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framework</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: pathway framework"> <meta name="keywords" content="pathway framework"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="pathway framework"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5804</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: pathway framework</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5804</span> Metabolomics Profile Recognition for Cancer Diagnostics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20L.%20Kouznetsova">Valentina L. Kouznetsova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20W.%20Wang"> Jonathan W. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20F.%20Tsigelny"> Igor F. Tsigelny</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metabolomics has become a rising field of research for various diseases, particularly cancer. Increases or decreases in metabolite concentrations in the human body are indicative of various cancers. Further elucidation of metabolic pathways and their significance in cancer research may greatly spur medicinal discovery. We analyzed the metabolomics profiles of lung cancer. Thirty-three metabolites were selected as significant. These metabolites are involved in 37 metabolic pathways delivered by MetaboAnalyst software. The top pathways are glyoxylate and dicarboxylate pathway (its hubs are formic acid and glyoxylic acid) along with Citrate cycle pathway followed by Taurine and hypotaurine pathway (the hubs in the latter are taurine and sulfoacetaldehyde) and Glycine, serine, and threonine pathway (the hubs are glycine and L-serine). We studied interactions of the metabolites with the proteins involved in cancer-related signaling networks, and developed an approach to metabolomics biomarker use in cancer diagnostics. Our analysis showed that a significant part of lung-cancer-related metabolites interacts with main cancer-related signaling pathways present in this network: PI3K–mTOR–AKT pathway, RAS–RAF–ERK1/2 pathway, and NFKB pathway. These results can be employed for use of metabolomics profiles in elucidation of the related cancer proteins signaling networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title="cancer">cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolites" title=" metabolites"> metabolites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20pathway" title=" metabolic pathway"> metabolic pathway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signaling%20pathway" title=" signaling pathway"> signaling pathway</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54096/metabolomics-profile-recognition-for-cancer-diagnostics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5803</span> Health Benefit and Mechanism from Green Open Space: A Pathway to Connect Health to Design and Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20Ma">Ming Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20Li"> Rui Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the highly urbanized district, green open space is playing an important role in human’s health and wellbeing as a physical, aesthetic and natural environment resources. The aim of this paper is to close this gap through providing a comprehensive, qualitative meta-analysis of existing studies related to this issue. A systematic scoping of current quantitative research is conducted which mostly focused on cross-sectional survey and experimental studies. Health benefits from contact with green open space could be categorized into physical health, psychological health and social wellbeing. Mechanism for the health related to green open space could be clearly identified with the regard to natural restoration, physical activities and social capital. These results indicate a multiple pathways framework between the health benefits and mechanism. In order to support design and planning, the most evident relationship was picked up that people could psychologically benefit from green open space through outdoors physical activities. Additionally, three design and planning strategies are put forward. Various and multi-level contacts with green open space would be considered as an explanation of the pathway results and tie to bridge the health to design and planning. There is a need to carry out long-term research emphasizing on causal relationship between health and green open space through excluding cofounding factors such as self-selection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20green%20open%20space" title="urban green open space">urban green open space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning%20and%20design" title=" planning and design"> planning and design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20benefit" title=" health benefit"> health benefit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanism" title=" mechanism"> mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathway%20framework" title=" pathway framework"> pathway framework</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72775/health-benefit-and-mechanism-from-green-open-space-a-pathway-to-connect-health-to-design-and-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5802</span> Recognition of Gene Names from Gene Pathway Figures Using Siamese Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Azam">Muhammad Azam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Micheal%20Olaolu%20Arowolo"> Micheal Olaolu Arowolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fei%20He"> Fei He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mihail%20Popescu"> Mihail Popescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Xu"> Dong Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The number of biological papers is growing quickly, which means that the number of biological pathway figures in those papers is also increasing quickly. Each pathway figure shows extensive biological information, like the names of genes and how the genes are related. However, manually annotating pathway figures takes a lot of time and work. Even though using advanced image understanding models could speed up the process of curation, these models still need to be made more accurate. To improve gene name recognition from pathway figures, we applied a Siamese network to map image segments to a library of pictures containing known genes in a similar way to person recognition from photos in many photo applications. We used a triple loss function and a triplet spatial pyramid pooling network by combining the triplet convolution neural network and the spatial pyramid pooling (TSPP-Net). We compared VGG19 and VGG16 as the Siamese network model. VGG16 achieved better performance with an accuracy of 93%, which is much higher than OCR results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20pathway" title="biological pathway">biological pathway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20understanding" title=" image understanding"> image understanding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20name%20recognition" title=" gene name recognition"> gene name recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object%20detection" title=" object detection"> object detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siamese%20network" title=" Siamese network"> Siamese network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VGG" title=" VGG"> VGG</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160723/recognition-of-gene-names-from-gene-pathway-figures-using-siamese-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5801</span> Biomarkers, A Reliable Tool for Delineating Spill Trajectory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okpor%20Victor">Okpor Victor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selegha%20Abrakasa"> Selegha Abrakasa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oil (Petroleum) spill occur frequently and in this era of a higher degree of awareness, it is pertinent that the trajectory of the spill is properly defined, to make certain of the area of impact by the spill. In this study, biomarkers that are known as the custodians of paleo information in oils are suggested to be used as reliable tools for defining the pathway of a spill. Samples were collected as tills alongside the GPS coordinates of the sample points suspected to have been impacted by a spill. Oils in the samples were extracted and analyzed as whole oil using GC–MS. Some biomarker parametric ratios were derived, and the ratio showed consistency of values along the sample trail from sample 1 to sample 20. The consistency of the values indicates that the oils at each sample point are the same hence the same value. This method can be used to validate the trajectory/pathway of a spill and also to define or establish a suspected pathway for a spill. The Oleanane/C30Hopane ratio showed good consistency and was suggested as a reliable parameter for establishing the trajectory of an oil spill. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spill" title="spill">spill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarkers" title=" biomarkers"> biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trajectory" title=" trajectory"> trajectory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathway" title=" pathway"> pathway</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173283/biomarkers-a-reliable-tool-for-delineating-spill-trajectory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5800</span> Competition Between the Effects of Pesticides and Immune-activation on the Expression of Toll Pathway Genes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dani%20Sukkar">Dani Sukkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kanso"> Ali Kanso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20Laval-Gilly"> Philippe Laval-Gilly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jairo%20Falla-Angel"> Jairo Falla-Angel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The honeybees' immune system is challenged by different risk factors that induce various responses. However, complex scenarios where bees are exposed to different pesticides simultaneously with immune activation are not well evaluated. The Toll pathway is one of the main signaling pathways studied in invertebrate immune responses, and it is a good indicator of the effect of such complex interactions in addition to key signaling elements of other pathways like Relish of the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway or Eater, the phagocytosis receptor or vitellogenin levels. Honeybee hemocytes extracted from 5th instar larvae were exposed to imidacloprid and/or amitraz with or without the presence of the zymosan a as an immune activator. The gene expression of multiple immune related genes were studied, including spaetzle, Toll, myD88, relish, eater and vitellogenin, by real-time polymerase chain reaction after RNA extraction. The results demonstrated that the Toll pathway is mainly affected by the pesticides; imidacloprid and amitraz, especially by their different combinations. Furthermore, immune activation by zymosan A, a fungal cell-wall component, acts to mitigate to some extent the effect of pesticides on the different levels of the Toll pathway. In addition, imidacloprid, amitraz, and zymosan A have complex and context-specific interactions depending on the levels of immune activation and the pathway evaluated affecting immune-gene expression differently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toll%20pathway" title="toll pathway">toll pathway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20modulation" title=" immune modulation"> immune modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2-glucan" title=" β-glucan"> β-glucan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imidacloprid" title=" imidacloprid"> imidacloprid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amitraz" title=" amitraz"> amitraz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honeybees" title=" honeybees"> honeybees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20genes" title=" immune genes"> immune genes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172811/competition-between-the-effects-of-pesticides-and-immune-activation-on-the-expression-of-toll-pathway-genes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5799</span> Clinical Pathway for Postoperative Organ Transplants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahsien%20Okasha">Tahsien Okasha </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transplantation medicine is one of the most challenging and complex areas of modern medicine. Some of the key areas for medical management are the problems of transplant rejection, during which the body has an immune response to the transplanted organ, possibly leading to transplant failure and the need to immediately remove the organ from the recipient. When possible, transplant rejection can be reduced through serotyping to determine the most appropriate donor-recipient match and through the use of immunosuppressant drugs. Postoperative care actually begins before the surgery in terms of education, discharge planning, nutrition, pulmonary rehabilitation, and patient/family education. This also allows for expectations to be managed. A multidisciplinary approach is the key, and collaborative team meetings are essential to ensuring that all team members are "on the same page.". The following clinical pathway map and guidelines with the aim to decrease alteration in clinical practice and are intended for those healthcare professionals who look after organ transplant patients. They are also intended to be useful to both medical and surgical trainees as well as nurse specialists and other associated healthcare professionals involved in the care of organ transplant patients. This pathway is general pathway include the general guidelines that can be applicable for all types of organ transplant with special considerations to each organ. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organ%20transplant" title="organ transplant">organ transplant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20pathway" title=" clinical pathway"> clinical pathway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postoperative%20care" title=" postoperative care"> postoperative care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=same%20page" title=" same page "> same page </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19917/clinical-pathway-for-postoperative-organ-transplants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5798</span> Clinical Pathway for Postoperative Organ Transplantation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahsien%20Okasha">Tahsien Okasha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transplantation medicine is one of the most challenging and complex areas of modern medicine. Some of the key areas for medical management are the problems of transplant rejection, during which the body has an immune response to the transplanted organ, possibly leading to transplant failure and the need to immediately remove the organ from the recipient. When possible, transplant rejection can be reduced through serotyping to determine the most appropriate donor-recipient match and through the use of immunosuppressant drugs. Postoperative care actually begins before the surgery in terms of education, discharge planning, nutrition, pulmonary rehabilitation, and patient/family education. This also allows for expectations to be managed. A multidisciplinary approach is the key, and collaborative team meetings are essential to ensuring that all team members are "on the same page." .The following clinical pathway map and guidelines with the aim to decrease alteration in clinical practice and are intended for those healthcare professionals who look after organ transplant patients. They are also intended to be useful to both medical and surgical trainees as well as nurse specialists and other associated healthcare professionals involved in the care of organ transplant patients. This pathway is general pathway include the general guidelines that can be applicable for all types of organ transplant with special considerations to each organ. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postoperative%20care" title="postoperative care">postoperative care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organ%20transplant" title=" organ transplant"> organ transplant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20pathway" title=" clinical pathway"> clinical pathway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient" title=" patient"> patient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20356/clinical-pathway-for-postoperative-organ-transplantation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5797</span> Induction of Apoptosis by Diosmin through Interleukins/STAT and Mitochondria Mediated Pathway in Hep-2 and KB Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Rajasekar">M. Rajasekar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Suresh"> K. Suresh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diosmin is a flavonoid, most abundantly found in many citrus fruits. As a flavonoid, it possesses a multitude of biological activities including anti-hyperglycemic, anti-lipid peroxidative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-mutagenic properties. At this point, we established the anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities of diosmin in Hep-2 and KB cells. Diosmin has cytotoxic effects through inhibiting cellular proliferation of Hep-2 and KB cells, which leads to the induction of apoptosis, as apparent by an increase in the fraction of cells in the sub-G1phase of the cell cycle. Results exposed that inhibition of cell proliferation is associated with regulation of the Interleukins/STAT pathway. In addition, Diosmin treatment with Hep-2 and KB cells actively stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. And also an imbalance in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio triggered the caspase cascade and shifting the balance in favor of apoptosis. These observations conclude that Diosmin induce apoptosis via Interleukins /STAT-mediated pathway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diosmin" title="diosmin">diosmin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title=" apoptosis"> apoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STAT%20pathway" title=" STAT pathway"> STAT pathway</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37353/induction-of-apoptosis-by-diosmin-through-interleukinsstat-and-mitochondria-mediated-pathway-in-hep-2-and-kb-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5796</span> Analysis of the Transcriptional Response of Rhazia stricta to Jasmonic Acid Induction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahid%20H.%20Hajrah">Nahid H. Hajrah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20S.%20M.%20Sabir"> Jamal S. M. Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neil%20Hall"> Neil Hall</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The jasmonic pathway is ubiquitous in plants and is crucial to plant development. It Is involved in fertility, ripening, and sex determination as well as in response to environmental stresses such as herbivory, pathogen drought or temperature shock. Essentially the jasmonic pathway acts to shut down growth in order to induce defence pathways. These pathways include the production of secondary metabolites which have evolved to defend against herbivores and pathogens but are of increasing interest due to their roll in medicine and biotechnology. Here we describe the transcriptional response of Rhazia stricta (a poisonous shrub widely used in traditional medicine) to jasmonic acid, in order to better characterize the genes involved in secondary metabolite production and its response to stress. We observe coordinated upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway leading to flavonols, flavones and anthocyanins but no similar coordination of the monoterpene indole alkaloid pathway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plants" title="medicinal plants">medicinal plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhazia%20stricta" title=" Rhazia stricta"> Rhazia stricta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jasmonic%20acid" title=" jasmonic acid"> jasmonic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcriptional%20analysis" title=" transcriptional analysis"> transcriptional analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107330/analysis-of-the-transcriptional-response-of-rhazia-stricta-to-jasmonic-acid-induction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5795</span> Pathway and Differential Gene Expression Studies for Colorectal Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankita%20Shukla">Ankita Shukla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tiratha%20Raj%20Singh"> Tiratha Raj Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Colorectal cancer (CRC) imposes serious mortality burden worldwide and it has been increasing for past consecutive years. Continuous efforts have been made so far to diagnose the disease condition and to identify the root cause for it. In this study, we performed the pathway level as well as the differential gene expression studies for CRC. We analyzed the gene expression profile GSE24514 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) along with the gene pathways involved in the CRC. This analysis helps us to understand the behavior of the genes that have shown differential expression through their targeted pathways. Pathway analysis for the targeted genes covers the wider area which therefore decreases the possibility to miss the significant ones. This will prove to be beneficial to expose the ones that have not been given attention so far. Through this analysis, we attempt to understand the various neighboring genes that have close relationship to the targeted one and thus proved to be significantly controlling the CRC. It is anticipated that the identified hub and neighboring genes will provide new directions to look at the pathway level differently and will be crucial for the regulatory processes of the disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mismatch%20repair" title="mismatch repair">mismatch repair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microsatellite%20instability" title=" microsatellite instability"> microsatellite instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carcinogenesis" title=" carcinogenesis"> carcinogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morbidity" title=" morbidity"> morbidity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63300/pathway-and-differential-gene-expression-studies-for-colorectal-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5794</span> A Risk Pathway of Distal and Proximal Factors for Self-Injury among Adolescents </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarit%20Gideoni%20Cohen">Sarit Gideoni Cohen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the study was to examine possible risk pathway which initiated by the distal risk factors of insecure attachment to the mother, the father and peers and then developed by means of proximal risk factors: stressful life events and emotional distress. 275 participants (aged 13-26) from high-schools, youth groups and university were requited. Twenty-two percent participants reported at least one episode of self-injury. The relationship between paternal and peer attachment were partly mediated by stressful life events and depressive symptoms. Paternal and peer attachment influences during adolescence as contributing to risk pathway for self-injury were acknowledged. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-injury" title="self-injury">self-injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attachment" title=" attachment"> attachment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stressful%20life-events" title=" stressful life-events"> stressful life-events</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescence" title=" adolescence"> adolescence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83383/a-risk-pathway-of-distal-and-proximal-factors-for-self-injury-among-adolescents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83383.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5793</span> Identification of Tissue-Specific Transcription Factors in C. roseus with Emphasis to the TIA Biosynthetic Pathway</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20M.%20El-Domyati">F. M. El-Domyati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Atef"> A. Atef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Edris"> S. Edris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20O.%20Gadalla"> N. O. Gadalla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Al-Kordy"> M. A. Al-Kordy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Ramadan"> A. M. Ramadan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20M.%20Saad"> Y. M. Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S.%20Al-Zahrani"> H. S. Al-Zahrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bahieldin"> A. Bahieldin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transcriptome retrieved from SRA database of different tissues and treatments of C. roseus was assembled in order to detect tissue-specific transcription factors (TFs) and TFs possibly related to terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIA) pathway. A number of 290 TF-like transcripts along with 12 transcripts related to TIA biosynthetic pathway were divided in terms of co-expression in the different tissues, treatments and genotypes. Three transcripts encoding peroxidases 1 and 12 were downregulated in hairy root, while upregulated in mature leaf. Eight different transcripts of the TIA pathway co-expressed with TFs either functioning downstream tryptophan biosynthesis, e.g., tdc, str1 and sgd, or upstream vindoline biosynthesis, e.g., t16h, omt, nmt, d4h and dat. The results showed no differential expression of TF transcripts in hairy roots knocked down for tdc gene (TDCi) as compared to their wild type controls. There were several evidences of tissue-specific expression of TF transcripts in flower, mature leaf, root/hairy root, stem, seedling, hairy root and immature/mature leaves. Regulation included transcription factor families, e.g., bHLH, MYB and WRKY mostly induced by ABA and/or JA (or MeJA) and regulated during abiotic or biotic stress. The information of tissue-specific regulation and co-expression of TFs and genes in the TIA pathway can be utilized in manipulating alkaloid biosynthesis in C. roseus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SRA%20database" title="SRA database">SRA database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bHLH" title=" bHLH"> bHLH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MYB" title=" MYB"> MYB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WRKY" title=" WRKY"> WRKY</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-expression" title=" co-expression "> co-expression </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42512/identification-of-tissue-specific-transcription-factors-in-c-roseus-with-emphasis-to-the-tia-biosynthetic-pathway" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5792</span> Auricular Electroacupuncture Rescued Epilepsy Seizure by Attenuating TLR-2 Inflammatory Pathway in the Kainic Acid-Induced Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-Han%20Hsiao">I-Han Hsiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Ping%20Huang"> Chun-Ping Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Liang%20Hsieh"> Ching-Liang Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Wen%20Lin"> Yi-Wen Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epilepsy is chronic brain disorder that results in the sporadic occurrence of spontaneous seizures in the temporal lobe, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus. Clinical antiepileptic medicines are often ineffective or little benefits in the small amount of patients and usually initiate severe side effects. This inflammation contributes to enhanced neuronal excitability and the onset of epilepsy. Auricular electric-stimulation (AES) can increase parasympathetic activity and stimulate the solitary tract nucleus to induce the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Furthermore, it may be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of epilepsy. In the present study, we want to investigate the effects of AES on inflammatory mediators in kainic acid (KA)-induced epileptic seizure rats. Experimental KA injection increased expression of TLR-2 pathway associated inflammatory mediators, were further reduced by either 2Hz or 15 Hz AES in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and somatosensory cortex. We suggest that AES can successfully control the epileptic seizure by down-regulation of inflammation signaling pathway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auricular%20electric-stimulation" title="auricular electric-stimulation">auricular electric-stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epileptic%20seizures" title=" epileptic seizures"> epileptic seizures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-inflammation" title=" anti-inflammation"> anti-inflammation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84898/auricular-electroacupuncture-rescued-epilepsy-seizure-by-attenuating-tlr-2-inflammatory-pathway-in-the-kainic-acid-induced-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5791</span> Application of KL Divergence for Estimation of Each Metabolic Pathway Genes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shohei%20Maruyama">Shohei Maruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasuo%20Matsuyama"> Yasuo Matsuyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sachiyo%20Aburatani"> Sachiyo Aburatani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of the method to annotate unknown gene functions is an important task in bioinformatics. One of the approaches for the annotation is The identification of the metabolic pathway that genes are involved in. Gene expression data have been utilized for the identification, since gene expression data reflect various intracellular phenomena. However, it has been difficult to estimate the gene function with high accuracy. It is considered that the low accuracy of the estimation is caused by the difficulty of accurately measuring a gene expression. Even though they are measured under the same condition, the gene expressions will vary usually. In this study, we proposed a feature extraction method focusing on the variability of gene expressions to estimate the genes' metabolic pathway accurately. First, we estimated the distribution of each gene expression from replicate data. Next, we calculated the similarity between all gene pairs by KL divergence, which is a method for calculating the similarity between distributions. Finally, we utilized the similarity vectors as feature vectors and trained the multiclass SVM for identifying the genes' metabolic pathway. To evaluate our developed method, we applied the method to budding yeast and trained the multiclass SVM for identifying the seven metabolic pathways. As a result, the accuracy that calculated by our developed method was higher than the one that calculated from the raw gene expression data. Thus, our developed method combined with KL divergence is useful for identifying the genes' metabolic pathway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20pathways" title="metabolic pathways">metabolic pathways</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20expression%20data" title=" gene expression data"> gene expression data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microarray" title=" microarray"> microarray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kullback%E2%80%93Leibler%20divergence" title=" Kullback–Leibler divergence"> Kullback–Leibler divergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KL%20divergence" title=" KL divergence"> KL divergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machines" title=" support vector machines"> support vector machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVM" title=" SVM"> SVM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23964/application-of-kl-divergence-for-estimation-of-each-metabolic-pathway-genes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5790</span> Alleviation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mosquito Cells to Survive Dengue 2 Virus Infection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiun-Nan%20Hou">Jiun-Nan Hou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tien-Huang%20Chen"> Tien-Huang Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-June%20Chen"> Wei-June Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dengue viruses (DENVs) are naturally transmitted between humans by mosquito vectors. Mosquito cells usually survive DENV infection, allowing infected mosquitoes to retain an active status for virus transmission. In this study, we found that DENV2 virus infection in mosquito cells causes the unfolded protein response (UPR) that activates the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signal pathway, leading to shutdown of global protein translation in infected cells which was apparently regulated by the PERK signal pathway. According to observation in this study, the PERK signal pathway in DENV2-infected C6/36 cells alleviates ER stress, and reduces initiator and effector caspases, as well as the apoptosis rate via shutdown of cellular proteins. In fact, phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2ɑ (eIF2ɑ) by the PERK signal pathway may impair recruitment of ribosomes that bind to the mRNA 5’-cap structure, resulting in an inhibitory effect on canonical cap-dependent cellular protein translation. The resultant pro-survival “byproduct” of infected mosquito cells is undoubtedly advantageous for viral replication. This finding provides insights into elucidating the PERK-mediated modulating web that is actively involved in dynamic protein synthesis, cell survival, and viral replication in mosquito cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cap-dependent%20protein%20translation" title="cap-dependent protein translation">cap-dependent protein translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dengue%20virus" title=" dengue virus"> dengue virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endoplasmic%20reticulum%20stress" title=" endoplasmic reticulum stress"> endoplasmic reticulum stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mosquito%20cells" title=" mosquito cells"> mosquito cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PERK%20signal%20pathway" title=" PERK signal pathway"> PERK signal pathway</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75547/alleviation-of-endoplasmic-reticulum-stress-in-mosquito-cells-to-survive-dengue-2-virus-infection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5789</span> A Framework for Internet Education: Personalised Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoe%20Wong">Zoe Wong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for internet education. This framework uses the personalized learning approach for everyone who can freely develop their qualifications & careers. The key components of the framework includes students, teachers, assessments and infrastructure. It allows remove the challenges and limitations of the current educational system and allows learners' to cope with progressing learning materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20education" title="internet education">internet education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personalized%20approach" title=" personalized approach"> personalized approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20technology" title=" information technology"> information technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framework" title=" framework"> framework</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47256/a-framework-for-internet-education-personalised-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5788</span> Gene Names Identity Recognition Using Siamese Network for Biomedical Publications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Micheal%20Olaolu%20Arowolo">Micheal Olaolu Arowolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Azam"> Muhammad Azam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fei%20He"> Fei He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mihail%20Popescu"> Mihail Popescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Xu"> Dong Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the quantity of biological articles rises, so does the number of biological route figures. Each route figure shows gene names and relationships. Annotating pathway diagrams manually is time-consuming. Advanced image understanding models could speed up curation, but they must be more precise. There is rich information in biological pathway figures. The first step to performing image understanding of these figures is to recognize gene names automatically. Classical optical character recognition methods have been employed for gene name recognition, but they are not optimized for literature mining data. This study devised a method to recognize an image bounding box of gene name as a photo using deep Siamese neural network models to outperform the existing methods using ResNet, DenseNet and Inception architectures, the results obtained about 84% accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20pathway" title="biological pathway">biological pathway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20identification" title=" gene identification"> gene identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object%20detection" title=" object detection"> object detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siamese%20network" title=" Siamese network"> Siamese network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160725/gene-names-identity-recognition-using-siamese-network-for-biomedical-publications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5787</span> Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Developed Clinical Pathway: Suggested Protocol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Salah">Maha Salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanaa%20Hashem"> Hanaa Hashem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20M.%20Alsagheir"> Mahmoud M. Alsagheir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Salah"> Mohammed Salah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents a complex clinical syndrome and carries a high risk for mortality. The severity of the clinical course, the uncertainty of the outcome, and the reliance on the full spectrum of critical care resources for treatment mean that the entire health care team is challenged. Researchers and clinicians have investigated the nature of the pathological process and explored treatment options with the goal of improving outcome. Through this application of research to practice, we know that some previous strategies have been ineffective, and innovations in mechanical ventilation, sedation, nutrition, and pharmacological intervention remain important research initiatives. Developed Clinical pathway is multidisciplinary plans of best clinical practice for this specified groups of patients that aid in the coordination and delivery of high quality care. They are a documented sequence of clinical interventions that help a patient to move, progressively through a clinical experience to a desired outcome. Although there is a lot of heterogeneity in patients with ARDS, this suggested developed clinical pathway with alternatives was built depended on a lot of researches and evidence based medicine and nursing practices which may be helping these patients to improve outcomes, quality of life and decrease mortality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20respiratory%20distress%20syndrome%20%28ARDS%29" title="acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)">acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20pathway" title=" clinical pathway"> clinical pathway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20syndrome" title=" clinical syndrome "> clinical syndrome </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29315/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-ards-developed-clinical-pathway-suggested-protocol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">534</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5786</span> Microbial Bioproduction with Design of Metabolism and Enzyme Engineering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomokazu%20Shirai">Tomokazu Shirai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akihiko%20Kondo"> Akihiko Kondo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Technologies of metabolic engineering or synthetic biology are essential for effective microbial bioproduction. It is especially important to develop an in silico tool for designing a metabolic pathway producing an unnatural and valuable chemical such as fossil materials of fuel or plastics. We here demonstrated two in silico tools for designing novel metabolic pathways: BioProV and HyMeP. Furthermore, we succeeded in creating an artificial metabolic pathway by enzyme engineering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title="bioinformatics">bioinformatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20engineering" title=" metabolic engineering"> metabolic engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20biology" title=" synthetic biology"> synthetic biology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genome%20scale%20model" title=" genome scale model"> genome scale model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64531/microbial-bioproduction-with-design-of-metabolism-and-enzyme-engineering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5785</span> Neuroprotective Effect of Tangeretin against Potassium Dichromate-Induced Acute Brain Injury via Modulating AKT/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Sedik">Ahmed A. Sedik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doaa%20Mahmoud%20Shuaib"> Doaa Mahmoud Shuaib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brain injury is a cause of disability and death worldwide. Potassium dichromate (PD) is an environmental contaminant widely recognized as teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic towards animals and humans. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of tangeretin (TNG) on PD-induced brain injury in rats. Forty male adult Wistar rats were randomly and blindly allocated into four groups (8 rats /group). The first group received saline intranasally (i.n.). The second group received a single dose of PD (2 mg/kg, i.n.). The third group received TNG (50 mg/kg; orally) for 14 days, followed by i.n. of PD on the last day of the experiment. Four groups received TNG (100 mg/kg; orally) for 14 days, followed by i.n. of PD on the last day of the experiment. 18- hours after the final treatment, behavioral parameters, neuro-biochemical indices, FTIR analysis, and histopathological studies were evaluated. Results of the present study revealed that rats intoxicated with PD promoted oxidative stress and inflammation via an increase in MDA and a decrease in Nrf2 signaling pathway and GSH levels with an increase in brain contents of TNF-α, IL-10, and NF-kβ and reduced AKT levels in brain homogenates. Treatment with TNG (100 mg/kg; orally) ameliorated behavioral, cholinergic activities and oxidative stress, decreased the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory mediators; TNF-α, IL-10, and NF-κβ elevated AKT pathway with corrected FTIR spectra with a decrease in brain content of chromium residues detected by atomic absorption spectrometry. Also, TNG administration restored the morphological changes as degenerated neurons and necrosis associated with PD intoxication. Additionally, TNG decreased Caspase-3 expression in the brain of PD rats. TNG plays a crucial role in AKT/Nrf2 pathway that is responsible for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and apoptotic pathway against PD-induced brain injury in rats. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tangeretin" title="tangeretin">tangeretin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20dichromate" title=" potassium dichromate"> potassium dichromate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20injury" title=" brain injury"> brain injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AKT%2FNrf2%20signaling%20pathway" title=" AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway"> AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR" title=" FTIR"> FTIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomic%20absorption%20spectrometry" title=" atomic absorption spectrometry"> atomic absorption spectrometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155926/neuroprotective-effect-of-tangeretin-against-potassium-dichromate-induced-acute-brain-injury-via-modulating-aktnrf2-signaling-pathway-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5784</span> Pyramid of Deradicalization: Causes and Possible Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashir%20Ahmed">Ashir Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Generally, radicalization happens when a person's thinking and behaviour become significantly different from how most of the members of their society and community view social issues and participate politically. Radicalization often leads to violent extremism that refers to the beliefs and actions of people who support or use violence to achieve ideological, religious or political goals. Studies on radicalization negate the common myths that someone must be in a group to be radicalised or anyone who experiences radical thoughts is a violent extremist. Moreover, it is erroneous to suggest that radicalisation is always linked to religion. Generally, the common motives of radicalization include ideological, issue-based, ethno-nationalist or separatist underpinning. Moreover, there are number of factors that further augments the chances of someone being radicalised and may choose the path of violent extremism and possibly terrorism. Since there are numbers of factors (and sometimes quite different) contributing in radicalization and violent extremism, it is highly unlikely to devise a single solution that could produce effective outcomes to deal with radicalization, violent extremism and terrorism. The pathway to deradicalization, like the pathway to radicalisation, is different for everyone. Considering the need of having customized deradicalization resolution, this study proposes a multi-tier framework, called ‘pyramid of deradicalization’ that first help identifying the stage at which an individual could be on the radicalization pathway and then propose a customize strategy to deal with the respective stage. The first tier (tier 1) addresses broader community and proposes a ‘universal approach’ aiming to offer community-based design and delivery of educational programs to raise awareness and provide general information on possible factors leading to radicalization and their remedies. The second tier focuses on the members of community who are more vulnerable and are disengaged from the rest of the community. This tier proposes a ‘targeted approach’ targeting the vulnerable members of the community through early intervention such as providing anonymous help lines where people feel confident and comfortable in seeking help without fearing the disclosure of their identity. The third tier aims to focus on people having clear evidence of moving toward extremism or getting radicalized. The people falls in this tier are believed to be supported through ‘interventionist approach’. The interventionist approach advocates the community engagement and community-policing, introducing deradicalization programmes to the targeted individuals and looking after their physical and mental health issues. The fourth and the last tier suggests the strategies to deal with people who are actively breaking the law. ‘Enforcement approach’ suggests various approaches such as strong law enforcement, fairness and accuracy in reporting radicalization events, unbiased treatment by law based on gender, race, nationality or religion and strengthen the family connections.It is anticipated that the operationalization of the proposed framework (‘pyramid of deradicalization’) would help in categorising people considering their tendency to become radicalized and then offer an appropriate strategy to make them valuable and peaceful members of the community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deradicalization" title="deradicalization">deradicalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framework" title=" framework"> framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title=" terrorism"> terrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violent%20extremism" title=" violent extremism"> violent extremism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86850/pyramid-of-deradicalization-causes-and-possible-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5783</span> Sulforaphane Attenuates Muscle Inflammation in Dystrophin-Deficient Mdx Mice via Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chengcao%20Sun">Chengcao Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuili%20Yang"> Cuili Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shujun%20Li"> Shujun Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruilin%20Xue"> Ruilin Xue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongyong%20Xi"> Yongyong Xi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20Wang"> Liang Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dejia%20Li"> Dejia Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Backgrounds: Inflammation is widely distributed in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and ultimately leads to progressive deterioration of muscle function with the co-effects of chronic muscle damage, oxidative stress, and reduced oxidative capacity. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a critical role in defending against inflammation in different tissues via activation of phase II enzymes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). However, whether Nrf2/HO-1 pathway can attenuate muscle inflammation on DMD remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of Sulforaphane (SFN) on DMD. Methods: 4-week-old male mdx mice were treated with SFN by gavage (2 mg/kg body weight per day) for 4 weeks. Gastrocnemius, tibial anterior and triceps brachii muscles were collected for related analysis. Immune cell infiltration in skeletal muscles was analyzed by H&E staining and immuno-histochemistry. Moreover, the expressions of inflammatory cytokines,pro-inflammatory cytokines and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were detected by western blot, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays. Results: Our results demonstrated that SFN treatment increased the expression of muscle phase II enzymes HO-1 in Nrf2 dependent manner. Inflammation in mdx skeletal muscles was reduced by SFN treatment as indicated by decreased immune cell infiltration and lower expressions of the inflammatory cytokines CD45, pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the skeletal muscles of mdx mice. Conclusions: Collectively, these results show that SFN can ameliorate muscle inflammation in mdx mice by Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which indicates Nrf2/HO-1 pathway may represent a new therapeutic target for DMD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulforaphane" title="sulforaphane">sulforaphane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nrf2" title=" Nrf2"> Nrf2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HO-1" title=" HO-1"> HO-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title=" inflammation"> inflammation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19664/sulforaphane-attenuates-muscle-inflammation-in-dystrophin-deficient-mdx-mice-via-nrf2ho-1-signaling-pathway" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5782</span> A New Development Pathway And Innovative Solutions Through Food Security System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osatuyi%20Kehinde%20Micheal">Osatuyi Kehinde Micheal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is much research that has contributed to an improved understanding of the future of food security, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. A pathway was developed by using a local community kitchen in Muizenberg in western cape province, cape town, south Africa, a case study to map out the future of food security in times of crisis. This kitchen aims to provide nutritious, affordable, plant-based meals to our community. It is also a place of diverse learning, sharing, empowering the volunteers, and growth to support the local economy and future resilience by sustaining our community kitchen for the community. This document contains an overview of the story of the community kitchen on how we create self-sustainability as a new pathway development to sustain the community and reduce Zero hunger in the regional food system. This paper describes the key elements of how we respond to covid-19 pandemic by sharing food parcels and creating 13 soup kitchens across the community to tackle the immediate response to covid-19 pandemic and agricultural systems by growing home food gardening in different homes, also having a consciousness Dry goods store to reduce Zero waste and a local currency as an innovation to reduce food crisis. Insights gained from our article and outreach and their value in how we create adaptation, transformation, and sustainability as a new development pathway to solve any future problem crisis in the food security system in our society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title="sustainability">sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title=" food security"> food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20development" title=" community development"> community development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adapatation" title=" adapatation"> adapatation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation" title=" transformation"> transformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162930/a-new-development-pathway-and-innovative-solutions-through-food-security-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162930.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5781</span> Insight into the Electrocatalytic Activities of Nitrogen-Doped Graphyne and Graphdiyne Families: A First-Principles Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bikram%20K.%20Das">Bikram K. Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalyan%20K.%20Chattopadhyay"> Kalyan K. Chattopadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The advent of 2-D materials in the last decade has induced a fresh spur of growth in fuel cell technology as these materials have some highly promising traits that can be exploited to felicitate Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) in an efficient way. Among the various 2-D carbon materials, graphyne (Gy) and graphdiyne (Gdy)1 with their intrinsic non-uniform charge distribution holds promises in this purpose and it is expected2 that substitutional Nitrogen (N) doping could further enhance their efficiency. In this regard, dispersive force corrected density functional theory is used to map the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics of five different kinds of N doped graphyne and graphdiyne systems (namely αGy, βGy, γGy, RGy and 6,6,12Gy and Gdy) in alkaline medium. The best doping site for each of the Gy/ Gdy system is determined comparing the formation energies of the possible doping configurations. Similarly, the best di-oxygen (O₂) adsorption sites for the doped systems are identified by comparing the adsorption energies. O₂ adsorption on all N doped Gy/ Gdy systems is found to be energetically favorable. ORR on a catalyst surface may occur either via the Eley-Rideal (ER) or the Langmuir–Hinschelwood (LH) pathway. Systematic studies performed on the considered systems reveal that all of them favor the ER pathway. Further, depending on the nature of di-oxygen adsorption ORR can follow either associative or dissociative mechanism; the possibility of occurrence of both the mechanisms is tested thoroughly for each N doped Gy/ Gdy. For the ORR process, all the Gy/Gdy systems are observed to prefer the efficient four-electron pathway but the expected monotonically exothermic reaction pathway is found only for N doped 6,6,12Gy and RGy following the associative pathway and for N doped βGy, γGy and Gdy following the dissociative pathway. Further computation performed for these systems reveals that for N doped 6,6,12Gy, RGy, βGy, γGy and Gdy the overpotentials are 1.08 V, 0.94 V, 1.17 V, 1.21 V and 1.04 V respectively depicting N doped RGy is the most promising material, to carry out ORR in alkaline medium, among the considered ones. The stability of the ORR intermediate states with the variation of pH and electrode potentials is further explored with Pourbiax diagrams and the activities of these systems in the alkaline medium are compared with the prior reported B/N doped identical systems for ORR in an acidic medium in terms of a common descriptor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphdiyne" title="graphdiyne">graphdiyne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphyne" title=" graphyne"> graphyne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen-doped" title=" nitrogen-doped"> nitrogen-doped</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ORR" title=" ORR"> ORR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98050/insight-into-the-electrocatalytic-activities-of-nitrogen-doped-graphyne-and-graphdiyne-families-a-first-principles-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5780</span> The Impact of the New Head Injury Pathway on the Number of CTs Performed in a Paediatric Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amel%20M.%20A.%20Osman">Amel M. A. Osman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roy%20Mahony"> Roy Mahony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Dann"> Lisa Dann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=McKenna%20S."> McKenna S.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Computed Tomography (CT) is a significant source of radiation in the pediatric population. A new head injury (HI) pathway was introduced in 2021, which altered the previous process of HI being jointly admitted with general pediatrics and surgery to admit these patients under the Emergency Medicine Team. Admitted patients included those with positive CT findings not requiring immediate neurosurgical intervention and those who did not meet current criteria for urgent CT brain as per NICE guidelines but were still symptomatic for prolonged observations. This approach aims to decrease the number of CT scans performed. The main aim is to assess the variation in CT scanning rates since the change in the admitting process. A retrospective review of patients presenting to CHI PECU with HI over 6-month period (01/01/19-31/05/19) compared to a 6-month period post introduction of the new pathway (01/06/2022-31/12/2022). Data was collected from the electronic record databases, symphony, and PACS. Results: In 2019, there were 869 presentations of HI, among which 32 (3.68%) had CT scans performed. 2 (6.25%) of those scanned had positive findings. In 2022, there were 1122 HI presentations, with 47 (4.19%) CT scans performed and positive findings in 5 (10.6%) cases. 57 patients were admitted under the new pathway for observation, with 1 having a CT scan following admission. Conclusion: Quantitative lifetime radiation risks for children are not negligible. While there was no statistically significant reduction in CTs performed amongst HIs presenting to our department, a significant group met the criteria for admission under the PECU consultant for prolonged monitoring. There was also a greater proportion of abnormalities on CT scans performed in 2022, demonstrating improved patient selection for imaging. Further data analysis is ongoing to determine if those who were admitted would have previously been scanned under the old pathway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=head%20injury" title="head injury">head injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CT" title=" CT"> CT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=admission" title=" admission"> admission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guidline" title=" guidline"> guidline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184415/the-impact-of-the-new-head-injury-pathway-on-the-number-of-cts-performed-in-a-paediatric-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">53</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5779</span> Shark Cartilage Modulate IL-23/IL-17 Axis by Increasing IFN-γ and Decreasing IL-4 in Patients with Gastric Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Razieh%20Zareia">Razieh Zareia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20ZMB"> Hassan ZMB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darush%20Moslemic"> Darush Moslemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amrollah%20Mostafa-Zaded"> Amrollah Mostafa-Zaded</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Shark is a murine organism and its cartilage has antitumor peptides to prevent angiogenesis, at least, in vitro. The purpose of our research was to evaluate the immune-effectiveness on imbalance between IL-23/IL-17 axis, as an inflammatory pathway and TGF/Foxp3 T regulatory as a inhibitory pathway of commercial shark cartilage that is available as a non-common dietary supplement in IRAN. Materials and Methods: First investigated an imbalanced supernatant of cytokines exist in patients with gastric cancer by ELISA. Associated with cytokines measuring such as IL-23, IL-17, TGF-β, IL-4, and γ-IFN, then flow cytometry was employed to determine whether the peripheral blood mononuclear cells such as CD4+CD25+Foxp3highT regulatory cells in patients with gastric cancer were changed correspondingly. Results: The simultaneously presented up-regulation IL-17A indicated, at least cytokine level without changing in TGF-β amount or CD4+CD25+Foxp3 T regulatory cells, that there are not a direct correlation between IL-23/IL-17 axis and Treg/TGF-β pathway in patients with gastric cancer treated by shark cartilage, but IL-23 was not expressed differentially in this group. So, accompany these changes, an imbalance between Th1 immunity (γ-IFN production) and TH2 immunity (IL-4 secretion) evaluated in patients with gastric cancer treated by shark cartilage. Conclusion: On the basis of results, we propose that shark cartilage, by reducing IL-4, decreasing IL-17 a central cytokine in angiogenesis and increasing γ-IFN amplify anti-tumor immune responses in patients with gastric cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IL-23%2FIL17%20axis" title="IL-23/IL17 axis">IL-23/IL17 axis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TGF-%CE%B2%2FCD4%2BCD25%2BFoxp3high%20T%20regulatory%20pathway" title=" TGF-β/CD4+CD25+Foxp3high T regulatory pathway"> TGF-β/CD4+CD25+Foxp3high T regulatory pathway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B3-IFN" title=" γ-IFN"> γ-IFN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IL-4" title=" IL-4"> IL-4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shark%20cartilage" title=" shark cartilage"> shark cartilage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastric%20cancer" title=" gastric cancer"> gastric cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26474/shark-cartilage-modulate-il-23il-17-axis-by-increasing-ifn-gh-and-decreasing-il-4-in-patients-with-gastric-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5778</span> A Holistic Conceptual Measurement Framework for Assessing the Effectiveness and Viability of an Academic Program</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munir%20Majdalawieh">Munir Majdalawieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Marks"> Adam Marks</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In today’s very competitive higher education industry (HEI), HEIs are faced with the primary concern of developing, deploying, and sustaining high quality academic programs. Today, the HEI has well-established accreditation systems endorsed by a country’s legislation and institutions. The accreditation system is an educational pathway focused on the criteria and processes for evaluating educational programs. Although many aspects of the accreditation process highlight both the past and the present (prove), the “program review” assessment is "forward-looking assessment" (improve) and thus transforms the process into a continuing assessment activity rather than a periodic event. The purpose of this study is to propose a conceptual measurement framework for program review to be used by HEIs to undertake a robust and targeted approach to proactively and continuously review their academic programs to evaluate its practicality and effectiveness as well as to improve the education of the students. The proposed framework consists of two main components: program review principles and the program review measurement matrix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20program" title="academic program">academic program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=program%20review%20principles" title=" program review principles"> program review principles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum%20development" title=" curriculum development"> curriculum development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accreditation" title=" accreditation"> accreditation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title=" assessment"> assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=review%20measurement%20matrix" title=" review measurement matrix"> review measurement matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=program%20review%20process" title=" program review process"> program review process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20technologies%20supporting%20learning" title=" information technologies supporting learning"> information technologies supporting learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%2Fteaching%20methodologies%20and%20assessment" title=" learning/teaching methodologies and assessment"> learning/teaching methodologies and assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79878/a-holistic-conceptual-measurement-framework-for-assessing-the-effectiveness-and-viability-of-an-academic-program" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5777</span> Conversion of Glycerol to 3-Hydroxypropanoic Acid by Genetically Engineered Bacillus subtilis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aida%20Kalantari">Aida Kalantari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boyang%20Ji"> Boyang Ji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Chen"> Tao Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Mijakovic"> Ivan Mijakovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 3-hydroxypropanoic acid (3-HP) is one of the most important biomass-derivable platform chemicals that can be converted into a number of industrially important compounds. There have been several attempts at production of 3-HP from renewable sources in cell factories, focusing mainly on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Despite the significant progress made in this field, commercially exploitable large-scale production of 3-HP in microbial strains has still not been achieved. In this study, we investigated the potential of Bacillus subtilis to be used as a microbial platform for bioconversion of glycerol into 3-HP. Our recombinant B. subtilis strains overexpress the two-step heterologous pathway containing glycerol dehydratase and aldehyde dehydrogenase from various backgrounds. The recombinant strains harboring the codon-optimized synthetic pathway from K. pneumoniae produced low levels of 3-HP. Since the enzymes in the heterologous pathway are sensitive to oxygen, we had to perform our experiments in micro-aerobic conditions. Under these conditions, the cell produces lactate in order to regenerate NAD+, and we found the lactate production to be in competition with the production of 3-HP. Therefore, based on the in silico predictions, we knocked out the glycerol kinase (glpk), which in combination with growth on glucose, resulted in improving the 3-HP titer to 1 g/L and the removal of lactate. Cultivation of the same strain in an enriched medium improved the 3-HP titer up to 7.6 g/L. Our findings provide the first report of successful introduction of the biosynthetic pathway for conversion of glycerol into 3-HP in B. subtilis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacillus%20subtilis" title="bacillus subtilis">bacillus subtilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycerol" title=" glycerol"> glycerol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-hydroxypropanoic%20acid" title=" 3-hydroxypropanoic acid"> 3-hydroxypropanoic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20engineering" title=" metabolic engineering"> metabolic engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59324/conversion-of-glycerol-to-3-hydroxypropanoic-acid-by-genetically-engineered-bacillus-subtilis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5776</span> A Pathway of Collaborative Platform to Assess the Sustainable University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Ashiquer%20Rahman">S. K. Ashiquer Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper concentrates on the importance of Sustainable Campus Strategies, emphasizing the significance of mobilizing Innovative technological tools for constructing effectiveness of higher education strategy and institutional cooperation for sustainable campus at the university level and preparing the university’s authority to face the upcoming higher education strategy and institutional cooperation difficulties to the Sustainable Campus Plan. Within a framework of Sustainable Campus Strategies and institutional cooperation, the paper discusses the significance of a set of reference points that will lead to operational activities for multi-stakeholder multi-criteria evaluation of Higher Education and Research Institutions relative to the Sustainable Campus criteria and potential action plan for the University’s Strategy and Institutional Cooperation. It makes mention of the emergence of the effectiveness of Higher Education Strategy and Institutional Cooperation as well as the necessity of mobilizing innovative technological methods and tools for constructing the effectiveness of this Process. The paper outlines the conceptual framing of a Sustainable Campus Strategy, Institutional Cooperation and Action Plan for a sustainable campus. Optimistically, these will be a milestone in higher education, a pathway to meet the imminent Sustainable Campus Strategy and Institutional Cooperation of the completive world, and be able to manage the required criteria for a Sustainable University. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education%20strategy" title="higher education strategy">higher education strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20cooperation" title=" institutional cooperation"> institutional cooperation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20campus" title=" sustainable campus"> sustainable campus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-criteria%20evaluation" title=" multi-criteria evaluation"> multi-criteria evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovative%20method%20and%20tools" title=" innovative method and tools"> innovative method and tools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179722/a-pathway-of-collaborative-platform-to-assess-the-sustainable-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5775</span> IL6/PI3K/mTOR/GFAP Molecular Pathway Role in COVID-19-Induced Neurodegenerative Autophagy, Impacts and Relatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadjavad%20Sotoudeheian">Mohammadjavad Sotoudeheian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> COVID-19, which began in December 2019, uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to enter and spread through the cells. ACE2 mRNA is present in almost every organ, including nasopharynx, lung, as well as the brain. Ports of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the central nervous system (CNS) may include arterial circulation, while viremia is remarkable. However, it is imperious to develop neurological symptoms evaluation CSF analysis in patients with COVID-19, but theoretically, ACE2 receptors are expressed in cerebellar cells and may be a target for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the brain. Recent evidence agrees that SARS-CoV-2 can impact the brain through direct and indirect injury. Two biomarkers for CNS injury, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (NFL) detected in the plasma of patients with COVID-19. NFL, an axonal protein expressed in neurons, is related to axonal neurodegeneration, and GFAP is over-expressed in CNS inflammation. GFAP cytoplasmic accumulation causes Schwan cells to misfunction, so affects myelin generation, reduces neuroskeletal support over NfLs during CNS inflammation, and leads to axonal degeneration. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), which extensively over-express due to interleukin storm during COVID-19 inflammation, regulates gene expression, as well as GFAP through STAT molecular pathway. IL-6 also impresses the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/STAT/smads pathway. The PI3K/ protein kinase B (Akt) pathway is the main modulator upstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and alterations in this pathway are common in neurodegenerative diseases. Most neurodegenerative diseases show a disruption of autophagic function and display an abnormal increase in protein aggregation that promotes cellular death. Therefore, induction of autophagy has been recommended as a rational approach to help neurons clear abnormal protein aggregates and survive. The mTOR is a major regulator of the autophagic process and is regulated by cellular stressors. The mTORC1 pathway and mTORC2, as complementary and important elements in mTORC1 signaling, have become relevant in the regulation of the autophagic process and cellular survival through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mTORC1" title="mTORC1">mTORC1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PI3K" title=" PI3K"> PI3K</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autophagy" title=" autophagy"> autophagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurodegeneration" title=" neurodegeneration"> neurodegeneration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162174/il6pi3kmtorgfap-molecular-pathway-role-in-covid-19-induced-neurodegenerative-autophagy-impacts-and-relatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathway%20framework&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathway%20framework&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathway%20framework&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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