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<span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Hydrology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_and_exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_and_exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History and exploration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History_and_exploration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History and exploration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_and_exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Naming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Naming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Human activities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Human_activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Human activities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Human_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fishery_and_navigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fishery_and_navigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Fishery and navigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fishery_and_navigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Mining</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pollution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pollution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pollution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Laptev Sea</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 94 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptefsee" title="Laptefsee – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Laptefsee" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81" title="بحر لابتيف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بحر لابتيف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_L%C3%A1ptev" title="Mar de Láptev – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mar de Láptev" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptevl%C9%99r_d%C9%99nizi" title="Laptevlər dənizi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Laptevlər dənizi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="لاپتو دنیزی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لاپتو دنیزی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" title="লাপ্তেভ সাগর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লাপ্তেভ সাগর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptev_H%C3%A1i" title="Laptev Hái – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Laptev Hái" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99%D0%B5" title="Лаптевтар диңгеҙе – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Лаптевтар диңгеҙе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85" title="Мора Лапцевых – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мора Лапцевых" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85" title="Мора Лапцевых – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мора Лапцевых" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Laptev" title="Dagat Laptev – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dagat Laptev" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Море Лаптеви – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Море Лаптеви" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptevsko_more" title="Laptevsko more – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Laptevsko more" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor_Laptev" title="Mor Laptev – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mor Laptev" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_L%C3%A0ptev" title="Mar de Làptev – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mar de Làptev" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%C4%95%D1%81%C4%95" title="Лаптевсен тинĕсĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Лаптевсен тинĕсĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C5%99e_Lapt%C4%9Bv%C5%AF" title="Moře Laptěvů – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Moře Laptěvů" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4r_Laptev" title="Môr Laptev – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Môr Laptev" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptevhavet" title="Laptevhavet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Laptevhavet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptewsee" title="Laptewsee – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Laptewsee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptevite_meri" title="Laptevite meri – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Laptevite meri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%9B%CE%AC%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%86" title="Θάλασσα Λάπτεφ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θάλασσα Λάπτεφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_L%C3%A1ptev" title="Mar de Láptev – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mar de Láptev" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapteva_maro" title="Lapteva maro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lapteva maro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptev" title="Laptev – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Laptev" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%81" title="دریای لاپتف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دریای لاپتف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptev_Samundar" title="Laptev Samundar – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Laptev Samundar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mer_des_Laptev" title="Mer des Laptev – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mer des Laptev" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptevsee" title="Laptevsee – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Laptevsee" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_Laptev" title="Mar de Laptev – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mar de Laptev" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%8D%ED%85%8C%ED%94%84%ED%95%B4" title="랍테프해 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="랍테프해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%BF%D6%87%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%AE%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Լապտևների ծով – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լապտևների ծով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="लापतेव सागर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लापतेव सागर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptevsko_more" title="Laptevsko more – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Laptevsko more" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baybay_Laptev" title="Baybay Laptev – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Baybay Laptev" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Laptev" title="Laut Laptev – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Laut Laptev" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Лаптевты денджыз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лаптевты денджыз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptevhaf" title="Laptevhaf – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Laptevhaf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_di_Laptev" title="Mare di Laptev – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mare di Laptev" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%91" title="ים לאפטב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ים לאפטב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ლაპტევების ზღვა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლაპტევების ზღვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A3%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Лаптев теңізі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лаптев теңізі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahari_ya_Laptev" title="Bahari ya Laptev – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bahari ya Laptev" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptev_Bira" title="Laptev Bira – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Laptev Bira" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deryaya_Laptev" title="Deryaya Laptev – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Deryaya Laptev" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Лаптевдер деңизи – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лаптевдер деңизи" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Lapteviorum" title="Mare Lapteviorum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mare Lapteviorum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptevu_j%C5%ABra" title="Laptevu jūra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Laptevu jūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptev%C5%B3_j%C5%ABra" title="Laptevų jūra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Laptevų jūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptevzie%C3%AB" title="Laptevzieë – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Laptevzieë" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptyev-tenger" title="Laptyev-tenger – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Laptyev-tenger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Лаптевско Море – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лаптевско Море" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD" title="ലാപ്‌ടേവ് കടൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലാപ്‌ടേവ് കടൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="लापतेव समुद्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लापतेव समुद्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90" title="ლაპტევეფიშ ზუღა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლაპტევეფიშ ზუღა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Laptev" title="Laut Laptev – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laut Laptev" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Лаптевын тэнгис – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лаптевын тэнгис" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptevzee" title="Laptevzee – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Laptevzee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%97%E3%83%86%E3%83%95%E6%B5%B7" title="ラプテフ海 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラプテフ海" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="ЛаптевгӀеран хӀорд – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ЛаптевгӀеран хӀорд" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptevhavet" title="Laptevhavet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Laptevhavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptevhavet" title="Laptevhavet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Laptevhavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_Laptev" title="Mar de Laptev – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mar de Laptev" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptevlar_dengizi" title="Laptevlar dengizi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Laptevlar dengizi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0" title="ਲਾਪਤੇਵ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਾਪਤੇਵ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%B9%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="لیپٹف سمندر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیپٹف سمندر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9C" title="សមុទ្រឡាប់តែវ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សមុទ្រឡាប់តែវ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptewsee" title="Laptewsee – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Laptewsee" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morze_%C5%81aptiew%C3%B3w" title="Morze Łaptiewów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Morze Łaptiewów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_Laptev" title="Mar de Laptev – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mar de Laptev" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marea_Laptev" title="Marea Laptev – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marea Laptev" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85" title="Море Лаптевых – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Море Лаптевых" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%95%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Лаптевтар байҕаллара – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Лаптевтар байҕаллара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deti_Laptev" title="Deti Laptev – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Deti Laptev" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptev_Sea" title="Laptev Sea – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Laptev Sea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/More_Laptevovcov" title="More Laptevovcov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="More Laptevovcov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morje_Laptevov" title="Morje Laptevov – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Morje Laptevov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Лаптевско море – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лаптевско море" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptevsko_more" title="Laptevsko more – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Laptevsko more" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptevinmeri" title="Laptevinmeri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Laptevinmeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptevhavet" title="Laptevhavet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Laptevhavet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="லாப்டேவ் கடல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லாப்டேவ் கடல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Лаптевлар диңгезе – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Лаптевлар диңгезе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9F" title="ทะเลลัปเตฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทะเลลัปเตฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptev_Denizi" title="Laptev Denizi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Laptev Denizi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%91%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Лаптевъёслэн зарезьзы – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Лаптевъёслэн зарезьзы" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Море Лаптєвих – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Море Лаптєвих" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%B9%D9%81" title="بحیرہ لیپٹف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحیرہ لیپٹف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_Laptev" title="Mar de Laptev – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mar de Laptev" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83n_Laptev" title="Biển Laptev – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biển Laptev" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Laptev" title="Dagat Laptev – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dagat Laptev" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E6%8D%B7%E5%A4%AB%E6%B5%B7" title="拉普捷夫海 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拉普捷夫海" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E6%8D%B7%E5%A4%AB%E6%B5%B7" title="拉普捷夫海 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拉普捷夫海" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laptev_Sea&params=76_N_125_E_type:waterbody_scale:10000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">76°N</span> <span class="longitude">125°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">76°N 125°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">76; 125</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Marginal sea in the Arctic Ocean north of Siberia between the Kara Sea and the East Siberian Sea</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Laptev Sea</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laptev_Sea_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Laptev_Sea_map.png/300px-Laptev_Sea_map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Laptev_Sea_map.png/450px-Laptev_Sea_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Laptev_Sea_map.png/600px-Laptev_Sea_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="841" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Krasnoyarsk_Krai.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Laptev Sea is located in Krasnoyarsk Krai"><img alt="Laptev Sea is located in Krasnoyarsk Krai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Relief_Map_of_Krasnoyarsk_Krai.jpg/256px-Relief_Map_of_Krasnoyarsk_Krai.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="439" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Relief_Map_of_Krasnoyarsk_Krai.jpg/384px-Relief_Map_of_Krasnoyarsk_Krai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Relief_Map_of_Krasnoyarsk_Krai.jpg/512px-Relief_Map_of_Krasnoyarsk_Krai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3427" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.747%;left:86.527%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Laptev Sea"><img alt="Laptev Sea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Laptev Sea</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Geographical coordinates">Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laptev_Sea&params=76_N_125_E_type:waterbody_scale:10000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">76°N</span> <span class="longitude">125°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">76°N 125°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">76; 125</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Body_of_water#Waterbody_types" title="Body of water">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">Sea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Basin</a> countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">700,000 km<sup>2</sup> (270,000 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Average depth</th><td class="infobox-data">578 m (1,896 ft)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. depth</th><td class="infobox-data">3,385 m (11,106 ft)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Water volume</th><td class="infobox-data">403,000 km<sup>3</sup> (3.27<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>11</sup> acre⋅ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">References</th><td class="infobox-data note"><sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Laptev Sea</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span></span>-/</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Marginal_sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal sea">marginal sea</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a>. It is located between the northern coast of <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Taimyr_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Taimyr Peninsula">Taimyr Peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Severnaya_Zemlya" title="Severnaya Zemlya">Severnaya Zemlya</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Siberian_Islands" title="New Siberian Islands">New Siberian Islands</a>. Its northern boundary passes from the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Cape" title="Arctic Cape">Arctic Cape</a> to a point with co-ordinates of <a href="/wiki/79th_parallel_north" title="79th parallel north">79°N</a> and <a href="/wiki/139th_meridian_east" title="139th meridian east">139°E</a>, and ends at the Anisiy Cape. The <a href="/wiki/Kara_Sea" title="Kara Sea">Kara Sea</a> lies to the west, the <a href="/wiki/East_Siberian_Sea" title="East Siberian Sea">East Siberian Sea</a> to the east. </p><p>The sea is named after the <a href="/wiki/Russian_explorers" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian explorers">Russian explorers</a> <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Laptev" title="Dmitry Laptev">Dmitry Laptev</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khariton_Laptev" title="Khariton Laptev">Khariton Laptev</a>; formerly, it had been known under various names, the last being <b>Nordenskiöld Sea</b> (Russian: <span lang="ru">мо́ре Норденшёльда</span>), after explorer <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld" title="Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld">Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld</a>. The sea has a severe climate with temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) over more than nine months per year, low water <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salinity</a>, scarcity of flora, fauna and human population, and low depths (mostly less than 50 meters). It is frozen most of the time, though generally clear in August and September. </p><p>The sea shores were inhabited for thousands of years by indigenous tribes of <a href="/wiki/Yukaghirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Yukaghirs">Yukaghirs</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Evens" title="Evens">Evens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evenks" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenks</a>, which were engaged in fishing, hunting and <a href="/wiki/Reindeer_husbandry" class="mw-redirect" title="Reindeer husbandry">reindeer husbandry</a>. They were then settled by <a href="/wiki/Yakuts" title="Yakuts">Yakuts</a> and later by Russians. Russian explorations of the area started in the 17th century. They came from the south via several large rivers which empty into the sea, such as the prominent <a href="/wiki/Lena_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lena River">Lena River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Khatanga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatanga River">Khatanga</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Anabar_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabar River">Anabar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Olenyok_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Olenyok River">Olenyok</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Omoloy_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Omoloy River">Omoloy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yana_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yana River">Yana</a>. The sea contains several dozen islands, many of which contain well-preserved <a href="/wiki/Mammoth" title="Mammoth">mammoth</a> remains. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extent">Extent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laptev_Sea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Extent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BrnBld_LaptevTopo.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/BrnBld_LaptevTopo.pdf/page1-300px-BrnBld_LaptevTopo.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/BrnBld_LaptevTopo.pdf/page1-450px-BrnBld_LaptevTopo.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/BrnBld_LaptevTopo.pdf/page1-600px-BrnBld_LaptevTopo.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="754" /></a><figcaption><b>Laptev Sea's limits</b> as defined by the <a href="/wiki/International_Hydrographic_Organization" title="International Hydrographic Organization">International Hydrographic Organization</a>. This definition and <a href="/wiki/Bathymetry" title="Bathymetry">bathymetry</a> with 1 <a href="/wiki/Minute_of_arc" class="mw-redirect" title="Minute of arc">arc-minute</a> resolution leads to an area of 502000 <a href="/wiki/Km" class="mw-redirect" title="Km">km</a><sup>2</sup> which compares to 672000 <a href="/wiki/Km" class="mw-redirect" title="Km">km</a><sup>2</sup> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=laptev+sea+area">WolframAlpha</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Hydrographic_Organization" title="International Hydrographic Organization">International Hydrographic Organization</a> defines the limits of the Laptev Sea as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p><b>On the West</b> The eastern limit of <a href="/wiki/Kara_Sea" title="Kara Sea">Kara Sea</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Komsomolets_Island" title="Komsomolets Island">Komsomolets Island</a> from <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Cape" title="Arctic Cape">Cape Molotov</a> to South Eastern Cape; thence to Cape Vorochilov, <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution_Island" title="October Revolution Island">Oktiabrskaya Revolutziya Island</a> to Cape Anuchin. Then to Cape Unslicht on <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik_Island" title="Bolshevik Island">Bolshevik Island</a>. Bolshevik Island to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Yevgenov" title="Cape Yevgenov">Cape Yevgenov</a>. Thence to Cape Pronchisthehev on the main land (see Russian chart No. 1484 of the year 1935). </p><p><b>On the North</b> A line joining Cape Molotov to the Northern extremity of <a href="/wiki/Kotelny/Faddeyevsky_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotelny/Faddeyevsky Island">Kotelni Island</a> (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laptev_Sea&params=76_10_N_138_50_E_region:RU_dim:300000&title=Northern+extremity+of+Kotelni+Island"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">76°10′N</span> <span class="longitude">138°50′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">76.167°N 138.833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">76.167; 138.833</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Northern extremity of Kotelni Island</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>). </p><p><b>On the East</b> From the Northern extremity of Kotelni Island – through Kotelni Island to Cape Madvejyi. Then through Malyi Island [<a href="/wiki/Little_Lyakhovsky_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Lyakhovsky Island">Little Lyakhovsky Island</a>], to Cape Vaguin on <a href="/wiki/Bolshoy_Lyakhovsky_Island" title="Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island">Great Liakhov Island</a>. Thence to Cape Sviatoy Nos on the main land. </p> </blockquote> <p>Using current geographic names and <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">transcription</a> this definition corresponds to the area shown in the map. </p> <ol><li>The sea's border starts at <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Cape" title="Arctic Cape">Arctic Cape</a> (formerly Cape Molotov) on <a href="/wiki/Komsomolets_Island" title="Komsomolets Island">Komsomolets Island</a> at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laptev_Sea&params=81_13_N_95_15_E_dim:300000_region:RU&title=Arctic+Cape"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">81°13′N</span> <span class="longitude">95°15′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">81.217°N 95.250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">81.217; 95.250</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Arctic Cape</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> and connects to Cape Rosa Luxemburg <i>(Mys Rozy Lyuksemburg)</i>, the southeastern <a href="/wiki/Cape_(geography)" title="Cape (geography)">cape</a> of the island.</li> <li>The next segment crosses <a href="/wiki/Red_Army_Strait" title="Red Army Strait">Red Army Strait</a> and leads to Cape Vorochilov on <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution_Island" title="October Revolution Island">October Revolution Island</a> and afterwards through that island to Cape Anuchin at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laptev_Sea&params=79_39_37_N_100_21_22_E_dim:300000_region:RU&title=Cape+Anuchin"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">79°39′37″N</span> <span class="longitude">100°21′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">79.66028°N 100.35611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">79.66028; 100.35611</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Cape Anuchin</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>.</li> <li>Next, the border crosses <a href="/wiki/Shokalsky_Strait" title="Shokalsky Strait">Shokalsky Strait</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Unslicht" title="Cape Unslicht">Cape Unslicht</a> at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laptev_Sea&params=79_25_04_N_102_31_00_E_dim:300000_region:RU&title=Cape+Unslicht"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">79°25′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">102°31′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">79.41778°N 102.51667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">79.41778; 102.51667</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Cape Unslicht</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> on <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik_Island" title="Bolshevik Island">Bolshevik Island</a>. It goes further through the island to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Yevgenov" title="Cape Yevgenov">Cape Yevgenov</a> at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laptev_Sea&params=78_17_N_104_50_E_dim:300000_region:RU&title=Cape+Evgenov"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">78°17′N</span> <span class="longitude">104°50′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">78.283°N 104.833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">78.283; 104.833</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Cape Evgenov</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>From there, the border goes through <a href="/wiki/Vilkitsky_Strait" title="Vilkitsky Strait">Vilkitsky Strait</a> to Cape Pronchishchev at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laptev_Sea&params=77_32_57_N_105_54_4_E_dim:300000_region:RU&title=Cape+Pronchishchev"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">77°32′57″N</span> <span class="longitude">105°54′4″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">77.54917°N 105.90111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">77.54917; 105.90111</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Cape Pronchishchev</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> on the <a href="/wiki/Tamyr_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyr peninsula">Tamyr peninsula</a>.</li> <li>The southern boundary is the shore of the Asian mainland. Prominent features are the <a href="/wiki/Khatanga_Gulf" title="Khatanga Gulf">Khatanga Gulf</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Khatanga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatanga River">Khatanga River</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">delta</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lena_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lena River">Lena River</a>.</li> <li>In the east, the polygon crosses the <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Laptev_Strait" title="Dmitry Laptev Strait">Dmitry Laptev Strait</a>. It connects <a href="/wiki/Cape_Svyatoy_Nos_(Laptev_Sea)" title="Cape Svyatoy Nos (Laptev Sea)">Cape Svyatoy Nos</a> at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laptev_Sea&params=72.7_N_141.2_E_dim:300000_region:RU&title=Svyatoy+Nos"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">72°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">141°12′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">72.7°N 141.2°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">72.7; 141.2</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Svyatoy Nos</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> with Cape Vagin at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laptev_Sea&params=73_26_0_N_139_50_0_E_dim:300000_region:RU&title=Cape+Vaguin"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">73°26′0″N</span> <span class="longitude">139°50′0″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">73.43333°N 139.83333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">73.43333; 139.83333</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Cape Vaguin</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> in the very east of <a href="/wiki/Bolshoy_Lyakhovsky_Island" title="Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island">Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island</a>.</li> <li>Next, the Laptev Sea border crosses the Eterikan Strait to <a href="/wiki/Little_Lyakhovsky_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Lyakhovsky Island">Little Lyakhovsky Island</a> (aka Malyi Island) at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laptev_Sea&params=74.0833_N_140.5833_E_dim:300000_region:RU&title=Little+Lyakhovsky+Island"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">74°05′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">140°35′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">74.0833°N 140.5833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">74.0833; 140.5833</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Little Lyakhovsky Island</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> up to Cape Medvezhiy.</li> <li>Finally, there is a segment through <a href="/wiki/Kotelny" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotelny">Kotelny</a> Island to Cape Anisy, its northernmost headland <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laptev_Sea&params=76_10_N_138_50_E_dim:300000_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">76°10′N</span> <span class="longitude">138°50′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">76.167°N 138.833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">76.167; 138.833</span></span></span></a></span></span>.</li> <li>The last link reaches from there back to Arctic Cape.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laptev_Sea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2.jpg/220px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2.jpg/330px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2.jpg/440px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The shore of the <a href="/wiki/Anabar_Bay" title="Anabar Bay">Anabar Bay</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lena_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lena River">Lena River</a>, with its large <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">delta</a>, is the biggest river flowing into the Laptev Sea, and is the second largest river in the Russian Arctic after <a href="/wiki/Yenisei" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenisei">Yenisei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-p_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other important rivers include the <a href="/wiki/Khatanga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatanga River">Khatanga</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Anabar_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabar River">Anabar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Olenyok_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Olenyok River">Olenyok or Olenek</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Omoloy_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Omoloy River">Omoloy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yana_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yana River">Yana</a>. </p><p>The sea shores are winding and form gulfs and bays of various sizes. The coastal landscape is also diverse, with small mountains near the sea in places.<sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main gulfs of the Laptev Sea coast are the <a href="/wiki/Khatanga_Gulf" title="Khatanga Gulf">Khatanga Gulf</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Olenyok_Gulf" title="Olenyok Gulf">Olenyok Gulf</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Buor-Khaya_Gulf" title="Buor-Khaya Gulf">Buor-Khaya Gulf</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yana_Bay" title="Yana Bay">Yana Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are several dozens of islands with the total area of 3,784 km<sup>2</sup> (1,461 sq mi), mostly in the western part of the sea and in the river deltas. Storms and currents due to the ice thawing significantly erode the islands, so the Semenovsky and Vasilievsky islands (74°12"N, 133°E) which were discovered in 1815 have already disappeared.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most significant groups of islands are <a href="/wiki/Severnaya_Zemlya" title="Severnaya Zemlya">Severnaya Zemlya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda_Islands" title="Komsomolskaya Pravda Islands">Komsomolskaya Pravda</a>, Vilkitsky and <a href="/wiki/Faddey_Islands" title="Faddey Islands">Faddey</a>, and the largest individual islands are <a href="/wiki/Bolshoy_Begichev_Island" title="Bolshoy Begichev Island">Bolshoy Begichev</a> (1764 km<sup>2</sup>), <a href="/wiki/Belkovsky_Island" title="Belkovsky Island">Belkovsky</a> (500 km<sup>2</sup>), <a href="/wiki/Maly_Taymyr_Island" title="Maly Taymyr Island">Maly Taymyr</a> (250 km<sup>2</sup>), <a href="/wiki/Stolbovoy_Island" title="Stolbovoy Island">Stolbovoy</a> (170 km<sup>2</sup>), <a href="/wiki/Starokadomsky_Island" title="Starokadomsky Island">Starokadomsky</a> (110 km<sup>2</sup>), and <a href="/wiki/Peschanyy_Island_(Laptev_Sea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peschanyy Island (Laptev Sea)">Peschanyy</a> (17 km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see <a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_the_Laptev_Sea" title="Category:Islands of the Laptev Sea">Islands of the Laptev Sea</a>) </p><p>More than half of the sea (53%) rests on a <a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">continental shelf</a> with the average depths below 50 meters (160 ft), and the areas south from 76°N are shallower than 25 m.<sup id="cite_ref-b1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the northern part, the sea bottom sharply drops to the ocean floor with the depth of the order of 1 kilometer (0.62 mi) (22% of the sea area). There it is covered with <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a>, which is mixed with ice in the shallow areas.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Laptev Sea is bound to the south by the <a href="/wiki/East_Siberian_Lowland" title="East Siberian Lowland">East Siberian Lowland</a>, an alluvial plain mainly composed of sediments of marine origin dating back to the time when the whole area was occupied by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verkhoyansk_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verkhoyansk Sea (page does not exist)">Verkhoyansk Sea</a>, an ancient sea at the edge of the <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Craton" class="mw-redirect" title="Siberian Craton">Siberian Craton</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian</a> period. As centuries went by, gradually, most of the area limiting the sea to the south became filled with the alluvial deposits of modern rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-SN_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SN-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laptev_Sea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climate of the Laptev Sea is Arctic continental and, owing to the remoteness from both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, is one of the most severe among the Arctic seas. <a href="/wiki/Polar_night" title="Polar night">Polar night</a> and <a href="/wiki/Midnight_sun" title="Midnight sun">midnight sun</a> last about three months per year on the south and five months on the north. Air temperatures stay below 0 °С 11 months a year on the north and nine months on the south. The average temperature in January (coldest month) varies across the sea between −31 °C (−24 °F) and −34 °C (−29 °F) and the minimum is −50 °C (−58 °F). In July, the temperature rises to 0 °С (maximum 4 °С) in the north and to 5 °С (maximum 10 °С) in the south, however, it may reach 22–24 °С on the coast in August. The maximum of 32.7 °C (90.9 °F) was recorded in <a href="/wiki/Tiksi" title="Tiksi">Tiksi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strong winds, blizzards and snow storms are common in winter. Snow falls even in summer and is alternating with fogs.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The winds blow from south and south-west in winter with the average speed of 8 m/s which subsides toward the spring. In summer, they change direction to the northerly, and their speed is 3–4 m/s. Relatively weak winds result in low convection in the surface waters, which occurs only to the depth of 5–10 meters.<sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ice">Ice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laptev_Sea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siberia.A2001184.0235.250m.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Siberia.A2001184.0235.250m.jpg/220px-Siberia.A2001184.0235.250m.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Siberia.A2001184.0235.250m.jpg/330px-Siberia.A2001184.0235.250m.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Siberia.A2001184.0235.250m.jpg/440px-Siberia.A2001184.0235.250m.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3600" /></a><figcaption>The frozen Laptev Sea. Thinning of the ice reveals blue and green water color. New Siberian Islands are near the middle and the Great Siberian Polynya is in the left part of the image.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Laptev Sea is a major source of <a href="/wiki/Arctic_ice_pack" title="Arctic ice pack">arctic sea ice</a>. With an average outflow of 483,000 km<sup>2</sup> per year over the period 1979–1995, it contributes more sea ice than the <a href="/wiki/Barents_Sea" title="Barents Sea">Barents Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kara_Sea" title="Kara Sea">Kara Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Siberian_Sea" title="East Siberian Sea">East Siberian Sea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chukchi_Sea" title="Chukchi Sea">Chukchi Sea</a> combined. Over this period, the annual outflow fluctuated between 251,000 km<sup>2</sup> in 1984–85 and 732,000 km<sup>2</sup> in 1988–89. The sea exports substantial amounts of sea ice in all months but July, August and September.<sup id="cite_ref-j1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Usually, ice formation starts in September on the north and October on the south, though it has progressively begun later because of human-driven <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020 Siberia experienced record-breaking heat and formation did not begin until late October, marking the latest start ever recorded.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ice formation results in a large continuous sheet of ice, with the thickness up to 2 meters (6 ft 7 in) in the south-eastern part of the sea as well as near the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-j1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coastal sheet ends at the water depth of 20–25 m which occurs at several hundred kilometers from the shore, thus this coastal ice covers some 30% of the sea area. Ice is drifting north to this coastal band,<sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and several <a href="/wiki/Polynya" title="Polynya">polynyas</a> are formed by the warm south winds around there. They have various names, such as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Siberian_Polynya" title="Great Siberian Polynya">Great Siberian Polynya</a>, and can stretch over many hundreds kilometers.<sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ice sheet usually starts melting from late May to early June, creating fragmented ice agglomerates on the north-west and south-east and often revealing remains of the mammoths. The ice formation varies from year to year, with the sea either clear or completely covered with ice.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hydrology">Hydrology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laptev_Sea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hydrology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sea is characterized by the low water temperatures, which ranges from −1.8 °C (28.8 °F) in the north to −0.8 °C (30.6 °F) in the south-eastern parts. The medium water layer is warmer, up to 1.5 °С because it is fed by the warm Atlantic waters. It takes them 2.5–3 years to reach the Laptev Sea from their formation near <a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deeper layer is colder at about −0.8 °С. In summer, the surface layer in the ice-free zones warms up by the sun up to 8–10 °С in the bays and 2–3 °С in the open sea, and remains close to 0 °С under ice. The water <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salinity</a> is significantly affected by the thawing of ice and river runoff. The latter amounts to about 730 km<sup>3</sup> and would form a 135 cm freshwater layer over the entire sea; it is the second largest in the world after the <a href="/wiki/Kara_Sea" title="Kara Sea">Kara Sea</a>. The salinity values vary in winter from 20 to 25‰ (parts per thousand) in the south-east to 34‰ in the northern parts of the sea; it decreases in summer to 5–10‰ and 30–32‰ respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the river runoff (about 70% or 515 km<sup>3</sup>/year) is contributed by the Lena River. Other major contributions are from Khatanga (more than 100 km<sup>3</sup>), Olenyok (35 km<sup>3</sup>), Yana (greater than 30 km<sup>3</sup>) and Anabar (20 km<sup>3</sup>), with other rivers contributing about 20 km<sup>3</sup>. Owing to the ice melting season, about 90% of the annual runoff occurs between June and September with 35–40% in August alone, whereas January contributes only 5%.<sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sea currents form a cyclone consisting of the southward stream near Severnaya Zemlya which reaches the continental coast and flows along it from west to east. It is then amplified by the Lena River flow and diverts to the north and north-west toward the Arctic Ocean. A small part of the cyclone leaks through the <a href="/wiki/Sannikov_Strait" title="Sannikov Strait">Sannikov Strait</a> to the East Siberian Sea. The cyclone has a speed of 2 cm/s which decreases toward the center. The center of the cyclone drifts with time that slightly alters the flow character.<sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tides are mostly semi-diurnal (rise twice a day), with the average amplitude of 0.5 meters (1 ft 8 in). In the <a href="/wiki/Khatanga_Gulf" title="Khatanga Gulf">Khatanga Gulf</a> it may reach 2 m because of the funnel-like shape of the gulf.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This tidal wave is then noticeable up to the unusually long distance of 500 km up to the <a href="/wiki/Khatanga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatanga River">Khatanga River</a> – the tidal wave is damped at much shorter distance in other rivers of the Laptev Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The seasonal variations of the sea level are relatively small – the sea level rises up to 40 cm (16 in) in summer near the river deltas and lowers in winter. Wind-induced changes are observed all through the year, but are more frequent in autumn when the winds are strong and steady. In general, the sea level rises with northern and lowers with southern winds, but depending on the area, the maximum amplitude is observed for a specific wind direction (e.g. western and north-western in the south-eastern part of the sea). They average amplitudes are 1–2 m and may exceed 2.5 meters (8 ft 2 in) near Tiksi.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Owing to the weak winds and shallow waters, the sea is relatively calm with the waves typically within 1 meter (3 ft 3 in). In July–August waves up to 4–5 m are observed near the sea center, and they may reach 6 meters (20 ft) in autumn.<sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_exploration">History and exploration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laptev_Sea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History and exploration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yukaghir_map_XVII-XX.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Yukaghir_map_XVII-XX.png/220px-Yukaghir_map_XVII-XX.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Yukaghir_map_XVII-XX.png/330px-Yukaghir_map_XVII-XX.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Yukaghir_map_XVII-XX.png/440px-Yukaghir_map_XVII-XX.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>The distribution of Yukaghirs in the 17th century (hatched). <a href="/wiki/Chuvans" title="Chuvans">Chuvans</a> are marked in pink.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Even_women.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Even_women.jpg/220px-Even_women.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Even_women.jpg/330px-Even_women.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Even_women.jpg/440px-Even_women.jpg 2x" data-file-width="651" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Even women in ethnic costume, early 20th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>The coast of the Laptev Sea was inhabited for ages by the native peoples of northern Siberia such as <a href="/wiki/Yukaghirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Yukaghirs">Yukaghirs</a> and Chuvans (sub-tribe of Yukaghirs).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those tribes were engaged in fishing, hunting and <a href="/wiki/Reindeer_husbandry" class="mw-redirect" title="Reindeer husbandry">reindeer husbandry</a>, as reindeer sleds were essential for transportation and hunting. They were joined and absorbed by <a href="/wiki/Evens" title="Evens">Evens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evenks" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenks</a> around the 2nd century and later, between 9th and 15th centuries, by much more numerous <a href="/wiki/Yakuts" title="Yakuts">Yakuts</a>. All those tribes moved north from the <a href="/wiki/Baikal_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Baikal Lake">Baikal Lake</a> area avoiding confrontations with Mongols. Whereas they all practiced <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamanism</a>, they spoke different languages.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russians started exploring the Laptev Sea coast and the nearby islands some time in the 17th century, going through the rivers emptying into the sea. Many early explorations were likely unreported, as indicated by graves found on some of the islands by their official discoverers. In 1629, <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Cossacks" title="Siberian Cossacks">Siberian Cossacks</a> went through the <a href="/wiki/Lena_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lena River">Lena River</a> and reached its delta. They left a note that the river flows into a sea. In 1633, another group reached the delta of Olenyok.<sup id="cite_ref-hist_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1712, <a href="/wiki/Yakov_Permyakov" title="Yakov Permyakov">Yakov Permyakov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merkury_Vagin" title="Merkury Vagin">Merkury Vagin</a> explored the eastern part of the Laptev Sea and discovered <a href="/wiki/Bolshoy_Lyakhovsky_Island" title="Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island">Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, they were killed on the way back from their expedition by mutineering team members. In 1770, the merchant <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Lyakhov" title="Ivan Lyakhov">Ivan Lyakhov</a> revisited the islands and then asked the government for permission to commercially develop their ivory resources. <a href="/wiki/Catherine_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine II of Russia">Catherine II</a> granted permission and named the islands after Lyakhov. While exploring the area in the 1770s, Lyakhov described several other islands, including Kotelny, which he named so after a large kettle (Russian: <span lang="ru">котёл</span> – kotel) left there by previous visitors. He also established first permanent settlements on those islands.<sup id="cite_ref-belov_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-belov-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1735, Russian explorer of Siberia <a href="/wiki/Vasili_Pronchishchev" title="Vasili Pronchishchev">Vasili Pronchishchev</a> sailed from <a href="/wiki/Yakutsk" title="Yakutsk">Yakutsk</a> down the <a href="/wiki/Lena_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lena River">Lena River</a> on his sloop <i>Yakutsk</i>. He explored the eastern coast of the Lena delta, and stopped to winter at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Olenyok_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Olenyok River">Olenyok River</a>. Unfortunately many members of his crew fell ill and died, mainly from <a href="/wiki/Scurvy" title="Scurvy">scurvy</a>. Despite these difficulties, in 1736, he reached the eastern shore of the <a href="/wiki/Taymyr_Peninsula" title="Taymyr Peninsula">Taymyr Peninsula</a> and went north surveying its coastline. Pronchishchev and his wife succumbed to scurvy and died on the way back.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Pronchishcheva_Bay" title="Maria Pronchishcheva Bay">Maria Pronchishcheva Bay</a> in the Laptev Sea is named after the wife of Pronchishchev. </p><p>During the 1739–1742 <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Expedition" title="Great Northern Expedition">Great Northern Expedition</a>, Russian Arctic explorer and Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Laptev" title="Dmitry Laptev">Dmitry Laptev</a> described the sea coastline from the mouth of the Lena River, along the Buor-Khaya and Yana gulfs, to the strait that bears his name, <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Laptev_Strait" title="Dmitry Laptev Strait">Dmitry Laptev Strait</a>. As part of the same expedition, Dmitry's cousin <a href="/wiki/Khariton_Laptev" title="Khariton Laptev">Khariton Laptev</a>'s led a party that surveyed the coast of the Taimyr Peninsula starting from the mouth of the Khatanga River.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_schooner_Zarya,_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Russian_schooner_Zarya%2C_1910.jpg/220px-Russian_schooner_Zarya%2C_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Russian_schooner_Zarya%2C_1910.jpg/330px-Russian_schooner_Zarya%2C_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Russian_schooner_Zarya%2C_1910.jpg/440px-Russian_schooner_Zarya%2C_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption><i>Zarya</i> in 1902 during her second wintering</figcaption></figure> <p>Detailed mapping of the coast of the Laptev Sea and New Siberian Islands was performed by <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Anjou" title="Pyotr Anjou">Pyotr Anjou</a>, who in 1821–1823 traveled some 14,000 km (8,700 mi) over the region on sledges and small boats, searching for the <a href="/wiki/Sannikov_Land" title="Sannikov Land">Sannikov Land</a> and demonstrating that large-scale coastal observations can be performed without ships. <a href="/wiki/Anzhu_Islands" title="Anzhu Islands">Anzhu Islands</a> (the northern part of New Siberian Islands) were named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1875, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld" title="Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld">Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld</a> was the first to travel across the whole sea on a steamship <i>Vega</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-hist_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1892–1894, and again in 1900–1902, <a href="/wiki/Baron_Eduard_von_Toll" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Eduard von Toll">Baron Eduard von Toll</a> explored the Laptev Sea in the course of two separate expeditions. On the ship <i><a href="/wiki/Zarya_(polar_ship)" title="Zarya (polar ship)">Zarya</a></i>, Toll carried out geological and geographical surveys in the area on behalf of the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences. In his last expedition Toll disappeared off the New Siberian Islands under mysterious circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-belov_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-belov-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toll noted<sup id="cite_ref-vonToll1895_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vonToll1895-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sizable and economically significant accumulations of perfectly preserved <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossil</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> in recent beaches, drainage areas, <a href="/wiki/River_terrace" class="mw-redirect" title="River terrace">river terraces</a> and river beds within the New Siberian Islands. The later scientific studies demonstrated that the ivory accumulated over a period of some 200,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Andreev2004_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andreev2004-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Makeyevvothers2003_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Makeyevvothers2003-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ivanovavothers1999_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ivanovavothers1999-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naming">Naming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laptev_Sea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Naming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name of the Laptev Sea changed several times. It was apparently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The reason for this is unclear. (November 2010)">why?</span></a></i>]</sup> known as the Tartar Sea (Russian: <span lang="ru">Татарское мо́ре</span>) in the 16th century, the Lena Sea (Russian: <span lang="ru">Ленское мо́ре</span>) in the 17th century, the Siberian Sea (Russian: <span lang="ru">Сибирское мо́ре</span>) in the 18th century and the Icy Sea (Russian: <span lang="ru">Ледовитое мо́ре</span>) in the 19th century. It acquired the name Nordenskjold Sea (Russian: <span lang="ru">мо́ре Норденшельда</span>) in 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27 June 1935, the sea finally received its current name after the cousins <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Laptev" title="Dmitry Laptev">Dmitry Laptev</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khariton_Laptev" title="Khariton Laptev">Khariton Laptev</a> who first mapped its shores in 1735–1740.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laptev_Sea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_species_on_Severnaya_Zemlya" title="List of species on Severnaya Zemlya">List of species on Severnaya Zemlya</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snowy_Owl_-_Schnee-Eule.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Snowy_Owl_-_Schnee-Eule.jpg/220px-Snowy_Owl_-_Schnee-Eule.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Snowy_Owl_-_Schnee-Eule.jpg/330px-Snowy_Owl_-_Schnee-Eule.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Snowy_Owl_-_Schnee-Eule.jpg/440px-Snowy_Owl_-_Schnee-Eule.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Snowy_owl" title="Snowy owl">Snowy owl</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plectrophenax_nivalis1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Plectrophenax_nivalis1.jpg/220px-Plectrophenax_nivalis1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Plectrophenax_nivalis1.jpg/330px-Plectrophenax_nivalis1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Plectrophenax_nivalis1.jpg/440px-Plectrophenax_nivalis1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3221" data-file-height="2377" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Snow_bunting" title="Snow bunting">Snow bunting</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Both flora and fauna are scarce owing to the harsh climate. Vegetation of the sea is mostly represented by <a href="/wiki/Diatom" title="Diatom">diatoms</a>, with more than 100 species. In comparison, the number of <a href="/wiki/Green_algae" title="Green algae">green algae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue-green_algae" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue-green algae">blue-green algae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flagellate" title="Flagellate">flagellate</a> species is about 10 each. The <a href="/wiki/Phytoplankton" title="Phytoplankton">phytoplankton</a> is characteristic of brackish waters<sup id="cite_ref-b1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has a total concentration of about 0.2 mg/L. There are about 30 species of <a href="/wiki/Zooplankton" title="Zooplankton">zooplankton</a> with the concentration reaching 0.467 mg/L.<sup id="cite_ref-p_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coastal flora mainly consists of mosses and lichens and a few flowering plants including <a href="/wiki/Papaver_radicatum" title="Papaver radicatum">Arctic poppy</a> (<i>Papaver radicatum</i>), <i><a href="/wiki/Saxifraga" title="Saxifraga">Saxifraga</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Draba" title="Draba">Draba</a></i> and small populations of polar (<i><a href="/wiki/Salix_polaris" title="Salix polaris">Salix polaris</a></i>) and creeping (<i><a href="/wiki/Salicaceae" title="Salicaceae">Salicaceae</a></i>) willows.<sup id="cite_ref-flora_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flora-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rare <a href="/wiki/Vascular_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Vascular plants">vascular plants</a> include species of <i><a href="/wiki/Cerastium" title="Cerastium">Cerastium</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Saxifraga" title="Saxifraga">Saxifraga</a></i>. Non-vascular plants include the <a href="/wiki/Moss" title="Moss">moss</a> genera <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Detrichum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detrichum (page does not exist)">Detrichum</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dicranum" title="Dicranum">Dicranum</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pogonatum" title="Pogonatum">Pogonatum</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sanionia" title="Sanionia">Sanionia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bryum" title="Bryum">Bryum</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Orthothecium" title="Orthothecium">Orthothecium</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tortura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tortura (page does not exist)">Tortura</a></i>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichen</a> genera <i><a href="/wiki/Cetraria" title="Cetraria">Cetraria</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Thamnolia" title="Thamnolia">Thamnolia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cornicularia" title="Cornicularia">Cornicularia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lecidea" title="Lecidea">Lecidea</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ochrolechia" title="Ochrolechia">Ochrolechia</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Parmelia_(lichen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parmelia (lichen)">Parmelia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Permanent mammal species include <a href="/wiki/Ringed_seal" title="Ringed seal">ringed seal</a> (<i>Phoca hispida</i>), <a href="/wiki/Bearded_seal" title="Bearded seal">bearded seal</a> (<i>Erignathus barbatus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Harp_seal" title="Harp seal">harp seal</a> (<i>Pagophilus groenlandicus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">walrus</a> (<i>Odobenus rosmarus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Collared_lemming" title="Collared lemming">collared lemming</a> (<i>Dicrostonyx torquatus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Arctic_fox" title="Arctic fox">Arctic fox</a> (<i>Alopex lagopus</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-unep_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unep-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">reindeer</a> (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">wolf</a> (<i>Canis lupus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">ermine</a> (<i>Mustela erminea</i>), <a href="/wiki/Arctic_hare" title="Arctic hare">Arctic hare</a> (<i>Lepus timidus</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">polar bear</a> (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>), whereas <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">beluga whales</a> (<i>Delphinapterus leucas</i>) visit the region seasonally.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The walrus of the Laptev Sea is sometimes distinguished as a separate subspecies <i>Odobenus rosmarus laptevi</i>, though this attribution is questioned.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are several dozens species of birds. Some belong to permanent (tundra) species, such as <a href="/wiki/Snow_bunting" title="Snow bunting">snow bunting</a> (<i>Plectrophenax nivalis</i>), <a href="/wiki/Purple_sandpiper" title="Purple sandpiper">purple sandpiper</a> (<i>Calidris maritima</i>), <a href="/wiki/Snowy_owl" title="Snowy owl">snowy owl</a> (<i>Bubo scandiacus</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Brent_goose" class="mw-redirect" title="Brent goose">brent goose</a> and other make large colonies on the islands and sea shores. The latter include <a href="/wiki/Little_auk" title="Little auk">little auk</a> (<i>Alle alle</i>), <a href="/wiki/Black-legged_kittiwake" title="Black-legged kittiwake">black-legged kittiwake</a> (<i>Rissa tridactyla</i>), <a href="/wiki/Black_guillemot" title="Black guillemot">black guillemot</a> (<i>Cepphus grylle</i>), <a href="/wiki/Ivory_gull" title="Ivory gull">ivory gull</a> (<i>Pagophila eburnea</i>), <i><a href="/wiki/Uria" title="Uria">uria</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Charadriiformes" title="Charadriiformes">charadriiformes</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Glaucous_gull" title="Glaucous gull">glaucous gull</a> (<i>Larus hyperboreus</i>). Among other bird species are <a href="/wiki/Skua" title="Skua">skua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sterna" title="Sterna">sterna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_fulmar" title="Northern fulmar">northern fulmar</a>, (<i>Fulmarus glacialis</i>), <a href="/wiki/Ivory_gull" title="Ivory gull">ivory gull</a> (<i>Pagophila eburnea</i>), <a href="/wiki/Glaucous_gull" title="Glaucous gull">glaucous gull</a> (<i>Larus hyperboreus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Ross%27s_gull" title="Ross's gull">Ross's gull</a> (<i>Rhodostethia rosea</i>), <a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_duck" title="Long-tailed duck">long-tailed duck</a> (<i>Clangula hyemalis</i>), <a href="/wiki/Eider" title="Eider">eider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loon" title="Loon">loon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willow_grouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Willow grouse">willow grouse</a> (<i>Lagopus lagopus</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-flora_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flora-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ucalgary1_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucalgary1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 39 fish species, mostly typical of braskish environment;<sup id="cite_ref-b1_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the major ones are <a href="/wiki/Thymallus" title="Thymallus">grayling</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Coregonus" title="Coregonus">Coregonus</a></i> (whitefishes), such as <a href="/wiki/Muksun" title="Muksun">muksun</a> (<i>Coregonus muksun</i>), <a href="/wiki/Broad_whitefish" title="Broad whitefish">broad whitefish</a> (<i>Coregonus nasus</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Omul" title="Omul">omul</a> (<i>Coregonus autumnalis</i>). Also common are <a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">sardine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arctic_cisco" title="Arctic cisco">Arctic cisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bering_cisco" title="Bering cisco">Bering cisco</a>, polar <a href="/wiki/European_smelt" title="European smelt">smelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saffron_cod" title="Saffron cod">saffron cod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polar_cod" class="mw-redirect" title="Polar cod">polar cod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">flounder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arctic_char" title="Arctic char">Arctic char</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stenodus_leucichthys" title="Stenodus leucichthys">inconnu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1985, the <a href="/wiki/Lena_Delta_Wildlife_Reserve" title="Lena Delta Wildlife Reserve">Ust-Lena Nature Reserve</a> was established in the delta (from Russian: <span lang="ru">устье</span> – <i>ust</i>, meaning <i>delta</i>) of the Lena River with an area of 14,300 km<sup>2</sup>. In 1986, New Siberian Islands were included into the reserve. The reserve hosts numerous plants (402 species), fishes (32 species), birds (109 species) and mammals (33 species).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_activities">Human activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laptev_Sea&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Human activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The coast of the sea is shared by the <a href="/wiki/Sakha_Republic" title="Sakha Republic">Sakha Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anabarsky_District" title="Anabarsky District">Anabarsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulunsky_District" title="Bulunsky District">Bulunsky District</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ust-Yansky_District" title="Ust-Yansky District">Ust-Yansky</a> districts) on the east and <a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk_Krai" title="Krasnoyarsk Krai">Krasnoyarsk Krai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taymyrsky_Dolgano-Nenetsky_District" title="Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District">Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District</a>) of Russia on the west. The coastal settlements are few and small, with the typical population of a few hundred or less. The only exception is <a href="/wiki/Tiksi" title="Tiksi">Tiksi</a> (population 5,873), which is the administrative center of the Bulunsky District. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fishery_and_navigation">Fishery and navigation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laptev_Sea&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fishery and navigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiksi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Tiksi.jpg/220px-Tiksi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Tiksi.jpg/330px-Tiksi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Tiksi.jpg/440px-Tiksi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Tiksi in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>Fishery and hunting have relatively small volume and are mostly concentrated in the river deltas.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Data are available for the Khatanga Bay and deltas of the Lena and Yana rivers from 1981 to 1991 which translate into about 3,000 tonnes of fish annually. Extrapolated, they give the following annual estimates (in thousand tonnes) by species: <a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">sardine</a> (1.2), <a href="/wiki/Arctic_cisco" title="Arctic cisco">Arctic cisco</a> (2.0), <a href="/wiki/Bering_cisco" title="Bering cisco">Bering cisco</a> (2.7), <a href="/wiki/Broad_whitefish" title="Broad whitefish">broad whitefish</a> (2.6), <a href="/wiki/Muksun" title="Muksun">Muksun</a> (2.4) and others (3.6).<sup id="cite_ref-unep_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unep-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hunting sea mammals is only practiced by native people. In particular, walrus hunting is only allowed by scientific expeditions and local tribes for subsistence.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite freezing, navigation is a major human activity on the Laptev Sea with the major port in <a href="/wiki/Tiksi" title="Tiksi">Tiksi</a>. During <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">Soviet times</a>, the Laptev Sea coastal areas experienced a limited boom owing to the first icebreaker convoys plying the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sea_Route" title="Northern Sea Route">Northern Sea Route</a> and the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Directorate_of_the_Northern_Sea_Route" title="Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route">Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route</a>. The route was difficult even for icebreakers – so <i><a href="/wiki/Lenin_(1916_icebreaker)" title="Lenin (1916 icebreaker)">Lenin</a></i> (pictured) and her convoy of five ships were trapped in ice in the Laptev Sea around September 1937. They spent an enforced winter there and were rescued by another icebreaker <i><a href="/wiki/Krasin_(1916_icebreaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Krasin (1916 icebreaker)">Krasin</a></i> in August 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-barr_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barr-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major transported goods were timber, fur and construction materials.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tiksi had an active airport, and <a href="/wiki/Nordvik_(Laptev_Sea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordvik (Laptev Sea)">Nordvik</a> harbor further west was "a growing town,"<sup id="cite_ref-barr_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barr-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though it was closed in the mid-1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-n1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-n2_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n2-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ib-lenin1b.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ib-lenin1b.PNG/220px-Ib-lenin1b.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ib-lenin1b.PNG/330px-Ib-lenin1b.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ib-lenin1b.PNG/440px-Ib-lenin1b.PNG 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>Icebreaker <i><a href="/wiki/Lenin_(1916_icebreaker)" title="Lenin (1916 icebreaker)">Lenin</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>After the break-up of the Soviet Union commercial navigation in the Siberian Arctic went into decline in the 1990s. More or less regular shipping is to be found only from <a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a> to <a href="/wiki/Dudinka" title="Dudinka">Dudinka</a> in the west and between <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pevek" title="Pevek">Pevek</a> in the east. Ports between Dudinka and Pevek see next to no shipping at all. <a href="/wiki/Logashkino" title="Logashkino">Logashkino</a> was abandoned in 1998 and is now a <a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">ghost town</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ATS_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ATS-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mining">Mining</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laptev_Sea&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1930, deposits of coal, oil and salt were discovered around the <a href="/wiki/Nordvik_Bay" title="Nordvik Bay">Nordvik Bay</a>. In order to explore them in the extreme Arctic conditions, a <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a> penal <a href="/wiki/Labor_camp" title="Labor camp">labor camp</a> was established in Nordvik. Drilling revealed only small, shallow oil pockets in connection with salt structures with little commercial significance. However the salt was extracted on a large scale by means of <a href="/wiki/Forced_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced labor">forced laborers</a> in a penal colony. From the 1930s onwards Nordvik became an important source of salt supply for the northern fisheries. Although the original prospects for oil at Nordvik did not materialize, experience was gained in the exploration for hydrocarbons within the continuous permafrost zones. This experience proved invaluable in the later exploration and exploitation of the massive oil and gas fields of Western <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>. The penal colony was closed and its traces erased in the mid-1940s right before Americans arrived in Nordvik as allies of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-n1_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-n2_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n2-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, Rosneft found oil in the Laptev Sea at its Tsentralno-Olginskaya-1 well.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Anabar District of Sakha, in the village of Mayat there is one of the northernmost diamond mines.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also tin and gold mines in the Ust-Yansky District.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laptev_Sea&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The meteorological station of Tiksi has been renovated in 2006 (for example, it has internet connection and security cameras with a wireless interface) and has become part of the Atmospheric Observatory program of the US <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> agency. The program aims at long-term, systematic and thorough measurements of clouds, radiation, aerosols, surface energy fluxes and chemistry in the Arctic. It is based on <a href="/wiki/File:NOAA_Arctic_Atmospheric_Observing_Network.jpg" title="File:NOAA Arctic Atmospheric Observing Network.jpg">four Arctic stations</a> at one of the world's <a href="/wiki/Northernmost_cities_and_towns" class="mw-redirect" title="Northernmost cities and towns">northernmost settlements</a>, namely <a href="/wiki/Eureka,_Nunavut" title="Eureka, Nunavut">Eureka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alert,_Nunavut" title="Alert, Nunavut">Alert</a> in Canada (in particular, Alert is the northernmost permanently inhabited place on Earth, only 817 km (508 mi) from the North Pole<sup id="cite_ref-alert1_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alert1-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), Tiksi in Russia, and <a href="/wiki/Utqiagvik,_Alaska" title="Utqiagvik, Alaska">Utqiagvik</a> in Alaska.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pollution">Pollution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laptev_Sea&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The water pollution is relatively low and mostly originates from the numerous plants and mines standing on the Lena, Yana and Anabar rivers. Their waste is contaminated with phenols (0.002–0.007 mg/L), copper (0.001–0.012 mg/L) and zinc (0.01–0.03 mg/L) and is continuously washed down the rivers into the sea. Another regular polluter is the coastal <a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">Urban-type settlement</a> of Tiksi. Occasional petrol spills occurred due to navigation and petrol mining.<sup id="cite_ref-p_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another major contaminant is associated with floating and sunken wood in the sea, due to decades of rafting activities. As a result, the phenol concentration in the Laptev Sea is the highest over the Arctic waters.<sup id="cite_ref-unep_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unep-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laptev_sea_sunset.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Laptev Sea. Sunset."><img alt="Laptev Sea. Sunset." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Laptev_sea_sunset.JPG/270px-Laptev_sea_sunset.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Laptev_sea_sunset.JPG/405px-Laptev_sea_sunset.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Laptev_sea_sunset.JPG/540px-Laptev_sea_sunset.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Laptev Sea. Sunset.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laptev_sea_ice_hummocks.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Laptev Sea. Ice hummocks."><img alt="Laptev Sea. Ice hummocks." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Laptev_sea_ice_hummocks.JPG/337px-Laptev_sea_ice_hummocks.JPG" decoding="async" width="225" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Laptev_sea_ice_hummocks.JPG/505px-Laptev_sea_ice_hummocks.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Laptev_sea_ice_hummocks.JPG/673px-Laptev_sea_ice_hummocks.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3921" data-file-height="2098" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Laptev Sea. Ice hummocks.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 206px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 204px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laptev_sea.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Hivus-10 hovercraft on Laptev Sea"><img alt="Hivus-10 hovercraft on Laptev Sea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Laptev_sea.JPG/306px-Laptev_sea.JPG" decoding="async" width="204" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Laptev_sea.JPG/458px-Laptev_sea.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Laptev_sea.JPG/611px-Laptev_sea.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4206" data-file-height="2480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hivus-10 hovercraft on Laptev Sea</div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laptev_Sea&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea#List_of_seas" title="Sea">List of seas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laptev_Sea&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li>Russian: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">море Лаптевых</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>:</small> <span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">more Laptevyh</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈmorʲe<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɫaptʲɪvɨx]</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_language" title="Yakut language">Yakut</a>: <span lang="sah">Лаптевтар байҕаллара</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Yakut-language romanization"><i lang="sah-Latn">Laptevtar bayğallara</i></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laptev_Sea&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bse-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bse.sci-lib.com/article068747.html">Laptev Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Soviet_Encyclopedia" title="Great Soviet Encyclopedia">Great Soviet Encyclopedia</a> (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/330412/Laptev-Sea">Laptev Sea</a>, Encyclopædia Britannica on-line</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rev-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arctic&rft.atitle=The+Drift+of+Lenin%27s+Convoy+in+the+Laptev+Sea%2C+1937%E2%80%931938&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-20&rft.date=1980-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14430%2Farctic2543&rft.au=William+Barr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.aina.ucalgary.ca%2Farctic%2FArctic33-1-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaptev+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n1-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-n1_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-n1_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memorial.krsk.ru/Public/90/1990_2.htm">Нордвикские записки</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070106063539/http://memorial.krsk.ru/Public/90/1990_2.htm">Archived</a> 2007-01-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (notes of the Nordvik expedition), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memorial.krsk.ru/public/90/1990_6.htm">Кровь, пот и соль «Нордвикстроя»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110521213137/http://www.memorial.krsk.ru/Public/90/1990_6.htm">Archived</a> 2011-05-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n2-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-n2_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-n2_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dead-cities.ru/city/Nordvik">посёлок Нордвик</a>, dead-cities.ru (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ATS-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ATS_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Resolution No. 443 of 29 September 1998 <i>On Exclusion of Inhabited Localities from the Records of Administrative and Territorial Division of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/rosneft-discovers-oil-in-laptev-sea">"Rosneft Discovers Oil in Laptev Sea"</a>. <i>maritime-executive.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=maritime-executive.com&rft.atitle=Rosneft+Discovers+Oil+in+Laptev+Sea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maritime-executive.com%2Farticle%2Frosneft-discovers-oil-in-laptev-sea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaptev+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811071126/http://alanab.ykt.ru/content/blogcategory/45/73/">"Diamonds of Anabar"</a>. <i>ykt.ru</i> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alanab.ykt.ru/content/blogcategory/45/73/">the original</a> on 11 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ykt.ru&rft.atitle=Diamonds+of+Anabar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falanab.ykt.ru%2Fcontent%2Fblogcategory%2F45%2F73%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaptev+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606220901/http://www.xumuk.ru/catalog/52/56-4-6757.html">"XuMuK.ru - ГОРНАЯ КОМПАНИЯ ЮЖНАЯ, ООО - Добыча руд и песков драгоценных металлов (золота, серебра и металлов платиновой группы), регион РЕСПУБЛИКА САХА (ЯКУТИЯ)"</a>. <i>www.xumuk.ru</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xumuk.ru/catalog/52/56-4-6757.html">the original</a> on 6 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.xumuk.ru&rft.atitle=XuMuK.ru+-+%D0%93%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%AF+%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%9C%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%AF+%D0%AE%D0%96%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%AF%2C+%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9E+-+%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2+%28%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%2C+%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%8B%29%2C+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9F%D0%A3%D0%91%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%9A%D0%90+%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A5%D0%90+%28%D0%AF%D0%9A%D0%A3%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%AF%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xumuk.ru%2Fcatalog%2F52%2F56-4-6757.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaptev+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alert1-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alert1_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds,_Lindor2000" class="citation news cs1">Reynolds, Lindor (31 August 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120725062256/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/445998211.html?dids=445998211:445998211&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+31%2C+2000&author=Reynolds%2C+Lindor&pub=Daily+Mercury&desc=Life+is+cold+and+hard+and+desolate+at+Alert%2C+Nunavut&pqatl=google">"Life is cold and hard and desolate at Alert, Nunavut"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Guelph_Mercury" title="Guelph Mercury">Guelph Mercury</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/445998211.html?dids=445998211:445998211&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+31%2C+2000&author=Reynolds%2C+Lindor&pub=Daily+Mercury&desc=Life+is+cold+and+hard+and+desolate+at+Alert%2C+Nunavut&pqatl=google">the original</a> on July 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guelph+Mercury&rft.atitle=Life+is+cold+and+hard+and+desolate+at+Alert%2C+Nunavut&rft.date=2000-08-31&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+Lindor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fthestar%2Faccess%2F445998211.html%3Fdids%3D445998211%3A445998211%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AFT%26type%3Dcurrent%26date%3DAug%2B31%252C%2B2000%26author%3DReynolds%252C%2BLindor%26pub%3DDaily%2BMercury%26desc%3DLife%2Bis%2Bcold%2Band%2Bhard%2Band%2Bdesolate%2Bat%2BAlert%252C%2BNunavut%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaptev+Sea" class="Z3988"></span> ("Twice a year, the military resupply Alert, the world's northernmost settlement.")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/arctic/search/">A Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) Arctic Atmospheric Observatories</a>, NOAA</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laptev_Sea&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Laptev_Sea" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Laptev Sea">Laptev Sea</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Laptev Sea Islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Russia&#124;link=Russia_Islands_of_the_Laptev_Sea_(Russian_Arctic)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Islands of the Laptev Sea (Russian Arctic)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunay_Islands" title="Dunay Islands">Aerosyomki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzhu_Islands" title="Anzhu Islands">Anzhu Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lena River">Arangastakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belkovsky_Island" title="Belkovsky Island">Belkovsky Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshevik_Island" title="Bolshevik Island"> Bolshevik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshoy_Begichev_Island" title="Bolshoy Begichev Island">Bolshoy Begichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brusneva_Island" title="Brusneva Island"> Brusneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunay_Islands" title="Dunay Islands">Bulgunnyakhtakh-Belkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lena River">Chychas-Aryta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salkay_Island" title="Salkay Island">Daldalakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lena River">Dallalakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunay_Islands" title="Dunay Islands">Dunay Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olenyok_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Olenyok River">Dzhyangylakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faddey_Islands" title="Faddey Islands">Faddey Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshoy_Lyakhovsky_Island" title="Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island">Bolshoy Lyakhovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komsomolets_Island" title="Komsomolets Island">Komsomolets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda_Islands" title="Komsomolskaya Pravda Islands">Komsomolskaya Pravda Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotelny/Faddeyevsky_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotelny/Faddeyevsky Island">Kotelny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_River#Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Lena River">Lena Delta Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leykina_Island" title="Leykina Island">Leykina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maly_Lyakhovsky_Island" title="Maly Lyakhovsky Island"> Maly Lyakhovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyakhovsky_Islands" title="Lyakhovsky Islands">Lyakhovsky Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Island" title="Makar Island">Makar Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maliy_Begichev_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliy Begichev Island"> Maliy Begichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maly_Taymyr_Island" title="Maly Taymyr Island">Maly Taymyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muostakh_Island" title="Muostakh Island">Muostakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Siberian_Islands" title="New Siberian Islands">Nanosnyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Siberian_Islands" title="New Siberian Islands">New Siberian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salkay_Island" title="Salkay Island">Orto Ary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peschany_Island" title="Peschany Island">Peschany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lena River">Petrushka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preobrazheniya_Island" title="Preobrazheniya Island">Preobrazheniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Islands" title="Saint Peter Islands">Psov Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lena River">Sagastyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Islands" title="Saint Peter Islands">Saint Andrew Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Islands" title="Saint Peter Islands">Saint Peter Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salkay_Island" title="Salkay Island"> Salkay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lena River">Samakh Ary Dyete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunay_Islands" title="Dunay Islands">Samolyota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semyonovsky_Island" title="Semyonovsky Island">Semyonovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severnaya_Zemlya" title="Severnaya Zemlya">Severnaya Zemlya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelonsky_Islands" title="Shelonsky Islands">Shelonsky Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starokadomsky_Island" title="Starokadomsky Island">Starokadomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolbovoy_Island" title="Stolbovoy Island">Stolbovoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Islands" title="Saint Peter Islands">Vos'mogo Marta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda_Islands" title="Komsomolskaya Pravda Islands">Vilkitsky Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarok_Island" title="Yarok Island">Yarok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaya_Island" title="Yaya Island">Yaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simsa_Bay" title="Simsa Bay">Zalivnyye Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Earth&#039;s_oceans_and_seas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_seas" title="Template:List of seas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_seas" title="Template talk:List of seas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_seas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of seas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earth&#039;s_oceans_and_seas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_the_oceans" title="Borders of the oceans">oceans</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_seas_on_Earth" title="List of seas on Earth">seas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amundsen_Sea" title="Amundsen Sea">Amundsen Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellingshausen_Sea" title="Bellingshausen Sea">Bellingshausen Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_Sea" title="Cooperation Sea">Cooperation Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmonauts_Sea" title="Cosmonauts Sea">Cosmonauts Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Sea" title="Davis Sea">Davis Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Urville_Sea" title="D'Urville Sea">D'Urville Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Haakon_VII_Sea" title="King Haakon VII Sea">King Haakon VII Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarev_Sea" title="Lazarev Sea">Lazarev Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawson_Sea" title="Mawson Sea">Mawson Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riiser-Larsen_Sea" title="Riiser-Larsen Sea">Riiser-Larsen Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea" title="Ross Sea">Ross Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotia_Sea" title="Scotia Sea">Scotia Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somov_Sea" title="Somov Sea">Somov Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_Sea" title="Weddell Sea">Weddell Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amundsen_Gulf" title="Amundsen Gulf">Amundsen Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barents_Sea" title="Barents Sea">Barents Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_Sea" title="Beaufort Sea">Beaufort Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukchi_Sea" title="Chukchi Sea">Chukchi Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Siberian_Sea" title="East Siberian Sea">East Siberian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Sea" title="Greenland Sea">Greenland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Boothia" title="Gulf of Boothia">Gulf of Boothia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Sea" title="Kara Sea">Kara Sea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laptev Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Sea" title="Lincoln Sea">Lincoln Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pechora_Sea" title="Pechora Sea">Pechora Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gustaf_Adolf_Sea" title="Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea">Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Sea" title="Queen Victoria Sea">Queen Victoria Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandel_Sea" title="Wandel Sea">Wandel Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sea" title="White Sea">White Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Sea" title="Alboran Sea">Alboran Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Mediterranean_Sea" title="American Mediterranean Sea">American Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_Sea" title="Archipelago Sea">Archipelago Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Sea" title="Argentine Sea">Argentine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baffin_Bay" title="Baffin Bay">Baffin Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Sea" title="Balearic Sea">Balearic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Bay" title="Bothnian Bay">Bay of Bothnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Campeche" title="Bay of Campeche">Bay of Campeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Sea" title="Bothnian Sea">Bothnian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Sea" title="Celtic Sea">Celtic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxe_Basin" title="Foxe Basin">Foxe Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Sea" title="Greenland Sea">Greenland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Bothnia" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Lion" title="Gulf of Lion">Gulf of Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Maine" title="Gulf of Maine">Gulf of Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra" title="Gulf of Sidra">Gulf of Sidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_St._Lawrence" title="Gulf of St. Lawrence">Gulf of St. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Venezuela" title="Gulf of Venezuela">Gulf of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irminger_Sea" title="Irminger Sea">Irminger Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrador_Sea" title="Labrador Sea">Labrador Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sea" title="Libyan Sea">Libyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Sea" title="Ligurian Sea">Ligurian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtoan_Sea" title="Myrtoan Sea">Myrtoan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Sea" title="Norwegian Sea">Norwegian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargasso_Sea" title="Sargasso Sea">Sargasso Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_%C3%85land" title="Sea of Åland">Sea of Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Azov" title="Sea of Azov">Sea of Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_the_Hebrides" title="Sea of the Hebrides">Sea of the Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Sea" title="Thracian Sea">Thracian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadden_Sea" title="Wadden Sea">Wadden Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flores_Sea" title="Flores Sea">Flores Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Australian_Bight" title="Great Australian Bight">Great Australian Bight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aqaba" title="Gulf of Aqaba">Gulf of Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Khambhat" title="Gulf of Khambhat">Gulf of Khambhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Kutch" title="Gulf of Kutch">Gulf of Kutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Suez" title="Gulf of Suez">Gulf of Suez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Sea" title="Laccadive Sea">Laccadive Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Channel" title="Mozambique Channel">Mozambique Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_Sea" title="Timor Sea">Timor Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arafura_Sea" title="Arafura Sea">Arafura Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Sea" title="Bali Sea">Bali Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Sea" title="Banda Sea">Banda Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Sea" title="Bismarck Sea">Bismarck Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohol_Sea" title="Bohol Sea">Bohol Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camotes_Sea" title="Camotes Sea">Camotes Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebes_Sea" title="Celebes Sea">Celebes Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Sea" title="Chilean Sea">Chilean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea" title="Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska" title="Gulf of Alaska">Gulf of Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Anadyr" title="Gulf of Anadyr">Gulf of Anadyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Carpentaria" title="Gulf of Carpentaria">Gulf of Carpentaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Fonseca" title="Gulf of Fonseca">Gulf of Fonseca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Panama" title="Gulf of Panama">Gulf of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin" title="Gulf of Tonkin">Gulf of Tonkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmahera_Sea" title="Halmahera Sea">Halmahera Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Sea" title="Java Sea">Java Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koro_Sea" title="Koro Sea">Koro Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Grau" title="Mar de Grau">Mar de Grau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molucca_Sea" title="Molucca Sea">Molucca Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_Gulf" title="Moro Gulf">Moro Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salish_Sea" title="Salish Sea">Salish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savu_Sea" title="Savu Sea">Savu Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Okhotsk" title="Sea of Okhotsk">Sea of Okhotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seram_Sea" title="Seram Sea">Seram Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seto_Inland_Sea" title="Seto Inland Sea">Seto Inland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantar_Sea" title="Shantar Sea">Shantar Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibuyan_Sea" title="Sibuyan Sea">Sibuyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Sea" title="Solomon Sea">Solomon Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulu_Sea" title="Sulu Sea">Sulu Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayan_Sea" title="Visayan Sea">Visayan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endorheic_basin" title="Endorheic basin">Endorheic basins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superocean" title="Superocean">Superocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/32px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/48px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/64px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1358" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceans" title="Portal:Oceans">Oceans portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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