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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waters,_oils_and_spirits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Waters, oils and spirits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waters,_oils_and_spirits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22List+of+alchemical+substances%22">"List of alchemical substances"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22List+of+alchemical+substances%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22List+of+alchemical+substances%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22List+of+alchemical+substances%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22List+of+alchemical+substances%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22List+of+alchemical+substances%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_alchemical_substances&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2008</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemical</a> studies produced a number of substances, which were later <a href="/wiki/Systematic_name" title="Systematic name">classified</a> as particular chemical <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">compounds</a> or mixtures of compounds. </p><p>Many of these terms were in common use into the 20th century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metals_and_metalloids">Metals and metalloids</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_alchemical_substances&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Metals and metalloids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Metals_of_antiquity" title="Metals of antiquity">Metals of antiquity</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Antimony</a>/<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Stibnium</i></span> – Sb</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Wismuth</i>) – Bi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a>/<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Cuprum</i></span> – associated with <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a>. Cu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a>/<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Aurum</i></span> – associated with the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>. Au</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Iron</a>/<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Ferrum</i></span> – associated with <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>. Fe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Lead</a>/<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Plumbum</i></span> – associated with <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>. Pb</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Quicksilver</a>/<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Hydrargyrum</i></span> – associated with <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>. Hg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a>/<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Argentum</i></span> – associated with the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>. Ag</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Tin</a>/<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Stannum</i></span> – associated with <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>. Sn</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Minerals,_stones,_and_pigments"><span id="Minerals.2C_stones.2C_and_pigments"></span>Minerals, stones, and pigments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_alchemical_substances&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Minerals, stones, and pigments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_sulfate" title="Copper(II) sulfate">Bluestone</a> – mineral form of <a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_sulfate" title="Copper(II) sulfate">copper(II) sulfate</a> pentahydrate, also called blue vitriol.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borax" title="Borax">Borax</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sodium_borate" title="Sodium borate">sodium borate</a>; was also used to refer to other related minerals.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadmia" title="Cadmia">Cadmia</a>/tuttia/tutty – probably <a href="/wiki/Zinc_carbonate" title="Zinc carbonate">zinc carbonate</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamine_(mineral)" title="Calamine (mineral)">Calamine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zinc_carbonate" title="Zinc carbonate">zinc carbonate</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calomel" title="Calomel">Calomel</a>/horn quicksilver/horn mercury – <a href="/wiki/Mercury(I)_chloride" title="Mercury(I) chloride">mercury(I) chloride</a>, a very poisonous purgative formed by subliming a mixture of mercuric chloride and metallic mercury, triturated in a mortar and heated in an iron pot. The crust formed on the lid was ground to powder and boiled with water to remove the calomel.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calx" title="Calx">Calx</a> – <a href="/wiki/Calcium_oxide" title="Calcium oxide">calcium oxide</a>; was also used to refer to other metal oxides.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcanthum" title="Chalcanthum">Chalcanthum</a> – the residue produced by strongly roasting blue vitriol (copper sulfate); it is composed mostly of <a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_oxide" title="Copper(II) oxide">cupric oxide</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">Chalk</a> – a rock composed of porous biogenic <a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">calcium carbonate</a>. CaCO<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_green" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrome green">Chrome green</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chromic_oxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromic oxide">chromic oxide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cobalt_oxide" title="Cobalt oxide">cobalt oxide</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_orange" title="Chrome orange">Chrome orange</a> – chrome yellow and chrome red.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_red" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrome red">Chrome red</a> – basic <a href="/wiki/Lead_chromate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead chromate">lead chromate</a> – PbCrO<sub>4</sub>+PbO</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_yellow" title="Chrome yellow">Chrome yellow</a>/Paris yellow/Leipzig yello – <a href="/wiki/Lead_chromate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead chromate">lead chromate</a>, PbCrO<sub>4</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnabar" title="Cinnabar">Cinnabar</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vermilion" title="Vermilion">vermilion</a> – refers to several substances, among them: <a href="/wiki/Mercury(II)_sulfide" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury(II) sulfide">mercury(II) sulfide</a> (HgS), or native <a href="/wiki/Vermilion" title="Vermilion">vermilion</a> (the common ore of <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_glance" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper glance">Copper Glance</a> – <a href="/wiki/Copper(I)_sulfide" title="Copper(I) sulfide">copper(I) sulfide</a> ore.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuprite" title="Cuprite">Cuprite</a> – <a href="/wiki/Copper(I)_oxide" title="Copper(I) oxide">copper(I) oxide</a> ore.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_white&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch white (page does not exist)">Dutch White</a> – a pigment, formed from one part of white lead to three of <a href="/wiki/Barium_sulfate" title="Barium sulfate">barium sulfate</a>. BaSO<sub>4</sub></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flowers_of_antimony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flowers of antimony (page does not exist)">Flowers of antimony</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antimony_trioxide" title="Antimony trioxide">antimony trioxide</a>, formed by roasting <a href="/wiki/Stibnite" title="Stibnite">stibnite</a> at high temperature and condensing the white fumes that form. Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fool%27s_gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Fool's gold">Fool's gold</a> – a mineral, <a href="/wiki/Iron_disulfide" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron disulfide">iron disulfide</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pyrite" title="Pyrite">pyrite</a>; can form <a href="/wiki/Oil_of_vitriol" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil of vitriol">oil of vitriol</a> on contact with water and air.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulminating_silver" title="Fulminating silver">Fulminating silver</a> – principally, <a href="/wiki/Silver_nitride" title="Silver nitride">silver nitride</a>, formed by dissolving <a href="/wiki/Silver(I)_oxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver(I) oxide">silver(I) oxide</a> in ammonia. Very explosive when dry.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulminating_gold" title="Fulminating gold">Fulminating gold</a> – a number of gold based explosives which "fulminate", or detonate easily. <ul><li>– <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_hydrazide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gold hydrazide (page does not exist)">gold hydrazide</a>, formed by adding ammonia to the auric hydroxide. When dry, can explode on concussion.</li> <li>– an unstable gold carbonate formed by precipitation by potash from gold dissolved in aqua regia.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galena" title="Galena">Galena</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lead(II)_sulfide" title="Lead(II) sulfide">lead(II) sulfide</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Lead</a> ore.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_of_antimony" title="Glass of antimony">Glass of antimony</a> – impure <a href="/wiki/Antimony_tetroxide" title="Antimony tetroxide">antimony tetroxide</a>, SbO<sub>4</sub> formed by roasting stibnite. A yellow pigment for glass and porcelain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">Gypsum</a> – a mineral; <a href="/wiki/Calcium_sulfate" title="Calcium sulfate">calcium sulfate</a>. CaSO<sub>4</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Horn silver">Horn silver</a>/argentum cornu – a weathered form of <a href="/wiki/Chlorargyrite" title="Chlorargyrite">chlorargyrite</a>, an ore of silver chloride.</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_cornea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna cornea (page does not exist)">Luna cornea</a> – <a href="/wiki/Silver_chloride" title="Silver chloride">silver chloride</a>, formed by heating horn silver till it liquefies and then cooling.</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_yellow" class="mw-redirect" title="King's yellow">King's yellow</a> – formed by mixing <a href="/wiki/Orpiment" title="Orpiment">orpiment</a> with <a href="/wiki/Arsenic_trioxide" title="Arsenic trioxide">white arsenic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapis_solaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapis solaris (page does not exist)">Lapis solaris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barite" class="mw-redirect" title="Barite">Bologna stone</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Barium_sulfide" title="Barium sulfide">barium sulfide</a> – 1603, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincenzo_Cascariolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincenzo Cascariolo (page does not exist)">Vincenzo Cascariolo</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lead_fume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lead fume (page does not exist)">Lead fume</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lead_oxide" title="Lead oxide">lead oxide</a>, found in flues at lead smelters.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_(mineral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lime (mineral)">Lime</a>/<a href="/wiki/Quicklime" class="mw-redirect" title="Quicklime">quicklime</a> (burnt lime)/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calx_viva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calx viva (page does not exist)">calx viva</a>/<a href="/wiki/Unslaked_lime" class="mw-redirect" title="Unslaked lime">unslaked lime</a> – <a href="/wiki/Calcium_oxide" title="Calcium oxide">calcium oxide</a>, formed by calcining <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slaked_lime" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaked lime">Slaked lime</a> – <a href="/wiki/Calcium_hydroxide" title="Calcium hydroxide">calcium hydroxide</a>. Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcasite" title="Marcasite">Marcasite</a> – a mineral; <a href="/wiki/Iron_disulfide" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron disulfide">iron disulfide</a>. In moist air it turns into green vitriol, FeSO<sub>4</sub>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massicot" title="Massicot">Massicot</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lead_monoxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead monoxide">lead monoxide</a>. PbO</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Litharge" title="Litharge">Litharge</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lead_monoxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead monoxide">lead monoxide</a>, formed by fusing and powdering massicot.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minium_(mineral)" title="Minium (mineral)">Minium</a>/<a href="/wiki/Red_lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Red lead">red lead</a> – <a href="/wiki/Trilead_tetroxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Trilead tetroxide">trilead tetroxide</a>, Pb<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>; formed by roasting litharge in air.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples_yellow" title="Naples yellow">Naples yellow</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cassel_yellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassel yellow">cassel yellow</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxychloride_of_lead&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxychloride of lead (page does not exist)">oxychloride of lead</a>, formed by heating litharge with sal ammoniac.</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercurius_praecipitatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercurius praecipitatus">Mercurius praecipitatus</a> – red <a href="/wiki/Mercuric_oxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercuric oxide">mercuric oxide</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_gold" title="Mosaic gold">Mosaic gold</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stannic_sulfide" class="mw-redirect" title="Stannic sulfide">stannic sulfide</a>, formed by heating a mixture of tin filings, sulfur, and sal-ammoniac.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orpiment" title="Orpiment">Orpiment</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arsenic_trisulfide" title="Arsenic trisulfide">arsenic trisulfide</a>, an ore of arsenic.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearl_white&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pearl white (page does not exist)">Pearl white</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bismuth_nitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth nitrate">bismuth nitrate</a>, BiNO<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophers%27_wool&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophers' wool (page does not exist)">Philosophers' wool</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nix_alba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nix alba (page does not exist)">nix alba</a> (white snow)/<a href="/wiki/Zinc_White" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinc White">Zinc White</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zinc_oxide" title="Zinc oxide">zinc oxide</a>, formed by burning zinc in air, used as a pigment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbago_(mineral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plumbago (mineral)">Plumbago</a> – a mineral, <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a>; not discovered in pure form until 1564</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_of_Algaroth" class="mw-redirect" title="Powder of Algaroth">Powder of Algaroth</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antimony_oxychloride" title="Antimony oxychloride">antimony oxychloride</a>, formed by precipitation when a solution of butter of antimony and spirit of salt is poured into water.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_of_Cassius" title="Purple of Cassius">Purple of Cassius</a> – formed by precipitating a mixture of gold, <a href="/wiki/Tin(II)_chloride" title="Tin(II) chloride">stannous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tin(IV)_chloride" title="Tin(IV) chloride">stannic chlorides</a>, with alkali. Used for glass coloring</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realgar" title="Realgar">Realgar</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arsenic_disulfide" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenic disulfide">arsenic disulfide</a>, an ore of arsenic.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimony_regulus" title="Antimony regulus">Regulus of antimony</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resin_of_copper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resin of copper (page does not exist)">Resin of copper</a> – <a href="/wiki/Copper(I)_chloride" title="Copper(I) chloride">copper(I) chloride</a> (cuprous chloride), formed by heating copper with corrosive sublimate.</li> <li>Rouge/<a href="/wiki/Crocus" title="Crocus">crocus</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colcothar" class="mw-redirect" title="Colcothar">colcothar</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferric_oxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferric oxide">ferric oxide</a>, formed by burning green vitriol in air.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stibnite" title="Stibnite">Stibnite</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">antimony</a> or <a href="/wiki/Antimony_trisulfide" title="Antimony trisulfide">antimony trisulfide</a>, ore of antimony.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turpeth_mineral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turpeth mineral (page does not exist)">Turpeth mineral</a> – hydrolysed form of <a href="/wiki/Mercury(II)_sulfate" title="Mercury(II) sulfate">mercury(II) sulfate</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdigris" title="Verdigris">Verdigris</a> – <a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_carbonate" title="Copper(II) carbonate">Carbonate of Copper</a> or (more recently) <a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_acetate" title="Copper(II) acetate">copper(II) acetate</a>. The carbonate is formed by weathering copper. The acetate is formed by vinegar acting on copper. One version was used as a green pigment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_arsenic" class="mw-redirect" title="White arsenic">White arsenic</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arsenious_oxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenious oxide">arsenious oxide</a>, formed by sublimating arsenical soot from the roasting ovens.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_lead" title="White lead">White lead</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lead_carbonate" title="Lead carbonate">carbonate of lead</a>, a toxic pigment, produced by corroding stacks of lead plates with dilute vinegar beneath a heap of moistened wood shavings. (replaced by <a href="/wiki/Blanc_fixe" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanc fixe">blanc fixe</a> & <a href="/wiki/Lithopone" title="Lithopone">lithopone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venetian_white&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venetian white (page does not exist)">Venetian white</a> – formed from equal parts of white lead and <a href="/wiki/Barium_sulfate" title="Barium sulfate">barium sulfate</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaffre" title="Zaffre">Zaffre</a> – impure <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobalt_arsenate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobalt arsenate (page does not exist)">cobalt arsenate</a>, formed after roasting cobalt ore.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_blende" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinc blende">Zinc blende</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zinc_sulfide" title="Zinc sulfide">zinc sulfide</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Salts">Salts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_alchemical_substances&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Salts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glauber%27s_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Glauber's salt">Glauber's salt</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sodium_sulfate" title="Sodium sulfate">sodium sulfate</a>. Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sal_alembroth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sal alembroth (page does not exist)">Sal alembroth</a> – salt composed of chlorides of ammonium and mercury.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal_ammoniac" class="mw-redirect" title="Sal ammoniac">Sal ammoniac</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_chloride" title="Ammonium chloride">ammonium chloride</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal_petrae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sal petrae">Sal petrae</a> (Med. Latin: "stone salt")/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salt_of_petra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salt of petra (page does not exist)">salt of petra</a>/<a href="/wiki/Potassium_nitrate" title="Potassium nitrate">saltpetre</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nitrate_of_potash" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrate of potash">nitrate of potash</a> – <a href="/wiki/Potassium_nitrate" title="Potassium nitrate">potassium nitrate</a>, KNO<sub>3</sub>, typically mined from covered dungheaps.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">Salt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Common_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Common salt">common salt</a> – a mineral, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">sodium chloride</a>, NaCl, formed by evaporating seawater (impure form).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_of_tartar" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt of tartar">Salt of tartar</a> – <a href="/wiki/Potassium_carbonate" title="Potassium carbonate">potassium carbonate</a>; also called potash.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal_volatile" class="mw-redirect" title="Sal volatile">Salt of hartshorn/sal volatile</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_carbonate" title="Ammonium carbonate">ammonium carbonate</a> formed by distilling bones and horns.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin salt">Tin salt</a> – hydrated <a href="/wiki/Tin(II)_chloride" title="Tin(II) chloride">stannous chloride</a>; see also <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">spiritus fumans</i></span>, another chloride of tin.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vitriols">Vitriols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_alchemical_substances&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vitriols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_vitriol" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue vitriol">Blue vitriol</a> – <a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_sulfate" title="Copper(II) sulfate">copper(II) sulfate</a> pentahydrate.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_vitriol" class="mw-redirect" title="Green vitriol">Green vitriol</a> – a mineral; <a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_sulfate" title="Iron(II) sulfate">iron(II) sulfate</a> heptahydrate. (or <a href="/wiki/Ferrous_sulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrous sulfate">ferrous sulfate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_vitriol" class="mw-redirect" title="Red vitriol">Red vitriol</a> - <a href="/wiki/Cobalt_sulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalt sulfate">cobalt sulfate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_vitriol" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet vitriol">Sweet vitriol</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diethyl_ether" title="Diethyl ether">diethyl ether</a>. It could be made by mixing <a href="/wiki/Oil_of_vitriol" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil of vitriol">oil of vitriol</a> with <a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit of wine">spirit of wine</a> and heating it.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_vitriol" class="mw-redirect" title="White vitriol">White vitriol</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zinc_sulfate" title="Zinc sulfate">zinc sulfate</a>, formed by <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lixiviate" class="extiw" title="wikt:lixiviate">lixiviating</a> roasted zinc blende.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Waters,_oils_and_spirits"><span id="Waters.2C_oils_and_spirits"></span>Waters, oils and spirits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_alchemical_substances&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Waters, oils and spirits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Aqua_fortis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqua fortis">Aqua fortis</a></i></span>/spirit of nitre – <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a>, formed by 2 parts <a href="/wiki/Potassium_nitrate" title="Potassium nitrate">saltpetre</a> in 1 part (pure) oil of vitriol (<a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a>). (Historically, this process could not have been used, as 98% oil of vitriol was not available.)</li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Aqua_ragia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqua ragia">Aqua ragia</a></i></span>/<a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_turpentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit of turpentine">spirit of turpentine</a>/<a href="/wiki/Oil_of_turpentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil of turpentine">oil of turpentine</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gum_turpentine_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Gum turpentine (disambiguation)">gum turpentine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Turpentine" title="Turpentine">turpentine</a>, formed by the distillation of <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a> tree <a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">resin</a>.</li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Aqua_regia" title="Aqua regia">Aqua regia</a></i></span> (Latin: "royal water") – a mixture of aqua fortis and spirit of salt.</li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aqua_tofani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aqua tofani (page does not exist)">Aqua tofani</a></i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Arsenic_trioxide" title="Arsenic trioxide">arsenic trioxide</a>, As<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (extremely poisonous)</li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Aqua_vitae" title="Aqua vitae">Aqua vitae</a></i></span>/aqua vita/<a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit of wine">spirit of wine</a>, ardent spirits – <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>, formed by distilling wine<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter_of_antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Butter of antimony">Butter (or oil) of antimony</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antimony_trichloride" title="Antimony trichloride">antimony trichloride</a>. Formed by distilling roasted <a href="/wiki/Stibnite" title="Stibnite">stibnite</a> with corrosive sublimate, or dissolving <a href="/wiki/Stibnite" title="Stibnite">stibnite</a> in hot concentrated hydrochloric acid and distilling. SbCl<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter_of_tin" class="mw-redirect" title="Butter of tin">Butter of tin</a> – hydrated <a href="/wiki/Tin(IV)_chloride" title="Tin(IV) chloride">tin(IV) chloride</a>; see also <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">spiritus fumans</i></span>, another chloride of tin.</li> <li>Oil of tartar – concentrated <a href="/wiki/Potassium_carbonate" title="Potassium carbonate">potassium carbonate</a>, K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> solution</li> <li>Oil of tartar per deliquium – potassium carbonate dissolved in the water which its extracts from the air.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_of_vitriol" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil of vitriol">Oil of vitriol</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_vitriol" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit of vitriol">spirit of vitriol</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a>, a weak version can be formed by heating green vitriol and blue vitriol. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_box&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spirit of box (page does not exist)">Spirit of box</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pyroxylic_spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyroxylic spirit">pyroxylic spirit</a> – <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a>, CH<sub>3</sub>OH, distilled wood alcohol.</li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spiritus_fumans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spiritus fumans (page does not exist)">Spiritus fumans</a></i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Stannic_chloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Stannic chloride">stannic chloride</a>, formed by distilling tin with corrosive sublimate.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_hartshorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit of hartshorn">Spirit of hartshorn</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a>, formed by the decomposition of <a href="/wiki/Sal-ammoniac" class="mw-redirect" title="Sal-ammoniac">sal-ammoniac</a> by <a href="/wiki/Unslaked_lime" class="mw-redirect" title="Unslaked lime">unslaked lime</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit of salt">Spirit of salt</a>/<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acidum_salis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acidum salis (page does not exist)">acidum salis</a></i></span> – the liquid form of <a href="/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid">hydrochloric acid</a> (also called muriatic acid), formed by mixing <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">common salt</a> with oil of vitriol. <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_acid_air" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine acid air">Marine acid air</a> – gaseous form of <a href="/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid">hydrochloric acid</a>.</li></ul></dd></dl></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Others">Others</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_alchemical_substances&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkahest" title="Alkahest">Alkahest</a> – universal solvent.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azoth" title="Azoth">Azoth</a> – initially this referred to a supposed universal solvent but later became another name for <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">Bitumen</a> – highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blende_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Blende (disambiguation)">Blende</a></li> <li>Brimstone – <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flowers_of_sulfur" title="Flowers of sulfur">Flowers of sulfur</a> – formed by distilling sulfur.</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caustic_potash" class="mw-redirect" title="Caustic potash">Caustic potash</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Caustic_wood_alkali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caustic wood alkali (page does not exist)">caustic wood alkali</a> – <a href="/wiki/Potassium_hydroxide" title="Potassium hydroxide">potassium hydroxide</a>, formed by adding lime to potash.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caustic_Soda" class="mw-redirect" title="Caustic Soda">Caustic Soda</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Caustic_marine_alkali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caustic marine alkali (page does not exist)">caustic marine alkali</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">sodium hydroxide</a>, NaOH, formed by adding lime to natron.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caustic_volatile_alkali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caustic volatile alkali (page does not exist)">Caustic volatile alkali</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_hydroxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Ammonium hydroxide">ammonium hydroxide</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrosive_sublimate" class="mw-redirect" title="Corrosive sublimate">Corrosive sublimate</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mercuric_chloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercuric chloride">mercuric chloride</a>, formed by subliming mercury, calcined green vitriol, common salt, and nitre.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gum_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Gum Arabic">Gum Arabic</a> – gum from the <a href="/wiki/Acacia_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Acacia tree">acacia tree</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_of_sulfur" title="Liver of sulfur">Liver of sulfur</a> – formed by fusing<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> potash and sulfur.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_caustic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar caustic">Lunar caustic</a>/<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapis_infernalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapis infernalis (page does not exist)">lapis infernalis</a></i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Silver_nitrate" title="Silver nitrate">silver nitrate</a>, formed by dissolving <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> in aqua fortis and evaporating.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lye" title="Lye">Lye</a> – potash in a water solution, formed by leaching wood ashes.</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potash" title="Potash">Potash</a> – <a href="/wiki/Potassium_carbonate" title="Potassium carbonate">potassium carbonate</a>, formed by evaporating lye; also called <a href="/wiki/Salt_of_tartar" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt of tartar">salt of tartar</a>. K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearlash" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearlash">Pearlash</a> – formed by baking potash in a kiln.</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milk_of_sulfur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milk of sulfur (page does not exist)">Milk of sulfur</a> (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lac sulphuris</i></span>) – formed by adding an acid to thion hudor (<a href="/wiki/Lime_sulfur" title="Lime sulfur">lime sulfur</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natron" title="Natron">Natron</a>/<a href="/wiki/Soda_ash" class="mw-redirect" title="Soda ash">soda ash</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">soda</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</a>. Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrum_flammans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrum flammans (page does not exist)">Nitrum flammans</a></i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_nitrate" title="Ammonium nitrate">ammonium nitrate</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_of_lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar of lead">Sugar of lead</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lead(II)_acetate" title="Lead(II) acetate">lead(II) acetate</a>, formed by dissolving lead oxide in vinegar.</li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thion_hudor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thion hudor (page does not exist)">Thion hudor</a></i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Lime_sulfur" title="Lime sulfur">lime sulfur</a>, formed by boiling flowers of sulfur with slaked lime.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_alchemical_substances&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemical_symbol" title="Alchemical symbol">Alchemical symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alchemists" title="List of alchemists">List of alchemists</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_alchemical_substances&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/vitriol">"Vitriol | chemical compound | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. 18 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Vitriol+%26%23124%3B+chemical+compound+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft.date=2023-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fvitriol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+alchemical+substances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2014" class="citation book cs1">Gray, Theodore (2014). <i>Molecules</i>. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. pp. <span class="nowrap">27–</span>31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60376-396-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60376-396-7"><bdi>978-1-60376-396-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Molecules&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E27-%3C%2Fspan%3E31&rft.pub=Black+Dog+%26+Leventhal+Publishers&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-60376-396-7&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+alchemical+substances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_alchemical_substances&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Eklund, Jon (1975). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemteam.info/Chem-History/Obsolete-Chem-TermsTOC.html">The Incompleat Chymist: Being an Essay on the Eighteenth-Century Chemist in His Laboratory, with a Dictionary of Obsolete Chemical Terms of the Period</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Studies_in_History_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology">Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology</a>, Number 33). Smithsonian Institution Press.</li> <li>Giunta, Carmen. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/archema.html">Glossary of Archaic Chemical Terms: Introduction and Part I (A-B)</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/index.html">Classic Chemistry</a>.</li> <li>Giunta, Carmen. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/nomenclature.html">A Dictionary of the New Chymical Nomenclature</a></i>. Classic Chemistry. Based on <a href="/wiki/Louis-Bernard_Guyton_de_Morveau" title="Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau">Guyton de Morveau, Louis Bernard</a>; <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Lavoisier, Antoine</a>; <a href="/wiki/Claude_Louis_Berthollet" title="Claude Louis Berthollet">Bertholet, Claude-Louis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Fourcroy" title="Antoine-François de Fourcroy">Fourcroy, Antoine-François de</a> (1788) [1787]. <i>Method of chymical nomenclature, proposed by Messrs. de Morveau, Lavoisier, Bertholet, and de Fourcroy: To which is added A new system of chymical characters adapted to the nomenclature by Mess. Hassenfratz and Adet</i>. Translated by St. John, James. pp. 105-176.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alchemy" title="Template:Alchemy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alchemy" title="Template talk:Alchemy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alchemy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alchemy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alchemy_(general)226" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy (general)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_alchemists" title="List of alchemists">Alchemists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greco-Egyptian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agathodaemon_(alchemist)" title="Agathodaemon (alchemist)">Agathodaemon (legendary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chymes" title="Chymes">Chymes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_the_Alchemist" title="Cleopatra the Alchemist">pseudo-Cleopatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Democritus" title="Pseudo-Democritus">pseudo-Democritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus (legendary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_the_Jewess" title="Mary the Jewess">Mary the Jewess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_of_Alexandria" title="Moses of Alexandria">pseudo-Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostanes" title="Ostanes">Ostanes (legendary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutia_the_Virgin" title="Paphnutia the Virgin">Paphnutia the Virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosimos_of_Panopolis" title="Zosimos of Panopolis">Zosimos of Panopolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_alchemy" title="Chinese alchemy">Ancient Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fang_(alchemist)" title="Fang (alchemist)">Fang (alchemist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge_Hong" title="Ge Hong">Ge Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Geng" title="Master Geng">Master Geng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Boyang" title="Wei Boyang">Wei Boyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Byzantine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympiodorus_the_Younger" title="Olympiodorus the Younger">pseudo-Olympiodorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanus_of_Alexandria" title="Stephanus of Alexandria">Stephanus of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synesius" title="Synesius">Synesius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alchemy_and_chemistry_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Alchemy and chemistry in the medieval Islamic world">Arabic-Islamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Razi" title="Abu Bakr al-Razi">Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (Rhazes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphidius" title="Alphidius">Alphidius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirr_al-khaliqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirr al-khaliqa">pseudo-Apollonius of Tyana (Balīnūs/Balīnās)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artephius" title="Artephius">Artephius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">pseudo-Avicenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arfa%27_Ra%27s" title="Ibn Arfa' Ra's">Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Umayl" title="Ibn Umayl">Ibn Umayl (Senior Zadith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Wahshiyya" title="Ibn Wahshiyya">Ibn Waḥshiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Simawi" title="Al-Simawi">al-ʿIrāqī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan">Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (Geber)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_Yazid" title="Khalid ibn Yazid">pseudo-Khālid ibn Yazīd (Calid)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jildaki" title="Al-Jildaki">al-Jildakī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picatrix" title="Picatrix">Maslama al-Qurṭubī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tughrai" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tughrai">al-Ṭughrāʾī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahrawi" title="Al-Zahrawi">al-Zahrāwī (Abulcasis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Albertus" title="Pseudo-Albertus">pseudo-Albertus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaldus_de_Villa_Nova" title="Arnaldus de Villa Nova">(pseudo-)Arnaldus de Villa Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Geber" title="Pseudo-Geber">pseudo-Geber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ripley_(alchemist)" title="George Ripley (alchemist)">George Ripley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_di_Montanor" title="Guido di Montanor">Guido di Montanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Evesham" title="Hugh of Evesham">Hugh of Evesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_of_Laz" title="Johann of Laz">Johann of Laz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dastin" title="John Dastin">John Dastin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Roquetaillade" title="Jean de Roquetaillade">John of Rupescissa (Jean de Roquetaillade)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magister_Salernus" title="Magister Salernus">Magister Salernus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scot" title="Michael Scot">pseudo-Michael Scot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortolanus" title="Ortolanus">Ortolanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Taranto" title="Paul of Taranto">Paul of Taranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Bonus" title="Petrus Bonus">Petrus Bonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">pseudo-Ramon Llull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">(pseudo-)Roger Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taddeo_Alderotti" title="Taddeo Alderotti">Taddeo Alderotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Norton_(alchemist)" title="Thomas Norton (alchemist)">Thomas Norton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Libavius" title="Andreas Libavius">Andreas Libavius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Valentine" title="Basil Valentine">Basil Valentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Trevisan" title="Bernard Trevisan">pseudo-Bernard of Treviso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Starkey" title="George Starkey">George Starkey (Eirenaeus Philalethes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Dorn" title="Gerhard Dorn">Gerhard Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Mercurio_da_Correggio" title="Giovanni Mercurio da Correggio">Giovanni da Correggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Khunrath" title="Heinrich Khunrath">Heinrich Khunrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennig_Brand" title="Hennig Brand">Hennig Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme" title="Jakob Böhme">Jakob Böhme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont" title="Jan Baptist van Helmont">Jan Baptist van Helmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Rudolf_Glauber" title="Johann Rudolf Glauber">Johann Rudolf Glauber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dee" title="John Dee">John Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Maier" title="Michael Maier">Michael Maier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sendivogius" title="Michael Sendivogius">Michael Sendivogius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus">Paracelsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Jean_Fabre" title="Pierre-Jean Fabre">Pierre-Jean Fabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Norton_(alchemist)" title="Samuel Norton (alchemist)">Samuel Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Vaughan_(philosopher)" title="Thomas Vaughan (philosopher)">Thomas Vaughan (Eugenius Philalethes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Homberg" title="Wilhelm Homberg">Wilhelm Homberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung#Alchemy" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Canseliet" title="Eugène Canseliet">Eugène Canseliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frater_Albertus" title="Frater Albertus">Frater Albertus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulcanelli" title="Fulcanelli">Fulcanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_Atwood" title="Mary Anne Atwood">Mary Anne Atwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Alchemical_documents" title="Category:Alchemical documents">Writings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atalanta_Fugiens" title="Atalanta Fugiens">Atalanta fugiens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aurora_consurgens" title="Aurora consurgens">Aurora consurgens</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liber_de_compositione_alchemiae" title="Liber de compositione alchemiae"><i>Liber de compositione alchemiae</i> (<i>Morienus</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Silvery_Water_and_the_Starry_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of the Silvery Water and the Starry Earth">Book of the Silvery Water and the Starry Earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Mercy_(alchemical_treatise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Mercy (alchemical treatise)">Book of Mercy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Balances" class="mw-redirect" title="Books of the Balances">Books of the Balances</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buch_der_heiligen_Dreifaltigkeit" title="Buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit">Buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cantong_qi" title="Cantong qi">Cantong Qi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chymical_Wedding_of_Christian_Rosenkreutz" title="Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz">Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavis_sapientiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Clavis sapientiae"><i>Clavis sapientiae</i> (<i>Miftāḥ al-ḥikma</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_consideratione_quintae_essentiae" class="mw-redirect" title="De consideratione quintae essentiae">De consideratione quintae essentiae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Tablet" title="Emerald Tablet"><i>Emerald Tablet</i> (<i>Tabula Smaragdina</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leyden_papyrus_X" title="Leyden papyrus X">Leyden papyrus X</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liber_Hermetis_de_alchemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Hermetis de alchemia"><i>Liber Hermetis de alchemia</i> (<i>Liber dabessi</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Ignium" title="Liber Ignium">Liber ignium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_lucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber lucis">Liber lucis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mappae_clavicula" title="Mappae clavicula">Mappae clavicula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mirror_of_Alchimy" title="The Mirror of Alchimy">Mirror of Alchimy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mutus_Liber" title="Mutus Liber">Mutus liber</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nabataean_Agriculture" title="The Nabataean Agriculture">Nabataean Agriculture</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Norton_(alchemist)" title="Thomas Norton (alchemist)">Ordinal of Alchemy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Graecus_Holmiensis" title="Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis">Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Physika_kai_mystika" class="mw-redirect" title="Physika kai mystika">Physika kai mystika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosary_of_the_Philosophers" title="Rosary of the Philosophers">Rosary of the Philosophers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutbat_al-hakim" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutbat al-hakim"><i>Rutbat al-ḥakīm</i> (<i>Step of the Sage</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seventy_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventy Books">Seventy Books</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirr_al-khaliqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirr al-khaliqa"><i>Sirr al-khalīqa</i> (<i>Secret of Creation</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretum_Secretorum" title="Secretum Secretorum"><i>Sirr al-asrār</i> (pseudo-Aristotle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirr_al-asrar_(al-Razi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirr al-asrar (al-Razi)"><i>Sirr al-asrār</i> (al-Rāzī)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Splendor_Solis" title="Splendor Solis">Splendor solis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summa_perfectionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Summa perfectionis">Summa perfectionis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suspicions_about_the_Hidden_Realities_of_the_Air" title="Suspicions about the Hidden Realities of the Air">Suspicions about the Hidden Realities of the Air</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turba_Philosophorum" title="Turba Philosophorum">Turba philosophorum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Twelve_Keys_of_Basil_Valentine" title="The Twelve Keys of Basil Valentine">Twelve Keys of Basil Valentine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Salomon_Trismosin#Aureum_Vellus" title="Salomon Trismosin">Aureum vellus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Chemica_Curiosa" title="Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa">Bibliotheca chemica curiosa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Alchemia" title="De Alchemia">De alchemia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Theatrum_Chemicum" title="Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum">Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus_Chemicus" title="Fasciculus Chemicus">Fasciculus chemicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musaeum_Hermeticum" title="Musaeum Hermeticum">Musaeum Hermeticum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theatrum_Chemicum" title="Theatrum Chemicum">Theatrum chemicum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theatrum_Chemicum_Britannicum" title="Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum">Theatrum chemicum Britannicum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tripus_Aureus" title="Tripus Aureus">Tripus aureus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Various</th><td 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href="/wiki/Magnum_opus_(alchemy)" title="Magnum opus (alchemy)">Magnum opus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pill_of_Immortality" title="Pill of Immortality">Pill of Immortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosopher%27s_stone" title="Philosopher's stone">Philosophers' stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prima_materia" title="Prima materia">Prima materia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebis" title="Rebis">Rebis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spagyric" class="mw-redirect" title="Spagyric">Spagyric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takwin" title="Takwin">Takwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yliaster" title="Yliaster">Yliaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alchemical_processes" title="Category:Alchemical processes">Processes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Substances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchemical_symbol" title="Alchemical symbol">Symbols</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alchemical_Symbols_(Unicode_block)" title="Alchemical 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