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<li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Consumer" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Consumer" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Economics and marketing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics_and_marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Law and politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Consumer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbruiker" title="Verbruiker – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verbruiker" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%84%D9%83" title="مستهلك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مستهلك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stehlak%C3%A7%C4%B1" title="İstehlakçı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İstehlakçı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="ভোক্তা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভোক্তা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siau-h%C3%B9i-chi%C3%A1" title="Siau-hùi-chiá – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siau-hùi-chiá" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsumidor" title="Konsumidor – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Konsumidor" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Потребител – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Потребител" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumidor" title="Consumidor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Consumidor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spot%C5%99ebitel" title="Spotřebitel – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Spotřebitel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbruger" title="Forbruger – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forbruger" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbraucher" title="Verbraucher – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verbraucher" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarbija" title="Tarbija – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tarbija" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82_(%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Καταναλωτής (οικονομία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καταναλωτής (οικονομία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumidor" title="Consumidor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Consumidor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsumanto" title="Konsumanto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konsumanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontsumitzaile" title="Kontsumitzaile – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kontsumitzaile" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87" title="مصرف‌کننده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مصرف‌کننده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consommateur" title="Consommateur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Consommateur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%B9%84%EC%9E%90" title="소비자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소비자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B2" title="Սպառող – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սպառող" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="उपभोक्ता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उपभोक्ता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potro%C5%A1a%C4%8D" title="Potrošač – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Potrošač" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer" title="Consumer – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Consumer" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsumen" title="Konsumen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konsumen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumitor" title="Consumitor – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Consumitor" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumatore" title="Consumatore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Consumatore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%9F" title="צרכן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צרכן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsum%C3%A8n" title="Konsumèn – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Konsumèn" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Тұтынушылар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тұтынушылар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%A9%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF" title="Керектөөчү – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Керектөөчү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat%C4%93r%C4%93t%C4%81js" title="Patērētājs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Patērētājs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vartotojas" title="Vartotojas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vartotojas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Потрошувач – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Потрошувач" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="ഉപഭോക്താവ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉപഭോക്താവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%95" title="ग्राहक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्राहक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengguna" title="Pengguna – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengguna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consument" title="Consument – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Consument" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="उपभोक्ता – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उपभोक्ता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E8%80%85" title="消費者 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="消費者" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbruker" title="Forbruker – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Forbruker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbrukar" title="Forbrukar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Forbrukar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਉਪਭੋਗਤਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉਪਭੋਗਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsument_(ekonomia)" title="Konsument (ekonomia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Konsument (ekonomia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumidor" title="Consumidor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Consumidor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Потребитель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Потребитель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer" title="Consumer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Consumer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotrebite%C4%BE" title="Spotrebiteľ – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Spotrebiteľ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%86%D8%B1" title="بەرخۆر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەرخۆر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Потрошач – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Потрошач" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potro%C5%A1a%C4%8D" title="Potrošač – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Potrošač" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamimili" title="Mamimili – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mamimili" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="நுகர்வோர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நுகர்வோர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="వినియోగదారుడు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వినియోగదారుడు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%84" title="ผู้บริโภค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ผู้บริโภค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Масрафкунанда – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Масрафкунанда" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCketici" title="Tüketici – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tüketici" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Споживач – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Споживач" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81" title="صارف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صارف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumadore" title="Consumadore – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Users or consumers of products or services</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about consumers in social systems. For consumers in biology, see <a href="/wiki/Consumer_(food_chain)" title="Consumer (food chain)">Consumer (food chain)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Consumer_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Consumer (disambiguation)">Consumer (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Kodak_Salesman_(1919)_(14597240757).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/The_Kodak_Salesman_%281919%29_%2814597240757%29.jpg/220px-The_Kodak_Salesman_%281919%29_%2814597240757%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/The_Kodak_Salesman_%281919%29_%2814597240757%29.jpg/330px-The_Kodak_Salesman_%281919%29_%2814597240757%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/The_Kodak_Salesman_%281919%29_%2814597240757%29.jpg/440px-The_Kodak_Salesman_%281919%29_%2814597240757%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="3379" /></a><figcaption>Consumer</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>consumer</b> is a person or a group who intends to order, or use purchased <a href="/wiki/Goods" title="Goods">goods</a>, products, or <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">services</a> primarily for personal, <a href="/wiki/Social" title="Social">social</a>, family, household and similar needs, who is not directly related to entrepreneurial or business activities. The term most commonly refers to a person who purchases goods and services for personal use. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rights">Rights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Consumers, by definition, include us all", said President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, offering his definition to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> on March 15, 1962. This speech became the basis for the creation of World Consumer Rights Day, now celebrated on March 15. In his speech, John Fitzgerald Kennedy outlined the integral responsibility to consumers from their respective governments to help exercise consumers' rights, including:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The right to safety: To be protected against the marketing of goods that are hazardous to health or life.</li></ul> <ul><li>The right to be informed: To be protected against fraudulent, deceitful, or grossly misleading information, advertising, labeling, or other practices, and to be given the facts he needs to make an informed choice.</li></ul> <ul><li>The right to choose: To be assured, wherever possible, access to a variety of products and services at competitive prices; and in those industries in which competition is not workable and Government regulation is substituted, an assurance of satisfactory quality and service at fair prices.</li></ul> <ul><li>The right to seek redressal: Consumers have the right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices and exploitation. If any damage is done to a consumer, he has the right to get compensation depending on the degree of damage.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>The right to represent: Thus, the Act has enabled us as consumers to have the right to represent in the consumer courts.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economics_and_marketing">Economics and marketing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Economics and marketing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an <a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">economy</a>, a consumer buys goods or services primarily for <a href="/wiki/Consumption_(economics)" title="Consumption (economics)"> consumption</a> and not for resale or for <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce"> commercial</a> purposes. Consumers pay some amount of money (or equivalent) for goods or services.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) then consume (use up). As such, consumers play a vital role in the <a href="/wiki/Economic_system" title="Economic system">economic system</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalist</a> system<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and form a fundamental part of any economy.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Without consumer <a href="/wiki/Demand" title="Demand">demand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Production_(economics)" title="Production (economics)">producers</a> would lack one of the key motivations to produce: <a href="/wiki/Sales" title="Sales">to sell</a> to consumers. The consumer also forms one end of the chain of <a href="/wiki/Distribution_(marketing)" title="Distribution (marketing)">distribution</a>. </p><p>Recently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> in <a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">marketing</a>, instead of marketers generating broad <a href="/wiki/Demographic_profile" title="Demographic profile"> demographic profiles</a> and Fisio-graphic profiles of <a href="/wiki/Market_segmentation" title="Market segmentation">market segments</a>, marketers have started to engage in <a href="/wiki/Personalized_marketing" title="Personalized marketing">personalized marketing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Permission_marketing" title="Permission marketing">permission marketing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mass_customization" title="Mass customization">mass customization</a> to target potential consumers.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Largely due to the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>, consumers are shifting more and more<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="This term requires quantification. (October 2021)">quantify</span></a></i>]</sup> toward becoming <a href="/wiki/Prosumer" title="Prosumer">prosumers</a>, consumers who are also producers (often of information and media on the <a href="/wiki/Social_web" title="Social web">social web</a>) - they influence the products created (e.g. by customization, <a href="/wiki/Crowdfunding" title="Crowdfunding">crowdfunding</a> or publishing their preferences), actively participate in the <a href="/wiki/Production_(economics)" title="Production (economics)"> production process</a>, or use <a href="/wiki/Interactive_products" class="mw-redirect" title="Interactive products">interactive products</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law_and_politics">Law and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Law and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The law primarily uses a notion of the consumer in relation to <a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">consumer protection</a> laws, and the definition of consumer is often restricted to living persons (not corporations or businesses) and excludes commercial users.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A typical legal rationale for protecting the consumer is based on the notion of policing <a href="/wiki/Market_failure" title="Market failure">market failures</a> and inefficiencies, such as inequalities of bargaining power between a consumer and a business.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As all potential voters are also consumers, consumer protection has a clear political significance. </p><p>Concern over the interests of consumers has spawned <a href="/wiki/Consumer_activism" title="Consumer activism">consumer activism</a>, where organized activists do research, education and advocacy to improve the offer of products and services.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Consumer_education" title="Consumer education">Consumer education</a> has been incorporated into some school curricula.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also various non-profit publications, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Which%3F" title="Which?">Which?</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Reports" title="Consumer Reports">Consumer Reports</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Choice_(Australian_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Choice (Australian magazine)">Choice magazine</a></i>, dedicated to assist in consumer education and decision making. </p><p>In India, <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Protection_Act,_1986" title="Consumer Protection Act, 1986">the Consumer Protection Act of 1986</a> differentiates the consumption of a commodity or service for personal use or to earn a livelihood. Only consumers are protected per this act and any person, entity or organization purchasing a commodity for commercial reasons are exempted from any benefits of this act.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_consumer" title="Alpha consumer">Alpha consumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customer" title="Customer">Customer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_behaviour" title="Consumer behaviour">Consumer behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_debt" title="Consumer debt">Consumer debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_leverage_ratio" title="Consumer leverage ratio">Consumer leverage ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_organization" title="Consumer organization">Consumer organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_reporting_agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer reporting agency">Consumer reporting agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_choice" title="Consumer choice">Consumer choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_culture" title="Consumer culture">Consumer culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_culture_theory" title="Consumer culture theory">Consumer culture theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumption" class="mw-disambig" title="Consumption">Consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumers%27_co-operative" title="Consumers' co-operative">Consumers' co-operative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumption_(economics)" title="Consumption (economics)">Consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informed_consumer" title="Informed consumer">Informed consumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer rights">Consumer rights</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/JFKPOF/037/JFKPOF-037-028">"Special message to Congress on protecting consumer interest, 15 March 1962"</a>. John F Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+message+to+Congress+on+protecting+consumer+interest%2C+15+March+1962&rft.pub=John+F+Kennedy+Presidential+Library+and+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jfklibrary.org%2Fasset-viewer%2Farchives%2FJFKPOF%2F037%2FJFKPOF-037-028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NCERT</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NCERT</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchor2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Juliet_Schor" title="Juliet Schor">Schor, Juliet B.</a> (19 August 2014). <i><a href="/wiki/Born_to_Buy:_The_Commercialized_Child_and_the_New_Consumer_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Born to Buy: The Commercialized Child and the New Consumer Culture">Born to Buy: The Commercialized Child and the New Consumer Culture</a></i>. Simon and Schuster (published 2014). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439130902" title="Special:BookSources/9781439130902"><bdi>9781439130902</bdi></a>. <q>Kids and teens are now the epicenter of American consumer culture.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Born+to+Buy%3A+The+Commercialized+Child+and+the+New+Consumer+Culture&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2014-08-19&rft.isbn=9781439130902&rft.aulast=Schor&rft.aufirst=Juliet+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Henderson" title="Fred Henderson">Henderson, Fred</a> (5 December 2014) [1936]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U0i2BQAAQBAJ"><i>Capitalism and the Consumer</i></a>. Routledge Library Editions: Consumer Behaviour. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge (published 2014). p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317565109" title="Special:BookSources/9781317565109"><bdi>9781317565109</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2021</span>. <q>[...] the completion of the producing process by the use and consumption which carries the goods-production into human life itself [...].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Capitalism+and+the+Consumer&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxfordshire&rft.series=Routledge+Library+Editions%3A+Consumer+Behaviour&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-12-05&rft.isbn=9781317565109&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU0i2BQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Consumers play a pivotal part in economics, which Krugman and Wells define as the study of production, distribution and consumption. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrugmanWells2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman, Paul</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robin_Wells" title="Robin Wells">Wells, Robin</a> (29 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jl18kgEACAAJ"><i>Economics</i></a> (3 ed.). Worth Publishers (published 2012). p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781464128738" title="Special:BookSources/9781464128738"><bdi>9781464128738</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economics&rft.pages=2&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Worth+Publishers&rft.date=2022-05-29&rft.isbn=9781464128738&rft.aulast=Krugman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Wells%2C+Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Djl18kgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note for example <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Chayanov" title="Alexander Chayanov">Alexander Chayanov</a>'s analysis of peasant economies, and compare <a href="/wiki/Consumer_goods_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Consumer goods in the Soviet Union">consumer goods in the Soviet Union</a>. At a fundamental level, economic agents (individuals, groups and states) work/hunt/gather/trade so that they and their dependants can eat.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrenNeuburger2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Bren" title="Paulina Bren">Bren, Paulina</a>; Neuburger, Mary, eds. (8 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HjxpAgAAQBAJ"><i>Communism Unwrapped: Consumption in Cold War Eastern Europe</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press (published 2012). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199827664" title="Special:BookSources/9780199827664"><bdi>9780199827664</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Communism+Unwrapped%3A+Consumption+in+Cold+War+Eastern+Europe&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-08-08&rft.isbn=9780199827664&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHjxpAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCross1997" class="citation book cs1">Cross, Robert G. (1997). <i>Revenue management: hard-core tactics for market domination</i>. Broadway Books. pp. 66–71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-06734-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-06734-7"><bdi>978-0-553-06734-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revenue+management%3A+hard-core+tactics+for+market+domination&rft.pages=66-71&rft.pub=Broadway+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-553-06734-7&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunelius2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Gunelius, Susan (3 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/work-in-progress/2010/07/03/the-shift-from-consumers-to-prosumers/">"The Shift from Consumers to PROsumers"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+Shift+from+Consumers+to+PROsumers&rft.date=2010-07-03&rft.aulast=Gunelius&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fwork-in-progress%2F2010%2F07%2F03%2Fthe-shift-from-consumers-to-prosumers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScammell" class="citation web cs1">Scammell, Margaret. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://depts.washington.edu/gcp/pdf/citizenconsumers.pdf">"Citizen Consumers: towards a new marketing of politics?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030823102948/http://depts.washington.edu/gcp/pdf/citizenconsumers.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2003-08-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Citizen+Consumers%3A+towards+a+new+marketing+of+politics%3F&rft.pages=6&rft.aulast=Scammell&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdepts.washington.edu%2Fgcp%2Fpdf%2Fcitizenconsumers.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlättel-MinkHellmann2009" class="citation book cs1">Blättel-Mink, Birgit; Hellmann, Kai-Uwe (27 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P5j_MTL7AZQC&pg=PA73"><i>Prosumer Revisited</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783531169354" title="Special:BookSources/9783531169354"><bdi>9783531169354</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prosumer+Revisited&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2009-10-27&rft.isbn=9783531169354&rft.aulast=Bl%C3%A4ttel-Mink&rft.aufirst=Birgit&rft.au=Hellmann%2C+Kai-Uwe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP5j_MTL7AZQC%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatton-Hulce1995" class="citation book cs1">Patton-Hulce, Vicki R. (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/environmentlaw00patt"><i>Environment and the Law: A Dictionary</i></a></span>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87436-749-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87436-749-2"><bdi>0-87436-749-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Environment+and+the+Law%3A+A+Dictionary&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-87436-749-2&rft.aulast=Patton-Hulce&rft.aufirst=Vicki+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenvironmentlaw00patt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070302211417/http://law.vanderbilt.edu/journals/journal/35-01/overby.htm">"An Institutional Analysis of Consumer Law"</a>. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.vanderbilt.edu/journals/journal/35-01/overby.htm">the original</a> on March 2, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Institutional+Analysis+of+Consumer+Law&rft.pub=Vanderbilt+Journal+of+Transnational+Law&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw.vanderbilt.edu%2Fjournals%2Fjournal%2F35-01%2Foverby.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyer1980" class="citation journal cs1">Royer, L. Gayle (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407063844if_/https://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/9231/volumes/v07/NA-07">"The Value of Consumer Education in Increasing Effective Consumer Performance: Theory and Research"</a>. <i>Advances in Consumer Research</i>. <b>7</b>: 203–206. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/9231/volumes/v07/NA-07">the original</a> on April 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Consumer+Research&rft.atitle=The+Value+of+Consumer+Education+in+Increasing+Effective+Consumer+Performance%3A+Theory+and+Research&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=203-206&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Royer&rft.aufirst=L.+Gayle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acrwebsite.org%2Fvolumes%2F9231%2Fvolumes%2Fv07%2FNA-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100406020320/http://www.consumerdaddy.com/a-23-consumer-customer.htm">"Consumer vs Customer"</a>. Consumerdaddy.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consumerdaddy.com/a-23-consumer-customer.htm">the original</a> on 2010-04-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-03-10</span></span>. <q>The consumer protection act 1986 of India, is a little more generous with the word 'Consumer'. According to this law, a consumer is not only a person who uses the product for domestic personal use, but also one who uses the product to earn his daily livelihood.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+vs+Customer&rft.pub=Consumerdaddy.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consumerdaddy.com%2Fa-23-consumer-customer.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Consumerism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Consumerism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Consumerism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>the philosophy of and activism for <a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">consumer protection</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Consumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_capitalism" title="Consumer capitalism">Consumer capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_privacy" title="Consumer privacy">Consumer privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">Consumer protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_revolution" title="Consumer revolution">Consumer revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_welfare_standard" title="Consumer welfare standard">Consumer welfare standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_consumerism" title="Ethical consumerism">Ethical consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informed_consumer" title="Informed consumer">Informed consumer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_activism" title="Consumer activism">Consumer activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Bill_of_Rights" title="Consumer Bill of Rights">Consumer Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_complaint" title="Consumer complaint">Consumer complaint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_education" title="Consumer education">Consumer education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_movement" title="Consumer movement">Consumer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_consumption" title="Collaborative consumption">Collaborative consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Guidelines_for_Consumer_Protection" title="United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection">United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fields of study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_math" title="Consumer math">Consumer math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthenics" title="Euthenics">Euthenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_economics" title="Home economics">Home economics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key players</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_organization" title="Consumer organization">Consumer organizations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_consumer_organizations" title="List of consumer organizations">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumers%27_Association_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Consumers' Association (disambiguation)">Consumers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Peterson" title="Esther Peterson">Esther Peterson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22855#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22855#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4062632-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85031491">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119500942">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119500942">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572062">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="spotřebitelé"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph125967&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Consumidores"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4659808">Spain</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557835005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/016474">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10640505">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consumer&oldid=1257520006">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consumer&oldid=1257520006</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Consumer" 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