CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics/","20221108000431","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1667865871"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <title>Aesthetics - Bibliography - PhilPapers</title> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics/"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431cs_/https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.13.11/dist/katex.min.css" integrity="" crossorigin="anonymous"> <script defer src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431js_/https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.13.11/dist/katex.min.js" integrity="" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script defer src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431js_/https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.13.11/dist/contrib/auto-render.min.js" integrity="" crossorigin="anonymous" onload="renderMathInElement(document.body, { displayMode: false});"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20221108000431cs_/https://philpapers.org/assets/raw/vendor/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20221108000431cs_/https://philpapers.org/assets/raw/vendor/css/bootstrap-tour.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431cs_/https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.1.0/css/all.css" integrity="" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20221108000431cs_/https://philpapers.org/assets/raw/vendor/css/bulma.css"> <meta property="og:title" content="Aesthetics - Bibliography - PhilPapers"/> <meta property="og:description" content="A bibliography of online papers in Aesthetics"/> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="315507632137867"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431im_/https://philpapers.org/assets/raw/philpeople250.png"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/gif" href="/web/20221108000431im_/https://philpapers.org/assets/raw/icons/favicon-ppl.gif"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20221108000431cs_/https://philpapers.org/dynamic-assets/philpapers/style.66cd3621e165a48e8b289b773cfbc421.css"> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20221108000431js_/https://philpapers.org/dynamic-assets/philpapers/xpapers.2c26026894b408e2ec0c5f4337f9e39f.js"></script> <link rel="image_src" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431im_/https://philpapers.org/philpapers/raw/logo.jpg"> </head> <script type="text/javascript"> var pageDesc="A bibliography of online papers in Aesthetics"; var BASE_URL="/"; var SERVER=""; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431js_/https://widgets.philpapers.org//init.js" async defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20221108000431js_/https://philpapers.org/dynamic-assets/philpapers/yui.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431js_/https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.12.4.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var $j = jQuery.noConflict(); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431js_/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-3-typeahead/4.0.2/bootstrap3-typeahead.min.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431js_/https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script type="text/javascript">$j(document).ready(prototypeBootstrapCompatibility());</script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431js_/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-tour/0.12.0/js/bootstrap-tour-standalone.min.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431js_/https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/typed.js@2.0.11"></script>  <script type="text/javascript">$j(document).ready(ppTour.initialize());</script>  <script async src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431js_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id="></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', ''); </script> <body class="yui-skin-sam" id="mainBody"> <div id="all" class="ppskin clearfix"> <div id="banner" class="navbar navbar-fixed-top"> <div class="no-padding-md container"> <div id="headlinks"> <span> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://auth.philpapers.org/login?service=https://philpapers.org/cas.pl&gateway=1">Sign in</a> | <a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/login?action=registration">Create an account</a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="philx desktop"> <span class="philxbtn philxbtnsel"><b>PhilPapers</b></span> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/"><span class="philxbtn">PhilPeople</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philarchive.org/"><span class="philxbtn">PhilArchive</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philevents.org/"><span class="philxbtn">PhilEvents</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philjobs.org/"><span class="philxbtn">PhilJobs</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="head" class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top panel panel-default"> <div class="no-padding-md container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <div id="logo" class="nav-left"> <a class="navbar-brand" title="PhilPapers home" rel="home" style="border:none;padding:0" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/"> <img id="logo" width="50px" height="50px" alt="PhilPapers home" style="padding-bottom:6px" src="/web/20221108000431im_/https://philpapers.org/assets/raw/philpeople.png"> </a> </div> <button id="menu-dropdown-button" type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed nav-right hidden-xs" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#main-nav" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav"> <i style="font-size:24px" class="fa fa-bars"></i> </button> <button id="profile-dropdown-button" type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed nav-right hidden-xs" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#profile-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav"> <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></i> </button> <button id="search-dropdown-button" type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed nav-right hidden-xs" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#search-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav"> <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></i> </button> </div> <div class="hidden-xxs visible-xs visible-sm"> <div class="navbar-form navbar-right btn-group"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed nav-right" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#main-nav" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav"> <i class="fa fa-bars"></i> </button> <button id="profile-dropdown-button" type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed nav-right" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#profile-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav"> <i style="font-size:16px" class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></i> </button> </div> <form class="navbar-form-alt" onsubmit="if ($j(this).find('input').val().length < 3) { alert('You must specify a search query of three or more characters')} else {window.location='/s/'+escape(UTF8.encode($j(this).find('input').val()));} return false;" method="GET" action="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/autosense.pl" onsubmit=""> <div class="input-group topSearch-container"> <input id="topSearch" autocomplete="off" class="topSearch form-control input-lg" type="text" name="searchStr" style="color:black" onfocus="if (this.value == 'search for..') {this.value = '';this.style.color='black'}" value="" placeholder="Search PhilPapers"> <span class="input-group-btn search-help"> <div class="dropdown topSearch-dropdown"> <a href="#" class="topSearch-dropdown-btn dropdown-toggle" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="fa fa-sort-desc dropdown-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right"> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/search.html">Syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/advanced.html">Advanced Search</a></li> </ul> </div> </span> </div> </form> </div> <div id="main-nav" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <div class="navbar-form navbar-right btn-group"> <script type="text/javascript"> $j(document).ready(function() { initializeToggles(); }); </script> <ul class="navbar-nav nav"> <li class="dropdown with-submenu" id="nav-new"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">New</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li class="first-item"><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/recent">All new items</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/recent?preset=books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/recent?preset=journals">Journal articles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/recent?preset=web">Manuscripts</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown with-submenu" id="nav-browse"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Topics</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/all">All Categories</a></li> <li class=" dropdown-submenu" id="nav-10"><a href="#nav-10" class="dropdown-toggle submenu-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Metaphysics and Epistemology</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a class="dir" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/metaphysics-and-epistemology">Metaphysics and Epistemology</a></li><li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/epistemology">Epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/metaphilosophy">Metaphilosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-action">Philosophy of Action</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-language">Philosophy of Language</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-mind">Philosophy of Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-religion">Philosophy of Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/me-misc">M&E;, Misc</a></li> </ul> <li class=" dropdown-submenu" id="nav-24"><a href="#nav-24" class="dropdown-toggle submenu-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Value Theory</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a class="dir" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/value-theory">Value Theory</a></li><li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/applied-ethics">Applied Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/meta-ethics">Meta-Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/normative-ethics">Normative Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-gender-race-and-sexuality">Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-law">Philosophy of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/social-and-political-philosophy">Social and Political Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/value-theory-miscellaneous">Value Theory, Miscellaneous</a></li> </ul> <li class=" dropdown-submenu" id="nav-36"><a href="#nav-36" class="dropdown-toggle submenu-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Science, Logic, and Mathematics</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a class="dir" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/science-logic-and-mathematics">Science, Logic, and Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/logic-and-philosophy-of-logic">Logic and Philosophy of Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-biology">Philosophy of Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-cognitive-science">Philosophy of Cognitive Science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-computing-and-information">Philosophy of Computing and Information</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-mathematics">Philosophy of Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-physical-science">Philosophy of Physical Science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-social-science">Philosophy of Social Science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-probability">Philosophy of Probability</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/general-philosophy-of-science">General Philosophy of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-science-misc">Philosophy of Science, Misc</a></li> </ul> <li class=" dropdown-submenu" id="nav-51"><a href="#nav-51" class="dropdown-toggle submenu-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">History of Western Philosophy</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a class="dir" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/history-of-western-philosophy">History of Western Philosophy</a></li><li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/ancient-greek-and-roman-philosophy">Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/medieval-and-renaissance-philosophy">Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/17th18th-century-philosophy">17th/18th Century Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/19th-century-philosophy">19th Century Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/20th-century-philosophy">20th Century Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/history-of-western-philosophy-misc">History of Western Philosophy, Misc</a></li> </ul> <li class=" dropdown-submenu" id="nav-58"><a href="#nav-58" class="dropdown-toggle submenu-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Philosophical Traditions</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a class="dir" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophical-traditions">Philosophical Traditions</a></li><li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/africanafricana-philosophy">African/Africana Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/asian-philosophy">Asian Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/continental-philosophy">Continental Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/european-philosophy">European Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-the-americas">Philosophy of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophical-traditions-miscellaneous">Philosophical Traditions, Miscellaneous</a></li> </ul> <li class=" dropdown-submenu" id="nav-4"><a href="#nav-4" class="dropdown-toggle submenu-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Philosophy, Misc</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a class="dir" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-misc">Philosophy, Misc</a></li><li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-introductions-and-anthologies">Philosophy, Introductions and Anthologies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-general-works">Philosophy, General Works</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/teaching-philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-miscellaneous">Philosophy, Miscellaneous</a></li> </ul> <li class=" dropdown-submenu" id="nav-70"><a href="#nav-70" class="dropdown-toggle submenu-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Other Academic Areas</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a class="dir" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/other-academic-areas">Other Academic Areas</a></li><li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/natural-sciences">Natural Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/social-sciences">Social Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/cognitive-sciences">Cognitive Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/formal-sciences">Formal Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/arts-and-humanities">Arts and Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/professional-areas">Professional Areas</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/other-academic-areas-misc">Other Academic Areas, Misc</a></li> </ul> <li> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/journals">Journals</a></li> <li class="dropdown with-submenu hidden-xs" id="nav-profile"> </li> <li class="dropdown with-submenu" id="nav-submit"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Submit material</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/edit">Submit a book or article</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/utils/batch_import.pl">Upload a bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/pages/list.html">Personal pages we track</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/archives/list.html">Archives we track</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/feeds.html">Information for publishers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown with-submenu" id="nav-help"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">More</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu pull-right"> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/whatyoucando.html">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/submit.html">Submitting to PhilPapers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/subscriptions/">Subscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/editors.html">Editor's Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/categorization.html">The Categorization Project</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/feeds.html">For Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/archive_admins.html">For Archive Admins</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/contact.html">Contact us</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/surveys/">PhilPapers Surveys</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/api/">API</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/utils/bargains.pl">Bargain Finder</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/about.html">About PhilPapers</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="hidden-xxs hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <form class="navbar-form-alt" onsubmit="if ($j(this).find('input').val().length < 3) { alert('You must specify a search query of three or more characters')} else {window.location='/s/'+escape(UTF8.encode($j(this).find('input').val()));} return false;" method="GET" action="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/autosense.pl" onsubmit=""> <div class="input-group topSearch-container"> <input id="topSearch" autocomplete="off" class="topSearch form-control input-lg" type="text" name="searchStr" style="color:black" onfocus="if (this.value == 'search for..') {this.value = '';this.style.color='black'}" value="" placeholder="Search PhilPapers"> <span class="input-group-btn search-help"> <div class="dropdown topSearch-dropdown"> <a href="#" class="topSearch-dropdown-btn dropdown-toggle" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="fa fa-sort-desc dropdown-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right"> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/search.html">Syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/advanced.html">Advanced Search</a></li> </ul> </div> </span> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="hidden-md hidden-lg"> <div id="profile-dropdown" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <div class="navbar-form navbar-right btn-group"> <ul class="navbar-nav nav"> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/inoff.html">Sign in</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/users/new.html">Create an account</a></li></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hidden-md hidden-lg"> <div id="search-dropdown" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul class="navbar-nav nav"> <li> <form class="navbar-form-alt" onsubmit="if ($j(this).find('input').val().length < 3) { alert('You must specify a search query of three or more characters')} else {window.location='/s/'+escape(UTF8.encode($j(this).find('input').val()));} return false;" method="GET" action="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/autosense.pl" onsubmit=""> <div class="topSearch-container"> <input id="topSearch" autocomplete="off" class="topSearch form-control input-lg" type="text" name="searchStr" style="color:black" onfocus="if (this.value == 'search for..') {this.value = '';this.style.color='black'}" value="" placeholder="Search PhilPapers"> </div> </form> </li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/search.html">Syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/advanced.html">Advanced Search</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $j(document).ready(ppTypeahead.initialize(".topSearch")); </script> <div id="contentContainer" class=" container panel panel-body panel-default"> <div id="content"> <div class="cattop"> <div style="float:right;width:250px;" class="hidden-xs"> <a class="addthis_button" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?v=250&username=dbourget"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431im_/https://s7.addthis.com/static/btn/v2/lg-share-en.gif" width="125" height="16" alt="Bookmark and Share" style="border:0"/></a><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431js_/https://s7.addthis.com/js/250/addthis_widget.js#username=dbourget"></script> </div> <div class="ch" style="margin-left:0;font-size:11px;margin-bottom:10px"></div> <h1 class="gh"><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics">Aesthetics</a> </h1> <div style="font-size:12px;color:#333;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:10px;"> Edited by <a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/rafael-de-clercq">Rafael De Clercq</a> <span class="affils">(<span class="affil">Lingnan University</span>)</span> </div> </div> <div class="miniheader" style="font-weight:bold;border-top:1px solid #aaa">About this topic </div> <div class="summaries"> <table class="responsive nospace" style="margin-bottom:10px;width:80%"> <tr> <td style="font-size:12px;width:90px" valign="top"><em>Summary</em></td> <td style="padding-bottom:10px"><p>Aesthetics is the philosophical study of art and the aesthetic. The aesthetic comprises, among other things, aesthetic properties (for example, beauty), aesthetic judgments, aesthetic concepts, aesthetic experiences, aesthetic pleasure, and aesthetic sensitivity or taste. Alexander Baumgarten (1714-1762) is usually credited for having given the name ‘aesthetics’ to this field of inquiry, but the field itself is approximately as old as philosophy.</p></td> </tr> </table> <table class="responsive nospace" style="margin-bottom:10px;width:80%"> <tr> <td style="font-size:12px;width:90px" valign="top"><em>Key works</em></td> <td><p>The two pre-20th century works that have had the greatest impact on contemporary discussions in aesthetics probably are <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/HUMOTS">Hume 1757</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCOJ">Kant 2005</a>. 20th century works that have had a considerable impact include <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/GOOLOA-2">Goodman 1968</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/WOLAAI-4">Wollheim 1968</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/WALCOA-2">Walton 1970</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/SCRTAU">Scruton 1983</a>, and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/WALMAM">Walton 1990</a>, as well as the essays posthumously collected in <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/SIBATA">Sibley 2001</a>. Excerpts and chapters from these works are included in <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/LAMAAT-3">Lamarque & Olsen 2003</a>, an excellent anthology that also includes influential papers by Monroe Beardsley, Malcolm Budd, Arthur Danto, George Dickie, Peter Kivy, Jerrold Levinson, and Jenefer Robinson. A comparable anthology is <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/CAHAAC">Cahn & Meskin 2007</a>. Other useful (but less comprehensive) anthologies are <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/JANRAA">Janaway 2005</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/RIDAAA">Ridley & Neill 2007</a>. </p></td> </tr> </table> <table class="responsive nospace" style="margin-bottom:0px;width:80%"> <tr> <td style="font-size:12px;width:90px" valign="top"><em>Introductions</em></td> <td>For a short introduction to the general field of aesthetics, see Malcolm Budd's entry on aesthetics in <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/EDWEOP">Craig 1996</a>, Jerrold Levinson's introduction to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/LEVTOH">Levinson 2003</a>, and Anna Christina Ribeiro's introduction to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/RIBCCT">Ribeiro 2012</a>. Recent book-length introductions include <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/BUDVOA">Budd 1995</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/DICITA-2">Dickie 1997</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/CARPOA">Carroll 1999</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/GRAPOT">Graham 1997</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/STEAAT-11">Stecker 2005</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/DAVTPO-12">Davies 2006</a>, and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/GRATPO-32">Gracyk 2013</a>. For an overview of topics and areas in aesthetics, see <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/STEACT-4">Stephen Davies et al 1996</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/LOPRCT">Lopes 2013</a>, as well as the aforementioned companions and handbooks.</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td style="padding-bottom:10px"> </tr> </table> <div id="reflink" class="ll" onclick="simpleReq('/utils/intro_text_refs.html',{cId:25,field:'introductions',noheader:1},function(r) {;$('xp_refs2').update(r);$('xp_refs2').show();;$('reflink').hide();return false})">Show all references</div> <div id="xp_refs2" style="display:none;"></div></td> </div> <a name="content"></a> <div class="miniheader" style="font-weight:bold;border-top:1px solid #aaa"> In this area </div> <table width="100%"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div style="padding-bottom:5px"> <form id="inside"> <input placeholder="Search inside" class="searchInside" type="text" name="catq" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="sort" value="relevance"> <input type="hidden" name="uncat" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="setAside" value=""> <input type="submit" value="go" class="button"> </form> </div> <div class="ah" style="font-size:14px;margin-bottom:10px;color:#109D49">Subcategories</div> <div class="toc1"> <div class="toc"> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-cognition">Aesthetic Cognition</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">7,206</b> | 2,641)</span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-cognition-misc">Aesthetic Cognition, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">77</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-attitudes">Aesthetic Attitudes</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">62</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-concepts">Aesthetic Concepts</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">136</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics-and-emotions">Aesthetics and Emotions</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">614</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-experience">Aesthetic Experience</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">925</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-judgment">Aesthetic Judgment</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">824</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-perception">Aesthetic Perception</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">270</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/dustin-stokes">Dustin Stokes</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/the-interpretation-of-art">The Interpretation of Art</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">128</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-imagination">Aesthetic Imagination</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">591</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-pleasure">Aesthetic Pleasure</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">314</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-taste">Aesthetic Taste</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">244</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-knowledge">Aesthetic Knowledge</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">134</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-understanding">Aesthetic Understanding</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">161</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics-and-cognitive-science">Aesthetics and Cognitive Science</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">200</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/dustin-stokes">Dustin Stokes</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics-and-psychoanalysis">Aesthetics and Psychoanalysis</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">13</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-realism-and-anti-realism">Aesthetic Realism and Anti-Realism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">257</b> | 41)</span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-realism">Aesthetic Realism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">42</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-relativism">Aesthetic Relativism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">53</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-subjectivism">Aesthetic Subjectivism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">37</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-universality">Aesthetic Universality</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">30</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-realism-and-anti-realism-misc">Aesthetic Realism and Anti-Realism, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">54</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-qualities">Aesthetic Qualities</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">573</b> | 6)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/robert-r-clewis">Robert R. Clewis</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-qualities-misc">Aesthetic Qualities, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">163</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/robert-r-clewis">Robert R. Clewis</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/beauty">Beauty</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">131</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/robert-r-clewis">Robert R. Clewis</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/humour">Humour</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">744</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/style">Style</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">46</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/robert-r-clewis">Robert R. Clewis</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/the-sublime">The Sublime</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">197</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/robert-r-clewis">Robert R. Clewis</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/the-tragic">The Tragic</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">30</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/robert-r-clewis">Robert R. Clewis</a></span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-representation">Aesthetic Representation</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">320</b> | 90)</span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-symbol-systems">Aesthetic Symbol Systems</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">33</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/depiction">Depiction</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">805</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/ben-blumson">Ben Blumson</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/the-interpretation-of-art">The Interpretation of Art</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">128</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-representation-and-meaning-misc">Aesthetic Representation and Meaning, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">69</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-value">Aesthetic Value</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">998</b> | 213)</span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-criticism">Aesthetic Criticism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">73</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-evaluation">Aesthetic Evaluation</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">105</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-normativity">Aesthetic Normativity</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">98</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics-and-ethics">Aesthetics and Ethics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">423</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/the-value-of-art">The Value of Art</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">420</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-value-misc">Aesthetic Value, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">86</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics-and-culture">Aesthetics and Culture</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">439</b> | 51)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/frederic-lefrancois">Frédéric Lefrançois</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-universals">Aesthetic Universals</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">22</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/frederic-lefrancois">Frédéric Lefrançois</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/crosscultural-aesthetics">Crosscultural Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">50</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/frederic-lefrancois">Frédéric Lefrançois</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/pop-culture">Pop Culture</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">113</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/frederic-lefrancois">Frédéric Lefrançois</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics-and-culture-misc">Aesthetics and Culture, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">203</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/frederic-lefrancois">Frédéric Lefrançois</a></span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/topics-in-aesthetics">Topics in Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">813</b> | 302)</span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetic-education">Aesthetic Education</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">60</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics-of-nature">Aesthetics of Nature</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">407</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/steven-grieco">Steven Grieco</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics-and-race">Aesthetics and Race</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">44</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics-of-sport">Aesthetics of Sport</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">7</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/art-and-artworks">Art and Artworks</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">1,357</b> | 241)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/nicholas-riggle">Nicholas Riggle</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/artworks">Artworks</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">236</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/the-artworld">The Artworld</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">100</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/the-definition-of-art">The Definition of Art</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">210</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/the-value-of-art">The Value of Art</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">420</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/the-interpretation-of-art">The Interpretation of Art</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">128</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/art-and-artworks-misc">Art and Artworks, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">150</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-film">Philosophy of Film</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">4,117</b> | 1,963)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/clotilde-torregrossa">Clotilde Torregrossa</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/values-in-film">Values in Film</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">109</b> | 1)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/clotilde-torregrossa">Clotilde Torregrossa</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/the-art-of-film">The Art of Film</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">23</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/clotilde-torregrossa">Clotilde Torregrossa</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/medium-specificity-in-film">Medium Specificity in Film</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">24</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/clotilde-torregrossa">Clotilde Torregrossa</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/film-and-morality">Film and Morality</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">48</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/clotilde-torregrossa">Clotilde Torregrossa</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/film-evaluation-misc">Film Evaluation, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">13</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/ontology-of-film">Ontology of Film</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">64</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/frank-boardman">Frank Boardman</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/film-authorship">Film Authorship</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">6</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/narration-in-film">Narration in Film</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">17</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/movement-in-film">Movement in Film</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">15</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/ontology-of-film-misc">Ontology of Film, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">26</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/audience-engagement-in-film">Audience Engagement in Film</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">66</b> | 13)</span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/character-identification-in-film">Character Identification in Film</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">15</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/film-and-dreams">Film and Dreams</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">3</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/paradox-of-suspense">Paradox of Suspense</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">1</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/paradox-of-painful-art">Paradox of Painful Art</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">17</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/paradox-of-fiction">Paradox of Fiction</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">10</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/audience-engagement-in-film-misc">Audience Engagement in Film, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">7</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/genres-of-film">Genres of Film</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">183</b> | 70)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/clotilde-torregrossa">Clotilde Torregrossa</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/horror-film">Horror Film</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">87</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/documentary-film">Documentary Film</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">13</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/avant-garde-film">Avant-Garde Film</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">2</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/genres-of-film-misc">Genres of Film, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">11</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/film-theory">Film Theory</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">176</b> | 14)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/clotilde-torregrossa">Clotilde Torregrossa</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/classical-film-theory">Classical Film Theory</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">10</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/cognitive-film-theory">Cognitive Film Theory</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">33</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/continental-film-theory">Continental Film Theory</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">68</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/film-theory-misc">Film Theory, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">51</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/film-media">Film Media</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">1,201</b> | 705)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/clotilde-torregrossa">Clotilde Torregrossa</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/cinema">Cinema</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">424</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/lingfei-luan">Lingfei Luan</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/television">Television</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">23</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/digital-video">Digital Video</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">23</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/film-media-misc">Film Media, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">26</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-through-film">Philosophy Through Film</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">243</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-film-misc">Philosophy of Film, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">112</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-music">Philosophy of Music</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">4,940</b> | 3,141)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/jonathan-a-neufeld">Jonathan A. Neufeld</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/definition-of-music">Definition of Music</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">26</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/ontology-of-music">Ontology of Music</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">573</b> | 337)</span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/musical-ontology-misc">Musical Ontology, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">60</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/musical-performance">Musical Performance</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">54</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/musical-works">Musical Works</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">122</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/musical-experience">Musical Experience</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">732</b> | 390)</span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/music-and-emotion">Music and Emotion</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">141</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/musical-experience-misc">Musical Experience, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">61</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/musical-expression">Musical Expression</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">65</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/musical-understanding">Musical Understanding</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">75</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/varieties-of-music">Varieties of Music</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">332</b> | 150)</span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/blues">Blues</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">1</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/classical-music">Classical Music</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">64</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/folk-music">Folk Music</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">7</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/jazz">Jazz</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">47</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/opera">Opera</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">11</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/popular-music">Popular Music</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">43</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/evan-malone">Evan Malone</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/varieties-of-music-misc">Varieties of Music, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">20</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-music-misc">Philosophy of Music, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">136</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-literature">Philosophy of Literature</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">15,667</b> | 4,271)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/silvia-de-toffoli">Silvia De Toffoli</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/fiction">Fiction</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">2,154</b> | 498)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/silvia-de-toffoli">Silvia De Toffoli</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/fictional-characters">Fictional Characters</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">362</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/lee-walters">Lee Walters</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/narrative">Narrative</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">570</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/alberto-comparini">Alberto Comparini</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/ontological-fictionalism">Ontological Fictionalism</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">205</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/truth-in-fiction">Truth in Fiction</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">304</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/lee-walters">Lee Walters</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/fiction-misc">Fiction, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">420</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/alberto-comparini">Alberto Comparini</a></span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/nonfiction">Nonfiction</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">307</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/poetry">Poetry</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">3,849</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/karen-simecek">Karen Simecek</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/definition-of-literature">Definition of Literature</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">259</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/romina-wainberg">Romina Wainberg</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/ontology-of-literature">Ontology of Literature</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">216</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/literature-and-emotion">Literature and Emotion</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">295</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/literary-interpretation">Literary Interpretation</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">895</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/alberto-comparini">Alberto Comparini</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/literary-values">Literary Values</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">339</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/victoria-zurita">Victoria Zurita</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/literature-and-knowledge">Literature and Knowledge</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">691</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/victoria-zurita">Victoria Zurita</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/literature-and-ethics">Literature and Ethics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">375</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/victoria-zurita">Victoria Zurita</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/literary-imagination">Literary Imagination</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">188</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-literature-misc">Philosophy of Literature, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">1,828</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-visual-art">Philosophy of Visual Art</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">3,647</b> | 397)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/nicholas-riggle">Nicholas Riggle</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/depiction">Depiction</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">805</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/ben-blumson">Ben Blumson</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/painting-and-drawing">Painting and Drawing</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">811</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/photography">Photography</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">1,171</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/dan-cavedon-taylor">Dan Cavedon-Taylor</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/sculpture">Sculpture</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">270</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/frederic-lefrancois">Frédéric Lefrançois</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-visual-art-misc">Philosophy of Visual Art, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">193</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-specific-arts">Philosophy of Specific Arts</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">2,264</b> | 615)</span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/architecture">Architecture</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">410</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/comics">Comics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">18</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/dance">Dance</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">117</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/design">Design</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">76</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/fashion">Fashion</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">11</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/food-and-drink-aesthetics">Food and Drink Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">40</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/cain-samuel-todd">Cain Todd</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/humour">Humour</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">744</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/opera">Opera</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">11</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/theatre">Theatre</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">75</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/video-games">Video Games</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">95</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/grant-tavinor">Grant Tavinor</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics-of-virtual-reality">Aesthetics of Virtual Reality</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">12</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/rami-ali">Rami Ali</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-specific-arts-misc">Philosophy of Specific Arts, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">52</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/history-of-aesthetics">History of Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">2,502</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpeople.org/profiles/jose-juan-gonzalez">José Juan González</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics-miscellaneous">Aesthetics, Miscellaneous</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">258</b> | 64)</span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics-general-works">Aesthetics, General Works</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">53</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics-misc">Aesthetics, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">141</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <p><h3>History/traditions: Aesthetics</h3><ul class="toc normal" style=""><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/feminist-aesthetics">Feminist Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">310</b>)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aristotle-aesthetics">Aristotle: Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">156</b> | 141)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/plato-aesthetics">Plato: Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">399</b> | 64)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/ancient-greek-and-roman-aesthetics">Ancient Greek and Roman Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">32</b> | 32)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/aquinas-aesthetics">Aquinas: Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">0</b>)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/hume-aesthetics">Hume: Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">307</b>)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/kant-aesthetics">Kant: Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">1,760</b> | 674)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/leibniz-aesthetics">Leibniz: Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">19</b>)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/hegel-aesthetics">Hegel: Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">105</b> | 39)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/nietzsche-aesthetics">Nietzsche: Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">33</b>)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/chinese-philosophy-aesthetics">Chinese Philosophy: Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">64</b>)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/japanese-philosophy-aesthetics">Japanese Philosophy: Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">302</b>)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/derrida-aesthetics">Derrida: Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">122</b> | 54)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/guattari-aesthetics">Guattari: Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">103</b>)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/ranciere-aesthetics">Rancière: Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">164</b>)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/continental-aesthetics">Continental Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">213</b> | 213)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-for-children-aesthetics">Philosophy for Children: Aesthetics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">43</b>)</span></li></ul> </div> </td> <td valign="top" style="padding-left:5px" class="visible-lg"> <div class="sideBox" style="float:right;max-width:500px"> <div class="sideBoxH">Also in this area</div> <div class="sideBoxC"> <div class="ah"><a href="?uncat=1">Entries to categorize (21416)</a></div> <p> <div class="ah"><a href="?recent=1&sort=added">Most recently added items</a></div> <p> <p> <div class="ah"> <a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/utils/bargains.pl?bmode=25">Discounted books in this area</a></div> <p> </div> <p> <div class="sideBox"> <div class="sideBoxH"> Trending in Aesthetics </div> <div class="sideBoxC"> <div id="entries" class="compact trending"><ol class="entryList"> <li id="eHAAGPA" onclick="ee('click','HAAGPA')" onmouseover="ee('over','HAAGPA')" onmouseout="ee('out','HAAGPA')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/HAAGPA"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">German Poetry and Philosophy.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Fee Haase" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/s/Fee%20Haase"><span class="name">Fee Haase</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">manuscript</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eLIATFC-2" onclick="ee('click','LIATFC-2')" onmouseover="ee('over','LIATFC-2')" onmouseout="ee('out','LIATFC-2')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/LIATFC-2"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">The Fictional Character of Pornography.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Shen-yi Liao" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/s/Shen-yi%20Liao"><span class="name">Shen-yi Liao</span></a> & <a class="discreet" title="View other works by Sara Protasi" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/s/Sara%20Protasi"><span class="name">Sara Protasi</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">2013</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> In Hans Maes (ed.), <em><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/MAEPAA">Pornographic Art and the Aesthetics of Pornography</a></em>. Palgrave-Macmillan. pp. 100-118.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eWIBAKD" onclick="ee('click','WIBAKD')" onmouseover="ee('over','WIBAKD')" onmouseout="ee('out','WIBAKD')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/WIBAKD"><span class="pub_name recTitle"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">ANALISIS KUALITAS DESAIN SAMPUL BUKU SEKOLAH ELEKTRONIK (BSE) MATA PELAJARAN SENI BUDAYA.</span></span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Mahendra Wibawa" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/s/Mahendra%20Wibawa"><span class="name">Mahendra Wibawa</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">2014</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> Dissertation, Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA)</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eVAUMAM" onclick="ee('click','VAUMAM')" onmouseover="ee('over','VAUMAM')" onmouseout="ee('out','VAUMAM')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/VAUMAM"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">Music and Mathematics: Modest Support for the Oft-Claimed Relationship.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Kathryn Vaughn" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/s/Kathryn%20Vaughn"><span class="name">Kathryn Vaughn</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">2000</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> <em class="pubName">Journal of Aesthetic Education</em> 34 (3/4):149.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eIRMSIA" onclick="ee('click','IRMSIA')" onmouseover="ee('over','IRMSIA')" onmouseout="ee('out','IRMSIA')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/IRMSIA"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">Software is an Abstract Artifact.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Nurbay Irmak" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/s/Nurbay%20Irmak"><span class="name">Nurbay Irmak</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">2012</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> <em class="pubName">Grazer Philosophische Studien</em> 86 (1):55-72.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eGUTWOM-2" onclick="ee('click','GUTWOM-2')" onmouseover="ee('over','GUTWOM-2')" onmouseout="ee('out','GUTWOM-2')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/GUTWOM-2"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">Wittgenstein on Mahler.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Eran Guter" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/s/Eran%20Guter"><span class="name">Eran Guter</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">2013</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> In Danièle Moyal-Sharrock, Volker A. Munz & Annalisa Coliva (eds.), <em><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/MOYMLA">Mind, Language and Action: Contributions to the 36th International Wittgenstein Symposium</a></em>. Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eBANPPA" onclick="ee('click','BANPPA')" onmouseover="ee('over','BANPPA')" onmouseout="ee('out','BANPPA')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/BANPPA"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">Pictorial Perception as Illusion.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Katerina Bantinaki" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/s/Katerina%20Bantinaki"><span class="name">Katerina Bantinaki</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">2007</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> <em class="pubName">British Journal of Aesthetics</em> 47 (3):268-279.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eSAUD-2" onclick="ee('click','SAUD-2')" onmouseover="ee('over','SAUD-2')" onmouseout="ee('out','SAUD-2')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/SAUD-2"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">Horror and Mood.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Andrea Sauchelli" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/s/Andrea%20Sauchelli"><span class="name">Andrea Sauchelli</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">2014</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> <em class="pubName">American Philosophical Quarterly</em> 51 (1):39-50.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eCHACTD" onclick="ee('click','CHACTD')" onmouseover="ee('over','CHACTD')" onmouseout="ee('out','CHACTD')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/CHACTD"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">Claiming the Domain of the Literary: Mourning the Death of Reading Fiction.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Subhasis Chattopadhyay" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/s/Subhasis%20Chattopadhyay"><span class="name">Subhasis Chattopadhyay</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">2016</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> <em class="pubName">Prabuddha Bharata or Awakened India</em> 121 (June (6)):505-11.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eSANWWA" onclick="ee('click','SANWWA')" onmouseover="ee('over','SANWWA')" onmouseout="ee('out','SANWWA')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/SANWWA"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">Whose Words Are These Anyway?</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Sergeiy Sandler" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/s/Sergeiy%20Sandler"><span class="name">Sergeiy Sandler</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">2012</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> In Mykola Polyuha, Clive Thomson & Anthony Wall (eds.), <em><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/rec/POLDWB">Dialogues with Bakhtinian Theory: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Mikhaïl Bakhtin Conference</a></em>. Mestengo Press.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> </div> </div> </div> </p> <p> <div class="sideBox"> <div class="sideBoxH"> Jobs in Aesthetics </div> <div class="sideBoxC"> <div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/http://philjobs.org/job/show/20774"><b>St. Mary’s University </b></a> </div> <div> Visiting Assistant Professor of Philosophy </div> <div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/http://philjobs.org/job/show/22098"><b>Stanford University</b></a> </div> <div> Postdoctoral Fellow </div> <div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/http://philjobs.org/job/show/21682"><b>Michigan State University</b></a> </div> <div> Social Justice and Applied Data Ethics, Research Associate </div> <div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/http://philjobs.org/job/show/21446"><b>University of Houston</b></a> </div> <div> Assistant Professor </div> <div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/http://philjobs.org/job/show/21150"><b>Villanova University</b></a> </div> <div> Catherine of Siena Ethics Teaching Fellow </div> <div class="hint" style="text-align:right"> Jobs from <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philjobs.org/">PhilJobs</a> </div> </div> </div> </p> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="yui-skin-sam" style="z-index:3000"> <div class="ppskin" id="container"></div> <div id="load_c" style="display:none"> <div id="load_c2"> <div id="loadmsg">loading ..</div> <img id="loadimg" width="16" height="16" src="/web/20221108000431im_/https://philpapers.org/philpapers/raw/generic-load.gif"> </div> </div> <div id="outer-con" class="ppskin" style="z-index:1000"> <div id="editor-con" style="display:none"> <div class="hd"></div> <div class="bd" id="editor-bd" style=""></div> </div> <div id="categorizer-con" style="display:none"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container footer-container panel panel-default panelb-body"> <div id="footerWrap"> <div class="footer centered" style=""> <div id="fb-root"></div> <script> var authResponse; window.fbAsyncInit = function() { /* FB.init({ appId : '315507632137867', // App ID channelUrl : '//web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://bits/channel.html', // Channel File status : true, // check login status cookie : true, // enable cookies to allow the server to access the session xfbml : true // parse XFBML }); */ FB.init({appId: '315507632137867', status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true, oauth:true, channelUrl:"https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/assets/raw/channel.html"}); FB.getLoginStatus(function(response) { if (response.authResponse) { // logged in and connected user, someone you know //fb_step2(response.authResponse); authResponse = response.authResponse; } else { // no user session available, someone you dont know } }); FB.Event.subscribe('auth.login', function(response) { if (response.session) { fb_step2(response.authResponse); } else { } }); // Additional initialization code here }; // Load the SDK Asynchronously (function(d){ var js, id = 'facebook-jssdk', ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.src = "//web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js"; ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); </script> <div style="margin-bottom:10px" class="fb-like" data-href="http://www.facebook.com/PhilPapersPlus" data-send="true" height="63" max_rows="1" data-show-faces="false"></div> <div class="hidden-xs"> <div class="centered" style="padding-bottom:5px"><table class="centered"><tr><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/applied-ethics" rel="subsection">Applied ethics</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/epistemology" rel="subsection">Epistemology</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/history-of-western-philosophy" rel="subsection">History of Western Philosophy</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/meta-ethics" rel="subsection">Meta-ethics</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/metaphysics" rel="subsection">Metaphysics</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/normative-ethics" rel="subsection">Normative ethics</a></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-biology" rel="subsection">Philosophy of biology</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-language" rel="subsection">Philosophy of language</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-mind" rel="subsection">Philosophy of mind</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-religion" rel="subsection">Philosophy of religion</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/browse/science-logic-and-mathematics" rel="subsection">Science Logic and Mathematics</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/categories.pl">More ...</a></td></tr></table></div> </div> <div class="btnmenu"> <a rel="subsection" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/">Home</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/recent">New books and articles</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/categories.pl">Bibliographies</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/journals">Philosophy journals</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/bbs">Discussions</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/index/">Article Index</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/about.html">About PhilPapers</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/api">API</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/contact.html">Contact us</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/codeofconduct.html">Code of conduct</a> </div> <br> <a class="sponsorbtm" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/http://cdp.uwo.ca/"><img style="height:75px" alt="CDP" border="0" src="/web/20221108000431im_/https://philpapers.org/philpapers/raw/CDP-logo.gif"></a> <a class="sponsorbtm" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/http://pdcnet.org/"><img alt="Phiosophy Documentation Center" src="/web/20221108000431im_/https://philpapers.org/philpapers/raw/pdc.jpg" border="0" style="height:75px"></a> <br> <div> PhilPapers logo by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://www.behance.net/AndreaAndrews">Andrea Andrews</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://www.behance.net/MeghanDriscoll">Meghan Driscoll</a>. </div> This site uses cookies and Google Analytics (see our <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/terms.html#analytics">terms & conditions</a> for details regarding the privacy implications). <br> <br>Use of this site is subject to <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/help/terms.html">terms & conditions</a>. <br>All rights reserved by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108000431/https://philpapers.org/foundation">The PhilPapers Foundation</a><br> <br> <span style="color:#aaa;font-size:smaller">Server: philpapers-web-8659f8669d-mjcsw N</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20221108000431js_/https://philpapers.org/dynamic-assets/webpack/webpack.3d51f2b7fe2dcfe52b2b.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var onload_functions = new Array(); onload_functions[0] = function() { basicOnLoad() }; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.onload = function() { // store pre-loaded menus for my biblio etc. for (x=0;x<onload_functions.length;x++) { onload_functions[x](); } const vues = document.querySelectorAll(".philstar-components"); vues.forEach(el => { el.classList.remove('is-hidden'); }); } </script> <script>(function(){var js = "window['__CF$cv$params']={r:'766a0d40bca6fa3a',m:'QDGzG3OYxSQ7lqUo.0.HGVrsqePoyLL6WvRFTBdbsRk-1667865871-0-AWgEFddFbILyYvmgiY3rYYhWp7WY9KF7fyjV6N76CMnce4ydD4X1766Q/a30P2UfwVX+IVyKN3DxDGdij2faLUyWehzNjM+PsRlfgScy5n3NKG7OFjQxOYb2Vx+gAPKNRhHGIdFAcFK7/TpTSYsq76g=',s:[0xe4e095a15a,0xf1b84e0920],u:'/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g'};var now=Date.now()/1000,offset=14400,ts=''+(Math.floor(now)-Math.floor(now%offset)),_cpo=document.createElement('script');_cpo.nonce='',_cpo.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/scripts/alpha/invisible.js?ts='+ts,document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_cpo);";var _0xh = document.createElement('iframe');_0xh.height = 1;_0xh.width = 1;_0xh.style.position = 'absolute';_0xh.style.top = 0;_0xh.style.left = 0;_0xh.style.border = 'none';_0xh.style.visibility = 'hidden';document.body.appendChild(_0xh);function handler() {var _0xi = _0xh.contentDocument || _0xh.contentWindow.document;if (_0xi) {var _0xj = _0xi.createElement('script');_0xj.nonce = '';_0xj.innerHTML = js;_0xi.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_0xj);}}if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {handler();} else if (window.addEventListener) {document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', handler);} else {var prev = document.onreadystatechange || function () {};document.onreadystatechange = function (e) {prev(e);if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {document.onreadystatechange = prev;handler();}};}})();</script></body> </html>