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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="QHIJfuVKQixzvBdsL3ZPsvVk7PL9WNtvCkFZ4JA_LAFeTrN92ecOWwjWHZTn-Lnaa0d6VZMlywnFhuRDvLMQ-w" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="The female bodybuilder as a gender outlaw" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2009" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Chris Shilling" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Tanya Bunsell" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="1" /> <meta name="citation_issue" content="2" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="141-159" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1939-8441" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/258766/The_female_body_builder_as_a_gender_outlaw" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The female body builder as a gender outlaw" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="This paper is a sociological exploration of the female bodybuilder as a ‘cultural criminal’, a figure who is criminalized not because she has broken a formal law, but because she has disregarded so flagrantly people’s sense of what is aesthetically," /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/4514490/16259885/19902886/s200_tanya.bunsell.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/258766/The_female_body_builder_as_a_gender_outlaw" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The female body builder as a gender outlaw" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="This paper is a sociological exploration of the female bodybuilder as a ‘cultural criminal’, a figure who is criminalized not because she has broken a formal law, but because she has disregarded so flagrantly people’s sense of what is aesthetically," /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://stmarystwickenham.academia.edu/TanyaBunsell" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://kent.academia.edu/ChrisShilling" /> <meta name="description" content="This paper is a sociological exploration of the female bodybuilder as a ‘cultural criminal’, a figure who is criminalized not because she has broken a formal law, but because she has disregarded so flagrantly people’s sense of what is aesthetically," /> <title>(PDF) The female body builder as a gender outlaw</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/258766/The_female_body_builder_as_a_gender_outlaw" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'dc2ad41da5d7ea682babd20f90650302fb0a3a36'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739719751000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739719751000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"This paper is a sociological exploration of the female bodybuilder as a ‘cultural criminal’, a figure who is criminalized not because she has broken a formal law, but because she has disregarded so flagrantly people’s sense of what is aesthetically, kinesthetically and phenomenologically acceptable within the gendered order of social interaction (Goffman, 1983). Illustrating our argument with reference to a two-year study of British female bodybuilders, we begin by explicating the contours of this cultural criminality – associating it with multiple transgressions of deviant choice, aesthetics, action / experience, and consumption – and explore the costs accruing to, and the sentences served by, these stigmatized women. In the second half of the paper, we attend to the motivations and experiences of female bodybuilders themselves in explaining why they remain engaged in an activity rendered perverse by dominant cultural norms. Exploring their commitment to an interaction order based upon muscle rather than gender, our conclusion suggests these women offend the most fundamental ‘collective sentiments’, possessing no authorized place in the cultural consciousness of society (Durkheim, 1984).","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Tanya Bunsell","url":"https://stmarystwickenham.academia.edu/TanyaBunsell"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Chris Shilling","url":"https://kent.academia.edu/ChrisShilling"}],"contributor":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Tanya Bunsell","url":"https://stmarystwickenham.academia.edu/TanyaBunsell"}],"dateCreated":"2010-07-08","dateModified":"2016-04-15","headline":"The female body builder as a gender outlaw","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32357512/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Embodiment","Culture","Body","Deviance","Body Building","Female Body 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{"work":{"id":258766,"created_at":"2010-07-08T04:10:42.840-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-17T13:03:11.355-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"This paper is a sociological exploration of the female bodybuilder as a ‘cultural criminal’, a figure who is criminalized not because she has broken a formal law, but because she has disregarded so flagrantly people’s sense of what is aesthetically, kinesthetically and phenomenologically acceptable within the gendered order of social interaction (Goffman, 1983). Illustrating our argument with reference to a two-year study of British female bodybuilders, we begin by explicating the contours of this cultural criminality – associating it with multiple transgressions of deviant choice, aesthetics, action / experience, and consumption – and explore the costs accruing to, and the sentences served by, these stigmatized women. In the second half of the paper, we attend to the motivations and experiences of female bodybuilders themselves in explaining why they remain engaged in an activity rendered perverse by dominant cultural norms. Exploring their commitment to an interaction order based upon muscle rather than gender, our conclusion suggests these women offend the most fundamental ‘collective sentiments’, possessing no authorized place in the cultural consciousness of society (Durkheim, 1984). ","more_info":"Published 2009 in Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise. 1(2): pp.141-159. Co-authored with Tanya Bunsell. "},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":0,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The female body builder as a gender outlaw","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [4514490,149103]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card ds-work-card--no-bottom-spacing"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":32357512,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The female body builder as a gender outlaw”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/32357512/mini_magick20190425-1368-4bkbi6.png?1556229816" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The female body builder as a gender outlaw</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4514490" href="https://stmarystwickenham.academia.edu/TanyaBunsell"><img alt="Profile image of Tanya Bunsell" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/4514490/16259885/19902886/s65_tanya.bunsell.jpg" />Tanya Bunsell</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="149103" href="https://kent.academia.edu/ChrisShilling"><img alt="Profile image of Chris Shilling" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/149103/39374/35428305/s65_chris.shilling.jpeg" />Chris Shilling</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">20 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 258766; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This paper is a sociological exploration of the female bodybuilder as a ‘cultural criminal’, a figure who is criminalized not because she has broken a formal law, but because she has disregarded so flagrantly people’s sense of what is aesthetically, kinesthetically and phenomenologically acceptable within the gendered order of social interaction (Goffman, 1983). Illustrating our argument with reference to a two-year study of British female bodybuilders, we begin by explicating the contours of this cultural criminality – associating it with multiple transgressions of deviant choice, aesthetics, action / experience, and consumption – and explore the costs accruing to, and the sentences served by, these stigmatized women. In the second half of the paper, we attend to the motivations and experiences of female bodybuilders themselves in explaining why they remain engaged in an activity rendered perverse by dominant cultural norms. Exploring their commitment to an interaction order based upon muscle rather than gender, our conclusion suggests these women offend the most fundamental ‘collective sentiments’, possessing no authorized place in the cultural consciousness of society (Durkheim, 1984). </p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":32357512,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/258766/The_female_body_builder_as_a_gender_outlaw"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":32357512,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/258766/The_female_body_builder_as_a_gender_outlaw"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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