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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Författarskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Författarskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Författarskap</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Författarskap-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Författarskap</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Författarskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Knowledge_and_Decisions_(1980)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Knowledge_and_Decisions_(1980)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><i>Knowledge and Decisions</i> (1980)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Knowledge_and_Decisions_(1980)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_Conflict_Of_Visions_(1987)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_Conflict_Of_Visions_(1987)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span><i>A Conflict Of Visions</i> (1987)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_Conflict_Of_Visions_(1987)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografi_i_urval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografi_i_urval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografi i urval</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliografi_i_urval-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Bibliografi i urval</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliografi_i_urval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Engelska_originalverk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engelska_originalverk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Engelska originalverk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engelska_originalverk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Svenska_översättningar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Svenska_översättningar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Svenska översättningar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Svenska_översättningar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Källor-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Källor</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bokkällor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bokkällor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Bokkällor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bokkällor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Sowell</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 31 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84" title="توماس سويل – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توماس سويل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Томас Соуел – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Томас Соуел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84" title="تامس سول – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تامس سول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_%EC%86%8C%EC%9B%B0" title="토머스 소웰 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토머스 소웰" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C" title="תומאס סואל – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תומאס סואל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84" title="توماس سويل – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توماس سويل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB" title="トーマス・ソウェル – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トーマス・ソウェル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%DB%90%D9%84" title="ټوماس سووېل – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټوماس سووېل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BB,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Соуэлл, Томас – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Соуэлл, Томас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Томас Соул – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Томас Соул" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Thomas Sowell" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94" title="托马斯·索维尔 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="托马斯·索维尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q553449#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard" cellspacing="3" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.6em;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;"><span class="fn">Thomas Sowell</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Thomas_Sowell_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Thomas_Sowell_cropped.jpg/250px-Thomas_Sowell_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Thomas_Sowell_cropped.jpg/375px-Thomas_Sowell_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Thomas_Sowell_cropped.jpg/500px-Thomas_Sowell_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="855" data-file-height="1041" /></a></span> <div style="">Sowell år 1964.</div></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Född</th><td class="" style=""><span class="smeknamn">Thomas Sowell</span><br /><a href="/wiki/30_juni" title="30 juni">30 juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a><span class="noprint"> (94 år)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Gastonia,_North_Carolina" title="Gastonia, North Carolina">Gastonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Nationalitet</th><td class="kategori" style="">Amerikansk</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (BA) <p><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> (MA) </p> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> (PhD)</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Yrke/uppdrag</th><td class="roll" style="">Nationalekonom</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Influerad av</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich Hayek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Politisk rörelse</th><td class="kategori" style=""><a href="/wiki/Chicagoskolan" class="mw-disambig" title="Chicagoskolan">Chicagoskolan</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Barn</th><td class="" style="">2</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thomas Sowell</b>, född <a href="/wiki/30_juni" title="30 juni">30 juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a> i <a href="/wiki/Gastonia,_North_Carolina" title="Gastonia, North Carolina">Gastonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, är en <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">amerikansk</a> <a href="/wiki/Nationalekonomi" title="Nationalekonomi">nationalekonom</a> med <a href="/wiki/Konservativ_liberalism" title="Konservativ liberalism">konservativt liberal</a> inriktning. Han har skrivit ett stort antal böcker, av vilka många behandlar olika aspekter av <a href="/wiki/Marknadsekonomi" title="Marknadsekonomi">marknadsekonomi</a>, i flera fall specifikt inriktade på etniska minoriteters villkor, till exempel konsekvenser av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidragssystem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bidragssystem [inte skriven än]">bidragssystem</a> och <a href="/wiki/Positiv_s%C3%A4rbehandling" title="Positiv särbehandling">positiv särbehandling</a>. Sowell är numera verksam som <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senior_fellow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senior fellow [inte skriven än]">senior fellow</a></i> vid <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a> vid <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> och är en av de mest eminenta ekonomerna i USA. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografi">Biografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Biografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Biografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thomas Sowell föddes år 1930 i den amerikanska delstaten North Carolina. Hans far hann dö innan Sowell föddes. I sin barndom flyttade han och hans mors syster (som Sowell själv vid denna tidpunkt trodde var hans mor) till <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a> i <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>. Han har beskrivit sin uppväxt i en självbiografi med titeln <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Personal_Odyssey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Personal Odyssey [inte skriven än]">A Personal Odyssey</a></i>. </p><p>Han har undervisat i <a href="/wiki/Nationalekonomi" title="Nationalekonomi">nationalekonomi</a> vid <a href="/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a> och <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a>. Sedan år 1980 är Sowell verksam som <i>senior fellow</i> vid <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanforduniversitetets</a> <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a>, där han innehar en tjänst inom offentlig policy namngiven efter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rose_Friedman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rose Friedman [inte skriven än]">Rose</a> och <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Författarskap"><span id="F.C3.B6rfattarskap"></span>Författarskap</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Författarskap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Författarskap"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thomas Sowell har sedan början av 1960-talet i ett stort antal böcker, artiklar och tidningskolumner behandlat frågor inom många olika områden, däribland utbildning, politik, historia och ras. På 50-talet var Sowell <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">marxist</a>, men därefter kom han att motsätta sig denna ideologi, varom han har skrivit en kritisk bok, <i>Marxism: Philosophy and Economics</i> (1986). </p><p>Nedan följer mer ingående information om innehållet i några av hans böcker. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Knowledge_and_Decisions_(1980)"><span id="Knowledge_and_Decisions_.281980.29"></span><i>Knowledge and Decisions</i> (1980)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Knowledge and Decisions (1980)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Knowledge and Decisions (1980)"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I boken <i>Knowledge and Decisions</i> från 1980 beskrev Sowell hur social och ekonomisk kunskap överförs mellan olika delar av ett samhälle och hur denna överföring påverkar beslutsfattande. Han kritiserade <a href="/wiki/Priskontroll" class="mw-redirect" title="Priskontroll">priskontroller</a> såsom <a href="/wiki/Hyresreglering" title="Hyresreglering">hyresreglering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minimil%C3%B6n" title="Minimilön">minimilöner</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frysning_av_priser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frysning av priser [inte skriven än]">frysning av priser</a> och <a href="/wiki/Subvention" title="Subvention">subventioner</a> från utgångspunkten att dessa rubbar den implicita kunskapsöverföringen mellan konsumenter och producenter som är nödvändig för att optimera de val som står öppna för båda grupperna. Han argumenterade även för att sådant som kan uppfattas som inkompetens eller korruption i organisationer (såväl offentliga som privata) ofta har sin grund i hur rationella människor agerar som svar på de incitament som systemet tillhandahåller. </p><p>Sowell ägnade även en del av boken åt att utforska och kritisera vad han uppfattade som framväxten av ett expertvälde inom diverse statliga myndigheter, där ej folkvalda experter ges möjlighet att påverka och sätta upp regler för människors liv men samtidigt är isolerade från dem som får leva med experternas beslut på ett sätt som folkvalda politiker inte kan vara. Hans slutsats i boken var att ekonomiskt beslutsfattande bör vara decentraliserat, så att beslut fattas så nära dem som påverkas av besluten som möjligt, snarare än att dessa beslut fattas av experter på centrala myndigheter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_Conflict_Of_Visions_(1987)"><span id="A_Conflict_Of_Visions_.281987.29"></span><i>A Conflict Of Visions</i> (1987)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: A Conflict Of Visions (1987)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: A Conflict Of Visions (1987)"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I <i>A Conflict of Visions: Ideological Origins of Political Struggles</i> från 1987 argumenterade Sowell för att en stor del av de politiska motsättningar i samhället som återkommer genom historien, och varför samma grupper tenderar att ställa sig på samma sida i tillsynes icke relaterade frågor, baseras på en grundläggande skillnad i hur man ser på människans natur. Sowell delade grovt upp dessa tanketraditioner i två grupper av sociala "visioner", sätt att se på människans natur: en grupp "<i>constrained</i> visions" (villkorsbundna visioner), som ser den mänskliga naturen som beständig och självcentrerad, och en grupp "<i>unconstrained</i> visions" (ej villkorsbundna visioner), i vilka människans natur anses vara formbar och perfektibel. I Sowells argumentation utgick han ifrån en definition av "vision" som en "föranalytisk kognitiv handling", med vilket han menade vad vi uppfattar eller känner <i>före</i> det att vi har konstruerat något systematiskt resonemang som skulle kunnat kallas en teori.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sowell skrev: </p> <table style="margin:1em auto;border-collapse:collapse;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td style="color:#b2b7f2; font-size:3em; line-height:0; font-family:serif; padding:.35em; vertical-align:top;"><b>”</b> </td> <td style="padding:.3em;">In short, the two key criteria for distinguishing constrained and unconstrained visions are (1) the locus of discretion, and (2) the mode of discretion. Social decisions remain social decisions in either vision, but the discretion from which they derive is exercised quite differently. Social decisions are deliberately made by surrogates on explicitly rationalistic grounds, for the common good, in the unconstrained vision. Social decisions evolve systemically from the interactions of individual discretion, exercised for individual benefit, in the constrained vision - serving the common good only as an individually unintended consequence of the characteristics of systemic processes such as a competitive market economy. </td> <td style="color:#b2b7f2; font-size:3em; line-height:0; font-family:serif; padding:.35em; vertical-align:bottom;"><b>„</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding-right: 4em;text-align:right;font-size:smaller">– <i>A Conflict of Visions</i>, sid. 106<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Han menade vidare att: </p> <table style="margin:1em auto;border-collapse:collapse;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td style="color:#b2b7f2; font-size:3em; line-height:0; font-family:serif; padding:.35em; vertical-align:top;"><b>”</b> </td> <td style="padding:.3em;">The best kind of world for man as conceived in one vision is disastrous for man as conceived in the other vision. Believers in the two visions are thus foredoomed to be adversaries on one specific issue after another. </td> <td style="color:#b2b7f2; font-size:3em; line-height:0; font-family:serif; padding:.35em; vertical-align:bottom;"><b>„</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding-right: 4em;text-align:right;font-size:smaller">– <i>A Conflict of Visions</i>, sid. 107<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Som framstående företrädare för de villkorsbundna visionerna nämnde Sowell bl.a. <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Malthus" title="Thomas Robert Malthus">Thomas Robert Malthus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Hayek" title="Friedrich von Hayek">Friedrich von Hayek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes,_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.</a> och <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a>, medan de villkorslösa visionerna bl.a. ansågs företrädas av <a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">William Godwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Jean_Antoine_Nicolas_Caritat_Condorcet" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat Condorcet">Marquis de Condorcet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baron_d%27Holbach" title="Baron d'Holbach">Baron d'Holbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Laski" title="Harold Laski">Harold Laski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maximilien_de_Robespierre" title="Maximilien de Robespierre">Maximilien de Robespierre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Henri de Saint-Simon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Robert Owen</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen">Thorstein Veblen</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Dworkin" title="Ronald Dworkin">Ronald Dworkin</a> och <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a>. Sowell ansåg att varken <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> passar in i denna uppdelning, av mycket olika skäl, medan andra tänkare ansågs ha intagit en mellanposition eller konverterat från den ena visionen till den andra.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marxismen utgör enligt Sowell en speciell hybrid – en villkorsbunden vision med avseende på det förgångna och en ej villkorsbunden vision med avseende på en stor del av framtiden.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografi_i_urval">Bibliografi i urval</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Bibliografi i urval" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Bibliografi i urval"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engelska_originalverk">Engelska originalverk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Engelska originalverk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Engelska originalverk"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Discrimination and Disparities.</i> Basic Books. 2018. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/1-541-64563-4" title="Special:Bokkällor/1-541-64563-4">ISBN 1-541-64563-4</a>.</li> <li><i>Intellectuals and Society.</i> Basic Books. 2009. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-465-01948-X" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-465-01948-X">ISBN 0-465-01948-X</a>.</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"> <i><span>Economic Facts and Fallacies</span></i>. Basic Books. 2007. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-465-00349-4" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-465-00349-4">ISBN 0-465-00349-4</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economic+Facts+and+Fallacies&rft.date=2007&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Thomas_Sowell"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><i>Black Rednecks and White Liberals.</i> Encounter Books. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/1-594-03086-3" title="Special:Bokkällor/1-594-03086-3">ISBN 1-594-03086-3</a>.</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"> <i><span>Applied Economics: Thinking Beyond Stage One</span></i>. Basic Books. 2003. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-465-08143-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-465-08143-6">ISBN 0-465-08143-6</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Applied+Economics%3A+Thinking+Beyond+Stage+One&rft.date=2003&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Thomas_Sowell"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><i>Basic Economics: A Citizen's Guide to the Economy.</i> Basic Books. 2000. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-465-08145-2" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-465-08145-2">ISBN 0-465-08145-2</a>.</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"> <i><span>The Vision of the Anointed: Self-Congratulation As a Basis for Social Policy</span></i>. Basic Books. 1996. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-465-08995-X" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-465-08995-X">ISBN 0-465-08995-X</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vision+of+the+Anointed%3A+Self-Congratulation+As+a+Basis+for+Social+Policy&rft.date=1996&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Thomas_Sowell"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"> <i><span>A Conflict of Visions: Ideological Origins of Political Struggles</span></i>. William Morrow & Company. 1987. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-688-06912-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-688-06912-6">ISBN 0-688-06912-6</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Conflict+of+Visions%3A+Ideological+Origins+of+Political+Struggles&rft.date=1987&rft.pub=William+Morrow+%26+Company&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Thomas_Sowell"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Svenska_översättningar"><span id="Svenska_.C3.B6vers.C3.A4ttningar"></span>Svenska översättningar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Svenska översättningar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Svenska översättningar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Ekonomisk praktika : att förstå och förklara ekonomiska samband.</i> Timbro. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9-175-66541-7" title="Special:Bokkällor/9-175-66541-7">ISBN 9-175-66541-7</a>.</li> <li><i>Jakten på total rättvisa.</i> Timbro. 2000. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9-175-66456-9" title="Special:Bokkällor/9-175-66456-9">ISBN 9-175-66456-9</a>.</li> <li><i>Vägen ut ur slummen : marknader och minoriteter.</i> Timbro. 1989. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9-175-66158-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/9-175-66158-6">ISBN 9-175-66158-6</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bokkällor"><span id="Bokk.C3.A4llor"></span>Bokkällor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Bokkällor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Bokkällor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sowell, Thomas:<cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"> <i><span>A Conflict of Visions: Ideological Origins of Political Struggles</span></i>. William Morrow & Company. 1987. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-688-06912-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-688-06912-6">ISBN 0-688-06912-6</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Conflict+of+Visions%3A+Ideological+Origins+of+Political+Struggles&rft.date=1987&rft.pub=William+Morrow+%26+Company&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Thomas_Sowell"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoover.org/bios/sowell.html">Hoover Institution - Fellows - Thomas Sowell</a>, Hoover Institution, Stanford University (läst 2009-09-29)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>A Conflict of Visions</i>, 2007 års reviderade upplaga (Basic Books), sid. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>A Conflict of Visions</i>, 2007 års reviderade upplaga (Basic Books), sid. 106</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>A Conflict of Visions</i>, 2007 års reviderade upplaga (Basic Books), sid. 107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>A Conflict of Visions</i>, 2007 års reviderade upplaga (Basic Books), sid. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>A Conflict of Visions</i>, 2007 års reviderade upplaga (Basic Books), sid. 22</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sowell&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div style="display: inline;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/15px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/30px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> Wikiquote har citat av eller om <a href="https://sv.wikiquote.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" class="extiw" title="q:Thomas Sowell">Thomas Sowell</a>.<div class="interProject wikiquote" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sv.wikiquote.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" class="extiw" title="q:Thomas Sowell">Citat</a></div></div></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output 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style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Konservatism" title="Konservatism"><span style="color: white">Konservatism</span></a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Riktningar</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Internationella</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Frihetlig_konservatism" title="Frihetlig konservatism">Frihetlig</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B6n_konservatism" title="Grön konservatism">Grön</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kulturkonservatism" title="Kulturkonservatism">Kultur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Liberalkonservatism" title="Liberalkonservatism">Liberal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Medk%C3%A4nnande_konservatism" title="Medkännande konservatism">Medkännande</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Moderat" title="Moderat">Moderat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nationalkonservatism" title="Nationalkonservatism">National</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialkonservatism" title="Socialkonservatism">Social</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ultrakonservatism" title="Ultrakonservatism">Ultra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rdekonservatism" title="Värdekonservatism">Värde</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Nationella</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Action_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action française">Action française</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Austrofascism" title="Austrofascism">Austrofascism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frankism" title="Frankism">Frankism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Metaxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaxism">Metaxism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Neokonservatism" title="Neokonservatism">Neo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nykonservatism" title="Nykonservatism">Ny</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/One-nation_conservatism" title="One-nation conservatism">One-nation</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paleokonservatism" title="Paleokonservatism">Paleo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Radikalkonservatism" title="Radikalkonservatism">Radikal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rexism" title="Rexism">Rexism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Associerade</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Klerikal_fascism" title="Klerikal fascism">Klerikal fascism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kommunitarism" title="Kommunitarism">Kommunitarism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konservativ_liberalism" title="Konservativ liberalism">Konservativ liberalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Korporativism" title="Korporativism">Korporativism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kristdemokrati" title="Kristdemokrati">Kristdemokrati</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ordoliberalism" title="Ordoliberalism">Ordoliberalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Radikal_traditionalism" title="Radikal traditionalism">Radikal traditionalism</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="9"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:EdmundBurke1771.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edmund Burke (1729–1797), konservativ portalfigur"><img alt="Edmund Burke (1729–1797), konservativ portalfigur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/EdmundBurke1771.jpg/107px-EdmundBurke1771.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/EdmundBurke1771.jpg/161px-EdmundBurke1771.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/EdmundBurke1771.jpg/214px-EdmundBurke1771.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Jmaistre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joseph de Maistre (1753–1821), konservativ portalfigur"><img alt="Joseph de Maistre (1753–1821), konservativ portalfigur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Jmaistre.jpg/107px-Jmaistre.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Jmaistre.jpg/161px-Jmaistre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Jmaistre.jpg/214px-Jmaistre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="899" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Filosofi</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Principer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritet" title="Auktoritet">Auktoritet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Disciplin" title="Disciplin">Disciplin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aristokrati" title="Aristokrati">Aristokrati</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meritokrati" title="Meritokrati">Meritokrati</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Familj" title="Familj">Familj</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nsroll" title="Könsroll">Könsroller</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Folk" title="Folk">Folk</a> · <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rf%C3%A4dersdyrkan" title="Förfädersdyrkan">Förfädersdyrkan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Heder" title="Heder">Heder</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hierarki" title="Hierarki">Hierarki</a> · <a href="/wiki/Historism" title="Historism">Historism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kultur" title="Kultur">Kultur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kulturarv" title="Kulturarv">Arv</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kulturkanon" title="Kulturkanon">Kanon</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Lagstyre" title="Lagstyre">Lagstyre</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lojalitet" title="Lojalitet">Lojalitet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Monarkism" title="Monarkism">Monarkism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rojalism" title="Rojalism">Rojalism</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Ortodoxi" title="Ortodoxi">Ortodoxi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plikt" title="Plikt">Plikt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Statskyrka" class="mw-redirect" title="Statskyrka">Statskyrka</a> · <a href="/wiki/Suver%C3%A4nitet" title="Suveränitet">Suveränitet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Idéer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Familjen_som_statsmodell" title="Familjen som statsmodell">Familjen som statsmodell</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Folksj%C3%A4l" title="Folksjäl">Folksjäl</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kungad%C3%B6met_av_Guds_n%C3%A5de" title="Kungadömet av Guds nåde">Kungadömet av Guds nåde</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nationalkarakt%C3%A4r" title="Nationalkaraktär">Nationalkaraktär</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Oikofobi" title="Oikofobi">Oikofobi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Organismtanken" title="Organismtanken">Organismtanken</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sedlighet_(Hegel)" title="Sedlighet (Hegel)">Sedlighet</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Filosofer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Jünger</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peterson" title="Jordan Peterson">Peterson</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sowell</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Verk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Reflektioner_om_franska_revolutionen" title="Reflektioner om franska revolutionen">Reflektioner om franska revolutionen</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1790)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nie_du_christianisme" title="Génie du christianisme">Génie du christianisme</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1802)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/Grundlinien_der_Philosophie_des_Rechts" title="Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts">Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1820)</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Politik</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Politiker</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Adenauer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarck</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Dollfuss" title="Engelbert Dollfuss">Dollfuss</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy" title="Miklós Horthy">Horthy</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Le Pen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Klemens von Metternich">Metternich</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Powell" title="Enoch Powell">Powell</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">Salazar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Organisationer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gruppen_Europeiska_konservativa_och_reformister" title="Gruppen Europeiska konservativa och reformister">ECR (gruppen)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Europeiska_konservativa_och_reformister" title="Europeiska konservativa och reformister">ECR (partiet)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/European_Democrat_Students" title="European Democrat Students">EDS</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/European_Democrat_Union" title="European Democrat Union">EDU</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Europeiska_folkpartiet" title="Europeiska folkpartiet">EPP</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Internationella_demokratiska_unionen" title="Internationella demokratiska unionen">IDU</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/International_Young_Democrat_Union" title="International Young Democrat Union">IYDU</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Konservativa_partier" title="Kategori:Konservativa partier">Kategori:Konservativa partier</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konservativa_partiet_(Storbritannien)" title="Konservativa partiet (Storbritannien)">Konservativa partiet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Republikanska_partiet" title="Republikanska partiet">Republikanska partiet</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Historia</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Ancien_r%C3%A9gime" title="Ancien régime">Ancien régime</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Aristokrati" title="Aristokrati">Aristokrati</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bourbonska_restaurationen" title="Bourbonska restaurationen">Bourbonska restaurationen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Heliga_alliansen" title="Heliga alliansen">Heliga alliansen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anister" title="Orléanister">Orléanister</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5ndssamh%C3%A4lle" title="Ståndssamhälle">Ståndssamhälle</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ultrarojalister" title="Ultrarojalister">Ultrarojalister</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vitgardist" title="Vitgardist">Vitgardist</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vit_terror" title="Vit terror">Vit terror</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Wienkongressen" title="Wienkongressen">Wienkongressen</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Religion</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Konservativ_kristendom" title="Konservativ kristendom">Konservativ kristendom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Kristen_h%C3%B6ger" title="Kristen höger">Kristen höger</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Kristen_nationalism" title="Kristen nationalism">Kristen nationalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Romersk-katolsk_sociall%C3%A4ra" title="Romersk-katolsk sociallära">Romersk-katolsk sociallära</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Romersk-katolsk_traditionalism" title="Romersk-katolsk traditionalism">Romersk-katolsk traditionalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Traditionella_skolan" title="Traditionella skolan">Traditionella skolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Se även</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Den_historiska_skolan" title="Den historiska skolan">Den historiska skolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gerrealism" title="Högerrealism">Högerrealism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kontrarevolution" title="Kontrarevolution">Kontrarevolution</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Legitimism" title="Legitimism">Legitimism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Lojalist" title="Lojalist">Lojalist</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Politisk_h%C3%B6ger" title="Politisk höger">Politisk höger</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nya_h%C3%B6gern_(kulturr%C3%B6relse)" title="Nya högern (kulturrörelse)">Ny</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Reaktion%C3%A4r" title="Reaktionär">Reaktionär</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Retrogardism" title="Retrogardism">Retrogardism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Romantiken" title="Romantiken">Romantiken</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nationalromantik" title="Nationalromantik">National</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Traditionalism" title="Traditionalism">Traditionalism</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table class="navbox navbox-thlinkcolor" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#B10000; color:white;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Konservatism_i_USA" title="Mall:Konservatism i USA"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Konservatism_i_USA&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><span style="color: white">Konservatism i USA</span></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#B10000; color:white;;">Filosofi</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#B10000; color:white;;">Tankeskolor</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Frihetlig_konservatism" title="Frihetlig konservatism">Frihetlig konservatism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Medk%C3%A4nnande_konservatism" title="Medkännande konservatism">Medkännande konservatism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neokonservatism" title="Neokonservatism">Neokonservatism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nykonservatism" title="Nykonservatism">Nykonservatism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paleokonservatism" title="Paleokonservatism">Paleokonservatism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#B10000; color:white;;">Principer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Antikommunism" title="Antikommunism">Antikommunism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dominoteorin" title="Dominoteorin">Dominoteorin</a> · <a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Reagandoktrinen" title="Reagandoktrinen">Reagandoktrinen</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Kapitalism" title="Kapitalism">Kapitalism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Klassisk_liberalism" title="Klassisk liberalism">Klassisk liberalism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Konstitutionalism" title="Konstitutionalism">Konstitutionalism</a> (<a href="/wiki/USA:s_grundlagsf%C3%A4der" title="USA:s grundlagsfäder">USA:s grundlagsfäder</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Lagstyre" title="Lagstyre">Lagstyre</a> · <a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Naturr%C3%A4tt" title="Naturrätt">Naturrätt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Republikanism" title="Republikanism">Republikanism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_(USA)#Andra_tillägget" title="Bill of Rights (USA)">Rätt att bära vapen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a> · <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rdeabsolutism" title="Värdeabsolutism">Värdeabsolutism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#B10000; color:white;;">Intellektuella</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irving_Babbitt" title="Irving Babbitt">Babbitt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan</a> · <a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley Jr.</a> · <a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a> · <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Dolan" title="Timothy Dolan">Dolan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Gottfried</a> · <a href="/wiki/Victor_Davis_Hanson" title="Victor Davis Hanson">Hanson</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yoram_Hazony" title="Yoram Hazony">Hazony</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a> · <a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz" title="David Horowitz">Horowitz</a> · <a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick</a> · <a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a> · <a href="/wiki/Irving_Kristol" title="Irving Kristol">Kristol</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laffer" title="Arthur Laffer">Laffer</a> · <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Lasch</a> · <a href="/wiki/H.P._Lovecraft" title="H.P. Lovecraft">Lovecraft</a> · <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a> · <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet" title="Robert Nisbet">Nisbet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a> · <a href="/wiki/John_Crowe_Ransom" title="John Crowe Ransom">Ransom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Claes_G._Ryn" title="Claes G. Ryn">Ryn</a> · <a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sowell</a> · <a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a> · <a href="/wiki/Peter_Viereck" title="Peter Viereck">Viereck</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Washington</a> · <a href="/wiki/George_Will" title="George Will">Will</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#B10000; color:white;;">Tankesmedjor</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a> · <a href="/wiki/Project_for_the_New_American_Century" title="Project for the New American Century">Project for the New American Century</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rockford_Institute" title="Rockford Institute">Rockford Institute</a> · <a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz_Freedom_Center" title="David Horowitz Freedom Center">David Horowitz Freedom Center</a> · <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Institute" title="Discovery Institute">Discovery Institute</a> · <a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Institute" title="Family Research Institute">Family Research Institute</a> · <a href="/wiki/Heartland_Institute" title="Heartland Institute">Heartland Institute</a> · <a href="/wiki/Heritage_Foundation" title="Heritage Foundation">Heritage Foundation</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="5"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kirk_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russell Kirk (1918–1994), konservativ filosof."><img alt="Russell Kirk (1918–1994), konservativ filosof." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kirk_1962.jpg/110px-Kirk_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kirk_1962.jpg/165px-Kirk_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kirk_1962.jpg/220px-Kirk_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="982" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ronald_Reagan_1981_presidential_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ronald Reagan (1911–2004), konservativ politiker."><img alt="Ronald Reagan (1911–2004), konservativ politiker." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ronald_Reagan_1981_presidential_portrait.jpg/110px-Ronald_Reagan_1981_presidential_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ronald_Reagan_1981_presidential_portrait.jpg/165px-Ronald_Reagan_1981_presidential_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ronald_Reagan_1981_presidential_portrait.jpg/220px-Ronald_Reagan_1981_presidential_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2399" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><br /></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#B10000; color:white;;">Politik</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#B10000; color:white;;">Rörelser</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kristen_h%C3%B6ger" title="Kristen höger">Kristen höger</a> · <a href="/wiki/Radikal_h%C3%B6ger_(USA)" title="Radikal höger (USA)">Radikal höger (USA)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party-r%C3%B6relsen" title="Tea Party-rörelsen">Tea Party-rörelsen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#B10000; color:white;;">Partier</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a> · <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party" title="Constitution Party">Constitution Party</a> · <a href="/wiki/Federalistiska_partiet" title="Federalistiska partiet">Federalist Party</a> · <a href="/wiki/Law_and_Order_Party_of_Rhode_Island" title="Law and Order Party of Rhode Island">Law and Order Party of Rhode Island</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nationalrepublikanska_partiet" title="Nationalrepublikanska partiet">National Republican Party</a> · <a href="/wiki/Knownothings" title="Knownothings">Native American Party</a> · <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party" title="Reform Party">Reform Party</a> · <a href="/wiki/Republikanska_partiet" title="Republikanska partiet">Republican Party</a> · <a href="/wiki/Whigpartiet_(USA)" title="Whigpartiet (USA)">Whig Party</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#B10000; color:white;;">Politiker</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Abbott</a> · <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams</a> · <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Quincy Adams</a> · <a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Agnew</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan</a> · <a href="/wiki/George_H.W._Bush" title="George H.W. Bush">H. W. Bush</a> · <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">W. Bush</a> · <a href="/wiki/Liz_Cheney" title="Liz Cheney">Cheney</a> · <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a> · <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">DeSantis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Dole</a> · <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a> · <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Graham</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nikki_Haley" title="Nikki Haley">Haley</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a> · <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Harding</a> · <a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Hawley</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a> · <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Hoover</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Huckabee</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Johnson</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jim_Jordan_(politiker)" title="Jim Jordan (politiker)">Jordan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_den_%C3%A4ldre" title="Henry Cabot Lodge den äldre">Lodge</a> · <a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Luce</a> · <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a> · <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthy (Joseph)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy_(politiker)" title="Kevin McCarthy (politiker)">McCarthy (Kevin)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mark_Meadows_(politiker)" title="Mark Meadows (politiker)">Meadows</a> · <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul (Rand)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul (Ron)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Quayle</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Rubio</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Santorum</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Sessions</a> · <a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a> · <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft</a> · <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a> · <a href="/wiki/J.D._Vance" title="J.D. Vance">Vance</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#B10000; color:white;;">Jurister</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Abbott</a> · <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Alito</a> · <a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a> · <a href="/wiki/Warren_Burger" title="Warren Burger">Burger</a> · <a href="/wiki/Charles_Colson" title="Charles Colson">Colson</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a> · <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Meese</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">O'Connor</a> · <a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">Rehnquist</a> · <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Scalia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Sessions</a> · <a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">Sutherland</a> · <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#B10000; color:white;;">Organisationer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="Alliance Defending Freedom">Alliance Defending Freedom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">Conservative Political Action Conference</a> · <a href="/wiki/American_Family_Association" title="American Family Association">American Family Association</a> · <a href="/wiki/Freedomworks" title="Freedomworks">Freedomworks</a> · <a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">John Birch Society</a> · <a href="/wiki/Log_Cabin_Republicans" title="Log Cabin Republicans">Log Cabin Republicans</a> · <a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association_of_America" title="National Rifle Association of America">National Rifle Association of America</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oath_Keepers" title="Oath Keepers">Oath Keepers</a> · <a href="/wiki/USA:s_handelskammare" title="USA:s handelskammare">United States Chamber of Commerce</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#B10000; color:white;;">Media</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#B10000; color:white;;">Kommentatorer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Bannon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Beck" title="Glenn Beck">Beck</a> · <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Breitbart" title="Andrew Breitbart">Breitbart</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan</a> · <a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley Jr.</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Carlson</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ann_Coulter" title="Ann Coulter">Coulter</a> · <a href="/wiki/Steven_Crowder" title="Steven Crowder">Crowder</a> · <a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">Dobson</a> · <a href="/wiki/Matt_Drudge" title="Matt Drudge">Drudge</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Falwell</a> · <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Graham" title="Franklin Graham">Graham</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sean_Hannity" title="Sean Hannity">Hannity</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Huckabee</a> · <a href="/wiki/Laura_Ingraham" title="Laura Ingraham">Ingraham</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Jones</a> · <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tim_LaHaye" title="Tim LaHaye">LaHaye</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tomi_Lahren" title="Tomi Lahren">Lahren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Limbaugh</a> · <a 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style=";background:#B10000; color:white;;">Tidningar</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News" title="The Dallas Morning News">The Dallas Morning News</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></i></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#B10000; color:white;;">Tidskrifter</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a 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