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The Future of Scalp Cooling in Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia – Cancer Science
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id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <article id="post-216" class="post-216 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-chemotherapy tag-alopecia tag-chemotherapy tag-ciabimatoprost tag-docetaxel-cyclophosphamide tag-epirubicin-cyclophosphamide tag-keratinocyte tag-paclitaxel tag-photobiomodulation-therapy tag-tolerability" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="featured-image page-header-image-single "> <img width="1200" height="628" src="https://cancerscience.net/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/image-_20_-min-scaled-e1726233586181.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">The Future of Scalp Cooling in Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="updated" datetime="2024-09-13T18:49:55+05:30" itemprop="dateModified">September 13, 2024</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-13T15:12:36+05:30" itemprop="datePublished">September 13, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://cancerscience.net/archive/author/cancerscience/" title="View all posts by cancerscience" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">cancerscience</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">CIA) is among the disturbing side effects experienced by cancer patients, and it is treated as one of the significant problems. Alopecia is a condition that affects the psychological well-being of a patient as it interferes with the appearance of hair, self-esteem, self-image, and the quality of life of the patient. However, due to improvements in technologies in the medical field, scalp cooling is used as a way of avoiding this side effect. Equipment like the DigniCap® has helped minimize hair loss during chemotherapy through the use of colds on the scalp, and vasoconstriction reduces the concentration of the chemotherapy drugs taken up by the hair follicles. This article aims to discuss the prospects of scalp cooling in the treatment of CIPN with a focus on the findings of recent works and clinical trials.</span></p> <h3><b>The Mechanism of Scalp Cooling</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Scalp cooling in its mechanism constricts blood vessels beneath the skin to lower the temperature of the hair follicles. This process reduces the impact of the chemotherapy drug on the hair follicles, hence the reduction of hair loss. The therapy usually entails wearing a cap consisting of a coolant, specifically for the period before, during, and after chemotherapy. This cooling cap is to be worn for a certain duration as prescribed for the best therapy option to prevail. This technique has been increasingly practiced since it is not invasive and could enhance the quality of life of cancer patients.</span></p> <h3><b>Clinical Evidence Supporting Scalp Cooling</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It is worth noting that several clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of devices such as scalp cooling systems in preventing CIA. One of the few prospective trials recruited early-stage breast cancer patients who had received neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy. The present research employed the DigniCap® system, which is a popular scalp cooling system, to evaluate a hair loss protective strategy. The efficacy criterion was based on the patient’s self-assessment of hair loss using the Dean scale reporting under fifty percent.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Patients of the study were 135, among them 74% of patients underwent adjuvant chemotherapy and 26% underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The kinds of chemotherapy were different. Effectiveness was at 77% of the alopecia cases at three weeks of commencement of chemotherapy and 60% at three weeks of completion of the treatment. From these observations, higher efficacies appear to be achieved in non-antracycline chemotherapy groups, and thus scalping cooling would need to be applied across chemotherapy treatments.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Yearwise Publication Trend on <b>“<a href="https://cancerscience.net/publication-trends/index/chemotherapy" target="_blank" title="chemotherapy - yearwise publication trends">chemotherapy</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div><div class="results-container"><div class="chart-block" style="padding:15px;"> <div class="left"> <div id="results" class="results"></div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="chart-container"><canvas id="publicationChart"></canvas></div> </div> <div class="keywordsdiv"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publication trends on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-stats"></span> </div> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"><style> table { margin: 0 0 1.5em; 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if (!statistics || Object.keys(statistics).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var tableHTML = `<div class='pub-scroll'> <table class='tablediv' border='1' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0'> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Publication Count</th> </tr>`; Object.entries(statistics).sort(([yearA], [yearB]) => yearB - yearA).forEach(([year, count]) => { const displayCount = count === 0 ? 'NA' : count; tableHTML += ` <tr> <td>${year}</td> <td>${displayCount}</td> </tr> `; }); tableHTML += '</table></div>'; resultsContainer.innerHTML = tableHTML; } function displayLineChart(statistics) { var years = Object.keys(statistics); var counts = Object.values(statistics); var ctx = document.getElementById('publicationChart').getContext('2d'); // Destroy existing chart instance if it exists if (chart !== null) { chart.destroy(); } // Create a new chart instance chart = new Chart(ctx, { type: 'line', data: { labels: years, datasets: [{ label: 'Publication Counts', data: counts, fill: false, borderColor: 'rgba(75, 192, 192, 1)', tension: 0.1 }] }, options: { scales: { y: { beginAtZero: true } }, plugins: { legend: { display: true, position: 'top' } } } }); } function displayKeywordStats(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-stats'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://cancerscience.net/publication-trends/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - yearwise publication trends">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var statistics = { "2014": 5097, "2015": 5137, "2016": 6961, "2017": 6912, "2018": 8005, "2019": 10809, "2020": 14164, "2021": 17621, "2022": 21185, "2023": 34033, "2024": 12053 }; var keywordsArray = ["Chemotherapy-induced alopecia","scalp cooling","DigniCap\u00ae","hair loss prevention","cancer treatment","patient quality of life","clinical trials","non-invasive treatment","supportive care","oncology"]; displayResults(statistics); displayLineChart(statistics); displayKeywordStats(keywordsArray); </script></p> <h3><b>Patient Tolerability and Compliance</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The acceptability of patients when it comes to compliance with scalp cooling is one of the most important broad measures. In the mentioned study, scalp cooling has been acceptably tolerated, but still, 29 patients out of 135 (21.5%) patients have dropped out of the treatment. Most of the patients stopped treatment due to alopecia (16 patients), low tolerability of scalp cooling (8 patients), or both (5 patients).</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">From the results presented, it appears that most of the patients find scalp cooling helpful, but a part of the cohort is likely to report discomfort or lack of benefit from the intervention. The management of these obstacles is crucial in enhancing the patients’ compliance so that more patients will be able to avail of scalp cooling.</span></p> <h3><b>Technological Advancements and Future Directions</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Scalp cooling is still far from its perfect usage for those who lost hair due to chemotherapy, and further improvements will be based on the advancements and technological changes. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Today’s ongoing research is aimed at increasing the efficiency and comfort of scalp cooling devices and also making them more portable. Such adaptations include enhanced cap constructions, the introduction of new cooling fluids, and enhanced temperature regulation technologies being developed.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Moreover, more specific cooled scalp therapy regimens depending on the patient’s features and the administered chemotherapy drugs are being investigated. All these treatment methods tend to focus on a more individual treatment for the desired hair to protect the hair follicles more and at the same time reduce pain as much as possible.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Further, the simultaneous use of other comfort activities such as nutritional support and psychological counseling together with scalp cooling helps in addressing CIA comprehensively. This paper aims to argue that it is possible to go a long way towards helping patients through the changes enforced by chemotherapy by paying more attention to such physical and emotive realities as hair loss.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Recent Publications on <b>“<a href="https://cancerscience.net/recent-publications/index/chemotherapy" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="chemotherapy - yearwise publication list">chemotherapy</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div> <div class="pb-main"><div class="article-scroll"><div id="results_recent" class="results"></div></div><div class="keywordsdiv" style="margin: 0px 15px;margin-top:20px;"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publications on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-papers"></span> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"> <style> .pb-main{ border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .author-main { border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .publication-block { padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .publication-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #000!important; } .publication-block a { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 1em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; color: #000; padding: 0px; } .publication-block a:hover{ color: #227cdc; text-decoration:underline; } .article-scroll { max-height: 445px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background-color: #ababab; border-radius:30px; } .publication-block p { margin-bottom: .5em; font-size: 15px; color: #000; } h3 { font-size: 18px !important; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; } a { padding: 5px; color: #a71c49; } #keyword-papers{ margin-top: 20px; text-align: center; } </style> <script> function displayResults_recent(papers) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_recent'); if (!papers || papers.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No recent publications found.</p>'; return; } papers.forEach(paper => { var publicationBlock = document.createElement('div'); publicationBlock.className = 'publication-block'; var publicationHTML = ` <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;"><a href="${paper.url}" target="_blank" title="${paper.title}">${paper.title}</a></div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> ${paper.publishedDate}</p> `; publicationBlock.innerHTML = publicationHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(publicationBlock); }); } function displayKeywordPapers(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-papers'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://cancerscience.net/recent-publications/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - publication list">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var recent_papers = [ { "title": "Isolated myeloid sarcoma of the tibia: A case report.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38945014", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "[Pharmacological properties and clinical development overview of pertuzumab (genetical recombination), trastuzumab (genetical recombination) and vorhyaluronidase alfa (genetical recombination) (PHESGO combination for \u200dsubcutaneous injection MA, IN)].", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38945908", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Subdivision of pT1N0 (American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition) distal cholangiocarcinoma for adjuvant chemotherapy consideration.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946012", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Exploring cellular diversity in lung adenocarcinoma epithelium: Advancing prognostic methods and immunotherapeutic strategies.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946232", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Clinical outcomes of pelvic bone marrow sparing radiotherapy for cervical cancer: A systematic review and -analysis of randomised controlled trials.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946805", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Current status of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946835", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Niraparib Maintenance Therapy for Brain Metastasis in Ovarian Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma With Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: A Comprehensive Case Study and Literature Review.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947662", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Oncological Outcomes and Response Rate After Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis Comparing Induction vs. Consolidation Chemotherapy vs. Standard Chemoradiation.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38945765", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Ten-year anemia as initial manifestation of Castleman disease in the abdominal cavity: A case report.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947769", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The effect of celastrol in combination with 5-fluorouracil on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell lines.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38948023", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Injectable nano-in situ-thermosensitive-hydrogels based on halofuginone and silver for postoperative treatment against triple-negative breast cancer.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38917957", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Bowel pseudo-obstruction caused by goblet cell adenocarcinoma of the appendix: A case report.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38945017", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "A dynamic microRNA profile that tracks a chemotherapy resistance phenotype in osteosarcoma. Implications for novel therapeutics.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946948", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Targeting compensatory proliferation signals in oral cancer.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946920", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis From Medulloblastoma in a Young Adult: Case Report and Literature Review.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947611", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Obstructing colorectal cancer: a population-based review of colonic stenting in Queensland, Australia.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946096", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "MgSiO Fiber Membrane Scaffold with Triggered Drug Delivery for Osteosarcoma Synergetic Therapy and Bone Regeneration.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946103", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Biodegradable Microembolics with Nanografted Polyanions Enable High-Efficiency Drug Loading and Sustained Deep-Tumor Drug Penetration for Locoregional Chemoembolization Treatment.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946122", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Low-dose dimethylfumarate attenuates colitis-associated cancer in mice through M2 macrophage polarization and blocking oxidative stress.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38945373", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder associated with ovarian dysgerminoma: a case report and literature review.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947316", "publishedDate": "2024" } ]; var keywordsArray = ["Chemotherapy-induced alopecia","scalp cooling","DigniCap\u00ae","hair loss prevention","cancer treatment","patient quality of life","clinical trials","non-invasive treatment","supportive care","oncology"]; displayResults_recent(recent_papers); displayKeywordPapers(keywordsArray); </script></p> <h3><b>Overcoming Barriers to Adoption</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nevertheless, escalatory use of scalp cooling in clinical practice is met with some challenges. Among the issues that may represent a problem is the cost of the scalp cooling devices and treatment. Some of the patients feel the additional cost to be a load in their accounts in the event the costs are not covered by an insurance ITA. Fighting for reimbursement for scalp cooling within the insurance plans is crucial for expanding the option’s availability to more individuals.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The other challenge once again is the lack of set policies and procedures for the practice of scalp cooling. Different treatments and implementation and no particular guidelines to follow influence the effectiveness and cohesiveness of the scalp cooling treatment. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Conducting</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /> </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">research-based protocols and handling reachable teaching programs for the healthcare givers may assist in making scalp cooling treatment as effective and secure as possible intervention.</span></p> <h3><b>Patient Education and Awareness</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Patient awareness of the advantages and disadvantages of scalp cooling should be raised to avoid the absence of the patient’s consent. Subsequently, patients should have adequate information about hair preservation possibilities, the process, and possible complications. Scalp cooling options should be discussed by healthcare providers, usually to calm the patient’s complaints or to give them an understanding of what to expect.</span></p> <h3><b>Conclusion</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In other words, scalp cooling can be regarded as a major improvement in the approach to the treatment of ICAs. It has been proven clinically useful for hair loss, specifically in the cases of patients who undergo a non-anthracycline chemotherapy cycle. Altogether, there are certain limitations with the present scalp cooling method; patient tolerability, cost, and standardization are some of them; nonetheless, future research and development of new technologies have a possible solution for scalp cooling. Therefore, by ensuring that scalp cooling aids are comfortable and easily usable and/or included as part of patient support care plans, clinicians can improve the quality of life of people with cancer going through chemotherapy.</span></p> <p></p> <h3><b>References</b></h3> <ol> <li> <div class="citation-text">Giarratano T, Frezzini S, Zanocco M, Giorgi CA, Mioranza E, Miglietta F, Griguolo G, Falci C, Faggioni G, Tasca G, Di Liso E, Vernaci G, Menichetti A, Mantiero M, Grosso D, Guarneri V, Dieci MV. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31837103/">Use of scalp cooling device to prevent alopecia for early breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: A prospective study.</a> Breast J. 2020 Jul;26(7):1296-1301. doi: 10.1111/tbj.13711. Epub 2019 Dec 14. PMID: 31837103.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Modi S, Saura C, Yamashita T, Park YH, Kim SB, Tamura K, Andre F, Iwata H, Ito Y, Tsurutani J, Sohn J, Denduluri N, Perrin C, Aogi K, Tokunaga E, Im SA, Lee KS, Hurvitz SA, Cortes J, Lee C, Chen S, Zhang L, Shahidi J, Yver A, Krop I; DESTINY-Breast01 Investigators. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31825192/">Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Previously Treated HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.</a> N Engl J Med. 2020 Feb 13;382(7):610-621. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1914510. Epub 2019 Dec 11. PMID: 31825192; PMCID: PMC7458671.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Slamon DJ, Neven P, Chia S, Fasching PA, De Laurentiis M, Im SA, Petrakova K, Bianchi GV, Esteva FJ, Martín M, Nusch A, Sonke GS, De la Cruz-Merino L, Beck JT, Pivot X, Sondhi M, Wang Y, Chakravartty A, Rodriguez-Lorenc K, Taran T, Jerusalem G. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31826360/">Overall Survival with Ribociclib plus Fulvestrant in Advanced Breast Cancer.</a> N Engl J Med. 2020 Feb 6;382(6):514-524. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911149. Epub 2019 Dec 11. PMID: 31826360.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Carlo MI, Ravichandran V, Srinavasan P, Bandlamudi C, Kemel Y, Ceyhan-Birsoy O, Mukherjee S, Mandelker D, Chaim J, Knezevic A, Rana S, Fnu Z, Breen K, Arnold AG, Khurram A, Tkachuk K, Cipolla CK, Regazzi A, Hakimi AA, Al-Ahmadie H, Dalbagni G, Cadoo KA, Walsh MF, Teo MY, Funt SA, Coleman JA, Bochner BH, Iyer G, Solit DB, Stadler ZK, Zhang L, Rosenberg JE, Taylor BS, Robson ME, Berger MF, Vijai J, Bajorin DF, Offit K. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31794323/">Cancer Susceptibility Mutations in Patients With Urothelial Malignancies.</a> J Clin Oncol. 2020 Feb 10;38(5):406-414. doi: 10.1200/JCO.19.01395. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794323; PMCID: PMC7351337.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Fujii H, Matsuhashi N, Kitahora M, Takahashi T, Hirose C, Iihara H, Yamada Y, Watanabe D, Ishihara T, Suzuki A, Yoshida K. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32162797/">Bevacizumab in Combination with TAS-102 Improves Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study.</a> Oncologist. 2020 Mar;25(3):e469-e476. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0541. Epub 2019 Nov 20. 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PMID: 32223935.</div> <div class="citation-actions"></div> </li> </ol> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Top Experts on “<b style="color:#000;font-size:22px;">chemotherapy</b>“</h2> </div> </div><div class="author-main"><div id="results_author"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="register-button" href="https://cancerscience.net/expert-search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Find experts on any field</a></div></div><div class="inside-article" style="background: none;border: none;box-shadow: none;margin-top: -70px;"> <style> .author-block { padding: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: left; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.2; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .author-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #227cdc; } .author-block p { margin: 5px 0; } .author-b { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom:10px; } .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 30%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; background: #dcdcdc; padding: 7px 14px; border-radius: 5px; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 10px; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 100%; margin: 10px 0; } } </style> <script> function displayResults_author(authors) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_author'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!authors || Object.keys(authors).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No authors found.</p>'; return; } Object.values(authors).slice(0, 10).forEach(author => { var authorBlock = document.createElement('div'); authorBlock.className = 'author-block'; var author_name=author.name; let key_replace = author_name.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); var authorHTML = ` <h3><a href="https://cancerscience.net/author/index/${key_replace}\/${author.aid}" target="_blank" title="${author.name}">${author.name}</a></h3> <div class="author-b"> <div class="ainfo"><strong>H-Index:</strong> ${author.hindex}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Publication Count:</strong> ${author.paper_count}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Citation Count:</strong> ${author.citation_count}</div> </div> <p><strong>Affiliation:</strong> ${author.affiliation}</p> `; authorBlock.innerHTML = authorHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(authorBlock); }); } function displayKeywordAuthors(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-authors'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach(key => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://cancerscience.net/expert-search/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key}">${key}</a>`; }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var authors_data = { "ExkFK4wBWBy50K-romiX": { "aid": "ExkFK4wBWBy50K-romiX", "name": "B. 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