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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Vlastnosti_umělých_vláken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vlastnosti_umělých_vláken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vlastnosti umělých vláken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vlastnosti_umělých_vláken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rozdělení_vláken_podle_použité_suroviny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rozdělení_vláken_podle_použité_suroviny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rozdělení vláken podle použité suroviny</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rozdělení_vláken_podle_použité_suroviny-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Rozdělení vláken podle použité suroviny</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rozdělení_vláken_podle_použité_suroviny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Označení_„syntetická_vlákna“" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Označení_„syntetická_vlákna“"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Označení „syntetická vlákna“</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Označení_„syntetická_vlákna“-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galerie_umělých_vláken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galerie_umělých_vláken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Galerie umělých vláken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galerie_umělých_vláken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Z_historie_umělých_vláken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Z_historie_umělých_vláken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Z historie umělých vláken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Z_historie_umělých_vláken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Výroba_hlavních_druhů_umělých_vláken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Výroba_hlavních_druhů_umělých_vláken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Výroba hlavních druhů umělých vláken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Výroba_hlavních_druhů_umělých_vláken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Použití" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Použití"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Použití</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Použití-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Obsah" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Umělé textilní vlákno</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 29 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintetiese_vesels" title="Sintetiese vesels – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sintetiese vesels" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="ليف اصطناعي – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليف اصطناعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Хімічныя валокны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хімічныя валокны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="কৃত্রিম তন্তু – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কৃত্রিম তন্তু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibra_sint%C3%A8tica" title="Fibra sintètica – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fibra sintètica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_fiber" title="Synthetic fiber – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Synthetic fiber" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibra_sint%C3%A9tica" title="Fibra sintética – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fibra sintética" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="الیاف مصنوعی – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الیاف مصنوعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synteettinen_kuitu" title="Synteettinen kuitu – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Synteettinen kuitu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre_synth%C3%A9tique" title="Fibre synthétique – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fibre synthétique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%93_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%98%D7%99" title="בד סינתטי – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בד סינתטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE" title="संश्लेषित रेशा – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संश्लेषित रेशा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintetika" title="Sintetika – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sintetika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fib_sentetik" title="Fib sentetik – haitština" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fib sentetik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serat_sintetis" title="Serat sintetis – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Serat sintetis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre_chimiche" title="Fibre chimiche – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fibre chimiche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E7%B9%8A%E7%B6%AD" title="合成繊維 – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="合成繊維" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%94nd%C9%94n%CA%8B%CA%8B_kulubuu_(Fibre_synth%C3%A9tique)" title="Mɔndɔnʋʋ kulubuu (Fibre synthétique) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mɔndɔnʋʋ kulubuu (Fibre synthétique)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%A9%EC%84%B1%EC%84%AC%EC%9C%A0" title="합성섬유 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="합성섬유" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibra_sint%C3%A9tica" title="Fibra sintética – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fibra sintética" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Синтетика – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Синтетика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinteti%C4%8Dka_vlakna" title="Sintetička vlakna – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sintetička vlakna" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntetfiber" title="Syntetfiber – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Syntetfiber" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%88" title="செயற்கை இழை – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செயற்கை இழை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentetik_lif" title="Sentetik lif – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sentetik lif" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Синтетик материаллар – tatarština" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Синтетик материаллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Синтетичне волокно – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Синтетичне волокно" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%A3i_t%E1%BB%95ng_h%E1%BB%A3p" title="Sợi tổng hợp – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sợi tổng hợp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD" title="合成纖維 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="合成纖維" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5856#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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class="vector-menu-heading"> Na jiných projektech </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Synthetic_fibers" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5856" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(přesměrováno z <a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A1_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kna&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Umělá textilní vlákna">Umělá textilní vlákna</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><p><b>Umělá vlákna</b> (angl.: <i>manmade fibres</i>) jsou <a href="/wiki/Textilie" title="Textilie">textilie</a> získané (jakýmkoliv) výrobním postupem z polymerních nebo nepolymerních látek. Tím se liší od materiálů, které se vyskytují ve formě vlákna přirozeně.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>V češtině (a v němčině<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ) se pro umělá vlákna často používá označení <i>chemická vlákna</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Pos_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pos-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>chemicky vyrobená vlákna</i> nebo <i>syntetická vlákna</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vlastnosti_umělých_vláken"><span id="Vlastnosti_um.C4.9Bl.C3.BDch_vl.C3.A1ken"></span>Vlastnosti umělých vláken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Vlastnosti umělých vláken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Vlastnosti umělých vláken"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Umělé vlákno sestává z molekulárních řetězců obsahujících uhlík, vodík, kyslík a dusík nebo alespoň část z těchto prvků. </p><p>Velká část jejich vlastností se nechá při výrobě ovlivnit a přizpůsobit požadavkům uživatele. Ze základních typů se tak vyvinuly a stále znovu vyvíjí nové modifikace, které se často dělí do tří generací: </p><p>Ve druhé generaci se u základních druhů, první generace, odstraňují některé nevhodné vlastnosti za účelem širšího použití a vlákna třetí generace mají pak speciální vlastnosti vhodné zpravidla pro úzký sortiment textilních výrobků.<sup id="cite_ref-Pos_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pos-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rozdělení_vláken_podle_použité_suroviny"><span id="Rozd.C4.9Blen.C3.AD_vl.C3.A1ken_podle_pou.C5.BEit.C3.A9_suroviny"></span>Rozdělení vláken podle použité suroviny</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Rozdělení vláken podle použité suroviny" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Rozdělení vláken podle použité suroviny"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="1" align="center"><b>PŘÍRODNÍ POLYMERY</b> </td> <td colspan="8" align="center"><b>rostlinné</b> </td> <td colspan="1" align="center"><b>živočišné</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" align="center“">Původ </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">celulóza </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">přírod. kaučuk </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">mořské řasy </td> <td colspan="2" align="center“">bílkovina </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">bílkovina </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" align="center“">Příklad </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Visk%C3%B3zov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Viskózová vlákna">viskóza</a>¹ </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pry%C5%BEov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Pryžová vlákna">gumová vl.</a> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Algin%C3%A1tov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Alginátová vlákna">alginát. filament</a> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center“">zeinové vl.² </td> <td colspan="1" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Kaseinov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Kaseinová vlákna">kasein</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>¹ K vláknům z regenerované celulózy patří viskózová (základní typ a modifikované druhy) a <i>měďnatá</i> (ke kterým se přiřazují <a href="/wiki/Acet%C3%A1tov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Acetátová vlákna">acetátová</a> a triacetátová vlákna). </p><p>² <i>Zeinové</i> vlákno pochází z kukuřice, <i>kaseinové</i> z mléka </p><p><b>SYNTETICKÉ POLYMERY</b> </p> <table border="0" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="1" align="center“">Původ </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">polykondenzát </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">polymerizace </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">polyadice </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" align="center“">Příklad </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Polyesterov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Polyesterová vlákna">PES</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polyamidov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Polyamidová vlákna">PA</a> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polypropylenov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Polypropylenová vlákna">PP</a> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Elastick%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Elastická vlákna">elast. vlákno</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>NEPOLYMERNÍ</b> </p> <table border="0" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="1" align="center">Původ </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">kov </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">minerál </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">pyrolýza </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" align="center“">Příklad vlákna </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Borov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Borová vlákna">borové</a> ¹ </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Sklen%C4%9Bn%C3%A1_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Skleněná textilní vlákna">skleněné</a> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Uhl%C3%ADkov%C3%A9_vl%C3%A1kno" title="Uhlíkové vlákno">uhlíkové</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><p><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>¹ Drahé vlákno s vysokou pevností. Přidává se do <a href="/wiki/Kompozitn%C3%AD_materi%C3%A1l" title="Kompozitní materiál">kompozitů</a>, obzvlášť na výrobky zbrojního průmyslu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Označení_„syntetická_vlákna“"><span id="Ozna.C4.8Den.C3.AD_.E2.80.9Esyntetick.C3.A1_vl.C3.A1kna.E2.80.9C"></span>Označení „syntetická vlákna“</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Označení „syntetická vlákna“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Označení „syntetická vlákna“"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Všeobecně se tento výraz používá (v češtině i v jiných jazycích) jako souhrnné označení <b>jen pro vlákna ze syntetických polymerů</b>. V odborné literatuře se pod tento pojem ojediněle zařazují také vlákna z přírodních polymerů (<a href="/wiki/Keramick%C3%A1_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Keramická textilní vlákna">keramická</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visk%C3%B3zov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Viskózová vlákna">viskózová</a> vlákna atd.) a nepolymerních materiálů (např. <a href="/wiki/Kovov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" class="mw-redirect" title="Kovová vlákna">kovová vlákna</a>). <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Galerie_umělých_vláken"><span id="Galerie_um.C4.9Bl.C3.BDch_vl.C3.A1ken"></span>Galerie umělých vláken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Galerie umělých vláken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Galerie umělých vláken"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-60599-0007,_%22VEB_Kunstseidenwerk_%22Friedrich_Engels%22%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zvlákňování polyamidu přes trysku (v roce 1958)"><img alt="Zvlákňování polyamidu přes trysku (v roce 1958)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-60599-0007%2C_%22VEB_Kunstseidenwerk_%22Friedrich_Engels%22%22.jpg/89px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-60599-0007%2C_%22VEB_Kunstseidenwerk_%22Friedrich_Engels%22%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-60599-0007%2C_%22VEB_Kunstseidenwerk_%22Friedrich_Engels%22%22.jpg/134px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-60599-0007%2C_%22VEB_Kunstseidenwerk_%22Friedrich_Engels%22%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-60599-0007%2C_%22VEB_Kunstseidenwerk_%22Friedrich_Engels%22%22.jpg/179px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-60599-0007%2C_%22VEB_Kunstseidenwerk_%22Friedrich_Engels%22%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Zvlákňování polyamidu přes trysku (v roce 1958)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Fibre_Glass_40x.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Skleněné vlákno (40x zvětšené)"><img alt="Skleněné vlákno (40x zvětšené)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fibre_Glass_40x.JPG/86px-Fibre_Glass_40x.JPG" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fibre_Glass_40x.JPG/129px-Fibre_Glass_40x.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fibre_Glass_40x.JPG/171px-Fibre_Glass_40x.JPG 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Skleněné vlákno (40x zvětšené)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Acrylic_40x.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Polyakrylové vlákno (400x zvětšené)"><img alt="Polyakrylové vlákno (400x zvětšené)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Acrylic_40x.JPG/120px-Acrylic_40x.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Acrylic_40x.JPG/180px-Acrylic_40x.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Acrylic_40x.JPG/240px-Acrylic_40x.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Polyakrylové vlákno (400x zvětšené)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Celluloseacetuar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Acetátová vlákna v cigaretovém filtru"><img alt="Acetátová vlákna v cigaretovém filtru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Celluloseacetuar.jpg/120px-Celluloseacetuar.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Celluloseacetuar.jpg/180px-Celluloseacetuar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Celluloseacetuar.jpg/240px-Celluloseacetuar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="618" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Acetátová vlákna v cigaretovém filtru</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Kohlenstoff_fasern_8mm_laenge_2000dpi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Uhlíková vlákna sekaná na délku 8 mm"><img alt="Uhlíková vlákna sekaná na délku 8 mm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kohlenstoff_fasern_8mm_laenge_2000dpi.jpg/120px-Kohlenstoff_fasern_8mm_laenge_2000dpi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kohlenstoff_fasern_8mm_laenge_2000dpi.jpg/180px-Kohlenstoff_fasern_8mm_laenge_2000dpi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kohlenstoff_fasern_8mm_laenge_2000dpi.jpg/240px-Kohlenstoff_fasern_8mm_laenge_2000dpi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2188" data-file-height="2133" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Uhlíková vlákna sekaná na délku 8 mm</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Microfibar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Textilie z mikrovláken (detail v pravém rohu cca 500x zvětšený)"><img alt="Textilie z mikrovláken (detail v pravém rohu cca 500x zvětšený)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Microfibar.jpg/120px-Microfibar.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Microfibar.jpg/180px-Microfibar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Microfibar.jpg/240px-Microfibar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="374" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Textilie z mikrovláken (detail v pravém rohu cca 500x zvětšený)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Types_of_Carbon_Nanotubes.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Uhlíkové nanotrubičky"><img alt="Uhlíkové nanotrubičky" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Types_of_Carbon_Nanotubes.png/120px-Types_of_Carbon_Nanotubes.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Types_of_Carbon_Nanotubes.png/180px-Types_of_Carbon_Nanotubes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Types_of_Carbon_Nanotubes.png/240px-Types_of_Carbon_Nanotubes.png 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Uhlíkové nanotrubičky</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:SCMAP.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Aktuátor z piezoelektrických keramických vláken"><img alt="Aktuátor z piezoelektrických keramických vláken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SCMAP.gif/120px-SCMAP.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SCMAP.gif/180px-SCMAP.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/SCMAP.gif 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aktuátor z <a href="/wiki/Piezoelektrick%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Piezoelektrická vlákna">piezoelektrických keramických vláken</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Z_historie_umělých_vláken"><span id="Z_historie_um.C4.9Bl.C3.BDch_vl.C3.A1ken"></span>Z historie umělých vláken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Z historie umělých vláken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Z historie umělých vláken"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a> vynález nitrátového hedvábí</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a> vynález <a href="/wiki/Visk%C3%B3zov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Viskózová vlákna">viskózového hedvábí</a> (výroba <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a> produkce <a href="/wiki/Acet%C3%A1tov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Acetátová vlákna">acetátových vláken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a> vynález <a href="/wiki/Polyamidov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Polyamidová vlákna">polyamidu 6.6</a> (výroba <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a> výroba <a href="/wiki/Sklen%C4%9Bn%C3%A1_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Skleněná textilní vlákna">skleněného vlákna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a> vynález <a href="/wiki/Polyamidov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Polyamidová vlákna">polyamidu 6</a> (výroba <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a> vynález <a href="/wiki/Polyesterov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Polyesterová vlákna">PES-vlákna</a> (výroba <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> výroba <a href="/wiki/Polyakrylonitrilov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Polyakrylonitrilová vlákna">PAC-vlákna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a> vynález <a href="/wiki/Polypropylenov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Polypropylenová vlákna">PP-vlákna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a> výroba <a href="/wiki/Polyamidov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Polyamidová vlákna">aramidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a> <a href="/wiki/Gelov%C3%A9_zvl%C3%A1k%C5%88ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Gelové zvlákňování">gelové zvlákňování</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> výroba <a href="/wiki/Mikrovl%C3%A1kno" title="Mikrovlákno">mikrovláken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a> výroba <a href="/wiki/Nanovl%C3%A1kno" title="Nanovlákno">nanovláken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a> výroba <a href="/wiki/Polyethylenov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Polyethylenová vlákna">PE-vlákna</a> (<i>Dyneema</i>) s pevností v tahu 4,0 GPa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a> <a href="/wiki/Vl%C3%A1kno_M5_(PIPD)" title="Vlákno M5 (PIPD)">vlákno M5</a> s pevností v tahu 4,6 GPa a v tlaku 1,6 GPa<sup id="cite_ref-Mil_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mil-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Výroba_hlavních_druhů_umělých_vláken"><span id="V.C3.BDroba_hlavn.C3.ADch_druh.C5.AF_um.C4.9Bl.C3.BDch_vl.C3.A1ken"></span>Výroba hlavních druhů umělých vláken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Výroba hlavních druhů umělých vláken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Výroba hlavních druhů umělých vláken"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table border="0" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="1" align="center">Rok 2011 </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">polyester </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">viskóza </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">polyamid </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">polypropylen </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">polyakryl </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">ostatní vl. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" align="center">v milionech tun </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">37,2 </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">4,4 </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">3,9 </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">2,9 </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">2,0 </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">0,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" align="center">cena cca €/kg </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">1,25-1,40<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">0,87<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">1,25<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">1,75<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">- </td> <td colspan="1" align="center">- </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>V roce <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a> vyrobilo ve světě 1700 chemických provozů cca 51 milionů tun umělých vláken. Na produkci se podílela <a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna" title="Čína">Čína</a> 60%, Indie 6, USA 5% a ČR se Slovenskem 0,25%. </p><p>Celkové množství sestávalo z cca 60 % <a href="/wiki/Filament_(textilnictv%C3%AD)" title="Filament (textilnictví)">filamentů</a> a 40 % <a href="/wiki/Stapl" title="Stapl">staplových</a> vláken (<a href="/wiki/St%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BE" title="Stříž">stříže</a>). </p><p>Podíl mikrovláken a nanovláken na vyrobeném množství se ve statistikách neuvádí. Ve hořejší statistice chybí také nejméně 5 milionů tun, např. <a href="/wiki/Polyethylenov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Polyethylenová vlákna">polyethylen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elastick%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Elastická vlákna">polyuretan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sklen%C4%9Bn%C3%A1_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Skleněná textilní vlákna">skleněná</a> a <a href="/wiki/Keramick%C3%A1_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Keramická textilní vlákna">keramická</a> vlákna. </p><p>Podle údajů firmy <a href="/wiki/Lenzing_AG" title="Lenzing AG">Lenzing</a> dosáhla v roce 2014 světová výroba chemických textilních vláken 62 milionů tun (z toho cca 3/4 <a href="/wiki/Polyesterov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Polyesterová vlákna">polyesterová vlákna</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>V roce 2019 se počítalo s výrobou 80 milionů tun (nejméně 50 milionů tun pocházelo z Číny<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) z celkového množství 107 milionů tun textilních vláken.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Podrobné statistické údaje se dají zakoupit např. za 650 CHF<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Použití"><span id="Pou.C5.BEit.C3.AD"></span>Použití</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Použití" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Použití"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Z filamentů se v roce 2007 použilo 19,5 milionů tun na oděvní a <a href="/wiki/Bytov%C3%BD_textil" title="Bytový textil">bytové textilie</a>, 2,5 miliony jako <a href="/wiki/Technick%C3%A9_textilie" title="Technické textilie">technické filamenty</a> a 2,2 miliony tun na <a href="/wiki/Koberec" title="Koberec">podlahové krytiny</a>. </p><p>Z 80 % stříží z umělých vláken byly vyrobeny příze (především na <a href="/wiki/Tkanina" title="Tkanina">tkaniny</a> a <a href="/wiki/Pletenina" title="Pletenina">pleteniny</a>) a 20 % šlo (nespředených) do <a href="/wiki/Netkan%C3%A9_textilie" title="Netkané textilie">netkaných textilií</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editace sekce: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Literatura"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Koslowski: <i>Chemiefaser-Lexikon:Begriffe-Zahlen-Handelsnamen</i>, Deutscher Fachverlag 2008, <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/3-87150-876-4" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/3-87150-876-4"><span class="ISBN">3-87150-876-4</span></a></span></li> <li>Cherif: <i>Textile Werkstoffe für den Leichtbau</i>, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011, <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-3-642-17991-4" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-3-642-17991-4"><span class="ISBN">978-3-642-17991-4</span></a></span>, str. 14-16</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&action=edit&section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Synthetic_fibers" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Synthetic fibers">umělé vlákno</a></span> na Wikimedia Commons</span></span></span><i> </i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_textiln%C3%AD_vl%C3%A1kno&action=edit&section=10" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>59.060 - TEXTILE FIBRES</i> [online]. ITEH Standards, 2022-05-31 [cit. 2023-10-27]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/ics/59.060">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=59.060+-+TEXTILE+FIBRES&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstandards.iteh.ai%2Fcatalog%2Fics%2F59.060&rft.pub=ITEH+Standards"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gries/Dieler/Burkhard:<i>Textile Ferigungsverfahren</i>, E-Book 2018, <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/9783446458666" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-446-45866-6</a>, str. 51-87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pos-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Pos_3-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pos_3-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Pospíšil a kol.:<i>Příručka textilního odborníka</i> , SNTL Praha 1981, str. 162-164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>ČSN EN ISO 2076</i> [online]. Uvádění výrobků na trh, 2022-06-01 [cit. 2023-10-27]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nlfnorm.cz/terminologicky-slovnik/205874">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=%C4%8CSN+EN+ISO+2076&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnlfnorm.cz%2Fterminologicky-slovnik%2F205874&rft.pub=Uv%C3%A1d%C4%9Bn%C3%AD+v%C3%BDrobk%C5%AF+na+trh"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>Classification of Textile Fibres</i> [online]. Textile Engineering, 2023-01-26 [cit. 2023-09-04]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://textileengineering.net/classification-of-textile-fibres/">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Classification+of+Textile+Fibres&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftextileengineering.net%2Fclassification-of-textile-fibres%2F&rft.pub=Textile+Engineering"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>What are Synthetic Fibers?</i> [online]. Study, 2003-2020 [cit. 2020-03-16]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-synthetic-fibers-definition-types-examples.html">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=What+are+Synthetic+Fibers%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudy.com%2Facademy%2Flesson%2Fwhat-are-synthetic-fibers-definition-types-examples.html&rft.pub=Study"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mil-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mil_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Militký: <i>Textilní vlákna</i>, TU Liberec 2002, <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-7083-644-X" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-7083-644-X"><span class="ISBN">80-7083-644-X</span></a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>The Fiber Year</i> [online]. Lenzing, 2012/05 [cit. 2017-06-02]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223001/http://www.thefiberyear.com/pdf/Tfy_Toc_2012.pdf">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2016-03-04. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=The+Fiber+Year&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefiberyear.com%2Fpdf%2FTfy_Toc_2012.pdf&rft.pub=Lenzing"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>Polyester Chain</i> [online]. YNFX, 2017-05-29 [cit. 2017-06-02]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170604161841/http://www.yarnsandfibers.com/news/textile-pricewatch/polyester-staple-fibre-psf-price-trends-reports">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2017-06-04. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Polyester+Chain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yarnsandfibers.com%2Fnews%2Ftextile-pricewatch%2Fpolyester-staple-fibre-psf-price-trends-reports&rft.pub=YNFX"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>Viscose</i> [online]. EmergingTextiles, 1998-2017 [cit. 2017-06-02]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emergingtextiles.com/?q=art&s=121115-viscose-rayon-market-price&r=free&i=samplearticle">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Viscose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emergingtextiles.com%2F%3Fq%3Dart%26s%3D121115-viscose-rayon-market-price%26r%3Dfree%26i%3Dsamplearticle&rft.pub=EmergingTextiles"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>Nylon Prices in China</i> [online]. EmergingTextiles, 1998-2017 [cit. 2017-06-02]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emergingtextiles.com/?q=art&s=121130-nylon-market-price&r=free&i=samplearticle">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Nylon+Prices+in+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emergingtextiles.com%2F%3Fq%3Dart%26s%3D121130-nylon-market-price%26r%3Dfree%26i%3Dsamplearticle&rft.pub=EmergingTextiles"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cena čínského <a href="/wiki/Polypropylenov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Polypropylenová vlákna">PP-filamentu</a> (54 dtex) v roce 2011: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.chinatexnet.com/textile-news/2011-04-06/336305.html">http://www.chinatexnet.com/textile-news/2011-04-06/336305.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>Fokus Mehrwert</i> [online]. Lenzing, 2015 [cit. 2017-06-02]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402122219/http://www.lenzing.com/fileadmin/template/pdf/konzern/geschaftsberichte_gb_ugb_jfb/GB_2014_D.pdf">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2015-04-02. (německy)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Fokus+Mehrwert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lenzing.com%2Ffileadmin%2Ftemplate%2Fpdf%2Fkonzern%2Fgeschaftsberichte_gb_ugb_jfb%2FGB_2014_D.pdf&rft.pub=Lenzing"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>Latest Figures From China’s Textile Industry</i> [online]. Textile World, 2019-05-17 [cit. 2022-02-22]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://textileworld.com/textile-world/2019/12/latest-figures-from-chinas-textile-industry-reported-at-intertextile-apparel-round-table/">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Latest+Figures+From+China%E2%80%99s+Textile+Industry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftextileworld.com%2Ftextile-world%2F2019%2F12%2Flatest-figures-from-chinas-textile-industry-reported-at-intertextile-apparel-round-table%2F&rft.pub=Textile+World"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>Global chemical fiber production</i> [online]. Statista, 2020- 09-01 [cit. 2020-09-22]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/271651/global-production-of-the-chemical-fiber-industry/">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Global+chemical+fiber+production&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F271651%2Fglobal-production-of-the-chemical-fiber-industry%2F&rft.pub=Statista"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>The Fiber Year 2020</i> [online]. The Fiber Year, 2009-2020 [cit. 2020-09-22]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001013037/https://thefiberyear.com/shop/">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2020-10-01. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=The+Fiber+Year+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefiberyear.com%2Fshop%2F&rft.pub=The+Fiber+Year"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .navbox2{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2+.navbox2{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output th.navbox2-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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