Juju | Cloud (substrate)

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and Juju</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link is-expandable" href="/docs/juju/configuration" aria-expanded="true" >Configuration</a> <button class="p-side-navigation__expand" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="show submenu for Configuration"></button> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link is-expandable" href="/docs/juju/list-of-controller-configuration-keys" aria-expanded="false" >List of controller configuration keys</a> <button class="p-side-navigation__expand" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="show submenu for List of controller configuration keys"></button> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/audit-log-exclude-methods" >audit-log-exclude-methods</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li 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class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/controller" >Controller</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/credential" >Credential</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/deployment" >Deploying</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/endpoint" >Endpoint</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/high-availability" >High-availability</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/hook" >Hook</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/hook-tool" >Hook tool</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <strong class="p-side-navigation__text is-expandable" aria-expanded="true" >Juju</strong> <button class="p-side-navigation__expand" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="show submenu for Juju"></button> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/roadmap" >Juju roadmap & releases</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/cross-version-compatibility-in-juju" >Cross-version compatibility in Juju</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link is-expandable" href="/docs/juju/juju-client" aria-expanded="true" >juju CLI (Juju client)</a> <button class="p-side-navigation__expand" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="show submenu for juju CLI (Juju client)"></button> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link is-expandable" href="/docs/juju/juju-cli-commands" aria-expanded="false" >juju CLI commands</a> <button class="p-side-navigation__expand" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="show submenu for juju CLI commands"></button> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-actions" >juju actions</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-add-cloud" >juju add-cloud</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-add-credential" >juju add-credential</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> 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href="/docs/juju/juju-bootstrap" >juju bootstrap</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-cancel-task" >juju cancel-task</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-change-user-password" >juju change-user-password</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-charm-resources" >juju charm-resources</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-clouds" >juju clouds</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-collect-metrics" >juju collect-metrics</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-config" >juju config</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-constraints" >juju constraints</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-consume" >juju consume</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-controller-config" >juju controller-config</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-controllers" >juju controllers</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a 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class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-destroy-controller" >juju destroy-controller</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-destroy-model" >juju destroy-model</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-detach-storage" >juju detach-storage</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-diff-bundle" >juju diff-bundle</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-disable-command" >juju disable-command</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-disable-user" >juju disable-user</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-disabled-commands" >juju disabled-commands</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-documentation" >juju documentation</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-download" >juju download</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-download-backup" >juju download-backup</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-enable-command" >juju enable-command</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li 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href="/docs/juju/juju-expose" >juju expose</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-find" >juju find</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-find-offers" >juju find-offers</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-firewall-rules" >juju firewall-rules</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-grant" >juju grant</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-grant-cloud" >juju grant-cloud</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li 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class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-list-storage" >juju list-storage</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-list-storage-pools" >juju list-storage-pools</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-list-subnets" >juju list-subnets</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-list-users" >juju list-users</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-login" >juju login</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-logout" >juju logout</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-machines" >juju machines</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-metrics" >juju metrics</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-migrate" >juju migrate</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-model-config" >juju model-config</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-model-constraints" >juju model-constraints</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-model-default" >juju model-default</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-model-defaults" >juju model-defaults</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-models" >juju models</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-move-to-space" >juju move-to-space</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-offer" >juju offer</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-offers" >juju offers</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-operations" >juju operations</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-payloads" >juju payloads</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-refresh" >juju refresh</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-regions" >juju regions</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-register" >juju register</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-relate" >juju relate</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-reload-spaces" >juju reload-spaces</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-remove-application" >juju remove-application</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-remove-cloud" >juju remove-cloud</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-remove-credential" >juju remove-credential</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-remove-k8s" >juju remove-k8s</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-remove-machine" >juju remove-machine</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-remove-offer" >juju remove-offer</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-remove-relation" >juju remove-relation</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-remove-saas" >juju remove-saas</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-remove-secret" >juju remove-secret</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-remove-secret-backend" >juju remove-secret-backend</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-remove-space" >juju remove-space</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-remove-ssh-key" >juju remove-ssh-key</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-remove-storage" >juju remove-storage</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-remove-storage-pool" >juju remove-storage-pool</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-remove-unit" >juju remove-unit</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-remove-user" >juju remove-user</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-rename-space" >juju rename-space</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-resolve" >juju resolve</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-resolved" >juju resolved</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-resources" >juju resources</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-resume-relation" >juju resume-relation</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-retry-provisioning" >juju retry-provisioning</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-revoke" >juju revoke</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-revoke-cloud" >juju revoke-cloud</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-revoke-secret" >juju revoke-secret</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-run" >juju run</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-scale-application" >juju scale-application</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-scp" >juju scp</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-secret-backends" >juju secret-backends</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-secrets" >juju secrets</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-set-application-base" >juju set-application-base</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-set-constraints" >juju set-constraints</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-set-credential" >juju set-credential</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-set-default-credentials" >juju set-default-credentials</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-set-default-region" >juju set-default-region</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-set-firewall-rule" >juju set-firewall-rule</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-set-meter-status" >juju set-meter-status</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-set-model-constraints" >juju set-model-constraints</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-action" >juju show-action</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-application" >juju show-application</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-cloud" >juju show-cloud</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-controller" >juju show-controller</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-credential" >juju show-credential</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-credentials" >juju show-credentials</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-machine" >juju show-machine</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-model" >juju show-model</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-offer" >juju show-offer</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-operation" >juju show-operation</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-secret" >juju show-secret</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-secret-backend" >juju show-secret-backend</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-space" >juju show-space</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-status-log" >juju show-status-log</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-storage" >juju show-storage</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-task" >juju show-task</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-unit" >juju show-unit</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-show-user" >juju show-user</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-spaces" >juju spaces</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-ssh" >juju ssh</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-ssh-keys" >juju ssh-keys</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-status" >juju status</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-storage" >juju storage</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-storage-pools" >juju storage-pools</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-subnets" >juju subnets</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-suspend-relation" >juju suspend-relation</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-switch" >juju switch</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-sync-agent-binary" >juju sync-agent-binary</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-trust" >juju trust</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-unexpose" >juju unexpose</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-unregister" >juju unregister</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-update-cloud" >juju update-cloud</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-update-credential" >juju update-credential</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-update-credentials" >juju update-credentials</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-update-k8s" >juju update-k8s</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-update-public-clouds" >juju update-public-clouds</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-update-secret" >juju update-secret</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-update-secret-backend" >juju update-secret-backend</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-update-storage-pool" >juju update-storage-pool</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-upgrade-controller" >juju upgrade-controller</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-upgrade-machine" >juju upgrade-machine</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-upgrade-model" >juju upgrade-model</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-users" >juju users</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-wait-for" >juju wait-for</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-wait-for-application" >juju wait-for application</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-wait-for-machine" >juju wait-for machine</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-wait-for-model" >juju wait-for model</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-wait-for-unit" >juju wait-for unit</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/juju-whoami" >juju whoami</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/environment-variables" >juju environment variables</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/the-juju-dashboard" >juju-dashboard (the Juju dashboard)</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li class="p-side-navigation__item"> <a class="p-side-navigation__link " href="/docs/juju/the-juju-web-cli" >juju web CLI</a> <ul class="p-side-navigation__list"> </ul> </li> <li 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(substrate)</h1> </div> </div> <div class="l-docs__main u-text-max-width"> <main class="u-fixed-width"> <div class="p-strip is-shallow" style="overflow: visible;"> <blockquote> <p>See also: <a href="/docs/juju/manage-clouds">How to manage a cloud</a></p> </blockquote> <p>To Juju, a <strong>cloud</strong> (or backing cloud) is any entity that has an API that can provide compute, networking, and optionally storage resources in order for application units to be deployed on them. This includes public clouds such as Amazon Web Services, Google Compute Engine, Microsoft Azure and Kubernetes as well as private OpenStack-based clouds. Juju can also make use of environments which are not clouds per se, but which Juju can nonetheless treat as a cloud. MAAS and LXD fit into this last category. Because of this, in Juju a cloud is sometimes also called, more generally, a <strong>substrate</strong>.</p> <p><strong>Contents:</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="#heading--supported-clouds">Supported clouds</a></li> <li><a href="#heading--cloud-differences">Cloud differences</a></li> <li><a href="#heading--cloud-definition">Cloud definition</a></li> </ul> <p><a href="#heading--supported-clouds"></a></p><h2 id="heading--supported-clouds"><a href="#heading--supported-clouds">Supported clouds</a></h2><p></p> <blockquote> <p>See: <a href="/docs/juju/juju-supported-clouds">List of supported clouds</a></p> </blockquote> <p><a href="#heading--cloud-differences"></a></p><h2 id="heading--cloud-differences"><a href="#heading--cloud-differences">Cloud differences</a></h2><p></p> <p>While Juju aims to make all clouds feel the same, some differences still persist depending on whether the cloud is a machine cloud or a Kubernetes cloud or a specific cloud as opposed to another.</p> <ul> <li><a href="#heading--machine-clouds-vs--kubernetes-clouds">Machine clouds vs. Kubernetes clouds</a></li> <li><a href="#heading--cloud-foo-vs--cloud-bar">Cloud foo vs. cloud bar</a></li> </ul> <p><a href="#heading--machine-clouds-vs--kubernetes-clouds"></a></p><h3 id="heading--machine-clouds-vs--kubernetes-clouds"><a href="#heading--machine-clouds-vs--kubernetes-clouds">Machine clouds vs. Kubernetes clouds</a></h3><p></p> <p>Juju makes a fundamental distinction between <strong>‘machine’ clouds</strong> – that is, clouds based on bare metal machines (BMs; e.g., MAAS), virtual machines (VMs; e.g., AWS EC2), or system containers (e.g., LXD) – and <strong>‘Kubernetes’ clouds</strong> – that is, based on containers (e.g., AWS EKS).</p> <blockquote> <p>See more: <a href="/docs/juju/machine">Machine</a></p> </blockquote> <p>While the user experience is still mostly the same – bootstrap a Juju controller into the cloud, add a model, deploy charms, scale, upgrade, etc. – this difference affects:</p> <ul> <li>the required system requirements (e.g., for a Juju controller, 4GB vs. 6GB memory)</li> <li>the way you connect the cloud to Juju (<code>add-cloud</code> + <code>add-credentials</code> vs. <code>add-k8s</code>)</li> <li>what charms you can deploy (‘machine’ charms vs. ‘Kubernetes’ charms)</li> </ul> <p>and, occasionally</p> <ul> <li>what operations you may perform, e.g., <ul> <li><code>enable-ha</code> is currently supported just for machine controllers</li> <li>scaling an application is done via <code>add-unit</code> on machines and via <code>scale-application</code> on K8s).</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <blockquote> <p>See more: <a href="/docs/juju/tutorial">Tutorial</a>, <a href="/docs/juju/how-to">Juju How-to guides</a></p> </blockquote> <p>Juju’s vision is to eventually make this distinction irrelevant.</p> <p><a href="#heading--cloud-foo-vs--cloud-bar"></a></p><h3 id="heading--cloud-foo-vs--cloud-bar"><a href="#heading--cloud-foo-vs--cloud-bar">Cloud foo vs. cloud bar</a></h3><p></p> <p>As a Juju user you will sometimes also notice small differences tied to a cloud’s specific identity, beyond the machine-Kubernetes divide.</p> <p>This usually affects the setup phase (the information you have to supply to Juju to connect Juju to your cloud, and whether Juju can retrieve any of that automatically for you) and, later on, the customisations you can make to your deployment (e.g., small differences in configurations, constraints, placement directives, subnets, spaces, storage, etc., depending on the features available / supported for a given cloud).</p> <blockquote> <p>See more: <a href="/docs/juju/juju-supported-clouds">List of supported clouds > <code><cloud name></code></a></p> </blockquote> <p>However, note that all Kubernetes clouds are fundamentally the same.</p> <blockquote> <p>See more: <a href="/docs/juju/kubernetes-clouds-and-juju">Kubernetes clouds and Juju</a></p> </blockquote> <p><a href="#heading--cloud-definition"></a></p><h2 id="heading--cloud-definition"><a href="#heading--cloud-definition">Cloud definition</a></h2><p></p> <p>In Juju, cloud definitions can be provided either interactively or via a YAML file or (depending on the cloud) environment variables.</p> <p>Regardless of the method, they are saved in a file called <code>public-clouds.yaml</code> (for public clouds; on Linux, typically: <code>~/.local/share/juju/public-clouds.yaml</code>) or <code>clouds.yaml</code> (for user-defined clouds, including Kubernetes; on Linux, the default location is: <code>~/.local/share/juju/clouds.yaml</code>).</p> <p>These files both follow the same basic schema.</p> <hr/> <details> <summary> Expand to view an example 'clouds.yaml' file with a definition for LXD and Amazon EKS</summary> <pre><code class="lang-plaintext">clouds: lxd: type: lxd auth-types: - certificate endpoint: <endpoint> regions: default: endpoint: <endpoint> config: apt-http-proxy: <endpoint> eks: type: kubernetes host-cloud-region: ec2/eu-north-1 auth-types: - userpass - oauth2 - clientcertificate endpoint: <endpoint> regions: eu-north-1: endpoint: <endpoint> config: operator-storage: gp2 workload-storage: gp2 ca-certificates: <certificates> </code></pre> </details> <hr/> <p>The rest of this section gives details about this schema.</p> <blockquote> <p><a href="https://github.com/juju/juju/blob/ecd609d9e8700e87f630b6fb8c8b6690f211092d/cloud/clouds.go">Source</a></p> </blockquote> <div class="p-notification"> <div class="p-notification__response"> <span class="p-notification__status"> tl;dr: </span> <p>The most important keys are <code>clouds</code>, <code>.<cloud name></code>, <code>..type</code>, <code>..auth-types</code>, and <code>..endpoint</code>.</p> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="#heading--clouds"><code>clouds</code></a></li> <li><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud"><code>clouds.<cloud></code></a></li> <li><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-auth-types"><code>clouds.<cloud>.auth-types</code></a></li> <li><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-ca-certificates"><code>clouds.<cloud>.ca-certificates</code></a></li> <li><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-config"><code>clouds.<cloud>.config</code></a></li> <li><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-description"><code>clouds.<cloud>.description</code></a></li> <li><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-endpoint"><code>clouds.<cloud>.endpoint</code></a></li> <li><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-host-cloud-region"><code>clouds.<cloud>.host-cloud-region</code></a></li> <li><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-identity-endpoint"><code>clouds.<cloud>.identity-endpoint</code></a></li> <li><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-region-config"><code>clouds.<cloud>.region-config</code></a></li> <li><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-regions"><code>clouds.<cloud>.regions</code></a></li> <li><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-regions-region"><code>clouds.<cloud>.regions.<region></code></a></li> <li><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-regions-region-endpoint"><code>clouds.<cloud>.regions.<region>.endpoint</code></a></li> <li><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-regions-region-identity-endpoint"><code>clouds.<cloud>.regions.<region>.identity-endpoint</code></a></li> <li><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-regions-region-storage-endpoint"><code>clouds.<cloud>.regions.<region>.storage-endpoint</code></a></li> <li><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-storage-endpoint"><code>clouds.<cloud>.storage-endpoint</code></a></li> <li><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-type"><code>clouds.<cloud>.type</code></a></li> </ul> <p><a href="#heading--clouds"></a></p><h3 id="heading--clouds"><a href="#heading--clouds"><code>clouds</code></a></h3><p></p> <p><strong>Status:</strong> Required.</p> <p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To define different clouds.</p> <p><strong>Value:</strong> Mapping. Keys are cloud names.</p> <p><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud"></a></p><h3 id="heading--clouds-cloud"><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud"><code>clouds.<cloud></code></a></h3><p></p> <p><strong>Status:</strong> Required.</p> <p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To define a cloud.</p> <p><strong>Name:</strong> String = the name of the cloud. For built-in clouds and for public clouds, set by Juju; see <a href="/docs/juju/juju-supported-clouds">List of supported clouds > <code><cloud name></code></a>. For user-defined clouds, set by the user.</p> <p><strong>Value:</strong> Mapping. Keys are strings = cloud properties.</p> <p><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-auth-types"></a></p><h3 id="heading--clouds-cloud-auth-types"><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-auth-types"><code>clouds.<cloud>.auth-types</code></a></h3><p></p> <p><strong>Status:</strong> Required.</p> <p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To define the authentication types supported by the clouds.</p> <p><strong>Value:</strong> Sequence. Items are strings = authentication types supported by the cloud given its cloud type. See more: <a href="/docs/juju/juju-supported-clouds">List of supported clouds > <code><cloud name></code> > Cloud definition</a>.</p> <p><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-ca-certificates"></a></p><h3 id="heading--clouds-cloud-ca-certificates"><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-ca-certificates"><code>clouds.<cloud>.ca-certificates</code></a></h3><p></p> <p><strong>Status:</strong> Optional.</p> <p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To define the Certificate Authority certificates to be used to validate certificates of cloud infrastructure components.</p> <p><strong>Value:</strong> Sequence. Items are strings = base64-encoded x.509 certs.</p> <p><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-config"></a></p><h3 id="heading--clouds-cloud-config"><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-config"><code>clouds.<cloud>.config</code></a></h3><p></p> <p><strong>Status:</strong> Optional.</p> <p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To define a model configuration to use when bootstrapping Juju in the cloud. The configuration will be combined with Juju-generated, and user-supplied values; user-supplied values take precedence.</p> <p><strong>Value:</strong> Mapping. Keys are model configuration keys (either generic or cloud-specific). See more: <a href="/docs/juju/list-of-model-configuration-keys">List of model configuration keys</a> and/or <a href="/docs/juju/juju-supported-clouds">List of supported clouds > <code><cloud></code></a>.</p> <p><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-description"></a></p><h3 id="heading--clouds-cloud-description"><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-description"><code>clouds.<cloud>.description</code></a></h3><p></p> <p><strong>Status:</strong> Optional.</p> <p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To describe the cloud.</p> <p><strong>Value:</strong> String = the cloud description.</p> <p><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-endpoint"></a></p><h3 id="heading--clouds-cloud-endpoint"><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-endpoint"><code>clouds.<cloud>.endpoint</code></a></h3><p></p> <p><strong>Status:</strong> [TO BE ADDED]</p> <p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To define the default endpoint for the cloud regions. Note: It may be overridden by a region.</p> <p><strong>Value:</strong> String = the endpoint URL or, for manual clouds, the SSH URI (e.g., <code>ubuntu@1.2.3.4</code>).</p> <p><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-host-cloud-region"></a></p><h3 id="heading--clouds-cloud-host-cloud-region"><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-host-cloud-region"><code>clouds.<cloud>.host-cloud-region</code></a></h3><p></p> <p><strong>Status:</strong> [TO BE ADDED]</p> <p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To define the Kubernetes host cloud region.</p> <p><strong>Value:</strong> String = the Kubernetes host cloud region, in the following format: <code><cloudType>/<region></code>.</p> <p><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-identity-endpoint"></a></p><h3 id="heading--clouds-cloud-identity-endpoint"><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-identity-endpoint"><code>clouds.<cloud>.identity-endpoint</code></a></h3><p></p> <p><strong>Status:</strong> [TO BE ADDED]</p> <p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To define the default identity endpoint for the cloud regions. Note: It may be overridden by a region.</p> <p><strong>Value:</strong> String = the default identity endpoint for the cloud regions.</p> <p><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-region-config"></a></p><h3 id="heading--clouds-cloud-region-config"><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-region-config"><code>clouds.<cloud>.region-config</code></a></h3><p></p> <p><strong>Status:</strong> Optional.</p> <p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To define a cloud-specific configuration to use when bootstrapping Juju in a specific cloud region. The configuration will be combined with Juju-generated and user supplied values; user supplied values take precedence.</p> <p><strong>Value:</strong> [TO BE ADDED]</p> <p><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-regions"></a></p><h3 id="heading--clouds-cloud-regions"><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-regions"><code>clouds.<cloud>.regions</code></a></h3><p></p> <p><strong>Status:</strong> Optional.</p> <p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To define the regions available in the cloud.</p> <p><strong>Value:</strong> Mapping. Keys are strings = region names. Cloud-specific. See more: <a href="/docs/juju/juju-supported-clouds">List of supported clouds > <code><cloud></code></a>.</p> <p><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-regions-region"></a></p><h3 id="heading--clouds-cloud-regions-region"><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-regions-region"><code>clouds.<cloud>.regions.<region></code></a></h3><p></p> <p><strong>Value:</strong> String = the name of the region.</p> <p><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-regions-region-endpoint"></a></p><h3 id="heading--clouds-cloud-regions-region-endpoint"><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-regions-region-endpoint"><code>clouds.<cloud>.regions.<region>.endpoint</code></a></h3><p></p> <p><strong>Value:</strong> String = the region’s primary endpoint URL.</p> <p><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-regions-region-identity-endpoint"></a></p><h3 id="heading--clouds-cloud-regions-region-identity-endpoint"><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-regions-region-identity-endpoint"><code>clouds.<cloud>.regions.<region>.identity-endpoint</code></a></h3><p></p> <p>The region’s identity endpoint URL. If the cloud/region does not have an identity-specific endpoint URL, this will be empty.</p> <p><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-regions-region-storage-endpoint"></a></p><h3 id="heading--clouds-cloud-regions-region-storage-endpoint"><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-regions-region-storage-endpoint"><code>clouds.<cloud>.regions.<region>.storage-endpoint</code></a></h3><p></p> <p>The region’s storage endpoint URL. If the cloud/region does not have an storage-specific endpoint URL, this will be empty.</p> <p><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-storage-endpoint"></a></p><h3 id="heading--clouds-cloud-storage-endpoint"><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-storage-endpoint"><code>clouds.<cloud>.storage-endpoint</code></a></h3><p></p> <p><strong>Status:</strong> Optional.</p> <p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To define the default storage endpoint for the cloud regions. Note: It may be overridden by a region.</p> <p><strong>Value:</strong> String = the storage endpoint.</p> <p><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-type"></a></p><h3 id="heading--clouds-cloud-type"><a href="#heading--clouds-cloud-type"><code>clouds.<cloud>.type</code></a></h3><p></p> <p><strong>Status:</strong> Required.</p> <p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To define the type of cloud in Juju.</p> <p><strong>Value:</strong> String = the cloud type. See more: <a href="/docs/juju/juju-supported-clouds">List of supported clouds > <code><cloud></code></a>.</p> </div> <div class="p-notification--information"> <div class="p-notification__content"> <p class="p-notification__message"> Last updated 2 months ago. <a href="https://discourse.charmhub.io/t/cloud-substrate/5454">Help improve this document in the forum</a> or <a href="https://github.com/juju/docs/issues/new?title=Documentation: Cloud (substrate)&body=Docs page: https://juju.is/docs/juju/cloud%0A%0ADocs source: https://discourse.charmhub.io/t/cloud-substrate/5454%0A%0AIssue: Please write your issue here."> File an issue </a>. </p> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="l-docs__footer"> <div class="p-strip--dark footer l-docs__subgrid"> <div class="l-docs__main"> <footer class="footer"> <div class="p-section"> <div class="row u-vertically-center"> <div class="col-7"> <h2>Join the community</h2> </div> <div class="col-5"> <ul class="p-inline-list u-no-margin--bottom"> <li class="p-inline-list__item"> <a href="https://github.com/juju" class="p-icon--github p-icon--github-white"></a> </li> <li class="p-inline-list__item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/ubuntu" class="p-icon--twitter"></a> </li> <li class="p-inline-list__item"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@UbuntuOS" class="p-icon--youtube"></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-section"> <div class="u-fixed-width"><hr class="p-rule is-dark"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-3"> <h2 class="p-heading--5">Juju</h2> <ul class="p-list"> <li class="p-list__item"> <a href="/#what-is-juju">What is Juju?</a> </li> <li class="p-list__item"> <a href="https://charmhub.io">What is Charmhub?</a> </li> <li class="p-list__item"> <a href="/docs/juju/reference">What are Charms?</a> </li> <li class="p-list__item"> <a href="/docs/sdk">What is the Charm SDK?</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-3"> <h2 class="p-heading--5">Charms</h2> <ul class="p-list"> <li class="p-list__item"> <a href="https://charmhub.io/?base=all&filter=databases,big-data">Data</a> </li> <li class="p-list__item"> <a href="https://ubuntu.com/kubernetes">Charmed Kubernetes</a> </li> <li class="p-list__item"> <a href="https://ubuntu.com/openstack">Charmed OpenStack</a> </li> <li class="p-list__item"> <a class="p-heading--5" href="https://charmhub.io/">All operators &rsaquo;</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-3"> <h2 class="p-heading--5">Compare</h2> <ul class="p-list"> <li class="p-list__item"> <a href="/blog/operators-and-charmed-operators">Operators & Charms</a> </li> <li class="p-list__item"> <a href="/blog/beyond-helm-and-kustomize-the-future-of-kubernetes-apps">Helm alternative</a> </li> <li class="p-list__item"> <a href="/blog/beyond-helm-and-kustomize-the-future-of-kubernetes-apps">Kustomize alternative</a> </li> <li class="p-list__item"> <a href="/blog/ansible-vs-terraform-vs-juju-fight-or-cooperation">Ansible alternative</a> </li> <li class="p-list__item"> <a href="/blog/juju-vs-infrastructure-as-code-tools">Terraform alternative</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-3"> <h2 class="p-heading--5">Blog</h2> <ul class="p-list"> <li class="p-list__item"> <a href="/blog/ubuntu-and-canonical-at-kubecon-europe-2021">Best Practices for creating charms</a> </li> <li class="p-list__item"> <a href="/model-driven-operations-manifesto">Model Driven Operations Manifesto</a> </li> <li class="p-list__item"> <a href="/blog/beyond-helm-and-kustomize-the-future-of-kubernetes-apps">Why Helm and Kustomize aren’t enough: the future of Kubernetes apps</a> </li> <li class="p-list__item"> <a class="p-heading--5" href="/blog">Read all of our blogs &rsaquo;</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-section"> <div class="u-fixed-width"><hr class="p-rule is-dark"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-3"> <p>© 2024 CC-BY-SA, Canonical Ltd.</p> </div> <div class="col-3"> <p> <a class="js-revoke-cookie-manager" href="">Manage your tracker settings</a> <br> <a href="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal">Legal Information</a> </p> </div> <div class="col-6"> <p> Ubuntu and Canonical are registered trademarks.<br> All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. </p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="/static/js/prism.js?v=2856ef2"></script> <script src="/static/js/docs-side-nav.js?v=36b9128"></script> <script src="/static/js/build/discourse-rad-parser/discourse-rad-parser.js?v=7516a6f"></script> <script> drpNs.DiscourseRADParser(); 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