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international relations theory</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: international relations theory"> <meta name="keywords" content="international relations theory"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="international relations theory"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9206</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: international relations theory</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9206</span> Identifying the Sacred in International Relations: A Religion-Based Analysis on Intimacy between Indonesia and Palestine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andi%20Triswoyo">Andi Triswoyo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The sacred has been a dominant influence in the human lives. International relations, as the mirror of the human relations in a whole, reflected such cases. Inter-state relations has been predominantly how the sacred played the main roles of. The relations between Indonesia and Palestine could be shot as the sacred-analyzed case of inter-state relations. The intimacy of them could be analyzed comfortably in IR normal perspective, such as realism, liberalism, and Marxism. Hopefully, Religion perspective would make better explanation how Indonesia-Palestine relations had so worth. This paper will use some narrative-explanatory stage to elaborate that cases. Moreover, the sacred can give such alternative analyses to interpret how international relations occurred in this time regard of the rise a new theory of International Relations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20sacred" title="the sacred">the sacred</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations" title=" international relations"> international relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title=" Indonesia"> Indonesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Palestine" title=" Palestine"> Palestine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37686/identifying-the-sacred-in-international-relations-a-religion-based-analysis-on-intimacy-between-indonesia-and-palestine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9205</span> Scientific Forecasting in International Relations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djehich%20%20Mohamed%20%20%20%20Yousri">Djehich Mohamed Yousri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research paper, the future of international relations is believed to have an important place on the theoretical and applied levels because policy makers in the world are in dire need of such analyzes that are useful in drawing up the foreign policies of their countries, and protecting their national security from potential future threats, and in this context, The topic raised a lot of scientific controversy and intellectual debate, especially in terms of the extent of the effectiveness, accuracy, and ability of foresight methods to identify potential futures, and this is what attributed the controversy to the scientific foundations for foreseeing international relations. An arena for intellectual discussion between different thinkers in international relations belonging to different theoretical schools, which confirms to us the conceptual and implied development of prediction in order to reach the scientific level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foresight" title="foresight">foresight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting" title=" forecasting"> forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations" title=" international relations"> international relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations%20theory" title=" international relations theory"> international relations theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concept%20of%20international%20relations" title=" concept of international relations"> concept of international relations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161708/scientific-forecasting-in-international-relations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9204</span> Contested Visions of Exploration in IR: Theoretical Engagements, Reflections and New Agendas on the Dynamics of Global Order</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ananya%20Sharma">Ananya Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> International Relations is a discipline of paradoxes. The State is the dominant political institution, with mainstream analysis theorizing the State, but theory remains at best a reactionary monolith. Critical Theorists have been pushing the envelope and to that extent, there has been a clear shift in the dominant discourse away from State-centrism to individuals and group-level behaviour. This paradigm shift has been accompanied with more nuanced conceptualizations of other variables at play–power, security, and trust, to name a few. Yet, the ambit of “what is discussed” remains primarily embedded in realist conceptualizations. With this background in mind, this paper will attempt to understand, juxtapose and evaluate how “order” has been conceptualized in International Relations theory. This paper is a tentative attempt to present a “state of the art” and in the process, set the stage for a deeper study to draw attention to what the author feels is a gaping lacuna in IR theory. The paper looks at how different branches of international relations theory envisage world order and the silences embedded therein. Further, by locating order and disorder inhabiting the same reality along a continuum, alternative readings of world orders are drawn from the critical theoretical traditions, in which various articulations of justice impart the key normative pillar to the world order. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20justice" title="global justice">global justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations%20theory" title=" international relations theory"> international relations theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legitimacy" title=" legitimacy"> legitimacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=world%20order" title=" world order"> world order</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31490/contested-visions-of-exploration-in-ir-theoretical-engagements-reflections-and-new-agendas-on-the-dynamics-of-global-order" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9203</span> Rethinking International Relations Theory through the Lens of Outside-in Logic of State-Building</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nana%20Kwasi%20Amoateng">Nana Kwasi Amoateng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper uses secondary information to investigate some longstanding limitations in International Relations (IR) theory. Specifically, the analysis highlights IR theory through the lens of J. C. Sharman’s brilliant concept of outside-in state-building logic in which some states, particularly those in Africa, have relied mainly on foreign resources to address local threats. The key findings are that IR theory has been largely understood from the perspective of an inside-out state-building logic, whereby Western and other advanced states have heavily relied on local resources to address foreign threats. In this vein, IR theorists, including Critical Theorists, have not been able to fully grasp African states and states elsewhere that have generally relied on an outside-in logic of state-building. The paper helps to fill a major gap in IR theory, which has mainly addressed criticisms of being Euro- or Western-centric or failing to include the unique experiences of states and other actors in the Global South by developing critical theories such as post-colonial theory and neo-colonialism. Although this has helped to understand some experiences of actors in the Global South, the fundamental difference between state-building in the West and the Global South, particularly Africa, has not been adequately explored to fully comprehend why, despite the works of Critical Theorists, IR theory still fails to capture many political and socioeconomic realities in Africa and elsewhere. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations%20theory" title="international relations theory">international relations theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outside-in%20state-building%20logic" title=" outside-in state-building logic"> outside-in state-building logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inside-out%20state-building%20logic" title=" inside-out state-building logic"> inside-out state-building logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africa" title=" Africa"> Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181454/rethinking-international-relations-theory-through-the-lens-of-outside-in-logic-of-state-building" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9202</span> Fundamentals of Theorizing Power in International Relations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djehich%20Mohamed%20Yousri">Djehich Mohamed Yousri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The field of political science is one of the sciences in which there is much controversy, in terms of the multiplicity of schools, trends, and goals. This overlap and complexity in the interpretation of the political phenomenon in political science has been linked to other disciplines associated with it, and the science of international relations and the huge amount of theories that have found a wide range and a decisive position after the national tide in the history of Western political thought, especially after the Westphalia Conference 1648, and as a result was approved The new foundations of international politics, the most important of which is respect for state sovereignty. Historical events continued and coincided with scientific, intellectual, and economic developments following the emergence of the industrial revolution, followed by the technological revolutions in all their contents, which led to the rooting and establishment of a comprehensive political system that is more complex and overlapping than it was in the past during the First and Second World Wars. The international situation has become dependent on the digital revolution and its aspirations in The comprehensive transformation witnessed by international political relations after the Cold War. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theorizing" title="theorizing">theorizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations" title=" international relations"> international relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approaches%20to%20international%20relations" title=" approaches to international relations"> approaches to international relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20science" title=" political science"> political science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20political%20system" title=" the political system"> the political system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161789/fundamentals-of-theorizing-power-in-international-relations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9201</span> The Islamic Perspective in International Relations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakam%20Junus">Hakam Junus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natassha%20Chrysanti"> Natassha Chrysanti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The international relations theory currently is dominated by the western theoretical perspectives. Although the western theories are often used by many scholars as the universal perspective to explain the phenomena that occur in the world, sometimes the existing theories are failed to explain various issues that occur in the non-western world, for example, in the studies concerning on terrorism issues. Using inappropriate theories to explain the international issues such as terrorism will cause a failure in the decision-making process. The lack of understanding regarding Islamic perspective could be one of the factors that make international society unable to eradicate violent terrorism in the name of religion. Thus, this paper is argued that considering Islamic perspective as one of the major studies in international relations is significant to build a bridge between the Islamic world and the western world. It is believed that enhancing the study of Islamic perspective will create better understanding of the Islamic world and will enrich the study of international relations. This paper is conducted through a qualitative approach, in which data is obtained from the literature analysis. Considering Islamic perspective is important because Islam is listed as one of the major religions in the world. It is also due to the geopolitical spread of the Muslim in the world and the likelihood of the Islamic perspective to shape and influence Muslim’s behavior in the international level. The study of Islamic perspective in the international level is neither to contempt nor to oppose the existing western theories; rather it is needed in order to broaden the perspective in the international relations studies. The Islamic perspective is different compared to the non-western school of thought such as realism, and liberalism in some respects. The Islamic perspective cannot be explained through the lens of rationalist approaches. Compares to the post-positivism international relations perspectives, Islamic perspective is probably closer to the constructivist school of thought. However, the Islamic perspective offers some uniqueness that is not limited to the socially constructed ideas as in the constructivist arguments. This paper will be developed according to the discussion of three aspects that make Islamic perspective different with the existing international relations theories. The first aspect is the main actors in the international level. The second aspect is regarding on what appears to be the most important point for the actors in the international relations. The third aspect is regarding the pattern of relationship between the actors in the international level. In addition, this paper will briefly discuss the perspective of Islam in economics compare to the existing theories in the realm of international political economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations" title="international relations">international relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islam" title=" Islam"> Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-western%20theories" title=" non-western theories"> non-western theories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=societies" title=" societies"> societies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34183/the-islamic-perspective-in-international-relations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9200</span> The Historical Framework of International Crime in International Criminal Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahraoui%20Boualem">Tahraoui Boualem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Researching the historical framework of international crime means examining the historical facts that have contributed to uncovering this serious crime affecting international interests, and the law by which the study of the subject of international crime is determined is international criminal law, which is a branch of public international law. In this context, the historical study of international crime means recognizing the existence of an international community governed by international law, which makes us acknowledge that ancient societies lacked such stable and recurring international relations. Therefore, an attempt to monitor international crime in those ancient societies is only to demonstrate a historical fact that those societies have known some features of this crime, and have contributed in one way or another to the development of international criminal law without defining its concept or legal nature. The international community has affirmed the principle of establishing peace, achieving security, and respecting human rights. As a basis for friendly relations between the people of the international community and in case of prejudice, such as the aggressors breaching the obligations imposed on them, whether in time of peace or war. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20framework" title="historical framework">historical framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=of%20international%20crime" title=" of international crime"> of international crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peace%20or%20war." title=" peace or war."> peace or war.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title=" international law"> international law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170984/the-historical-framework-of-international-crime-in-international-criminal-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9199</span> Creative Peace Diplomacy Model by the Perspective of Dialogue Management for International Relations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilgehan%20G%C3%BCltekin">Bilgehan Gültekin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuba%20G%C3%BCltekin"> Tuba Gültekin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Peace diplomacy is the most important international tool to keep peace all over the world. The study titled “peace diplomacy for international relations” is consist of three part. In the first part, peace diplomacy is going to be introduced as a tool of peace communication and peace management. And, in this part, peace communication will be explained by international communication perspective. In the second part of the study,public relations events and communication campaigns will be developed originally for peace diplomacy. In this part, it is aimed original public communication dialogue management tools for peace diplomacy. the aim of the final part of the study, is to produce original public communication model for international relations. The model includes peace modules, peace management projects, original dialogue procedures and protocols, dialogue education, dialogue management strategies, peace actors, communication models, peace team management and public diplomacy steps. The creative part of the study aims to develop a model used for international relations for all countries. Creative Peace Diplomacy Model will be developed in the case of Turkey-Turkey-France and Turkey-Greece relations. So, communication and public relations events and campaigns are going to be developed as original for only this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peace%20diplomacy" title="peace diplomacy">peace diplomacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20communication%20model" title=" public communication model"> public communication model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialogue%20management" title=" dialogue management"> dialogue management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations" title=" international relations"> international relations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15964/creative-peace-diplomacy-model-by-the-perspective-of-dialogue-management-for-international-relations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9198</span> Gendered Perspectives on the Understanding of the Politics and the Social Life</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canan%20Cetin">Canan Cetin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This essay analyses how gendered shaped views influence on our understanding of global politics. To do so, feminism used as a framework theory, thus masculinity is discussed in order to explain the male-dominated international relations (IR) discipline and the differences of reflections on our perspective considering the politics in a broader perspective. Particularly, it is highlighted that the social and cultural structures of societies have also an impact on our views about international relations and politics. From a different perspective, it is aimed that the sociological and cultural impression of the shifted gender perspectives on the political approach of different nations and societies will be examined by drawing on a range of sources. Instead of supporting one feminist theory, this essay engages with all traditions and enriches their arguments. Specifically, the main objective of the essay is hegemonic and plural masculinity on societies. The essay sets things up theoretically by looking at the nature of masculinity – the stage is set to show how this informs our understanding of IR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feminism" title="feminism">feminism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politics" title=" politics"> politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20affairs" title=" international affairs"> international affairs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20life" title=" social life"> social life</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81690/gendered-perspectives-on-the-understanding-of-the-politics-and-the-social-life" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81690.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9197</span> The State in Africa and the twenty-First Century Global Economic Relations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunday%20Ofum%20Ogon">Sunday Ofum Ogon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The 1648 Westphalia Conference in Europe ushered in the state as the only legal entity with powers to engage in interstate relations on matters that bothers on the development need of her citizens. This epochal entry of the state reshaped global relations with the curtailment of the powers of individual and groups in external relations as the state became the only entity that acted on behalf of any individual or non-state actors like NGOs residing within the parameters of such a country. Thus, the paper interrogated the extent at which the state determines her Politico-Economic relations with regards to development and growth within the state. To achieve these objectives, the paper relied on documentary evidences wherein the qualitative descriptive method was used for data collection and analysis. The paper exploited the facilities of the Rentier State theory as a guide to the study. It was revealed at the end of the study that the 21st century global economic relations is largely determine by international organizations as exemplified by the World Bank and the International Monitory Fund (IMF) where their activities in the continent has undermined state sovereignty. Hence the paper recommended amongst others that states should look inward for development strategies rather than relying on handout from supra-national organizations which has infringe on their sovereignty. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=State" title="State ">State </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Global" title=" Global "> Global </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rentier%20state" title=" Rentier state"> Rentier state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Twenty-First%20Century" title=" Twenty-First Century"> Twenty-First Century</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121845/the-state-in-africa-and-the-twenty-first-century-global-economic-relations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121845.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9196</span> Counter-Hegemonic Movements and Their Consequences at the International Level: Transposing Gramsci to the 21st Century </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanna%20Corsini">Hanna Corsini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article provides an analysis of counter-hegemonic movements and their consequences for the neoliberal world order at the international level. Even if calls for change are becoming louder, current research on populist forces at the domestic level in comparative politics is lacking an investigation of the international dimensions of the rise of such movements. At the same time, in the International Relations field, the focus still remains on the surge of challengers at the global level, while the national one stays neglected. This paper argues that to fill this gap as identified in the academic literature, the concept of hegemony, and more precisely, as deployed by Antonio Gramsci, can bear some interesting insights. An adaptation to the 21st century of Gramsci’s concept is proposed, highlighting the explanatory power that key concepts of his theoretical framework have. Transposing it to contemporary politics provides precious elements for an in-depth understanding of counter-hegemonic movements and the consequences of their rise for the neoliberal world order. In an era of disruption and turmoil in national politics, International Relations theory cannot avoid to engage with this dimension. However, populism as a theoretical concept lacks the capacity to go beyond the domestic border. It is therefore essential to create a dialogue between these two fields. Ultimately, the paper claims that (counter-)hegemony is crucial to build a bridge between the international and the domestic level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counter-hegemonic%20movements" title="counter-hegemonic movements">counter-hegemonic movements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gramsci" title=" Gramsci"> Gramsci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hegemony" title=" hegemony"> hegemony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations" title=" international relations"> international relations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122653/counter-hegemonic-movements-and-their-consequences-at-the-international-level-transposing-gramsci-to-the-21st-century" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122653.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9195</span> Federalism and Foreign Affairs: The International Relations of Mexican Sub-State Governments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20A.%20Schiavon">Jorge A. Schiavon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article analyzes the international relations of sub-State governments (IRSSG) in Mexico. It aims to answer five questions: 1) What explains the recent and dramatic increase in their international activities? 2) What is the impact of federalism on the foreign affairs of the federal units? 3) What are the levels or degrees of IRSSG and how have they changed over the last years? 4) How do Mexican federal units institutionalize their international activities? 5) What are the perceptions and capacities of the federal units in their internationalization process? The first section argues that the growth in the IRSSG is generated by growing interdependence and globalization in the international system, and democratization, decentralization and structural reform in the national arena. The second section sustains that the renewed Mexican federalism has generated the incentives for SSG to participate more intensively in international affairs. The third section defends that there is a wide variation in their degree of international participation, which is measured in three moments in time (2004 2009 and 2014), and explains how this activity has changed in the last decade. The fourth section studies the institutionalization of the IRSSG in Mexico through the analysis of Inter-Institutional Agreements (IIA). Finally, the last section concentrates in explaining the perceptions and capacities of Mexican sub-State governments to conduct international relations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=federalism" title="federalism">federalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20policy" title=" foreign policy"> foreign policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations%20of%20sub-state%20governments" title=" international relations of sub-state governments"> international relations of sub-state governments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paradiplomacy" title=" paradiplomacy"> paradiplomacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mexico" title=" Mexico"> Mexico</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84560/federalism-and-foreign-affairs-the-international-relations-of-mexican-sub-state-governments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9194</span> Multi-National Corporations and International Communication. An Analysis of Arçelik globals’ Online Presences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisha%20Iddrsiu">Aisha Iddrsiu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Public Relations (PR) has rapidly evolved around the world, just as companies have expanded to reach other parts of the world. With most multinational corporations conducting businesses in more than one country, only a few of these Multinational Corporations (MNC’s) are actual public relations firms, many have public relations departments or divisions that conduct public relations practices internationally. Hence international public relations is seen as a fast-growing specialty in the field of Public Relations. Multinational companies have devised strategies to effectively communicate and execute their roles within and between foreign publics and other cultures in which they operate through various means including the internet which is among the major inventions that have enabled corporations to establish their presents while targeting anonymous and diverse publics from varied cultures. International public relations practitioners rely on strategies coupled with internet use to communicate among and with foreign publics. Corporate websites and various social media handles have served as an important channel for public relations activities targeting both internal and international publics. In an incessant expansion of corporations and interactions with the publics from different cultures, it has become eminent to understand the public relation strategies used by MNCs in their international communication. This study therefore seeks to establish the international public relation strategies or models employed by Multinational Corporations specifically Arcelik Global in the management of its subsidiaries and communicating with international public. This study analyses both Arçelik global’s (one of the largest multinational companies in Turkey) website and social media accounts to understand the management strategy used with it subsidiary as well as strategies used to communicate with its global and local publics. Other underlying objective of this study are, 1. To examine the dominant international public relations models used by Multinational Corporations (Arcelik global). 2. To understand how Multinational Corporations manage (Arcelik global) its subsidiaries. 3. To understand how Multinational Corporations (Arcelik global) communicate with international or global publics. Research Questions 1. The main global PR strategies employed by multinational corporations (Arcelik global) 2. How subsidiaries of multinational corporations like Arcelik Global are managed. 3. How multinational corporations, like Arcelik worldwide, interact with international publics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20corporation" title="multinational corporation">multinational corporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnocentric%20model" title=" ethnocentric model"> ethnocentric model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycentric%20model" title=" polycentric model"> polycentric model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20public%20relations" title=" international public relations"> international public relations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169830/multi-national-corporations-and-international-communication-an-analysis-of-arcelik-globals-online-presences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9193</span> Korea and Japan Economic Relations: An Analysis through the World Trade Organization Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20S.%20Dutra">Caroline S. Dutra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatiana%20C.%20Squeff"> Tatiana C. Squeff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well known that the history between South Korea and Japan influences their international relations; thus, also encompassing their economic relations. In this sense, it is impossible to analyze the latter without understanding the development of the former, which is known for episodes of hostility, like on Japanese colonization, but also had moments of cultural and trade interexchange. Indeed, since 1965, with the establishment of diplomatic relations between both countries, their trade relations have improved, especially after both nations have signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Thereafter, with the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, another chapter of their diplomatic and economic relations have been inaugurated. Hence, bearing in mind this history between both nations, this research intends to examine their relations through the analysis of the WTO panels they have engaged in between each other, which are, in chronological order, “DS323: Japan – Import Quotas on Dried Laver and Seasoned Laver”, “DS336: Japan - Countervailing Duties on Dynamic Random Access Memories from Korea”, “DS495: Korea - Import Band, and Testing and Certification Requirements for Radionuclides”, “DS553: Korea - Sunset Review of Anti-Dumping Duties on Stainless Steel Bars” and “DS571: Korea - Measures Affecting Trade in Commercial Vessels”. The objective of this case analysis is to point out what are the areas that are more conflictual between Japan and South Korea in regard to their economic relations so that it is possible to assert on their future (economic) relations and other possible outcomes. And in order to do so, bibliographic and documental research will be made, particularly those involving the WTO and the nations under consideration. Regarding the methods used, it is important to highlight that this is applied research in the field of international economic relations and international law, which follows a hypothetic-deductive model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20economic%20relations" title="international economic relations">international economic relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japan" title=" Japan"> Japan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Korea" title=" South Korea"> South Korea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=World%20Trade%20Organization" title=" World Trade Organization"> World Trade Organization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114799/korea-and-japan-economic-relations-an-analysis-through-the-world-trade-organization-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9192</span> Functions of Public Policy in Private International Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fedorova%20Elena">Fedorova Elena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, we draw a distinction between two important functions of public policy in private international law. The first function is widely recognized and relates to the prevention of application of foreign laws and enforcement of foreign court judgments whenever their effects are incompatible with the domestic legal system of the forum. This effectively protects sovereign rights of the forum state as it allows to resist against the undesirable effects of foreign law-making and law-enforcement policies. The second function is less obvious, but not less important. As the internal private legal relationships, international private relationships are usually governed by rules of public policy, to which the parties can not derogate by mutual agreement. Thefore, for international private law relations public policy has a different function than previously mentioned: in this case, the public policy acts as a defense against unacceptable effects of the party autonomy. Thus, this second function of public policy consists in the limitation of the party autonomy wich effects would be unacceptable for the local legal system. In the frame of this second function the author will analyse two types of public policy which can limit the party autonomy: « substantial » public policy (which regulates the substance of international legal relationship) and « conflictual » public policy (which regulates the party autonomy to choose the law applicable for the substance of relationship). The author provides an analysis of these functions of the public policy in the field of international contract law because of the important role of the principle of party autonomy for international contract relations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20policy" title="public policy">public policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20theory%20of%20private%20international%20law" title=" general theory of private international law"> general theory of private international law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substantial%20public%20policy" title=" substantial public policy"> substantial public policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflictual%20public%20policy" title=" conflictual public policy"> conflictual public policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24109/functions-of-public-policy-in-private-international-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24109.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">573</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9191</span> Capital Punishment as a Contradiction to International Law and Indonesian Constitution </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar">Akbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pros and cons of the capital punishment in Indonesia have been out of the date. The discourse of capital punishment has no relevance to the theory of punishment and theories of cultural relativism. In fact, the provisions of exceptions to the right to life by administering the death penalty against the perpetrators of serious crimes in Indonesia is a narrow perspective that does not pay attention to the development of the punishment of the crime. This thing is aggravated by an error to understand the natural right and legal right where the prohibition of those rights is result from a failure to distinguish the characteristic of the rights and to remember the raison d’être of law. To parse the irrational above, this paper will try to analyze normatively the error referring to the complementary theory between the sources of international law and the sources of municipal law of Indonesia. Both sources of the law above should be understood in the mutually reinforcing relationship enforceability because of false perceptions against those will create the disintegration between international law and municipal law of Indonesia. This disintegration is explicit not only contrary to the integrative theory of international law but also integrative theory of municipal law of Indonesia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20punishment" title="capital punishment">capital punishment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20law" title=" municipal law"> municipal law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20to%20life" title=" right to life"> right to life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title=" international law"> international law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20raison%20d%E2%80%99%C3%AAtre%20of%20law" title=" the raison d’être of law"> the raison d’être of law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complementary%20theory" title=" complementary theory"> complementary theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrative%20theory" title=" integrative theory"> integrative theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60994/capital-punishment-as-a-contradiction-to-international-law-and-indonesian-constitution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9190</span> Logic of the Prospect Theory: The Decision Making Process of the First Gulf War and the Crimean Annexation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhengyang%20Ma">Zhengyang Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiyao%20Li"> Zhiyao Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiayi%20Zhang"> Jiayi Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article examines the prospect theory’s arguments about decision-making through two case studies, the First Gulf War and Russia’s annexation of Crimea. The article uses the methods of comparative case analysis and process tracing to investigate the prospect theory’s fundamental arguments. Through evidence derived from existing primary and secondary sources, this paper argues that both former U.S. President Bush and Russian President Putin viewed their situations as a domain of loss and made risky decisions to prevent further deterioration, which attests the arguments of the prospect theory. After the two case studies, this article also discusses how the prospect theory could be used in analyzing the decision-making process that led to the current Russia-Ukraine War. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20prospect%20theory" title="the prospect theory">the prospect theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations" title=" international relations"> international relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20first%20gulf%20war" title=" the first gulf war"> the first gulf war</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20crimea%20crisis" title=" the crimea crisis"> the crimea crisis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155416/logic-of-the-prospect-theory-the-decision-making-process-of-the-first-gulf-war-and-the-crimean-annexation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9189</span> Film Diplomacy: An Approach to International Relations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lawrence%20Akande">Lawrence Akande</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the efforts of African countries' governments and the foreign countries' governments, there are cautions between the people of Africa and the people of other countries. The cautions are based on the ideology of misconception, which comes from the narratives about Africa and African people and narratives about other people also. The film is a medium of educating people about people from foreign countries they have never been to. Negative or misconceived narratives about a people will affect the relations between the peoples, despite the efforts of the government. Using pop-culture medium of film as a diplomatic tool will promote mutual understanding and respect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20diplomacy" title="film diplomacy">film diplomacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations" title=" international relations"> international relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narratives" title=" narratives"> narratives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nollywood" title=" Nollywood"> Nollywood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partnership" title=" partnership"> partnership</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148829/film-diplomacy-an-approach-to-international-relations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148829.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9188</span> Dependency Theory on Examining the Relationship between the United States and the Middle East: In the Case of Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhafez%20Abdel%20Hafez">Abdelhafez Abdel Hafez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dependency theory was developed since 1950s, with economic concerns. It divided the world into two parts, the states of the peripheral (third world countries) and the states of the core (the developed capitalist countries). Another perspective developed to the theory with the implementation of the idea of semi-peripheral states in the new world order. With these divisions (core, peripheral, semi-peripheral) this study aims to develop a concept from the perspective of dependency theory, to understand the nature of the relationship of the U.S. with the Middle East Regions through its relation with Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. The tested countries (Saudi Arabia, Iran and Turkey) are seeking a foothold and influential role in the region. The paper argued that the U.S. directs its policies toward the region, in the way to guarantee no country of the region will be in semi-peripheral level (that could create competitions or danger on the U.S. interest). Therefore, U.S. policies in the region have varied from declaring war to diplomatic channels and sometimes ignoring. The paper is based on the dependency theory, and other international relations theories used to study the Middle East in the international context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dependency" title="dependency">dependency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hegemony" title=" hegemony"> hegemony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imperialism" title=" imperialism"> imperialism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20east" title=" middle east"> middle east</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127416/dependency-theory-on-examining-the-relationship-between-the-united-states-and-the-middle-east-in-the-case-of-iran-saudi-arabia-and-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9187</span> Presentation of International Military Intervention Correlates (IMIC) Database</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniil%20Chernov">Daniil Chernov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the modern world, the number of conventional interstate wars is declining while the number of military interventions is rising. States no longer initiate conflicts by declaring war but actively intervene in existing military confrontations, often using a comparable number of coercive means. According to existing scholarly understanding, the decision to use force in international relations (in any form) is influenced by roughly the same set of factors: the dynamics of domestic political processes, national interests, international law, and ethical considerations. In the database on armed intervention to be presented in the report, the multifactor model of decision-making is developed. The database describes more than 200 different parameters for armed interventions between 1992 and 2022. The report will present the structure of the database, descriptive statistics, and its key advantages over other sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict%20resolution" title="conflict resolution">conflict resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations" title=" international relations"> international relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=military%20intervention" title=" military intervention"> military intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=database" title=" database"> database</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188881/presentation-of-international-military-intervention-correlates-imic-database" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">34</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9186</span> Societal Impacts of Algorithmic Recommendation System: Economy, International Relations, Political Ideologies, and Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maggie%20Shen">Maggie Shen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ever since the late 20th century, business giants have been competing to provide better experiences for their users. One way they strive to do so is through more efficiently connecting users with their goals, with recommendation systems that filter out unnecessary or less relevant information. Today’s top online platforms such as Amazon, Netflix, Airbnb, Tiktok, Facebook, and Google all utilize algorithmic recommender systems for different purposes—Product recommendation, movie recommendation, travel recommendation, relationship recommendation, etc. However, while bringing unprecedented convenience and efficiency, the prevalence of algorithmic recommendation systems also influences society in many ways. In using a variety of primary, secondary, and social media sources, this paper explores the impacts of algorithms, particularly algorithmic recommender systems, on different sectors of society. Four fields of interest will be specifically addressed in this paper: economy, international relations, political ideologies, and education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithms" title="algorithms">algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economy" title=" economy"> economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations" title=" international relations"> international relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20ideologies" title=" political ideologies"> political ideologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143723/societal-impacts-of-algorithmic-recommendation-system-economy-international-relations-political-ideologies-and-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9185</span> Turkey-Syria Relations between 2002-2011 from the Perspective of Social Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didem%20Aslanta%C5%9F">Didem Aslantaş</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the reforms carried out by the Justice and Development Party, which came to power in 2002, and how the foreign policy understanding it transformed reflected on the relations with Syria will be analyzed from the social constructivist theory. Contrary to the increasing security concerns of the states after the September 11 attacks, the main problem of the research is how the relations between Syria and Turkey developed and how they progressed in non-security dimensions. In order to find an answer to this question, the basic assumptions of the constructivist theory will be used. Since there is a limited number of studies in the literature, a comparative analysis of the Adana Consensus and the Cooperation Agreement between the Republic of Turkey and the Syrian Arab Republic, and the Joint Cooperation Agreement Against Terrorism and Terrorist Organizations will be included. In order to answer the main problem of the research and to support the arguments, document and archive scanning methods from qualitative research methods will be used. In the first part of the study, what the social constructivist theory is and its basic assumptions are explained, while in the second part, Turkey-Syria relations between 2002-2011 are included. In the third and last part, the relations between the two countries will be tried to be read through social constructivism by referring to the foreign policy features of the Ak Party period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Social%20Constructivist%20Theory" title="Social Constructivist Theory">Social Constructivist Theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20policy%20analysis" title=" foreign policy analysis"> foreign policy analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justice%20and%20Development%20Party" title=" Justice and Development Party"> Justice and Development Party</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syria" title=" Syria"> Syria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160675/turkey-syria-relations-between-2002-2011-from-the-perspective-of-social-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9184</span> Umkhonto Wesizwe as the Foundation of Post-Apartheid South Africa’s Foreign Policy and International Relations.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bheki%20R.%20Mngomezulu">Bheki R. Mngomezulu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper cogently and systematically traces the history of Umkhonto Wesizwe (MK) and identifies its important role in shaping South Africa’s post-apartheid foreign policy and international relations under black leadership. It provides the political and historical contexts within which we can interpret and better understand South Africa’s controversial ‘Quiet Diplomacy’ approach to Zimbabwe’s endemic political and economic crises, which have dragged for too long. On 16 December 1961, the African National Congress (ANC) officially launched the MK as its military wing. The main aim was to train liberation fighters outside South Africa who would return into the country to topple the apartheid regime. Subsequently, the ANC established links with various countries across Africa and the globe in order to solicit arms, financial resources and military training for its recruits into the MK. Drawing from archival research and empirical data obtained through oral interviews that were conducted with some of the former MK cadres, this paper demonstrates how the ANC forged relations with a number of countries that were like-minded in order to ensure that its dream of removing the apartheid government became a reality. The findings reveal that South Africa’s foreign policy posture and international relations after the demise of apartheid in 1994 built on these relations. As such, even former and current socialist countries that were frowned upon by the Western world became post-apartheid South Africa’s international partners. These include countries such as Cuba and China, among others. Even countries that were not recognized by the Western world as independent states received good reception in post-apartheid South Africa’s foreign policy agenda. One of these countries is Palestine. Within Africa, countries with questionable human rights records such as Nigeria and Zimbabwe were accommodated in South Africa’s foreign policy agenda after 1994. Drawing from this history, the paper concludes that it would be difficult to fully understand and appreciate South Africa’s foreign policy direction and international relations after 1994 without bringing the history and the politics of the MK into the equation. Therefore, the paper proposes that the utilitarian role of history should never be undermined in the analysis of a country’s foreign policy direction and international relations. Umkhonto Wesizwe and South Africa are used as examples to demonstrate how such a link could be drawn through archival and empirical evidence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20National%20Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apartheid" title=" apartheid"> apartheid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20policy" title=" foreign policy"> foreign policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations" title=" international relations"> international relations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106876/umkhonto-wesizwe-as-the-foundation-of-post-apartheid-south-africas-foreign-policy-and-international-relations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106876.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9183</span> The Relations Between Hans Kelsen’s Concept of Law and the Theory of Democracy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monika%20Zalewska">Monika Zalewska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hans Kelsen was a versatile legal thinker whose achievements in the fields of legal theory, international law, and the theory of democracy are remarkable. All of the fields tackled by Kelsen are regarded as part of his “pure theory of law.” While the link between international law and Kelsen’s pure theory of law is apparent, the same cannot be said about the link between the theory of democracy and his pure theory of law. On the contrary, the general thinking concerning Kelsen’s thought is that it can be used to legitimize authoritarian regimes. The aim of this presentation is to address this concern by identifying the common ground between Kelsen’s pure theory of law and his theory of democracy and to show that they are compatible in a way that his pure theory of law and authoritarianism cannot be. The conceptual analysis of the purity of Kelsen’s theory and his goal of creating ideology-free legal science hints at how Kelsen’s pure theory of law and the theory of democracy are brought together. The presentation will first demonstrate that these two conceptions have common underlying values and meta-ethical convictions. Both are founded on relativism and a rational worldview, and the aim of both is peaceful co-existence. Second, it will be demonstrated that the separation of law and morality provides the maximum space for deliberation within democratic processes. The conclusion of this analysis is that striking similarities exist between Kelsen’s legal theory and his theory of democracy. These similarities are grounded in the Enlightenment tradition and its values, including rationality, a scientific worldview, tolerance, and equality. This observation supports the claim that, for Kelsen, legal positivism and the theory of democracy are not two separate theories but rather stem from the same set of values and from Kelsen’s relativistic worldview. Furthermore, three main issues determine Kelsen’s orientation toward a positivistic and democratic outlook. The first, which is associated with personality type, is the distinction between absolutism and relativism. The second, which is associated with the values that Kelsen favors in the social order, is peace. The third is legality, which creates the necessary condition for democracy to thrive and reveals that democracy is capable of fulfilling Kelsen’s ideal of law at its fullest. The first two categories exist in the background of Kelsen’s pure theory of law, while the latter is an inherent part of Kelsen’s concept of law. The analysis of the text concerning natural law doctrine and democracy indicates that behind the technical language of Kelsen’s pure theory of law is a strong concern with the trends that appeared after World War I. Despite his rigorous scientific mind, Kelsen was deeply humanistic. He tried to create a powerful intellectual weapon to provide strong arguments for peaceful coexistence and a rational outlook in Europe. The analysis provided by this presentation facilitates a broad theoretical, philosophical, and political understanding of Kelsen’s perspectives and, consequently, urges a strong endorsement of Kelsen’s approach to constitutional democracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hans%20kelsen" title="hans kelsen">hans kelsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title=" democracy"> democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20positivism" title=" legal positivism"> legal positivism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pure%20theory%20of%20law" title=" pure theory of law"> pure theory of law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152723/the-relations-between-hans-kelsens-concept-of-law-and-the-theory-of-democracy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9182</span> Partner Selection in International Strategic Alliances: The Case of the Information Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Nakamura">H. Nakamura </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study analyzes international strategic alliances in the information industry. The purpose of this study is to clarify the strategic intention of an international alliance. Secondly, it investigates the influence of differences in the target markets of partner companies on alliances. Using an international strategy theory approach to analyze the global strategies of global companies, the study compares a database business and an electronic publishing business. In particular, these cases emphasized factors attributable to "people" and "learning", reliability and communication between organizations and the evolution of the IT infrastructure. The theory evolved in this study validates the effectiveness of these strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=database%20business" title="database business">database business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20library" title=" electronic library"> electronic library</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20strategic%20alliances" title=" international strategic alliances"> international strategic alliances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partner%20selection" title=" partner selection"> partner selection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72933/partner-selection-in-international-strategic-alliances-the-case-of-the-information-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72933.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9181</span> The Role of Trust in International Relations– Examining India’s Gujaral Doctrine and South Asian Politics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhavana%20Mahajan">Bhavana Mahajan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> International Relations is a discipline of paradoxes. The State is the dominant political institution, yet little attention has been accorded to why individual countries behave the way they do with the theoretical analysis dismissing the State as a reactionary monolith – thus States either play to “quest for power” or to “systemic” forces. However, States do behave as and are influenced by agents when interacting with international structures as well as with other states. While questions on “competitive power politics” and “trust” have been examined and developed to a fair extent by International Relations theorists in the post 1990s period, their application to the domain of South Asian politics is limited and little research, if any, examines the conduct of foreign policy beyond rational choice. This paper is an initial attempt to marry these theoretical insights with the foreign policy exercised by India especially the case of the “Gujral Doctrine, as one of “non-reciprocal accommodation”. Ignoring the view that such a policy move can be viewed as political “feinting” or deception, it is noteworthy that India even made the first move in terms of defining its role as one who “trusts” rather than one who “seeks” to trust, given the country’s geo-strategic context and threat perceptions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India%E2%80%99s%20foreign%20policy" title="India’s foreign policy">India’s foreign policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Asia" title=" South Asia"> South Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20constructivism" title=" social constructivism"> social constructivism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20school" title=" English school"> English school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trusting%20relationships" title=" trusting relationships"> trusting relationships</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gujral%20Doctrine" title=" Gujral Doctrine"> Gujral Doctrine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rationality" title=" rationality"> rationality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24348/the-role-of-trust-in-international-relations-examining-indias-gujaral-doctrine-and-south-asian-politics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9180</span> Heilong-Amur River: From Disputed Border to Brigde of Cooperation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Wang">Wan Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xing%20Li"> Xing Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the international river playing an increasingly important role in international relations, the border river between China and Russia has attracted more attention. During the history of Sino-Russian relations, Heilong-Amur River used to be a disputed border. The Sino-Russian transboundary water cooperation regarding the Heilong-Amur River started in 1950s and has obtained rapid improvement. In the 21st century, this cooperation has made substantial progress, which is worthy of a further study. However, this cooperation is facing with obstacles in aspects of economy, policy, implementation and mutual understandings. Under this circumstance, from the perspective of China, it is of necessity to realize these problems and take appropriate measures to promote the cooperation. The current Sino-Russian relations is conducive to transboundary water resources cooperation regarding the Heilong-Amur River and some measures adopted by China are already ongoing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperation" title=" cooperation"> cooperation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heilong-Amur%20River" title=" Heilong-Amur River"> Heilong-Amur River</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russia" title=" Russia"> Russia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55387/heilong-amur-river-from-disputed-border-to-brigde-of-cooperation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9179</span> Formation of an Empire in the 21st Century: Theoretical Approach in International Relations and a Worldview of the New World Order</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rami%20Georg%20Johann">Rami Georg Johann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Against the background of the current geopolitical constellations, the author looks at various empire models, which are discussed and compared with each other with regard to their stability and functioning. The focus is on the fifth concept as a possible new world order in the 21st century. These will be discussed and compared to one another according to their stability and functioning. All empires to be designed will be conceptualised based on one, two, three, four, and five worlds. All worlds are made up of a different constellation of states and relating coalitions. All systems will be discussed in detail. The one-world-system, the“Western Empire,” will be presented as a possible solution to a new world order in the 21st century (fifth concept). The term “Western” in “Western Empire” describes the Western concept after World War II. This Western concept was the result of two horrible world wars in the 20th century.” With this in mind, the fifth concept forms a stable empire system, the “Western Empire,” by political measures tied to two issues. Thus, this world order provides a significantly higher long-term stability in contrast to all other empire models (comprising five, four, three, or two worlds). Confrontations and threats of war are reduced to a minimum. The two issues mentioned are “merger” and “competition.” These are the main differences in forming an empire compared to all empires and realms in the history of mankind. The fifth concept of this theory, the “Western Empire,” acts explicitly as a counter model. The Western Empire (fifth concept) is formed by the merger of world powers without war. Thus, a world order without competition is created. This merged entity secures long-term peace, stability, democratic values, freedom, human rights, equality, and justice in the new world order. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empire%20formation" title="empire formation">empire formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theory%20of%20international%20relations" title=" theory of international relations"> theory of international relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Western%20Empire" title=" Western Empire"> Western Empire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=world%20order" title=" world order"> world order</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143742/formation-of-an-empire-in-the-21st-century-theoretical-approach-in-international-relations-and-a-worldview-of-the-new-world-order" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9178</span> Soft Power in International Politics: Defense and Continued Relevance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivani%20Yadav">Shivani Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper will first elaborate on the concept of soft power as formulated by Joseph Nye, who argues that soft power is as important as hard power in international politics as it replaces coercion with non-coercive forms of co-optation and attraction. The central tenet of the paper is to extrapolate the continued relevance of soft power in international relations in the 21st century. It is argued that the relevance of soft power, in concurrence with hard power, is on the rise in the international system. This is found to be emanating out of two factors. First, the state-centric practice of international relations has expanded to allow other actors to participate in policymaking. This has led to the resources for power generation to become varied, largely move away from the control of governments, and to produce both hard and soft power attributes. Second, as the currency of coercive power seems to be devaluing in global politics, the role of intangible factors like soft power is getting more important in policymaking. The paper will then go on to elaborate on the critiques of the formulation of soft power from various perspectives, as well as the defenses to these critiques presented by soft power proponents. The paper will reflect on the continued relevance of soft power in international politics by giving the example of India, and how soft power has continued to serve its policy objectives over the years. It is observed that even as India is recognized as a rising superpower today, yet it has made a continuous effort in cultivating its soft power resources, which have proven to be its assets in furthering its foreign policy interests. In conclusion, the paper makes the point that soft power, in conjunction with hard power, will shape international politics in the coming times. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20policy" title="foreign policy">foreign policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India%E2%80%99s%20soft%20power" title=" India’s soft power"> India’s soft power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20politics" title=" international politics"> international politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20power" title=" smart power"> smart power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20power" title=" soft power"> soft power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126997/soft-power-in-international-politics-defense-and-continued-relevance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126997.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9177</span> Rescaling Global Health and International Relations: Globalization of Health in a Low Security Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Argurio">F. Argurio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20G.%20Vaccaro"> F. G. Vaccaro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a global environment defined by ever-increasing health issues, in spite of the progress made by modern medicine, this paper seeks to readdress the question of global health in an international relations perspective. The research hypothesis is: the lower the security environment, the higher the spread of communicable diseases. This question will be channeled by re-scaling the connotation of 'global' and 'international' dimension through the theoretical lens of glocalization, a theory by Bauman that starts its analysis from simple systems to get to the most complex ones. Glocalization theory will be operationalized by analyzing health in an armed-conflict context. In this respect, the independent variable 'low security environment' translates into the cases of Syria and Yemen, which provide a clear example of the all-encompassing nature of conflict on national health and the effects on regional development. In fact, Syria and Yemen have been affected by poliomyelitis and cholera outbreaks respectively. The dependent variable will be constructed on said communicable diseases which belong to the families of sanitation-related and vaccine-preventable diseases. The research will be both qualitative and quantitative, based on primary (interviews) and secondary (WHO and other NGO’s reports) sources. The methodology is based on the assessment of the vaccine coverage and case-analysis in time and space using epidemiological data. Moreover, local health facilities’ functioning and efficiency will be studied. The article posits that the intervention and cooperation of international organizations with the local authorities becomes crucial to provide the local populations with their primary health needs. In Yemen, the majority of fatal cholera cases were in the regions controlled by the Houthi rebels, not officially accredited by the International Community. Similarly, the polio outbreak in Syria primarily affected the areas not controlled by the Syrian Arab Republic forces, recognized as the leading interlocutor by the WHO. The jeopardized possibilities to access these countries have been pivotal to the determining the problem in controlling sanitation-related and vaccine preventable diseases. This represents a potential threat to global health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20in%20conflict-affected%20areas" title="health in conflict-affected areas">health in conflict-affected areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholera" title=" cholera"> cholera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polio" title=" polio"> polio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yemen" title=" Yemen"> Yemen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syria" title=" Syria"> Syria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glocalization" title=" glocalization"> glocalization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90398/rescaling-global-health-and-international-relations-globalization-of-health-in-a-low-security-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations%20theory&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations%20theory&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations%20theory&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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