CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Uvo — Википедија</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )srwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"hh:mm d. month y.","wgMonthNames":["","januar","februar","mart","april","maj","jun","jul","avgust","septembar","oktobar","novembar","decembar"],"wgRequestId":"1f495248-a547-4c22-9d27-92998d3a5b0d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Уво","wgTitle":"Уво","wgCurRevisionId":28439903,"wgRevisionId":28439903,"wgArticleId":75664,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Cite journal","Harv and Sfn no-target errors","Cite book","Anatomy infobox template using unsupported parameters","Чланци са шаблонима хутнота који циљају непостојећу страницу","Чланци који садрже текст на језику — латински","Шаблон:Умањено","Чланци са BNF идентификаторима","Чланци са BNFdata идентификаторима", "Чланци са GND идентификаторима","Чланци са J9U идентификаторима","Чланци са LCCN идентификаторима","Чланци са NDL идентификаторима","Чланци са NKC идентификаторима","Чланци са TA98 идентификаторима","Уво","Глава и врат"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"sr-el","wgPageContentLanguage":"sr-el","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Уво","wgRelevantArticleId":75664,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgUserVariant":"sr-el","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"sr","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"sr"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist": true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7362","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.24"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles": "ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"});mw.user.options.set({"language":"sr-el","variant":"sr-el"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sr-el&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=sr-el&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sr-el&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Uvo — Википедија"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//sr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Uredi" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Википедија (sr)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//sr.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/sr-el/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sr" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sr-Cyrl" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/sr-ec/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sr-Latn" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/sr-el/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sr"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Википедија – Atom fid" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Уво rootpage-Уво skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pređi na sadržaj</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Glavni meni" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Glavni meni</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Glavni meni</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pomeri na stranu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Posetite glavnu stranu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Glavna strana</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Vodiči za pregledanje Vikipedije"><span>Sadržaj</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Spisak skorašnjih izmena na projektu [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Skorašnje izmene</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Posetite nasumičnu stranicu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slučajna stranica</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Pronađite informacije o aktuelnostima"><span>Aktuelnosti</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Википедија:Контакт" title="Saznajte kako da stupite u kontakt s urednicima"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Interakcija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%9B:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Mesto gde možete da se informišete"><span>Pomoć</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8"><span>Научите да уређујете</span></a></li><li id="n-sidebar-village-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B3"><span>Trg</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="O projektu, šta možete da radite i gde da pronađete stvari"><span>Radionica</span></a></li><li id="n-noticeboard" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0"><span>Огласна табла</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5"><span>Otpremi datoteku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википедија" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-sr.svg" style="width: 7.8125em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sr.svg" width="120" height="11" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Pretražite projekat Википедија [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pretraga</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Pretražite Vikipediju" aria-label="Pretražite Vikipediju" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Pretražite projekat Википедија [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Посебно:Претражи"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Pretraži</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Lične alatke"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=sr.wikipedia.org&uselang=sr-el" class=""><span>Donacije</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3&returnto=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&returntoquery=variant%3Dsr-el" title="Iako nije obavezno, preporučujemo da otvorite nalog i prijavite se" class=""><span>Otvori nalog</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&returntoquery=variant%3Dsr-el" title="Iako nije obavezno, preporučujemo da se prijavite [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijavi me</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Više opcija" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lične alatke" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lične alatke</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Korisnički meni" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=sr.wikipedia.org&uselang=sr-el"><span>Donacije</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3&returnto=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&returntoquery=variant%3Dsr-el" title="Iako nije obavezno, preporučujemo da otvorite nalog i prijavite se"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Otvori nalog</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&returntoquery=variant%3Dsr-el" title="Iako nije obavezno, preporučujemo da se prijavite [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Prijavi me</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eodbaci\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"sr\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EПрикључите се гласању на тему \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5,_%D1%81%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5\" title=\"Википедија:Гласање/Редизајн страница за добре, сјајне и изабране спискове\"\u003Eредизајна страница за добре, сјајне и ИС\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EПокренут је \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_2024.\" title=\"Википедија:Уређивачки маратон Вики воли споменике 2024.\"\u003EУређивачки маратон Вики воли споменике 2024\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EУ току је такмичење у писању чланака на тему \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9A%D1%83_%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%A3_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5\" title=\"Википедија:Такмичење у писању чланака/У свету Флоре и Фауне\"\u003EФлоре и фауне\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EПридружите се \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%98%D0%B0_2024.\" title=\"Википедија:Уређивачки маратон Вики воли јавну уметност и гробна обележја 2024.\"\u003EУређивачком маратону Вики воли јавну уметност и гробна обележја 2024\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EУчествујте у \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://sr.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0_SheSaid_2024\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"q:Викицитат:Кампања SheSaid 2024\"\u003Eкампањи писања цитата значајних жена\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E на Викицитату.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EПридружите се \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0\" title=\"Википедија:Акција проширивања клица\"\u003Eакцији проширивања клица\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pomeri na stranu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Централни_и_периферни_делови_система_слуха_и_равнотеже" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Централни_и_периферни_делови_система_слуха_и_равнотеже"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Centralni i periferni delovi sistema sluha i ravnoteže</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Централни_и_периферни_делови_система_слуха_и_равнотеже-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Уво_као_периферни_орган_чула_слуха" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Уво_као_периферни_орган_чула_слуха"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uvo kao periferni organ čula sluha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Уво_као_периферни_орган_чула_слуха-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Грађа_ува" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Грађа_ува"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Građa uva</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Грађа_ува-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Građa uva subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Грађа_ува-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Спољашње_уво" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Спољашње_уво"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Spoljašnje uvo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Спољашње_уво-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ушна_шкољка" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ушна_шкољка"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Ušna školjka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ушна_шкољка-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Спољашњи_ушни_канал" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Спољашњи_ушни_канал"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Spoljašnji ušni kanal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Спољашњи_ушни_канал-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Бубна_опна" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Бубна_опна"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Bubna opna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Бубна_опна-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Средње_уво" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Средње_уво"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Srednje uvo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Средње_уво-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Бубна_дупља" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Бубна_дупља"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Bubna duplja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Бубна_дупља-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Слушне_кошчице" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Слушне_кошчице"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.1</span> <span>Slušne koščice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Слушне_кошчице-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Еустахијева_слушна_труба" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Еустахијева_слушна_труба"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Eustahijeva slušna truba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Еустахијева_слушна_труба-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Унутрашње_уво" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Унутрашње_уво"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Unutrašnje uvo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Унутрашње_уво-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Пуж" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Пуж"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Puž</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Пуж-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Трем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Трем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Trem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Трем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Коштани_полукружни_канали" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Коштани_полукружни_канали"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Koštani polukružni kanali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Коштани_полукружни_канали-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Поремећаји_и_болести_уха" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Поремећаји_и_болести_уха"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Poremećaji i bolesti uha</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Поремећаји_и_болести_уха-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Poremećaji i bolesti uha subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Поремећаји_и_болести_уха-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Конгениталне_аномалије_спољног_ува" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Конгениталне_аномалије_спољног_ува"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Kongenitalne anomalije spoljnog uva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Конгениталне_аномалије_спољног_ува-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Болести_средњег_ува" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Болести_средњег_ува"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Bolesti srednjeg uva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Болести_средњег_ува-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Референце" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Референце"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Референце-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Литература" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Литература"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Литература-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Спољашње_везе" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Спољашње_везе"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Spoljašnje veze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Спољашње_везе-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Uvo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Članak na drugim jezicima. Dostupan na: 192" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-192" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">192 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oor" title="Oor — Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oor" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohr" title="Ohr — Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ohr" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%86%E1%88%AE" title="ጆሮ — Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጆሮ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%92are" title="Ēare — Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ēare" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कान — Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B0%D9%86" title="أذن — Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أذن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyiu" title="Oyiu — Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Oyiu" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%95%DC%A2%DC%90_(%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%A0%DC%A6%DC%A2_%DC%A8%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܐܕܢܐ (ܝܘܠܦܢ ܨܪܘܝܘܬܐ) — Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܕܢܐ (ܝܘܠܦܢ ܨܪܘܝܘܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureac%C4%BEi" title="Ureacľi — Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Ureacľi" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3_(%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%97)" title="কৰ্ণ (অংগ) — Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কৰ্ণ (অংগ)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oy%C3%ADu" title="Oyíu — Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oyíu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otokai" title="Otokai — Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Otokai" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apysa" title="Apysa — Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Apysa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="ГӀин — Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀин" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinchu" title="Jinchu — Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jinchu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qulaq" title="Qulaq — Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qulaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82" title="قولاق — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قولاق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulonga" title="Bulonga — Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Bulonga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telinga" title="Telinga — Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Telinga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telinga" title="Telinga — Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Telinga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuping" title="Kuping — Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kuping" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%85%D0%BE" title="Ухо — Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ухо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talinga" title="Talinga — Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Talinga" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%AB%E2%81%BF" title="Hīⁿ — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hīⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%A1" title="Ҡолаҡ — Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡолаҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Вуха — Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вуха" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Вуха — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вуха" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talinga" title="Talinga — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Talinga" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কান — Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohrwaschl" title="Ohrwaschl — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ohrwaschl" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uho" title="Uho — Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Uho" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skouarn" title="Skouarn — Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skouarn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Шэхэн — Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Шэхэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orella" title="Orella — Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orella" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzeve" title="Nzeve — Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nzeve" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arechja" title="Arechja — Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Arechja" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clust" title="Clust — Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Clust" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Хăлха — Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хăлха" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucho" title="Ucho — Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ucho" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibili" title="Tibili — Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Tibili" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98re" title="Øre — Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Øre" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohr" title="Ohr — German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ohr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ކަންފަތް — Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކަންފަތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B5rv" title="Kõrv — Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kõrv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%86%CF%84%CE%AF" title="Αφτί — Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αφτί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear" title="Ear — English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ear" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C3%ADdo" title="Oído — Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oído" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orelo" title="Orelo — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Orelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarri" title="Belarri — Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Belarri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B4" title="گوش — Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaan" title="Kaan — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kaan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyra" title="Oyra — Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Oyra" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oreille" title="Oreille — French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oreille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear_(lichemsdiel)" title="Ear (lichemsdiel) — Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ear (lichemsdiel)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluas" title="Cluas — Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cluas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaysh" title="Cleaysh — Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Cleaysh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluas" title="Cluas — Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cluas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C3%ADdo" title="Oído — Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Oído" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Лерг — Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Лерг" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B3%E5%88%80" title="耳刀 — Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="耳刀" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कान — Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="कान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="કાન — Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ot%C3%B3" title="Otó — Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Otó" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%AD" title="Ngí — Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngí" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чикин — Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Чикин" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%96%D7%9F" title="אוזן — Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוזן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कान — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uho" title="Uho — Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Uho" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BB" title="Ականջ — Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ականջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BB" title="Ականջ — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ականջ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orelo" title="Orelo — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Orelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nt%E1%BB%8B" title="Ntị — Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ntị" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapayag" title="Lapayag — Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Lapayag" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aure" title="Aure — Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Aure" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siun" title="Siun — Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Siun" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indlebe" title="Indlebe — Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Indlebe" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyra" title="Eyra — Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eyra" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orecchio" title="Orecchio — Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Orecchio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B3" title="耳 — Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="耳" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuping" title="Kuping — Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kuping" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C5%8Bgba%C5%8B%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Naŋgbaŋʊʊ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Naŋgbaŋʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ყური — Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყური" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balugbug" title="Balugbug — Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Balugbug" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Құлақ — Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Құлақ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skovarn" title="Skovarn — Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Skovarn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Кулак — Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кулак" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikio" title="Sikio — Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sikio" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕಿವಿ — Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಿವಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%80" title="귀 — Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="귀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%B2r%C3%A8y" title="Zòrèy — Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Zòrèy" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8E%D9%86" title="کَن — Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کَن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guh" title="Guh — Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Guh" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B8" title="ВичӀи — Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ВичӀи" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auris" title="Auris — Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Auris" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auss" title="Auss — Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Auss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouer" title="Ouer — Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ouer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausis" title="Ausis — Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ausis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oear" title="Oear — Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Oear" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lik%C3%BAtu" title="Likútu — Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Likútu" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orea" title="Orea — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Orea" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/kerlo" title="kerlo — Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="kerlo" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oreggia" title="Oreggia — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Oreggia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCl" title="Fül — Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fül" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Уво — Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Уво" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofina" title="Sofina — Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sofina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%AA" title="Ngê — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngê" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF" title="ചെവി — Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചെവി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Чих — Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чих" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कान — Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="နား — Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daliga" title="Daliga — Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Daliga" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कान — Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oor" title="Oor — Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oor" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our" title="Our — Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Our" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82" title="न्हाय्‌पं — Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="न्हाय्‌पं" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Лерг — Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лерг" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uar" title="Uar — Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Uar" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98re" title="Øre — Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Øre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98yre" title="Øyre — Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Øyre" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouothelle" title="Ouothelle — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Ouothelle" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurelha" title="Aurelha — Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aurelha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="କାନ — Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quloq" title="Quloq — Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Quloq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕੰਨ — Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੰਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layag" title="Layag — Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Layag" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanginga" title="Tanginga — Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Tanginga" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orija" title="Orija — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Orija" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oor_(Orgaan)" title="Oor (Orgaan) — Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Oor (Orgaan)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86" title="کن — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucho" title="Ucho — Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ucho" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orelha" title="Orelha — Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Orelha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A9%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD" title="Ωτίν — Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ωτίν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%DA%96" title="غوږ — Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="غوږ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureche" title="Ureche — Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ureche" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureglia" title="Ureglia — Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Ureglia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinri" title="Rinri — Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rinri" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%85%D0%BE" title="Ухо — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ухо" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%85%D0%BE" title="Ухо — Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ухо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%83" title="कर्णः — Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कर्णः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/tangila" title="tangila — Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="tangila" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ — Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lug" title="Lug — Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lug" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birac" title="Birac — Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Birac" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%86" title="ڪن — Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veshi" title="Veshi — Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Veshi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B1" title="කන — Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aricchia" title="Aricchia — Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Aricchia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear" title="Ear — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ear" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucho" title="Ucho — Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ucho" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uho" title="Uho — Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Uho" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dheg" title="Dheg — Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dheg" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8E" title="گوێ — Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گوێ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uho" title="Uho — Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Uho" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuli" title="Ceuli — Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ceuli" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korva" title="Korva — Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Korva" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96ra" title="Öra — Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Öra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF" title="செவி — Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செவி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tainga" title="Tainga — Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tainga" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Колак — Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Колак" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/papak" title="papak — Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="papak" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF" title="చెవి — Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చెవి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B9" title="หู — Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai" title="Tai — Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%AF%D1%88" title="Гӯш — Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гӯш" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2htovoo%27%C3%B4tse" title="Mâhtovoo'ôtse — Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Mâhtovoo'ôtse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕೆಬಿ — Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕೆಬಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulak" title="Kulak — Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kulak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aso" title="Aso — Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Aso" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fufwuo" title="Fufwuo — Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Fufwuo" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE" title="Вухо — Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вухо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کان — Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82" title="قۇلاق — Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قۇلاق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwz" title="Rwz — Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Rwz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9cia" title="Récia — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Récia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lil" title="Lil — Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lil" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B5rv" title="Kõrv — Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kõrv" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oraye" title="Oraye — Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Oraye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ache%27e" title="Ache'e — Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Ache'e" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talinga" title="Talinga — Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Talinga" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B3%E6%9C%B5" title="耳朵 — Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="耳朵" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98" title="ჸუჯი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჸუჯი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="אויער — Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אויער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%AD" title="Etí — Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Etí" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C5%9F" title="Goş — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Goş" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B3" title="耳 — Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="耳" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B3" title="耳 — Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="耳" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aus%C4%97s" title="Ausės — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ausės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ut%E1%BB%8Dn%CC%84" title="Utọn̄ — Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Utọn̄" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuping" title="Kuping — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kuping" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolingo" title="Tolingo — Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Tolingo" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pending" title="Pending — Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Pending" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuping" title="Cuping — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Cuping" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7362#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke veze" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Pročitajte ovaj članak [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Članak</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE" rel="discussion" title="Razgovarajte o stranici [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promeni varijantu jezika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Latinica</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="ca-variants-sr mw-list-item"><a href="/sr/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE" lang="sr" hreflang="sr"><span>Ћир./lat.</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-sr-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="/sr-ec/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE" lang="sr-Cyrl" hreflang="sr-Cyrl"><span>Ћирилица</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="selected ca-variants-sr-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/sr-el/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE" lang="sr-Latn" hreflang="sr-Latn"><span>Latinica</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=history" title="Istorija [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istorija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alatke" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alatke</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alatke</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pomeri na stranu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više opcija" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=history"><span>Istorija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Opšte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Spisak svih viki stranica koje vode ovamo [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Šta vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE" rel="nofollow" title="Skorašnje izmene stranica koje su povezane s ovom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane izmene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Википедија:Водич_за_отпремање" title="Postavite slike i snimke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Otpremi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Spisak svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&oldid=28439903" title="Trajna veza do ove izmene na ovoj stranici"><span>Trajna veza</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podaci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98&page=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&id=28439903&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%2Fsr-el%2F%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE"><span>Skraćena URL adresa</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%2Fsr-el%2F%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi u PDF-u</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Odštampajte ovu stranicu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Odštampaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ear" hreflang="en"><span>Vikiostava</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE" hreflang="sr"><span>Vikicitat</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7362" title="Veza ka stavci na spremištu podataka [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Vikipodacima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pomeri na stranu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">S Vikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28440203">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Nazivi i oznake</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004423">D004423</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NeuroLex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NeuroLex (stranica ne postoji)">NeuroLex</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uri.neuinfo.org/nif/nifstd/birnlex_1062">birnlex_1062</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/01.1.00.005%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A01.1.00.005</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/15.3.00.001%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A15.3.00.001</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=6861">6861</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fme.biostr.washington.edu/FME/index.jsp?fmaid=52780">52780</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Anatomska terminologija">Anatomska terminologija</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7362" class="extiw" title="d:Q7362">šablon na Vikipodacima</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Uvo</b> ili <b>uho</b> je periferni organ čula sluha i ravnoteže. Čulo sluha ne igra samo ulogu u komunikaciji već služi i kao sistem za upozorenje i orijentaciju. U unutrašnjem uvu smešten je <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Kortijev organ">Kortijev organ</a>, kao najvažniji deo organa čula sluha, jer pretvara zvučne talase koji iz spoljašnje sredine preko spoljašnjeg ušnog hodnika dospevaju do bubne opne i unutrašnjeg do ovog organa koji ih pretvara u nervne impulsa koji se dalje prenose kroz kohlearni nerv.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U unutrašnjem uvu smešten je i organ čula ravnoteže, koji informacije o promeni položaja glave i tela u prostoru takođe pretvara u nervne impulse, koje šalje vestibularnim nervom u centralne strukture. Vestibularni i kohlearni živac se ujedinjuju u vestibulokohlearni živac. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Tremno-pužni živac">Vestibulokohlearni nerv</a> je 8. moždani nerv. </p><p>Mnoge životinje imaju uši. Građa i položaj ušiju su različiti od vrste do vrste. Kod <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Insekti">insekata</a> uši su u vidu senzora, a neki gušteri (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Repati vodozemci">salamander</a>) čuju uz pomoć <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Grudni koš">grudnog koša</a> i <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%9B%D0%B0" title="Pluća">pluća</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Zmije">Zmije</a> ne poseduju <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Spoljašnje uvo">spoljašnje uvo</a>, ali je srednje i unutrašnje uvo dobro razvijeno. </p><p>Uši registruju zvučne (mehaničke) <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Talas (fizika)">talase</a> i pretvaraju ih u električne signale, koji se šalju u centralne strukture gde se ti signali „dešifruju“ i nastaje osećaj sluha. </p><p>Ljudsko uvo može registrovati zvučne talase <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Frekvencija">frekvencije</a> od 16<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> do 20.000 <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86" title="Herc">herca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U starosti je ovaj raspon manji zbog brojnih degenerativnih promena. Neke životinje kao npr. <a href="/wiki/Slon" title="Slon">slon</a> mogu da registruju dublje frekvencije, odnosno frekvencije u <a href="/wiki/Infrazvuk" title="Infrazvuk">infrazvuku</a>. Druge kao npr. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="Slepi miš">slepi miš</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delfin" title="Delfin">delfin</a> mogu registrovati znatno veće frekvencije nego čovek, odnosno frekvencije u <a href="/wiki/Ultrazvuk" title="Ultrazvuk">ultrazvuku</a>. </p><p>Uloga uva kao organa čula sluha nije samo da registruje zvučne talase, već i da ih lokalizuje (uloga u orijentaciji). Uvo može registrovati lokaciju odakle zvuk dolazi. Uvo koje je okrenuto izvoru zvuka registruje zvuk ranije od onog na suprotnoj strani, odnosno čuje ga glasnije. Ove razlike u čujnosti se prerađuju u mozgu i dobijaju se informacije o lokaciji sa koje dolazi zvuk. </p><p>Međutim za određivanje tačne lokacije zvuka čoveku nije dovoljno samo <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85" title="Sluh">čulo sluha</a>, već i <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Čulo vida">čulo vida</a>. </p><p>Kod drugih životinja, npr. slepih miševa i delfina, dovoljno je samo čulo sluha da bi tačno registrovali izvor zvuka. Oni u stvari vide zvukom. Ove životinje emituju ultrazvučne signale, koji se odbijaju od okolnih objekata. Odbijene signale registruju vrlo osetljivim čulom sluha. Na slušnom principu rade <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Sonar">sonari</a> i <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Radar">radari</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Централни_и_периферни_делови_система_слуха_и_равнотеже"><span id=".D0.A6.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B8_.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B0_.D1.81.D0.BB.D1.83.D1.85.D0.B0_.D0.B8_.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.B6.D0.B5"></span>Centralni i periferni delovi sistema sluha i ravnoteže</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredite odeljak „Centralni i periferni delovi sistema sluha i ravnoteže”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Centralni i periferni delovi sistema sluha i ravnoteže"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24414138">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Čulo sluha">Čulo sluha</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24414138"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čulo ravnoteže (stranica ne postoji)">Čulo ravnoteže</a></div> <p>Organi čula sluha i ravnoteže predstavljaju dosta složen sistem koji ima svoje periferne i centralne delove. </p><p>Periferni delovi slušnog sistema služe za prijem mehaničkih talasa i njihovo pretvaranje u nervne impulse. Periferni delovi vestibularnog sistema registruju promenu položaje tela u prostoru i ove opažaje takođe pretvaraju u nervne impulse koje šalju u centralni nervni sistem. </p><p>Centralni delovi slušnog sistema su smešteni u <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Mozak">mozgu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-purves_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-purves-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oni prerađuju primljene informacije sa periferije na osnovu kojih se u mozgu stvara doživljaj sluha i položaja tela u prostoru. </p><p>Centralni delovi vestibularnog sistema povezuju informacije iz perifernog vestibularnog sistema sa drugim sistemima kao npr. sa vizuelnim sistemom (okom), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Mali mozak">malim mozgom</a> i <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Kičmena moždina">kičmenom moždinom</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Уво_као_периферни_орган_чула_слуха"><span id=".D0.A3.D0.B2.D0.BE_.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.BE_.D0.BF.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B3.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D1.87.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0_.D1.81.D0.BB.D1.83.D1.85.D0.B0"></span>Uvo kao periferni organ čula sluha</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredite odeljak „Uvo kao periferni organ čula sluha”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Uvo kao periferni organ čula sluha"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Periferni organ čula sluha je uvo koje se anatomski sastoji od spoljašnjeg, srednjeg i unutrašnjeg uva.<sup id="cite_ref-HALL2005_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HALL2005-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Spoljašnje uvo">Spoljašnje uvo</a> čini: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%99%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ušna školjka">ušna školjka</a> i <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%9A%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Spoljašnji slušni kanal">spoljašnji slušni kanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Srednje uvo">Srednje uvo</a> čini <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Bubna opna">bubna opna</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Bubna duplja">bubna duplja</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Slušne koščice">slušne koščice</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%9B%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Mišići srednjeg uva">mišići srednjeg uva</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%99%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mastoidna šupljina (stranica ne postoji)">mastoidna šupljina</a>. Srednje uvo je <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Eustahijeva tuba">Eustahijevom tubom</a> povezano sa <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Ždrelo">ždrelom</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Unutrašnje uvo">Unutrašnje uvo</a> se sastoji iz <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestibularni lavirint (stranica ne postoji)">vestibularnog lavirinta</a> koga čine <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%9B%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polukružni kanalići (stranica ne postoji)">polukružnih kanalići</a> i <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Vestibulum">vestibuluma</a> i iz <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Puževi">puža</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Latinski jezik">lat.</a> <span lang="la"><i><i><span lang="la" title="латински текст">Cohlea</span></i></i></span>).</li></ul> <p>Perifernom delu čula sluha pripada i <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Tremno-pužni živac">vestibulokohlearni živac</a> (videti <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Moždani živci">kranijalni živci</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Грађа_ува"><span id=".D0.93.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.92.D0.B0_.D1.83.D0.B2.D0.B0"></span>Građa uva</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredite odeljak „Građa uva”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Građa uva"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uvo se deli na:<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS40TH_36_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS40TH_36-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>spoljašnje uvo (<i>auris externa</i>)</li> <li>srednje uvo (<i>auris media</i>)</li> <li>unutrašnje uvo (<i>auris interna</i>)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Спољашње_уво"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.99.D0.B0.D1.88.D1.9A.D0.B5_.D1.83.D0.B2.D0.BE"></span>Spoljašnje uvo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredite odeljak „Spoljašnje uvo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Spoljašnje uvo"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Ear_BNC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ear_BNC.jpg/240px-Ear_BNC.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ear_BNC.jpg/360px-Ear_BNC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ear_BNC.jpg/480px-Ear_BNC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3001" /></a><figcaption>Spoljašnje uvo čoveka<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Spoljašnje uvo, kao i srednje, služe samo za prijem i sprovođenje zvučnih talasa do unutrašnjeg uva. Spoljašnje uvo se sastoji iz <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%99%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ušna školjka">ušne školjke</a> i <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%9A%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Spoljašnji slušni kanal">spoljašnjeg ušnog kanala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-automatski_generisano1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-automatski_generisano1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Na dnu ovog kanala se nalazi bubna opna, koja predstavlja granicu između spoljašnjeg i srednjeg uva, a opisuje se najčešće spoljašnjim uvom.<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-batuev_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-batuev-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ушна_шкољка"><span id=".D0.A3.D1.88.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D1.88.D0.BA.D0.BE.D1.99.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Ušna školjka</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredite odeljak „Ušna školjka”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ušna školjka"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ušna školjka je naboran <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Koža">kožno</a>-<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrskavičavo tkivo">hrskavični</a> organ, koji ima oblik levka, sa širim donjim delom. Donji, znatno uži deo školjke, koji je mekan, jer ne sadrži hrskavicu, nazvan je <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%9A%D0%B8%D1%9B_%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%99%D0%BA%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Režnjić ušne školjke (stranica ne postoji)">režnjić ušne školjke</a> (<i>lobulus auriculae</i>). Ušna školjka je postavljena na bočnoj strani lobanje, između donjoivičnog zgloba i mastoidnog nastavka. </p><p>Na ušnoj školjci se razlikuju dve strane, spoljašnja i unutrašnja. Spoljašnja strana ušne školjke u celosti je konkavna i pokazuje mnogobrojna ispupčenja i udubljenja. U svom središnjem delu ona je izdubljena u prostranu i duboku jamu, koja se zove školjka ušne školjke (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concha_auriculae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concha auriculae (страница не постоји)">concha auriculae</a></i>), koja vodi u spoljašnji kanal. Ispred <i>concha auriculae</i> i otvora spoljašnjeg ušnog kanala nalazi se trouglasto ispupčenje nazvano <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tragus (stranica ne postoji)">tragus</a> (<i>tragus</i>). Ono je svojom bazom priraslo za kožu lica, dok mu je vrh okrenut unazad i pokriva manje ili više ulazni otvor u spoljašnji ušni kanal. Ispod <i>concha auriculae</i> nalazi se spoljašnja strana ranije pomenutog <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lobulus_auriculae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lobulus auriculae (страница не постоји)">lobulus auriculae</a></i>. </p><p>Unutrašnja strana ušne školjke je u celini ispupčena, a okrenuta je medijalno i unazad. Na ovoj strani, kao i na spoljašnjoj, nalaze se razna udubljenja i ispupčenja, koja nemaju nekog većeg značaja. U sastav ušne školjke spadaju: koža, hrskavica ušne školjke i delimično veze i mišići. Koža ušne školjke oblaže njenu hrskavicu, uz koju je naročito prirasla na spoljašnjoj strani. Koža nosi sitne i retke dlačice, osim na unutrašnjoj strani tragusa, gde se nalaze čvrste i duge dlake, nazvane <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ušne dlake (stranica ne postoji)">ušne dlake</a> ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tragi (stranica ne postoji)">tragi</a> (<i>tragi</i>). Hrskavica ušne školjke (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cartilago_auriculae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cartilago auriculae (страница не постоји)">cartilago auriculae</a></i>) čini čvrstu podlogu čitave ušne školjke, osim u predelu <i>lobulusa auriculae</i>, koji ne sadrži hrskavicu. Na svome prednjem delu hrskavica ušne školjke se nastavlja hrskavicom spoljašnjeg ušnog kanala (<i>cartolago meatus acustici</i>), sa kojom gradi celinu. Hrskavica ušne školjke je elastična. Ona uglavnom ima ista udubljenja i ispupčenja kao i ušna školjka, samo su ona jače izražena.<sup id="cite_ref-automatski_generisano1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-automatski_generisano1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Спољашњи_ушни_канал"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.99.D0.B0.D1.88.D1.9A.D0.B8_.D1.83.D1.88.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.BB"></span>Spoljašnji ušni kanal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredite odeljak „Spoljašnji ušni kanal”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Spoljašnji ušni kanal"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spoljašnji ušni kanal je hrskavičasto-koštani kanal, koji se pruža od ušne školjke do srednjeg uva, od koga je odvojen bubnom opnom. On se sastoji iz dva dela: 1) hrskavično-koštanog, koji se nalazi spolja, i 2) koštanog, koji se nalazi unutra, u produžetku hrskavično-opnastog dela. </p><p>Spoljašnji ušni kanal ima različit pravac. Posmatran u celosti, on je kos ka unapred i unutra, ali njegova dva dela nemaju isti pravac. Hrskavično-opnasti deo se pruža naviše, unazad i unutra, a koštani deo naniže, napred i unutra, tako da oba dela kanala zaklapaju međusobno tup ugao otvoren naniže i unapred. Stoga pri stavljanju ušnog levka radi pregleda bubne opne ušnu školjku treba povući unazad i naviše, čime se osovine oba kanala postavljaju u istu ravan. Spoljašnji deo ušnog kanala je dug oko 25 mm. Spoljašnju trećinu od toga predstavlja hrskavično-opnasti deo, u unutrašnje dve trećine koštani deo. </p><p>Spoljašnji ušni kanal, kao što je rečeno, se sastoji iz dva dela. Oba dela su iznutra obložena kožom. </p> <ol><li>Hrskavično-opnasti deo, ili hrskavični spoljašnji ušni kanal (<i>meatus acusticus externus cartilagineus</i>), predstavlja spoljnu trećinu kanala. Prednji i donji zid ovog kanala obrazuje <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrskavičavo tkivo">hrskavica</a> ušnog kanala (<i>cartilago meatus acustici</i>), a zadnji i gornji zid - fibrozna opna. Hrskavično-opnasti deo obrazuju dva olučića, prednje-donji hrskavičav i zadnje-gornji opnast, koji su srasli duž svojih ivica.</li> <li>Koštani deo spoljašnjeg ušnog kanala predstavlja unutrašnje 2/3 kanala. Njegov prednji i donji zid gradi <i>pars tympanica</i>, a zadnji i gornji - <i>pars squamosa</i> slepoočne kosti. Spoljašnji kraj ovog dela meatusa predstavlja spoljašnji ušni otvor (<i>porus acusticus externus</i>), dok se na unutrašnjem kraju pričvršćuje <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Bubna opna">bubna opna</a> (<i>membrana tympani</i>). Zadnji zid koštanog dela kanala je u odnosu na šupljinama u mastoidnom nastavku, a prednji i donji sa donjoviličnom zglobom.</li> <li>Koža spoljašnjeg ušnog kanala sadrži lojne žlezde, naročito oko dlačica, i posebne krupne znojne žlezde, nazvane cerumiozne žlezde (<i>glandulae cerzminosae</i>). Sekret ovih žlezda, koji je mrke boje, pomešan sa sekretom lojnih žlezda i deskvarmiranim ćelijama obrazuje tzv. ušnu mast, ili cerumen.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Бубна_опна"><span id=".D0.91.D1.83.D0.B1.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.BD.D0.B0"></span>Bubna opna</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredite odeljak „Bubna opna”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bubna opna"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Bubna opna">Bubna opna</a> je uložena u plitki koštani žleb na dnu spoljašnjeg ušnog kanala i predstavlja granicu između spoljašnjeg i srednjeg uva. Bubna opna je postavljena koso (pod uglom od 45º) prema prednjem i donjem zidu spoljašnjeg kanala, zbog čega su ova dva zida kanala nešto duža od ostala dva, tj. od zadnjed i gornjeg. S obzirom na sastav i zategnutost, bubna opna se deli na sledeća dva dela: </p> <ol><li>labavi deo (<i>pars flaccida</i>), nazvan još i Šapnelova opna, koja predstavlja gornji, odnosno manji i tanji deo opne, i</li> <li>zategnuti deo (<i>pars tensa</i>) koji čini njen donji, veći i deblji deo.</li></ol> <p>Bubna opna je kožno-fibrozno-sluzokožna membrana, u vidu elipse, na kojij se razlikuju dve strane, spoljašnja i unutrašnja. Spoljašnja strana bubne opne, koja je pokrivena kožom i tankim slojem <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Cerumen">cerumena</a>, udubljena je u vidu plitkog levka. Njen najdublji deo, koji se nalazi malo ispred i ispod središta bubne opne, nazvan je pupak bubne opne (<i>umbo membranae tympani</i>). Od njega prema gore se pruža beličasta čekićasta pruga (<i>stria mallearis</i>), koja je prouzrokovana čitavom drškom čekića. Na gornjem kraju strie mallearis se nalazi kupasto beličasto čekićasto ispupčenje (<i>prominentia mallearis</i>), koje izaziva vrh spoljašnjeg nastavka (<i>processus lateralis</i>) čekića. </p><p>Spoljašnja strana bubne opne je podeljena na četiri kvadranta bubne opne: prednje-gornji, zadnje-gornji, prednje-donji, i zadnje-donji. Iza oba gornja kvadranta smeštene su u bubnoj duplji slušne koščice i <i>chorda tympani</i>. Unutrašnja strana bubne opne je obložena sluzokožom i u celosti je ispupčena prema bubnoj duplji. Na granici između <i>pars flaccida</i> i <i>pars tensa</i> na unutrašnjoj strani nalazi se sluzokožni nabor bubne vrpce (<i>plica chordae tympani</i>), ispod koga prolazi bubna opna (<i>chordae tympani</i>). </p><p>Idući od spoljašnjeg ušnog kanala ka bubnoj duplji, <i>membrana tympani</i> se sastoji iz sledeća tri sloja: 1) kožnog sloja, 2) sopstvenog sloja bubne opne i 3) sluzokožnog sloja. </p> <ol><li>Kožni sloj (<i>stratum cutaneum</i>), koji oblaže spoljašnju stranu bubne opne, čini veoma tanka koža spoljašnjeg ušnog kanala. Potkožica (epidermis) se odlikuje vrlo izraženom regenerativnom sposobnošću, zbog čega povrede bubne opne brzo zarastaju.</li> <li>Sopstveni sloj bubne opne (<i>lamina propria membranae tympani</i>) jeste srednji, fibrozni i jedini sloj koji isključivo pripada bubnoj opni. On postoji samo u zategnutom delu. U fibrounom sloju utkana je fibroznim vlaknima drška čekića (<i>manburim mallei</i>), kao i njegov spoljašnji nastavak (<i>processus lateralis</i>).</li> <li>Sluzokožni sloj (<i>tunica mucosa</i>), koji oblaže unutrašnju stranu bubne opne, deo je sluzokože bubne opne i pokriva dršku čekića i bubnu vrpcu (<i>chorda tympani</i>).</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Средње_уво"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4.D1.9A.D0.B5_.D1.83.D0.B2.D0.BE"></span>Srednje uvo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredite odeljak „Srednje uvo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Srednje uvo"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Middle_ear.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Middle_ear.png/240px-Middle_ear.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Middle_ear.png 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption>Srednje uvo; desno, odozdo prema gore: Eustahijeva truba, bubnjište (<i>cavitas tympani</i>), stremen, lavirint, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%9B_%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Mišić uzengije">mišić uzengije</a>, nakovanj; levo, odozgo prema dole: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%9B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Mišić zatezač bubne opne">mišić zatezač bubne opne</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ceki%C4%87_(kost)" title="Čekić (kost)">čekić</a>, slušni kanal, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Bubna opna">bubna opna</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Srednje uvo je veoma složen sistem šupljina i kanala, smeštenih uglavnom u slepoočnoj kosti. Središnji deo srednjeg uva predstavlja bubna duplja (<i>cavitas tympanica</i>). Ispred bubne duplje se nalazi Eustahijeva slušna truba (<i>tuba auditiva</i>), koja se pruža ka donjem delu ždrela. Pozadi bubne duplje se nalaze šupljine mastoidnom nastavku slepoočne kosti. U predelu ždrelnog otvora slušne tube (<i>ostium pharyngeum tubae</i>) sluzokoža se uvlači u trubu, a zatim i u šupljine u mastoidnom nastavku.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Бубна_дупља"><span id=".D0.91.D1.83.D0.B1.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.B4.D1.83.D0.BF.D1.99.D0.B0"></span>Bubna duplja</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredite odeljak „Bubna duplja”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Bubna duplja"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Bubna duplja">Bubna duplja</a> je koštano-opnasta šupljina, koja predstavlja središnji deo srednjeg uva. Od spoljašnjeg ušnog kanala je odvojena već opisanom bubnom opnom. Ima oblik bikonkavnog <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Sočivo (optika)">sočiva</a>, ali se opisuje kao prizma sa šest strana. Pored ovih zidova, bubnoj duplji se opisuju i slušne koščice, koje su smeštene u njenoj šupljini. </p><p>Zidovi bubne duplje ograničavaju njenu šupljinu. Oni su: </p> <ul><li>spoljašnji ili opnasti zid (<i>paries membranacues</i>)</li> <li>unutrašnji ili lavirintni zid (<i>paries labyrinthicus</i>)</li> <li>prednji ili karotidni zid (<i>paries carotius</i>)</li> <li>zadnji ili mastoidni zid (<i>paries mastoideus</i>)</li> <li>gornji ili pokrovni zid (<i>paries tagmentalis</i>)</li> <li>donji ili jugularni zid (<i>pries jugularis</i>)</li></ul> <p>Bubna duplja je u topografskom i kliničkom pogledu podeljena na tri „sprata“: gornji, srednji i donji. Ova podela učinjena ja na osnovu odnosa bubne duplje sa bubnom opnom. Gornji sprat, ili epitimpanični špag (<i>recessus epitympanicus</i>) nalazi se iznad bubne opne, a pruža se naviše do bubnog krova (<i>tegmen tympani</i>). Pozadi, epitimpanični špag je u vezi sa šupljinama u mastoidnom nastavku preko ulaza u mastoidnu pećinu (<i>aditus ad antrum</i>). U epitimpaničnom špagu koji predstavlja najveći deo šupljine bubne duplje, smešteni su glava čekića (<i>caput mallei</i>) i telo nakovnja (<i>corpus incudis</i>). Sluzokoža bubne duplje, prekrivajući spomenute delove slušnih koščica i uvlačeći se izmedju njih, obrazuje u epitimpaničnom špagu pliče ili dublje sluzokožne špagove (recesuse), koji predstavljaju podesna mesta za skupljanje gnoja u slučajevima gnojnih oboljenja u bubnoj duplji. </p><p>Srednji sprat, ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mezotimpanum (stranica ne postoji)">mezotimpanum</a> (<i>mesotympanum</i>), nalazi se u nivou bubne opne, ispod epitimpaničnog špaga. U srednjem spratu, osim glave čekića i tela nakovnja, smešteni su svi ostali delovi ove dve slušne koščice, kao i cela uzengija. </p><p>Donji sprat, ili hipotimpanični špag (<i>recessus hypotympanicus</i>), leži ispod bubne opne i predstavlja najniži deo bubne duplje u kome se skuplja gnoj pri gnojenju u bubnoj duplji. Donji sprat je odozdo zatvoren tankim jugularnim zidom bubne duplje, preko koga je u odnosu s unutrašnjom jugularnom venom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Слушне_кошчице"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BB.D1.83.D1.88.D0.BD.D0.B5_.D0.BA.D0.BE.D1.88.D1.87.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B5"></span>Slušne koščice</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredite odeljak „Slušne koščice”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Slušne koščice"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slušne koščice leže u bubnoj duplji i prenose zvučne talase od bubne opne u unutrašnje uvo. Ima ih tri, i to, idući od spolja ka unutra: <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ceki%C4%87_(kost)" title="Čekić (kost)">čekić</a> (<i>malleus</i>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Nakovanj (kost)">nakovanj</a> (<i>incus</i>), i <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Uzengija (kost)">uzengija</a> (<i>stapes</i>). Slušne koščice su zglobljene međusobno i to: čekić s nakovnjem pomoću nepokretnog zgloba, a nakovanj sa uzengijom pokretnim zglobom. </p><p>Slušne koščice pružaju se od spoljašnjeg, membranoznog do unutrašnjeg, lavirintnog zida bubne duplje. Čekić, koji je najlaterarnija koščica, utkan je u fibrozni sloj membrane tympani, i to svojom drškom čekića (<i>manubrium mallei</i>) i spoljašnjim nastavkom (<i>processus lateralis</i>). Uzengija, koja je najmedijalnija koščica, uglavljena je svojom bazom uzengije (<i>basis stapedis</i>) u tremni prozor (<i>fenestra vestibuli</i>), na lavirintnom zidu bubne duplje. </p><p>Čekić je najveća od tri slušne koščice. Njegovi sastavni delovi su: 1) glava čekića (<i>caput mallei</i>), koja predstavlja gornji prošireni deo koščice, zglobljen sa telom nakovanja; 2) vrat čekića (<i>collum mallei</i>), koji leži ispod glave; 3) drška čekića (<i>manubrium mallei</i>), koja se pruža naniže, a utkana je u fibrozni sloj membrane tympani; 4) spoljašnji nastavak (<i>procesus lateralis</i>), koji je takođe utkan u fibrozni sloj bubne opne, na čijoj spoljašnjoj strani prouzrokuje čekićno ispupčenje (<i>prominentia mallearis</i>), 5) prednji nastavak (<i>processus anterior</i>), koji je znatno duži od prethodnog, a uglavljen je u petrotimpaničnu pukotinu (<i>fissura petrotympanica</i>). </p><p>Nakovanj se nalazi unutra i iza čekića, a sastoji se iz: 1) tela nakovnja (<i>corpus incudis</i>), na kome se nalazi sedlasta zglobna površina za zglobljavanje sa glavom čekića; 2) dugog kraka (<i>crus longum</i>), koji se pruža upravno naniže, paralelno sa drškom čekića, a na donjem kraju nosi zglobnu površinu za zglobljavanje sa glavom uzengije; 3) kratkog kraka (<i>crus breve</i>), koji je upravljen unazad. </p><p>Uzengija je najmanja i najmedijalnija slušna koščica. Njeni sastavni delovi su: 1) glava uzengije (<i>caput stapedis</i>), koja se zglobljava sa dugim krakom nakovnja, pomoću pravog pokretnog zgloba; 2) prednji krak (<i>crus anterius</i>), koji je ravan; 3) zadnji krak (<i>crus posterius</i>), koji je savijen i duži od prednjeg kraka; 4) baza uzengije (<i>basis stapedis</i>), koja je uglavljena u tremni prozor (<i>fenestra vestibuli</i>). Prednji i zadnji krak uzengije spajaju njenu glavu sa krajevima baze uzengije, ograničavajući otvor uzengije. </p><p>Mišići slušnih koščica jesu sledeća dva poprečnoprugasta mišića, koji svojim reflektornim i sinergičnim dejstvom regulišu prenos zvučnih talasa sa bubne opne, preko slušnih koščica, na unutrašnje uvo i štite ga od prejakih nadražaja. </p> <ul><li>Mišić zatezač bubne opne (<i>m. tensor tympani</i>) veoma je tanak, izdužen mišić, čija se vlakna pričvršćuju na zidovima istoimenog koštanog polukanala (<i>semicanalis m. tensoris tympani</i>) i na hrskavičnom delu slušne trube. Mišić se pruža unazad i prelazi u tanku tetivu, koja se pripaja na vratu čekića (<i>collum mallei</i>). Zatezač bubne opne je inervisan istoimenim živcem (<i>n. tensoris tympani</i>), granom mandibularnog živca. Mišić deluje na čekić, koga povlači ka unutra te tako zateže bubnu opnu. Ovim dejstvom mišić uvlači bazu uzengije u tremni prozor.</li> <li>Mišić uzengije (<i>m. stapedius</i>) jeste najmanji <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%9B" title="Poprečno-prugasti mišić">poprečno-prugasti mišić</a> kod čoveka. Mišić je smešten u šupljinu piramidnog ispupčenja (<i>eminentia pyramidalis</i>), na mastoidnom zidu bubne duplje. Veoma tanka tetiva izlazi iz piramidnog ispupčenja na njegovom vrhu i, pružena unapred, pričvršćuje se na glavi uzengije. Mišić uzengije je inervisan istoimenim živcem (<i>n. stapedius</i>), bočnom granom <i>n. facialisa</i>. Svojim dejstvom mišić povlači glavu uzengije napolje i nazad, a time izvlači bazu uzengije iz tremnog prozora. Na taj način on smanjuje pritisak u unutrašnjem uvu. Mišići slušnih koščica i njihova složena funkcija u potpunosti razjašnjeni.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Еустахијева_слушна_труба"><span id=".D0.95.D1.83.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.85.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B5.D0.B2.D0.B0_.D1.81.D0.BB.D1.83.D1.88.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D1.82.D1.80.D1.83.D0.B1.D0.B0"></span>Eustahijeva slušna truba</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredite odeljak „Eustahijeva slušna truba”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Eustahijeva slušna truba"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slušna truba (stranica ne postoji)">Slušna truba</a> je koštano-opnasto-hrskavičava cev, koja spaja bubnu duplju i nosni deo ždrela. Slušna truba sprovodi vazduh iz ždrela u cavitas tympanica i služi za izjednačavanje pritiska na spoljašnjoj i unutrašnjoj strani bubne opne. Pri patološkim promenama koje izazivaju začepljenje slušne trube pritisak na spoljašnjoj strani bubne opne veći je od pritiska na njenoj unutrašnjoj strani, zbog čega nastaju smetnje u uvu. U stvari, zidovi hrskavično-opnastog dela slušne trube priljubljeni su jedan uz drugi, tako da je truba uglavnom zatvorena. Ona se otvara i postaje prolazna za vazduh pod dejstvom svojih mišića, koji će biti opisani na kraju ovog poglavlja. </p><p>Slušna truba, koja je duga oko 36 mm, pruža se od prednjeg zida bubne duplje do bočnog zida nazofariksa, i to koso unapred, unutra i naniže. Ona se, slično kao i spoljašnji ušni kanal, sastoji iz dva dela, koštanog i hrskavičavog, tako da se, idući od bubne duplje prema ždrelu na slušnoj trubi razlikuju sledeći sastavni delovi: 1) bubni otvor; 2) koštani deo; 3) hrskavičavi deo i 4) ždrelni otvor. </p> <ol><li>Bubni otvor slušne trube (<i>ostium tympanicum tubae auditivae</i>) jeste njen zadnje-spoljašnji ovalni koštani otvor koji se nalazi na prednjem, ili karotidnom zidu bubne duplje.</li> <li>Koštani deo slušne trube (<i>pars ossea tubae auditivae</i>), koji čini manju zadnje spoljašnju trećinu trube, pruža se od bubnog otvora unapred i ka unutra. Ovaj deo trube obrazuju polukanal slušne trube (<i>semicanalis tubae auditivae</i>), izdubljen na pars petrosa slepoočne kosti, i unutrašnji kraj <i>pars tympanica</i>-ove kosti. <i>Pars tympanica</i> je prislonjen uz spomenuti polukanal, tako da ga pretvara u potpuni koštani kanal.</li> <li>Hrskavičavi deo slušne trube (<i>pars cartilaginea tubae auditivae</i>), koji predstavlja njene dve prednje-unutrašnje trećine, nastavlja pravac koštanog dela, pružajući se prema <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazofarinks (stranica ne postoji)">nazofarinksu</a>. Ovaj deo trube, koji se levkasto proširuje idući ka unapred, sastoji se iz: 1) hrskavice slušne trube (<i>cartilago tubae auditivae</i>), koja je u vidu olučića konkavnog naniže, tako da obrazuje čitav unutrašnji i gornji zid trube, kao i gornji deo njenog spoljašnjeg zida, i 2) opnaste pločice (<i>lamina membranacea</i>), takođe olučaste, ali sa konkavitetom naviše, a koja čini najveći deo spoljašnjeg i ceo donji zid trube. Prema tome, oba dela su olučasta, a spajanjem svojih ivica obrazuju potpuni hrskavično-opnasti kanal. Hrskavičavi deo slušne trube pričvršćen je vezivnim tkivom uz donju stranu lobanjske baze počevši od bodlje klinaste kosti (<i>spina ossis shenoidalis</i>) do unutrašnjeg lista pterigoidnog nastavka (<i>lamina medialis processus pterygoideli</i>). Spoljašnji, uglavnom opnasti zid trube, priljubljen je uz hrskavicu slušne trube, pa je truba normalno zatvorena. Na spoljašnjem zidu pripajaju se vlakna mišića zatezača <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Meko nepce">mekog nepca</a> (<i>m. tensor veli palatini</i>; v. dalje). Ovaj zid trube u odnosu je sa stablom <i>n. mandibularisa</i>, kao i sa optičkim ganglionom, koji leži u uskom prostoru između ovog živca i trube.</li> <li>Ždrelni otvor slušne trube (<i>ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae</i>), koji ima oblik trougla ili levka, predstavlja prednje-unutrašnji otvor trube. Ovaj prostor kao što nam je poznato, leži na bočnom zidu nazofariksa, sa kojim je detaljnije opisan. Zidovi slušne trube, koji ograničavaju njenu šupljinu, obloženi su iznutra sluzokožom. Ona predstavlja produžetak sluzokože ždrela, a nastavlja se unazad sa sluzokožom bubne duplje.</li></ol> <p>Kao što je već rečeno, slušna truba je pri mirovanju normalno zatvorena. Pri pokretima gutanja slušna truba se otvara pod dejstvom sledeća tri mišića, koji su detaljnije opisani uz meko nepce i ždrelo. Mišić zatezač mekog nepca (<i>m. tensor veli patatini</i>), pored svojih koštanih pripoja, opisanih detaljno uz meko nepce, pripaja se i na spoljašnjem zidu hrskavičavog dela slušne trube. Mišić podizač mekog nepca (<i>m. levator veli palatini</i>), osim pripoja na donjoj strani piramide slepoočne kosti, pripaja se i na zadnjem kraju donjeg zida hrskavičavog dela slušne trube. Svojim dejstvom pri gutanju, zevanju ili govoru ovi mišići, a naročito <i>m. tensor veli palatini</i>, povlače spoljašnji i donji zid hrskavičavog dela slušne trube i time otvaraju trubu. Stoga <i>m. tensor veli palatini</i> nazvan dilatatorom slušne trube. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Унутрашње_уво"><span id=".D0.A3.D0.BD.D1.83.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.88.D1.9A.D0.B5_.D1.83.D0.B2.D0.BE"></span>Unutrašnje uvo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredite odeljak „Unutrašnje uvo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Unutrašnje uvo"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Bony_labyrinth.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bony_labyrinth.svg/240px-Bony_labyrinth.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bony_labyrinth.svg/360px-Bony_labyrinth.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bony_labyrinth.svg/480px-Bony_labyrinth.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="208" /></a><figcaption>Izgled unutrašnjeg uva; na desnoj strani, odozdo prema gore: puž, utrikulus, <i>canalis semicircularis anterior</i>; s leve strane, odozgo prema dole: <i>canalis semicircularis posterior</i>, <i>canalis semicircularis lateralis</i>, vestibulum, sakulus.</figcaption></figure> <p>Koštani lavirint je smešten u sunđerastom tkivu slepoočne piramide, unutra i nešto iza bubne duplje, od koje je odvojen njenim veoma tankim unutrašnjim, ili lavirintnim zidom. Idući od spreda unazad i od unutra ka upolje koštani lavirint se sastoji iz: 1) puža (<i>cochea</i>), 2) trema (<i>vestibulum</i>) i 3) koštanih polukružnih kanala (<i>canales semicirculares ossei</i>). Sva tri dela su u stvari koštane šupljine koje međusobno komuniciraju, a čiji su zidovi debeli 1-2 mm.<ref name="GRAYS40TH_36"> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Пуж"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.83.D0.B6"></span>Puž</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredite odeljak „Puž”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Puž"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Puž je prednji deo koštanog lavirinta, koji ima oblik kućice baštenskog puža. Uži kraj, nazvan vrh puža (<i>cupula cochleae</i>), okrenut je napred i dole, prema karotidnom kanalu (<i>canalis caroticus</i>), dok baza puža (<i>basis cochlea</i>) odgovara prednjem delu dna unutrašnjeg ušnog kanala (fundus meatus acustici interni). </p><p>Puž se sastoji iz tri dela: 1) stožera, 2) spiralnog kanala puža i 3) koštane spiralne pločice.<ref name="GRAYS40TH_36"> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Трем"><span id=".D0.A2.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Trem</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredite odeljak „Trem”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Trem"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trem leži iza <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B6_(%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Puž (uvo)">puža</a>, a ispred polukružnih kanala. U šupljini trema smešteni su od opnastog unutrašnjeg uva: mešinica (<i>urticulus</i>), kesica (<i>saculus</i>) i tremni špag (<i>caecum vestibulare</i>) opnastog puža. Trem ima oblik šuplje prizme sa zaobljenim uglovima i ivicama, te mu se opisuju šest zidova: prednji, zadnji, gornji, donji, spoljašnji i unutrašnji.<ref name="GRAYS40TH_36"> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Коштани_полукружни_канали"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BE.D1.88.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BB.D1.83.D0.BA.D1.80.D1.83.D0.B6.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B8"></span>Koštani polukružni kanali</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredite odeljak „Koštani polukružni kanali”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Koštani polukružni kanali"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Koštani polukružni kanali, kojih ima tri, postavljeni su u tri prostora, pozadi i iznad trema, u čiju se šupljinu otvaraju. Nazvani su: prednji, zadnji i spoljašnji polukružni kanal. Svaki polukružni kanal ima oblik cilindrične cevi, savijene u obliku potkovice, te imaju po dva morfološki različita okrajka. Jedan okrajak je proširen i ima izgled ampute, dok je drugi jednostavan, tj. celom dužinom istog kalibra, te je u vidu kraka. Koštane ampule, kao i polukružni kanali kojima pripadaju, jesu prednja, zadnja i spoljašnja. Njihovi otvori se otvaraju svaki posebno na odgovarajućem zidu trema. Koštani kraci se ponašaju drugačije u pogledu otvaranja u šupljinu trema. Kraci prednjeg i zadnjeg polukružnog kanala spajaju se međusobno obrazujući tzv. zajednički koštani krak (<i>crus ocseum commune</i>), koji ima zajednički otvor u šupljini trema. Spoljašnji polukružni kanal, pored svoje ampule, ima i nespojen prost koštani krak (<i>crus osseum simplex</i>), koji se zasebno otvara u tremu. Zbog toga se na zidovima trema nalazi pet otvora poulkružnih kanala, od kojih tri pripadaju ampulama, a samo dva kracima. To su: prednji polukružni kanal (<i>canalis semicirculares anterior</i>), zadnji polukružni kanal (<i>canalis semicirculares posterior</i>), spoljašnji polukružni kanal (<i>canalis semicirculares lateralis</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Поремећаји_и_болести_уха"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.9B.D0.B0.D1.98.D0.B8_.D0.B8_.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8_.D1.83.D1.85.D0.B0"></span>Poremećaji i bolesti uha</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredite odeljak „Poremećaji i bolesti uha”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Poremećaji i bolesti uha"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oko 10% stanovništva u industrijskim zemljama ima značajna oštećenja sluha. Oštećenje čula sluha mogu izazvati zvučni signali jake zvučne energije (jačine zvuka), ali čak i dugotrajno izlaganje zvučnim signalima srednje jačine (oko 70 <a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">decibela</a>) može dovesti do oštećenja sluha. </p> <ul><li>Starenje uva. U starosti se javlja staračko oštećenje sluha poznato kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presbiakusija (stranica ne postoji)">presbiakusija</a>, kao posledica starošću izazvanih degenerativnih promena u <a href="/wiki/%D0%8B%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ćelija (biologija)">ćelijama</a> čula sluha u unutrašnjeg uva.</li> <li>Spoljašnje uvo je podložno <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Infekcija">infekcijama</a>. Izazivači <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zapaljenje uva (stranica ne postoji)">zapaljenja spoljašnjeg uvaa</a> eksterna su najčešće razne <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakterija">bakterije</a>. Kod hroničnog zapaljenja može doći i do razaranja okolnih koštanih struktura, tada nastaje <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Holesteatom">holesteatom</a>. Ukoliko zapaljenje zahvati mastoidnu šupljinu radi se o <i>mastoiditisu</i>.</li> <li>Takođe i u srednjem uvu može doći do zapaljenja (otitis medija). Zapaljenjski proces izaziva otok <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Eustahijeva tuba">Eustahijevu tubu</a>, koja ima ulogu u „provetravanju“ srednjeg uva što ima za posledicu poremećaj u izjednačavanju pritiska između srednjeg uva i spoljašnje sredine i pojavu ispupčenja bubne opne put spolja. Usled toga se zapaljenjski produkti (tečnost) nagomilavaju u bubnoj duplji i pritisak u njoj raste. Ovakvo zapaljenje se zove <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Katar">katar</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Eustahijeva tuba">Eustahijeve tube</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerootitis" title="Aerootitis">Barotrauma</a>. Ako porast pritiska u srednjem uvu nadvlada elastičnost <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Bubna opna">bubne opne</a> on može dovesti do njene perforacije (rupture-pucanja), nakon čega se može javiti curenje sukrvičavog sekreta iz spoljašnjeg uva i smanjenje tegoba jer nakupljeni sekret otiče, a pacijent oseća olakšanje zbog pada pritiska u srednjem uvu. Zapaljenje srednjeg uva se često javlja kod dece zbog čestih infekcija gornjih disajnih puteva i prenosa infekcije kroz Eustahijevu tubu u srednje uvo.</li> <li>Okoštavanje slušnih koščica. Ovo oboljenje se zove <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Otoskleroza">otoskleroza</a> a nastaje usled raznih procesa u uvu koji mogu izazvati okoštavanja slušnih koščica ili cele bubne duplje i unutrašnjeg uva.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povreda" title="Povreda">Povreda</a> uva. Usled jakih fizičkih (akustičkih) trauma npr. eksplozija takođe može doći do oštećenja bubne one srednjeg i unutrašnjeg uva. Da bi se sprečila ruptura bubne opne u toku jake akustične traume primenjuje se metoda zevanja ili Valsalva manevar kako bi se u što kraćem vremenu izjednačio pritisak u srednjem uvu maksimalnim otvaranjem Eustahijeve tube.</li> <li>Oštećenja unutrašnjeg uva mogu biti posledica neke infekcije (otitis interna), <a href="/wiki/Povreda" title="Povreda">traume</a> ili upotrebe nekih <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Lek">lekova</a>. Kao posledica može se javiti oštećenje sluha, gubitak sluha i <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D1%83%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%83_%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zujanje u ušima (stranica ne postoji)">zujanje u ušima</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tinitus" title="Tinitus">tinitus</a>). Pošto je i organ čula ravnoteže smešten u unutrašnjem uvu zapaljenjski proces može izazvati pojavu <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Vrtoglavica">vrtoglavice</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Конгениталне_аномалије_спољног_ува"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B3.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BD.D0.B5_.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B5_.D1.81.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.99.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B3_.D1.83.D0.B2.D0.B0"></span>Kongenitalne anomalije spoljnog uva</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredite odeljak „Kongenitalne anomalije spoljnog uva”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Kongenitalne anomalije spoljnog uva"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kongenitalne anomalije spoljnog uva mogu biti povezane s trisomijama pojedinih <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Hromozom">hromozoma</a>, nasleđem te virusnim upalama i drugim štetnim delovanjima tokom trudnoće. Kongenitalne anomalije spoljašnjeg uva vidljive su već pri rođenju. One mogu upućivati na funkcionalne nedostatke kao što su nagluvost (<i>hypoacusis</i>) i gluvoća (<i>anacusis</i>). Te su anomalije češće jednostrane, desnostrane i u oko 60 posto slučajeva javljaju se češće kod dečaka. Kongenitalne anomalije spoljnog uva su <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Otapostaza">otapostaza</a> ili <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Otapostaza">odstojeća uška</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Anotija">anotija</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Mikrotija">mikrotija</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Makrotija">makrotija</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisura uške (stranica ne postoji)">rascep</a> ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisura uške (stranica ne postoji)">fisura uške</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apendiks uške (stranica ne postoji)">apendiks uške</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preaurikularna fistula (stranica ne postoji)">preaurikularna fistula</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Болести_средњег_ува"><span id=".D0.91.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8_.D1.81.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4.D1.9A.D0.B5.D0.B3_.D1.83.D0.B2.D0.B0"></span>Bolesti srednjeg uva</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Uredite odeljak „Bolesti srednjeg uva”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Bolesti srednjeg uva"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Otogene komplikacije obično su posledica hroničnih, a ređe akutnih upala srednjeg uva. Mogu biti egzokranijalne (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akutni mastoiditis (stranica ne postoji)">akutni mastoiditis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lavirintitis (stranica ne postoji)">lavirintitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrozitis" title="Petrozitis">petrozitis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pareza ličnoga živca (stranica ne postoji)">pareza ličnoga živca</a>) i endokranijalne (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tromboflebitis sigmoidnog sinusa (stranica ne postoji)">tromboflebitis sigmoidnog sinusa</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Meningitis">meningitis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekstraduralni apsces (stranica ne postoji)">ekstraduralni apsces</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subduralni apsces (stranica ne postoji)">subduralni apsces</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apsces velikoga mozga (stranica ne postoji)">apsces velikoga mozga</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apsces maloga mozga (stranica ne postoji)">apsces maloga mozga</a>). </p><p>Eustahijeva tuba je kanal koji spaja šupljinu srednjeg uva sa ždrelom. </p><p>Fizičko opterećenje koje narušava i oštećuje strukture u zatvorenim telesnim šupljinama ispunjenima vazduhom za vreme nagle promene atmosferskog pritiska, nazivamo barotrauma. </p> <ul><li>Pozitivna barotrauma - pritisak u zatvorenim šupljinama je povišen.</li> <li>Negativna barotrauma - pritisak u zatvorenim šupljinama je snižen.</li></ul> <p>U telesnim šupljinama, kao i u srednjem uvu postoji određena količina nerastvorenog vazduha i ona reaguje na promene atmosferskog pritiska. Padanjem atmosferskog pritiska pri porastu visine zapremina vazduha u telesnoj šupljini se povećava. </p><p>Promene u Eustahijevoj tubi izazivaju smetnje u srednjem uvu. Barotraumatski poremećaj se ne javlja kada je pritisak u uvu jednak pritisku okoline. Ako se Eustahijeva tuba otvori pritisci se izjednače. </p><p>Pozitivna barotrauma razvija se zbog poremećenosti funkcije tube i ako se njeno ušće u ždrelu ne otvori. Tada se pojavljuje bol i nagluvost. Razlika u pritisku brzo se izjednačava gutanjem sline, zevanjem i produvavanjem tube. Ako je tuba oštećena i pritisak se ne izjednači, tj. ušće se ne otvara dolazi do negativne barotraume - šire se krvne žile, nastaju tačkasta krvarenja, odlepljenje sluznica, uvlačenje bubnjića uz bol i nagluvost. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Референце"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B5.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B5"></span>Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Uredite odeljak „Reference”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28440201">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Oxford-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305163606/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/ear">„Ear”</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionary</i>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/ear">originala</a> 05. 03. 2016. g<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno <span class="nowrap">25. 2. 2016</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.atitle=Ear&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fear&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greinwald, John H. Jr MD; Hartnick, Christopher J. MD The Evaluation of Children With Sensorineural Hearing Loss. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JAMA_Otolaryngology%E2%80%93Head_%26_Neck_Surgery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery (stranica ne postoji)">Archives of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery</a>. <b>128</b>  (1):  84-87, January 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ultrasound">„Definition of "ultrasound" | Collins English Dictionary”</a>. <i>www.collinsdictionary.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno <span class="nowrap">20. 03. 2016</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.atitle=Definition+of+%22ultrasound%22+%7C+Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.collinsdictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fultrasound&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-purves-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-purves_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPurves2007">Purves 2007</a>, str. 332–336</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HALL2005-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HALL2005_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHall2005">Hall 2005</a>, str. 651–657<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb greška: no target: CITEREFHall2005 (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRAYS40TH_36-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRAYS40TH_36_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Standring, Susan. Borley, Neil R., ur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/GraysAnatomy40thEd_201403/Gray's%20Anatomy%20-%2040th%20Ed_djvu.txt"><i>Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice</i></a> (40 izd.). [[Edinburg |publisher=<a href="/w/index.php?title=Churchill_Livingstone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Churchill Livingstone (stranica ne postoji)">Churchill Livingstone</a>/<a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a> |year=2008|Edinburgh]]. str. Chapter 36. "External and middle ear", 615—631. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-443-06684-9" title="Posebno:Štampani izvori/978-0-443-06684-9">978-0-443-06684-9</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Gray_s_Anatomy.html?id=kvhkPQAACAAJ">originala</a> 10. 3. 2014. g.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.aulast=Standring&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+Anatomy%3A+The+Anatomical+Basis+of+Clinical+Practice&rft.edition=40&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-443-06684-9&rft.pages=Chapter+36.+%22External+and+middle+ear%22%2C+615-631&rft.place=%5B%5B%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3+%7Cpublisher%3DChurchill+Livingstone%2FElsevier+%7Cyear%3D2008%7CEdinburgh%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FGray_s_Anatomy.html%3Fid%3DkvhkPQAACAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moore_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AM (2013). <i>Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th ed</i>. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. str. 848—849. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-1-4511-8447-1" title="Posebno:Štampani izvori/978-1-4511-8447-1">978-1-4511-8447-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.au=Agur%2C+AM&rft.au=Dalley%2C+AF&rft.aufirst=KL&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.btitle=Clinically+Oriented+Anatomy%2C+7th+ed.&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4511-8447-1&rft.pages=848-849&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-automatski_generisano1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-automatski_generisano1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-automatski_generisano1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stenström, J. Sten: Deformities of the ear; In: Grabb, W., C., Smith, J.S. (Edited): “Plastic Surgery”, Little, Brown and Company, Boston. 1979. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-316-32269-0" title="Posebno:Štampani izvori/978-0-316-32269-0">978-0-316-32269-0</a>. (C). <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-316-32268-3" title="Posebno:Štampani izvori/978-0-316-32268-3">978-0-316-32268-3</a>. (P)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRAYS2005-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRAYS2005_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam; W.M. Mitchell; Richardson, Paul (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/graysanatomyfors00unse"><i>Gray's anatomy for students</i></a>. illustrations by Richard. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-8089-2306-0" title="Posebno:Štampani izvori/978-0-8089-2306-0">978-0-8089-2306-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.au=Richardson%2C+Paul&rft.au=Tibbitts%2C+Adam&rft.au=Vogl%2C+Wayne&rft.au=W.M.+Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+anatomy+for+students&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8089-2306-0&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Elsevier%2FChurchill+Livingstone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgraysanatomyfors00unse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-batuev-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-batuev_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Batuev, S. A.. (2010). „Glava 3. Fiziologiя sensornыh sistem. #4. Sluhovaя sensornaя sistema i rečь”. <i>Fiziologiя vыsšeй nervnoй deяtelьnosti i sensornыh sistem</i>. SPb.: Piter. str. 317. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/9785911808426" title="Posebno:Štampani izvori/9785911808426">9785911808426</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0+3.+%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC.+%234.+%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C&rft.aufirst=%D0%A1.+%D0%90..&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft.btitle=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9785911808426&rft.pages=317&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%9F%D0%B1.&rft.pub=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>. — S. 78—81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mitchell, Adam W. M.; Richard L. Drake, Wayne Vogl (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/graysanatomyfors00unse"><i>Gray's anatomy for students</i></a>. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/graysanatomyfors00unse/page/858">858</a>. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-8089-2306-0" title="Posebno:Štampani izvori/978-0-8089-2306-0">978-0-8089-2306-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.au=Richard+L.+Drake%2C+Wayne+Vogl&rft.aufirst=Adam+W.+M.&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+anatomy+for+students&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8089-2306-0&rft.pages=858&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pa.&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgraysanatomyfors00unse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литература"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Uredite odeljak „Literatura”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Literatura"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28440192">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFPurves2007" class="citation book">Purves, D. (2007). <i>Neuroscience</i> (4th izd.). New York: Sinauer. str. 332—336. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0878936977" title="Posebno:Štampani izvori/978-0878936977">978-0878936977</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.aulast=Purves&rft.btitle=Neuroscience&rft.date=2007&rft.edition=4th&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0878936977&rft.pages=332-336&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Sinauer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDrakeVoglTibbittsW.M._Mitchell2005" class="citation book">Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam; W.M. Mitchell; Richardson, Paul (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/graysanatomyfors00unse"><i>Gray's anatomy for students</i></a>. illustrations by Richard. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-8089-2306-0" title="Posebno:Štampani izvori/978-0-8089-2306-0">978-0-8089-2306-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.au=Richardson%2C+Paul&rft.au=Tibbitts%2C+Adam&rft.au=Vogl%2C+Wayne&rft.au=W.M.+Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+anatomy+for+students&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8089-2306-0&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Elsevier%2FChurchill+Livingstone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgraysanatomyfors00unse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMooreDalleyAgur2013" class="citation book">Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AM (2013). <i>Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th ed</i>. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. str. 848—849. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-1-4511-8447-1" title="Posebno:Štampani izvori/978-1-4511-8447-1">978-1-4511-8447-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.au=Agur%2C+AM&rft.au=Dalley%2C+AF&rft.aufirst=KL&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.btitle=Clinically+Oriented+Anatomy%2C+7th+ed.&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4511-8447-1&rft.pages=848-849&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStandring" class="citation book">Standring, Susan. Borley, Neil R., ur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/GraysAnatomy40thEd_201403/Gray's%20Anatomy%20-%2040th%20Ed_djvu.txt"><i>Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice</i></a> (40 izd.). [[Edinburg |publisher=<a href="/w/index.php?title=Churchill_Livingstone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Churchill Livingstone (stranica ne postoji)">Churchill Livingstone</a>/<a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a> |year=2008|Edinburgh]]. str. Chapter 36. "External and middle ear", 615—631. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-443-06684-9" title="Posebno:Štampani izvori/978-0-443-06684-9">978-0-443-06684-9</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Gray_s_Anatomy.html?id=kvhkPQAACAAJ">originala</a> 10. 3. 2014. g.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.aulast=Standring&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+Anatomy%3A+The+Anatomical+Basis+of+Clinical+Practice&rft.edition=40&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-443-06684-9&rft.pages=Chapter+36.+%22External+and+middle+ear%22%2C+615-631&rft.place=%5B%5B%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3+%7Cpublisher%3DChurchill+Livingstone%2FElsevier+%7Cyear%3D2008%7CEdinburgh%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FGray_s_Anatomy.html%3Fid%3DkvhkPQAACAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGuytonHall1999" class="citation book">Guyton, Arthur C.; Hall, John E. (1999). <i>Medicinska fiziologija</i>. Beograd: savremena administracija. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-86-387-0599-3" title="Posebno:Štampani izvori/978-86-387-0599-3">978-86-387-0599-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.au=Hall%2C+John+E.&rft.aufirst=Arthur+C.&rft.aulast=Guyton&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-86-387-0599-3&rft.place=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4&rft.pub=%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFProbstGreversIro" class="citation book">Probst, Rudolf; Grevers, Gerhard; Iro, Heinrich. <i>Hals-Nasan-Ohren-Heilkunde</i>. Thieme. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-3-13-119032-1" title="Posebno:Štampani izvori/978-3-13-119032-1">978-3-13-119032-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.au=Grevers%2C+Gerhard&rft.au=Iro%2C+Heinrich&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rft.aulast=Probst&rft.btitle=Hals-Nasan-Ohren-Heilkunde&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-13-119032-1&rft.pub=Thieme.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHeldmeierNeuweiler2003" class="citation book">Heldmeier, Gerhard; Neuweiler, Gerhard (2003). <i>Vergleichende Tierphysiologie. Band 1: Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie</i><span></span><i>. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-3-540-44283-7" title="Posebno:Štampani izvori/978-3-540-44283-7">978-3-540-44283-7</a>.</i></cite><i><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.au=Neuweiler%2C+Gerhard&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.aulast=Heldmeier&rft.btitle=Vergleichende+Tierphysiologie.+Band+1%3A+Neuro-+und+Sinnesphysiologie&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-540-44283-7&rft.place=Berlin%2C+Heidelberg%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></i></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPierce1999" class="citation book">Pierce, John R. (1999). <i>Klang - Musik mit den Ohren der Physik</i>. Berlin: Spektrum akademischer Verlag. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-3-8274-0544-9" title="Posebno:Štampani izvori/978-3-8274-0544-9">978-3-8274-0544-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rft.aulast=Pierce&rft.btitle=Klang+-+Musik+mit+den+Ohren+der+Physik&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-8274-0544-9&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Spektrum+akademischer+Verlag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGilleOhr2008" class="citation book">Gille, Uwe; Ohr, Auris (2008). Salomon, F.-V.; H. Geyer; U. Gille, ur. <i>Anatomie für die Tiermedizin</i> (2. izd.). Stuttgart: Enke Verlag. str. 612—621. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-3-8304-1075-1" title="Posebno:Štampani izvori/978-3-8304-1075-1">978-3-8304-1075-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.au=Ohr%2C+Auris&rft.aufirst=Uwe&rft.aulast=Gille&rft.btitle=Anatomie+f%C3%BCr+die+Tiermedizin&rft.date=2008&rft.edition=2.&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-8304-1075-1&rft.pages=612-621&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pub=Enke+Verlag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMüllerFrings2009" class="citation book">Müller, Werner; Frings, Stephan (2009). <i>Tier- und Humanphysiologie. Eine Einführung</i>. Heidelberg, Dordrecht, London, New York: Springer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-3-642-00462-9" title="Posebno:Štampani izvori/978-3-642-00462-9">978-3-642-00462-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.au=Frings%2C+Stephan&rft.aufirst=Werner&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.btitle=Tier-+und+Humanphysiologie.+Eine+Einf%C3%BChrung&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-642-00462-9&rft.place=Heidelberg%2C+Dordrecht%2C+London%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Спољашње_везе"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.99.D0.B0.D1.88.D1.9A.D0.B5_.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.B5"></span>Spoljašnje veze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Uredite odeljak „Spoljašnje veze”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Spoljašnje veze"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="width:23em;float:right;clear:right;font-size:90%;margin-bottom:7px;margin-left:14px;"><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="metadata plainlinks plainlist mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; padding:0.75em; background:#f9f9f9;"> <div style="padding-bottom: 0.75em; text-align: center;">Više informacija o članku<b style="display:block;">Uvo</b>pronađite na <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Vikipedija">Vikipedijinim</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Vikipedija:Bratski projekti"><span id="sister-projects">sestrinskim projektima</span></a>: </div> <ul style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 0.75em;margin:auto 2em auto 2em;"> <div><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ear?uselang=sr">Mediji</a> na Ostavi</span></span></div><div><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/WiktionarySr_-_DP_Derivative.svg/22px-WiktionarySr_-_DP_Derivative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/WiktionarySr_-_DP_Derivative.svg/34px-WiktionarySr_-_DP_Derivative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/WiktionarySr_-_DP_Derivative.svg/45px-WiktionarySr_-_DP_Derivative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://sr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="wikt:Uvo">Definicije</a> iz Vikirečnika</span></span></div><div><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://sr.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="q:Uvo">Citati</a> na Vikicitatu</span></span></div><div><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/srwiki/Уво?uselang=sr">Podaci</a> na Vikipodacima</span></span></div> </ul> </div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3740680.stm">Protein behind hearing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://audilab.bmed.mcgill.ca/~daren/3Dear/3d_ear_homepage.html">3D Ear page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200405142117/http://audilab.bmed.mcgill.ca/~daren/3Dear/3d_ear_homepage.html">Архивирано</a> на сајту <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (5. април 2020)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.entusa.com/external_ear_canal.htm">Details of various ear problems</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424195528/http://www.entusa.com/external_ear_canal.htm">Архивирано</a> на сајту <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (24. април 2021)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rad.usuhs.edu/medpix/master.php3?mode=case_viewer&pt_id=13048&imid=49500&quiz=no#top">Radiology of the Ear Canal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140416075832/http://rad.usuhs.edu/medpix/master.php3?mode=case_viewer&pt_id=13048&imid=49500&quiz=no#top">Архивирано</a> на сајту <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (16. април 2014) from MedPix</li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170814094628/http://biofile.ru/bio/2507.html">„Funkcionirovanie uha čeloveka (sluh)”</a>. Biofaйl. Naučno-informacionnый žurnal. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biofile.ru/bio/2507.html">originala</a> 14. 08. 2017. g<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno <span class="nowrap">2012-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.btitle=%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0+%28%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB.+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiofile.ru%2Fbio%2F2507.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25469611">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24365370">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Чулни_органи_—_Слух" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25469611"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24365379">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-прикажи"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Šablon:Čulo sluha"><abbr title="Pogledajte šablon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">p</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-разговор"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BE_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83:%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Čulo sluha (stranica ne postoji)"><abbr title="Razgovarajte o šablonu" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-уреди"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%83/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Posebno:Uredi stranicu/Šablon:Čulo sluha"><abbr title="Uredite šablon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Чулни_органи_—_Слух" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Čulni organ">Čulni organi</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85" title="Sluh">Sluh</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periferno čulo sluha (stranica ne postoji)">Periferno čulo sluha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Spoljašnje uvo">Spoljašnje uvo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%99%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ušna školjka">Ušna školjka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%9A%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Spoljašnji slušni kanal">Spoljašnji slušni kanal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Srednje uvo">Srednje uvo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Bubna duplja">Bubna duplja</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Središnje strukture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Ovalni prozor">Ovalni prozor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okrugli prozor (stranica ne postoji)">Okrugli prozor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekundarna membrana timpani (stranica ne postoji)">Sekundarna membrana timpani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izbočenje kanala živca lica (stranica ne postoji)">Izbočenje kanala živca lica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%99%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izbočenje bubne duplje (stranica ne postoji)">Izbočenje bubne duplje</a></li></ul></li> <li>Zadnje strukture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mastoidne_%C4%87elije" title="Mastoidne ćelije">Mastoidne ćelije</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%83_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulaz u mastoidni antrum (stranica ne postoji)">Ulaz u mastoidni antrum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D1%80%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vrh piramide (stranica ne postoji)">Vrh piramide</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Slušne koščice">Slušne koščice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ceki%C4%87_(kost)" title="Čekić (kost)">Čekić</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%9A%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%9B%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gornji ligament čekića (stranica ne postoji)">Gornji ligament</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%9A%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%9B%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gornji ligament čekića (stranica ne postoji)">Gornji ligament</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%9B%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prednji ligament čekića (stranica ne postoji)">Prednji ligament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Nakovanj (kost)">Nakovanj</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%9A%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%9A%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gornji ligament nakovnja (stranica ne postoji)">Gornji ligament nakovnja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%9A%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zadnji ligament nakovnja (stranica ne postoji)">Zadnji ligament nakovnja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Uzengija (kost)">Uzengija</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anularni ligament uzengije (stranica ne postoji)">Anularni ligament</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%9B%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%99%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mišići bubne duplje (stranica ne postoji)">Mišići bubne duplje</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%9B_%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Mišić uzengije">Mišić uzengije</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%9B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Mišić zatezač bubne opne">Zatezač bubne opne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Eustahijeva tuba">Eustahijeva tuba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%88%D1%9B%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timpanalno ušće tube (stranica ne postoji)">Timpanalno ušće tube</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Unutrašnje uvo">Unutrašnje uvo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Koštani lavirint">Koštani lavirint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Membranozni lavirint">Membranozni lavirint</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B6_(%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Puž (uvo)">Puž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Vestibulum">Vestibulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81" title="Sakulus">Sakulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81" title="Utrikulus">Utrikulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Statokonije">Statokonije</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Kortijev organ">Kortijev organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Polukružni kanali">Polukružni kanali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Tremno-pužni živac">Tremno-pužni živac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centralno čulo sluha (stranica ne postoji)">Centralno čulo sluha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Мозак" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Mozak">Mozak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kohlearna jedra (stranica ne postoji)">Kohlearna jedra</a> → <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gornje olivarno jedro (stranica ne postoji)">Gornje olivarno jedro</a> → <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolikulus inferior (stranica ne postoji)">Kolikulus inferior</a> → <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medijalno kolenasto telo (stranica ne postoji)">Medijalno kolenasto telo</a> → <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primarni slušni centar (stranica ne postoji)">Primarni slušni centar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25469611"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24365370"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Људска_регионална_анатомија" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25469611"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24365379"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-прикажи"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%89%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Šablon:Ljudska regionalna anatomija"><abbr title="Pogledajte šablon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">p</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-разговор"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BE_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83:%D0%89%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Ljudska regionalna anatomija (stranica ne postoji)"><abbr title="Razgovarajte o šablonu" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-уреди"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%83/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%89%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Posebno:Uredi stranicu/Šablon:Ljudska regionalna anatomija"><abbr title="Uredite šablon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Људска_регионална_анатомија" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ljudska regionalna anatomija</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%89%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ljudska glava (stranica ne postoji)">Glava</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Lice">Lice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Obraz">Obraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Brada">Brada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%89%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ljudsko oko">Oko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%89%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ljudska usta (stranica ne postoji)">Usta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%89%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ljudski nos (stranica ne postoji)">Nos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Čelo">Čelo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Donja vilica">Donja vilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Potiljačna kost">Potiljak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BF" title="Skalp">Skalp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slepoočnica (stranica ne postoji)">Slepoočnica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Vrat">Vrat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Adamova jabučica">Adamova jabučica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grlo" title="Grlo">Grlo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%BE" title="Torzo">Trup</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85" title="Trbuh">Trbuh</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Struk (stranica ne postoji)">Struk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Dijafragma">Dijafragma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Pupak">Pupak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%92%D0%B0" title="Leđa">Leđa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Grudni koš">Grudni koš</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Grudi">Grudi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlica" title="Karlica">Karlica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Polni organ">Polni organi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4_(%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ud (anatomija)">Udovi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%89%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ljudska ruka (stranica ne postoji)">Ruka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Rame">Rame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%85" title="Pazuh">Pazuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Lakat">Lakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Podlaktica">Podlaktica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Ručni zglob">Ručni zglob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Šaka">Šaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Prsti na rukama">Prsti na rukama</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Palac">Palac</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82" title="Kažiprst">Kažiprst</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82" title="Srednji prst">Srednji</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82" title="Domali prst">Domali</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82" title="Mali prst">Mali</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%89%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ljudska noga (stranica ne postoji)">Noga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Zadnjica">Zadnjica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuk (stranica ne postoji)">Kuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Butina">Butina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koleno" title="Koleno">Koljeno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List (noga) (stranica ne postoji)">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Stopalo">Stopalo</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Članak (zglob) (stranica ne postoji)">Članak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Peta (anatomija)">Peta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taban (noga) (stranica ne postoji)">Taban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Prsti na nogama">Prsti na nogama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ostalo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekorše (stranica ne postoji)">Ekorše</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:white"><div><i>Opšta <a href="/wiki/%D0%89%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Ljudsko telo">anatomija</a>: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%89%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Šablon:Ljudski sistemi i organi">sistemi i organi</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%89%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Šablon:Ljudska regionalna anatomija">regionalna anatomija</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Šablon:Anatomske ravni i linije">ravni i linije</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šablon:Površinska osovinska anatomija (stranica ne postoji)">površinska osovinska anatomija</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šablon:Površinska anatomija udova (stranica ne postoji)">površinska anatomija udova</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25469611"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24365370"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25743416">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25743416"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25743416"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25743416"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Нормативна_контрола_text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Уреди_на_Википодацима&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7362#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Уреди_на_Википодацима" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Нормативна_контрола_text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Уреди_на_Википодацима&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7362#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Уреди_на_Википодацима" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%9B:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Pomoć:Normativna kontrola">Normativna kontrola</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7362#identifiers" title="Uredi na Vikipodacima"><img alt="Uredi na Vikipodacima" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Državne</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Oreille"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119755257">Francuska</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Oreille"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119755257">BnF podaci</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4133604-5">Nemačka</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007567951205171">Izrael</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ear"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85040383">Sjedinjene Države</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567653">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="uši"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph195806&CON_LNG=ENG">Češka</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ostale</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url/?p=1323&url_prefix=https:%2F%2Fwww.unifr.ch%2Fifaa%2FPublic%2FEntryPage%2FTA98%20Tree%2FEntity%20TA98%20EN%2F&url_suffix=%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm&id=A01.1.00.005">Terminologia Anatomica</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url/?p=1323&url_prefix=https:%2F%2Fwww.unifr.ch%2Fifaa%2FPublic%2FEntryPage%2FTA98%20Tree%2FEntity%20TA98%20EN%2F&url_suffix=%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm&id=A15.3.00.001">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr">Preuzeto iz „<a dir="ltr" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Уво&oldid=28439903">https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Уво&oldid=28439903</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Посебно:Категорије">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Категорија:Уво">Uvo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Категорија:Глава и врат">Glava i vrat</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Sakrivene kategorije: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:Cite_journal" title="Категорија:Cite journal">Cite journal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:Harv_and_Sfn_no-target_errors" title="Категорија:Harv and Sfn no-target errors">Harv and Sfn no-target errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:Cite_book" title="Категорија:Cite book">Cite book</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:Anatomy_infobox_template_using_unsupported_parameters" title="Категорија:Anatomy infobox template using unsupported parameters">Anatomy infobox template using unsupported parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B8_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%83_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%9B%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%83" title="Категорија:Чланци са шаблонима хутнота који циљају непостојећу страницу">Članci sa šablonima hutnota koji ciljaju nepostojeću stranicu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83_%E2%80%94_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Категорија:Чланци који садрже текст на језику — латински">Članci koji sadrže tekst na jeziku — latinski</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Категорија:Шаблон:Умањено">Šablon:Umanjeno</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0_BNF_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:Чланци са BNF идентификаторима">Članci sa BNF identifikatorima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0_BNFdata_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:Чланци са BNFdata идентификаторима">Članci sa BNFdata identifikatorima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0_GND_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:Чланци са GND идентификаторима">Članci sa GND identifikatorima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0_J9U_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:Чланци са J9U идентификаторима">Članci sa J9U identifikatorima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0_LCCN_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:Чланци са LCCN идентификаторима">Članci sa LCCN identifikatorima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0_NDL_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:Чланци са NDL идентификаторима">Članci sa NDL identifikatorima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0_NKC_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:Чланци са NKC идентификаторима">Članci sa NKC identifikatorima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0_TA98_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:Чланци са TA98 идентификаторима">Članci sa TA98 identifikatorima</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="sr-Latn" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Datum i vreme poslednje izmene stranice: 13. septembar 2024. u 22:37.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons Autorstvo—Deliti pod istim uslovima</a>; mogući su i dodatni uslovi. Pogledajte <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Terms_of_Use">uslove korišćenja</a> za detalje.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Politika privatnosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9E_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0">O Vikipediji</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9E%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8">Odricanje odgovornosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodeks ponašanja</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Za programere</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sr.wikipedia.org">Statistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Izjava o kolačićima</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sr.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE&variant=sr-el&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilni prikaz</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-6ng6l","wgBackendResponseTime":199,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.708","walltime":"0.916","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4221,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":131304,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13246,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":52,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":38317,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 777.478 1 -total"," 40.86% 317.669 50 Шаблон:Replace"," 22.29% 173.286 1 Шаблон:Reflist"," 19.72% 153.320 1 Шаблон:Infobox_Anatomy"," 18.12% 140.915 1 Шаблон:Infobox"," 16.73% 130.049 1 Шаблон:Јез-лат"," 15.18% 118.019 1 Шаблон:Lang"," 14.14% 109.946 6 Шаблон:Navbox"," 12.85% 99.924 15 Шаблон:Cite_book"," 10.49% 81.544 1 Шаблон:Чуло_слуха"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.436","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19947280,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFDrakeVoglTibbittsW.M._Mitchell2005\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGilleOhr2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuytonHall1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeldmeierNeuweiler2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchellRichard_L._Drake,_Wayne_Vogl2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMooreDalleyAgur2013\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMüllerFrings2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPierce1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFProbstGreversIro\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPurves2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStandring2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFБатуев2010\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 3,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox Anatomy\"] = 1,\n [\"Page\"] = 2,\n [\"Page2\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Wayback\"] = 3,\n [\"Јез-лат\"] = 1,\n [\"Људска регионална анатомија\"] = 1,\n [\"Главни чланак\"] = 2,\n [\"Други пројекти\"] = 1,\n [\"Литература\"] = 1,\n [\"Литература крај\"] = 1,\n [\"Нормативна контрола\"] = 1,\n [\"Чуло слуха\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5d5b5d56db-x9wh5","timestamp":"20241128064145","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0423\u0432\u043e","url":"https:\/\/sr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7362","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7362","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Saradnici projekata Vikimedije"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-04-12T15:45:16Z","dateModified":"2024-09-13T21:37:26Z"}</script> </body> </html>