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interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association" title="Women's United Soccer Association – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Women's United Soccer Association" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association" title="Women's United Soccer Association – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Women's United Soccer Association" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association" title="Women's United Soccer Association – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Women's United Soccer Association" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/WUSA" title="WUSA – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="WUSA" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association" title="Women's United Soccer Association – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Women's United Soccer Association" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%90%E3%82%B5%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0" title="アメリカ女子サッカーリーグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ女子サッカーリーグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%E2%80%99s_United_Soccer_Association" title="Women’s United Soccer Association – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Women’s United Soccer Association" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association" title="Women's United Soccer Association – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Women's United Soccer Association" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Женская объединённая футбольная ассоциация – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Женская объединённая футбольная ассоциация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%E2%80%99s_United_Soccer_Association" title="Women’s United Soccer Association – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Women’s United Soccer Association" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association" title="Women's United Soccer Association – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Women's United Soccer Association" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1774339#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Professional soccer league</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Football league</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:auto; min-width:21em; max-width:25em"><caption class="infobox-title">Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association_logo.svg/150px-Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association_logo.svg/225px-Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association_logo.svg/300px-Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="344" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">2000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Folded</th><td class="infobox-data">2003</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_association_football" title="Geography of association football">Confederation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CONCACAF" title="CONCACAF">CONCACAF</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of teams</th><td class="infobox-data">8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Level on pyramid</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_soccer_pyramid" class="mw-redirect" title="United States soccer pyramid">1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domestic cup(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Founders Cup</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last champions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Freedom_(soccer)" title="Washington Freedom (soccer)">Washington Freedom</a> (1st title)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Most championships</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_CyberRays" title="San Jose CyberRays">Bay Area CyberRays</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Courage" title="Carolina Courage">Carolina Courage</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Washington_Freedom_(soccer)" title="Washington Freedom (soccer)">Washington Freedom</a> (1 title each)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">TV partners</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turner_Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Turner Sports">Turner Sports</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Women's United Soccer Association</b> (<b>WUSA</b>) was the world's first <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_association_football" title="Women's association football">women's soccer</a> league in which all the players were paid as professionals.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Founded in February 2000, the league began its first season in April 2001 with eight teams in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The league suspended operations on September 15, 2003, shortly after the end of its third season, after making cumulative losses of around US$100 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Confident,_yes,_but_can_new_league_survive?_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Confident,_yes,_but_can_new_league_survive?-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment">Establishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a result of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team" title="United States women's national soccer team">US women's national team</a>'s (USWNT) first-place showing in the <a href="/wiki/1999_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="1999 FIFA Women's World Cup">1999 FIFA Women's World Cup</a>, a seemingly viable market for the sport germinated.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Feeding on the momentum of their victory, the twenty USWNT players, in partnership with <a href="/wiki/John_Hendricks" title="John Hendricks">John Hendricks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a>, sought out the investors, markets, and players necessary to form an eight-team league.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The twenty founding players were <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Akers" title="Michelle Akers">Michelle Akers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brandi_Chastain" title="Brandi Chastain">Brandi Chastain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tracy_Ducar" title="Tracy Ducar">Tracy Ducar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorrie_Fair" title="Lorrie Fair">Lorrie Fair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joy_Fawcett" title="Joy Fawcett">Joy Fawcett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danielle_Fotopoulos" title="Danielle Fotopoulos">Danielle Fotopoulos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Foudy" title="Julie Foudy">Julie Foudy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mia_Hamm" title="Mia Hamm">Mia Hamm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristine_Lilly" title="Kristine Lilly">Kristine Lilly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shannon_MacMillan" title="Shannon MacMillan">Shannon MacMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiffeny_Milbrett" title="Tiffeny Milbrett">Tiffeny Milbrett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carla_Overbeck" title="Carla Overbeck">Carla Overbeck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Parlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Cindy Parlow">Cindy Parlow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christie_Rampone" class="mw-redirect" title="Christie Rampone">Christie Pearce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_Roberts" title="Tiffany Roberts">Tiffany Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Briana_Scurry" title="Briana Scurry">Briana Scurry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kate_Markgraf" title="Kate Markgraf">Kate (Markgraf) Sobrero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tisha_Venturini" title="Tisha Venturini">Tisha Venturini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskia_Webber" title="Saskia Webber">Saskia Webber</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sara_Whalen" title="Sara Whalen">Sara Whalen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initial investment in the league was provided by the following:<sup id="cite_ref-Women’s_United_Soccer_Association_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Women’s_United_Soccer_Association-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_Warner_Cable" title="Time Warner Cable">Time Warner Cable</a>, $5 million<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cox_Enterprises" title="Cox Enterprises">Cox Enterprises</a>, $5 million</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cox_Communications" title="Cox Communications">Cox Communications</a>, $5 million</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Hostetter_Jr." title="Amos Hostetter Jr.">Amos Hostetter Jr.</a>, $5 million</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comcast_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Comcast Corporation">Comcast Corporation</a>, $5 million</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hendricks" title="John Hendricks">John Hendricks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comcast_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Comcast Corporation">Comcast Corporation</a>, $2.5 million each</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Hostetter_Jr." title="Amos Hostetter Jr.">Amos Hostetter Jr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Hendricks" title="John Hendricks">John Hendricks</a>, $2.5 million each</li></ul> <p>The U.S. Soccer Federation approved membership of the league as a sanctioned Division 1 women's professional soccer league on August 18, 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-WUSA_Granted_U.S._Soccer_Membership_as_Division_I_Women's_Professional_Soccer_League_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WUSA_Granted_U.S._Soccer_Membership_as_Division_I_Women's_Professional_Soccer_League-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tony_DiCicco" title="Tony DiCicco">Tony DiCicco</a> was made commissioner.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_coverage">Media coverage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Media coverage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At various times, games were televised on <a href="/wiki/Turner_Network_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Turner Network Television">TNT</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNN_Sports_Illustrated" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN Sports Illustrated">CNNSI</a>, <a href="/wiki/ESPN2" title="ESPN2">ESPN2</a>, <a href="/wiki/I_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="I (TV network)">PAX TV</a>, and various local and regional sports channels via <a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Regional_Networks" title="NBC Sports Regional Networks">Comcast</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cox_Sports_Television" title="Cox Sports Television">Cox</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fox_Sports_Networks" title="Fox Sports Networks">Fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/AT%26T_SportsNet" title="AT&T SportsNet">AT&T</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MSG_Network" title="MSG Network">MSG</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Women's_United_Soccer_Association_(WUSA)_Announces_Television_Coverage_for_Every_Game_During_Inaugural_Season_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Women's_United_Soccer_Association_(WUSA)_Announces_Television_Coverage_for_Every_Game_During_Inaugural_Season-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TNT_and_CNN/SI_(2001)"><span id="TNT_and_CNN.2FSI_.282001.29"></span>TNT and CNN/SI (2001)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: TNT and CNN/SI (2001)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Soccer_on_Turner_Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer on Turner Sports">Soccer on Turner Sports</a></div> <p>TNT<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> broadcast the first<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WUSA game on April 21, 2001, which was contest between the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Beat_(WUSA)" title="Atlanta Beat (WUSA)">Atlanta Beat</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Power" title="New York Power">New York Power</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Dodd_Stadium" title="Bobby Dodd Stadium">Bobby Dodd Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former <a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team" title="United States women's national soccer team">U.S. national team</a> member <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Gebauer_Palladino" class="mw-redirect" title="Wendy Gebauer Palladino">Wendy Gebauer Palladino</a> helped called the game alongside broadcaster <a href="/wiki/JP_Dellacamera" title="JP Dellacamera">JP Dellacamera</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and American soccer great <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Akers" title="Michelle Akers">Michelle Akers</a>. About 22 games<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were scheduled to be broadcast nationally on TNT or CNN/SI<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2001. 15 games were initially expected to be shown on TNT<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and seven games<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on CNN/SI over the course of June to August.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deal included broadcast of playoffs and the championship game,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Founders Cup.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a four-year span, TNT and CNN/SI were due to televise at least 88 games,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under a <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>3 million TV contract.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ratings were not available for CNN/SI<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the 2001 season as the cable TV provider did not reach enough households to be a statistical factor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pax_(2002–2003)"><span id="Pax_.282002.E2.80.932003.29"></span>Pax (2002–2003)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pax (2002–2003)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/2001_WUSA_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 WUSA season">2001 season</a>, the WUSA opted out<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of its four-year<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> agreement to go with a two-year pact<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the <a href="/wiki/Ion_Television#PAX_(1998–2005)" title="Ion Television">Pax network</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WUSA's reasoning that Pax's offer for a 4 p.m. Saturday timeslot was more desirable<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> than the noon<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> timeslot that TNT offered. </p><p>The change<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from TNT and CNN/SI to Pax however, may have immediately depressed <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_ratings" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen ratings">ratings</a> by confusing fans.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To be more specific, the WUSA's ratings plunged from the 0.4<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 0.2<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> average it got on TNT to a 0.1 average on Pax. In other words, where as an average of 425,000 households tuned in to watch the games on TNT, fewer than 100,000 watched them on Pax. Keep in mind that Pax was a station available in 90 million,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 5 million more than TNT.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The move to Pax also came as <a href="/wiki/WarnerMedia#AOL_Time_Warner_(2001–2003)" title="WarnerMedia">AOL Time Warner</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> considered morphing CNN/SI into a <a href="/wiki/NBA_TV" title="NBA TV">basketball channel</a> that would be co-owned with the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a>. </p><p>Pax's coverage in itself, concerned the broadcast of the <i>WUSA Game of the Week</i>, on 19 consecutive Saturdays<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beginning in April at 4:00 p.m.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">ET</a>). In 2003, the league wouldn't decide on the opponents for the final Pax <i>Game of the Week</i> on August 9 in order to provide soccer fans with the best possible matchup with playoff implications. The decision on the two opponents for the August 9 game would be made in early August. In total,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pax was scheduled to televise 18<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> regular season games and one WUSA Playoff Semifinal in the second week of August. </p><p>Pax would receive certain cross-promotional opportunities with the league, including signs at each team venue, although the WUSA would handle ad sales for the games. The agreement carried a reported value of $2 million.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ESPN2_(2003)"><span id="ESPN2_.282003.29"></span>ESPN2 (2003)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: ESPN2 (2003)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Soccer_on_ESPN" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer on ESPN">Soccer on ESPN</a></div> <p>For the WUSA's third and final season,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they announced that <a href="/wiki/ESPN2" title="ESPN2">ESPN2</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> would join Pax in broadcasting 23 league games in <a href="/wiki/2003_WUSA_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 WUSA season">2003</a>. This would begin with a rematch of Founders Cup II<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Freedom_(soccer)" title="Washington Freedom (soccer)">Washington Freedom</a> visit the <a href="/wiki/Carolina_Courage" title="Carolina Courage">Carolina Courage</a> on April 5. ESPN2 was scheduled to broadcast only four of the 23 nationally televised games. This included the All-Star Game<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on June 19 and the Founders Cup<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on August 24. <a href="/wiki/Beth_Mowins" title="Beth Mowins">Beth Mowins</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Anson_Dorrance" title="Anson Dorrance">Anson Dorrance</a> handled WUSA games on not just Pax<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but ESPN2 also. </p><p>The WUSA ultimately scored a 0.1 percent rating on Pax and 0.2 percent on ESPN2.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teams">Teams</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Teams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The WUSA franchises were located in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>; <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>; <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>; <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cary,_North_Carolina" title="Cary, North Carolina">Cary, N.C.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>; <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, Ca.</a>; and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team </th> <th>Stadium </th> <th>City </th> <th>Founded </th> <th>Joined WUSA </th> <th>Left </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Beat_(WUSA)" title="Atlanta Beat (WUSA)">Atlanta Beat</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Dodd_Stadium" title="Bobby Dodd Stadium">Bobby Dodd Stadium</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>Dissolved with league </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Boston_Breakers_(WUSA)" title="Boston Breakers (WUSA)">Boston Breakers</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Nickerson_Field" title="Nickerson Field">Nickerson Field</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>Dissolved with league </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Courage" title="Carolina Courage">Carolina Courage</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/SAS_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="SAS Stadium">SAS Stadium</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Cary,_North_Carolina" title="Cary, North Carolina">Cary, North Carolina</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>Dissolved with league </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/New_York_Power" title="New York Power">New York Power</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mitchel_Athletic_Complex" title="Mitchel Athletic Complex">Mitchel Athletic Complex</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Uniondale,_New_York" title="Uniondale, New York">Uniondale, New York</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>Dissolved with league </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Charge" title="Philadelphia Charge">Philadelphia Charge</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Villanova_Stadium" title="Villanova Stadium">Villanova Stadium</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Villanova,_Pennsylvania" title="Villanova, Pennsylvania">Villanova, Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>Dissolved with league </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Spirit" title="San Diego Spirit">San Diego Spirit</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Torero_Stadium" title="Torero Stadium">Torero Stadium</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego, California</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>Dissolved with league </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_CyberRays" title="San Jose CyberRays">San Jose CyberRays</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/CEFCU_Stadium" title="CEFCU Stadium">Spartan Stadium</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>Dissolved with league </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Washington_Freedom_(soccer)" title="Washington Freedom (soccer)">Washington Freedom</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/RFK_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="RFK Stadium">RFK Stadium</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>Hiatus, resumed with USL W-League in 2006 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Originally intended to be in <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, and were going to be called the <b>Orlando Tempest</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Originally called the <i>Bay Area CyberRays</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:502px"><div style="position:relative;width:500px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Women's United Soccer Association is located in the United States"><img alt="Women's United Soccer Association is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/750px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/1000px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.684%;left:70.329%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Atlanta Beat"><img alt="Atlanta Beat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Beat_(WUSA)" title="Atlanta Beat (WUSA)">Atlanta Beat</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.126%;left:89.356%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Boston Breakers"><img alt="Boston Breakers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Boston_Breakers_(WUSA)" title="Boston Breakers (WUSA)">Boston Breakers</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.084%;left:80.011%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Carolina Courage"><img alt="Carolina Courage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Courage" title="Carolina Courage">Carolina Courage</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.279%;left:86.352%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="New York Power"><img alt="New York Power" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/New_York_Power" title="New York Power">New York Power</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.326%;left:83.926%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Philadelphia Charge"><img alt="Philadelphia Charge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Charge" title="Philadelphia Charge">Philadelphia Charge</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.134%;left:11.799%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="San Diego Spirit"><img alt="San Diego Spirit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Spirit" title="San Diego Spirit">San Diego Spirit</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.453%;left:6.178%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="San Jose CyberRays"><img alt="San Jose CyberRays" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_CyberRays" title="San Jose CyberRays">San Jose CyberRays</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.492%;left:81.743%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Washington Freedom"><img alt="Washington Freedom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Washington_Freedom_(soccer)" title="Washington Freedom (soccer)">Washington Freedom</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" title="File:Usa edcp location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Locations of the teams</div></div></div></div> <p>For the inaugural season, each roster primarily consisted of players from the United States, although up to four international players were allowed on each team's roster.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the international players were <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sun_Wen_(footballer)" title="Sun Wen (footballer)">Sun Wen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pu_Wei" title="Pu Wei">Pu Wei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fan_Yunjie" title="Fan Yunjie">Fan Yunjie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Ouying" title="Zhang Ouying">Zhang Ouying</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gao_Hong_(footballer)" title="Gao Hong (footballer)">Gao Hong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Lihong" title="Zhao Lihong">Zhao Lihong</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bai_Jie" title="Bai Jie">Bai Jie</a>; Germany's <a href="/wiki/Birgit_Prinz" title="Birgit Prinz">Birgit Prinz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conny_Pohlers" title="Conny Pohlers">Conny Pohlers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steffi_Jones" title="Steffi Jones">Steffi Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maren_Meinert" title="Maren Meinert">Maren Meinert</a>; <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hege_Riise" title="Hege Riise">Hege Riise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unni_Lehn" title="Unni Lehn">Unni Lehn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dagny_Mellgren" title="Dagny Mellgren">Dagny Mellgren</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sissi_(footballer)" title="Sissi (footballer)">Sissi</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1tia_Cilene_Teixeira_da_Silva" class="mw-redirect" title="Kátia Cilene Teixeira da Silva">Kátia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delma_Gon%C3%A7alves" class="mw-redirect" title="Delma Gonçalves">Pretinha</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Charmaine_Hooper" title="Charmaine Hooper">Charmaine Hooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sharolta_Nonen" title="Sharolta Nonen">Sharolta Nonen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christine_Latham" title="Christine Latham">Christine Latham</a>. </p><p>The league also hosted singular talents from nations which were not then at the forefront of women's soccer, such as <a href="/wiki/Maribel_Dominguez" class="mw-redirect" title="Maribel Dominguez">Maribel Dominguez</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homare_Sawa" title="Homare Sawa">Homare Sawa</a> of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Fleeting" title="Julie Fleeting">Julie Fleeting</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Salisbury" title="Cheryl Salisbury">Cheryl Salisbury</a> of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marinette_Pichon" title="Marinette Pichon">Marinette Pichon</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Smith" title="Kelly Smith">Kelly Smith</a> of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="WUSA_Awards">WUSA Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: WUSA Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founders_Cup_champions">Founders Cup champions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Founders Cup champions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Founders Cup</b> (named in honor of the 20 founding players) was awarded to the winner of a four-team, single-elimination postseason playoff.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Season </th> <th>Champion </th> <th>Score </th> <th>Runner-Up </th> <th>City </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2001_WUSA_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 WUSA season">2001</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_CyberRays" title="San Jose CyberRays">Bay Area CyberRays</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2001_WUSA_Founders_Cup" title="2001 WUSA Founders Cup">3–3</a> <a href="/wiki/Extra_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Extra time">asdet</a><br />4–2 pen </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Beat_(WUSA)" title="Atlanta Beat (WUSA)">Atlanta Beat</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foxboro,_MA" class="mw-redirect" title="Foxboro, MA">Foxboro, MA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_WUSA_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 WUSA season">2002</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Courage" title="Carolina Courage">Carolina Courage</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_WUSA_Founders_Cup" title="2002 WUSA Founders Cup">3–2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_Freedom_(soccer)" title="Washington Freedom (soccer)">Washington Freedom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_GA" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, GA">Atlanta, GA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2003_WUSA_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 WUSA season">2003</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_Freedom_(soccer)" title="Washington Freedom (soccer)">Washington Freedom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2003_WUSA_Founders_Cup" title="2003 WUSA Founders Cup">2–1</a> <a href="/wiki/Extra_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Extra time">asdet</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Beat_(WUSA)" title="Atlanta Beat (WUSA)">Atlanta Beat</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, CA">San Diego, CA</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>"asdet" stands for "after sudden death extra time". WUSA's sudden death overtime was 15 minutes long (two 7½-minute periods) and used only in the playoffs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="League_suspension">League suspension</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: League suspension"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The WUSA played for three full seasons, suspending operations on September 15, 2003, shortly after the conclusion of the third season.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither television ratings nor attendance met forecasts, while the league spent its initial $40<span class="nowrap"> </span>million budget, planned to last five years, by the end of the first season. Even though the players took salary cuts of up to 30% for the final season, with the founding players (who also held an <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">equity</a> stake in the league) taking the largest cuts, that was not enough to bring expenses under control.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the hopes of an eventual relaunch of the league, all rights to team names, <a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">logos</a>, and similar properties were preserved. Efforts to line up new sources of <a href="/wiki/Capital_(economics)" title="Capital (economics)">capital</a> and operating funds continued. In June <a href="/wiki/2004_in_sports" title="2004 in sports">2004</a>, the WUSA held two "WUSA Festivals" in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blaine,_Minnesota" title="Blaine, Minnesota">Blaine, Minnesota</a>, featuring matches between reconstituted WUSA teams (often with marquee players borrowed from other teams), in order to maintain the league in the public eye and sustain interest in women's professional soccer.<sup id="cite_ref-SOCCER;_Women's_Soccer_League_Folds_on_World_Cup's_Eve_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOCCER;_Women's_Soccer_League_Folds_on_World_Cup's_Eve-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the WUSA on hiatus, the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Premier_Soccer_League" title="Women's Premier Soccer League">Women's Premier Soccer League</a> (WPSL) and the <a href="/wiki/USL_W-League_(1995%E2%80%932015)" title="USL W-League (1995–2015)">W-League</a> regained their status as the premier women's soccer leagues in the United States, and many former WUSA players joined those teams.<sup id="cite_ref-SOCCER_/_Collapse_of_WUSA_leaves_void_/_College,_pro_players_ponder_their_futures_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOCCER_/_Collapse_of_WUSA_leaves_void_/_College,_pro_players_ponder_their_futures-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new women's professional soccer league in the United States called <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Soccer" title="Women's Professional Soccer">Women's Professional Soccer</a> started in 2009. However, that league suspended operations in January 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-Goal_Goal_The_New_York_Times_Soccer_Blog_W.P.S._Suspends_Operations_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goal_Goal_The_New_York_Times_Soccer_Blog_W.P.S._Suspends_Operations-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">National Women's Soccer League</a> which continues to this day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_WUSA_drafts" title="List of WUSA drafts">List of WUSA drafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Soccer" title="Women's Professional Soccer">Women's Professional Soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">National Women's Soccer League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_sports" title="Women's sports">Women's sports</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHellborg2012" class="citation journal cs1">Hellborg, Anna Maria (November 21, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idrottsforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/hellborg121126.pdf">"The Challenges of Women's Professional Soccer in the US A theoretically and empirically informed discussion"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>idrottsforum.org</i>: 15<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(April 17, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.villagevoice.com/2001/04/17/foot-soldiers/">"Foot Soldiers"</a>. <i>The Village Voice</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Village+Voice&rft.atitle=Foot+Soldiers&rft.date=2001-04-17&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Jeff+Z.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.villagevoice.com%2F2001%2F04%2F17%2Ffoot-soldiers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goheels.com/news/2001/3/13/205478390.aspx">"DELLACAMERA AND UNC'S GEBAUER TO ANNOUNCE FOR TNT AND CNN/SI'S WUSA GAMES"</a>. <i>Go Heels</i>. March 13, 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Go+Heels&rft.atitle=DELLACAMERA+AND+UNC%27S+GEBAUER+TO+ANNOUNCE+FOR+TNT+AND+CNN%2FSI%27S+WUSA+GAMES&rft.date=2001-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgoheels.com%2Fnews%2F2001%2F3%2F13%2F205478390.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/13138/wusa-tnt-and-cnnsi-to-show-22-games.html">"WUSA: TNT and CNNSI to show 22 games"</a>. <i>Soccer America</i>. February 20, 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soccer+America&rft.atitle=WUSA%3A+TNT+and+CNNSI+to+show+22+games&rft.date=2001-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.socceramerica.com%2Fpublications%2Farticle%2F13138%2Fwusa-tnt-and-cnnsi-to-show-22-games.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStossel" class="citation news cs1">Stossel, Scott. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2001/06/as-american-as-women-s-soccer/302250/">"As American as Women's Soccer?"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=As+American+as+Women%27s+Soccer%3F&rft.aulast=Stossel&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F2001%2F06%2Fas-american-as-women-s-soccer%2F302250%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socceramerica.com/article/13138/wusa-tnt-and-cnnsi-to-show-22-games.html">"WUSA: TNT and CNNSI to show 22 games"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Soccer_America" title="Soccer America">Soccer America</a></i>. February 20, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soccer+America&rft.atitle=WUSA%3A+TNT+and+CNNSI+to+show+22+games&rft.date=2001-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.socceramerica.com%2Farticle%2F13138%2Fwusa-tnt-and-cnnsi-to-show-22-games.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEjmyhbx7FU"><span class="plainlinks">WUSA 2001 Carolina Courage v Washington Freedom regular season</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTedesco2000" class="citation news cs1">Tedesco, Richard (April 17, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nexttv.com/news/wusa-scores-turner-pact-86113">"WUSA scores Turner pact"</a>. <i>Broadcasting+Cable</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting%2BCable&rft.atitle=WUSA+scores+Turner+pact&rft.date=2000-04-17&rft.aulast=Tedesco&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nexttv.com%2Fnews%2Fwusa-scores-turner-pact-86113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPenner2001" class="citation news cs1">Penner, Mike (April 16, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-apr-16-sp-51696-story.html">"It's the Birth of a Notion"</a>. <i>Los Angeles</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles&rft.atitle=It%27s+the+Birth+of+a+Notion&rft.date=2001-04-16&rft.aulast=Penner&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2001-apr-16-sp-51696-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge2001" class="citation news cs1">George, John (April 9, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/stories/2001/04/09/story8.html">"Women's soccer team ready to Charge"</a>. <i>Philadelphia Business Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philadelphia+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=Women%27s+soccer+team+ready+to+Charge&rft.date=2001-04-09&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fphiladelphia%2Fstories%2F2001%2F04%2F09%2Fstory8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://und.com/ten-former-irish-players-making-their-mark-in-women-s-united-soccer-association/">"Ten Former Irish Players Making Their Mark In Women's ..."</a> <i>The University of Notre Dame</i>. August 8, 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Notre+Dame&rft.atitle=Ten+Former+Irish+Players+Making+Their+Mark+In+Women%27s+...&rft.date=2001-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fund.com%2Ften-former-irish-players-making-their-mark-in-women-s-united-soccer-association%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltDUTGdtbek"><span class="plainlinks">WUSA 2001 Bay Area CyberRays v Atlanta Beat Founders Cup I</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrecker" class="citation news cs1">Trecker, Jamie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espn.com/soccer/s/2000/0412/477455.html">"WMLS? No way, say U.S. women"</a>. <i>ESPN.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=WMLS%3F+No+way%2C+say+U.S.+women&rft.aulast=Trecker&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fsoccer%2Fs%2F2000%2F0412%2F477455.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWahl" class="citation magazine cs1">Wahl, Grant. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vault.si.com/vault/2000/05/01/battle-of-the-sexes">"BATTLE OF THE SEXES"</a>. <i>Sports Illustrated</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=BATTLE+OF+THE+SEXES&rft.aulast=Wahl&rft.aufirst=Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvault.si.com%2Fvault%2F2000%2F05%2F01%2Fbattle-of-the-sexes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fifa.com/womens-football/news/wusa-big-success-despite-small-audiences-79755">"WUSA – big success despite small TV audiences"</a>. <i>FIFA</i>. October 19, 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FIFA&rft.atitle=WUSA+%E2%80%93+big+success+despite+small+TV+audiences&rft.date=2001-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fwomens-football%2Fnews%2Fwusa-big-success-despite-small-audiences-79755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward2003" class="citation news cs1">Howard, Johnette (October 11, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsday.com/sports/wusa-the-epilogue-lack-of-television-insight-is-no-1-reason-league-is-on-the-shelf-1.368183">"WUSA THE EPILOGUE: Lack of television insight is No. 1 reason league is on the shelf"</a>. <i>Newsday</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsday&rft.atitle=WUSA+THE+EPILOGUE%3A+Lack+of+television+insight+is+No.+1+reason+league+is+on+the+shelf&rft.date=2003-10-11&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Johnette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsday.com%2Fsports%2Fwusa-the-epilogue-lack-of-television-insight-is-no-1-reason-league-is-on-the-shelf-1.368183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson" class="citation web cs1">Henderson, Christopher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/henderson_christopher_201505_phd.pdf">"MARKETING OF PROFESSIONAL WOMEN'S SOCCER IN THE UNITED STATES THROUGH FEMINIST THEORIES"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MARKETING+OF+PROFESSIONAL+WOMEN%27S+SOCCER+IN+THE+UNITED+STATES+THROUGH+FEMINIST+THEORIES&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgetd.libs.uga.edu%2Fpdfs%2Fhenderson_christopher_201505_phd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/soccer/news/2002/0825/1422648.html">"WUSA had big drop in attendance"</a>. <i>ESPN.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=WUSA+had+big+drop+in+attendance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fsoccer%2Fnews%2F2002%2F0825%2F1422648.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUmstead2001" class="citation news cs1">Umstead, R. Thomas (December 18, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.multichannel.com/news/pax-tv-nets-wusa-pact-146951">"Pax TV Nets WUSA Pact"</a>. <i>Multichannel News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Multichannel+News&rft.atitle=Pax+TV+Nets+WUSA+Pact&rft.date=2001-12-18&rft.aulast=Umstead&rft.aufirst=R.+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.multichannel.com%2Fnews%2Fpax-tv-nets-wusa-pact-146951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongman2002" class="citation news cs1">Longman, Jere (June 3, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/03/sports/soccer-us-soccer-sport-of-70-s-80-s-and-90-s-still-waits.html">"SOCCER; U.S. Soccer: Sport of 70's, 80's and 90's Still Waits"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=SOCCER%3B+U.S.+Soccer%3A+Sport+of+70%27s%2C+80%27s+and+90%27s+Still+Waits&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.aulast=Longman&rft.aufirst=Jere&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F06%2F03%2Fsports%2Fsoccer-us-soccer-sport-of-70-s-80-s-and-90-s-still-waits.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongman2003" class="citation news cs1">Longman, Jere (September 16, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/16/sports/soccer-women-s-soccer-league-folds-on-world-cup-s-eve.html">"SOCCER; Women's Soccer League Folds on World Cup's Eve"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=SOCCER%3B+Women%27s+Soccer+League+Folds+on+World+Cup%27s+Eve&rft.date=2003-09-16&rft.aulast=Longman&rft.aufirst=Jere&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F09%2F16%2Fsports%2Fsoccer-women-s-soccer-league-folds-on-world-cup-s-eve.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchultz2014" class="citation book cs1">Schultz, Jaime (March 15, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e-7kAgAAQBAJ&q=Women%27s+United+Soccer+Association+CNN%2FSI&pg=PA191"><i>Qualifying Times: Points of Change in U.S. Women's Sport</i></a>. University of Illinois Press. p. 191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780252095962" title="Special:BookSources/9780252095962"><bdi>9780252095962</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Qualifying+Times%3A+Points+of+Change+in+U.S.+Women%27s+Sport&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2014-03-15&rft.isbn=9780252095962&rft.aulast=Schultz&rft.aufirst=Jaime&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De-7kAgAAQBAJ%26q%3DWomen%2527s%2BUnited%2BSoccer%2BAssociation%2BCNN%252FSI%26pg%3DPA191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosner,_Shropshire2011" class="citation book cs1">Rosner, Shropshire, Scott, Kenneth (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-owSi55tLZAC&q=wusa+cnn%2Fsi&pg=PA103"><i>The Business of Sports</i></a>. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780763780784" title="Special:BookSources/9780763780784"><bdi>9780763780784</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Business+of+Sports&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780763780784&rft.aulast=Rosner%2C+Shropshire&rft.aufirst=Scott%2C+Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-owSi55tLZAC%26q%3Dwusa%2Bcnn%252Fsi%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warnermediagroup.com/newsroom/press-releases/2001/05/17/soccer-superstar-mia-hamm-to-answer-this-week-s-aol-question-of">"Soccer Superstar Mia Hamm To Answer This Week's 'AOL Question Of The Game' On TNT"</a>. <i>WarnerMedia</i>. May 17, 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WarnerMedia&rft.atitle=Soccer+Superstar+Mia+Hamm+To+Answer+This+Week%27s+%27AOL+Question+Of+The+Game%27+On+TNT&rft.date=2001-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.warnermediagroup.com%2Fnewsroom%2Fpress-releases%2F2001%2F05%2F17%2Fsoccer-superstar-mia-hamm-to-answer-this-week-s-aol-question-of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrecker2002" class="citation news cs1">Trecker, Jerry (April 11, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-2002-04-11-0204111783-story,amp.html">"WUSA: THE SECOND SEASON BEGINS"</a>. <i>Hartford Courant</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hartford+Courant&rft.atitle=WUSA%3A+THE+SECOND+SEASON+BEGINS&rft.date=2002-04-11&rft.aulast=Trecker&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courant.com%2Fnews%2Fconnecticut%2Fhc-xpm-2002-04-11-0204111783-story%2Camp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmolkin2002" class="citation news cs1">Smolkin, Rachel (June 26, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2002-06-26-0206260021-story.html">"Women's soccer league faces endurance test"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Women%27s+soccer+league+faces+endurance+test&rft.date=2002-06-26&rft.aulast=Smolkin&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-2002-06-26-0206260021-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesbordes2012" class="citation book cs1">Desbordes, Michel (May 23, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KU8sBgAAQBAJ&q=wusa+tnt&pg=PA379"><i>Marketing and Football</i></a>. Routledge. p. 379. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136380655" title="Special:BookSources/9781136380655"><bdi>9781136380655</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marketing+and+Football&rft.pages=379&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012-05-23&rft.isbn=9781136380655&rft.aulast=Desbordes&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKU8sBgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dwusa%2Btnt%26pg%3DPA379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2002" class="citation news cs1">Reynolds, Mike (August 25, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.multichannel.com/news/cables-league-its-own-soccers-wusa-struggles-163096">"Cable's League of Its Own, Soccer's WUSA, Struggles"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cable%27s+League+of+Its+Own%2C+Soccer%27s+WUSA%2C+Struggles&rft.date=2002-08-25&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.multichannel.com%2Fnews%2Fcables-league-its-own-soccers-wusa-struggles-163096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStraus2002" class="citation news cs1">Straus, Brian (August 23, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/2002/08/23/half-full-or-half-empty-wusa-glass-a-bit-of-both/52addd59-5fd3-49c7-b0dc-2f68ebe8a449/">"Half-Full or Half-Empty? WUSA Glass a Bit of Both"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Half-Full+or+Half-Empty%3F+WUSA+Glass+a+Bit+of+Both&rft.date=2002-08-23&rft.aulast=Straus&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fsports%2F2002%2F08%2F23%2Fhalf-full-or-half-empty-wusa-glass-a-bit-of-both%2F52addd59-5fd3-49c7-b0dc-2f68ebe8a449%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://products.kitsapsun.com/archive/2002/04-13/0035_soccer__wusa_second_year_has_high.html">"SOCCER: WUSA second year has higher expectations"</a>. <i>The Associated Press</i>. April 13, 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Associated+Press&rft.atitle=SOCCER%3A+WUSA+second+year+has+higher+expectations&rft.date=2002-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fproducts.kitsapsun.com%2Farchive%2F2002%2F04-13%2F0035_soccer__wusa_second_year_has_high.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomano2001" class="citation news cs1">Romano, Allison (December 19, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nexttv.com/news/wusa-subs-pax-tv-turner-90696">"WUSA subs Pax TV for Turner"</a>. <i>Broadcasting+Cable</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting%2BCable&rft.atitle=WUSA+subs+Pax+TV+for+Turner&rft.date=2001-12-19&rft.aulast=Romano&rft.aufirst=Allison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nexttv.com%2Fnews%2Fwusa-subs-pax-tv-turner-90696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://und.com/former-notre-dame-player-monica-gerardo-scores-gamewinning-goal-in-wusa-semifinals/">"FORMER NOTRE DAME PLAYER MONICA GERARDO SCORES GAMEWINNING GOAL IN WUSA SEMIFINALS"</a>. <i>The University of Notre Dame</i>. August 17, 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Notre+Dame&rft.atitle=FORMER+NOTRE+DAME+PLAYER+MONICA+GERARDO+SCORES+GAMEWINNING+GOAL+IN+WUSA+SEMIFINALS&rft.date=2002-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fund.com%2Fformer-notre-dame-player-monica-gerardo-scores-gamewinning-goal-in-wusa-semifinals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/8671/tv-wusa-moves-to-pax.html">"TV: WUSA moves to PAX"</a>. <i>Soccer America</i>. December 18, 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soccer+America&rft.atitle=TV%3A+WUSA+moves+to+PAX&rft.date=2001-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.socceramerica.com%2Fpublications%2Farticle%2F8671%2Ftv-wusa-moves-to-pax.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilner2003" class="citation news cs1">Wilner, Barry (April 4, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.espn.com/soccer/story?storyId=262890&lang=EN&wjb=&pg=1">"WUSA, World Cup feed off each other"</a>. <i>ESPNFC</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPNFC&rft.atitle=WUSA%2C+World+Cup+feed+off+each+other&rft.date=2003-04-04&rft.aulast=Wilner&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.espn.com%2Fsoccer%2Fstory%3FstoryId%3D262890%26lang%3DEN%26wjb%3D%26pg%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRusnak2003" class="citation news cs1">Rusnak, Jeff (March 30, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-2003-03-30-0303290474-story.html">"BEND IT LIKE BECKHAM, WUSA SET TO OPEN"</a>. <i>South Florida Sun-Sentinel</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Florida+Sun-Sentinel&rft.atitle=BEND+IT+LIKE+BECKHAM%2C+WUSA+SET+TO+OPEN&rft.date=2003-03-30&rft.aulast=Rusnak&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sun-sentinel.com%2Fnews%2Ffl-xpm-2003-03-30-0303290474-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUmstead2001" class="citation news cs1">Umstead, R. Thomas (December 23, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.multichannel.com/news/wusa-pax-net-tv-soccer-pact-138534">"WUSA, Pax Net TV Soccer Pact"</a>. <i>Multichannel News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Multichannel+News&rft.atitle=WUSA%2C+Pax+Net+TV+Soccer+Pact&rft.date=2001-12-23&rft.aulast=Umstead&rft.aufirst=R.+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.multichannel.com%2Fnews%2Fwusa-pax-net-tv-soccer-pact-138534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRovell2002" class="citation news cs1">Rovell, Darren (September 15, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espn.com/sportsbusiness/s/2003/0915/1616775.html">"SPORTSBUSINESS - Rovell: WUSA quickly failed"</a>. <i>ESPN.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=SPORTSBUSINESS+-+Rovell%3A+WUSA+quickly+failed&rft.date=2002-09-15&rft.aulast=Rovell&rft.aufirst=Darren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fsportsbusiness%2Fs%2F2003%2F0915%2F1616775.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBialik,_Fry2003" class="citation news cs1">Bialik, Fry, Carl, Jason (September 16, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB106371834085235400">"Women's Soccer League Folds Just Days Before World Cup"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Women%27s+Soccer+League+Folds+Just+Days+Before+World+Cup&rft.date=2003-09-16&rft.aulast=Bialik%2C+Fry&rft.aufirst=Carl%2C+Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB106371834085235400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStraus2003" class="citation news cs1">Straus, Brian (September 16, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2003/09/16/womens-pro-soccer-league-forced-to-fold/d3e974bd-62a9-4e41-ad11-ab524c2961e3/">"Women's Pro Soccer League Forced to Fold"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Women%27s+Pro+Soccer+League+Forced+to+Fold&rft.date=2003-09-16&rft.aulast=Straus&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F2003%2F09%2F16%2Fwomens-pro-soccer-league-forced-to-fold%2Fd3e974bd-62a9-4e41-ad11-ab524c2961e3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/espn2-to-broadcast-wusa-games/n-1990278">"ESPN2 to Broadcast WUSA Games"</a>. <i>OurSportsCentral</i>. April 3, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OurSportsCentral&rft.atitle=ESPN2+to+Broadcast+WUSA+Games&rft.date=2003-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oursportscentral.com%2Fservices%2Freleases%2Fespn2-to-broadcast-wusa-games%2Fn-1990278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l69C-vnWz_0"><span class="plainlinks">WUSA: Founders Cup II 8/24/2002</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.multichannel.com/news/wusa-espn2-near-tv-deal-381943">"WUSA, ESPN2 Near TV Deal"</a>. <i>Multichannel</i>. March 28, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Multichannel&rft.atitle=WUSA%2C+ESPN2+Near+TV+Deal&rft.date=2003-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.multichannel.com%2Fnews%2Fwusa-espn2-near-tv-deal-381943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/atlanta-beat-to-face-mia-hamm--the-washington-freedom-in-founders-cup-iii/n-2340174">"Atlanta Beat to Face Mia Hamm & the Washington Freedom in Founders Cup III"</a>. <i>OurSports Central</i>. August 18, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OurSports+Central&rft.atitle=Atlanta+Beat+to+Face+Mia+Hamm+%26+the+Washington+Freedom+in+Founders+Cup+III&rft.date=2003-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oursportscentral.com%2Fservices%2Freleases%2Fatlanta-beat-to-face-mia-hamm--the-washington-freedom-in-founders-cup-iii%2Fn-2340174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/mowins-and-dorrance-named-to-pax-broadcast-team/n-1965134">"Mowins and Dorrance Named to PAX Broadcast Team"</a>. <i>OurSports Central</i>. April 9, 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OurSports+Central&rft.atitle=Mowins+and+Dorrance+Named+to+PAX+Broadcast+Team&rft.date=2002-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oursportscentral.com%2Fservices%2Freleases%2Fmowins-and-dorrance-named-to-pax-broadcast-team%2Fn-1965134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UicWZMcdDoY"><span class="plainlinks">WUSA on PAX: Washington Freedom vs. Philadelphia Charge</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlsTUAL7Nhg"><span class="plainlinks">WUSA on PAX: 2002 WUSA All-Star Game</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen" class="citation news cs1">Cohen, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.athleticbusiness.com/madness-indeed.html">"Madness, Indeed"</a>. <i>Athletic Business</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Athletic+Business&rft.atitle=Madness%2C+Indeed&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.athleticbusiness.com%2Fmadness-indeed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/06/sports/america-offers-opportunities-for-foreign-females.html">"America Offers Opportunities for Foreign Females"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. September 6, 2000 – via NYTimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=America+Offers+Opportunities+for+Foreign+Females&rft.date=2000-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F09%2F06%2Fsports%2Famerica-offers-opportunities-for-foreign-females.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLauletta2019" class="citation web cs1">Lauletta, Dan (April 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200618154729/https://equalizersoccer.com/2019/04/10/wusa-womens-united-soccer-association-history-retrospective/">"In failure, WUSA left behind blueprint for distant future"</a>. <i>Equalizer Soccer</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://equalizersoccer.com/2019/04/10/wusa-womens-united-soccer-association-history-retrospective/">the original</a> on June 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Equalizer+Soccer&rft.atitle=In+failure%2C+WUSA+left+behind+blueprint+for+distant+future&rft.date=2019-04-10&rft.aulast=Lauletta&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fequalizersoccer.com%2F2019%2F04%2F10%2Fwusa-womens-united-soccer-association-history-retrospective%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongman2003" class="citation news cs1">Longman, Jere (September 16, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/16/sports/soccer-women-s-soccer-league-folds-on-world-cup-s-eve.html">"SOCCER; Women's Soccer League Folds on World Cup's Eve"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> – via NYTimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=SOCCER%3B+Women%27s+Soccer+League+Folds+on+World+Cup%27s+Eve&rft.date=2003-09-16&rft.aulast=Longman&rft.aufirst=Jere&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F09%2F16%2Fsports%2Fsoccer-women-s-soccer-league-folds-on-world-cup-s-eve.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraser_John_Boyd2008" class="citation thesis cs1">Fraser John Boyd (August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3668/"><i>Failure to Launch: A study int o Launch: A study into the Nor o the North American Soccer League th American Soccer League and the Women's United Soccer Association and their factors of failures through Michael Pough Michael Porter's Models of Strategy Formation</i></a> (MA thesis). University of Tennessee<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Failure+to+Launch%3A+A+study+int+o+Launch%3A+A+study+into+the+Nor+o+the+North+American+Soccer+League+th+American+Soccer+League+and+the+Women%27s+United+Soccer+Association+and+their+factors+of+failures+through+Michael+Pough+Michael+Porter%27s+Models+of+Strategy+Formation&rft.degree=MA&rft.date=2008-08&rft.au=Fraser+John+Boyd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrace.tennessee.edu%2Futk_gradthes%2F3668%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SOCCER;_Women's_Soccer_League_Folds_on_World_Cup's_Eve-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SOCCER;_Women's_Soccer_League_Folds_on_World_Cup's_Eve_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongman2003" class="citation news cs1">Longman, Jere (September 16, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/16/sports/soccer-women-s-soccer-league-folds-on-world-cup-s-eve.html">"SOCCER; Women's Soccer League Folds on World Cup's Eve"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=SOCCER%3B+Women%27s+Soccer+League+Folds+on+World+Cup%27s+Eve&rft.date=2003-09-16&rft.aulast=Longman&rft.aufirst=Jere&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F09%2F16%2Fsports%2Fsoccer-women-s-soccer-league-folds-on-world-cup-s-eve.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SOCCER_/_Collapse_of_WUSA_leaves_void_/_College,_pro_players_ponder_their_futures-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SOCCER_/_Collapse_of_WUSA_leaves_void_/_College,_pro_players_ponder_their_futures_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Michelle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/SOCCER-Collapse-of-WUSA-leaves-void-College-2588106.php">"SOCCER / Collapse of WUSA leaves void / College, pro players ponder their futures"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Gate" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco Gate">San Francisco Gate</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Gate&rft.atitle=SOCCER+%2F+Collapse+of+WUSA+leaves+void+%2F+College%2C+pro+players+ponder+their+futures&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fsports%2Farticle%2FSOCCER-Collapse-of-WUSA-leaves-void-College-2588106.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goal_Goal_The_New_York_Times_Soccer_Blog_W.P.S._Suspends_Operations-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goal_Goal_The_New_York_Times_Soccer_Blog_W.P.S._Suspends_Operations_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2012" class="citation web cs1">Bell, Jack (January 30, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goal.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/30/w-p-s-suspends-operations/">"Goal Goal The New York Times Soccer Blog W.P.S. Suspends Operations"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Goal+Goal+The+New+York+Times+Soccer+Blog+W.P.S.+Suspends+Operations&rft.date=2012-01-30&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgoal.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F01%2F30%2Fw-p-s-suspends-operations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen%27s+United+Soccer+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">First</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_soccer_league_system" title="United States soccer league system">Division 1 soccer league in the United States</a> </b><br />2000–2003 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Soccer" title="Women's Professional Soccer">Women's Professional Soccer</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association_stadiums" title="List of Women's United Soccer Association stadiums">Stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association_on_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's United Soccer Association on television">Television coverage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seasons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association_season" title="2001 Women's United Soccer Association season">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association_season" title="2002 Women's United Soccer Association season">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Women%27s_United_Soccer_Association_season" title="2003 Women's United Soccer Association season">2003</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_women&#039;s_national_soccer_team" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:white; color:#3C3B6E; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #B22234, inset -1px -1px 0 #B22234;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team" title="Template:United States women's national soccer team"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#3C3B6E">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team" title="Template talk:United States women's national soccer team"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#3C3B6E">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States women's national soccer team"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#3C3B6E">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_women&#039;s_national_soccer_team" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team" title="United States women's national soccer team"><span style="color:#3C3B6E">United States women's national soccer team</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3C3B6E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #B22234, inset -1px -1px 0 #B22234;;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team" title="History of the United States women's national soccer team">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team#Head_coach_history" title="United States women's national soccer team">Head coaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Soccer_Federation" title="United States Soccer Federation">United States Soccer Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3C3B6E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #B22234, inset -1px -1px 0 #B22234;;">Statistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team_results" title="United States women's national soccer team results">Results</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team_results_(1985%E2%80%931999)" title="United States women's national soccer team results (1985–1999)">1985–99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team_results_(2000%E2%80%932019)" title="United States women's national soccer team results (2000–2019)">2000–19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team_results_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="United States women's national soccer team results (2020–present)">2020–29</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team#Competitive_record" title="United States women's national soccer team">All-time record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="United States at the FIFA Women's World Cup">World Cup record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team#Olympic_Games" title="United States women's national soccer team">Olympic record</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3C3B6E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #B22234, inset -1px -1px 0 #B22234;;">Players</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_women%27s_international_soccer_players" title="List of United States women's international soccer players">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team_hat-tricks" title="List of United States women's national soccer team hat-tricks">Hat-tricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Women%27s_National_Team_Players_Association" title="U.S. Women's National Team Players Association">Players Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USWNT_All-Time_Best_XI" title="USWNT All-Time Best XI">USWNT All-Time Best XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Soccer_Player_of_the_Year" title="U.S. Soccer Player of the Year">U.S. Soccer Player of the Year</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3C3B6E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #B22234, inset -1px -1px 0 #B22234;;">Goals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_goals_scored_by_Abby_Wambach" title="List of international goals scored by Abby Wambach">Abby Wambach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_goals_scored_by_Alex_Morgan" title="List of international goals scored by Alex Morgan">Alex Morgan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3C3B6E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #B22234, inset -1px -1px 0 #B22234;;">Awards and honors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="FIFA Women's World Cup">FIFA Women's World Cup</a> winners <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="1991 FIFA Women's World Cup">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="1999 FIFA Women's World Cup">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="2015 FIFA Women's World Cup">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="2019 FIFA Women's World Cup">2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer Olympic Games</a> gold-medal winners <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_tournament" title="Football at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_tournament" title="Football at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_tournament" title="Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_tournament" title="Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_tournament" title="Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Sportsperson_of_the_Year" title="Sports Illustrated Sportsperson of the Year">Sports Illustrated Sportsperson of the Year</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press_Female_Athlete_of_the_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year">Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outstanding_Team_ESPY_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Outstanding Team ESPY Award">Outstanding Team ESPY Award</a> (2000, 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glamour_Awards" title="Glamour Awards">Glamour Awards: Game Changers</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ticker-tape_parades_in_New_York_City#2010s" title="List of ticker-tape parades in New York City">New York City ticker-tape parade</a> (2015, 2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3C3B6E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #B22234, inset -1px -1px 0 #B22234;;">Culture and lore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triple-Edged_Sword" title="Triple-Edged Sword">Triple-Edged Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Outlaws" title="The American Outlaws">The American Outlaws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_sports_rivalries#Soccer" title="Canada–United States sports rivalries">Canada rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93United_States_women%27s_soccer_rivalry" title="Japan–United States women's soccer rivalry">Japan rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_soccer_rivalry#Women's_football" title="Mexico–United States soccer rivalry">Mexico rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team_pay_discrimination_claim" title="United States women's national soccer team pay discrimination claim">Team pay discrimination claim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3C3B6E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #B22234, inset -1px -1px 0 #B22234;;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3C3B6E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #B22234, inset -1px -1px 0 #B22234;;">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dare_to_Dream:_The_Story_of_the_U.S._Women%27s_Soccer_Team" title="Dare to Dream: The Story of the U.S. Women's Soccer Team">Dare to Dream: The Story of the U.S. Women's Soccer Team</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SEC_Storied#List_of_SEC_Storied_films" title="SEC Storied">Abby Head On</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Equal_Playing_Field" title="An Equal Playing Field">An Equal Playing Field</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LFG_(film)" title="LFG (film)">LFG</a></i> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3C3B6E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #B22234, inset -1px -1px 0 #B22234;;">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Just_for_Kicks_(TV_series)" title="Just for Kicks (TV series)">Just for Kicks</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nine_for_IX" title="Nine for IX">Nine for IX: The 99ers</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kicks" title="The Kicks">The Kicks</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i>Keeping Score</i> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3C3B6E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #B22234, inset -1px -1px 0 #B22234;;">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/FIFA_16" title="FIFA 16">FIFA 16</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3C3B6E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #B22234, inset -1px -1px 0 #B22234;;">Associated <br />professional leagues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Women's United Soccer Association</a> (WUSA) 2001–2003, <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Soccer" title="Women's Professional Soccer">Women's Professional Soccer</a> (WPS) 2009–2011, <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">National Women's Soccer League</a> (NWSL) 2013–present</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Defunct_soccer_leagues_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USDefunctSoccer" title="Template:USDefunctSoccer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USDefunctSoccer" title="Template talk:USDefunctSoccer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USDefunctSoccer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USDefunctSoccer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Defunct_soccer_leagues_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Defunct soccer leagues in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Outdoor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_League_of_Professional_Football" title="American League of Professional Football">ALPF (1894–1895)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_Football_League" title="National Association Football League">NAFL (1895–1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Soccer_League_(1921%E2%80%931933)" title="American Soccer League (1921–1933)">ASL (1921–1933)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Professional_Soccer_League_(1928%E2%80%9329)" title="Eastern Professional Soccer League (1928–29)">ESL (1928–1929)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Soccer_League_(1933%E2%80%931983)" title="American Soccer League (1933–1983)">ASL (1933–1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Soccer_Football_League" title="North American Soccer Football League">NASFL (1946–1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Soccer_Association" title="United Soccer Association">USA (1967)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Professional_Soccer_League_(1967)" title="National Professional Soccer League (1967)">NPSL (1967)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Soccer_League_(1968%E2%80%931984)" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Soccer League (1968–1984)">NASL (1968–1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Soccer_League_(1984%E2%80%9385)" title="United Soccer League (1984–85)">USL (1984–1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Soccer_Alliance" title="Western Soccer Alliance">WSA (1985–1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Star_Soccer_Alliance" title="Lone Star Soccer Alliance">LSSA (1987–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Soccer_League_(1988%E2%80%9389)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Soccer League (1988–89)">ASL (1988–1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Professional_Soccer_League" title="American Professional Soccer League">APSL (1990–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USL_Second_Division" title="USL Second Division">USL-2 (1995–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-League_(1995%E2%80%932004)" title="A-League (1995–2004)">A-L (1996–2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USL_First_Division" title="USL First Division">USL-1 (2005–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Soccer_League_(2011%E2%80%932017)" title="North American Soccer League (2011–2017)">NASL (2011–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Premier_Soccer_League" title="American Premier Soccer League">APSL (2015–2018)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indoor_soccer" title="Indoor soccer">Indoor/arena</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_Indoor_Soccer_League_(1978%E2%80%931992)" title="Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992)">MISL (1978–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Professional_Soccer_League_(1984%E2%80%932001)" title="National Professional Soccer League (1984–2001)">NPSL (1984–2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Indoor_Soccer_League" title="Continental Indoor Soccer League">CISL (1993–1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Indoor_Soccer_League" title="Eastern Indoor Soccer League">EISL (1997–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Indoor_Soccer_League" title="World Indoor Soccer League">WISL (1998–2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Indoor_Soccer_League_(2001%E2%80%932008)" title="Major Indoor Soccer League (2001–2008)">MISL (2001–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indoor_Soccer_League" title="American Indoor Soccer League">AISL (2002–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xtreme_Soccer_League" title="Xtreme Soccer League">XSL (2008–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Indoor_Soccer_League_(2008%E2%80%932014)" title="Major Indoor Soccer League (2008–2014)">MISL (2008–2014)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_association_football" title="Women's association football">Women's</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">WUSA (2001–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Soccer" title="Women's Professional Soccer">WPS (2009–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USL_W-League_(1995%E2%80%932015)" title="USL W-League (1995–2015)">USL W-League (1995–2015)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_women&#039;s_sport_leagues_in_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_women%27s_sport_leagues_in_North_America" title="Template:Major women's sport leagues in North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_women%27s_sport_leagues_in_North_America" title="Template talk:Major women's sport leagues in North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_women%27s_sport_leagues_in_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major women's sport leagues in North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_women&#039;s_sport_leagues_in_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Major_women%27s_sport_leagues_in_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Major women's sport leagues in North America">Major women's sport leagues in North America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Leagues<br />by sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_basketball" title="Women's basketball">Basketball</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">WNBA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_American_Basketball_Association" title="Women's American Basketball Association">WABA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Basketball_Development_Association" title="Women's Basketball Development Association">WBDA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Athletes_Unlimited_Basketball" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletes Unlimited Basketball">Athletes Unlimited</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/American_Basketball_League_(1996%E2%80%931998)" title="American Basketball League (1996–1998)">American League</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_American_Basketball_Association_(1984)" title="Women's American Basketball Association (1984)">WABA (1984)</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Basketball_Association" title="Women's Basketball Association">WBA</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Basketball_League" title="National Women's Basketball League">NWBL</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Basketball_League" title="Women's Professional Basketball League">WBL</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_women%27s_basketball_tournament" title="NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament">NCAA Division I</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_women%27s_basketball_tournament" title="NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament">NCAA Division II</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_women%27s_basketball_tournament" title="NCAA Division III women's basketball tournament">NCAA Division III</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Basketball_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Basketball Championships">NAIA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U_Sports_women%27s_basketball" title="U Sports women's basketball">U Sports</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey#Women's_ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Professional_Women%27s_Hockey_League" title="Professional Women's Hockey League">PWHL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Women%27s_Ice_Hockey_Tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Women's Ice Hockey Tournament">NCAA Division I</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="NCAA Division III women's ice hockey">NCAA Division III</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U_Sports_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="U Sports women's ice hockey">U Sports</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Women%27s_Hockey_League" title="Canadian Women's Hockey League">CWHL</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Western_Women%27s_Hockey_League" title="Western Women's Hockey League">WWHL</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Premier_Hockey_Federation" title="Premier Hockey Federation">PHF</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_association_football" title="Women's association football">Soccer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">NWSL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/USL_Super_League" title="USL Super League">USL Super League</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Premier_Soccer_League" title="Women's Premier Soccer League">WPSL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_Women%27s_Soccer" title="United Women's Soccer">UWS</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liga_MX_Femenil" title="Liga MX Femenil">Liga MX</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liga_Mexicana_de_F%C3%BAtbol_Femenil" title="Liga Mexicana de Fútbol Femenil">LIMEFFE</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Women%27s_Soccer_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Championship">NCAA Division I</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Soccer_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Soccer Championship">NAIA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U_Sports_women%27s_soccer" title="U Sports women's soccer">U Sports</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Soccer" title="Women's Professional Soccer">WPS</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">WUSA</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_League_Soccer" title="Women's League Soccer">WLS</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Premier_Soccer_League_Elite" title="Women's Premier Soccer League Elite">WPSL Elite</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/USL_W_League" title="USL W League">USL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/USL_W-League_(1995%E2%80%932015)" title="USL W-League (1995–2015)">USL (1995)</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Super_League" title="Northern Super League">Northern Super League</a> (beginning play in 2025)</i></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">Softball</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Athletes_Unlimited_Softball" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletes Unlimited Softball">Athletes Unlimited</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Fastpitch_Professionals" title="Association of Fastpitch Professionals">AFP</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Fastpitch" title="Women's Professional Fastpitch">WPF</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_softball_tournament" title="NCAA Division I softball tournament">NCAA Division I</a> (<a href="/wiki/Women%27s_College_World_Series" title="Women's College World Series">WCWS</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Softball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Softball Championship">NAIA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Pro_Fastpitch" title="National Pro Fastpitch">NPF</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gridiron_football" title="Gridiron football">Gridiron<br />football</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Football_Conference" title="Women's National Football Conference">WNFC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Football_Alliance" title="Women's Football Alliance">WFA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Women%27s_Football_League" title="United States Women's Football League">USWFL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Women%27s_Football_League" title="Maritime Women's Football League">MWFL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Western_Women%27s_Canadian_Football_League" title="Western Women's Canadian Football League">WWCFL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/American_Football_Women%27s_League" title="American Football Women's League">AFWL</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Independent_Women%27s_Football_League" title="Independent Women's Football League">IWFL</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Legends_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Legends Football League">LFL</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/LFL_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="LFL Canada">LFL Canada</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Football_Association" title="National Women's Football Association">NWFA</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_American_Football_League" title="Women's American Football League">WAFL</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Football_Association_(2002%E2%80%9303)" title="Women's Football Association (2002–03)">WFA</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Football_League" title="Women's Football League">WFL</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Football_League" title="Women's Professional Football League">WPFL</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rugby_union" title="Women's rugby union">Rugby union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Elite_Rugby" title="Women's Elite Rugby">WER</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Premier_League_Rugby" title="Women's Premier League Rugby">WPL</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_lacrosse" title="Women's lacrosse">Lacrosse</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/United_Women%27s_Lacrosse_League" title="United Women's Lacrosse League">UWLX</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Lacrosse_League" title="Women's Professional Lacrosse League">WPLL</a> (<i>defunct</i>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Athletes_Unlimited_Pro_Lacrosse" title="Athletes Unlimited Pro Lacrosse">Athletes Unlimited</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Lacrosse_League" title="Women's Lacrosse League">WLL</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_volleyball" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's volleyball">Volleyball</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Athletes_Unlimited_Volleyball" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletes Unlimited Volleyball">AU</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/LOVB_Pro" title="LOVB Pro">LOVB</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pro_Volleyball_Federation" title="Pro Volleyball Federation">PVF</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_sports" title="Women's sports">Other sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Pro_Baseball_League" title="Women's Pro Baseball League">Baseball</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/LPGA" title="LPGA">Golf</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Ringette_League" title="National Ringette League">Ringette</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Flat_Track_Derby_Association" title="Women's Flat Track Derby Association">Roller derby</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Premier_Ultimate_League" title="Premier Ultimate League">Ultimate disc</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Leagues<br />by association</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Beach_Volleyball_Championship" title="NCAA Beach Volleyball Championship">Beach volleyball</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Bowling_Championship" title="NCAA Bowling Championship">Bowling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Women%27s_Division_I_Cross_Country_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship">Cross country</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Field_Hockey_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Field Hockey Championship">Field hockey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Women%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championships">Golf</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Women%27s_Gymnastics_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships">Gymnastics</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Women%27s_Lacrosse_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship">Lacrosse</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Rowing_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Rowing Championship">Rowing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Women%27s_Swimming_and_Diving_Championships" title="NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships">Swimming and diving</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Women%27s_Tennis_Championship" title="NCAA Women's Tennis Championship">Tennis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Women%27s_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championship" title="NCAA Women's Indoor Track and Field Championship">Indoor track and field</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Women%27s_Outdoor_Track_and_Field_Championship" title="NCAA Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championship">Outdoor track and field</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Women%27s_Volleyball_Championship" title="NCAA Women's Volleyball Championship">Volleyball</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Women%27s_Water_Polo_Championship" title="NCAA Women's Water Polo Championship">Water polo</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" title="National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics">NAIA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Cross_Country_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Cross Country Championship">Cross country</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Golf Championship">Golf</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Swimming_and_Diving_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Swimming and Diving Championships">Swimming and diving</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Tennis_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Tennis Championship">Tennis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Indoor Track and Field Championship">Indoor track and field</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Outdoor_Track_and_Field_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championship">Outdoor track and field</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Volleyball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Volleyball Championship">Volleyball</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NAIA_lacrosse" title="NAIA lacrosse">Lacrosse</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1774339#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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