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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ดูเพิ่ม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ดูเพิ่ม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ดูเพิ่ม</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ดูเพิ่ม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">อาณาจักร (ชีววิทยา)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 119 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">119 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koninkryk_(biologie)" title="Koninkryk (biologie) – แอฟริกานส์" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koninkryk (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="แอฟริกานส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(bioloch%C3%ADa)" title="Reino (biolochía) – อารากอน" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Reino (biolochía)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="อารากอน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81)" title="مملكة (تصنيف) – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مملكة (تصنيف)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_(%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="مملكة (بيولوجيا) – อาหรับโมร็อกโก" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مملكة (بيولوجيا)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="อาหรับโมร็อกโก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="ৰাজ্য (জীৱবিজ্ঞান) – อัสสัม" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰাজ্য (জীৱবিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="อัสสัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinu_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Reinu (bioloxía) – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Reinu (bioloxía)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_(%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C)" title="عالم (بیولوژی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عالم (بیولوژی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Батшалыҡ (биология) – บัชคีร์" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Батшалыҡ (биология)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="บัชคีร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reich_(Biologie)" title="Reich (Biologie) – บาวาเรีย" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Reich (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="บาวาเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahadean_(biyolohiya)" title="Kahadean (biyolohiya) – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kahadean (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Царства (біялогія) – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Царства (біялогія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Царства (біялёгія) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Царства (біялёгія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_(%C3%A8lmu_hayat)" title="Kerajaan (èlmu hayat) – เบตาวี" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kerajaan (èlmu hayat)" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="เบตาวี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="जगत (जीव बिज्ञान) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जगत (जीव बिज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ) – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8E_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE)" title="জগৎ (জীববিদ্যা) – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জগৎ (জীববিদ্যা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riezad" title="Riezad – เบรตัน" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Riezad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="เบรตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carstvo_(biologija)" title="Carstvo (biologija) – บอสเนีย" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Carstvo (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="บอสเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regne_(biologia)" title="Regne (biologia) – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regne (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98%C3%AD%C5%A1e_(biologie)" title="Říše (biologie) – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Říše (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Патшалăх (биологи) – ชูวัช" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Патшалăх (биологи)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ชูวัช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teyrnas_(bioleg)" title="Teyrnas (bioleg) – เวลส์" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Teyrnas (bioleg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="เวลส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rige_(biologi)" title="Rige (biologi) – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rige (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reich_(Biologie)" title="Reich (Biologie) – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reich (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF_(%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Βασίλειο (βιολογία) – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασίλειο (βιολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology) – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kingdom (biology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(biologio)" title="Regno (biologio) – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Regno (biologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Reino (biología) – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reino (biología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riik_(bioloogia)" title="Riik (bioloogia) – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Riik (bioloogia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erreinu_(biologia)" title="Erreinu (biologia) – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erreinu (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9inu_(biologia)" title="Réinu (biologia) – เอกซ์เตรมาดูรา" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Réinu (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="เอกซ์เตรมาดูรา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88" title="فرمانرو – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرمانرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunta_(biologia)" title="Kunta (biologia) – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kunta (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8gne_(biologie)" title="Règne (biologie) – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Règne (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryk_(taksonomy)" title="Ryk (taksonomy) – ฟริเซียนตะวันตก" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ryk (taksonomy)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ฟริเซียนตะวันตก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADocht_(bitheola%C3%ADocht)" title="Ríocht (bitheolaíocht) – ไอริช" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ríocht (bitheolaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ไอริช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Reino (bioloxía) – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Reino (bioloxía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavet%C3%A3_(tekovekuaaty)" title="Tavetã (tekovekuaaty) – กัวรานี" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tavetã (tekovekuaaty)" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="กัวรานี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reeriaght_(bea-oaylleeaght)" title="Reeriaght (bea-oaylleeaght) – มานซ์" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Reeriaght (bea-oaylleeaght)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="มานซ์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="ממלכה (טקסונומיה) – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממלכה (טקסונומיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="जगत (जीवविज्ञान) – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जगत (जीवविज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carstvo_(taksonomija)" title="Carstvo (taksonomija) – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Carstvo (taksonomija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sw%C4%9Bt_(biologija)" title="Swět (biologija) – ซอร์เบียตอนบน" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Swět (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ซอร์เบียตอนบน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8y_(biyoloji)" title="Rèy (biyoloji) – เฮติครีโอล" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Rèy (biyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="เฮติครีโอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsz%C3%A1g_(rendszertan)" title="Ország (rendszertan) – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ország (rendszertan)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Թագավորություն (կենսաբանություն) – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թագավորություն (կենսաբանություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(rango_taxonomic)" title="Regno (rango taxonomic) – อินเตอร์ลิงกัว" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Regno (rango taxonomic)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="อินเตอร์ลิงกัว" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_(biologi)" title="Kerajaan (biologi) – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerajaan (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagarian_(biolohia)" title="Pagarian (biolohia) – อีโลโก" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagarian (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="อีโลโก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคุณภาพ"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADki_(flokkunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Ríki (flokkunarfræði) – ไอซ์แลนด์" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ríki (flokkunarfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ไอซ์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(biologia)" title="Regno (biologia) – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regno (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%8C_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="界 (分類学) – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="界 (分類学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krajan_(biologi)" title="Krajan (biologi) – ชวา" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Krajan (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagelda_(tasnudert)" title="Tagelda (tasnudert) – กาไบล" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tagelda (tasnudert)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="กาไบล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%84_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="계 (생물학) – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="계 (생물학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%84%D8%B1%D9%B2%D8%B2%D8%A0" title="سۄرٲزؠ – แคชเมียร์" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سۄرٲزؠ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="แคชเมียร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_(taxinomia)" title="Regnum (taxinomia) – ละติน" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Regnum (taxinomia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ละติน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A4ich_(Biologie)" title="Räich (Biologie) – ลักเซมเบิร์ก" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Räich (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ลักเซมเบิร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rena_(biolojia)" title="Rena (biolojia) – ลิงกัวฟรังกาโนวา" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rena (biolojia)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="ลิงกัวฟรังกาโนวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_(taxonomie)" title="Riek (taxonomie) – ลิมเบิร์ก" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Riek (taxonomie)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ลิมเบิร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karalyst%C4%97_(biologija)" title="Karalystė (biologija) – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karalystė (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valsts_(biolo%C4%A3ija)" title="Valsts (bioloģija) – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Valsts (bioloģija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%88_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9)" title="Кугыжаныш (биологий) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кугыжаныш (биологий)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%82" title="കിങ്ഡം – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കിങ്ഡം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0)" title="साम्राज्य (जीवशास्त्र) – มราฐี" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="साम्राज्य (जीवशास्त्र)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="มราฐี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alam_(biologi)" title="Alam (biologi) – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alam (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renju_(bijolo%C4%A1ija)" title="Renju (bijoloġija) – มอลตา" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Renju (bijoloġija)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="มอลตา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ) – พม่า" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="พม่า" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(biologgia)" title="Regno (biologgia) – นาโปลี" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Regno (biologgia)" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="นาโปลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijk_(biologie)" title="Rijk (biologie) – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rijk (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologisk_rike" title="Biologisk rike – นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Biologisk rike" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rike_(biologi)" title="Rike (biologi) – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rike (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8gne_(biologia)" title="Règne (biologia) – อ็อกซิตัน" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Règne (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="อ็อกซิตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F_(%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8)" title="ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ (ଜୀବବିଜ୍ଞାନ) – โอดิยา" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ (ଜୀବବିଜ୍ଞାନ)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="โอดิยา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Паддзахад (биологи) – ออสเซเตีย" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Паддзахад (биологи)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ออสเซเตีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A4_(%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5-%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8)" title="ਜਗਤ (ਜੀਵ-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ) – ปัญจาบ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਗਤ (ਜੀਵ-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ปัญจาบ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarian_(biolohia)" title="Kaarian (biolohia) – ปัมปังกา" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kaarian (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="ปัมปังกา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(biologia)" title="Reino (biologia) – ปาเปียเมนโต" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Reino (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="ปาเปียเมนโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lestwo_(biologia)" title="Królestwo (biologia) – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Królestwo (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3_(%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AA)" title="دیس (جیون پڑھت) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دیس (جیون پڑھت)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(biologia)" title="Reino (biologia) – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reino (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikch%27aq_suyu" title="Rikch'aq suyu – เคชวา" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rikch'aq suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="เคชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regn" title="Regn – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regn" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Царство (биология) – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Царство (биология)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Царьство (біолоґія) – รูซิน" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Царьство (біолоґія)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="รูซิน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Саарыстыба (биология) – ซาคา" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Саарыстыба (биология)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ซาคา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnu_(biolugg%C3%ACa)" title="Regnu (bioluggìa) – ซิซิลี" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Regnu (bioluggìa)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ซิซิลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carstvo_(taksonomija)" title="Carstvo (taksonomija) – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Carstvo (taksonomija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnsartut_(Tasartut_tussnant)" title="Tasnsartut (Tasartut tussnant) – ทาเชลีห์ท" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasnsartut (Tasartut tussnant)" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ทาเชลีห์ท" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)" title="රාජධානිය (ජීව විද්‍යාව) – สิงหล" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රාජධානිය (ජීව විද්‍යාව)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="สิงหล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kingdom (biology)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AD%C5%A1a_(taxon%C3%B3mia)" title="Ríša (taxonómia) – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ríša (taxonómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljestvo_(biologija)" title="Kraljestvo (biologija) – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kraljestvo (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boqortooyo_(biyoloji)" title="Boqortooyo (biyoloji) – โซมาลี" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Boqortooyo (biyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="โซมาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbret%C3%ABria_(biologji)" title="Mbretëria (biologji) – แอลเบเนีย" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mbretëria (biologji)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="แอลเบเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Царство (биологија) – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Царство (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rike_(biologi)" title="Rike (biologi) – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rike (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himaya_(biolojia)" title="Himaya (biolojia) – สวาฮีลี" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Himaya (biolojia)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="สวาฮีลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C5%8Dlestwo_(biologij%C5%8F)" title="Krōlestwo (biologijŏ) – ไซลีเซีย" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Krōlestwo (biologijŏ)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="ไซลีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="திணை (உயிரியல்) – ทมิฬ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திணை (உயிரியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ทมิฬ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3)" title="Силсила (зистшиносӣ) – ทาจิก" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Силсила (зистшиносӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ทาจิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ealyk_(biologi%C3%BDa)" title="Şalyk (biologiýa) – เติร์กเมน" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Şalyk (biologiýa)" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="เติร์กเมน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaharian_(biyolohiya)" title="Kaharian (biyolohiya) – ตากาล็อก" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kaharian (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ตากาล็อก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82lem_(biyoloji)" title="Âlem (biyoloji) – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Âlem (biyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Патшалык (биология) – ตาตาร์" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Патшалык (биология)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ตาตาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Царство (біологія) – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Царство (біологія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA_(%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="مملکت (حیاتیات) – อูรดู" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مملکت (حیاتیات)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="อูรดู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunyo_(biologiya)" title="Dunyo (biologiya) – อุซเบก" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dunyo (biologiya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="อุซเบก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(tasonomia)" title="Regno (tasonomia) – เวเนโต้" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Regno (tasonomia)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="เวเนโต้" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Giới (sinh học) – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giới (sinh học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryk_(biologie)" title="Ryk (biologie) – เฟลมิชตะวันตก" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ryk (biologie)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="เฟลมิชตะวันตก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringne_(biyolodjeye)" title="Ringne (biyolodjeye) – วอลลูน" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ringne (biyolodjeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="วอลลูน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_(biyolohiya)" title="Regnum (biyolohiya) – วาเรย์" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Regnum (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="วาเรย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%8C%EF%BC%88%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%EF%BC%89" title="界（生物） – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="界（生物）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_(biologie)" title="Riek (biologie) – เซแลนด์" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Riek (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="เซแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%8C_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" title="界 (生物) – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="界 (生物)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0i_(hun-l%C5%ABi-ha%CC%8Dk)" title="Kài (hun-lūi-ha̍k) – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kài (hun-lūi-ha̍k)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%8C" title="界 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="界" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbuso_(kumchazampilo)" title="Umbuso (kumchazampilo) – ซูลู" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umbuso (kumchazampilo)" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="ซูลู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36732#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><div class="tright" style="border-color: #F8FCFF;"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:158px;"> <figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Biological_classification_L_Pengo-th.svg" title="The various levels of the scientific classification system."><img alt="The various levels of the scientific classification system." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Biological_classification_L_Pengo-th.svg/150px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo-th.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="385" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Biological_classification_L_Pengo-th.svg/225px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo-th.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Biological_classification_L_Pengo-th.svg/300px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo-th.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="590" usemap="#ImageMap_ab4ac14685112228" /></a><map name="ImageMap_ab4ac14685112228"><area href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" shape="rect" coords="65,18,147,44" alt="สปีชีส์" title="สปีชีส์" /><area href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" shape="rect" coords="65,59,147,86" alt="สกุล" title="สกุล" /><area href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" shape="rect" coords="65,100,147,128" alt="วงศ์" title="วงศ์" /><area href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" shape="rect" coords="65,142,147,169" alt="อันดับ" title="อันดับ" /><area href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" shape="rect" coords="65,183,147,210" alt="ชั้น" title="ชั้น" /><area href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" shape="rect" coords="65,224,111,252" alt="ไฟลัม" title="ไฟลัม" /><area href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" shape="rect" coords="111,224,147,252" alt="ส่วน" title="ส่วน" /><area href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" shape="rect" coords="65,266,147,293" alt="อาณาจักร" title="อาณาจักร" /><area href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" shape="rect" coords="65,307,147,335" alt="โดเมน" title="โดเมน" /><area href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" shape="rect" coords="65,348,147,376" alt="ชีวิต" title="ชีวิต" /></map><figcaption>The various levels of the scientific classification system.</figcaption></figure> <hr /> <div class="thumbcaption"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Biological_classification_L_Pengo-th.svg" title="ขยาย"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Magnify-clip.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="11" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>แปดลำดับขั้นสำคัญ ๆ ของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="การจำแนกชั้นทางวิทยาศาสตร์">การจำแนกชั้นทางวิทยาศาสตร์</a> ในหนึ่ง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" title="โดเมน (ชีววิทยา)">โดเมน</a>ประกอบด้วยหนึ่งอาณาจักรขึ้นไป ตามแผนภาพไม่ได้แสดงลำดับขั้นที่อยู่อื่น ๆ ที่อยู่ระหว่างนี้</div></div></div> <p>ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="ชีววิทยา">ชีววิทยา</a>, <b>อาณาจักร</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">kingdom</span>, <a href="/wiki/Latin" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin">ละติน</a>: <i>regnum</i>, พหูพจน์ <i>regna</i>) เป็น<a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxonomic_rank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxonomic rank (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การจำแนกชั้นทางวิทยาศาสตร์</a>ระดับใหญ่ที่สุดอันดับที่สองของสิ่งมีชีวิต อาณาจักรแบ่งย่อยต่อไปได้อีกเป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="ไฟลัม">ไฟลัม</a> ในหนังสือแบบเรียนชีววิทยาดั้งเดิมใช้ระบบหกอาณาจักร (<a href="/wiki/Animalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Animalia">Animalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plantae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantae">Plantae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">Fungi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protista" class="mw-redirect" title="Protista">Protista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaea">Archaea</a>/Archaebacteria, และ <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a>/Eubacteria) หรือระบบห้าอาณาจักร (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista and Monera) ในปัจจุบัน การจำแนกชั้นโดยอาศัย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="แคลดิสติกส์">แคลดิสติกส์</a>เลี่ยงไม่ใช้คำว่า <i>อาณาจักร</i> เนื่องจากการจัดระบบอาณาจักรแบบดั้งเดิมไม่ใช่การจัดระบบแบบ<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monophylyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monophylyl (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">มาจากชาติพันธุ์เดียว</a> (not monophyletic) </p><p><br /> </p> <table style="margin-left: 0.5em; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a><br />1735<sup id="cite_ref-Linnaeus1735_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linnaeus1735-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Haeckel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Haeckel (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Haeckel</a><br />1866<sup id="cite_ref-Haeckel_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haeckel-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89douard_Chatton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Édouard Chatton (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Chatton</a><br />1925<sup id="cite_ref-Chatton1925_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatton1925-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chatton_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Copeland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Copeland (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Copeland</a><br />1938<sup id="cite_ref-Copeland1938_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Copeland1938-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Copeland1956_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Copeland1956-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Whittaker_(ecologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Whittaker (ecologist) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Whittaker</a><br />1969<sup id="cite_ref-Whittaker1969_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whittaker1969-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Woese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Woese (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Woese</a> <i>et al</i>.<br />1977<sup id="cite_ref-Woese1977_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woese1977-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Woese1977b_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woese1977b-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;">Woese <i>et al.</i><br />1990<sup id="cite_ref-Woese1990_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woese1990-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cavalier-Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Cavalier-Smith</a><br />1993<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;">Cavalier-Smith<br />1998<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CavalierSmith2004_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CavalierSmith2004-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid20031978_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid20031978-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;">Ruggiero <i>et al</i>.<br />2015<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two-empire_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Two-empire system (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">2 empires</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two-empire_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Two-empire system (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">2 empires</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two-empire_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Two-empire system (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">2 empires</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two-empire_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Two-empire system (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">2 empires</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three-domain_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Three-domain system (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">3 domains</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;">3 superkingdoms </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two-empire_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Two-empire system (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">2 empires</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two-empire_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Two-empire system (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">2 superkingdoms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;">2 kingdoms </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;">3 kingdoms </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)#Four_kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom (biology)">4 kingdoms</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)#Five_kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom (biology)">5 kingdoms</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)#Six_kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom (biology)">6 kingdoms</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)#Eight_kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom (biology)">8 kingdoms</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)#Six_kingdoms_(1998)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom (biology)">6 kingdoms</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)#Seven_kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom (biology)">7 kingdoms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; padding-left: 4px;">— </td> <td rowspan="5" style="background-color:khaki; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Protist" class="mw-redirect" title="Protist">Protista</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Prokaryota" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokaryota">Prokaryota</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Monera" class="mw-redirect" title="Monera">Monera</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Monera" class="mw-redirect" title="Monera">Monera</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgrey; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Eubacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Eubacteria">Eubacteria</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgrey; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Bacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgrey; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Eubacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Eubacteria">Eubacteria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Bacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgrey; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Bacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:darkgray; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Archaebacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaebacteria">Archaebacteria</a> </td> <td style="background-color:darkgray; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Archaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaea">Archaea</a> </td> <td style="background-color:darkgray; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Archaebacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaebacteria">Archaebacteria</a> </td> <td style="background-color:darkgray; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Archaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaea">Archaea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6" style="background-color:#e0d0b0; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:khaki; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Protista" class="mw-redirect" title="Protista">Protista</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:khaki; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Protist" class="mw-redirect" title="Protist">Protista</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:khaki; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Protist" class="mw-redirect" title="Protist">Protista</a> </td> <td rowspan="6" style="background-color:#e0d0b0; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukaryote">Eucarya</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:PeachPuff; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archezoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archezoa (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Archezoa</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:khaki; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Protozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Protozoa">Protozoa</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:khaki; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Protozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Protozoa">Protozoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:khaki; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Protozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Protozoa">Protozoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:burlywood; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromista (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Chromista</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:burlywood; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromista (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Chromista</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:burlywood; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromista (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Chromista</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:lightgreen; padding-left: 4px;"><a href="/wiki/Vegetabilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetabilia">Vegetabilia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:lightgreen; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:lightgreen; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:lightblue; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Fungus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungus">Fungi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightblue; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Fungus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungus">Fungi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightblue; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Fungus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungus">Fungi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightblue; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Fungus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungus">Fungi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightblue; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Fungus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungus">Fungi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:pink; padding-left: 4px;"><a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td> <td style="background-color:pink; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td> <td style="background-color:pink; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td> <td style="background-color:pink; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td> <td style="background-color:pink; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td> <td style="background-color:pink; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td> <td style="background-color:pink; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td> <td style="background-color:pink; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ดูเพิ่ม"><span id=".E0.B8.94.E0.B8.B9.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.B4.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.A1"></span>ดูเพิ่ม</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ดูเพิ่ม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="การจำแนกชั้นทางวิทยาศาสตร์">การจำแนกชั้นทางวิทยาศาสตร์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="อนุกรมวิธาน">อนุกรมวิธาน</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="ชีววิทยา">ชีววิทยา</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ชีวิตก่อนประวัติศาสตร์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชีวิตก่อนประวัติศาสตร์</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ชีวิตเทียม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชีวิตเทียม</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="แบคทีเรีย">แบคทีเรีย</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%8A" title="พืช">พืช</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="โพรทิสตา">โพรทิสตา</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="มอเนอรา">มอเนอรา</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="วัฏจักรชีวิต (ชีววิทยา) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">วัฏจักรชีวิต (ชีววิทยา)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C" title="สัตว์">สัตว์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" title="สิ่งมีชีวิต">สิ่งมีชีวิต</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="เห็ดรา">เห็ดรา</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แหล่งกำเนิดชีวิต (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แหล่งกำเนิดชีวิต</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Linnaeus1735-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Linnaeus1735_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation 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C.</a> (1735). <i>Systemae Naturae, sive regna tria naturae, systematics proposita per classes, ordines, genera & species</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systemae+Naturae%2C+sive+regna+tria+naturae%2C+systematics+proposita+per+classes%2C+ordines%2C+genera+%26+species&rft.date=1735&rft.aulast=Linnaeus&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haeckel-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Haeckel_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFHaeckel1866" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Haeckel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Haeckel 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Reimer, Berlin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generelle+Morphologie+der+Organismen&rft.pub=Reimer%2C+Berlin&rft.date=1866&rft.aulast=Haeckel&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chatton1925-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Chatton1925_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFChatton1925" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89douard_Chatton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Édouard Chatton (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Chatton, É.</a> (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k55415433/f8">"<i>Pansporella perplexa</i>. Réflexions sur la biologie et la phylogénie des protozoaires"</a>. <i>Annales des Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie Animale</i>. 10-VIII: 5–84.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annales+des+Sciences+Naturelles+-+Zoologie+et+Biologie+Animale&rft.atitle=Pansporella+perplexa.+R%C3%A9flexions+sur+la+biologie+et+la+phylog%C3%A9nie+des+protozoaires&rft.volume=10-VIII&rft.pages=5-84&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Chatton&rft.aufirst=%C3%89.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k55415433%2Ff8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chatton-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Chatton_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFChatton1937" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89douard_Chatton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Édouard Chatton (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Chatton, É.</a> (1937). <i>Titres et Travaux Scientifiques (1906–1937)</i>. E. Sottano, Sète, France.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Titres+et+Travaux+Scientifiques+%281906%E2%80%931937%29&rft.pub=E.+Sottano%2C+S%C3%A8te%2C+France&rft.date=1937&rft.aulast=Chatton&rft.aufirst=%C3%89.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Copeland1938-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Copeland1938_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFCopeland1938" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Copeland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Copeland (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Copeland, H.F.</a> (1938). "The kingdoms of organisms". <i>Quarterly Review of Biology</i>. <b>13</b> (4): 383–420. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F394568">10.1086/394568</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84634277">84634277</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Review+of+Biology&rft.atitle=The+kingdoms+of+organisms&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=383-420&rft.date=1938&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F394568&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A84634277%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Copeland&rft.aufirst=H.F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Copeland1956-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Copeland1956_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFCopeland1956" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Copeland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Copeland (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Copeland, H.F.</a> (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/classificationof00cope#page/6/mode/2up"><i>The Classification of Lower Organisms</i></a>. Palo Alto: Pacific Books. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5962%2Fbhl.title.4474">10.5962/bhl.title.4474</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Classification+of+Lower+Organisms&rft.place=Palo+Alto&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Pacific+Books&rft.date=1956&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5962%2Fbhl.title.4474&rft.aulast=Copeland&rft.aufirst=H.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fclassificationof00cope%23page%2F6%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whittaker1969-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Whittaker1969_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFWhittaker1969" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Whittaker_(ecologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Whittaker (ecologist) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Whittaker, R.H.</a> (January 1969). "New concepts of kingdoms of organisms". <i>Science</i>. <b>163</b> (3863): 150–160. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969Sci...163..150W">1969Sci...163..150W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.163.3863.150">10.1126/science.163.3863.150</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5762760">5762760</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=New+concepts+of+kingdoms+of+organisms&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=3863&rft.pages=150-160&rft.date=1969-01&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5762760&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.163.3863.150&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1969Sci...163..150W&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=R.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woese1977-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Woese1977_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFWoeseBalchMagrumFox1977" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Woese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Woese (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Woese, C.R.</a>; Balch, W.E.; Magrum, L.J.; Fox, G.E.; Wolfe, R.S. (August 1977). "An ancient divergence among the bacteria". <i>Journal of Molecular Evolution</i>. <b>9</b> (4): 305–311. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977JMolE...9..305B">1977JMolE...9..305B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01796092">10.1007/BF01796092</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/408502">408502</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27788891">27788891</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Evolution&rft.atitle=An+ancient+divergence+among+the+bacteria&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=305-311&rft.date=1977-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01796092&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A27788891%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F408502&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1977JMolE...9..305B&rft.aulast=Woese&rft.aufirst=C.R.&rft.au=Balch%2C+W.E.&rft.au=Magrum%2C+L.J.&rft.au=Fox%2C+G.E.&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+R.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woese1977b-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Woese1977b_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFWoeseFox1977" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Woese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Woese (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Woese, C.R.</a>; Fox, G.E. (November 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC432104">"Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>74</b> (11): 5088–5090. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977PNAS...74.5088W">1977PNAS...74.5088W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="เข้าถึงได้ฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.74.11.5088">10.1073/pnas.74.11.5088</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="เข้าถึงได้ฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC432104">432104</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/270744">270744</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+structure+of+the+prokaryotic+domain%3A+the+primary+kingdoms&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=5088-5090&rft.date=1977-11&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC432104%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F270744&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.74.11.5088&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1977PNAS...74.5088W&rft.aulast=Woese&rft.aufirst=C.R.&rft.au=Fox%2C+G.E.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC432104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woese1990-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Woese1990_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFWoeseKandlerWheelis1990" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Woese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Woese (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Woese, C.</a>; Kandler, O.; Wheelis, M. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC54159">"Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>87</b> (12): 4576–4579. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990PNAS...87.4576W">1990PNAS...87.4576W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="เข้าถึงได้ฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.87.12.4576">10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="เข้าถึงได้ฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC54159">54159</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2112744">2112744</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Towards+a+natural+system+of+organisms%3A+proposal+for+the+domains+Archaea%2C+Bacteria%2C+and+Eucarya.&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=4576-4579&rft.date=1990&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC54159%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2112744&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.87.12.4576&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1990PNAS...87.4576W&rft.aulast=Woese&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Kandler%2C+O.&rft.au=Wheelis%2C+M.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC54159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFCavalier-Smith1981" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cavalier-Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Cavalier-Smith, T.</a> (1981). "Eukaryote kingdoms: Seven or nine?". <i>Bio Systems</i>. <b>14</b> (3–4): 461–481. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0303-2647%2881%2990050-2">10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7337818">7337818</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bio+Systems&rft.atitle=Eukaryote+kingdoms%3A+Seven+or+nine%3F&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=461-481&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0303-2647%2881%2990050-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7337818&rft.aulast=Cavalier-Smith&rft.aufirst=T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFCavalier-Smith1992" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cavalier-Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Cavalier-Smith, T.</a> (1992). "Origins of secondary metabolism". <i>Ciba Foundation Symposium</i>. Novartis Foundation Symposia. <b>171</b>: 64–80, discussion 80–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9780470514344.ch5">10.1002/9780470514344.ch5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9780470514344" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9780470514344"><bdi>9780470514344</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1302186">1302186</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ciba+Foundation+Symposium&rft.atitle=Origins+of+secondary+metabolism&rft.volume=171&rft.pages=64-80%2C+discussion+80-7&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1302186&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9780470514344.ch5&rft.isbn=9780470514344&rft.aulast=Cavalier-Smith&rft.aufirst=T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFCavalier-Smith1993" class="citation journal cs1">Cavalier-Smith, T. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC372943">"Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla"</a>. <i>Microbiological Reviews</i>. <b>57</b> (4): 953–994. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2Fmmbr.57.4.953-994.1993">10.1128/mmbr.57.4.953-994.1993</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="เข้าถึงได้ฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC372943">372943</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8302218">8302218</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiological+Reviews&rft.atitle=Kingdom+protozoa+and+its+18+phyla&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=953-994&rft.date=1993&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC372943%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8302218&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2Fmmbr.57.4.953-994.1993&rft.aulast=Cavalier-Smith&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC372943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFCavalier-Smith1998" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cavalier-Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Cavalier-Smith, T.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=685">"A revised six-kingdom system of life"</a>. <i>Biological Reviews</i>. <b>73</b> (3): 203–266. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x">10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9809012">9809012</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6557779">6557779</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Reviews&rft.atitle=A+revised+six-kingdom+system+of+life&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=203-266&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6557779%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9809012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x&rft.aulast=Cavalier-Smith&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.cambridge.org%2Faction%2FdisplayAbstract%3FfromPage%3Donline%26aid%3D685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CavalierSmith2004-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CavalierSmith2004_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFCavalier-Smith2004" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cavalier-Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Cavalier-Smith, T.</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cladocera.de/protozoa/cavalier-smith_2004_prs.pdf">"Only six kingdoms of life"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. <b>271</b> (1545): 1251–1262. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2004.2705">10.1098/rspb.2004.2705</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="เข้าถึงได้ฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691724">1691724</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15306349">15306349</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2010-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+B%3A+Biological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Only+six+kingdoms+of+life&rft.volume=271&rft.issue=1545&rft.pages=1251-1262&rft.date=2004&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1691724%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15306349&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.2004.2705&rft.aulast=Cavalier-Smith&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cladocera.de%2Fprotozoa%2Fcavalier-smith_2004_prs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid20031978-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid20031978_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFCavalier-Smith2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cavalier-Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Cavalier-Smith, T.</a> (June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=20031978">"Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree"</a>. <i>Biol. Lett</i>. <b>6</b> (3): 342–345. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbl.2009.0948">10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="เข้าถึงได้ฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880060">2880060</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20031978">20031978</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biol.+Lett.&rft.atitle=Kingdoms+Protozoa+and+Chromista+and+the+eozoan+root+of+the+eukaryotic+tree&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=342-345&rft.date=2010-06&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2880060%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20031978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbl.2009.0948&rft.aulast=Cavalier-Smith&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org%2Fcgi%2Fpmidlookup%3Fview%3Dlong%26pmid%3D20031978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFRuggieroGordonOrrellBailly2015" class="citation journal cs1">Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D.; Kirk, Paul M.; Thuesen, Erik V. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4418965">"A higher level classification of all living organisms"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>10</b> (4): e0119248. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PLoSO..1019248R">2015PLoSO..1019248R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="เข้าถึงได้ฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0119248">10.1371/journal.pone.0119248</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="เข้าถึงได้ฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4418965">4418965</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25923521">25923521</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=A+higher+level+classification+of+all+living+organisms&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=e0119248&rft.date=2015&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4418965%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25923521&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0119248&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015PLoSO..1019248R&rft.aulast=Ruggiero&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+Dennis+P.&rft.au=Orrell%2C+Thomas+M.&rft.au=Bailly%2C+Nicolas&rft.au=Bourgoin%2C+Thierry&rft.au=Brusca%2C+Richard+C.&rft.au=Cavalier-Smith%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Guiry%2C+Michael+D.&rft.au=Kirk%2C+Paul+M.&rft.au=Thuesen%2C+Erik+V.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4418965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10552737">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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