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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Revolutionary efforts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Revolutionary_efforts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Revolutionary efforts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Revolutionary_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dongnipdang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dongnipdang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Dongnipdang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dongnipdang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>First plan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_plan:_Gapsin_Coup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_plan:_Gapsin_Coup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Second plan: Gapsin Coup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_plan:_Gapsin_Coup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinese_interference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_interference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Chinese interference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_interference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_his_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_his_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>After his death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_his_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" 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title="Kim Ok-gyun – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kim Ok-gyun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B9%80%EC%98%A5%EA%B7%A0" title="김옥균 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="김옥균" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%B4_%D5%95%D5%AF_%D4%BF%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կիմ Օկ Կյուն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կիմ Օկ Կյուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Ok-gyun" title="Kim Ok-gyun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kim Ok-gyun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="كيم اوك جيون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كيم اوك جيون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%8E%89%E5%9D%87" title="金玉均 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="金玉均" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D0%BD" title="Ким Ок Кюн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ким Ок Кюн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Ok-gyun" title="Kim Ok-gyun – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kim Ok-gyun" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%8E%89%E5%9D%87" title="金玉均 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="金玉均" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kim_Ok-gyun" title="Special:EditPage/Kim Ok-gyun">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Kim+Ok-gyun%22">"Kim Ok-gyun"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Kim+Ok-gyun%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Kim+Ok-gyun%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Kim+Ok-gyun%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Kim+Ok-gyun%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Kim+Ok-gyun%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean name</a>, the family name is <i> <a href="/wiki/Kim_(Korean_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim (Korean name)">Kim</a></i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Kim Ok-gyun</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gim_Okgyun.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Gim_Okgyun.png/220px-Gim_Okgyun.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Gim_Okgyun.png/330px-Gim_Okgyun.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Gim_Okgyun.png/440px-Gim_Okgyun.png 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="1581" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1851-02-23</span>)</span>February 23, 1851<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/South_Chungcheong_Province" title="South Chungcheong Province">South Chungcheong Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 28, 1894<span style="display:none">(1894-03-28)</span> (aged 43)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Korean</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Kim Byeong-tae (father)</li><li>Lady Song of the Eunjin Song clan (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Kim Byeong-gi (adoptive father)</li> <li>Lady Jo of the <a href="/wiki/Pungyang_Jo_clan" title="Pungyang Jo clan">Pungyang Jo clan</a> (adoptive mother)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data">Shin Andong Kim clan</td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width: 22em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Kim Ok-gyun</td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">김옥균</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">金玉均</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Gim Okgyun</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="McCune–Reischauer transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Kim Okkyun</i></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;"><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art name</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">고균, 고우</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">古筠, 古愚</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Gogyun, Gou</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="McCune–Reischauer transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Kogyun, Kou</i></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tbody></table> <p><b>Kim Ok-gyun</b> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">김옥균</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">金玉均</span></span>; February 23, 1851 – March 28, 1894) was a reformist (<i>Gaehwapa</i>, 개화파) activist during the late <a href="/wiki/Joseon_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseon dynasty">Joseon dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>. He served under the <a href="/wiki/National_civil_service" class="mw-redirect" title="National civil service">national civil service</a> under King <a href="/wiki/Gojong_of_Joseon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gojong of Joseon">Gojong</a>, and actively participated to advance Western European ideas and sciences in Korea. The goal of the reform movement was to develop Korea in government, technology, and military by using foreign resources to help Korea become stable enough to withstand anticipated increases in foreign encroachment. Kim was assassinated in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, and later was given the posthumous title "Chungdal". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Ok-gyun&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kim was born into the <a href="/wiki/Andong_Kim_clan" title="Andong Kim clan">Andong Kim clan</a> to Kim Byung-tae and his wife, Lady Song of the <a href="/wiki/Eunjin_Song_clan" title="Eunjin Song clan">Eunjin Song clan</a>, on 23 February 1851 in <a href="/wiki/South_Chungcheong_Province" title="South Chungcheong Province">South Chungcheong Province</a>. Through his father, Kim is related to Kim Sang-yong, the older brother of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Sunwon" title="Queen Sunwon">Queen Sunwon</a>'s 6th great-grandfather, Kim Sang-gwan. His family was poor, and, by the age of four, they moved to <a href="/wiki/Cheonan" title="Cheonan">Cheonan</a>. His father opened a <a href="/wiki/Seodang" title="Seodang">Seodang</a>, or Korean verbal school, at which Kim was educated. When he was six, he was adopted by Kim Byung-gi, a distant relative who had lost his son and was desperate to secure the continuation of his family lineage. </p><p>For four years, Kim stayed in what is today <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a> and, when Kim Byung-gi was named the governor in <a href="/wiki/Gangneung" title="Gangneung">Gangneung</a> state in spring of 1861, they moved once again. When Kim reached the age of fifteen, Kim Byunggye was named "Beopmubu Chagwan" in the judicial office, and his family returned to Seoul. There, Kim learned and competed with the sons of other aristocratic families. He displayed his talents in playing the <a href="/wiki/Kayakem" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayakem">Kayakem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">singing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Dancing">dancing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligraphy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>. His fame and talents eventually reached the imperial palace, and Queen Dowager invited him. </p><p>At the age of 22, Kim took the <a href="/wiki/Gwageo" title="Gwageo">national civil service</a> exam, and was ranked "Jang-won Geub-jae" (level 6) (usually it took about ten years to achieve this status). To avoid the possible negative impacts of the internal political conflicts that could result on his adopted son, Kim Byung-gi retired from his holding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revolutionary_efforts">Revolutionary efforts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Ok-gyun&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Revolutionary efforts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kim_Ok-gyun.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kim_Ok-gyun.gif/180px-Kim_Ok-gyun.gif" decoding="async" width="180" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kim_Ok-gyun.gif/270px-Kim_Ok-gyun.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Kim_Ok-gyun.gif 2x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>At the time, <a href="/wiki/Heungseon_Daewongun" title="Heungseon Daewongun">Heungseon Daewongun</a>, who had implemented policies to avoid contact with the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">West</a> for ten years, lost political power. Although trade with Europeans began and foreign policies were adopted, the situation worsened, and Kim meddled in the internal conflicts in the palace. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dongnipdang">Dongnipdang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Ok-gyun&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dongnipdang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kim advocated for more open policies to the West so that Korea might adopt Western European ideals, knowledge, and technology, thereby securing its existence in the rapidly modernizing world of the 19th century. During his national civil service, Kim found many others who agreed with him, and they formed the <i>Dongnipdang</i>, or "Independence Party." </p><p>Among their various contacts, the group met a Buddhist monk at <a href="/wiki/Bongwonsa" title="Bongwonsa">Bongwonsa</a>, who showed them a peculiar European device. It was a projector that displayed different photographs of West European, such as the streets of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> soldier. He also showed a Japanese book that contained scenes of foreign nations. The activists asked the monk to obtain more Western European artifacts for them. The monk then spent two months journeying to and from <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> bringing more Western European products. These had to be kept hidden due to the policies of the time which prohibited foreign contact. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_plan">First plan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Ok-gyun&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> and the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ganghwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Ganghwa">Treaty of Ganghwa</a>, which Kim was against, Kim realized that Japan, regarded by the Korean government as a barbaric nation, had westernized and become a much stronger country. Therefore, Kim wished to visit Japan to learn how the Japanese had western Europeanized. In November 1881, Kim was granted permission to visit Japan under the mission of finding out whether Japan was planning to invade Korea. After arriving in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, he met with various influential Japanese politicians during his stay, and was sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Fukuzawa_Yukichi" title="Fukuzawa Yukichi">Fukuzawa Yukichi</a> to study at <a href="/wiki/Keio_University" title="Keio University">Keio University</a> from February to August 1882. Kim concluded that for now Japan would not invade Korea because its military strength was not comparable to <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing China</a>. Kim felt that, in order to ensure survival when China was in decline, Korea would have to borrow Japanese help to modernize itself, and that the only solution to the situation was to introduce a new political force to wipe out the present dominant party. </p><p>During his stay in Japan, he sought assistance, and Japanese statesman <a href="/wiki/Inoue_Kaoru" title="Inoue Kaoru">Inoue Kaoru</a> promised him 3,000,000 <a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire_won" title="Korean Empire won">won</a> (Korean currency) if Kim were to obtain permission from Korean <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gojong" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Gojong">Emperor Gojong</a> for reforms. Unfortunately, conflicts with a German ambassador and a change in Japanese policy on Korea caused Inoue to break his promise. Kim returned home in March 1884 without having attained his goal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_plan:_Gapsin_Coup">Second plan: Gapsin Coup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Ok-gyun&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Second plan: Gapsin Coup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gapsin_Coup" title="Gapsin Coup">Gapsin Coup</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kim_Ok-gyun" title="Special:EditPage/Kim Ok-gyun">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Gaehwapa activists continued to meet at Kim's private house and discuss the ongoing events concerning <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> and the international politics. In a feast offered by Kim for the members of the Min Yeong-ik political faction, several Japanese government officials were present, including Inoue and several of the Gaehwapa activists. Under the uncomfortable atmosphere, the discussions soon led to the <a href="/wiki/Sino-French_War" title="Sino-French War">Sino-French War</a>. The Min Yeong-ik faction fiercely supported Qing China (which they felt would ensure the survival of Korea), and Japan fiercely supported France (which they felt would allow Japan to overtake Korea). The meeting broke up as Kim and others tried to stop the heated exchanges of debate. From this meeting, Kim could clearly predict that Japan would try to take advantage of the <a href="/wiki/Sino-French_War" title="Sino-French War">Sino-French War</a> by extending its influence on Korea. </p><p>Clandestinely, Kim visited the Japanese embassy after the feast. During a discussion with Shimamura, Kim questioned Japan's stance for the Gaehwapa and complained about the incident with Inoue. Shimamura explained that the Japanese still support the movement, and that the internal conflicts and misunderstandings contributed to the ill relationship for Kim with <a href="/wiki/Inoue_Kaoru" title="Inoue Kaoru">Inoue</a>. He added that the <a href="/wiki/Sino-French_War" title="Sino-French War">Sino-French War</a> was a great chance for spurring another movement, to which the Japanese government would definitely respond to. </p><p>In a meeting of the Gaehwapa activists and Japanese supporters, Kim outlined a plan for the revolution. It consisted of the assassinations of certain political figures, and creating a major chaos on the day of the reception for the founding of "Ujeongchongguk" (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">우정총국</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">郵政總局</span></span>), or <i>Office for International Postal Service</i>. They would select potential enemies as scapegoats to whom the blame would rest. The Japanese embassy strongly pledged their active military support to this plan. The young <a href="/wiki/Seo_Jae-pil" class="mw-redirect" title="Seo Jae-pil">Seo Jae-pil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soh_Kwang-pom" title="Soh Kwang-pom">Seo Gwang-beom</a> also supported Kim's efforts to overturn the old retrograde regime. </p><p>On the night of December 4, 1884, near the post office opening reception, a fire occurred. While the activists created chaos with explosives and gunshots, the assassins proceeded in their murders. Over the night, the <a href="/wiki/Gaehwapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaehwapa">Gaehwapa</a> became the prevailing party in the government. This event is known as the <a href="/wiki/Gapsin_Coup" title="Gapsin Coup">Gapsin Coup</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese_interference">Chinese interference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Ok-gyun&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Chinese interference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HongJongU.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/HongJongU.JPG/150px-HongJongU.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/HongJongU.JPG/225px-HongJongU.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/HongJongU.JPG/300px-HongJongU.JPG 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="1003" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hong_Jong-u" title="Hong Jong-u">Hong Jong-u</a>, the assassin of Kim Ok-gyun, ca. 1895</figcaption></figure><p>The truths behind the <a href="/wiki/Gapsin_Coup" title="Gapsin Coup">Gapsin Coup</a> incident were leaked to Queen Min (posthumously known as <a href="/wiki/Empress_Myeongseong" title="Empress Myeongseong">Empress Myeongseong</a>), and the plans of the Gaehwapa threatened her political rights. Therefore, the queen secretly requested the Chinese military for their presence. The Korean and Japanese soldiers fought outnumbered against the Chinese army, but were forced to retreat. With the predominance of the Chinese army, the Gaehwapa activists lost power to the Sadaedang, and their lives were threatened. The Gaehwapa activists headed toward the city port of Jemulpo (<a href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a>) under the escort of the Japanese ambassador Takejo, and boarded a Japanese ship, <i>Sensei</i>. When there was a request to the Japanese ambassador Takejo to hand over the activists, he yielded; the Japanese captain Sujikas scolded Takejo and prohibited their release. The activists fled, many to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, but Kim Okgyun to Japan. Because his Korean name would be unfit for living in Japan, the captain gave Kim a new name, Iwata Shusaku. He led a life under the protection of the Japanese government, staying in Tokyo, then in <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a>, and also visiting the <a href="/wiki/Ogasawara_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogasawara Islands">Ogasawara Islands</a>. </p><p>Following the failure of the Gapsin Coup, Kim lived in fear of assassination. However, when invited to meet with <a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhang" title="Li Hongzhang">Li Hongzhang</a> (李鴻章) in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, he felt that he could not refuse. Before departing Kim gave his personal diaries to Koyama, one of his close Japanese friends, in case something should happen to him. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Jong-u" title="Hong Jong-u">Hong Jong-u</a>, who had travelled to Japan in 1893 to assassinate Kim Okgyun and <a href="/wiki/Pak_Yung-hio" class="mw-redirect" title="Pak Yung-hio">Park Yeong-hyo</a>, another reform-minded Korean, learned of the voyage and managed to obtain passage to China on the same vessel. While en route to Shanghai he killed Kim Ok-gyun with a pistol. Hong later returned to Korea where he was appointed to high office. Kim's body was turned over to a Chinese warship, where it was dismembered. Parts of the body were put on public display in several towns in Korea as a traditional humiliation and punishment for treason.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Japan, there was an official protest to the Chinese government over the treatment of Kim's remains. <a href="/wiki/Fukuzawa_Yukichi" title="Fukuzawa Yukichi">Fukuzawa Yukichi</a> led a memorial service in Japan in Kim's honor, and erected a gravestone for him at the <a href="/wiki/Aoyama_Cemetery" title="Aoyama Cemetery">Aoyama Cemetery</a> in Tokyo. The assassination of Kim Ok-gyun was cited by the Japanese as one of the events leading to the <a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_his_death">After his death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Ok-gyun&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: After his death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kim Ok-gyun's assassination served as a <a href="/wiki/Casus_belli" title="Casus belli">casus belli</a> for the <a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a>. The Japanese government predicted the assassination of Kim Ok-gyun,<sup id="cite_ref-金玉均_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-金玉均-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2020)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but they did not stop the assassination. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Ok-gyun&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kim_Ok-gyun" title="Special:EditPage/Kim Ok-gyun">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Father <ul><li>Kim Byeong-tae (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">김병태</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">金炳台</span></span>) <ul><li>Adoptive father - Kim Byeong-gi (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">김병기</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">金炳基</span></span>; 1814–1891)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Mother <ul><li>Lady Song of the Eunjin Song clan (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">은진 송씨</span></span>) <ul><li>Adoptive mother - Lady Jo of the Pungyang Jo clan (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">풍양 조씨</span></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Siblings <ul><li>Older sister - Kim Gyun-yi (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">김균이</span></span>), Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan (?–1944)</li> <li>Younger brother - Kim Gak-gyun (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">김각균</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">金珏均</span></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Wives and their children <ul><li>Lady Yu of the Gangreung Yu clan (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">강릉 유씨</span></span>)/Lady Yu of the Gigye Yu clan (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">기계 유씨</span></span>) <ul><li>Daughter - Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan</li> <li>Son - Kim Yeong-jin (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">김영진</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">金英鎭</span></span>; 26 May 1876 – 16 January 1947) <ul><li>Grandson - Kim Seong-han (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">김성한</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">金聲漢</span></span>; 1918–?)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Concubine - Lady Song (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">송씨</span></span>)</li> <li>Sukitani Otama (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">스기타니 오타마</span></span>)</li> <li>Masuno Naka (마쓰노 나카, 松野なか) <ul><li>Daughter - Kim Sada (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">사다</span></span>)</li> <li>Son-in-law - Suzuki Ichigoro (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">스즈키 이치고로</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">鈴木市五郎</span></span>) <ul><li>Granddaughter - Suzuki Hideko (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">히데코</span></span>; 1910 – 6 June 1937)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Nami (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">나미</span></span>) <ul><li>Unnamed son</li></ul></li> <li>Unnamed concubine <ul><li>Kim Hak-jin (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">김학진</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">金學鎭</span></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Ok-gyun&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Portrayed by Yoo Tae-woong in the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Seoul_Broadcasting_System" title="Seoul Broadcasting System">SBS</a> TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Jejungwon_(TV_series)" title="Jejungwon (TV series)">Jejungwon</a></i>.</li> <li>Portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Hee-seok" title="Yoon Hee-seok">Yoon Hee-seok</a> in the 2014 <a href="/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System" title="Korean Broadcasting System">KBS</a> TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Gunman_in_Joseon" title="Gunman in Joseon">Gunman in Joseon</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Ok-gyun&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Ok-gyun&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">page 486 <i>AMERICANS IN EASTERN ASIA, A Critical Study of the Policy of the United States with reference to China, Japan and Korea in the 19th Century</i> Tyler Dennett (1922) The Macmillan Company, New York <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/americansineaste00denn/page/486/mode/1up?view=theater">https://archive.org/details/americansineaste00denn/page/486/mode/1up?view=theater</a> Retrieved 19 September 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-金玉均-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-金玉均_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohmynews.com/nws_web/view/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0000294647"><bdi lang="ko">조선의 운명을 바꾼 김옥균 암살 사건</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/OhmyNews" title="OhmyNews">OhmyNews</a></i> (in Korean). South Korea. 2005-11-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OhmyNews&rft.atitle=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%98+%EC%9A%B4%EB%AA%85%EC%9D%84+%EB%B0%94%EA%BE%BC+%EA%B9%80%EC%98%A5%EA%B7%A0+%EC%95%94%EC%82%B4+%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4&rft.date=2005-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohmynews.com%2Fnws_web%2Fview%2Fat_pg.aspx%3FCNTN_CD%3DA0000294647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKim+Ok-gyun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Ok-gyun&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.today/20041218035345/http://www.asan.go.kr/eng/art/sub_04_08_03.asp">https://archive.today/20041218035345/http://www.asan.go.kr/eng/art/sub_04_08_03.asp</a></li> <li>Woong-jin Wee-in-jun-gi #19 Kim Okgyun by Baek Suk-gi. (C) 1996 Woongjin Publishing Co., Ltd.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Ok-gyun&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1056106697">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80038125">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121958586">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121958586">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00622697">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p101888848">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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href="https://www.idref.fr/075976692">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Ok-gyun&oldid=1255859983">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Ok-gyun&oldid=1255859983</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1851_births" title="Category:1851 births">1851 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1894_deaths" title="Category:1894 deaths">1894 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_Korean_people" title="Category:19th-century Korean 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