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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_Philadelphia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Philadelphia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ancient Philadelphia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Philadelphia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_Philadelphia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Philadelphia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Roman Philadelphia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Philadelphia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philadelphia_in_the_Book_of_Revelation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philadelphia_in_the_Book_of_Revelation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Philadelphia in the Book of Revelation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philadelphia_in_the_Book_of_Revelation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philadelphia_in_Patristic_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philadelphia_in_Patristic_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Philadelphia in Patristic literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philadelphia_in_Patristic_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Philadelphia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Philadelphia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Byzantine Philadelphia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Philadelphia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeological_remains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeological_remains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Archaeological remains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeological_remains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people_from_Alaşehir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people_from_Alaşehir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable people from Alaşehir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people_from_Alaşehir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_bishops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_bishops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable bishops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_bishops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alaşehir</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1" title="آلاشهر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آلاشهر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1" title="آلاشهر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلاشهر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1" title="آلاشهر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلاشهر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1" title="آلاشهر – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="آلاشهر" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%B0%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Ալաշեհիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալաշեհիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Алашехир – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Алашехир" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_(Lydia)" title="Philadelphia (Lydia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Philadelphia (Lydia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%A1echiras" title="Alašechiras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alašechiras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1" title="آلاشهر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="آلاشهر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1" title="آلاشهر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلاشهر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%83%92%E3%83%AB" title="アラシェヒル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アラシェヒル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%85%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%80" title="АлашехӀир – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="АлашехӀир" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1" title="ضلع الاشہر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ضلع الاشہر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Алашехир – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алашехир" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D2%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Алашеһир – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Алашеһир" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80" title="Алошаҳр – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алошаҳр" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%96%D1%80" title="Алашехір – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алашехір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1" title="آلاشہر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آلاشہر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Alaşehir" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%B0%A2%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94" title="阿拉谢希尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ala%C5%9Fehir&params=38_21_N_28_31_E_region:TR_type:adm1st_dim:100000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°21′N</span> <span class="longitude">28°31′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.350°N 28.517°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.350; 28.517</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philadelphia_(Alasehir),Turkey&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia (Alasehir),Turkey">Philadelphia (Alasehir),Turkey</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">District and municipality in Manisa, Turkey</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Alaşehir</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Turkey" title="Districts of Turkey">District</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manisa_location_Ala%C5%9Fehir.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing Alaşehir District in Manisa Province"><img alt="Map showing Alaşehir District in Manisa Province" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Manisa_location_Ala%C5%9Fehir.svg/270px-Manisa_location_Ala%C5%9Fehir.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Manisa_location_Ala%C5%9Fehir.svg/405px-Manisa_location_Ala%C5%9Fehir.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Manisa_location_Ala%C5%9Fehir.svg/540px-Manisa_location_Ala%C5%9Fehir.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1404" data-file-height="1273" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map showing Alaşehir District in Manisa Province</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alaşehir is located in Turkey"><img alt="Alaşehir is located in Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Turkey_adm_location_map.svg/270px-Turkey_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Turkey_adm_location_map.svg/405px-Turkey_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Turkey_adm_location_map.svg/540px-Turkey_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="721" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:59.286%;left:15.903%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Alaşehir"><img alt="Alaşehir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Alaşehir</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Turkey</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Turkey</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegean_Region.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alaşehir is located in Turkey Aegean"><img alt="Alaşehir is located in Turkey Aegean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Aegean_Region.svg/270px-Aegean_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Aegean_Region.svg/405px-Aegean_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Aegean_Region.svg/540px-Aegean_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="461" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.831%;left:42.609%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Alaşehir"><img alt="Alaşehir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Alaşehir</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Alaşehir (Turkey Aegean)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Turkey Aegean</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ala%C5%9Fehir&params=38_21_N_28_31_E_region:TR_type:adm1st_dim:100000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°21′N</span> <span class="longitude">28°31′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.350°N 28.517°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.350; 28.517</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Turkey" title="Provinces of Turkey">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manisa_Province" title="Manisa Province">Manisa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">971 km<sup>2</sup> (375 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-tuik_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuik-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">104,717</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">110/km<sup>2</sup> (280/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Turkey" title="Time in Turkey">TRT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Turkey" title="Telephone numbers in Turkey">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0236</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alasehir.bel.tr/">www<wbr />.alasehir<wbr />.bel<wbr />.tr</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alaşehir</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Turkish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">[aˈɫaʃehiɾ]</a></span>) is a municipality and <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Turkey" title="Districts of Turkey">district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manisa_Province" title="Manisa Province">Manisa Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its area is 971 km<sup>2</sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its population is 104,717 (2022).<sup id="cite_ref-tuik_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuik-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is situated in the valley of the Kuzuçay (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cogamus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cogamus (page does not exist)">Cogamus</a> in antiquity), at the foot of the Bozdağ Mountain (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Tmolus" title="Mount Tmolus">Mount Tmolus</a> in antiquity). The town is connected to <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a> by a 105 km (65 mi) railway. </p><p>Founded in <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">antiquity</a> as <b>Philadelphia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Φιλαδέλφεια</span>, i.e., "the city of him who loves his brother"), the town was known as such until <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Philadelphia" title="Fall of Philadelphia">it was conquered</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a> in 1390. </p><p>Alaşehir stands on elevated ground commanding the extensive and fertile plain of the <a href="/wiki/Gediz_River" title="Gediz River">Gediz River</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hermus" title="Hermus">Hermus</a> in antiquity), presenting an imposing appearance when seen from a distance. It has about 45 <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a>. There are small industries and a fair trade. From one of the <a href="/wiki/Mineral_spring" title="Mineral spring">mineral springs</a> comes a heavily charged water popular around Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within Turkey, the city's name is synonymous with the dried <a href="/wiki/Sultana_(grape)" title="Sultana (grape)">Sultana</a> <a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">raisins</a>, although cultivation for the fresh fruit market, less labour-intensive than the dried fruit, has gained prominence in recent decades. As Philadelphia, Alaşehir was a highly important center in the <a href="/wiki/Early_centers_of_Christianity#Anatolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Early centers of Christianity">Early Christian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> periods. It remained a strong center of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christianity</a> until the early 20th century,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and remains a <a href="/wiki/Titular_see" title="Titular see">titular see</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Turkish name Alaşehir, which translates as "multicolored town", is first attested in the memoir of the 13th-century historian <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Bibi" title="Ibn Bibi">Ibn Bibi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EI3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town was founded by King <a href="/wiki/Attalus_II_Philadelphus" title="Attalus II Philadelphus">Attalus II Philadelphus</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 159–138 BC</span>) of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pergamon" title="Kingdom of Pergamon">Pergamon</a> with the Greek name "Philadelphia".<sup id="cite_ref-EI3_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CAH_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CAH-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to numismatic evidence, Philadelphia was briefly given the Latin name "Neocaesarea" during the reigns of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_emperors" title="List of Roman emperors">emperors</a> <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 37–41</span>) and <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 41–54</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-BNP_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNP-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town reverted to its original name Philadelphia after Claudius, but under Emperor <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 69–79</span>), the town used the Latin appellation <i>Flavia</i> to honor <a href="/wiki/Flavian_dynasty" title="Flavian dynasty">the imperial house</a> (i.e. "Flavia Philadelphia").<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town remained known as Philadelphia until the Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Philadelphia" title="Fall of Philadelphia">conquest</a> in 1390.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Philadelphia was historically located in <a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a> near the northeast foot of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tmolus" title="Mount Tmolus">Mount Tmolus</a> (modern-day Bozdağ) in the rich valley of the Cogamis river, which was a southern tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Gediz_River" title="Gediz River">Hermus River</a> (modern-day Gediz).<sup id="cite_ref-CAH_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CAH-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BNP_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNP-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was located in southern <a href="/wiki/Katakekaumene" title="Katakekaumene">Catacecaumene</a>, on the road connecting <a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">Sardis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laodicea_on_the_Lycus" title="Laodicea on the Lycus">Laodicea</a>. Philadelphia was well known for its vulnerability to earthquakes.<sup id="cite_ref-BNP_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNP-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ala%C5%9Fehir_Church_of_St._John_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ala%C5%9Fehir_Church_of_St._John_2.jpg/290px-Ala%C5%9Fehir_Church_of_St._John_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ala%C5%9Fehir_Church_of_St._John_2.jpg/435px-Ala%C5%9Fehir_Church_of_St._John_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ala%C5%9Fehir_Church_of_St._John_2.jpg/580px-Ala%C5%9Fehir_Church_of_St._John_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Church of St John, Philadelphia (Alaşehir)</figcaption></figure><p>Ancient episcopal sees of the late Roman province of Lydia are listed in the <i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i> as <a href="/wiki/Titular_see" title="Titular see">titular sees</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Philadelphia">Ancient Philadelphia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ancient Philadelphia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alaşehir began as perhaps one of the first ancient cities with the name Philadelphia. It was established in 189 BC by King <a href="/wiki/Eumenes_II" title="Eumenes II">Eumenes II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a> (197–160 BC). <a href="/wiki/Eumenes_II" title="Eumenes II">Eumenes II</a> named the city for the love of his brother, who would be his successor, <a href="/wiki/Attalus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Attalus II">Attalus II</a> (159–138 BC), whose loyalty earned him the nickname, "Philadelphos", literally meaning "one who loves his brother". The city is perhaps best known as the site of one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_churches_of_Asia" title="Seven churches of Asia">seven churches of Asia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lacking an heir, <a href="/wiki/Attalus_III" title="Attalus III">Attalus III Philometer</a>, the last of the <a href="/wiki/Attalid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Attalid dynasty">Attalid kings of Pergamum</a>, bequeathed his kingdom, including Philadelphia, to his <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> allies when he died in 133 BC. Rome established the province of <a href="/wiki/Asia_(Roman_province)" title="Asia (Roman province)">Asia</a> in 129 BC by combining <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a> and the former <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pergamon" title="Kingdom of Pergamon">Kingdom of Pergamon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carved_stone_slab_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Carved_stone_slab_01.JPG/220px-Carved_stone_slab_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Carved_stone_slab_01.JPG/330px-Carved_stone_slab_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Carved_stone_slab_01.JPG/440px-Carved_stone_slab_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3193" data-file-height="4821" /></a><figcaption>St. Jean Church, carved stone slab lying on the floor in Alaşehir</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_Philadelphia">Roman Philadelphia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Roman Philadelphia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Philadelphia was in the administrative district of <a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">Sardis</a> (Pliny NH 5.111). In AD 17, the city suffered badly in <a href="/wiki/AD_17_Lydia_earthquake" title="AD 17 Lydia earthquake">an earthquake</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a> relieved it of having to pay taxes (Tacitus <i>Annales</i> 2.47, cf. Strabo 12.8.18, 13.4.10, John Lydus <i>de mensibus</i> 4.115). In response, the city granted honors to Tiberius. Evidence from coinage reveals that <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a> helped the city; under <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a>, Philadelphia received his cognomen, Flavia. Under <a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a>, Philadelphia housed an imperial cult. Its coins bore the word <i>Neokoron</i> (literally, "temple-sweeper", caretaker of the temple). A small theatre, located at the northern edge of Toptepe Hill, is all that remains of Roman Philadelphia. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carved_stone_slab_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Carved_stone_slab_02.JPG/220px-Carved_stone_slab_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Carved_stone_slab_02.JPG/330px-Carved_stone_slab_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Carved_stone_slab_02.JPG/440px-Carved_stone_slab_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>St. Jean Church, carved stone slab lying on the floor in Alaşehir</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philadelphia_in_the_Book_of_Revelation">Philadelphia in the Book of Revelation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Philadelphia in the Book of Revelation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although several ancient cities bore the name of Philadelphia,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is generally agreed to be the one listed among the <a href="/wiki/Seven_churches_of_Asia" title="Seven churches of Asia">seven churches</a> written to by <a href="/wiki/John_of_Patmos" title="John of Patmos">John</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philadelphia is listed as the sixth church of the seven. A letter specifically addressed to the Philadelphian church is recorded in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%203:7–13&version=nrsv">Revelation 3:7–13</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+3:9&version=nkjv">Revelation 3:9</a>). The city's history of <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a> may lie behind the reference to making her church "a pillar in the temple" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+3:12&version=nkjv">Revelation 3:12</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Aside from the fact that <a href="/wiki/Smyrna" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a> was warned of <a href="/wiki/Temptation" title="Temptation">temptation</a> lasting "ten days", and Philadelphia was promised a total exemption, or preservation, from temptation, Philadelphia shares with Smyrna the distinction of receiving nothing but praise from <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a>. That explains why modern <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> churches sometimes use "Philadelphia" as a component in the local church's name as a way of emphasizing its faithfulness.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philadelphia_in_Patristic_literature">Philadelphia in Patristic literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Philadelphia in Patristic literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Philadelphia remained a major Christian center also after the New Testament period. One of <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Ignatius_to_the_Philadelphians" title="Epistle of Ignatius to the Philadelphians">epistles in early 2nd century was addressed to the Christians of that city</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_Philadelphia">Byzantine Philadelphia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Byzantine Philadelphia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Philadelphia was a prosperous Byzantine city that was called the "little <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>" in the 6th century AD because of its festivals and temples.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presumably, that indicates that the city was not entirely converted to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. <a href="/wiki/Montanism#History" title="Montanism">Ammia</a>, the Christian prophetess, was from Philadelphia, however.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In about 600, the domed Basilica of St. John was built, remains of which are the main archaeological attraction in the modern city. The Byzantine walls that once surrounded the city have all but crumbled away. A few remnants are still visible at the northeast edge of town, near the bus stand. The city was taken by the Seljuk Turks in 1074 and 1093–1094. In 1098, during the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a>, it was recovered by <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Emperor">Byzantine Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I</a>. In the 11th to the 15th centuries AD, it was the seat of the <i>doux</i> (governor) and <i><a href="/wiki/Stratopedarches" title="Stratopedarches">stratopedarches</a></i> (military commander) of the <a href="/wiki/Thrakesion" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrakesion">Thrakesion</a> theme. </p><p>It was the centre of several revolts against ruling Byzantine emperors: in 1182, led by <a href="/wiki/John_Komnenos_Vatatzes" title="John Komnenos Vatatzes">John Komnenos Vatatzes</a>, and 1188–1205 or 1206, led by <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Mangaphas" title="Theodore Mangaphas">Theodore Mangaphas</a>, a local Philadelphian, against <a href="/wiki/Isaac_II_Angelos" title="Isaac II Angelos">Isaac II Angelos</a>. At that time, the bishopric of Philadelphia was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Philadelphia" title="Metropolis of Philadelphia">metropolis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 14th century, Philadelphia was made the metropolis of Lydia by the Greek Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople, a status that it still holds. It was granted this honour because the city did not capitulate to the Ottomans. The city was prosperous especially in the 13th and 14th centuries: there was a Genoese trading colony, and the city was an important producer of leather goods and red-dyed silk (whence, perhaps, its Turkish name, which probably means "red city").<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 14th century, the city was surrounded by Ottoman emirates but maintained nominal allegiance to the Byzantine emperor. The city remained prosperous through trade and its strategic location. </p><p>Philadelphia was an independent neutral city under the influence of the Latin <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Rhodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Knights of Rhodes">Knights of Rhodes</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Philadelphia" title="Fall of Philadelphia">it was taken in 1390</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a>. Prior to Bayezid I's conquest, it was the last Byzantine Greek stronghold in Asia Minor.<sup id="cite_ref-EI3_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BNP_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNP-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twelve years later, it was captured by <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a>, who built a wall with the corpses of his prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, it passed into the rule of <a href="/wiki/Junayd_of_Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Junayd of Aydın">Junayd</a> until it was ultimately captured by <a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_period">Modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1867 until 1922, Alaşehir was part of the <a href="/wiki/Aidin_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Aidin Vilayet">Aidin Vilayet</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. In 1890, its population consisted of 17,000 Muslims and 4,000 Greeks according to <a href="/wiki/Vital_Cuinet" title="Vital Cuinet">Vital Cuinet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EI3_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through the end of the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a>, Alaşehir was severely affected by a fire that broke out. Patrick Kinross wrote, "Alaşehir was no more than a dark scorched cavity, defacing the hillside. Village after village had been reduced to an ash-heap."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is estimated that some 3,000 people died, and 4,300 out of 4,500 buildings were destroyed in the burning of Alaşehir.<sup id="cite_ref-Mango,_Atatürk,_p._343_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mango,_Atatürk,_p._343-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A suburb of <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nea_Filadelfia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nea Filadelfia">Nea Filadelfia</a> ("New Philadelphia"), is named from the Greek refugees from Alaşehir (in Greek known as "Philadelphia") who settled there following the war and the <a href="/wiki/Population_exchange_between_Greece_and_Turkey" title="Population exchange between Greece and Turkey">population exchange between Greece and Turkey</a> of 1923. </p><p>The city was the site of the <a href="/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir_Congress" title="Alaşehir Congress">Alaşehir Congress</a> in 1919. </p><p>In 1969, a <a href="/wiki/1969_Ala%C5%9Fehir_earthquake" title="1969 Alaşehir earthquake">magnitude 6.7</a> earthquake struck the city and killed 53 people.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeological_remains">Archaeological remains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Archaeological remains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For survey of remains see Erdoğan (2015).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Ancient Theater (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ala%C5%9Fehir&params=38.345933_N_28.51397_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°20′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°30′50″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.345933°N 28.513970°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.345933; 28.513970</span></span></span></a></span></span>)</li> <li>Ancient Stadium (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ala%C5%9Fehir&params=38.345633_N_28.511265_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°20′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°30′41″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.345633°N 28.511265°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.345633; 28.511265</span></span></span></a></span></span>)</li> <li>Ancient Temple (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ala%C5%9Fehir&params=38.345505_N_28.514556_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°20′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°30′52″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.345505°N 28.514556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.345505; 28.514556</span></span></span></a></span></span>)</li> <li>Necropolis and hypogea (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ala%C5%9Fehir&params=38.348176_N_28.507955_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°20′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°30′29″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.348176°N 28.507955°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.348176; 28.507955</span></span></span></a></span></span>)</li> <li>Byzantine city walls (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ala%C5%9Fehir&params=38.350563_N_28.523595_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°21′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°31′25″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.350563°N 28.523595°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.350563; 28.523595</span></span></span></a></span></span>)</li> <li>Basilica of St John (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ala%C5%9Fehir&params=38.349191_N_28.517434_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°20′57″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°31′03″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.349191°N 28.517434°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.349191; 28.517434</span></span></span></a></span></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 87 <a href="/wiki/Mahalle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahalle">neighbourhoods</a> in Alaşehir District:<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li>Akkeçili</li> <li>Alhan</li> <li>Aydoğdu</li> <li>Azıtepe</li> <li>Badınca</li> <li>Bahadır</li> <li>Bahçedere</li> <li>Bahçeliköy</li> <li>Baklacı</li> <li>Barış</li> <li>Belenyaka</li> <li>Beşeylül</li> <li>Caberburhan</li> <li>Caberfakılı</li> <li>Caberkonaklı</li> <li>Çağlayan</li> <li>Çakırcaali</li> <li>Çamlıbel</li> <li>Çarıkbozdağ</li> <li>Çarıkkaralar</li> <li>Çarıktekke</li> <li>Çeşneli</li> <li>Dağarlar</li> <li>Dağhacıyusuf</li> <li>Delemenler</li> <li>Erenköy</li> <li>Esentepe</li> <li>Evrenli</li> <li>Fatih</li> <li>Girelli</li> <li>Göbekli</li> <li>Gülenyaka</li> <li>Gülpınar</li> <li>Gümüşçay</li> <li>Gürsu</li> <li>Hacıbey</li> <li>Hacıhaliller</li> <li>Horzumalayaka</li> <li>Horzumembelli</li> <li>Horzumkeserler</li> <li>Horzumsazdere</li> <li>Ilgın</li> <li>Ilıca</li> <li>Işıklar</li> <li>İsmailbey</li> <li>İsmetiye</li> <li>İstasyon</li> <li>Karacalar</li> <li>Karadağ</li> <li>Kasaplı</li> <li>Kavaklıdere</li> <li>Kemaliye</li> <li>Kestanederesi</li> <li>Killik</li> <li>Kozluca</li> <li>Kurtuluş</li> <li>Kurudere</li> <li>Matarlı</li> <li>Menderes</li> <li>Narlıdere</li> <li>Örencik</li> <li>Örnekköy</li> <li>Osmaniye</li> <li>Piyadeler</li> <li>Şahyar</li> <li>Sakarya</li> <li>Sarıpınar</li> <li>Sarısu</li> <li>Selce</li> <li>Serinköy</li> <li>Serinyayla</li> <li>Şeyhsinan</li> <li>Sobran</li> <li>Soğanlı</li> <li>Soğuksu</li> <li>Soğukyurt</li> <li>Subaşı</li> <li>Tepeköy</li> <li>Toygarlı</li> <li>Türkmen</li> <li>Uluderbent</li> <li>Üzümlü</li> <li>Yeni</li> <li>Yenice</li> <li>Yeniköy</li> <li>Yeşilyurt</li> <li>Yuvacalı</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people_from_Alaşehir"><span id="Notable_people_from_Ala.C5.9Fehir"></span>Notable people from Alaşehir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notable people from Alaşehir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joannes_Laurentius_Lydus" class="mw-redirect" title="Joannes Laurentius Lydus">Joannes Laurentius Lydus</a> (b. 490) ancient Greek administrator and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Mangaphas" title="Theodore Mangaphas">Theodore Mangaphas</a> known also as <i>Morotheodoros</i> (born in 12th century), <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greeks" title="Byzantine Greeks">Byzantine Greek</a> military officer and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_usurpers" title="List of Byzantine usurpers">usurper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenan_Evren" title="Kenan Evren">Kenan Evren</a>, Turkish president and general</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_bishops">Notable bishops</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable bishops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ala%C5%9Fehir_Church_of_St._John.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ala%C5%9Fehir_Church_of_St._John.jpg/220px-Ala%C5%9Fehir_Church_of_St._John.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ala%C5%9Fehir_Church_of_St._John.jpg/330px-Ala%C5%9Fehir_Church_of_St._John.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ala%C5%9Fehir_Church_of_St._John.jpg/440px-Ala%C5%9Fehir_Church_of_St._John.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Church of St. John.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyriacus_of_Philadelphia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyriacus of Philadelphia (page does not exist)">Cyriacus</a> (at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Philippopolis" title="Council of Philippopolis">Council of Philippopolis</a>, 344)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodosius_of_Philadelphia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodosius of Philadelphia (page does not exist)">Theodosius</a> (deposed at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Seleucia" title="Council of Seleucia">Council of Seleucia</a>, 359)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theophanes_of_Philadelphia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theophanes of Philadelphia (page does not exist)">Theophanes</a> (at the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Ephesus" class="mw-redirect" title="First Council of Ephesus">First Council of Ephesus</a>, 431)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_of_Philadelphia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John of Philadelphia (page does not exist)">John</a> (at the <a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Third Council of Constantinople</a>, 680)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoleptus_of_Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoleptus of Philadelphia">Theoleptus of Philadelphia</a> (1283–1322): led defense of the city against Turkish attack in 1310; writings include religious poetry, monastic treatises, anti-Arsenite writings, letters</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macarius_Chrysocephalas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macarius Chrysocephalas (page does not exist)">Macarius Chrysocephalas</a> (1336–1382): candidate for patriarchate in 1353, wrote Rhodonia (anthology of proverbs and gnomai), catenae ("chains", quotations from theologians attached to Bible verses) on Matthew and Luke, homilies, and a vita of St. Meletios of Galesios</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anatolian_Metropolises_1880.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Anatolian_Metropolises_1880.svg/340px-Anatolian_Metropolises_1880.svg.png" decoding="async" width="340" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Anatolian_Metropolises_1880.svg/510px-Anatolian_Metropolises_1880.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Anatolian_Metropolises_1880.svg/680px-Anatolian_Metropolises_1880.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1375" data-file-height="779" /></a><figcaption>Greek-Orthodox metropolises in Asia Minor, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1880</span>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabrius_Severus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabrius Severus (page does not exist)">Gabrius Severus</a> (1577) wrote works against the Latins</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerasimus_Blachus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerasimus Blachus (page does not exist)">Gerasimus Blachus</a> (1679), author of numerous works</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meletius_Tipaldi" title="Meletius Tipaldi">Meletius Typaldus</a> (1685), deposed for becoming a Catholic</li></ul> <p>Philadelphia remains the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Philadelphia" title="Metropolis of Philadelphia">Metropolis of Philadelphia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has been a <a href="/wiki/Titular_see" title="Titular see">titular see</a> since the Greco-Turkish population exchange. </p><p>Although the Philadelphia area was <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">an Orthodox</a> area, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> have maintained a rival <a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">titular bishop</a> of Philadelphia since the 1500s.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catholic bishops have included: </p> <ul><li>Bernardo Jordán, (14 Apr 1535 Appointed – 1539)</li> <li>Philippe Musnier (15 Jun 1545 –)</li> <li>Marcus Lyresius (8 Jan 1603 Appointed – 28 Jun 1611)</li> <li>Georg Christoph Rösch (16 Jul 1612 Appointed – 30 Nov 1634)</li> <li>Michael Dalmeras (23 Oct 1623 Appointed – 13 Dec 1629)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Giles_(bishop)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Giles (bishop) (page does not exist)">William Giles</a> (9 Sep 1904 Appointed – 28 Jul 1913)</li> <li>Domenico Pasi (9 Sep 1913 Appointed – 15 Dec 1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Vazhapilly" title="Francis Vazhapilly">Francis Vazhapilly</a> (7 Apr 1921 Appointed – 21 Dec 1923)</li> <li>Agnello Renzullo (11 Apr 1924 Appointed – 20 Oct 1925 )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Mazzini" title="Luigi Mazzini">Luigi Mazzini</a> (24 Jun 1926 Appointed – 13 Dec 1950 Died)</li> <li>Pietro Zuccarino (5 Jan 1951 Appointed – 29 Nov 1953)</li> <li>João de Deus Ramalho, (9 Dec 1953 Appointed – 25 Feb 1958 )</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustin_Arce_Mostajo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustin Arce Mostajo (page does not exist)">Augustin Arce Mostajo</a> (22 May 1958 Appointed – 26 Nov 1970)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/47px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Turkey" title="List of earthquakes in Turkey">List of earthquakes in Turkey</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tuik-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tuik_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tuik_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en">"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. <a href="/wiki/T%C3%9C%C4%B0K" class="mw-redirect" title="TÜİK">TÜİK</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Address-based+population+registration+system+%28ADNKS%29+results+dated+31+December+2022%2C+Favorite+Reports&rft.pub=T%C3%9C%C4%B0K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiruni.tuik.gov.tr%2Fmedas%2F%3Fkn%3D95%26locale%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla%C5%9Fehir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx">Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi</a>, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harita.gov.tr/uploads/files-folder/il_ilce_alanlari.xlsx">"İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri"</a>. General Directorate of Mapping<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C4%B0l+ve+%C4%B0l%C3%A7e+Y%C3%BCz+%C3%B6l%C3%A7%C3%BCmleri&rft.pub=General+Directorate+of+Mapping&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.harita.gov.tr%2Fuploads%2Ffiles-folder%2Fil_ilce_alanlari.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla%C5%9Fehir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ala-Shehr" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ala-Shehr">Ala-Shehr</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 472.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ala-Shehr&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=472&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla%C5%9Fehir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblicaltraining.org/library/philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1915).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPétridès1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Pétridès, S. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Philadelphia"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Philadelphia">"Philadelphia" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. 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H.</a>; <a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_L%C3%A9vi-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Évariste Lévi-Provençal">Lévi-Provençal, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schacht" title="Joseph Schacht">Schacht, J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a>, eds. (1960). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks-brillonline-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/ala-shehir-SIM_0492?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=ala+shehir">"Ala S̲h̲ehir"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume I:<i> A–B</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 346. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495469456">495469456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ala+S%CC%B2h%CC%B2ehir&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+I%3A+A%E2%80%93B&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=346&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495469456&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks-brillonline-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Fala-shehir-SIM_0492%3Fs.num%3D0%26s.f.s2_parent%3Ds.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2%26s.q%3Dala%2Bshehir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla%C5%9Fehir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Annuario Pontificio 2013</i> (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-209-9070-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-209-9070-1">978-88-209-9070-1</a>), "Sedi titolari", pp. 819-1013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation#1:11" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Revelation">Revelation 1:11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1854–1857" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>, ed. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=earthquake.usgs.gov&rft.atitle=M+6.7+-+9+km+WSW+of+Kula%2C+Turkey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Feventpage%2Fiscgem811616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla%C5%9Fehir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Orçun Erdoğan, "The Remains from Late Antiquity and the East Roman Periods and Their Location within the Lydian City of Philadelphia: New Comments," <i>Mediterranean Journal of Humanities</i> 5/2 (2015): 251-274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx">Mahalle</a>, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). <i>The Ecumenical Patriarchate</i>. Wildside Press. p89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/d2p17.html">Philadelphia</a> at catholic-hierarchy.org.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir#Q138280" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Alaşehir">Alaşehir</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><i>The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia And their place in the plan of the Apocalypse</i>, <a href="/wiki/William_Mitchell_Ramsay" title="William Mitchell Ramsay">W. M. Ramsay</a>, D.C.L, Litt.D., LL.D., Professor of Humanity in the University of Aberdeen, 1904</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Ala-Shehr"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Ala-Shehr">"Ala-Shehr" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. I (9th ed.). 1878. p. 443.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ala-Shehr&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=443&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla%C5%9Fehir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Philadelphia (ancient)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Philadelphia_(ancient)">"Philadelphia. I. An ancient town of Lydia" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Cyclopædia">The American Cyclopædia</a></i>. 1879.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Philadelphia.+I.+An+ancient+town+of+Lydia&rft.btitle=The+American+Cyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.date=1879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla%C5%9Fehir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPétridès1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Pétridès, S. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Philadelphia" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Philadelphia&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=P%C3%A9trid%C3%A8s&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla%C5%9Fehir" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Turkey" title="Template:Districts of Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Districts_of_Turkey" title="Template talk:Districts of Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Districts_of_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Districts of Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alaşehir_in_Manisa_Province_of_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Alaşehir in <a href="/wiki/Manisa_Province" title="Manisa Province">Manisa Province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmetli" title="Ahmetli">Ahmetli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhisar" title="Akhisar">Akhisar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alaşehir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demirci" title="Demirci">Demirci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6lmarmara" title="Gölmarmara">Gölmarmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6rdes" title="Gördes">Gördes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1rka%C4%9Fa%C3%A7" title="Kırkağaç">Kırkağaç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6pr%C3%BCba%C5%9F%C4%B1,_Manisa" title="Köprübaşı, Manisa">Köprübaşı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kula,_Manisa" title="Kula, Manisa">Kula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salihli" title="Salihli">Salihli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sar%C4%B1g%C3%B6l" title="Sarıgöl">Sarıgöl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saruhanl%C4%B1" title="Saruhanlı">Saruhanlı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzadeler" title="Şehzadeler">Şehzadeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selendi" title="Selendi">Selendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soma,_Manisa" title="Soma, Manisa">Soma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turgutlu" title="Turgutlu">Turgutlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunusemre" title="Yunusemre">Yunusemre</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NUTS_Map_of_Turkey.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/NUTS_Map_of_Turkey.png/100px-NUTS_Map_of_Turkey.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/NUTS_Map_of_Turkey.png/150px-NUTS_Map_of_Turkey.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/NUTS_Map_of_Turkey.png/200px-NUTS_Map_of_Turkey.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><br /><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manisa_districts.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Districts of Manisa"><img alt="Districts of Manisa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Manisa_districts.png/100px-Manisa_districts.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Manisa_districts.png/150px-Manisa_districts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Manisa_districts.png/200px-Manisa_districts.png 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="816" /></a><figcaption>Districts of Manisa</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="List_of_provinces_by_region"><b>List of <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Turkey" title="Provinces of Turkey">provinces</a> by <a href="/wiki/NUTS_statistical_regions_of_Turkey" title="NUTS statistical regions of Turkey">region</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Region_(statistical)" title="Istanbul Region (statistical)">Istanbul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Marmara_Region_(statistical)" title="West Marmara Region (statistical)">West Marmara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1kesir_Province" title="Balıkesir Province">Balıkesir</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale_Province" title="Çanakkale Province">Çanakkale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edirne_Province" title="Edirne Province">Edirne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1rklareli_Province" title="Kırklareli Province">Kırklareli</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tekirda%C4%9F_Province" title="Tekirdağ Province">Tekirdağ</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Region_(statistical)" title="Aegean Region (statistical)">Aegean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afyonkarahisar_Province" title="Afyonkarahisar Province">Afyonkarahisar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1n_Province" title="Aydın Province">Aydın</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Denizli_Province" title="Denizli Province">Denizli</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir_Province" title="İzmir Province">İzmir</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCtahya_Province" title="Kütahya Province">Kütahya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manisa_Province" title="Manisa Province">Manisa</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%9Fla_Province" title="Muğla Province">Muğla</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C5%9Fak_Province" title="Uşak Province">Uşak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Marmara_Region" title="East Marmara Region">East Marmara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilecik_Province" title="Bilecik Province">Bilecik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolu_Province" title="Bolu Province">Bolu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bursa_Province" title="Bursa Province">Bursa</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCzce_Province" title="Düzce Province">Düzce</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eski%C5%9Fehir_Province" title="Eskişehir Province">Eskişehir</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kocaeli_Province" title="Kocaeli Province">Kocaeli</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sakarya_Province" title="Sakarya Province">Sakarya</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalova_Province" title="Yalova Province">Yalova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Anatolia_Region_(statistical)" title="West Anatolia Region (statistical)">West Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara_Province" title="Ankara Province">Ankara</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaman_Province" title="Karaman Province">Karaman</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Konya_Province" title="Konya Province">Konya</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Region_(statistical)" title="Mediterranean Region (statistical)">Mediterranean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Adana_Province" title="Adana Province">Adana</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antalya_Province" title="Antalya Province">Antalya</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdur_Province" title="Burdur Province">Burdur</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hatay_Province" title="Hatay Province">Hatay</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isparta_Province" title="Isparta Province">Isparta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kahramanmara%C5%9F_Province" title="Kahramanmaraş Province">Kahramanmaraş</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Province" title="Mersin Province">Mersin</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmaniye_Province" title="Osmaniye Province">Osmaniye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolia_Region_(statistical)" title="Central Anatolia Region (statistical)">Central Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aksaray_Province" title="Aksaray Province">Aksaray</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kayseri_Province" title="Kayseri Province">Kayseri</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1r%C4%B1kkale_Province" title="Kırıkkale Province">Kırıkkale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1r%C5%9Fehir_Province" title="Kırşehir Province">Kırşehir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nev%C5%9Fehir_Province" title="Nevşehir Province">Nevşehir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C4%9Fde_Province" title="Niğde Province">Niğde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivas_Province" title="Sivas Province">Sivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yozgat_Province" title="Yozgat Province">Yozgat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Black_Sea_Region_(statistical)" title="West Black Sea Region (statistical)">West Black Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amasya_Province" title="Amasya Province">Amasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bart%C4%B1n_Province" title="Bartın Province">Bartın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ank%C4%B1r%C4%B1_Province" title="Çankırı Province">Çankırı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87orum_Province" title="Çorum Province">Çorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karab%C3%BCk_Province" title="Karabük Province">Karabük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastamonu_Province" title="Kastamonu Province">Kastamonu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Samsun_Province" title="Samsun Province">Samsun</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinop_Province" title="Sinop Province">Sinop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokat_Province" title="Tokat Province">Tokat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zonguldak_Province" title="Zonguldak Province">Zonguldak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Black_Sea_Region_(statistical)" title="East Black Sea Region (statistical)">East Black Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artvin_Province" title="Artvin Province">Artvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giresun_Province" title="Giresun Province">Giresun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane_Province" title="Gümüşhane Province">Gümüşhane</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ordu_Province" title="Ordu Province">Ordu</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rize_Province" title="Rize Province">Rize</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Trabzon_Province" title="Trabzon Province">Trabzon</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Anatolia_Region_(statistical)" title="Northeast Anatolia Region (statistical)">Northeast Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C4%9Fr%C4%B1_Province" title="Ağrı Province">Ağrı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardahan_Province" title="Ardahan Province">Ardahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayburt_Province" title="Bayburt Province">Bayburt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzincan_Province" title="Erzincan Province">Erzincan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_Province" title="Erzurum Province">Erzurum</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C4%9Fd%C4%B1r_Province" title="Iğdır Province">Iğdır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kars_Province" title="Kars Province">Kars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_East_Anatolia_Region_(statistical)" title="Central East Anatolia Region (statistical)">Central East Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bing%C3%B6l_Province" title="Bingöl Province">Bingöl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitlis_Province" title="Bitlis Province">Bitlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaz%C4%B1%C4%9F_Province" title="Elazığ Province">Elazığ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakk%C3%A2ri_Province" title="Hakkâri Province">Hakkâri</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Malatya_Province" title="Malatya Province">Malatya</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%C5%9F_Province" title="Muş Province">Muş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunceli_Province" title="Tunceli Province">Tunceli</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Van_Province" title="Van Province">Van</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Anatolia_Region_(statistical)" title="Southeast Anatolia Region (statistical)">Southeast Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C4%B1yaman_Province" title="Adıyaman Province">Adıyaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Province" title="Batman Province">Batman</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r_Province" title="Diyarbakır Province">Diyarbakır</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gaziantep_Province" title="Gaziantep Province">Gaziantep</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilis_Province" title="Kilis Province">Kilis</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mardin_Province" title="Mardin Province">Mardin</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siirt_Province" title="Siirt Province">Siirt</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_Province" title="Şanlıurfa Province">Şanlıurfa</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak_Province" title="Şırnak Province">Şırnak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_municipalities_in_Turkey" title="Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey">Metropolitan municipalities</a> are bolded.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Turkey_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Turkey_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Turkey_adm_location_map.svg/750px-Turkey_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Turkey_adm_location_map.svg/1000px-Turkey_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="721" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.147%;left:9.902%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ephesus"><img alt="Ephesus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="od notheme" style="top:48.095%;left:9.099%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pergamon"><img alt="Pergamon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.131%;left:12.457%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Thyatira"><img alt="Thyatira" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Thyatira" title="Thyatira">Thyatira</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.31%;left:13.471%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sardis"><img alt="Sardis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">Sardis</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.143%;left:15.901%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Philadelphia (modern Alaşehir)"><img alt="Philadelphia (modern Alaşehir)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philadelphia (modern Alaşehir)</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.631%;left:18.916%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Laodicea"><img alt="Laodicea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Laodicea_on_the_Lycus" title="Laodicea on the Lycus">Laodicea</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hellenistic/Macedonian_colonies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hellenistic_colonies" title="Template:Hellenistic colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hellenistic_colonies" title="Template talk:Hellenistic colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hellenistic_colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hellenistic colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hellenistic/Macedonian_colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hellenistic/<a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedonian</a> <a href="/wiki/Colonies_in_antiquity" title="Colonies in antiquity">colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemais_Hermiou" title="Ptolemais Hermiou">Ptolemais Hermiou</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_III_empire_map-es.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Alexander_III_empire_map-es.svg/70px-Alexander_III_empire_map-es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Alexander_III_empire_map-es.svg/105px-Alexander_III_empire_map-es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Alexander_III_empire_map-es.svg/140px-Alexander_III_empire_map-es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1243" data-file-height="673" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai-Khanoum" title="Ai-Khanoum">Ai-Khanoum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0skenderun" title="İskenderun">Alexandretta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apamea,_Syria" title="Apamea, Syria">Apamea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Arachosia" title="Alexandria Arachosia">Alexandria Arachosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ariana" title="Alexandria Ariana">Alexandria Ariana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Eschate" title="Alexandria Eschate">Alexandria Eschate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_in_the_Caucasus" title="Alexandria in the Caucasus">Alexandria in the Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_on_the_Indus" title="Alexandria on the Indus">Alexandria on the Indus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Prophthasia" title="Alexandria Prophthasia">Alexandria Prophthasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Attalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edessa" title="Edessa">Edessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Laodicea Paralos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Laodicea in Phoenicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaea" 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4759490-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85380743">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11960766z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11960766z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564692805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027603229">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alaşehir&oldid=1257690285">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alaşehir&oldid=1257690285</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Category:Alaşehir">Alaşehir</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ala%C5%9Fehir_District" title="Category:Alaşehir District">Alaşehir District</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:189_BC" title="Category:189 BC">189 BC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:180s_BC_establishments" title="Category:180s BC establishments">180s BC establishments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_the_2nd_century_BC" title="Category:Populated places established in the 2nd century BC">Populated places established in the 2nd century BC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Attalid_colonies" title="Category:Attalid colonies">Attalid colonies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_towns_and_cities_in_Turkey" title="Category:Roman towns and cities in Turkey">Roman towns and cities in Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_titular_sees_in_Asia" title="Category:Catholic titular sees in Asia">Catholic titular sees in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Manisa_Province" title="Category:Populated places in Manisa Province">Populated 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