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</div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Multiplex (television)</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Multiplex_(television)" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Multiplex_(television)" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Multiplex+%28television%29" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplex_(television)&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>A <b>multiplex</b> or <b>mux</b>, also known as a <b>bouquet</b>, is a grouping of program services as interleaved data packets for broadcast over a network or modulated multiplexed medium, particularly terrestrial broadcasting. The program services are broadcast as part of one transmission and split out at the receiving end. </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DVB-T_(4350062930).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Electronics equipment, light gray in color, taking up two racks in a utility room." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/DVB-T_%284350062930%29.jpg/220px-DVB-T_%284350062930%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/DVB-T_%284350062930%29.jpg/330px-DVB-T_%284350062930%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/DVB-T_%284350062930%29.jpg/440px-DVB-T_%284350062930%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2252" data-file-height="3553"></a><figcaption>A digital terrestrial television transmitter in Switzerland, broadcasting five TV services on <a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a> channel 32 (shot 2010; it has since been decommissioned due to <a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television#Switzerland" title="Digital terrestrial television">the 2019 terrestrial television switch-off</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>The conversion from analog to digital television made it possible to transmit more than one video service, in addition to audio and data, within a fixed space previously used to transmit one analog TV service (varying between six and eight <a href="/wiki/Megahertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Megahertz">megahertz</a> depending on the system used and bandplan). The capacity of a multiplex depends on several factors, including the video resolution and broadcast quality, compression method, bitrate permitted by the transmission standard, and allocated bandwidth; <a href="/wiki/Statistical_time-division_multiplexing" title="Statistical time-division multiplexing">statistical time-division multiplexing</a> is often used to dynamically allocate bandwidth in accordance with the needs of each individual service. Each service in a multiplex has a separate <a href="/wiki/Virtual_channel" title="Virtual channel">virtual channel</a> (also known as a logical channel number) for identification and tuning. Depending on the country, a multiplex may be controlled by one broadcaster offering multiple subchannels or may feature services from multiple broadcasters with separate licenses. </p><p>Multiplexing has made it possible for many new free-to-air television services to be introduced, some of them expressly designed for carriage as additional channels. In the United States, such services are called <a href="/wiki/Digital_multicast_television_network" title="Digital multicast television network">digital multicast television networks</a> or diginets. The term is also used in an otherwise unrelated sense to refer to additional channels offered by premium pay television services, such as <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a>, similar to <a href="/wiki/Multiplex_(movie_theater)" title="Multiplex (movie theater)">its meaning with regard to movie theaters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Tuning"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Tuning</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#New_services"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">New services</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Multiplexing_by_country"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Multiplexing by country</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Australia"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Australia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Brazil"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Brazil</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Canada"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Canada</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Mexico"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Mexico</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Spain"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Spain</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#United_States"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Tuning">Tuning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplex_(television)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tuning" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Virtual_channel" title="Virtual channel">Virtual channel</a></div> <p>Depending on the type of transmission system, individual services are either numbered with whole numbers (e.g. 36) or a two-part channel number (e.g. 20.1) consisting of a major and minor channel number. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="New_services">New services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplex_(television)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: New services" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Digital_multicast_television_network" title="Digital multicast television network">Digital multicast television network</a></div> <p>The digital conversion in countries where broadcasters retained control of their entire multiplex after switchover permitted broadcasters to introduce new supplemental and ancillary services, many of them national in scope. In Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-survey_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-survey-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mexico,<sup id="cite_ref-reg_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> new TV channels were introduced with national coverage.<sup id="cite_ref-SMH181207_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMH181207-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The licensing of such additional services varies according to national broadcasting regulations. In the United States, a <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_license" title="Broadcast license">broadcast license</a> covers the full 6 MHz channel and any services broadcast within it. The United Kingdom frequency plan includes three "universal" multiplexes for the national public service broadcasters and three commercial multiplexes broadcast from a total of 80 transmitter sites.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/ISDB-T" class="mw-redirect" title="ISDB-T">ISDB-T</a> specification includes <a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a>, a mobile media and data broadcasting service utilizing a portion of the spectrum in each multiplex. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Multiplexing_by_country">Multiplexing by country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplex_(television)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Multiplexing by country" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplex_(television)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Australia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/Digital_multicast_television_network" title="Digital multicast television network">Digital multicast television network</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital_multicast_television_network&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital_multicast_television_network&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <p>The first multichannel broadcast in Australia was <a href="/wiki/ABC_Kids_(Australia)" title="ABC Kids (Australia)">ABC Kids</a>, which broadcast from 2001 to 2003; in the succeeding years, the country's commercial broadcasters also launched secondary services to compete against DVDs and online piracy.<sup id="cite_ref-SMH181207_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMH181207-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, their ability to do so was hampered at first by a ban on adding channels, with a focus on such services as datacasting and high-definition. It was not until 2009 that commercial broadcasters were allowed to add multichannels; in that year, the three major networks all did so, bringing the number of channels they offered from three to eleven.<sup id="cite_ref-MIA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original commercial multichannels were generalist in nature, which made it difficult for advertisers to target specific demographics and therefore made them less lucrative. The shift to specifically targeted services and their reliance on existing programming has allowed these channels to survive despite drawing comparatively low shares of the audience: in 2018, <a href="/wiki/7mate" title="7mate">7mate</a> led the group with an audience share of 4.1 percent among metropolitan audiences.<sup id="cite_ref-SMH181207_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMH181207-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, after the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Communications_and_Media_Authority" title="Australian Communications and Media Authority">Australian Communications and Media Authority</a> permitted the commercial broadcasters to move required children's programming and national drama commitments to their multichannels, ratings and visibility fell precipitously; by 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a> had more viewers for its children's channels than the commercial broadcasters combined.<sup id="cite_ref-MIA_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commercial broadcasters also became more reliant on news, sport, and reality competitions on their main channels.<sup id="cite_ref-MIA_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each of the five major broadcasters offers its own suite of multichannels:<sup id="cite_ref-survey_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-survey-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_TV_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="ABC TV (Australian TV channel)">ABC</a>: <a href="/wiki/ABC_Kids_(Australia)" title="ABC Kids (Australia)">ABC Kids</a>, <a href="/wiki/ABC_Me" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Me">ABC Me</a>, <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="ABC News (Australian TV channel)">ABC News</a>, <a href="/wiki/ABC_TV_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC TV Plus">ABC TV Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="SBS (Australian TV channel)">SBS</a>: <a href="/wiki/SBS_Food" title="SBS Food">SBS Food</a>, <a href="/wiki/SBS_Viceland" title="SBS Viceland">SBS Viceland</a>, <a href="/wiki/SBS_World_Movies" title="SBS World Movies">SBS World Movies</a>, <a href="/wiki/SBS_WorldWatch" title="SBS WorldWatch">SBS WorldWatch</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Indigenous_Television" title="National Indigenous Television">National Indigenous Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Network" title="Seven Network">Seven Network</a>: <a href="/wiki/7Two" class="mw-redirect" title="7Two">7Two</a>, <a href="/wiki/7mate" title="7mate">7mate</a>, <a href="/wiki/7flix" title="7flix">7flix</a>, <a href="/wiki/7Bravo" title="7Bravo">7Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Network" title="Nine Network">Nine Network</a>: <a href="/wiki/9Go!" title="9Go!">9Go!</a>, <a href="/wiki/9Gem" title="9Gem">9Gem</a>, <a href="/wiki/9Life" title="9Life">9Life</a>, <a href="/wiki/9Rush" title="9Rush">9Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_10" title="Network 10">Network 10</a>: <a href="/wiki/10_Bold" class="mw-redirect" title="10 Bold">10 Bold</a>, <a href="/wiki/10_Peach" class="mw-redirect" title="10 Peach">10 Peach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Australian TV channel)">Nickelodeon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplex_(television)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Brazil" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In 2009, the Brazilian government ruled that only federally-owned television channels—namely <a href="/wiki/TV_Brasil" title="TV Brasil">TV Brasil</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV_Senado" title="TV Senado">TV Senado</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV_C%C3%A2mara" title="TV Câmara">TV Câmara</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV_Justi%C3%A7a" title="TV Justiça">TV Justiça</a>, and <a href="/wiki/TV_Globo" title="TV Globo">TV Globo</a>—could offer multiple channels of programming. The decision was made, per an advisor to the Brazilian communications ministry, to prevent the leasing of channels to broadcast <a href="/wiki/Infomercial" title="Infomercial">infomercials</a> and church services. The effect of the decision was to bar new entrants without their own stations from increasing commercial competition.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil</a>, educational and commercial broadcasters were allowed to introduce subchannels, primarily to carry educational programming, which was extended first to April 2022 and then December 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplex_(television)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Canada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Radio-television_and_Telecommunications_Commission" title="Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission">Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission</a> (CRTC) requires stations to file licence amendments in order to be considered for permission to carry digital subchannels. On August 17, 2012, the CRTC gave approval to <a href="/wiki/Leamington,_Ontario" title="Leamington, Ontario">Leamington, Ontario</a>, community station <a href="/wiki/CFTV-DT" title="CFTV-DT">CFTV-TV</a> to broadcast four local subchannels on its digital signal, making it the first station in Canada to launch original content on its multiplex channels.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplex_(television)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mexico" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Digital_multicast_television_network#Mexico" title="Digital multicast television network">Digital multicast television network § Mexico</a></div> <p>In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Telecommunications_Institute" title="Federal Telecommunications Institute">Federal Telecommunications Institute</a> (IFT) formally authorized broadcasters to apply for permission to add subchannels.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, the IFT began assigning virtual channels to stations based on their programming, grouping transmitters of the same national network.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplex_(television)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Spain" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In 2010, multiplex licensees in Spain were permitted to add two new channels to their services. The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Spain" title="Supreme Court of Spain">Supreme Court of Spain</a> ruled in December 2012 to void this action, stating that the move was illegal as it did not award the channels by way of a public bidding process.<sup id="cite_ref-supremo_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supremo-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, a total of nine channels closed down on May 6, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplex_(television)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: United States" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Digital_multicast_television_network" title="Digital multicast television network">Digital multicast television network</a></div> <p>Commercial and non-commercial broadcasters began experimenting with additional subchannels over the course of the 2000s. After the digital television transition in 2009, a new crop of national services, known as <a href="/wiki/Digital_multicast_television_network" title="Digital multicast television network">digital multicast television networks</a> or diginets, began to emerge, taking advantage of the additional capacity available on many converted stations. Diginets affiliate with individual stations in each market and are generally genre-specific in their programming. Diginets have continued to grow as more advanced encoders enable stations to add additional, income-generating ancillary services. Subchannels have also been used in smaller "short markets" with few full-power stations to provide in-market affiliates of additional major networks; by 2011, <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a> had 35 such subchannel affiliates.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Multiplexing is also used in <a href="/wiki/ATSC_3.0" title="ATSC 3.0">ATSC 3.0</a> (NextGen TV) rollout plans. To allow multiple stations to begin 3.0 broadcasting without loss of ATSC 3.0 service, one station will typically become a "lighthouse", airing the main channels of several participating stations, while the lighthouse station's channels are broadcast in ATSC 1.0 format on the multiplexes of the other participating stations.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplex_(television)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_subchannel" title="Digital subchannel">Digital subchannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_television_deployments_by_country" title="List of digital television deployments by country">List of digital television deployments by country</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplex_(television)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDempsey1998" class="citation news cs1">Dempsey, John (1998-04-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/1998/tv/news/hbo-cinemax-find-increased-plex-drive-1117469538/">"HBO, Cinemax find increased plex drive"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=HBO%2C+Cinemax+find+increased+plex+drive&rft.date=1998-04-07&rft.aulast=Dempsey&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F1998%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Fhbo-cinemax-find-increased-plex-drive-1117469538%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiplex+%28television%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-survey-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-survey_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-survey_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnox2022" class="citation news cs1">Knox, David (2022-12-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvtonight.com.au/2022/12/multichannel-survey-2022-7two-7mate-7flix.html">"Multichannel Survey 2022: 7TWO / 7mate / 7flix"</a>. <i>TV Tonight</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TVTechnology&rft.atitle=Here%27s+the+Skinny+on+ATSC+3.0%3A+Broadcast%27s+NextGen+TV+Standard&rft.date=2020-03-10&rft.aulast=Butts&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvtechnology.com%2Fresources%2Fatsc-30-the-skinny-on-nextgen-tv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiplex+%28television%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiplex_(television)&oldid=1219415004">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiplex_(television)&oldid=1219415004</a>"</div></div> 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