CURIA - Home - Court of Justice of the European Union

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xml:lang="en" dir="ltr" > <head> <base href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/" /> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Jalios JCMS - Copyright (C) Jalios S.A. 2001 - 2024 - https://www.jalios.com/" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta name="keywords" content="CJUE, Curia, Cour de justice, Cour de justice de l'Union européenne, Tribunal général, Tribunal de la fonction publique, Jurisprudence, Court of justice, Court of justice of the European Union" /> <meta name="description" content="Court of Justice of the European Union" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="Court of Justice of the European Union" /> <title>CURIA - Home - Court of Justice of the European Union</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/css/csspacker.jsp?v=20230232&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fcomponents%2Ftopbar%2Fjalios-topbar.css&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Ffonts%2Fwebfont-roboto.css&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Ffonts%2Fwebfont-roboto-condensed.css&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fbootstrap.css" media="all" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/css/csspacker.jsp?v=20230232&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Ffont-icons.css" media="all" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/css/csspacker.jsp?v=20230232&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fcore.css&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fcore-theme.css&css=css%2Ffff-sprite.css&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Flang.css&css=css%2Flib%2Fanimate%2Fanimate-custom.css&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fcomponents%2Fanimate%2Fjalios-rippler.css&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-dropdown-repositioning.css&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fcomponents%2Fa11y%2Fa11y.css&css=plugins%2FCuriaPlugin%2Fcss%2Fplugin.css" media="all" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/css/csspacker.jsp?v=20230232&css=plugins%2FGraphicCharterPlugin%2Fcss%2Fplugin.css&css=css%2Fwysiwyg.css&css=plugins%2FTextProcessorPlugin%2Fcss%2Fplugin.css&css=plugins%2FFormulaires%2Fcss%2Ffont-awesome-4.7.0%2Fcss%2Ffont-awesome.min.css&css=plugins%2FFormulaires%2Fcss%2Fjquery-ui.min.css&css=plugins%2FCURIAMainPlugin%2Fcss%2FhideApplicationCatalog.css&css=css%2Flib%2Fbootstrap-datetimepicker%2Fbootstrap-datetimepicker.css&css=plugins%2FGraphicCharterPlugin%2Fcss%2Fcuria-wysiwyg.css&css=custom%2Fcss%2Fstandard.css" media="all" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/css/csspacker.jsp?v=20230232&css=css%2Fprint.css" media="print" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/css/csspacker.jsp?v=20230232&css=plugins%2FYoutubePlugin%2Fcss%2Fcookievideoyoutube.css&css=css%2Ffulldisplay.css&css=plugins%2FGraphicCharterPlugin%2Fcookieconsent%2Fcookieconsent.min.css&css=plugins%2FBookmarksPlugin%2Fcss%2Fbookmarks.css" media="all" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/css/csspacker.jsp?v=20230232&css=plugins%2FCuriaPlugin%2Fcss%2Fportal%2Fprint.css" media="print" /> <style media="all">  </style> <script > /* <![CDATA[ */ document._contextPath = '/jcms'; /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/CuriaPlugin/images/favicon.ico?v=20230232" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/en/" /> <meta property="og:url" content="http://158.167.241.123:8090/jcms/jcms/j_6/en/"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Court of Justice of the European Union" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Home - Court of Justice of the European Union" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="CURIA" /> <link href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/fontAwesome/css/all.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script defer src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/fontAwesome/js/all.js"></script> <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer"></head> <body data-theme="default" data-jalios-pack-version="20230232" data-jalios-flashinfo-friendly-edit-url="{"types/FlashInfo/editFlashInfo.jsp":"plugins/FlashInfoPlugin/types/FlashInfo/editFlashInfoModal.jsp"}" id="AjaxCtxt-0-1732348118353" class=" body site-curia browser-IE7 jcms-ttcard-enabled zone_Public WS_j_4"> <script >document.body.className = document.body.className + ' js'</script> <a id="top" style="display:block;"></a> <div id="nbo1_147611_0" class="Outter PortletPortal ID_nbo1_147611 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Inner" > <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0" class="Outter PortletColumn ID_p1_1981926 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletCollection Inner" > <div><div class="col-item vTop"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0" class="Outter PortletJspCollection ID_nbo1_147610 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletCollection Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="homePortal"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row header"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo1_147612_0" class="Outter PortletJspCollection ID_nbo1_147612 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletCollection Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="container"> <div class="row bannerLangSearchLinksContainer hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <div class="col-md-9 col-md-offset-3 bannerLangSearchLinks"> <div class=" navHomePage"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo1_147612_0_nbo1_147626_4" class="Outter PortletNavigate ID_nbo1_147626 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/en/" class=" navToHomePage" > <span class="jalios-icon fa-lg topbar-home icomoon-home" ><span class="glyph-alt">Home</span></span>  Home </a> </div> </div> <div class=" languageSwitching"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo1_147612_0_nbo1_147623_1" class="Outter PortletMenu ID_nbo1_147623 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet Inner menuLangCuria" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <span class="jalios-icon fa fa-comments" style="color:#fff; font-size:18px;"></span> <a class="ctxLangMenu ctx-caret ctxmenu newTitleSwitchingLang hidden-sm hidden-xs" href="#" id="jq_1">Choose a language</a> <a class="ctxLangMenu ctx-caret ctxmenu newTitleSwitchingLang visible-sm visible-xs" href="#" id="jq_1">en</a> <a href="#" class="ctxLangMenu ctx-caret ctxmenu MenuLangJCMS"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="en"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-en twemoji-flag GB-twflag" alt="en" title="English / en" /></span></a><ul class="ctxMenu click" id="ctxLangMenu" style="display: none; width: 110px;"><li class="icon"><a lang="bg" xml:lang="bg" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/bg/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="bg"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-bg twemoji-flag BG-twflag" alt="bg" title="Български / bg" /></span> Български / bg</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="es" xml:lang="es" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/es/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="es"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-es twemoji-flag ES-twflag" alt="es" title="Español / es" /></span> Español / es</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="cs" xml:lang="cs" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/cs/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="cs"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-cs twemoji-flag CZ-twflag" alt="cs" title="Česky / cs" /></span> Česky / cs</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="da" xml:lang="da" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/da/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="da"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-da twemoji-flag DK-twflag" alt="da" title="Dansk / da" /></span> Dansk / da</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="de" xml:lang="de" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/de/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="de"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-de twemoji-flag DE-twflag" alt="de" title="Deutsch / de" /></span> Deutsch / de</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="et" xml:lang="et" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/et/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="et"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-et twemoji-flag EE-twflag" alt="et" title="Eesti / et" /></span> Eesti / et</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="el" xml:lang="el" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/el/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="el"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-el twemoji-flag GR-twflag" alt="el" title="Ελληνικά / el" /></span> Ελληνικά / el</a></li><li class="icon disabled"><a lang="en" xml:lang="en" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/en/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="en"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-en twemoji-flag GB-twflag" alt="en" title="English / en" /></span> English / en</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="fr" xml:lang="fr" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/fr/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="fr"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-fr twemoji-flag FR-twflag" alt="fr" title="Français / fr" /></span> Français / fr</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="ga" xml:lang="ga" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/ga/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="ga"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-ga twemoji-flag IE-twflag" alt="ga" title="Gaeilge / ga" /></span> Gaeilge / ga</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="hr" xml:lang="hr" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/hr/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="hr"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-default iso639flag" alt="hr" title="Hrvatski / hr" /></span> Hrvatski / hr</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="it" xml:lang="it" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/it/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="it"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-it twemoji-flag IT-twflag" alt="it" title="Italiano / it" /></span> Italiano / it</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="lv" xml:lang="lv" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/lv/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="lv"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-lv twemoji-flag LV-twflag" alt="lv" title="Latviešu / lv" /></span> Latviešu / lv</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="lt" xml:lang="lt" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/lt/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="lt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-lt twemoji-flag LT-twflag" alt="lt" title="Lietuvių / lt" /></span> Lietuvių / lt</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="hu" xml:lang="hu" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/hu/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="hu"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-hu twemoji-flag HU-twflag" alt="hu" title="Magyar / hu" /></span> Magyar / hu</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="mt" xml:lang="mt" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/mt/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="mt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-mt twemoji-flag MT-twflag" alt="mt" title="Malti / mt" /></span> Malti / mt</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="nl" xml:lang="nl" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/nl/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="nl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-nl twemoji-flag NL-twflag" alt="nl" title="Nederlands / nl" /></span> Nederlands / nl</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="pl" xml:lang="pl" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/pl/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="pl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-pl twemoji-flag PL-twflag" alt="pl" title="Polski / pl" /></span> Polski / pl</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="pt" xml:lang="pt" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/pt/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="pt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-pt twemoji-flag PT-twflag" alt="pt" title="Português / pt" /></span> Português / pt</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="ro" xml:lang="ro" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/ro/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="ro"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-ro twemoji-flag RO-twflag" alt="ro" title="Română / ro" /></span> Română / ro</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="sk" xml:lang="sk" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/sk/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sk"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sk twemoji-flag SK-twflag" alt="sk" title="Slovenčina / sk" /></span> Slovenčina / sk</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="sl" xml:lang="sl" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/sl/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sl twemoji-flag SI-twflag" alt="sl" title="Slovenščina / sl" /></span> Slovenščina / sl</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="fi" xml:lang="fi" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/fi/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="fi"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-fi twemoji-flag FI-twflag" alt="fi" title="Suomi / fi" /></span> Suomi / fi</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="sv" xml:lang="sv" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/sv/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sv"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sv twemoji-flag SE-twflag" alt="sv" title="Svenska / sv" /></span> Svenska / sv</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class=" navIcons"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo1_147612_0_nbo1_147759_5" class="Outter PortletNavigate ID_nbo1_147759 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> </div> </div> <div class=" search"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo1_147612_0_nbo1_147624_2" class="Outter PortletSearch ID_nbo1_147624 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="portletLightSearch hidden-print"> <div class="advancedSearch col-md-1 hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/CuriaPlugin/jsp/search.jsp?id=nbo1_147688&wrkspc=j_4" > <span class="jalios-icon fas fa-search-plus fa-lg"></span> </a> </div> <a class="simpleSearch-icon visible-sm visible-xs jalios-icon search-icon topbar-search glyphicons-search"></a> <div class="simpleSearch col-md-10 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <form action="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/CuriaPlugin/jsp/query.jsp" method="get" name="search" class="noSingleSubmitButton"> <div class="widget widget-light input-group tab-pane jalios-input-group "> <input class="form-control search" type="text" name="text" size="20" placeholder="Search" value=""/> </div> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.AppelDoffre"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.Brochure"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.CV"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="com.jalios.jcms.FileDocument"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.PressRelease"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilDocument"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilFichier"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilPublication"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilPeriode"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilReference"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilNumerique"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.Textes"/> <input type="hidden" name="typesOff" value="generated.RecueilPublication"/> <input type="hidden" name="textSearch" value="true"/> <input type="hidden" name="searchInFiles" value="true"/> <input type="hidden" name="mode" value="advanced"/> <input type="hidden" name="cids" value="T5_5118"/> <input type="hidden" name="langs" value="user"/> <input type="hidden" name="wrkspc" value="j_4"/> <input type="hidden" name="documentKinds" value="wordprocessing"/> <input type="hidden" name="documentKinds" value="spreadsheet"/> <input type="hidden" name="documentKinds" value="pdf"/> <input name="wrkspc" type="hidden" value="j_4" /> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="nbo1_147688" /> </form> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row mainNavLogo"> <div class="col-md-9 col-md-push-3 col-lg-9 col-lg-push-3 customNavCuria"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo1_147612_0_nbo1_147625_3" class="Outter PortletNavigate ID_nbo1_147625 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <nav class="navbar-default" role="navigation"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse-1"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav firstLine">  <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5119/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > The Institution <span class="caret"></span> </a>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_6999/en/" class="" > General Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7000/en/" class="" > Annual Report </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7004/en/" class="" > Information brochures </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_64268/en/" class="" > Various documents </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7001/en/" class="" > Departments </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7006/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Working for the Court of Justice</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7007/en/" class="" > Jobs </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3956112/en/" class="" > Vacancies </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3954053/en/" class="" > Open-ended calls </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/en/" class="" > Traineeships </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_268713/en/" class="" > Freelance translators </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7009/en/" class="" > Invitations to tender </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7011/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > History</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7015/en/" class="" > Annual reports </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7014/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Former Members</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_217426/en/" class="" > Court of Justice </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_217427/en/" class="" > General Court </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_217428/en/" class="" > Civil Service Tribunal </a> </li>  </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5122/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Civil Service Tribunal</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5230/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_67694/en/" class="" > 5th anniversary of the CST </a> </li>  </ul> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3997859/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Commemorative events</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4335226/en/" class="" > 2004 enlargement - 20th anniversary </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3997862/en/" class="" > 70 years </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_93450/en/" class="" > 60 years </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_52201/en/" class="" > From 20 to 2020 </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2699076/en/" class="" > 30 years of the General Court (1989-2019) </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_95693/en/" class="" > 50 years "Van Gend en Loos" </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_170283/en/" class="" > 12 years"SKOURIS Presidency" </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7018/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Visiting the Court</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7021/en/" class="" > Access map </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7019/en/" class="" > Group Visits </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3862585/en/" class="" > Educational project </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3699043/en/" class="" > Tourist Visits </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3699062/en/" class="" > Individual visitors </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_129962/en/" class="" > Security rules and rules of conduct </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3699112/en/" class="" > Protection of personal data </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7020/en/" class="" > Library </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7022/en/" class="" > Contact us </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_80908/en/" class="" > The Court in figures </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_25536/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Buildings</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943792/en/" class="" > The Palais </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943793/en/" class="" > The Anneau </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943794/en/" class="" > Erasmus building </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943795/en/" class="" > Thomas More building </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943796/en/" class="" > Themis building </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943797/en/" class="" > Comenius Tower </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943798/en/" class="" > Montesquieu Tower </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943799/en/" class="" > Rocca Tower </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943800/en/" class="" > The Gallery </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943801/en/" class="" > The history of the buildings </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943802/en/" class="" > Virtual Tour </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_134088/en/" class="" > Sustainable management </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3831939/en/" class="" > Art at the Court </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_92908/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Access to documents</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_184871/en/" class="" > Access to administrative documents </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_184874/en/" class="" > Historical Archives </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2699100/en/" class="" > Protection of personal data </a> </li>  </ul>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_6999/en/" class="" > General Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7000/en/" class="" > Annual Report </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7004/en/" class="" > Information brochures </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_64268/en/" class="" > Various documents </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7001/en/" class="" > Departments </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7006/en/" class="" > Working for the Court of Justice </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7009/en/" class="" > Invitations to tender </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7011/en/" class="" > History </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3997859/en/" class="" > Commemorative events </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7018/en/" class="" > Visiting the Court </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7022/en/" class="" > Contact us </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_80908/en/" class="" > The Court in figures </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_25536/en/" class="" > Buildings </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_134088/en/" class="" > Sustainable management </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3831939/en/" class="" > Art at the Court </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_92908/en/" class="" > Access to documents </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2699100/en/" class="" > Protection of personal data </a> </li> </ul> </li>  <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5120/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Court of Justice <span class="caret"></span> </a>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7024/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7025/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Members</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7026/en/" class="" > Presentation of the Members </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7029/en/" class="" > Composition of chambers </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_743290/en/" class="" > Members’ code of ethics </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7030/en/" class="" > Registry </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7031/en/" class="" > Procedure </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2800214/en/" class="" > Data Protection </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7032/en/" class="" > Statistics of judicial activity </a> </li>  </ul>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7024/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7025/en/" class="" > Members </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7030/en/" class="" > Registry </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7031/en/" class="" > Procedure </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2800214/en/" class="" > Data Protection </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7032/en/" class="" > Statistics of judicial activity </a> </li> </ul> </li>  <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5121/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > General Court <span class="caret"></span> </a>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7033/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7034/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Members</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7035/en/" class="" > Presentation of the Members </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7038/en/" class="" > Composition of chambers </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_743291/en/" class="" > Members’ code of ethics </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_90360/en/" class="" > Terms of office since 1989 </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7039/en/" class="" > Registry </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7040/en/" class="" > Procedure </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2800230/en/" class="" > Data Protection </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7041/en/" class="" > Statistics of judicial activity </a> </li>  </ul>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7033/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7034/en/" class="" > Members </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7039/en/" class="" > Registry </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7040/en/" class="" > Procedure </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2800230/en/" class="" > Data Protection </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7041/en/" class="" > Statistics of judicial activity </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav secondLine">  <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5123/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Case-law <span class="caret"></span> </a>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider">  <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106307/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Access to the online Reports of Cases</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106308/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106309/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Court Reports - general</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106311/en/" class="" > Court of Justice </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106312/en/" class="" > General Court </a> </li>  </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_156991/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Staff cases</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_156992/en/" class="" > General Court </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_156993/en/" class="" > Civil Service Tribunal </a> </li>  </ul> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7044/en/" class="" > Search form </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7045/en/" class="" > Numerical access </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7046/en/" class="" > Digest of the case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_1043150/en/" class="" > Fact sheets </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3471594/en/" class="" > Monthly Case-law Digest </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3874044/en/" class="" > Yearly selection of major judgments </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7083/en/" class="" > Annotation of judgments </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7048/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Judicial calendar</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_1125695/en/" class="" > Information on judicial vacations </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_14955/en/" class="" > Important pre-accession case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_126035/en/" class="" > Method of citing the case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3869098/en/" class="" > Fictitious names in anonymised cases </a> </li>  </ul>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106307/en/" class="" > Access to the online Reports of Cases </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7044/en/" class="" > Search form </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7045/en/" class="" > Numerical access </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7046/en/" class="" > Digest of the case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_1043150/en/" class="" > Fact sheets </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3471594/en/" class="" > Monthly Case-law Digest </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3874044/en/" class="" > Yearly selection of major judgments </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7083/en/" class="" > Annotation of judgments </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7048/en/" class="" > Judicial calendar </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_14955/en/" class="" > Important pre-accession case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_126035/en/" class="" > Method of citing the case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3869098/en/" class="" > Fictitious names in anonymised cases </a> </li> </ul> </li>  <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5124/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Press and Media <span class="caret"></span> </a>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7052/en/" class="" > Press releases </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7053/en/" class="" > Services for the media </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7054/en/" class="" > Guide for journalists </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7055/en/" class="" > Photos </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7056/en/" class="" > EbS </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_1477137/en/" class="" > Streaming </a> </li>  </ul>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7052/en/" class="" > Press releases </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7053/en/" class="" > Services for the media </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7054/en/" class="" > Guide for journalists </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7055/en/" class="" > Photos </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7056/en/" class="" > EbS </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_1477137/en/" class="" > Streaming </a> </li> </ul> </li>  <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170108/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Library <span class="caret"></span> </a>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170110/en/" class="" > Access and admission </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170111/en/" class="" > Current Bibliography </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170112/en/" class="" > Catalogue </a> </li>  </ul>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170110/en/" class="" > Access and admission </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170111/en/" class="" > Current Bibliography </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170112/en/" class="" > Catalogue </a> </li> </ul> </li>  <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170109/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Judicial Network of the EU <span class="caret"></span> </a>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170125/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170126/en/" class="" > References for a preliminary ruling </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170123/en/" class="" > National case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170124/en/" class="" > Notes and studies </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170127/en/" class="" > Legal monitoring </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170122/en/" class="" > Fact sheets </a> </li>  </ul>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170125/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170126/en/" class="" > References for a preliminary ruling </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170123/en/" class="" > National case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170124/en/" class="" > Notes and studies </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170127/en/" class="" > Legal monitoring </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170122/en/" class="" > Fact sheets </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="logoSearchLang"> <div class="col-md-3 col-md-pull-9 col-lg-3 col-lg-pull-9 logo"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo1_147612_0_eja_147810_0" class="Outter PortletWYSIWYG ID_eja_147810 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="wysiwyg"> <p><a title="logo_en" href="https://curia.europa.eu"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/image/png/2018-12/logo-en.png" alt="Logo of the Court of Justice of the European Union" title="Logo of the Court of Justice of the European Union" width="358" height="66" loading="lazy" class="is-width-set is-height-set is-width-set is-height-set"></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="visible-sm visible-xs search searchInsertAfterClass"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo1_147612_0_nbo1_147624_2" class="Outter PortletSearch ID_nbo1_147624 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="portletLightSearch hidden-print"> <div class="advancedSearch col-md-1 hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/CuriaPlugin/jsp/search.jsp?id=nbo1_147688&wrkspc=j_4" > <span class="jalios-icon fas fa-search-plus fa-lg"></span> </a> </div> <a class="simpleSearch-icon visible-sm visible-xs jalios-icon search-icon topbar-search glyphicons-search"></a> <div class="simpleSearch col-md-10 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <form action="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/CuriaPlugin/jsp/query.jsp" method="get" name="search" class="noSingleSubmitButton"> <div class="widget widget-light input-group tab-pane jalios-input-group "> <input class="form-control search" type="text" name="text" size="20" placeholder="Search" value=""/> </div> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.AppelDoffre"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.Brochure"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.CV"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="com.jalios.jcms.FileDocument"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.PressRelease"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilDocument"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilFichier"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilPublication"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilPeriode"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilReference"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilNumerique"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.Textes"/> <input type="hidden" name="typesOff" value="generated.RecueilPublication"/> <input type="hidden" name="textSearch" value="true"/> <input type="hidden" name="searchInFiles" value="true"/> <input type="hidden" name="mode" value="advanced"/> <input type="hidden" name="cids" value="T5_5118"/> <input type="hidden" name="langs" value="user"/> <input type="hidden" name="wrkspc" value="j_4"/> <input type="hidden" name="documentKinds" value="wordprocessing"/> <input type="hidden" name="documentKinds" value="spreadsheet"/> <input type="hidden" name="documentKinds" value="pdf"/> <input name="wrkspc" type="hidden" value="j_4" /> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="nbo1_147688" /> </form> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="visible-sm visible-xs languageSwitching"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo1_147612_0_nbo1_147623_1" class="Outter PortletMenu ID_nbo1_147623 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet Inner menuLangCuria" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <span class="jalios-icon fa fa-comments" style="color:#fff; font-size:18px;"></span> <a class="ctxLangMenu ctx-caret ctxmenu newTitleSwitchingLang hidden-sm hidden-xs" href="#" id="jq_1">Choose a language</a> <a class="ctxLangMenu ctx-caret ctxmenu newTitleSwitchingLang visible-sm visible-xs" href="#" id="jq_1">en</a> <a href="#" class="ctxLangMenu ctx-caret ctxmenu MenuLangJCMS"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="en"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-en twemoji-flag GB-twflag" alt="en" title="English / en" /></span></a><ul class="ctxMenu click" id="ctxLangMenu" style="display: none; width: 110px;"><li class="icon"><a lang="bg" xml:lang="bg" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/bg/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="bg"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-bg twemoji-flag BG-twflag" alt="bg" title="Български / bg" /></span> Български / bg</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="es" xml:lang="es" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/es/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="es"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-es twemoji-flag ES-twflag" alt="es" title="Español / es" /></span> Español / es</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="cs" xml:lang="cs" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/cs/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="cs"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-cs twemoji-flag CZ-twflag" alt="cs" title="Česky / cs" /></span> Česky / cs</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="da" xml:lang="da" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/da/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="da"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-da twemoji-flag DK-twflag" alt="da" title="Dansk / da" /></span> Dansk / da</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="de" xml:lang="de" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/de/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="de"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-de twemoji-flag DE-twflag" alt="de" title="Deutsch / de" /></span> Deutsch / de</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="et" xml:lang="et" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/et/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="et"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-et twemoji-flag EE-twflag" alt="et" title="Eesti / et" /></span> Eesti / et</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="el" xml:lang="el" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/el/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="el"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-el twemoji-flag GR-twflag" alt="el" title="Ελληνικά / el" /></span> Ελληνικά / el</a></li><li class="icon disabled"><a lang="en" xml:lang="en" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/en/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="en"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-en twemoji-flag GB-twflag" alt="en" title="English / en" /></span> English / en</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="fr" xml:lang="fr" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/fr/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="fr"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-fr twemoji-flag FR-twflag" alt="fr" title="Français / fr" /></span> Français / fr</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="ga" xml:lang="ga" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/ga/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="ga"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-ga twemoji-flag IE-twflag" alt="ga" title="Gaeilge / ga" /></span> Gaeilge / ga</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="hr" xml:lang="hr" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/hr/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="hr"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-default iso639flag" alt="hr" title="Hrvatski / hr" /></span> Hrvatski / hr</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="it" xml:lang="it" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/it/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="it"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-it twemoji-flag IT-twflag" alt="it" title="Italiano / it" /></span> Italiano / it</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="lv" xml:lang="lv" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/lv/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="lv"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-lv twemoji-flag LV-twflag" alt="lv" title="Latviešu / lv" /></span> Latviešu / lv</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="lt" xml:lang="lt" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/lt/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="lt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-lt twemoji-flag LT-twflag" alt="lt" title="Lietuvių / lt" /></span> Lietuvių / lt</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="hu" xml:lang="hu" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/hu/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="hu"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-hu twemoji-flag HU-twflag" alt="hu" title="Magyar / hu" /></span> Magyar / hu</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="mt" xml:lang="mt" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/mt/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="mt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-mt twemoji-flag MT-twflag" alt="mt" title="Malti / mt" /></span> Malti / mt</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="nl" xml:lang="nl" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/nl/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="nl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-nl twemoji-flag NL-twflag" alt="nl" title="Nederlands / nl" /></span> Nederlands / nl</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="pl" xml:lang="pl" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/pl/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="pl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-pl twemoji-flag PL-twflag" alt="pl" title="Polski / pl" /></span> Polski / pl</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="pt" xml:lang="pt" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/pt/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="pt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-pt twemoji-flag PT-twflag" alt="pt" title="Português / pt" /></span> Português / pt</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="ro" xml:lang="ro" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/ro/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="ro"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-ro twemoji-flag RO-twflag" alt="ro" title="Română / ro" /></span> Română / ro</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="sk" xml:lang="sk" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/sk/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sk"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sk twemoji-flag SK-twflag" alt="sk" title="Slovenčina / sk" /></span> Slovenčina / sk</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="sl" xml:lang="sl" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/sl/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sl twemoji-flag SI-twflag" alt="sl" title="Slovenščina / sl" /></span> Slovenščina / sl</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="fi" xml:lang="fi" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/fi/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="fi"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-fi twemoji-flag FI-twflag" alt="fi" title="Suomi / fi" /></span> Suomi / fi</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="sv" xml:lang="sv" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/sv/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sv"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sv twemoji-flag SE-twflag" alt="sv" title="Svenska / sv" /></span> Svenska / sv</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row topLine"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo1_147618_1" class="Outter PortletJspCollection ID_nbo1_147618 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletCollection Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="backgroundImageTopLine"> <div class="container"> <div class="professionalLinks col-md-4 col-sm-10 col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-2 col-sm-offset-2 col-md-offset-0"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo1_147618_1_nbo1_147668_0" class="Outter PortletNavigate ID_nbo1_147668 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="linkCuria">  <span class='jalios-icon far fa-file-alt'></span> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/nbo1_147641/en/" class=" title" >Press releases and résumés</a> </div> <div class="linkCuria">  <span class='jalios-icon fas fa-sign-in-alt'></span> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/nbo1_147643/en/" class=" title" >e-Curia</a> <a aria-label="Help" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_78957" css="help"> <span class="jalios-icon far fa-question-circle questionmark" aria-label=Help></span> </a> </div> <div class="linkCuria">  <span class='jalios-icon fas fa-video'></span> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3625261/en/" class=" title" >Streaming</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hidden-sm hidden-xs col-md-8 titleContainer"> <h1 class="title">THE COURT OF JUSTICE<br/>OF THE EUROPEAN UNION</h1> <div class="subtitle"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row newsLine"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo1_147617_2" class="Outter PortletJspCollection ID_nbo1_147617 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletCollection Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="container"> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 pqfNewsLinks"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo1_147617_2_nbo1_147715_0" class="Outter PortletQueryForeach ID_nbo1_147715 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 link"> <a href='https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2024-08/cp240125en.pdf' target='blank'> <img alt="" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/image/jpeg/2024-08/transfer_competences.jpg"/> <div class="firstPart" > <div class="titles"> <span class="title1">Jurisdiction for preliminary rulings – Partial transfer to the General Court</span> </div> </div>  </a> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 link"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4405475/en/" class="" data-jalios-id='p1_4405475'> <img alt="" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/image/png/2024-05/big-bob-eunited_in_diversity.png"/> <div class="firstPart" > <div class="titles"> <span class="title1">EUnited in Diversity - Conference Proceedings</span> <br/> <span class="title2">The Hague, 2023</span> </div> </div>  </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 pqfVideo"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo1_147617_2_p1_3941024_1" class="Outter PortletDecorationYoutube ID_p1_3941024 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" > <div class="wysiwyg classic"> <center> <p></p> <img alt="" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/images/Line_art_fond.png" width="388px" height="218px"> <div class="txtcookieYoutubeOn"> To watch this video you need to consent to YouTube cookies. <br><a class="btnVideoYoutube" value="OK" onClick="setCookie('cookieconsent_status_youtube', 'OK', 365);window.location.reload();">OK</a><a class="btnVideoYoutube" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/a1_1095707/">More information</a> </div> <p></p> </center> </div> <div class="fullDisplay PortletDecorationYoutube " itemscope="itemscope"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row mainLine"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo_170818_4" class="Outter PortletSelection ID_nbo_170818 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletCollection Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo_170818_4_nbo1_147615_0" class="Outter PortletJspCollection ID_nbo1_147615 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletCollection Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="container"> <div class="row row-eq-height"> <div class="flex-row"> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 leftColumnCuria sameHeightCuriaNewGC"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo_170818_4_nbo1_147615_0_nbo1_147670_0" class="Outter PortletQueryForeach ID_nbo1_147670 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="titleContainer"> <span class="colorLine"></span> <h1 class="title">News</h1> <span class="colorLine"></span> </div> <div class="pressRelease"> <div class="pr_date">Nº 194/2024 : 19 November 2024</div> <div class="pr_title"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668726/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668726'> Judgments of the Court of Justice in Cases C-808/21, C-814/21 Commission v Czech Republic </a> </div> <div class="pr_langbar"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668745/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668745'>bg</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668729/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668729'>es</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668736/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668736'>cs</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668727/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668727'>da</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668728/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668728'>de</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668737/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668737'>et</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668731/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668731'>el</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668726/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668726'>en</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668725/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668725'>fr</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668724/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668724'>hr</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668747/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668747'>ga</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668732/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668732'>it</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668740/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668740'>lv</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668739/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668739'>lt</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668738/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668738'>hu</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668741/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668741'>mt</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668733/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668733'>nl</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668742/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668742'>pl</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668734/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668734'>pt</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668746/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668746'>ro</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668743/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668743'>sk</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668744/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668744'>sl</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668730/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668730'>fi</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4668735/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4668735'>sv</a> </div> <div class="pr_summary">Citizenship of the Union: denying EU citizens residing in a Member State of which they are not nationals the right to become a member of a political party infringes EU law </div> </div> <div class="pressRelease"> <div class="pr_date">Nº 193/2024 : 13 November 2024</div> <div class="pr_title"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661531/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661531'> Judgments of the General Court in Cases T-58/20, T-64/20, T-69/20 NetCologne v Commission </a> </div> <div class="pr_langbar"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661533/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661533'>es</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661536/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661536'>cs</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661532/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661532'>de</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661531/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661531'>en</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661530/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661530'>fr</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661534/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661534'>it</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661537/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661537'>hu</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661538/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661538'>pl</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661535/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661535'>pt</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661539/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661539'>ro</a> </div> <div class="pr_summary">Merger control: the General Court upholds the Commission decision authorising Vodafone’s acquisition of Liberty Global’s telecommunications activities in Germany, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania </div> </div> <div class="pressRelease"> <div class="pr_date">Nº 192/2024 : 13 November 2024</div> <div class="pr_title"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661514/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661514'> Judgment of the General Court in case T-82/24 Administration of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine v EUIPO (RUSSIAN WARSHIP, GO F**K YOURSELF) </a> </div> <div class="pr_langbar"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661516/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661516'>es</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661515/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661515'>de</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661514/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661514'>en</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661513/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661513'>fr</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661517/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661517'>it</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661519/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661519'>hu</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661520/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661520'>pl</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4661518/en/" class="" target='_blank' data-jalios-id='p1_4661518'>pt</a> </div> <div class="pr_summary">Intellectual property: the figurative sign consisting of the phrase ‘RUSSIAN WARSHIP, GO F* *K yourself’ in Russian and English cannot be registered as an EU trade mark </div> </div> <div class="seeMore"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/nbo1_147641/en/" class="" >All News</a> </div></div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 centralColumnCuria sameHeightCuriaNewGC"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo_170818_4_nbo1_147615_0_nbo1_147671_1" class="Outter PortletJsp ID_nbo1_147671 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="firstPart"> <div class="titleContainer"> <span class="colorLine"></span> <h1 class="title">Search for a case</h1> <span class="colorLine"></span> </div> <form id="formRechercheAffaire" action="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/Formulaires/jsp/doQueryJurisprudence.jsp" method="post" target="_blank" class="noSingleSubmitButton" role="form" > <div class="form-group row"> <div class="col-md-offset-1 col-md-4 col-sm-3 col-xs-4 control-label" for="checkboxes">Court</div> <div class="col-md-7 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="checkbox"> <label for="id_choixJUR_C"><input name="checkboxes" id="id_choixJUR_C" value="C" type="checkbox" checked="checked">Court of Justice</label> </div> <div class="checkbox"> <label for="id_choixJUR_T"><input name="checkboxes" id="id_choixJUR_T" value="T" type="checkbox" checked="checked">General Court</label> </div> <div class="checkbox"> <label for="id_choixJUR_F"><input name="checkboxes" id="id_choixJUR_F" value="F" type="checkbox" checked="checked">Civil Service Tribunal</label> </div> </div> </div> <div class="form-group row"> <div class="col-md-offset-1 col-md-10 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <label for="id_numero_affaire">Case no</label> <input name="numero_affaire" id="id_numero_affaire" class="form-control input-md" type="text"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group row"> <div class="col-md-offset-1 col-md-10 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <label for="id_nom_usuel">Names of the parties</label> <input name="nom_usuel" id="id_nom_usuel"class="form-control input-md" type="text"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group row"> <label class="col-md-offset-1 col-md-10 control-label " for="textinput" style="font-weight: bold;">Dates</label> </div> <div class="form-group row"> <div class="col-md-offset-1 col-md-5" > <label for="date_debut">from</label> <input id="date_debut" name="date_debut" class="form-control input-md" type="text"> </div> <div class=" col-md-5"> <label for="date_fin">to</label> <input id="date_fin" name="date_fin" class="form-control input-md" type="text"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group row"> <input type="hidden" name="alldocnorec" value="alldocnorec" /> <input type="hidden" name="docnoor" value="docnoor" /> <input type="hidden" name="radtypeord" value="on" /> <input type="hidden" name="alldocrec" value="alldocrec" /> <input type="hidden" name="docor" value="docor" /> <input type="hidden" name="docav" value="docav" /> <input type="hidden" name="docsom" value="docsom" /> <input type="hidden" name="docinf" value="docinf" /> <input type="hidden" name="docppoag" value="docppoag" /> <input type="hidden" name="alldocnorec" value="alldocnorec" /> <input type="hidden" name="docnoor" value="docnoor" /> <input type="hidden" name="typeord" value="ALLTYP" /> <input type="hidden" name="docnodecision" value="docnodecision" /> <input type="hidden" name="allcommjo" value="allcommjo" /> <input type="hidden" name="affint" value="affint" /> <input type="hidden" name="affclose" value="affclose" /> <input type="hidden" name="ddatefs" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="mdatefs" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="ydatefs" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="ddatefe" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="mdatefe" value="" /> <div class="col-md-offset-1 col-md-5 col-sm-6 col-xs-6 btnSearchCuria"> <input type='submit' value="Search" name='opSearch' /> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6 btnAdvancedSearchCuria"> <a href='http://curia.europa.eu/juris/recherche.jsf?language=en' target="_blank"> advanced search </a> </div> </div> </form> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="secondPart"> <div class="titleContainer"> <span class="colorLine"></span> <h1 class="title">Most recent judgments, opinions and résumés</h1> <span class="colorLine"></span> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-3"> <span class="jalios-icon jcmsplugin-GraphicCharterPlugin-fa-fileText far fa-file-alt fa-5x" ></span> </div> <div class="col-md-9 col-sm-9 col-xs-9"> <div class="linkCuria">  <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/juris/documents.jsf?nat=or&mat=or&pcs=Oor&jur=C&for=&jge=&dates=&language=en&pro=&cit=none%252CC%252CCJ%252CR%252C2008E%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252Ctrue%252Cfalse%252Cfalse&oqp=&td=%3B%24mode%3D8D%24from%3D2024.11.16%24to%3D2024.11.23%3B%3BPUB5%3BPUB1%2CPUB3%2CPUB4%3BNPUB1%3B%3BORDALL&avg=&ordreTri=dateDesc&lgrec=fr&page=1&lg=&redirection=doc" target="_blank">Court of Justice</a> </div> <div class="linkCuria">  <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/juris/documents.jsf?nat=or&mat=or&pcs=Oor&jur=T&for=&jge=&dates=&language=en&pro=&cit=none%252CC%252CCJ%252CR%252C2008E%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252Ctrue%252Cfalse%252Cfalse&oqp=&td=%3B%24mode%3D8D%24from%3D2024.11.16%24to%3D2024.11.23%3B%3BPUB5%3BPUB1%2CPUB3%3BNPUB1%3B%3BORDALL&avg=&ordreTri=dateDesc&lgrec=fr&page=1&lg=&redirection=doc" target="_blank">General Court</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 rightColumnCuria sameHeightCuriaNewGC"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo_170818_4_nbo1_147615_0_nbo1_147672_2" class="Outter PortletCalCuria ID_nbo1_147672 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner rightColumnCuria calendrierJudiciaire" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="calendrierJudiciaire rightColumnCuria"> <div class="title"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_17661/en/"><span class="jalios-icon fas fa-search-plus loupe"></span>Judicial calendar</a> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_49953/en/" aria-label="Judicial calendar - Help"><span class="jalios-icon far fa-question-circle questionmark"></span></a> </div> <div class="calendar"> <div class="monthYearContainer"> <div class="monthYear"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/en/?cmMonth=9&cmYear=2024" class="arrowLeft" aria-label="Previous page"> <span class="jalios-icon jcmsplugin-GraphicCharterPlugin-fa-angleLeft fas fa-angle-left" ></span> </a> <span class="texte"> November 2024 </span> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/en/?cmMonth=11&cmYear=2024" class="arrowRight" aria-label="Next page"> <span class="jalios-icon jcmsplugin-GraphicCharterPlugin-fa-angleRight fas fa-angle-right" ></span> </a> </div> </div> <table> <tr class="calTableHeader"> <td class="week">week</td> <td>Mon</td> <td>Tues</td> <td>Wed</td> <td>Thurs</td> <td>Fri</td> <td>Sat</td> <td>Sun</td> </tr> <tr class="week"> <td class="week"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=28/10/2024&dateFin=3/11/2024"> 44 </a> </td> <td class='emptyday disabled'> </td> <td class='emptyday disabled'> </td> <td class='emptyday disabled'> </td> <td class='emptyday disabled'> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=1/11/2024&dateFin=1/11/2024"> 1 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=2/11/2024&dateFin=2/11/2024"> 2 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=3/11/2024&dateFin=3/11/2024"> 3 </a> </td> </tr> <tr class="week"> <td class="week"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=4/11/2024&dateFin=10/11/2024"> 45 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=4/11/2024&dateFin=4/11/2024"> 4 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=5/11/2024&dateFin=5/11/2024"> 5 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=6/11/2024&dateFin=6/11/2024"> 6 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=7/11/2024&dateFin=7/11/2024"> 7 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=8/11/2024&dateFin=8/11/2024"> 8 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=9/11/2024&dateFin=9/11/2024"> 9 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=10/11/2024&dateFin=10/11/2024"> 10 </a> </td> </tr> <tr class="week"> <td class="week"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=11/11/2024&dateFin=17/11/2024"> 46 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=11/11/2024&dateFin=11/11/2024"> 11 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=12/11/2024&dateFin=12/11/2024"> 12 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=13/11/2024&dateFin=13/11/2024"> 13 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=14/11/2024&dateFin=14/11/2024"> 14 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=15/11/2024&dateFin=15/11/2024"> 15 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=16/11/2024&dateFin=16/11/2024"> 16 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=17/11/2024&dateFin=17/11/2024"> 17 </a> </td> </tr> <tr class="week"> <td class="week"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=18/11/2024&dateFin=24/11/2024"> 47 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=18/11/2024&dateFin=18/11/2024"> 18 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=19/11/2024&dateFin=19/11/2024"> 19 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=20/11/2024&dateFin=20/11/2024"> 20 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=21/11/2024&dateFin=21/11/2024"> 21 </a> </td> <td class='day'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=22/11/2024&dateFin=22/11/2024"> 22 </a> </td> <td class='day calToday calFutur'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=23/11/2024&dateFin=23/11/2024"> 23 </a> </td> <td class='day calFutur'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=24/11/2024&dateFin=24/11/2024"> 24 </a> </td> </tr> <tr class="week"> <td class="week"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=25/11/2024&dateFin=1/12/2024"> 48 </a> </td> <td class='day calFutur'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=25/11/2024&dateFin=25/11/2024"> 25 </a> </td> <td class='day calFutur'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=26/11/2024&dateFin=26/11/2024"> 26 </a> </td> <td class='day calFutur'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=27/11/2024&dateFin=27/11/2024"> 27 </a> </td> <td class='day calFutur'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=28/11/2024&dateFin=28/11/2024"> 28 </a> </td> <td class='day calFutur'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=29/11/2024&dateFin=29/11/2024"> 29 </a> </td> <td class='day calFutur'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo1_6581/en/?dateDebut=30/11/2024&dateFin=30/11/2024"> 30 </a> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo_170818_4_nbo1_147615_0_nbo1_147674_3" class="Outter PortletNavigate ID_nbo1_147674 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="navInformationsPratiques"> <div class="titleContainer"> <span class="colorLine"></span> <h1 class="title">Practical information</h1> <span class="colorLine"></span> </div> <div class="linkCuria">  <span class='jalios-icon fas fa-briefcase'></span> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/nbo1_147647/en/" class=" title" >Jobs</a> </div> <div class="linkCuria">  <span class='jalios-icon fas fa-graduation-cap'></span> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/nbo1_147649/en/" class=" title" >Traineeships</a> </div> <div class="linkCuria">  <span class='jalios-icon fas fa-language'></span> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/a1_1073353/en/" class=" title" >Freelance translators</a> </div> <div class="linkCuria">  <span class='jalios-icon fa fa-volume-up'></span> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/nbo1_147645/en/" class=" title" >Invitations to tender</a> </div> <div class="linkCuria">  <span class='jalios-icon fa fa-university'></span> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/nbo1_147650/en/" class=" title" >Visits</a> </div> <div class="linkCuria">  <span class='jalios-icon fas fa-book-reader'></span> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/nbo1_147646/en/" class=" title" >Library</a> </div> <div class="linkCuria">  <span class='jalios-icon fas fa-map-marked-alt'></span> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/a1_1073354/en/" class=" title" >Access map</a> </div> <div class="linkCuria">  <span class='jalios-icon fas fa-address-book'></span> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/nbo1_147651/en/" class=" title" >Whoiswho</a> <span class="fas fa-external-link-alt"/> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row footer"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo1_147619_3" class="Outter PortletJspCollection ID_nbo1_147619 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletCollection Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo1_147619_3_nbo1_147663_0" class="Outter PortletNavigate ID_nbo1_147663 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="verticalMenu"> <ul class="childCategory root-nbo1_147657"> <li> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5133/en/" class="" >Contact us</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5135/en/" class="" >Disclaimer and warning</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/nbo1_147755/en/" class="" >RSS</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/nbo1_147756/en/" class="" >Social Media</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/a1_1095707/en/" class="" >Cookies</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/a1_1095708/en/" class="" >Data protection on the Curia website</a> </li> </ul> </div></div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <div id="nbo1_147611_0_p1_1981926_0_nbo1_147610_0_nbo1_147619_3_a1_1073222_1" class="Outter PortletWYSIWYG ID_a1_1073222 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" > <div class="wysiwyg"> <div style="float: right; padding: 10px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px;"> <p><span style="margin-right: 15px;"><a href="https://curia.social-network.europa.eu/@Curia/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img style="margin-bottom: 10px;" title="mastodon" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/image/png/2023-02/mastodon_2023-02-01_08-48-30_480.png?source=p1_3872460" alt="mastodon" width="28" height="28"></a></span><span style="margin-right: 15px;"><a class="twitter-follow-button" href="https://twitter.com/eucourtpress?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img style="margin-bottom: 10px;" title="twitter-en" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/image/png/2023-09/x_en_2023-09-06_14-29-43_349.png?source=p1_4113603" alt="X formerly twitter" width="28" height="28"></a> </span> <span style="margin-right: 15px;"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/european-court-of-justice/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <img style="margin-bottom: 10px;" title="linkedin on" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/image/png/2020-01/linkedin_on_2020-01-07_10-04-42_158.png" alt="linkedin on" width="28" height="28"></a> </span> <span style="margin-right: 15px;"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTfyrAlsJRZF1nGLLgnDiMA" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <img style="margin-bottom: 10px;" title="youtube-logo smaller" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/images/youtube_on.png" alt="youtube-logo smaller"></a> </span> <span style="margin-right: 15px;"> <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/lu/app/cvria/id1099088434?l=fr&mt=8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <img style="margin-bottom: 10px;" title="apple store-logo smaller" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/images/apple_store_on.png" alt="apple store-logo smaller"></a> </span> <span style="margin-right: 15px;"> <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=eu.europa.publications.cjeu&hl=en&pcampaignid=MKT-Other-global-all-co-prtnr-py-PartBadge-Mar2515-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <img style="margin-bottom: 10px;" title="google store-logo smaller" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/images/google_store_on.png" alt="google store-logo smaller"></a></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/cookieconsent/cookieconsent.min.js"></script> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div></div></div> </div> <ul class='ctxMenu click' id='ctxLangForm' style='display: none; width: 110px;'><li class='icon'><a lang='fr' xml:lang='fr' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="fr"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-fr twemoji-flag FR-twflag" alt="fr" title="Français / fr" /></span> Français / fr</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='bg' xml:lang='bg' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="bg"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-bg twemoji-flag BG-twflag" alt="bg" title="Български / bg" /></span> Български / bg</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='es' xml:lang='es' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="es"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-es twemoji-flag ES-twflag" alt="es" title="Español / es" /></span> Español / es</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='cs' xml:lang='cs' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="cs"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-cs twemoji-flag CZ-twflag" alt="cs" title="Česky / cs" /></span> Česky / cs</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='da' xml:lang='da' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="da"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-da twemoji-flag DK-twflag" alt="da" title="Dansk / da" /></span> Dansk / da</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='de' xml:lang='de' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="de"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-de twemoji-flag DE-twflag" alt="de" title="Deutsch / de" /></span> Deutsch / de</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='et' xml:lang='et' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="et"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-et twemoji-flag EE-twflag" alt="et" title="Eesti / et" /></span> Eesti / et</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='el' xml:lang='el' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="el"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-el twemoji-flag GR-twflag" alt="el" title="Ελληνικά / el" /></span> Ελληνικά / el</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='en' xml:lang='en' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="en"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-en twemoji-flag GB-twflag" alt="en" title="English / en" /></span> English / en</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='ga' xml:lang='ga' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="ga"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-ga twemoji-flag IE-twflag" alt="ga" title="Gaeilge / ga" /></span> Gaeilge / ga</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='hr' xml:lang='hr' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="hr"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-default iso639flag" alt="hr" title="Hrvatski / hr" /></span> Hrvatski / hr</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='it' xml:lang='it' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="it"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-it twemoji-flag IT-twflag" alt="it" title="Italiano / it" /></span> Italiano / it</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='lv' xml:lang='lv' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="lv"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-lv twemoji-flag LV-twflag" alt="lv" title="Latviešu / lv" /></span> Latviešu / lv</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='lt' xml:lang='lt' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="lt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-lt twemoji-flag LT-twflag" alt="lt" title="Lietuvių / lt" /></span> Lietuvių / lt</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='hu' xml:lang='hu' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="hu"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-hu twemoji-flag HU-twflag" alt="hu" title="Magyar / hu" /></span> Magyar / hu</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='mt' xml:lang='mt' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="mt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-mt twemoji-flag MT-twflag" alt="mt" title="Malti / mt" /></span> Malti / mt</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='nl' xml:lang='nl' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="nl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-nl twemoji-flag NL-twflag" alt="nl" title="Nederlands / nl" /></span> Nederlands / nl</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='pl' xml:lang='pl' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="pl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-pl twemoji-flag PL-twflag" alt="pl" title="Polski / pl" /></span> Polski / pl</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='pt' xml:lang='pt' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="pt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-pt twemoji-flag PT-twflag" alt="pt" title="Português / pt" /></span> Português / pt</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='ro' xml:lang='ro' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="ro"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-ro twemoji-flag RO-twflag" alt="ro" title="Română / ro" /></span> Română / ro</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='sk' xml:lang='sk' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sk"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sk twemoji-flag SK-twflag" alt="sk" title="Slovenčina / sk" /></span> Slovenčina / sk</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='sl' xml:lang='sl' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sl twemoji-flag SI-twflag" alt="sl" title="Slovenščina / sl" /></span> Slovenščina / sl</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='fi' xml:lang='fi' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="fi"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-fi twemoji-flag FI-twflag" alt="fi" title="Suomi / fi" /></span> Suomi / fi</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='sv' xml:lang='sv' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sv"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sv twemoji-flag SE-twflag" alt="sv" title="Svenska / sv" /></span> Svenska / sv</a></li></ul> <script > /* <![CDATA[ */ document.t0 = new Date().getTime(); /* ]]> */ </script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jalios/core/jalios-properties-js.jsp?nopackfirst&v=20230232"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jalios/core/jalios-i18n-js.jsp?nopackfirst&lang=en&v=20230232"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jspacker.jsp?v=20230232&js=js%2Flib%2Fmodernizr%2Fmodernizr.custom.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fjquery%2Fjquery-3.4.1.min.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-init.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fjquery%2Fjquery-migrate-1.4.1.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fjquery%2Fjquery-fix.js&js=js%2Flib%2FelementQuery.js"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jspacker.jsp?v=20230232&js=js%2Flib%2Fjquery-ui%2Fjquery-ui.js&js=js%2Flib%2FimagesLoaded%2Fimagesloaded.pkgd.js"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jspacker.jsp?v=20230232&js=js%2Flib%2Fmoment%2Fmoment.js"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jspacker.jsp?v=20230232&js=js%2Flib%2Fmoment%2Fmoment-timezone-with-data-1970-2030.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fjsonrpc.js"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jspacker.jsp?v=20230232&js=js%2Flib%2Fprototype.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fhistory.js%2Fhistory.adapter.jquery.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fhistory.js%2Fhistory.js"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jspacker.jsp?v=20230232&js=js%2Fjalios%2Futil.js&js=js%2Fchannel.js&js=js%2Fwidget.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fjquery.ajaxQueue.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fjquery.console.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fjquery.idle-timer.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fjquery.cookie.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-common.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-i18n.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-data-broker.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-data-toggle.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-sortable.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-sortable-portal.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-sortable-widget.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-tooltip.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-browser.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-prefs.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-submit.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-clickable.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap%2Ftransition.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap%2Falert.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap%2Fmodal.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap-3.3.7%2Fdropdown.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap%2Ftab.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap-3.3.7%2Ftooltip.js"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jspacker.jsp?v=20230232&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap-3.3.7%2Fpopover.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap%2Fbutton.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap%2Fcollapse.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap-typeahead%2Fbootstrap-typeahead.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap-notify.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap-tabdrop.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap-datetimepicker%2Fbootstrap-datetimepicker.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-prototype-conflict.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-polyfill.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-tab.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-modal.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-popin.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-ajax-refresh.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-single-submit.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-autocomplete.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-autocomplete-chooser.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-autocomplete-wiki.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-ctxmenu.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-collapse.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-widget.js"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jspacker.jsp?v=20230232&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-widget-chooser.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fux%2Fjalios-caddy.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-treeview.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-table-data.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-dropdown-repositioning.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-modal-forbidden.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-dirty-form-control.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fa11y%2Fjalios-a11y.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fa11y%2Fjalios-a11y-modal.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fa11y%2Fjalios-a11y-tabbable.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fa11y%2Fjalios-a11y-collapsable.js&js=plugins%2FRJUEToCVRIAPlugin%2Fjs%2Fplugin.js&js=plugins%2FGraphicCharterPlugin%2Fjs%2Fplugin.js&js=js%2Flib%2Ftwemoji%2Ftwemoji.min.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-emoji.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fcomponents%2Fanimate%2Fjalios-rippler.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fhandlebars%2Fhandlebars.js&js=plugins%2FFormulaires%2Fjs%2FrestCaptcha.js&js=plugins%2FUPMEPlugin%2Fjs%2Fimg-attributes.js&js=custom%2Fjs%2Fstandard.js&js=js%2Fcuria%2Fcheckboxgroup.js&js=plugins%2FFlashInfoPlugin%2Fjs%2Ffriendly-edit.js&js=plugins%2FCuriaPlugin%2Fjs%2Fplugin.js"></script> <script > /* <![CDATA[ */ var domLoadFunc = function() { var t1 = new Date().getTime(); (function($){ $(document).ready(function(){ $('ul.dropdown-menu [data-toggle=dropdown]').on('click', function(event) { event.preventDefault(); event.stopPropagation(); $(this).parent().siblings().removeClass('open'); $(this).parent().toggleClass('open'); }); }); })(jQuery); message = "This website needs certain cookies and similar means to work correctly. These cookies are technically necessary. If you allow us, we will also use Europa Analytics cookies to help gather statistics about your visits to this site in order to improve our service. We also use YouTube to host videos. YouTube will also use cookies or similar methods if you allow it. You can change your choices at any time on our cookie information page."; dismiss = "Only technically necessary cookies"; link = "More information"; All = "Accept all"; window.addEventListener("load", function(){ window.cookieconsent.initialise({ "palette": { "popup": { "background": "#EEECE9", "text": "#848484" }, "button": { "background": "#CDA769", "text": "#3B3939; /* AA */" } }, "theme": "edgeless", "content": { "message" : message, "dismiss" : dismiss, "All" : All, "link" : link } })}); // Initialize the checkbox groups var cbg_jur = new CheckBoxGroup(); cbg_jur.addToGroup("juridiction"); cbg_jur.setControlBox("TOUTESJUR"); jQuery.jalios.DOM.markResources('css/jalios/core/components/topbar/jalios-topbar.css', 'css/jalios/core/fonts/webfont-roboto.css', 'css/jalios/core/fonts/webfont-roboto-condensed.css', 'css/jalios/core/bootstrap.css', 'css/jalios/core/font-icons.css', 'css/jalios/core/core.css', 'css/jalios/core/core-theme.css', 'css/fff-sprite.css', 'css/jalios/core/lang.css', 'css/lib/animate/animate-custom.css', 'css/jalios/core/components/animate/jalios-rippler.css', 'css/jalios/core/jalios-dropdown-repositioning.css', 'css/jalios/core/components/a11y/a11y.css', 'plugins/CuriaPlugin/css/plugin.css', 'plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/css/plugin.css', 'css/wysiwyg.css', 'plugins/TextProcessorPlugin/css/plugin.css', 'plugins/Formulaires/css/font-awesome-4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css', 'plugins/Formulaires/css/jquery-ui.min.css', 'plugins/CURIAMainPlugin/css/hideApplicationCatalog.css', 'css/lib/bootstrap-datetimepicker/bootstrap-datetimepicker.css', 'plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/css/curia-wysiwyg.css', 'custom/css/standard.css', 'css/print.css', 'plugins/YoutubePlugin/css/cookievideoyoutube.css', 'css/fulldisplay.css', 'plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/cookieconsent/cookieconsent.min.css', 'plugins/CuriaPlugin/css/portal/print.css', 'plugins/BookmarksPlugin/css/bookmarks.css'); jQuery.jalios.DOM.markResources('js/lib/modernizr/modernizr.custom.js', 'js/lib/jquery/jquery-3.4.1.min.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-init.js', 'js/lib/jquery/jquery-migrate-1.4.1.js', 'js/lib/jquery/jquery-fix.js', 'js/lib/elementQuery.js', 'js/lib/jquery-ui/jquery-ui.js', 'js/lib/imagesLoaded/imagesloaded.pkgd.js', 'js/lib/moment/moment.js', 'js/lib/moment/moment-timezone-with-data-1970-2030.js', 'js/lib/jsonrpc.js', 'js/lib/prototype.js', 'js/lib/history.js/history.adapter.jquery.js', 'js/lib/history.js/history.js', 'js/jalios/util.js', 'js/channel.js', 'js/widget.js', 'js/lib/jquery.ajaxQueue.js', 'js/lib/jquery.console.js', 'js/lib/jquery.idle-timer.js', 'js/lib/jquery.cookie.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-properties-js.jsp?nopackfirst&v=20230232', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-common.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-i18n-js.jsp?nopackfirst&lang=en&v=20230232', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-i18n.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-data-broker.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-data-toggle.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-sortable.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-sortable-portal.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-sortable-widget.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-tooltip.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-browser.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-prefs.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-submit.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-clickable.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap/transition.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap/alert.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap/modal.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap-3.3.7/dropdown.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap/tab.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap-3.3.7/tooltip.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap-3.3.7/popover.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap/button.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap/collapse.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap-typeahead/bootstrap-typeahead.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap-notify.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap-tabdrop.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap-datetimepicker/bootstrap-datetimepicker.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-prototype-conflict.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-polyfill.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-tab.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-modal.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-popin.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-ajax-refresh.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-single-submit.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-autocomplete.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-autocomplete-chooser.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-autocomplete-wiki.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-ctxmenu.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-collapse.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-widget.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-widget-chooser.js', 'js/jalios/ux/jalios-caddy.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-treeview.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-table-data.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-dropdown-repositioning.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-modal-forbidden.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-dirty-form-control.js', 'js/jalios/core/a11y/jalios-a11y.js', 'js/jalios/core/a11y/jalios-a11y-modal.js', 'js/jalios/core/a11y/jalios-a11y-tabbable.js', 'js/jalios/core/a11y/jalios-a11y-collapsable.js', 'plugins/RJUEToCVRIAPlugin/js/plugin.js', 'plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/js/plugin.js', 'js/lib/twemoji/twemoji.min.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-emoji.js', 'js/jalios/core/components/animate/jalios-rippler.js', 'js/lib/handlebars/handlebars.js', 'plugins/Formulaires/js/restCaptcha.js', 'plugins/UPMEPlugin/js/img-attributes.js', 'custom/js/standard.js', 'js/curia/checkboxgroup.js', 'plugins/FlashInfoPlugin/js/friendly-edit.js', 'plugins/CuriaPlugin/js/plugin.js'); var t2 = new Date().getTime(); JcmsLogger.info('JSPPage', 'OnLoad in '+(t2-t1)+' ms', ' All JS in '+(t2-document.t0)+' ms'); document.body.className = document.body.className + ' js-ready'; document.isAjaxRefresh = true; }; // Do things when DOM is ready jQuery(document).ready(function() { domLoadFunc.defer(); // Why defer ? jQuery(document).trigger(jQuery.Event("jalios:ready")); }); /* ]]> */ </script> <div id="AjaxCtxtDeflate" style="display:none;">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</div> <div id="ajaxWaitIconWrapper" class="hide"> <img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/images/jalios/icons/ajax-wait.svg" class="jalios-icon ajax-wait jalios-icon-svg" alt="" id="ajaxWaitIcon" /> </div> <div class="handlebar-templates hide"> <script id="jalios-loading-wave" type="text/x-handlebars-template"> <svg class="lds-message wait-inline jalios-icon jalios-icon-svg jalios-icon-svg-inline" width="80px" height="80px" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 100 100" preserveaspectratio="xMidYMid"><g transform="translate(20 50)"><circle cx="0" cy="0" r="7" fill="#8ec255" transform="scale(0.99275 0.99275)"><animatetransform attributename="transform" type="scale" begin="-0.375s" calcmode="spline" keysplines="0.3 0 0.7 1;0.3 0 0.7 1" values="0;1;0" keytimes="0;0.5;1" dur="1s" repeatcount="indefinite"></animatetransform></circle></g><g transform="translate(40 50)"><circle cx="0" cy="0" r="7" fill="#009ef5" transform="scale(0.773605 0.773605)"><animatetransform attributename="transform" type="scale" begin="-0.25s" calcmode="spline" keysplines="0.3 0 0.7 1;0.3 0 0.7 1" values="0;1;0" keytimes="0;0.5;1" dur="1s" repeatcount="indefinite"></animatetransform></circle></g><g transform="translate(60 50)"><circle cx="0" cy="0" r="7" fill="#ff9400" transform="scale(0.42525 0.42525)"><animatetransform attributename="transform" type="scale" begin="-0.125s" calcmode="spline" keysplines="0.3 0 0.7 1;0.3 0 0.7 1" values="0;1;0" keytimes="0;0.5;1" dur="1s" repeatcount="indefinite"></animatetransform></circle></g><g transform="translate(80 50)"><circle cx="0" cy="0" r="7" fill="#00adb8" transform="scale(0.113418 0.113418)"><animatetransform attributename="transform" type="scale" begin="0s" calcmode="spline" keysplines="0.3 0 0.7 1;0.3 0 0.7 1" values="0;1;0" keytimes="0;0.5;1" dur="1s" repeatcount="indefinite"></animatetransform></circle></g></svg> </script> </div> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

CURIA - Home - Court of Justice of the European Union