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Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in 2010, it has gathered a global user community of about 7,000 scientists working in fundamental particle physics and the physics of hadronic matter at extreme temperature and density. To sustain and extend its discovery potential, the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s. This will increase its luminosity (rate of collisions) by a factor of five beyond the original design value and the integrated luminosity (total collisions created) by a factor ten. The LHC is already a highly complex and exquisitely optimised machine so this upgrade must be carefully conceived and will require about ten years to implement. The new configuration, known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), will rely on a number of key innovations that push accelerator technology beyond its present limits. Among these are cutting-edge 11-12 tesla superconducting magnets, compact superconducting cavities for beam rotation with ultra-precise phase control, new technology and physical processes for beam collimation and 300 metre-long high-power superconducting links with negligible energy dissipation. The present document describes the technologies and components that will be used to realise the project and is intended to serve as the basis for the detailed engineering design of HL-LHC. Apollinari, G; Béjar Alonso, I; Brüning, O; Lamont, M; Rossi, L" /> <meta name="keywords" content="HiLumi" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://cds.cern.ch/js/jquery.min.js"></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://cds.cern.ch/img/webnews.css" type="text/css" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="http://cds.cern.ch/js/webnews.js?v=20131009"></script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="137353533001720"/> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$']], processEscapes: true}, showProcessingMessages: false, messageStyle: "none" }); </script> <script src="/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML" type="text/javascript"> </script>  <meta content="High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) : Preliminary Design Report" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="CERN" name="citation_publisher" /> <meta content="10.5170/CERN-2015-005" name="citation_doi" /> <meta content="2015" name="citation_publication_date" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2015/12/17"> <meta content="CERN-2015-005" name="citation_technical_report_number" /> <meta content="9789290834229" name="citation_isbn" /> <meta content="9789290834236" name="citation_isbn" /> <meta content="10.5170/CERN-2015-005" name="citation_doi" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/CERN-2015-005.pdf" />  <meta content="Preliminary Design Report" property="og:title" /> <meta content="High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC)" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337" property="og:url" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/Front cover.gif?subformat=icon" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/Front cover.gif?subformat=icon" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/Front cover.gif?subformat=icon" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/Front cover.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/Front cover.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/CERN-2015-005.gif?subformat=icon" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/CERN-2015-005.gif?subformat=icon" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/Front cover.jpg?subformat=icon-180" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/Front cover.jpg?subformat=icon-180" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/Front cover.gif?subformat=icon" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/Front cover.gif?subformat=icon" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/Front cover.jpg?subformat=icon-700" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/Front cover.jpg?subformat=icon-700" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/CERN-2015-005.jpg?subformat=icon-180" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/CERN-2015-005.jpg?subformat=icon-180" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/CERN-2015-005.gif?subformat=icon" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/CERN-2015-005.gif?subformat=icon" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/CERN-2015-005.jpg?subformat=icon-700" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/CERN-2015-005.jpg?subformat=icon-700" /> <meta content="CERN Document Server" property="og:site_name" /> <meta content="The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. 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The present document describes the technologies and components that will be used to realise the project and is intended to serve as the basis for the detailed engineering design of HL-LHC." property="og:description" />  <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <style></style> </head> <body class="CERN32Document32Server search" lang="en">  <div id="cern-toolbar"> <h1><a href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN">CERN <span>Accelerating science</span></a></h1> <ul> <li class="cern-accountlinks"><a class="cern-account" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/login?ln=en&referer=http%3A//cds.cern.ch/record/2116337" title="Sign in to your CERN account">Sign in</a></li> <li><a class="cern-directory" href="http://cern.ch/directory" title="Search CERN resources and browse the directory">Directory</a></li> </ul> </div>   <div role="banner" class="clearfix" id="header"> <div class="header-inner inner"> <hgroup class="clearfix"> <h2 id="site-name"> <a rel="home" title="Home" href="/"><span>CERN Document Server</span></a> </h2> <h3 id="site-slogan">Access articles, reports and multimedia content in HEP</h3> </hgroup> <div role="navigation" id="main-navigation" class="cdsmenu"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Main menu</h2><ul class="links inline clearfix"> <li class="menu-386 first active-trail"><a class="active-trail" href="http://cds.cern.ch/?ln=en">Search</a></li> <li class="menu-444 "><a class="" title="" href="http://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=en">Submit</a></li> <li class="menu-426 "><a class="" href="http://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=en">Help</a></li> <li class="leaf hassubcdsmenu"> <a hreflang="en" class="header" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=en">Personalize</a> <ul class="subsubcdsmenu"><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/list?ln=en">Your alerts</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourbaskets/display?ln=en">Your baskets</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourcomments?ln=en">Your comments</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/display?ln=en">Your searches</a></li></ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <table class="navtrailbox"> <tr> <td class="navtrailboxbody"> <a href="/?ln=en" class="navtrail">Home</a> > High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="pagebody"><div class="pagebodystripemiddle"> <div class="detailedrecordbox"> <div class="detailedrecordtabs"> <div> <ul class="detailedrecordtabs"><li class="on first"><a href="/record/2116337/?ln=en">Information </a></li><li class=""><a href="/record/2116337/files?ln=en">Files </a></li><li class=""><a href="/record/2116337/holdings?ln=en">Holdings </a></li></ul> <div id="tabsSpacer" style="clear:both;height:0px"> </div></div> </div> <div class="detailedrecordboxcontent"> <div class="top-left-folded"></div> <div class="top-right-folded"></div> <div class="inside">  <abbr class="unapi-id" title="2116337"></abbr> <style type="text/css">  </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/pdf-previewer-append-to-table.js"></script> <table class="formatRecordTableFullWidth" > <tr> <td class="formatRecordHeader" style="background-image: url('https://cds.cern.ch/img/journals.jpg');" colspan="2"> Report </td> </tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Report number </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">CERN-2015-005</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Title </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><b>High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) : Preliminary Design Report</b></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"></td><td style="padding-left:5px;"> <style> .yr_cover { position: absolute; display: none; z-index: 9999; margin-left: 2px; -moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 6px gray; -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 6px gray; -o-box-shadow: 2px 2px 6px gray; box-shadow: 2px 2px 6px gray; } </style> <script> $(window).bind("load", function() { $("#yr_cover_2116337_target").mouseover(function() { $("body").append("<div id='yr_cover_2116337' class='yr_cover'><img style='max-height: 640px; max-width: 480px;' src='http://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/Front cover.jpg' /></div>"); $("#yr_cover_2116337").css('top', $("#yr_cover_2116337_target").offset().top + 'px'); $("#yr_cover_2116337").css('left', ($("#yr_cover_2116337_target").offset().left + $("#yr_cover_2116337_target").outerWidth()) + 'px'); $("#yr_cover_2116337").fadeIn("fast"); }); $("#yr_cover_2116337_target").mouseout(function() { $("#yr_cover_2116337").fadeOut("fast"); }); }); </script> <img id="yr_cover_2116337_target" src="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2116337/files/Front cover.jpg?subformat=icon-180" alt="CERN Yellow Report Front Cover" /> </td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Author(s)</span> </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Apollinari%2C%20G&ln=en">Apollinari, G</a> (ed.) (Fermilab) ; <a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=B%C3%A9jar%20Alonso%2C%20I&ln=en">Béjar Alonso, I</a> (ed.) (CERN) ; <a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Br%C3%BCning%2C%20O&ln=en">Brüning, O</a> (ed.) (CERN) ; <a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Lamont%2C%20M&ln=en">Lamont, M</a> (ed.) (CERN) ; <a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Rossi%2C%20L&ln=en">Rossi, L</a> (ed.) (CERN)</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Publication </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Geneva : CERN, 2015 - 285.</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Series </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">(<a href="/search?f=490__a&p=CERN%20Yellow%20Reports%3A%20Monographs">CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs</a>)</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Subject category </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Accelerators and Storage Rings</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Accelerator/Facility, Experiment </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?p=CERN%20HL-LHC&f=693__a">CERN HL-LHC</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Keywords </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?f=keyword&p=HiLumi&ln=en">HiLumi</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Abstract </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in 2010, it has gathered a global user community of about 7,000 scientists working in fundamental particle physics and the physics of hadronic matter at extreme temperature and density. To sustain and extend its discovery potential, the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s. This will increase its luminosity (rate of collisions) by a factor of five beyond the original design value and the integrated luminosity (total collisions created) by a factor ten. The LHC is already a highly complex and exquisitely optimised machine so this upgrade must be carefully conceived and will require about ten years to implement. The new configuration, known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), will rely on a number of key innovations that push accelerator technology beyond its present limits. Among these are cutting-edge 11-12 tesla superconducting magnets, compact superconducting cavities for beam rotation with ultra-precise phase control, new technology and physical processes for beam collimation and 300 metre-long high-power superconducting links with negligible energy dissipation. The present document describes the technologies and components that will be used to realise the project and is intended to serve as the basis for the detailed engineering design of HL-LHC.</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> ISBN </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">9789290834229 (print version, paperback)<br/>9789290834236 (electronic version)<br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> DOI </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">ebook: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5170/CERN-2015-005" title="DOI" target="_blank">10.5170/CERN-2015-005</a> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Copyright/License </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">publication: © 2015-2025 CERN (License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY-4.0</a>)</td></tr> </table> <br/>Corresponding record in: <a href="http://inspirehep.net/record/1418897">Inspire</a> <div style="box-sizing: inherit;position: relative;min-height: 1em;margin: 1em 10px;background: #f8f8f9;padding: 1em 1.5em;line-height: 1.4285em;transition: opacity .1s ease,color .1s ease,background .1s ease,box-shadow .1s ease,-webkit-box-shadow .1s ease;border-radius: .28571429rem;font-size: 1.1em;background-color: #f8ffff;color: #276f86;box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #a9d5de inset,0 0 0 0 transparent;"> <i class="fa fa-info"></i><span style="padding-left: 9px;"> To loan this literature, see Library holdings in the <a style="font-weight: bold; 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Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in 2010, it has gathered a global user community of about 7,000 scientists working in fundamental particle physics and the physics of hadronic matter at extreme temperature and density. To sustain and extend its discovery potential, the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s. This will increase its luminosity (rate of collisions) by a factor of five beyond the original design value and the integrated luminosity (total collisions created) by a factor ten. The LHC is already a highly complex and exquisitely optimised machine so this upgrade must be carefully conceived and will require about ten years to implement. The new configuration, known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), will rely on a number of key innovations that push accelerator technology beyond its present limits. Among these are cutting-edge 11-12 tesla superconducting magnets, compact superconducting cavities for beam rotation with ultra-precise phase control, new technology and physical processes for beam collimation and 300 metre-long high-power superconducting links with negligible energy dissipation. The present document describes the technologies and components that will be used to realise the project and is intended to serve as the basis for the detailed engineering design of HL-LHC." }); // ]]> </script>  </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;margin-bottom: 0;"></div> </div> <div class="bottom-left"></div><div class="bottom-right"></div> </div> </div></div> <footer id="footer" class="pagefooter clearfix">  <div class="pagefooterstripeleft"> CERN Document Server :: <a class="footer" href="http://cds.cern.ch/?ln=en">Search</a> :: <a class="footer" href="http://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=en">Submit</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=en">Personalize</a> :: <a class="footer" href="http://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=en">Help</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=privacy_policy&se=CDS-Service" target="_blank">Privacy Notice</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://repository.cern/content-policy" target="_blank">Content Policy</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://repository.cern/terms" target="_blank">Terms and Conditions</a> <br /> Powered by <a class="footer" href="http://invenio-software.org/">Invenio</a> <br /> Maintained by <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Service</a> - Need help? 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