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href="#DCI_Digital_Cinema_System_Specification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 DCI Digital Cinema System Specification </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DCI_Digital_Cinema_System_Specification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SMPTE_UHDTV_standard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SMPTE_UHDTV_standard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 SMPTE UHDTV standard </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SMPTE_UHDTV_standard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ITU-R_UHDTV_standard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ITU-R_UHDTV_standard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 ITU-R UHDTV standard </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ITU-R_UHDTV_standard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CEA_Ultra_HD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CEA_Ultra_HD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 CEA Ultra HD </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CEA_Ultra_HD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2160p_resolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2160p_resolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 2160p resolution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2160p_resolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-M+_or_RGBW_TV_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#M+_or_RGBW_TV_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 M+ or RGBW TV controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M+_or_RGBW_TV_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CinemaWide_4K" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CinemaWide_4K"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 CinemaWide 4K </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CinemaWide_4K-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Adoption </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Adoption subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ATSC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ATSC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 ATSC </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ATSC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DVB" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DVB"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 DVB </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DVB-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_streaming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_streaming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Video streaming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_streaming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_phone_cameras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_phone_cameras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Mobile phone cameras </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_phone_cameras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Home_video_projection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_video_projection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Home video projection </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_video_projection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Broadcasting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resolutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resolutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Resolutions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Resolutions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Resolutions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Resolutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-3840_×_2160" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3840_×_2160"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 3840 × 2160 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3840_×_2160-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-4096_×_2160" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4096_×_2160"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 4096 × 2160 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4096_×_2160-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_4K_resolutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_4K_resolutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Other 4K resolutions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_4K_resolutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recording" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recording"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Recording </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recording-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Recording subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Recording-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Detail_benefit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Detail_benefit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Detail benefit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Detail_benefit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chroma_subsampling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chroma_subsampling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Chroma subsampling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chroma_subsampling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bit_rates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bit_rates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Bit rates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bit_rates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Articles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Official_sites_of_NHK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_sites_of_NHK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Official sites of NHK </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_sites_of_NHK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Video </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">4K resolution</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" > 38 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6_4_%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%84" title="دقة عرض 4 آلاف بكسل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دقة عرض 4 آلاف بكسل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resoluci%C3%B3n_4K" title="Resolución 4K – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Resolución 4K" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K" title="4K – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="4K" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8" title="৪কে রেজুলিউশন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="৪কে রেজুলিউশন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="4K резолюция – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="4K резолюция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resoluci%C3%B3_4K" title="Resolució 4K – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Resolució 4K" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozli%C5%A1en%C3%AD_4K" title="Rozlišení 4K – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rozlišení 4K" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K_(Bildaufl%C3%B6sung)" title="4K (Bildauflösung) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="4K (Bildauflösung)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7_4K" title="Ανάλυση 4K – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανάλυση 4K" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resoluci%C3%B3n_4K" title="Resolución 4K – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Resolución 4K" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K_bereizmen" title="4K bereizmen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="4K bereizmen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%AD_%DB%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="وضوح ۴کی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وضوح ۴کی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K" title="4K – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="4K" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K_%ED%95%B4%EC%83%81%EB%8F%84" title="4K 해상도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="4K 해상도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="4K रिज़ॉल्यूशन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="4K रिज़ॉल्यूशन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolusi_4K" title="Resolusi 4K – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Resolusi 4K" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K" title="4K – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="4K" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K" title="4K – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="4K" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K" title="4K – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="4K" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="4കെ റെസല്യൂഷൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="4കെ റെസല്യൂഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K" title="4K – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="4K" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peleraian_4K" title="Peleraian 4K – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Peleraian 4K" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K%E8%A7%A3%E5%83%8F%E5%BA%A6" title="4K解像度 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="4K解像度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K-oppl%C3%B8sning" title="4K-oppløsning – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="4K-oppløsning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozdzielczo%C5%9B%C4%87_4K" title="Rozdzielczość 4K – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rozdzielczość 4K" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_4K" title="Resolução 4K – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Resolução 4K" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K" title="4K – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="4K" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="4K (разрешение) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="4K (разрешение)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rezolucioni_4K" title="Rezolucioni 4K – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rezolucioni 4K" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="4K resolution" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K_rezolucija" title="4K rezolucija – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="4K rezolucija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_HD" title="Ultra HD – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ultra HD" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="4கே பகுப்பியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="4கே பகுப்பியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_4K" title="ความละเอียด 4K – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความละเอียด 4K" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K_%C3%A7%C3%B6z%C3%BCn%C3%BCrl%C3%BCk" title="4K çözünürlük – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="4K çözünürlük" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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style="display:none">Video or display resolutions with a width of around 4,000 pixels</div> 4K resolution refers to a horizontal <a href="/wiki/Display_resolution" title="Display resolution">display resolution</a> of approximately 4,000 <a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">Digital television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_cinematography" title="Digital cinematography">digital cinematography</a> commonly use several different 4K resolutions. In television and consumer media, 3840 × 2160 (<a href="/wiki/4K_UHD" class="mw-redirect" title="4K UHD">4K UHD</a>) with a 16:9 aspect ratio is the dominant 4K standard, whereas the <a href="/wiki/Digital_cinema" title="Digital cinema">movie projection</a> industry uses 4096 × 2160 (<a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiatives" title="Digital Cinema Initiatives">DCI</a> 4K). The 4K television market share increased as prices fell dramatically throughout 2013 and 2014.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Digital_video_resolutions_(VCD_to_4K).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Digital_video_resolutions_%28VCD_to_4K%29.svg/330px-Digital_video_resolutions_%28VCD_to_4K%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Digital_video_resolutions_%28VCD_to_4K%29.svg/495px-Digital_video_resolutions_%28VCD_to_4K%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Digital_video_resolutions_%28VCD_to_4K%29.svg/660px-Digital_video_resolutions_%28VCD_to_4K%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of common broadcast resolutions</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vector_Video_Standards8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vector_Video_Standards8.svg/360px-Vector_Video_Standards8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vector_Video_Standards8.svg/540px-Vector_Video_Standards8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vector_Video_Standards8.svg/720px-Vector_Video_Standards8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="8204" data-file-height="4332" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of <a href="/wiki/List_of_common_resolutions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of common resolutions">common display resolutions</a></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="4K_standards_and_terminology">4K standards and terminology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 4K standards and terminology">edit</a>]</div> The term "4K" is generic and refers to any resolution with a horizontal pixel count of approximately 4,000.<a href="#cite_note-UHD_State_of_the_Industry-4">[4]</a>: <span title="Page: 2
Quotation: "The term "4K" is generally used by content and production companies to refer to horizontal display resolution of 3,840 pixels or greater. "Ultra HD" and "Ultra High--Resolution" are terms defined by the Consumer Electronics Association to identify displays of 3,840 x 2,160 pixels in resolution, with other requirements as discussed in the section Requirements for Using "Ultra HD"."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">2  Several different 4K resolutions have been standardized by various organizations. The terms "4K" and "Ultra HD" are used more widely in marketing than "2160p". While typically referring to motion pictures, some <a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital camera</a> vendors have used the term "4K photo" for still photographs, making it appear like an especially high resolution even though 3840×2160 pixels equal approximately 8.3 megapixels, which is not considered to be especially high for still photographs.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DCI_Digital_Cinema_System_Specification">DCI Digital Cinema System Specification</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: DCI Digital Cinema System Specification">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2160p_DCI.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/2160p_DCI.svg/384px-2160p_DCI.svg.png" decoding="async" width="384" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/2160p_DCI.svg/576px-2160p_DCI.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/2160p_DCI.svg/768px-2160p_DCI.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of DCI and UHD resolutions</figcaption></figure> In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiatives" title="Digital Cinema Initiatives">Digital Cinema Initiatives</a> (DCI), a prominent standards organization in the cinema industry, published the Digital Cinema System Specification. This specification establishes standardized 2K and 4K container formats for digital cinema production, with resolutions of 2048 × 1080 and 4096 × 2160 respectively.<a href="#cite_note-DCI_v1.2-6">[6]</a>: §4.3.1  The resolution of the video content inside follows the SMPTE 428-1 standard,<a href="#cite_note-DCI_v1.2-6">[6]</a>: §3.2.1  which establishes the following resolutions for a 4K distribution:<a href="#cite_note-SMPTE_428-1-7">[7]</a>: 6  <ul><li>4096 × 2160 (full frame, 256∶135 or ≈1.90∶1 aspect ratio)</li> <li>3996 × 2160 (flat crop, 1.85∶1 aspect ratio)</li> <li>4096 × 1716 (CinemaScope crop, ≈2.39∶1 aspect ratio)</li></ul> 2K distributions can have a frame rate of either 24 or 48 <a href="/wiki/Frame_rate" title="Frame rate">FPS</a>, while 4K distributions must have a frame rate of 24 FPS.<a href="#cite_note-DCI_v1.2-6">[6]</a>: §3.1.4.2  Some articles claim that the terms "2K" and "4K" were coined by DCI and refer exclusively to the 2K and 4K formats defined in the DCI standard.<a href="#cite_note-extech-8">[8]</a> However, usage of these terms in the cinema industry predates the publication of the DCI standard,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> and they are generally understood as casual terms for any resolution approximately 2000 or 4000 pixels in width, rather than names for specific resolutions.<a href="#cite_note-UHD_State_of_the_Industry-4">[4]</a>: <span title="Page: 2
Quotation: "The term "4K" is generally used by content and production companies to refer to horizontal display resolution of 3,840 pixels or greater. "Ultra HD" and "Ultra High-Definition" are terms defined by the Consumer Electronics Association to identify displays of 3,840 x 2,160 pixels in resolution, with other requirements as discussed in the section Requirements for Using "Ultra HD"."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">2 <a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>: 109  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SMPTE_UHDTV_standard">SMPTE UHDTV standard</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: SMPTE UHDTV standard">edit</a>]</div> In 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers</a> published SMPTE ST 2036-1, which defines parameters for two UHDTV systems called UHDTV1 and UHDTV2.<a href="#cite_note-SMPTE_OV_2036-0-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-SMPTE_ST_2036-1-15">[15]</a> The standard defines the following characteristics for these systems: <ul><li>A resolution of 3840 × 2160 (UHDTV1) or 7680 × 4320 (UHDTV2)<a href="#cite_note-SMPTE_ST_2036-1-15">[15]</a>: §5.2 </li> <li>Square (1∶1) pixels, for an overall image aspect ratio of 16∶9<a href="#cite_note-SMPTE_ST_2036-1-15">[15]</a>: §5.1 </li> <li>A framerate of 23.976, 24, 25, 29.97, 30, 50, 59.94, 60, 100, 119.88, or 120 Hz with <a href="/wiki/Progressive_scan" title="Progressive scan">progressive scan</a><a href="#cite_note-SMPTE_ST_2036-1-15">[15]</a>: §1.2 </li> <li>RGB, Y′CBCR 4:4:4, 4:2:2, or 4:2:0 pixel encoding<a href="#cite_note-SMPTE_ST_2036-1-15">[15]</a>: §7.7 </li> <li>10 bpc (30 bit/px) or 12 bpc (36 bit/px) color depth<a href="#cite_note-SMPTE_ST_2036-1-15">[15]</a>: §1.2 </li> <li>Colorimetry characteristics as defined in the standard, including color primaries, quantization parameters, and the electro-optical transfer function. These are the same characteristics later standardized in <a href="/wiki/ITU-R_BT.2020" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-R BT.2020">ITU-R BT.2020</a>. UHDTV1 systems are permitted to use <a href="/wiki/BT.709" class="mw-redirect" title="BT.709">BT.709</a> color primaries up to 60 Hz.<a href="#cite_note-SMPTE_ST_2036-1-15">[15]</a>: §6.2 </li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ITU-R_UHDTV_standard">ITU-R UHDTV standard</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: ITU-R UHDTV standard">edit</a>]</div> In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/ITU-R" title="ITU-R">International Telecommunication Union, Radiocommunication Sector</a> published <a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">Recommendation ITU-R BT.2020</a>, also known as the Ultra High Definition Television (UHDTV) standard.<a href="#cite_note-Rec._2020_PR-16">[16]</a> It adopts the same image parameters defined in SMPTE ST 2036–1.<a href="#cite_note-ITU-R_BT.2020-17">[17]</a> Although the UHDTV standard does not define any official names for the formats it defines, ITU typically uses the terms "4K", "4K UHD", or "4K UHDTV" to refer to the 3840 × 2160 system in public announcements and press releases ("<a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">8K</a>" for the 7680 × 4320 system).<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In some of ITU's other standards documents, the terms "UHDTV1" and "UHDTV2" are used as shorthand.<a href="#cite_note-ITU-R_BT.2077-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CEA_Ultra_HD">CEA Ultra HD</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: CEA Ultra HD">edit</a>]</div> In October 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer Electronics Association">Consumer Electronics Association</a> (CEA) announced their definition of the term Ultra High-Definition (or Ultra HD) for use with marketing consumer display devices.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> CEA defines an Ultra HD product as a TV, monitor, or projector with the following characteristics:<a href="#cite_note-CEA_UHD_Definition-21">[21]</a> <ul><li>A resolution of 3840 × 2160 or larger</li> <li>An aspect ratio of 1.77∶1 (16∶9) or wider</li> <li>Support for color depth of 8 bpc (24 bit/px) or higher</li> <li>At least one HDMI input capable of supporting 3840 × 2160 at 24, 30, and 60 Hz progressive scan (though not necessarily with RGB / Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color), and HDCP 2.2</li> <li>Capable of processing images according to the color space defined in <a href="/wiki/ITU-R_BT.709" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-R BT.709">ITU-R BT.709</a></li> <li>Capable of upscaling HD content (i.e. 720p / 1080p)</li></ul> The CEA definition does allow manufacturers to use other terms—such as 4K—alongside the Ultra HD logo.<a href="#cite_note-UHD_State_of_the_Industry-4">[4]</a>: <span title="Page: 9
Quotation: "Since the CEA announcement of "Ultra HD" and "Ultra High-Definition", the terms have quickly become standard, but there are still some variations in usage. Some brands are adding "4K" to the name, as is allowed by the CEA definition."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">9  Since the resolution in CEA's definition is only a minimum requirement, displays with higher resolutions such as 4096 × 2160 or 5120 × 2880 also qualify as "Ultra HD" displays, provided they meet the other requirements. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2160p_resolution">2160p resolution</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2160p resolution">edit</a>]</div> Some 4K resolutions, like 3840 × 2160, are often casually referred to as 2160p.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> This name follows from the previous naming convention used by <a href="/wiki/HDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="HDTV">HDTV</a> and <a href="/wiki/SDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="SDTV">SDTV</a> formats, which refer to a format by the number of pixels/lines along the vertical axis (such as "1080p" for 1920 × 1080 progressive scan, or "480i" for the 480-line interlaced SDTV formats) rather than the horizontal pixel count (≈4000 or "4K" for 3840 × 2160). The term "2160p" could be applied to any format with a height of 2160 pixels, but it is most commonly used in reference to the 4K UHDTV resolution of 3840 × 2160 due to its association with the well-known 720p and 1080p HDTV formats. Although 3840 × 2160 is both a 4K resolution and a 2160p resolution, these terms cannot always be used interchangeably since not all 4K resolutions are 2160 pixels tall, and not all 2160p resolutions are ≈4000 pixels wide. However, some companies have begun using the term "4K" to describe devices with support for a 2160p resolution, even if it is not close to 4000 pixels wide. For example, many "4K" dash cams only support a resolution of 2880 × 2160 (4∶3);<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> although this is a 2160p resolution, it is not a 4K resolution. Conversely, Samsung released a 5120 × 2160 (<a href="/wiki/21:9_aspect_ratio" title="21:9 aspect ratio">64∶27</a>) TV, but marketed it as a "4K" TV despite its <a href="/wiki/5K_resolution" title="5K resolution">5K-class resolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="M+_or_RGBW_TV_controversy">M+ or RGBW TV controversy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: M+ or RGBW TV controversy">edit</a>]</div> In 2015, <a href="/wiki/LG_Display" title="LG Display">LG Display</a> announced the implementation of a new technology called M+ which is the addition of white subpixel along with the regular RGB dots in their IPS panel technology.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The media and internet users later called this "RGBW" TVs because of the white sub pixel. Most of the new M+ technology was employed on 4K TV sets which led to a controversy after tests showed that the addition of a white sub pixel replacing the traditional RGB structure would reduce the resolution by around 25%. After tests done by <a href="/wiki/Intertek" title="Intertek">Intertek</a> in which the technical aspects of LG M+ TVs were analyzed and they concluded that "the addressable resolution display is 2,880 X 2,160 for each red, green, blue", in other words, the LG TVs were technically 2.8K as it became known in the controversy.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Although LG Display has developed this technology for use in notebook display, outdoor and smartphones, it is more popular in the TV market due to the supposed 4K UHD marketed resolution but still being incapable of achieving true 4K UHD resolution as defined by the CTA as 3840x2160 active pixels with 8-bit per color. This negatively impacts the rendering of text, making it a bit fuzzier, which is especially noticeable when a TV is used as a PC monitor.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CinemaWide_4K">CinemaWide 4K</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: CinemaWide 4K">edit</a>]</div> In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> was granted the CinemaWide trademark by the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), in which the trademark covers 'Class 9' electronic devices, including smartphones.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> According to Sony and SID,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> the standard defines a CinemaWide 4K product with the following characteristics: <ul><li>A resolution of 3840 × 1644 or larger</li> <li>An aspect ratio of 21∶9</li> <li>Capable of playing back 4K resolution video (2160p) in an aspect ratio of 21∶9</li> <li>Capable of upscaling non-4K content (i.e. 720p / 1080p)<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></li></ul> Sony <a href="/wiki/Xperia" class="mw-redirect" title="Xperia">Xperia</a> smartphones are the most widely known products that equipped with CinemaWide 4K display, such as <a href="/wiki/Xperia_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Xperia 1">Xperia 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xperia_1_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Xperia 1 II">Xperia 1 II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony_Xperia_1_III" title="Sony Xperia 1 III">Xperia 1 III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xperia_1_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Xperia 1 IV">Xperia 1 IV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xperia_1_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Xperia 1 V">Xperia 1 V</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adoption">Adoption</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Adoption">edit</a>]</div> Video sharing website <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> and the television industry have adopted 3840 × 2160 as their 4K standard.<a href="#cite_note-ce_press-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnet4k-41">[41]</a> As of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit">[update]</a>, 4K content from major broadcasters remained limited.<a href="#cite_note-cbslocal4k-42">[42]</a> On April 11, 2013, Bulb TV created by Canadian serial entrepreneur Evan Kosiner became the first broadcaster to provide a 4K linear channel and <a href="/wiki/VOD" class="mw-redirect" title="VOD">VOD</a> content to cable and satellite companies in North America.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The channel is licensed by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Radio-television_and_Telecommunications_Commission" title="Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission">Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission</a> to provide educational content.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> By late 2014, 4K content was becoming more widely available online, including on Apple TV, YouTube, Netflix, Hulu, and Amazon.<a href="#cite_note-time_amazon-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-4K_YouTube-49">[49]</a> By 2013, some UHDTV models were available to general consumers in the range of US$600.<a href="#cite_note-sl39-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-se39-51">[51]</a> As of 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit">[update]</a>, prices on smaller computer and television panels had dropped below US$400.<a href="#cite_note-newegg_price-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ATSC">ATSC</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: ATSC">edit</a>]</div> On March 26, 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Television_Systems_Committee" title="Advanced Television Systems Committee">Advanced Television Systems Committee</a> announced new proposals of a new standard called <a href="/wiki/ATSC_3.0" title="ATSC 3.0">ATSC 3.0</a> which would implement UHD broadcasts at resolutions of up to 3840 × 2160 or 7680 × 4320.<a href="#cite_note-AtscPDFMarch20134ATSC3PhysicalLayer-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-AtscPRMarch20134ATSC3PhysicalLayer-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-BroadcastMarch20134ATSC3PhysicalLayer-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-TVTechnologyMarch20134ATSC3PhysicalLayer-56">[56]</a> The standard would also include framerates of up to 120 Hz, <a href="/wiki/HEVC" class="mw-redirect" title="HEVC">HEVC</a> encoding, <a href="/wiki/Wide_color_gamut" class="mw-redirect" title="Wide color gamut">wide color gamut</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/High-dynamic-range_video" class="mw-redirect" title="High-dynamic-range video">high dynamic range</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ATSCTechGroup-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Atsc3VideoPDFMay2017ATSC-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DVB">DVB</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: DVB">edit</a>]</div> In 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">Digital Video Broadcasting</a> Project released a new set of standards intended to guide the implementation of high resolution content in broadcast television. Dubbed DVB-UHDTV, it establishes two standards, known as UHD-1 (for 4K content) and UHD-2 (for 8K content). These standards use resolutions of 3840 × 2160 and 7680 × 4320 respectively, with framerates of up to 60 Hz, color depth up to 10 bpc (30 bit/px), and <a href="/wiki/HEVC" class="mw-redirect" title="HEVC">HEVC</a> encoding for transmission.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> DVB is currently focusing on the implementation of the UHD-1 standard.<a href="#cite_note-DVB_Phasing_in_UHD-61">[61]</a> DVB finalized UHD-1 Phase 2 in 2016, with the introduction of service by broadcasters expected in 2017. UHD-1 Phase 2 adds features such as <a href="/wiki/High-dynamic-range_video" class="mw-redirect" title="High-dynamic-range video">high dynamic range</a> (using <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_log%E2%80%93gamma" title="Hybrid log–gamma">HLG</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perceptual_quantizer" title="Perceptual quantizer">PQ</a> at 10 or 12 bits), wide color gamut (<a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">BT. 2020</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rec._2100" title="Rec. 2100">2100</a> colorimetry), and <a href="/wiki/High_frame_rate" title="High frame rate">high frame rate</a> (up to 120 Hz).<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-DVB_Phasing_in_UHD-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_streaming">Video streaming</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Video streaming">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> YouTube, since 2010,<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vimeo" title="Vimeo">Vimeo</a> allow a maximum upload resolution of <a href="/wiki/HXGA" class="mw-redirect" title="HXGA">4096 × 3072</a> pixels (12.6 megapixels, aspect ratio 4:3).<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-aes-65">[65]</a> Vimeo's 4K content is currently limited to mostly nature documentaries and tech coverage.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">High Efficiency Video Coding</a> (HEVC or H.265) should allow streaming 4K content with a bandwidth of 20 to 30 <a href="/wiki/Mbit/s" class="mw-redirect" title="Mbit/s">Mbit/s</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ngvf-68">[68]</a> In January 2014, <a href="/wiki/Naughty_America" title="Naughty America">Naughty America</a> launched the first adult video service streaming in 4K.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> On February 11, 2024, Super Bowl LVIII was available for streaming and broadcast on television, both in 4K, by CBS in the US.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_phone_cameras">Mobile phone cameras</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mobile phone cameras">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phones_with_4K_video_recording" title="Category:Mobile phones with 4K video recording">Category: Mobile phones with 4K video recording</a></div> The first mobile phones to be able to record at 2160p (3840 × 2160) were released in late 2013, including the <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Galaxy_Note_3" title="Samsung Galaxy Note 3">Samsung Galaxy Note 3</a>, which is able to record 2160p at 30 frames per second. In the year 2014, the <a href="/wiki/OnePlus_One" title="OnePlus One">OnePlus One</a> was released with the option to record <a href="#DCI">DCI 4K</a> (4096 × 2160) at 24 frames per second, as well as <a href="/wiki/LG_G3" title="LG G3">LG G3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Galaxy_Note_4" title="Samsung Galaxy Note 4">Samsung Galaxy Note 4</a> with <a href="/wiki/Optical_image_stabilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical image stabilization">optical image stabilization</a>. In the year 2015, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> announced the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_6s" title="IPhone 6s">iPhone 6s</a> was released with the 12 megapixel camera that has the option to record 4K at 25 or 30 frames per second. In the years 2017 and 2018, mobile phone chipsets reached sufficient processing power that mobile phone vendors started releasing mobile phones that allow recording 2160p footage at <a href="/wiki/Frame_rate" title="Frame rate">60 frames per second</a> for a smoother and more realistic appearance.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samsung_UN105S9_20140127.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Samsung_UN105S9_20140127.jpg/220px-Samsung_UN105S9_20140127.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Samsung_UN105S9_20140127.jpg/330px-Samsung_UN105S9_20140127.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Samsung_UN105S9_20140127.jpg/440px-Samsung_UN105S9_20140127.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4384" data-file-height="2928" /></a><figcaption>Samsung UN105S9 105-inch (2,700 mm) ultra-high-definition 4K television</figcaption></figure> In 1984, <a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a> released the <a href="/wiki/ARTC_HD63484" title="ARTC HD63484">ARTC HD63484</a> graphics processor, which was capable of displaying up to 4K resolution when in <a href="/wiki/Monochrome" title="Monochrome">monochrome</a> mode.<a href="#cite_note-computer.org-73">[73]</a> The resolution was targeted at the <a href="/wiki/Bit-mapped_graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bit-mapped graphics">bit-mapped</a> <a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">desktop publishing</a> market.<a href="#cite_note-computer.org-73">[73]</a> The first commercially available 4K camera for cinematographic purposes was the <a href="/wiki/Dalsa_Origin" title="Dalsa Origin">Dalsa Origin</a>, released in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-cfd-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> 4K technology was developed by several research groups in universities around the world, such as <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/CALIT2" class="mw-redirect" title="CALIT2">CALIT2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keio_University" title="Keio University">Keio University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naval_Postgraduate_School" title="Naval Postgraduate School">Naval Postgraduate School</a> and others that realized<a href="#cite_note-CineGrid-76">[76]</a> several demonstrations in venues such as IGrid in 2004 and <a href="/wiki/CineGrid" title="CineGrid">CineGrid</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> began supporting 4K for video uploads in 2010 as a result of leading manufacturers producing 4K cameras.<a href="#cite_note-yuad-77">[77]</a> Users could view 4K video by selecting "Original" from the quality settings until December 2013, when the 2160p option appeared in the quality menu.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In November 2013, YouTube began to use the <a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a> video compression standard, saying that it was more suitable for 4K than <a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">High Efficiency Video Coding</a> (HEVC). <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, which owns YouTube, developed VP9.<a href="#cite_note-yuad-77">[77]</a> Theaters began projecting movies at 4K resolution in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-4kiap-79">[79]</a> Sony was offering 4K projectors as early as 2004.<a href="#cite_note-spr-80">[80]</a> The first 4K <a href="/wiki/Home_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Home theater">home theater</a> projector was released by <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-srwf-81">[81]</a> Despite this, there's not many finished films with 4K resolution as of 2023. Even for movies and TV shows shot using 6K or 8K cameras, almost all finished films are edited in HD resolution and enlarged to fit a 4K format.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Sony is one of the leading studios promoting UHDTV content, as of 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit">[update]</a> offering a little over 70 movie and television titles via digital download to a specialized player that stores and decodes the video. The large files (≈40 GB), distributed through consumer broadband connections, raise concerns about data caps.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> began streaming <a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Cards (U.S. TV series)">House of Cards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breaking_Bad" title="Breaking Bad">Breaking Bad</a>,<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> and "some nature documentaries" at 4K to compatible televisions with an HEVC decoder. Most 4K televisions sold in 2013 did not natively support HEVC, with most major manufacturers announcing support in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-nb4-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Studios">Amazon Studios</a> began shooting their full-length original series and new pilots with 4K resolution in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-ast-86">[86]</a> They are now currently available though <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Video">Amazon Video</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> In March 2016 the first players and discs for <a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a>—a physical optical disc format supporting 4K resolution and <a href="/wiki/High-dynamic-range_video" class="mw-redirect" title="High-dynamic-range video">high-dynamic-range video</a> (HDR) at 60 frames per second—were released.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> On August 2, 2016, Microsoft released the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One_S" class="mw-redirect" title="Xbox One S">Xbox One S</a>, which supports 4K streaming and has an Ultra HD Blu-ray disc drive, but does not support 4K gaming.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> On November 10, 2016, Sony released the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="PlayStation 4 Pro">PlayStation 4 Pro</a>, which supports 4K streaming and gaming,<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> though many games use <a href="/wiki/Checkerboard_rendering" title="Checkerboard rendering">checkerboard rendering</a> or are upscaled 4K.<a href="#cite_note-engadget-prointerview-91">[91]</a> On November 7, 2017, Microsoft released the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Xbox One X">Xbox One X</a>, which supports 4K streaming and gaming,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> though not all games are rendered at native 4K.<a href="#cite_note-:8-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_video_projection">Home video projection</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Home video projection">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup_rewrite plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/80px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit">You can help</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Talk:4K_resolution" title="Talk:4K resolution">talk page</a> may contain suggestions. (July 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Though the price of the viewing devices began to drop rapidly from 2013, the home cinema <a href="/wiki/Digital_video_projector" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital video projector">digital video projector</a> market saw little expansion as very few manufacturers had full 4K-capable lineups. Native 4K projectors were quoted in five figures well into 2015 before finally dropping below US$10,000, with Sony being the only major maker marketing a comprehensive 4K projection solution as of 2015.<a href="#cite_note-CNET350es-94">[94]</a> At normal direct-view panel sizes and viewing distances, critics claim the extra pixels of 4K are redundant with <a href="/wiki/Human_vision" class="mw-redirect" title="Human vision">normal human vision</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Projection home cinemas on the other hand use much larger screen sizes without necessarily increasing viewing distance to scale. The company[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] has used a technique now called "e-shift" to extrapolate extra pixels from 1080p sources to either display 4K on screens via <a href="/wiki/Upscaling" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Upscaling">upscaling</a> or from native 4K sources at a much lower price than native 4K projectors.<a href="#cite_note-cnet2013jvc-95">[95]</a> This technology of non-native 4K had its fourth generation in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-jvc1stparty-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-HTabout-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-digest2015-98">[98]</a> JVC further used the same technology to provide 8K flight simulation for Boeing that met the limits of 20/25 visual acuity.<a href="#cite_note-shephard-99">[99]</a> The first pixel-shifted 4K UHD projectors adopted by the market are Optoma, BenQ, Dell, et al., for those adopt a 2718×1528 pixel structure. The amount of data these projectors process is true 4K, but they overlap the pixels, which is what pixel shifting is. In fact, each of those pixels is far larger. In fact, each one has 50% more area than true 4K. Pixel shifting projectors. This way, they project a pixel and shift it up to the right by a half diameter and project it again with modified data—the second pixel overlaid on the first. This would result in adjacent red and green pixels effectively forming yellow, with a fringe on one side of red, on the other of green—except that the fringe takes on another color as the next line of pixels overlaps too. 4K UHD or 1080p pixel shifting cannot reveal the fine detail of a true 4K projector such as those Sony ships in the business, education, and home markets. JVC has one true 4K at $35,000 (in mid-2017) and another for $120,000.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] While projecting UHD, it might look as though the pixel structures would have 1/4 the area of 1080p; it just doesn't happen with pixel shifting. That much resolution is only carried by a true 4K projector. This is why "true" 4K costs so much more than 4K UHD projectors that have more or less similar feature sets. They produce smaller pixels, finer resolution—no loss of detail or color from the overlapping pixels. This is in stark contrast to the small variation in the aspect ratio difference, which would be capable of being noticeable in a few companies, such as <a href="/wiki/Kaleidescape" title="Kaleidescape">Kaleidescape</a>, offering media servers that enable 4K UHD Blu-ray movies with a wide dynamic range in a home theater.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Broadcasting">edit</a>]</div> In November 2014, American satellite provider <a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a> (owned by AT&T) became the first pay-TV provider to offer access to 4K content, although limited to selected video-on-demand films.<a href="#cite_note-cnet-4kdirectv-101">[101]</a> In August 2015, British sports network <a href="/wiki/BT_Sport" class="mw-redirect" title="BT Sport">BT Sport</a> launched a 4K feed, with its first broadcast being the <a href="/wiki/2015_FA_Community_Shield" title="2015 FA Community Shield">2015 FA Community Shield</a> football match. Two production units were used, producing the traditional broadcast in high-definition, and a separate 4K broadcast. As the network did not want to mix 4K footage with upconverted HD footage, this telecast did not feature traditional studio segments at pre-game or half-time, but those hosted from the stadium by the match commentators using a 4K camera. BT envisioned that if viewers wanted to watch studio analysis, they would switch to the HD broadcast and then back for the game. Footage was compressed using <a href="/wiki/H.264" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264">H.264</a> encoders and transmitted to <a href="/wiki/BT_Tower" title="BT Tower">BT Tower</a>, where it was then transmitted back to BT Sport studios and decompressed for distribution, via 4K-compatible <a href="/wiki/BT_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="BT TV">BT TV</a> set-top boxes on an eligible <a href="/wiki/BT_Infinity" class="mw-redirect" title="BT Infinity">BT Infinity</a> internet plan with at least a 25 Mbit/s connection.<a href="#cite_note-gizmodo-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-techradar-btsport4k-103">[103]</a> In late 2015 and January 2016, three of Canada's television providers – including <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Vid%C3%A9otron" title="Vidéotron">Vidéotron</a>, Ontario-based <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Cable" title="Rogers Cable">Rogers Cable</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bell_Fibe_TV" title="Bell Fibe TV">Bell Fibe TV</a>, announced that they would begin to offer 4K compatible set-top boxes that can stream 4K content to subscribers over gigabit internet service.<a href="#cite_note-torstar-4kreality-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-gandm-4kcanada-105">[105]</a> On October 5, 2015, alongside the announcement of its 4K set-top box and gigabit internet, Canadian media conglomerate <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Communications" title="Rogers Communications">Rogers Communications</a> announced that it planned to produce 101 sports telecasts in 4K in 2016 via its <a href="/wiki/Sportsnet" title="Sportsnet">Sportsnet</a> division, including all <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Blue_Jays" title="Toronto Blue Jays">Toronto Blue Jays</a> home games, and "marquee" <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> games beginning in January 2016. Bell Media announced via its <a href="/wiki/The_Sports_Network" title="The Sports Network">TSN</a> division a slate of 4K telecasts to begin on January 20, 2016, including selected <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Raptors" title="Toronto Raptors">Toronto Raptors</a> games and regional NHL games.<a href="#cite_note-tsn-4kraptors-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-gandm-rogers4k-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-cbc-4krogers-108">[108]</a> On January 14, 2016, in cooperation with BT Sport, Sportsnet broadcast the first ever <a href="/wiki/NBA" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA">NBA</a> game produced in 4K – a <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Raptors" title="Toronto Raptors">Toronto Raptors</a>/<a href="/wiki/Orlando_Magic" title="Orlando Magic">Orlando Magic</a> game at <a href="/wiki/O2_Arena_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="O2 Arena (London)">O2 Arena</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. On January 20, also during a Raptors game, TSN presented the first live 4K telecast produced in North America.<a href="#cite_note-torstar-4kreality-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-tsn-4kraptors-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-svg-canada4k-109">[109]</a> Three days later, Sportsnet presented the first NHL game in 4K.<a href="#cite_note-sn-first4kgame-110">[110]</a> Dome Productions, a joint venture of Bell Media and Rogers Media (the respective owners of TSN and Sportsnet), constructed a "side-by-side" 4K mobile production unit shared by Sportsnet and TSN's first 4K telecasts; it was designed to operate alongside a separate HD truck and utilize cameras capable of output in both formats.<a href="#cite_note-svg-dome4k-111">[111]</a> For the opening game of the <a href="/wiki/2016_Toronto_Blue_Jays_season" title="2016 Toronto Blue Jays season">2016 Toronto Blue Jays season</a>, Dome constructed "Trillium" – a production truck integrating both 4K and 1080i high-definition units.<a href="#cite_note-svg-jays4k-112">[112]</a> Bell Media's <a href="/wiki/CTV_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="CTV Television">CTV</a> also broadcast the <a href="/wiki/Juno_Awards_of_2016" title="Juno Awards of 2016">2016 Juno Awards</a> in 4K as the first awards show presented in the format.<a href="#cite_note-cbc-junos16-113">[113]</a> In February 2016, Spanish-language <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a> trialed 4K by producing a closed-circuit TV broadcast of a football friendly between the national teams of <a href="/wiki/Mexican_national_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican national football team">Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senegal_national_football_team" title="Senegal national football team">Senegal</a> from <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a> (America) in the format. The broadcast was streamed privately to several special viewing locations. Univision aimed to develop a 4K streaming app to publicly televise the final of <a href="/wiki/Copa_Am%C3%A9rica_Centenario" title="Copa América Centenario">Copa América Centenario</a> in 4K.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-engadget-4kunivision-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-techradar-uni4k-116">[116]</a> In March 2016, <a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a> and <a href="/wiki/CBS_Sports" title="CBS Sports">CBS Sports</a> announced that they would produce the "Amen Corner" supplemental coverage from the <a href="/wiki/Masters_Tournament" title="Masters Tournament">Masters</a> <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> tournament in 4K.<a href="#cite_note-engadget-directv4k-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-svg-masters4k-118">[118]</a> In late 2016, <a href="/wiki/Telus_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Telus TV">Telus TV</a> announced that they would begin to offer 4K compatible set-top boxes.<a href="#cite_note-Telus-119">[119]</a> After having trialed the technology in limited matches at the <a href="/wiki/2013_FIFA_Confederations_Cup" title="2013 FIFA Confederations Cup">2013 FIFA Confederations Cup</a>,<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2014 FIFA World Cup">2014 FIFA World Cup</a> (via private tests and public viewings in the host city of <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>),<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> the <a href="/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2018 FIFA World Cup">2018 FIFA World Cup</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> in which all matches were produced in 4K. Host Broadcasting Services stated that at least 75% of the broadcast cut on each match would come from 4K cameras (covering the majority of main angles), with instant replays and some camera angles being upconverted from 1080p sources. These broadcasts were made available from selected rightsholders, such as the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> in the UK, and selected television providers in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Technical limitations in distributing 4K broadcasts (including the increased cost of 4K-compatible production equipment)<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> have led to some broadcasters deciding against the format in favour of emphasizing 1080p/HDR broadcasts instead. After having broadcast <a href="/wiki/UEFA_European_Championship" title="UEFA European Championship">UEFA Euro</a> and the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League" title="UEFA Champions League">Champions League</a> final in the format, <a href="/wiki/UEFA" title="UEFA">UEFA</a> discontinued 4K coverage for both in 2024, as broadcasters elected to put resources behind HDR and other on-air features instead.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Some U.S. broadcasters, such as <a href="/wiki/CBS_Sports" title="CBS Sports">CBS Sports</a>,<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-ath-deitsch-24-128">[128]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fox_Sports_(United_States)" title="Fox Sports (United States)">Fox Sports</a>,<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> and <a href="/wiki/USA_Network" title="USA Network">USA Network</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-130">[130]</a> have broadcast events promoted as having "4K" feeds, but are actually 1080p/HDR broadcasts upconverted to 4K. For the <a href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics" title="2024 Summer Olympics">2024 Summer Olympics</a>, USA Network's "4K" coverage was sourced from host broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Broadcasting_Services" title="Olympic Broadcasting Services">Olympic Broadcasting Services</a> (OBS) in 4K, but downconverted to 1080p when received by <a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports" title="NBC Sports">NBC Sports</a>' studios, and then upconverted to 4K for distribution.<a href="#cite_note-:0-130">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resolutions">Resolutions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Resolutions">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable floatright"> <caption>Examples of some 4K resolutions used in displays and media </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Format</th> <th>Resolution</th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Display_aspect_ratio" title="Display aspect ratio">Aspect ratio</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">Pixels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>-</td> <td>4096 × 3072</td> <td>1.33</td> <td>4∶3</td> <td style="text-align:right;">12,582,912 </td></tr> <tr> <td>-</td> <td>4096 × 2560</td> <td>1.6</td> <td>16∶10</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,485,760 </td></tr> <tr> <td>-</td> <td>4096 × 2304</td> <td>1.77</td> <td>16∶9</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,437,184 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiatives" title="Digital Cinema Initiatives">DCI</a> 4K (full frame)</td> <td>4096 × 2160</td> <td>≈1.90</td> <td>256∶135</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,847,360 </td></tr> <tr> <td>DCI 4K (<a href="/wiki/CinemaScope" title="CinemaScope">CinemaScope</a> cropped)</td> <td>4096 × 1716</td> <td>≈2.39</td> <td>1024∶429</td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,020,544 </td></tr> <tr> <td>DCI 4K (<a href="/wiki/Arnoldscope" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnoldscope">flat</a> cropped)</td> <td>3996 × 2160</td> <td>1.85</td> <td>37∶20</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,631,360 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WQUXGA</td> <td>3840 × 2400</td> <td>1.6</td> <td>16∶10</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,216,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4K_UHD" class="mw-redirect" title="4K UHD">4K UHD</a></td> <td>3840 × 2160</td> <td>1.77</td> <td>16∶9</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,294,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>-</td> <td>3840 × 1920</td> <td>2.0</td> <td>2∶1</td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,372,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>-</td> <td>3840 × 1620</td> <td>2.370</td> <td>64∶27</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,220,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>-</td> <td>3840 × 1600</td> <td>2.4</td> <td>12∶5</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,144,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>DFHD</td> <td>3840 × 1080</td> <td>3.55</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ultrawide_formats#Ultra-Widescreen_3.6" title="Ultrawide formats">32∶9</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,147,200 </td></tr></tbody></table> Most "K" resolutions are the result of multiplying a base width of either 960 or 1024 pixels by a simple, often integer factor and then may come in a variets of heights and aspect ratios. In some other cases, the "K" resolution applies a desired aspect ratio like "21:9" to a multiple of a base height of either 720 or 1080 lines. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3840_×_2160">3840 × 2160</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 3840 × 2160">edit</a>]</div> The resolution of 3840 × 2160 is the dominant 4K resolution in the consumer media and display industries. This is the resolution of the UHDTV1 format defined in SMPTE ST 2036–1,<a href="#cite_note-SMPTE_ST_2036-1-15">[15]</a> as well as the 4K UHDTV format defined by ITU-R in <a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">Rec. 2020</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Rec._2020_PR-16">[16]</a> and is also the minimum resolution for CEA's definition of Ultra HD displays and projectors.<a href="#cite_note-CEA_UHD_Definition-21">[21]</a> The resolution of 3840 × 2160 was also chosen by the <a href="/wiki/DVB" title="DVB">DVB</a> project for their 4K broadcasting standard, UHD-1.<a href="#cite_note-DVB_Phasing_in_UHD-61">[61]</a> This resolution has an aspect ratio of 16∶9, with 8,294,400 total pixels. It is exactly double the horizontal and vertical resolution of 1080p (1920 × 1080) for a total of 4 times as many pixels, and triple the horizontal and vertical resolution of 720p (1280 × 720) for a total of 9 times as many pixels. It is sometimes referred to as "2160p", based on the naming patterns established by the previous 720p and 1080p <a href="/wiki/HDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="HDTV">HDTV</a> standards. In 2013, televisions capable of displaying UHD resolutions were seen by <a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">consumer electronics</a> companies as the next trigger for an upgrade cycle after a lack of consumer interest in <a href="/wiki/3D_television" title="3D television">3D television</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fbc-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4096_×_2160">4096 × 2160 </h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 4096 × 2160">edit</a>]</div> This resolution is used mainly in digital cinema production, and has a total of 8,847,360 pixels with an aspect ratio of 256∶135 (≈19∶10). It was standardized as the resolution of the 4K container format defined by <a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiatives" title="Digital Cinema Initiatives">Digital Cinema Initiatives</a> in the Digital Cinema System specification, and is the <a href="/wiki/Native_resolution" title="Native resolution">native resolution</a> of all DCI-compliant 4K <a href="/wiki/Digital_projector" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital projector">digital projectors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">monitors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DCI_v1.2-6">[6]</a> The DCI specification allows several different resolutions for the content inside the container, depending on the desired aspect ratio. The allowed resolutions are defined in SMPTE 428-1:<a href="#cite_note-DCI_v1.2-6">[6]</a>: §3.2.1  <a href="#cite_note-SMPTE_428-1-7">[7]</a>: p. 6  <ul><li>4096 × 2160 (full frame, 256∶135 or ≈1.90∶1 aspect ratio)</li> <li>3996 × 2160 (flat crop, 1.85∶1 aspect ratio)</li> <li>4096 × 1716 (CinemaScope crop, ≈2.39∶1 aspect ratio)</li></ul> The DCI 4K standard has twice the horizontal and vertical resolution of DCI 2K (2048 × 1080), with four times as many pixels overall. Digital movies made in 4K may be produced, <a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_film_scanner" title="Motion picture film scanner">scanned</a>, or stored in a number of other resolutions depending on what <a href="/wiki/Storage_aspect_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Storage aspect ratio">storage aspect ratio</a> is used.<a href="#cite_note-rsta-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-pcmag-133">[133]</a> In the digital cinema production chain, a resolution of 4096 × 3112 is often used for acquiring "open gate" or anamorphic input material, a resolution based on the historical resolution of scanned Super 35 mm film.<a href="#cite_note-diffv-134">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_4K_resolutions">Other 4K resolutions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Other 4K resolutions">edit</a>]</div> Various other non-standardized 4K resolutions have been used in displays, including: <ul><li>4096 × 2560 (1.60:1 or <a href="/wiki/16:10" class="mw-redirect" title="16:10">16:10</a>); this resolution was used in the <a href="/wiki/Canon_Inc." title="Canon Inc.">Canon</a> DP-V3010, a 30-inch (76 cm) 4K reference monitor designed for reviewing cinema footage in <a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">post-production</a>, released in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></li> <li>4096 × 2304 (1.77:1 or <a href="/wiki/16:9" class="mw-redirect" title="16:9">16:9</a>); this resolution was used in the 21.5-inch (55 cm) LG UltraFine 22MD4KA 4K monitor, jointly announced by <a href="/wiki/LG" title="LG">LG</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> in 2016<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> and used in the 21.5" 4K <a href="/wiki/Retina_display" title="Retina display">Retina</a> <a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a> computer.</li> <li>3840 × 2400 (1.60:1 or 16:10); this resolution was used in the 22.2-inch (56 cm) <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> <a href="/wiki/IBM_T220" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM T220">T220 and T221</a> monitors, released in 2001 and 2002 respectively. This resolution is also referred to as "WQUXGA", and is four times the resolution of WUXGA (1920 × 1200).<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> More recently, this resolution has returned in the Dell XPS Laptop series, under the name "UHD+".<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li> <li>3840 × 1920 (2:1 or 16:8); this resolution is largely used by 360° videos<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> as they largely use a 2:1 aspect ratio. The reason is to represent a 360° on the horizontal axis and a 180° on the vertical.</li> <li>3840 × 1600 (2.40:1 or <a href="/wiki/21:9_aspect_ratio" title="21:9 aspect ratio">12:5</a>); a number of computer monitors with this resolution have been produced, the first being the 37.5-inch (95 cm) LG 38UC99-W released in 2016. This resolution is equivalent to WQXGA (2560 × 1600) extended in width by 50%, or 3840 × 2160 reduced in height by ≈26%.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> LG refers to this resolution as "WQHD+" (Wide Quad HD+),<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> while Acer uses the term "UW-QHD+" (Ultra-wide Quad HD+)<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> and some media outlets have used the term "UW4K" (Ultra-wide 4K).<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></li> <li>3840 × 1080 (3.55:1 or 32:9); this resolution was first used in the Samsung C49HG70, a 49-inch (120 cm) curved gaming monitor released in 2017. This resolution is equivalent to dual 1080p displays (1920 × 1080) side-by-side, but with no border interrupting the image. It is also exactly one half of a 4K UHD (3840 × 2160) display. Samsung refers to this resolution as "DFHD" (Dual Full HD).<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recording">Recording</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Recording">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taipei_IT_Month_Sony_FDR-AX1_20131130_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Taipei_IT_Month_Sony_FDR-AX1_20131130_2.jpg/220px-Taipei_IT_Month_Sony_FDR-AX1_20131130_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Taipei_IT_Month_Sony_FDR-AX1_20131130_2.jpg/330px-Taipei_IT_Month_Sony_FDR-AX1_20131130_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Taipei_IT_Month_Sony_FDR-AX1_20131130_2.jpg/440px-Taipei_IT_Month_Sony_FDR-AX1_20131130_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1380" /></a><figcaption>Sony Handycam FDR-AX1</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_4K_video_recording_devices" title="List of 4K video recording devices">List of 4K video recording devices</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Detail_benefit">Detail benefit</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Detail benefit">edit</a>]</div> The main advantage of recording video at the 4K standard is that fine spatial detail is resolved well.<a href="#cite_note-apgvac-146">[146]</a> Individual still frames extracted from 3840×2160-pixel video footage can act as 8.3 <a href="/wiki/Megapixel" class="mw-redirect" title="Megapixel">megapixel</a> still photographs, while only 2.1 megapixels at 1080p and 0.9 megapixels at 720p. If the final video resolution is reduced to 2K from a 4K recording, more detail is apparent than would have been achieved from a native 2K recording.<a href="#cite_note-apgvac-146">[146]</a> Increased fineness and <a href="/wiki/Contrast_(vision)" title="Contrast (vision)">contrast</a> is then possible with output to <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cish-147">[147]</a> Some cinematographers record at 4K with the <a href="/wiki/Super_35" title="Super 35">Super 35</a> film format to offset any resolution loss that may occur during <a href="/wiki/Video_processing" title="Video processing">video processing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftf-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chroma_subsampling">Chroma subsampling</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Chroma subsampling">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colorcomp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Colorcomp.jpg/220px-Colorcomp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Colorcomp.jpg/330px-Colorcomp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Colorcomp.jpg/440px-Colorcomp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>In <a class="external text" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Colorcomp.jpg">full size,</a> this image shows the difference between four subsampling schemes. The color images appear similar. The lower row shows the resolution of the color information.</figcaption></figure> Many consumer electronics such as <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phones</a> store video footage in Y′CBCR format with 4:2:0 <a href="/wiki/Chroma_subsampling" title="Chroma subsampling">chroma subsampling</a>, which records color information at only one quarter the resolution as the brightness information.<a href="#cite_note-plea-149">[149]</a> For 3840 × 2160 video, this means that the color information is only stored at 1920 × 1080.<a href="#cite_note-rtings-chroma-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bit_rates">Bit rates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bit rates">edit</a>]</div> Consumer cameras and mobile phones record 2160p footage at much higher <a href="/wiki/Bit_rate" title="Bit rate">bit rates</a> (usually 50 to 100 Mbit/s) than 1080p (usually 10 to 30 Mbit/s). This higher bit rate reduces the visibility of <a href="/wiki/Compression_artifact" title="Compression artifact">compression artifacts</a>, even if viewed on monitors with a lower resolution than 2160p. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/28px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/42px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/56px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/32px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/48px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/64px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="92" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Television" title="Portal:Television">Television portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p Full HD</a> – digital video format with a resolution of 1920 × 1080, with vertical resolution of 1080 lines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1440p" title="1440p">1440p</a> (WQHD) – vertical resolution of 1440 lines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_4K_video_recording_devices" title="List of 4K video recording devices">List of 4K video recording devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2K_resolution" title="2K resolution">2K resolution</a> – digital video formats with a horizontal resolution of around 2,000 pixels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5K_resolution" title="5K resolution">5K resolution</a> – digital video formats with a horizontal resolution of around 5,000 pixels, aimed at non-television computer monitor usage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">8K resolution</a> – digital video formats with a horizontal resolution of around 8,000 pixels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10K_resolution" title="10K resolution">10K resolution</a> – digital video formats with a horizontal resolution of around 10,000 pixels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/16K_resolution" title="16K resolution">16K resolution</a> – experimental VR format</li> <li><a href="/wiki/32K_resolution" title="32K resolution">32K resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(image)" title="Aspect ratio (image)">Aspect ratio (image)</a> – proportional relationship between an image's width and height</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_cinema" title="Digital cinema">Digital cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_display_resolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics display resolution">Graphics display resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">High Efficiency Video Coding</a> (HEVC) – video standard that supports 4K & 8K UHDTV and resolutions up to 8192 × 4320</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">Rec. 2020</a> – ITU-R recommendation for UHDTV, defining formats with resolutions of 4K (3840 × 2160) and 8K (7680 × 4320)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrawide_formats" title="Ultrawide formats">Ultrawide formats</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 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CRC Press. p. 114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-13606662-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-13606662-7"><bdi>978-1-13606662-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved 21 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Filming+the+Fantastic%3A+A+Guide+to+Visual+Effects+Cinematography&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-13606662-7&rft.aulast=Sawicki&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyNZ5AgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4K+resolution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-plea-149"><a href="#cite_ref-plea_149-0">^</a> Poynton, Charles. 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Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_repository_of_links,_images,_or_media_files" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">inappropriate</a> external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">footnote references</a>. (November 2017) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Articles">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2013/01/10/ces-2013-3d-tv-is-dead-long-live-4k/">"3D TV is Dead, Long Live 4K"</a>, Forbes, Jan 10, 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=3D+TV+is+Dead%2C+Long+Live+4K&rft.date=2013-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Ferikkain%2F2013%2F01%2F10%2Fces-2013-3d-tv-is-dead-long-live-4k%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4K+resolution" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGurule" class="citation cs2">Gurule, Donn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130216035747/http://lightbeamsystems.com/lightbeam-blog/83-4k-and-8k-production-workflows-become-more-mainstream.html">4k and 8k Production Workflows Become More Mainstream</a>, Light beam, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lightbeamsystems.com/lightbeam-blog/83-4k-and-8k-production-workflows-become-more-mainstream.html">the original</a> on 2013-02-16, retrieved 2013-01-29</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=4k+and+8k+Production+Workflows+Become+More+Mainstream&rft.pub=Light+beam&rft.aulast=Gurule&rft.aufirst=Donn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flightbeamsystems.com%2Flightbeam-blog%2F83-4k-and-8k-production-workflows-become-more-mainstream.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4K+resolution" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130205080814/http://www.uhdmi.com/">What is the meaning of UHDTV and its difference to HDTV?</a>, UHDMI, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uhdmi.com/">the original</a> on 2013-02-05, retrieved 2014-09-10</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+is+the+meaning+of+UHDTV+and+its+difference+to+HDTV%3F&rft.pub=UHDMI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uhdmi.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4K+resolution" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081118102254/http://www.cdfreaks.com/news/Ultra-high-resolution-television-UHDV-prototype.html">"Ultra high resolution television (UHDV) prototype"</a>, CD Freaks, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdfreaks.com/news/Ultra-high-resolution-television-UHDV-prototype.html">the original</a> on 2008-11-18, retrieved 2013-01-29</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CD+Freaks&rft.atitle=Ultra+high+resolution+television+%28UHDV%29+prototype&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdfreaks.com%2Fnews%2FUltra-high-resolution-television-UHDV-prototype.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4K+resolution" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/03/technology/circuits/03next.html">"Just Like High-Definition TV, but With Higher Definition"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, Jun 3, 2004</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Just+Like+High-Definition+TV%2C+but+With+Higher+Definition&rft.date=2004-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F06%2F03%2Ftechnology%2Fcircuits%2F03next.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4K+resolution" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501105040/http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=173402762">"Japan demonstrates next-gen TV Broadcast"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Engineering_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Engineering Times">Electronic Engineering Times</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=173402762">the original</a> on 2013-05-01, retrieved 2013-01-29</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Engineering+Times&rft.atitle=Japan+demonstrates+next-gen+TV+Broadcast&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eetimes.com%2Fnews%2Flatest%2FshowArticle.jhtml%3FarticleID%3D173402762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4K+resolution" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080604042258/http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,132289-pg,1/article.html">"Researchers craft HDTV's successor"</a>, <a href="/wiki/PC_World" title="PC World">PC World</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,132289-pg,1/article.html">the original</a> on 2008-06-04, retrieved 2013-01-29</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+World&rft.atitle=Researchers+craft+HDTV%27s+successor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.com%2Farticle%2Fid%2C132289-pg%2C1%2Farticle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4K+resolution" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSugawara2008" class="citation cs2">Sugawara, Masayuki (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326214312/http://www.ebu.ch/en/technical/trev/trev_2008-Q2_nhk-ultra-hd.pdf">Super Hi-Vision—research on a future ultra-HDTV system</a> (PDF) (technical review), <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">CH</a>: <a href="/wiki/EBU" class="mw-redirect" title="EBU">EBU</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebu.ch/en/technical/trev/trev_2008-Q2_nhk-ultra-hd.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 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href="http://www.christopherleeball.com/musings/2008/10/farewell-to-the-kingdom-of-shadows/">the original</a> on 2013-03-23, retrieved 2013-01-29</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Musings&rft.atitle=Farewell+to+the+Kingdom+of+Shadows%3A+A+filmmaker%27s+first+impression+of+Super+Hi-Vision+television&rft.date=2008-10&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Christopher+Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christopherleeball.com%2Fmusings%2F2008%2F10%2Ffarewell-to-the-kingdom-of-shadows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4K+resolution" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810111203/http://4ktvmag.com/4k-resolution/">"Visual comparison of the different 4K resolutions"</a>, 4k TV, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://4ktvmag.com/4k-resolution/">the original</a> on 2014-08-10, retrieved 2014-08-08</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=4k+TV&rft.atitle=Visual+comparison+of+the+different+4K+resolutions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F4ktvmag.com%2F4k-resolution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4K+resolution" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/why-ultra-hd-4k-tvs-are-still-stupid/">"Why Ultra HD 4K TVs are still stupid"</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNet" class="mw-redirect" title="CNet">CNet</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNet&rft.atitle=Why+Ultra+HD+4K+TVs+are+still+stupid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fnews%2Fwhy-ultra-hd-4k-tvs-are-still-stupid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4K+resolution" class="Z3988">, 2015 follow-up article: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/4k-tvs-arent-stupid-anymore/">"Why 4K TVs aren't stupid (anymore)"</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNet" class="mw-redirect" title="CNet">CNet</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNet&rft.atitle=Why+4K+TVs+aren%27t+stupid+%28anymore%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fnews%2F4k-tvs-arent-stupid-anymore%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4K+resolution" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_sites_of_NHK">Official sites of NHK</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Official sites of NHK">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010939/http://www.nhk.or.jp/digital/en/super_hi/">Super Hi-Vision</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">JP</a>: NHK, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhk.or.jp/digital/en/super_hi/">the original</a> on 2010-10-06, retrieved 2013-01-29</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Super+Hi-Vision&rft.place=JP&rft.pub=NHK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhk.or.jp%2Fdigital%2Fen%2Fsuper_hi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4K+resolution" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/english/">Science & Technical Research Laboratories</a>, JP: NHK</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+%26+Technical+Research+Laboratories&rft.place=JP&rft.pub=NHK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhk.or.jp%2Fstrl%2Fenglish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4K+resolution" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121018005739/http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/english/aboutstrl/annual2009/en/r1-1-1.html">Super Hi-Vision research</a> (annual report), JP: NHK STRL, 2009, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/english/aboutstrl/annual2009/en/r1-1-1.html">the original</a> on 2012-10-18, retrieved 2013-01-29</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Super+Hi-Vision+research&rft.place=JP&rft.pub=NHK+STRL&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhk.or.jp%2Fstrl%2Fenglish%2Faboutstrl%2Fannual2009%2Fen%2Fr1-1-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4K+resolution" class="Z3988">.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video">Video</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=4K_resolution&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Video">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ultravideo.cs.tut.fi/">"4K resolution video test sequences for Research"</a>, Ultra video, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">FI</a>: TUT</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4K+resolution+video+test+sequences+for+Research&rft.btitle=Ultra+video&rft.place=FI&rft.pub=TUT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fultravideo.cs.tut.fi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4K+resolution" class="Z3988">.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Digital_video_resolutions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Digital_video_resolutions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Display_resolution" title="Display resolution">Digital video resolutions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="width:100%; border:0; text-align:center; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <th width="25%" rowspan="2">Usage examples</th> <th width="25%" rowspan="2">Definition (lines)</th> <th colspan="2">Rate (Hz)</th> </tr> <tr> <th width="25%">Interlaced (fields)</th> <th width="25%">Progressive (frames)</th> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Low, <a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MP@LL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="width:100%; text-align:center; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">LDTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_CD" title="Video CD">VCD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">HTV</a></td> <td width="25%">240, 288 (<a href="/wiki/Source_Input_Format" title="Source Input Format">SIF</a>)</td> <td width="25%"> </td> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">24, 30; 25</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standard, MP@ML</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="width:100%; text-align:center; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Standard-definition_television" title="Standard-definition television">SDTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Super_Video_CD" title="Super Video CD">SVCD</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">DV</a></td> <td width="25%">480 (<a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>), 576 (<a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a>/<a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a>)</td> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/480i" title="480i">60</a>; <a href="/wiki/576i" title="576i">50</a></td> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/480p" title="480p">24, 30</a>; <a href="/wiki/576p" title="576p">25</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enhanced, HMP@HML</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="width:100%; text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Enhanced-definition_television" title="Enhanced-definition television">EDTV</a></td> <td width="25%">480, 540 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC-HQ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NTSC-HQ (page does not exist)">NTSC-HQ</a>), 576 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=PAL-HQ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PAL-HQ (page does not exist)">PAL-HQ</a>)</td> <td width="25%"> </td> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/480p" title="480p">24, 30</a>; <a href="/wiki/576p" title="576p">25</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">High, MP@HL</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="width:100%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">BD</a>, <a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/HDV" title="HDV">HDV</a></td> <td width="25%">720</td> <td width="25%"> </td> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">24, 30, 60; 25, 50</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1080, 1440</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">60; 50</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">24, 30, 60; 25, 50</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ultra-high</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="width:100%; text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">UHDTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">UHD BRD</a></td> <td width="25%">2160, 4320</td> <td width="25%"> </td> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">60, 120, 180</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="High-definition_(HD)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:High-definition" title="Template:High-definition"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:High-definition" title="Template talk:High-definition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:High-definition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:High-definition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="High-definition_(HD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">High-definition (HD)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">High-definition television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">High-definition video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">Ultra-high-definition television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resolutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p (HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i (Full HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p (Full HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1440p" title="1440p">1440p (Quad HD)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2160p (4K Ultra HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">4320p (8K Ultra HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16K_resolution" title="16K resolution">8640p (16K Ultra HD)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">Analog broadcast</a> (All defunct)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">819 line system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexed_Analogue_Components" title="Multiplexed Analogue Components">HD MAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">MUSE (Hi-Vision)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital broadcast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DMB-T/H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">Surround sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Stream_Digital" title="Direct Stream Digital">DSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_eXtreme_Definition" title="Digital eXtreme Definition">DXD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Filming and storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiatives" title="Digital Cinema Initiatives">DCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDV" title="HDV">HDV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High-definition_pre-recorded_media_and_compression" title="High-definition pre-recorded media and compression">HD media and compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archival_Disc" title="Archival Disc">Archival Disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Blue_High-definition_Disc" title="China Blue High-definition Disc">CBHD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-VHS" title="D-VHS">D-VHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">H.265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Multilayer_Disc" title="Versatile Multilayer Disc">HD VMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laserdisc#MUSE_LD" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserdisc">MUSE LaserDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiview_Video_Coding" title="Multiview Video Coding">MVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD">Super Audio CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncompressed_video" title="Uncompressed video">Uncompressed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W-VHS" title="W-VHS">W-VHS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Component_video" title="Component video">Component</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interface" title="Digital Visual Interface">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VGA_connector" title="VGA connector">VGA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deployments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_television_deployments_by_country" title="List of digital television deployments by country">List of digital television deployments by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Broadcast_video_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_formats" title="Template:Video formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_formats" title="Template talk:Video formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Broadcast_video_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">Broadcast video formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Television" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Television</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog_television" title="Analog television">Analog</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/405-line_television_system" title="405-line television system">405 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_A" title="CCIR System A">System A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/525_lines" title="525 lines">525 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_M" title="CCIR System M">System M</a> (Color systems: <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>, <a href="/wiki/NTSC-J" title="NTSC-J">NTSC-J</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clear-Vision" title="Clear-Vision">Clear-Vision</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAL-M" title="PAL-M">PAL-M</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-MAC" title="B-MAC">B-MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/625_lines" title="625 lines">625 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_B" title="CCIR System B">System B</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_C" title="CCIR System C">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_D" title="CCIR System D">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_G" title="CCIR System G">G</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_H" title="CCIR System H">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_I" title="CCIR System I">I</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_K" title="CCIR System K">K</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_L" title="CCIR System L">L</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_N" title="CCIR System N">N</a> (Color systems: <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAL#PALN" title="PAL">PAL-N</a>, <a href="/wiki/PALplus" title="PALplus">PALplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexed_Analogue_Components" title="Multiplexed Analogue Components">MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/819_line" title="819 line">819 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_E" title="CCIR System E">System E</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_E#System_F" title="CCIR System E">F</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">1125 lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">MUSE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">1250 lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HD-MAC" title="HD-MAC">HD-MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_signal" title="Audio signal">Audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multichannel_television_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Multichannel television sound">BTSC (MTS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIAJ_MTS" title="EIAJ MTS">EIAJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NICAM" title="NICAM">NICAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_audio_program" title="Second audio program">SAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound-in-Syncs" title="Sound-in-Syncs">Sound-in-Syncs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zweikanalton" title="Zweikanalton">Zweikanalton (A2/IGR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Hidden signals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">Captioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGMS-A" title="CGMS-A">CGMS-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">EPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost-canceling_reference" title="Ghost-canceling reference">GCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Delivery_Control" title="Programme Delivery Control">PDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_blanking_interval" title="Vertical blanking interval">VBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Encoded_Invisible_Light" title="Video Encoded Invisible Light">VEIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIT_signals" title="VIT signals">VIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_interval_timecode" title="Vertical interval timecode">VITC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widescreen_signaling" title="Widescreen signaling">WSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Data_Services" title="Extended Data Services">XDS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_systems_before_1940" title="Television systems before 1940">Pre-1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_television" title="Mechanical television">Mechanical television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/180-line_television_system" title="180-line television system">180-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/343-line_television_system" title="343-line television system">343-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/375-line_television_system" title="375-line television system">375-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/441-line_television_system" title="441-line television system">441-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/455-line_television_system" title="455-line television system">455-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/567-line_television_system" title="567-line television system">567-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field-sequential_color_system" title="Field-sequential color system">Field-sequential color system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Television#OSKM" title="Soviet Central Television">OSKM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">Digital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Interlaced_video" title="Interlaced video">Interlaced</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard-definition_television" title="Standard-definition television">SDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480i" title="480i">480i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576i" title="576i">576i</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_scan" title="Progressive scan">Progressive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">LDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">240p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">288p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced-definition_television" title="Enhanced-definition television">EDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480p" title="480p">480p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576p" title="576p">576p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">UHDTV</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">4K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">8K</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">MPEG-2 Video</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB" title="DVB">DVB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB_3D-TV" title="DVB 3D-TV">DVB 3D-TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Multimedia_Mobile_Broadcasting" title="China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting">CMMB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS+</a><a href="#cite_note-avs-151">[note 1]</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">MPEG-4 Visual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a><a href="#cite_note-mobaho-152">[note 2]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">MPEG-4 AVC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards#H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" title="ATSC standards">ATSC A/72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Multimedia_Mobile_Broadcasting" title="China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting">CMMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_multimedia_broadcasting" title="Digital multimedia broadcasting">DMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a><a href="#cite_note-mobaho-152">[note 2]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2</a><a href="#cite_note-avs-151">[note 1]</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">MPEG-H HEVC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_3.0" title="ATSC 3.0">ATSC 3.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_multimedia_broadcasting" title="Digital multimedia broadcasting">HD DMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB#ISDB-S3" title="ISDB">ISDB-S3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">Audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">AC-3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">5.1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-4" title="Dolby AC-4">AC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Resolution_Adaptation" title="Dynamic Resolution Adaptation">DRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Audio Layer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">MPEG Multichannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">PCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_pulse-code_modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear pulse-code modulation">LPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Hidden signals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Format_Description" title="Active Format Description">AFD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_flag" title="Broadcast flag">Broadcast flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">Captioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-CPCM" title="DVB-CPCM">CPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">EPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-avs-151">^ <a href="#cite_ref-avs_151-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-avs_151-1">b</a> Also used in China's DVB-S/S2 network. </li> <li id="cite_note-mobaho-152">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mobaho_152-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mobaho_152-1">b</a> Defunct. </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Technical_issues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Technical issues</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14:9" class="mw-redirect" title="14:9">14:9 compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast-safe" title="Broadcast-safe">Broadcast-safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_cinema" title="Digital cinema">Digital cinema</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Cinema Initiative">DCI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_motion_blur" title="Display motion blur">Display motion blur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_image_formats" title="Moving image formats">Moving image formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG transport stream</a></li> <li><a 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