coal and natural gas consumption are the main cause for the gap between pledges and policies. They assessed pledges by 40 countries that account for 85% of pledged net-zero emissions cuts and found that only polities responsible for 6% of global greenhouse gas emissions—<a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a>, <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>—have pledged a set of targets that they rated to be "acceptable" for comprehensiveness and for having a published detailed official policy‑<a href="/wiki/Plan" title="Plan">plan</a> that describes the steps and ways by which these targets could be realized.<a href="#cite_note-climateactiontracker1-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-stockwell-etal-2021-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-harvey-2021-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-hare-and-hoehne-2021-185">[185]</a> On 10 November, it was reported that the United States and China agreed on a framework to reduce <a href="/wiki/Carbon_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon emissions">carbon emissions</a> by cooperating on measures to lower the use of <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a>, phase out the use of coal and increased <a href="/wiki/Forest_protection" title="Forest protection">protection of forests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-reuters1-92">[92]</a> On 11 November, the <a href="/wiki/Like-Minded_Developing_Countries" title="Like-Minded Developing Countries">Like-Minded Developing Countries</a> (LMDC), a group of 22 countries including China and India, asked for the commitment to <a href="/wiki/Mitigation" title="Mitigation">mitigation</a> to be entirely removed from the draft text, as they apparently <a href="/wiki/Argument" title="Argument">argue</a> that developing countries should not be held to the same deadlines as wealthier nations.<a href="#cite_note-cnn20211111-186">[186]</a> The request was criticized as illogical and self-defeating as it would end up harming people in developing countries the most<a href="#cite_note-cnn20211111-186">[186]</a> and an article in the <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">Daily Beast</a> described the request as an attempt by China to sabotage the draft commitment.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> China was responsible for around 27% of the world's current <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">GHG emissions</a> in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference">2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_climate_change" title="Politics of climate change">Politics of climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate change in the United Kingdom">Climate change in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_climate_change" title="2021 in climate change">2021 in climate change</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eciu.net/briefings/international-perspectives/cop-26">"UK to host 2020 UN climate summit, COP26"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Biden+returns+US+to+Paris+climate+accord+hours+after+becoming+president&rft.date=2021-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2021%2Fjan%2F20%2Fparis-climate-accord-joe-biden-returns-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://au.news.yahoo.com/biden-apologizes-trumps-pulling-u-164025980.html">"Biden apologizes for Trump's pulling the U.S. out of Paris climate accord"</a>. au.news.yahoo.com. November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211103182733/https://au.news.yahoo.com/biden-apologizes-trumps-pulling-u-164025980.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=au.news.yahoo.com&rft.atitle=Biden+apologizes+for+Trump%27s+pulling+the+U.S.+out+of+Paris+climate+accord&rft.date=2021-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fau.news.yahoo.com%2Fbiden-apologizes-trumps-pulling-u-164025980.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-27"><a href="#cite_ref-:3_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrost2020" class="citation news cs1">Frost, Rosie (20 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/living/2020/08/20/cop26-may-refuse-sponsorship-from-big-polluters">"COP26 may refuse sponsorship from big polluters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120132336/https://www.euronews.com/living/2020/08/20/cop26-may-refuse-sponsorship-from-big-polluters">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=COP26+may+refuse+sponsorship+from+big+polluters&rft.date=2020-08-20&rft.aulast=Frost&rft.aufirst=Rosie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2Fliving%2F2020%2F08%2F20%2Fcop26-may-refuse-sponsorship-from-big-polluters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-sponsors-for-cop26-announced-with-one-year-to-go-until-the-climate-summit">"First sponsors for COP26 announced with one year to go until the climate summit"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Business,_Energy_%26_Industrial_Strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy">UK Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy</a>; <a href="/wiki/Alok_Sharma" title="Alok Sharma">Alok Sharma</a>. 16 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210821053650/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-sponsors-for-cop26-announced-with-one-year-to-go-until-the-climate-summit">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+sponsors+for+COP26+announced+with+one+year+to+go+until+the+climate+summit&rft.pub=UK+Department+for+Business%2C+Energy+%26+Industrial+Strategy%3B+Alok+Sharma&rft.date=2020-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Ffirst-sponsors-for-cop26-announced-with-one-year-to-go-until-the-climate-summit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jun/01/glasgow-to-plant-18m-trees-as-city-readies-for-cop26-climate-summit">"Glasgow to plant 18m trees as city readies for Cop26 climate summit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 1 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028131140/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jun/01/glasgow-to-plant-18m-trees-as-city-readies-for-cop26-climate-summit">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Glasgow+to+plant+18m+trees+as+city+readies+for+Cop26+climate+summit&rft.date=2021-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2021%2Fjun%2F01%2Fglasgow-to-plant-18m-trees-as-city-readies-for-cop26-climate-summit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/sep/07/cop26-will-be-rich-nations-stitch-up-if-poorer-countries-kept-away-by-covid">"Cop26 will be 'rich nations stitch-up' if poorer countries kept away by Covid"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 7 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101111226/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/sep/07/cop26-will-be-rich-nations-stitch-up-if-poorer-countries-kept-away-by-covid">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Cop26+will+be+%27rich+nations+stitch-up%27+if+poorer+countries+kept+away+by+Covid&rft.date=2021-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2021%2Fsep%2F07%2Fcop26-will-be-rich-nations-stitch-up-if-poorer-countries-kept-away-by-covid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/cop26-fresh-concerns-that-unequal-vaccine-access-may-jeopardise-key-un-climate-talks-12368229">"COP26: Fresh concerns that unequal vaccine access may jeopardise key UN climate talks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028195350/https://news.sky.com/story/cop26-fresh-concerns-that-unequal-vaccine-access-may-jeopardise-key-un-climate-talks-12368229">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=COP26%3A+Fresh+concerns+that+unequal+vaccine+access+may+jeopardise+key+UN+climate+talks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fcop26-fresh-concerns-that-unequal-vaccine-access-may-jeopardise-key-un-climate-talks-12368229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/30/cop26-will-be-whitest-and-most-privileged-ever-warn-campaigners">"Cop26 will be whitest and most privileged ever, warn campaigners"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 30 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101112157/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/30/cop26-will-be-whitest-and-most-privileged-ever-warn-campaigners">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Cop26+will+be+whitest+and+most+privileged+ever%2C+warn+campaigners&rft.date=2021-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2021%2Foct%2F30%2Fcop26-will-be-whitest-and-most-privileged-ever-warn-campaigners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-58153616">"COP26: Covid travel rules relaxed for overseas delegates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 9 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211031181735/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-58153616">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=COP26%3A+Covid+travel+rules+relaxed+for+overseas+delegates&rft.date=2021-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-58153616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/climate-science-lifestyle-glasgow-travel-ef4243532251d2a4830ea402effae676">"'Thin' Pacific island teams at COP26 spark fears of inequity"</a>. Associated Press. 28 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101085220/https://apnews.com/article/climate-science-lifestyle-glasgow-travel-ef4243532251d2a4830ea402effae676">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=%27Thin%27+Pacific+island+teams+at+COP26+spark+fears+of+inequity&rft.date=2021-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fclimate-science-lifestyle-glasgow-travel-ef4243532251d2a4830ea402effae676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59054696">"COP26: What do the poorest countries want from climate summit?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 1 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101013648/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59054696">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=COP26%3A+What+do+the+poorest+countries+want+from+climate+summit%3F&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-59054696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/cop26-covid-rules-david-attenborough-boris-johnson-b1949721.html">"What are the Covid rules at Cop26 and why did maskless PM sit next to Attenborough?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. 2 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211102122511/https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/cop26-covid-rules-david-attenborough-boris-johnson-b1949721.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=What+are+the+Covid+rules+at+Cop26+and+why+did+maskless+PM+sit+next+to+Attenborough%3F&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fclimate-change%2Fcop26-covid-rules-david-attenborough-boris-johnson-b1949721.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_English,_Christina_O'Neill2021" class="citation news cs1">Paul English, Christina O'Neill (4 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/glasgow-news/glasgow-climate-clock-20741668">"Historic clock in Glasgow to become daily reminder of climate crisis"</a>. GlasgowLive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613175643/https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/glasgow-news/glasgow-climate-clock-20741668">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GlasgowLive&rft.atitle=Historic+clock+in+Glasgow+to+become+daily+reminder+of+climate+crisis&rft.date=2021-06-04&rft.au=Paul+English%2C+Christina+O%27Neill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.glasgowlive.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fglasgow-news%2Fglasgow-climate-clock-20741668&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-59089946">"COP26: Climate summit venue becomes UN territory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 29 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030032434/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-59089946">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=COP26%3A+Climate+summit+venue+becomes+UN+territory&rft.date=2021-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-glasgow-west-59089946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ans.org/news/article-3401/cop26-and-southern-scotland-receive-cleanest-power-in-the-uk/">"COP26 and southern Scotland receive cleanest power in the U.K. -- ANS / Nuclear Newswire"</a>. ans.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104173053/https://www.ans.org/news/article-3401/cop26-and-southern-scotland-receive-cleanest-power-in-the-uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ans.org&rft.atitle=COP26+and+southern+Scotland+receive+cleanest+power+in+the+U.K.+--+ANS+%2F+Nuclear+Newswire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ans.org%2Fnews%2Farticle-3401%2Fcop26-and-southern-scotland-receive-cleanest-power-in-the-uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Meara2021" class="citation web cs1">O'Meara, Pat [@PatOMearaSAS] (9 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/PatOMearaSAS/status/1458078802135994368">"While at #COP26 the @scotgovhealth Health Secretary Humza Yousaf and the National Clinical Director Jason Leitch called in to see our staff supporting our response to the conference"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221111102715/https://twitter.com/patomearasas/status/1458078802135994368">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=While+at+%23COP26+the+%40scotgovhealth+Health+Secretary+Humza+Yousaf+and+the+National+Clinical+Director+Jason+Leitch+called+in+to+see+our+staff+supporting+our+response+to+the+conference.&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft.aulast=O%27Meara&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FPatOMearaSAS%2Fstatus%2F1458078802135994368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScot_Gov_Health2021" class="citation web cs1">Scot Gov Health [@scotgovhealth] (10 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/scotgovhealth/status/1458129519160725504">"Health Secretary Humza Yousaf met with ambulance staff and doctors who have been providing support at #COP26. He visited the medical centre in the Blue Zone to thank them for their work to keep everyone safe at #COP26, and during the #coronavirus pandemic"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221111102851/https://twitter.com/scotgovhealth/status/1458129519160725504">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Health+Secretary+Humza+Yousaf+met+with+ambulance+staff+and+doctors+who+have+been+providing+support+at+%23COP26.+He+visited+the+medical+centre+in+the+Blue+Zone+to+thank+them+for+their+work+to+keep+everyone+safe+at+%23COP26%2C+and+during+the+%23coronavirus+pandemic.&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft.au=Scot+Gov+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fscotgovhealth%2Fstatus%2F1458129519160725504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey2021" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fiona_Harvey" title="Fiona Harvey">Harvey, Fiona</a> (11 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/11/what-is-cop26-and-why-does-it-matter-the-complete-guide">"What is Cop26 and why does it matter? 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Retrieved 6 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ca.finance.yahoo.com&rft.atitle=REFILE-China+says+Xi+was+given+no+option+for+video+address+to+COP26&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fca.finance.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fchina-says-xi-given-no-094132995.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reuters_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters_58-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaulconbridge2021" class="citation news cs1">Faulconbridge, Guy (15 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/chinas-xi-snub-cop26-uk-pm-johnson-told-times-2021-10-15/">"China's Xi will not attend COP26 in person, UK PM Johnson told"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030125514/https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/chinas-xi-snub-cop26-uk-pm-johnson-told-times-2021-10-15/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2021. 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Retrieved 29 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=China+and+India+cast+pall+over+climate+ambitions+ahead+of+COP26&rft.date=2021-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Feef90c01-4cbe-48b7-8b2c-2beb398a4fb1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_62-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/cop26-glasgow-who-is-going-who-is-not-2021-10-15/">"Factbox: COP26 in Glasgow: Who is going and who is not?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101101434/https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/cop26-glasgow-who-is-going-who-is-not-2021-10-15/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2021. 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CNN. 1 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111110013/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/01/americas/brazil-cop26-environmental-committments-analysis-intl-latam/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2021. 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BBC News. 3 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211103213316/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59054696">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=COP26%3A+What+do+the+poorest+countries+want+from+climate+summit%3F&rft.date=2021-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-59054696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/international/2021/11/03/what-is-happening-at-cop26">"What is happening at COP26?"</a>. The Economist. 3 November 2021. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104000717/https://www.economist.com/international/2021/11/03/what-is-happening-at-cop26">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=What+is+happening+at+COP26%3F&rft.date=2021-11-03&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Finternational%2F2021%2F11%2F03%2Fwhat-is-happening-at-cop26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-59202129">"COP26: UK pledges £290m to help poorer countries cope with climate change"</a>. BBC News. 8 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108034108/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-59202129">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=COP26%3A+UK+pledges+%C2%A3290m+to+help+poorer+countries+cope+with+climate+change&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-59202129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-59135169">"COP26: South Africa hails deal to end reliance on coal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 2 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211102181706/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-59135169">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2021. 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Retrieved 2 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=COP26+latest%3A+Europe+to+invest+%E2%82%AC1bn+in+clean+technologies+such+as+green+hydrogen&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F4bf0f579-d44c-4e21-91bc-88058fa297fa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59159018">"COP26: 190 nations and organisations pledge to quit coal"</a>. BBC News. 4 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104010149/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59159018">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=COP26%3A+190+nations+and+organisations+pledge+to+quit+coal&rft.date=2021-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-59159018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-127">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_127-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_127-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVetter" class="citation web cs1">Vetter, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidrvetter/2021/11/03/the-end-of-coal-cop26-forges-new-global-agreement-to-retire-dirtiest-fossil-fuel/">"'The End Of Coal': COP26 Forges New Global Agreement To Retire Dirtiest Fossil Fuel"</a>. Forbes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211103231506/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidrvetter/2021/11/03/the-end-of-coal-cop26-forges-new-global-agreement-to-retire-dirtiest-fossil-fuel/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2021. 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Retrieved 28 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=S%26P+Global&rft.atitle=COP26%3A+Japan+to+invest+%24100+mil+to+convert+fossil-fired+plants+to+ammonia%2C+hydrogen+based&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spglobal.com%2Fplatts%2Fen%2Fmarket-insights%2Flatest-news%2Fenergy-transition%2F110221-cop26-japan-to-invest-100-mil-to-convert-fossil-fired-plants-to-ammonia-hydrogen-based&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/02/joe-biden-plan-cut-global-methane-emissions-30-percent">"Biden to unveil pledge to slash global methane emissions by 30%"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 2 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211102072117/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/02/joe-biden-plan-cut-global-methane-emissions-30-percent">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Biden+to+unveil+pledge+to+slash+global+methane+emissions+by+30%25&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2021%2Fnov%2F02%2Fjoe-biden-plan-cut-global-methane-emissions-30-percent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-59125188">"COP26: US and EU announce 'game-changing' methane plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211102102031/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-59125188">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2021. 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The Moscow Times. 22 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112172945/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/10/22/russia-to-lobby-for-sanctions-relief-on-climate-projects-at-cop-26-bloomberg-a75372">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Russia+to+Lobby+for+Sanctions+Relief+on+Climate+Projects+at+COP26+%E2%80%93+Bloomberg&rft.date=2021-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2021%2F10%2F22%2Frussia-to-lobby-for-sanctions-relief-on-climate-projects-at-cop-26-bloomberg-a75372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/cop26-india-and-japan-pledge-carbon-neutrality-chinas-xi-stays-home/a-59692137">"COP26: India and Japan pledge carbon neutrality, China's top leader Xi stays home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 2 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211102125237/https://www.dw.com/en/cop26-india-and-japan-pledge-carbon-neutrality-chinas-xi-stays-home/a-59692137">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=COP26%3A+India+and+Japan+pledge+carbon+neutrality%2C+China%27s+top+leader+Xi+stays+home&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fcop26-india-and-japan-pledge-carbon-neutrality-chinas-xi-stays-home%2Fa-59692137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVittozzi2021" class="citation news cs1">Vittozzi, Katerina (1 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/cop26-india-has-given-a-distant-net-zero-target-and-is-now-asking-the-world-for-cash-12457388">"COP26: India has given a distant net-zero target and is now asking the world for cash"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120235328/https://news.sky.com/story/cop26-india-has-given-a-distant-net-zero-target-and-is-now-asking-the-world-for-cash-12457388">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=COP26%3A+India+has+given+a+distant+net-zero+target+and+is+now+asking+the+world+for+cash&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft.aulast=Vittozzi&rft.aufirst=Katerina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fcop26-india-has-given-a-distant-net-zero-target-and-is-now-asking-the-world-for-cash-12457388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-59125143">"COP26: India PM Narendra Modi pledges net zero by 2070"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 2 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211102123119/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-59125143">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2021. 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Retrieved 2 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Climate+change%3A+China+unlikely+to+move+its+net+zero+carbon+emissions+target+by+COP26%2C+UN+climate+chief+says&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fclimate-change-china-unlikely-to-move-its-net-zero-carbon-emissions-target-by-cop26-un-climate-chief-says-12421259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebsterBurgessPhilp2020" class="citation news cs1">Webster, Ben; Burgess, Kaya; Philp, Catherine (1 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/cop26-india-sets-2070-net-zero-target-and-demands-1-trillion-in-funding-68gm3tvpp">"Cop26: India puts off net zero to 2070 and deals blow to climate hopes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20211102010609/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/cop26-india-sets-2070-net-zero-target-and-demands-1-trillion-in-funding-68gm3tvpp">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2021. 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Retrieved 12 November 2021. <q>In 2015 global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were about 47 GtCO2e, or 50GtCO2e including emissions from Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF). 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Retrieved 3 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MarketWatch&rft.atitle=Climate+hotshots+in+hot+seat+over+private+jets+and+other+habits+expanding+carbon+footprint+at+COP26&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft.aulast=Beals&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fclimate-hotshots-in-hot-seat-over-private-jets-and-other-habits-expanding-carbon-footprint-at-cop26%2Far-AAQf9i1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wionews.com/world/eco-hypocrite-leaders-businessmen-arrive-in-fuel-guzzling-private-jets-at-cop26-425903">"'Eco-hypocrite': Leaders, businessmen arrive in fuel-guzzling private jets at COP26"</a>. WION. November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211106041506/https://www.wionews.com/world/eco-hypocrite-leaders-businessmen-arrive-in-fuel-guzzling-private-jets-at-cop26-425903">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WION&rft.atitle=%27Eco-hypocrite%27%3A+Leaders%2C+businessmen+arrive+in+fuel-guzzling+private+jets+at+COP26&rft.date=2021-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wionews.com%2Fworld%2Feco-hypocrite-leaders-businessmen-arrive-in-fuel-guzzling-private-jets-at-cop26-425903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-58982445">"COP26: Document leak reveals nations lobbying to change key climate report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 23 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211102110331/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-58982445">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=COP26%3A+Document+leak+reveals+nations+lobbying+to+change+key+climate+report&rft.date=2021-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-58982445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton2021" class="citation news cs1">Morton, Adam (5 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/05/australia-refuses-to-join-40-nations-phasing-out-coal-as-angus-taylor-says-coalition-wont-wipe-out-industries">"Australian government refuses to join 40 nations phasing out coal, saying it won't 'wipe out industries'"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107022713/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/05/australia-refuses-to-join-40-nations-phasing-out-coal-as-angus-taylor-says-coalition-wont-wipe-out-industries">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Australian+government+refuses+to+join+40+nations+phasing+out+coal%2C+saying+it+won%27t+%27wipe+out+industries%27&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2021%2Fnov%2F05%2Faustralia-refuses-to-join-40-nations-phasing-out-coal-as-angus-taylor-says-coalition-wont-wipe-out-industries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFunnell2021" class="citation news cs1">Funnell, Dominica (4 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/australia-withholds-signature-from-cop26-pledge-to-phase-out-coal-by-2030s/news-story/4abef8f0ef59a1ee91a44c30505506d2">"Australia dodges pledge to phase out coal by 2030s"</a>. SkyNews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107234850/https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/australia-withholds-signature-from-cop26-pledge-to-phase-out-coal-by-2030s/news-story/4abef8f0ef59a1ee91a44c30505506d2">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SkyNews&rft.atitle=Australia+dodges+pledge+to+phase+out+coal+by+2030s&rft.date=2021-11-04&rft.aulast=Funnell&rft.aufirst=Dominica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skynews.com.au%2Faustralia-news%2Faustralia-withholds-signature-from-cop26-pledge-to-phase-out-coal-by-2030s%2Fnews-story%2F4abef8f0ef59a1ee91a44c30505506d2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrellin2022" class="citation news cs1">Crellin, Zac (3 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/national/2021/11/03/australia-cop26-pavilion/">"Inside Australia's COP26 'propaganda' pavilion, which went viral for touting fossil fuel companies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Daily" title="The New Daily">The New Daily</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220621004655/https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/national/2021/11/03/australia-cop26-pavilion/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Inside+Australia%27s+COP26+%27propaganda%27+pavilion%2C+which+went+viral+for+touting+fossil+fuel+companies&rft.date=2022-11-03&rft.aulast=Crellin&rft.aufirst=Zac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthenewdaily.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F2021%2F11%2F03%2Faustralia-cop26-pavilion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton2021" class="citation news cs1">Morton, Adam (2 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/nov/03/australia-puts-fossil-fuel-company-front-and-centre-at-cop26">"Australia puts fossil fuel company front and centre at Cop26"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211106152048/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/nov/03/australia-puts-fossil-fuel-company-front-and-centre-at-cop26">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Australia+puts+fossil+fuel+company+front+and+centre+at+Cop26&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2021%2Fnov%2F03%2Faustralia-puts-fossil-fuel-company-front-and-centre-at-cop26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2021" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Paul (4 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-05/australia-morrison-criticised-cop26-coal-macron-stoush-qa/100596086">"Coalition member hits out at PM over Macron, climate change on Q+A"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Coalition+member+hits+out+at+PM+over+Macron%2C+climate+change+on+Q%2BA&rft.date=2021-11-04&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2021-11-05%2Faustralia-morrison-criticised-cop26-coal-macron-stoush-qa%2F100596086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hattenstone-158"><a href="#cite_ref-hattenstone_158-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHattenstone2021" class="citation news cs1">Hattenstone, Simon (25 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2021/sep/25/greta-thunberg-i-really-see-the-value-of-friendship-apart-from-the-climate-almost-nothing-else-matters">"Interview: The transformation of Greta Thunberg"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030164705/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2021/sep/25/greta-thunberg-i-really-see-the-value-of-friendship-apart-from-the-climate-almost-nothing-else-matters">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+The+transformation+of+Greta+Thunberg&rft.date=2021-09-25&rft.aulast=Hattenstone&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2Fng-interactive%2F2021%2Fsep%2F25%2Fgreta-thunberg-i-really-see-the-value-of-friendship-apart-from-the-climate-almost-nothing-else-matters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=om3RNOMAAAAJ&hl=en">"Fatemeh Rezaei"</a>. scholar.google.com. 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Epidemiology International. 6 (4): 1–2. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2455-7048">2455-7048</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+International&rft.atitle=Climate+Actions%2C+COP+26+and+Implications+on+Public+Health+for+Asia+Pacific+Region&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1-2&rft.date=2021-12-20&rft.issn=2455-7048&rft.aulast=Fernandes&rft.aufirst=Edmond&rft.au=Rezaei%2C+Fatemeh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedical.advancedresearchpublications.com%2Findex.php%2FEpidemInternational%2Farticle%2Fview%2F858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLukpatSantora2021" class="citation news cs1">Lukpat, Alyssa; Santora, Marc (1 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/01/world/europe/greta-thunberg-cop26-glasgow.html">"Greta Thunberg joins a protest in Glasgow"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101230425/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/01/world/europe/greta-thunberg-cop26-glasgow.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Greta+Thunberg+joins+a+protest+in+Glasgow.&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft.aulast=Lukpat&rft.aufirst=Alyssa&rft.au=Santora%2C+Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F01%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fgreta-thunberg-cop26-glasgow.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-59116611">"COP26: Thunberg tells Glasgow protest politicians are pretending"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 1 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211102021402/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-59116611">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=COP26%3A+Thunberg+tells+Glasgow+protest+politicians+are+pretending&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-glasgow-west-59116611&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-59165781">"COP26: Greta Thunberg tells protest that COP26 has been a 'failure'"</a>. BBC News. 5 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107005400/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-59165781">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=COP26%3A+Greta+Thunberg+tells+protest+that+COP26+has+been+a+%27failure%27&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-glasgow-west-59165781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian_Nov6-164">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_Nov6_164-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_Nov6_164-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_Nov6_164-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooksLakhaniWattsTaylor2021" class="citation web cs1">Brooks, Libby; Lakhani, Nina; Watts, Jonathan; Taylor, Matthew; Strzyżyńska, Weronika (6 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/06/nicola-sturgeon-says-glasgow-climate-march-will-be-policed-appropriately">"'The time for change is now': demonstrators around the world demand action on climate crisis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107005359/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/06/nicola-sturgeon-says-glasgow-climate-march-will-be-policed-appropriately">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27The+time+for+change+is+now%27%3A+demonstrators+around+the+world+demand+action+on+climate+crisis&rft.date=2021-11-06&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Libby&rft.au=Lakhani%2C+Nina&rft.au=Watts%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Matthew&rft.au=Strzy%C5%BCy%C5%84ska%2C+Weronika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2021%2Fnov%2F06%2Fnicola-sturgeon-says-glasgow-climate-march-will-be-policed-appropriately&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Horne-165"><a href="#cite_ref-Horne_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorne2021" class="citation news cs1">Horne, Marc (26 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/cop26-glasgow-security-challenges-extinction-rebellion-kkzkmsg85">"Extinction Rebellion, demos and disruption — Cop26 security challenges"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20211026131303/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/cop26-glasgow-security-challenges-extinction-rebellion-kkzkmsg85">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Extinction+Rebellion%2C+demos+and+disruption+%E2%80%94+Cop26+security+challenges&rft.date=2021-10-26&rft.aulast=Horne&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fcop26-glasgow-security-challenges-extinction-rebellion-kkzkmsg85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNET_show_us_the_money-166"><a href="#cite_ref-CNET_show_us_the_money_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2021" class="citation news cs1">Collins, Katie (8 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/politics/show-us-the-money-young-activists-react-to-barack-obama-at-cop26">"'Show us the money!' 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BBC News. 2 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211102102037/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-59132811">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2021. 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CBS News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211106220604/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/deforestation-end-pledge-2030-cop26/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2021. 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USA TODAY. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211127175236/https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/contributors/valley-voice/2021/11/27/californias-carbon-offset-disaster-and-disappointment-cop-26/8740979002/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2021. 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Retrieved 20 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=euronews&rft.atitle=The+missing+voices+of+the+most+affected%3A+Who+isn%27t+at+COP26%3F&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft.aulast=de+Ferrer&rft.aufirst=Marthe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2Fgreen%2F2021%2F11%2F01%2Fthe-missing-voices-of-cop26-who-is-being-left-out-of-the-climate-conversation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVetter2021" class="citation web cs1">Vetter, David (2 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidrvetter/2021/11/02/oppose-this-climate-slavery-a-manifesto-to-cop26-from-a-west-african-climate-activist/">"'Oppose This Climate Slavery': A Manifesto To COP26 From A West African Climate Activist"</a>. Forbes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220315111429/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidrvetter/2021/11/02/oppose-this-climate-slavery-a-manifesto-to-cop26-from-a-west-african-climate-activist/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=%27Oppose+This+Climate+Slavery%27%3A+A+Manifesto+To+COP26+From+A+West+African+Climate+Activist&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft.aulast=Vetter&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fdavidrvetter%2F2021%2F11%2F02%2Foppose-this-climate-slavery-a-manifesto-to-cop26-from-a-west-african-climate-activist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=jcGWKRsAAAAJ&citation_for_view=jcGWKRsAAAAJ:3fE2CSJIrl8C">"Climate Actions, COP 26 and Implications on Public Health for Asia Pacific Region"</a>. scholar.google.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220622224840/https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=jcGWKRsAAAAJ&citation_for_view=jcGWKRsAAAAJ:3fE2CSJIrl8C">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scholar.google.com&rft.atitle=Climate+Actions%2C+COP+26+and+Implications+on+Public+Health+for+Asia+Pacific+Region&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fcitations%3Fview_op%3Dview_citation%26hl%3Den%26user%3DjcGWKRsAAAAJ%26citation_for_view%3DjcGWKRsAAAAJ%3A3fE2CSJIrl8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing" class="citation web cs1">King, Jennie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isdglobal.org/isd-publications/deny-deceive-delay-documenting-and-responding-to-climate-disinformation-at-cop26-and-beyond-full/">"Deny, Deceive, Delay: Documenting and Responding to Climate Disinformation at COP26 and Beyond"</a>. 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Berlin, Germany and Cologne, Germany: Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109231956/https://climateactiontracker.org/documents/997/CAT_2021-11-09_Briefing_Global-Update_Glasgow2030CredibilityGap.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 November 2021. 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The Guardian. London, United Kingdom. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110014801/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/nov/09/cop26-false-hope-climate-analysis-targets">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021. 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CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111121227/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/11/world/china-india-bolivia-cop26-climate-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=China+and+India+among+22+nations+calling+for+key+section+on+emissions+be+ditched+from+COP26+agreement&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.aulast=Dewan&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F11%2F11%2Fworld%2Fchina-india-bolivia-cop26-climate-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss" class="citation news cs1">Ross, Jamie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/china-is-sabotaging-big-climate-pledge-at-cop26-conference-says-report">"China Is Sabotaging Big Climate Pledge at COP26 Conference, Says Report"</a>. The Daily Beast. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111145106/https://www.thedailybeast.com/china-is-sabotaging-big-climate-pledge-at-cop26-conference-says-report">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=China+Is+Sabotaging+Big+Climate+Pledge+at+COP26+Conference%2C+Says+Report&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fchina-is-sabotaging-big-climate-pledge-at-cop26-conference-says-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climatetrace.org/inventory#country">"CO2 Emissions: All Countries - 2015–2020 - Climate TRACE"</a>. climatetrace.org – all countries. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112122206/https://climatetrace.org/inventory#country">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=climatetrace.org+%E2%80%93+all+countries&rft.atitle=CO2+Emissions%3A+All+Countries+-+2015%E2%80%932020+-+Climate+TRACE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimatetrace.org%2Finventory%23country&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchonhardt" class="citation news cs1">Schonhardt, Sara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/chinas-greenhouse-gas-emissions-exceed-those-of-all-other-developed-countries-combined/">"China's Greenhouse Gas Emissions Exceed Those of All Other Developed Countries Combined"</a>. Scientific American. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613210411/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/chinas-greenhouse-gas-emissions-exceed-those-of-all-other-developed-countries-combined/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=China%27s+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions+Exceed+Those+of+All+Other+Developed+Countries+Combined&rft.aulast=Schonhardt&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fchinas-greenhouse-gas-emissions-exceed-those-of-all-other-developed-countries-combined%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rhg.com/research/chinas-emissions-surpass-developed-countries/">"China's Greenhouse Gas Emissions Exceeded the Developed World for the First Time in 2019"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhodium Group (page does not exist)">Rhodium Group</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210617173916/https://rhg.com/research/chinas-emissions-surpass-developed-countries/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rhodium+Group&rft.atitle=China%27s+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions+Exceeded+the+Developed+World+for+the+First+Time+in+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frhg.com%2Fresearch%2Fchinas-emissions-surpass-developed-countries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mayerbrown.com/en/perspectives-events/publications/2022/02/vietnam-releases-guidance-on-implementation-of-cop26-commitments">"Vietnam Releases Guidance on Implementation of COP26 Commitments"</a>. Mayer Brown. 11 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mayer+Brown&rft.atitle=Vietnam+Releases+Guidance+on+Implementation+of+COP26+Commitments&rft.date=2022-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayerbrown.com%2Fen%2Fperspectives-events%2Fpublications%2F2022%2F02%2Fvietnam-releases-guidance-on-implementation-of-cop26-commitments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/cop26-key-outcomes-agreed-at-the-un-climate-talks-in-glasgow">"COP26: Key outcomes agreed at the UN climate talks in Glasgow"</a>. Carbon Brief. 15 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carbon+Brief&rft.atitle=COP26%3A+Key+outcomes+agreed+at+the+UN+climate+talks+in+Glasgow&rft.date=2021-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carbonbrief.org%2Fcop26-key-outcomes-agreed-at-the-un-climate-talks-in-glasgow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Nations_climate_change_conferences" title="Template talk:United Nations climate change conferences"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Nations_climate_change_conferences" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Nations climate change conferences"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Nations_climate_change_conferences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="United Nations Climate Change Conference">United Nations climate change conferences</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="United Nations Climate Change Conference">Conference of the Parties</a> (COP) of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change</a></li> <li>Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties of the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a> (CMP)</li> <li>Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a> (CMA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1995_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="1995 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP1 (Berlin, 1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP2 (Geneva, 1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="1997 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP3 (Kyoto, 1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="1998 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP4 (Buenos Aires, 1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="1999 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP5 (Bonn, 1999)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP6 (The Hague, 2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference_(Bonn)" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 United Nations Climate Change Conference (Bonn)">COP6 (Bonn, 2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2001 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP7 (Marrakech, 2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2002 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP8 (New Delhi, 2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2003 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP9 (Milan, 2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2004 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP10 (Buenos Aires, 2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2005 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP11–CMP1 (Montreal, 2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2006 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP12–CMP2 (Nairobi, 2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP13–CMP3 (Bali, 2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2008 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP14–CMP4 (Poznań, 2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP15–CMP5 (Copenhagen, 2009)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP16–CMP6 (Cancún, 2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP17–CMP7 (Durban, 2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP18–CMP8 (Doha, 2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2013 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP19–CMP9 (Warsaw, 2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP20–CMP10 (Lima, 2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP21–CMP11 (Paris, 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2016 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP22–CMP12–CMA1 (Marrakech, 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP23–CMP13–CMA1.2 (Bonn, 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2018 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP24–CMP14–CMA1.3 (Katowice, 2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP25–CMP15–CMA2 (Madrid, 2019)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">COP26–CMP16–CMA3 (Glasgow, 2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP27–CMP17–CMA4 (Sharm El Sheikh, 2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP28–CMP18–CMA5 (Dubai, 2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2024 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP29–CMP19–CMA6 (Baku, 2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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