CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" xmlns:fb="https://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" xmlns:addthis="https://www.addthis.com/help/api-spec" > <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <script data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer> var gtm4wp_datalayer_name = "dataLayer"; var dataLayer = dataLayer || []; </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">  <title>tips Archives | Gale Blog: Library & Educator News | K12, Academic & Public</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/" /> <link rel="next" href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/page/2/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="tips Archives | Gale Blog: Library & Educator News | K12, Academic & Public" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Gale Blog: Library & Educator News | K12, Academic & Public" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/","url":"https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/","name":"tips Archives | Gale Blog: Library & Educator News | K12, Academic & Public","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://blog.gale.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/#primaryimage","url":"https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg","width":800,"height":400},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://blog.gale.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"tips"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://blog.gale.com/#website","url":"https://blog.gale.com/","name":"Gale Blog: Library & Educator News | K12, Academic & Public","description":"The Gale Blog features product updates, library and educator news, advancements in academic research, public library insights & more. Click to read.","publisher":{"@id":"https://blog.gale.com/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://blog.gale.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://blog.gale.com/#organization","name":"Gale Blog: Library & Educator News | K12, Academic & Public","url":"https://blog.gale.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://blog.gale.com/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Gale_Logo_rgb_white_small-1.png","contentUrl":"https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Gale_Logo_rgb_white_small-1.png","width":250,"height":73,"caption":"Gale Blog: Library & Educator News | K12, Academic & Public"},"image":{"@id":"https://blog.gale.com/#/schema/logo/image/"}}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//secure.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s7.addthis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.openshareweb.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.shareaholic.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.shareaholic.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//analytics.shareaholic.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//recs.shareaholic.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//partner.shareaholic.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' /> <link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Gale Blog: Library & Educator News | K12, Academic & Public » Feed" href="https://blog.gale.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Gale Blog: Library & Educator News | K12, Academic & Public » Comments Feed" href="https://blog.gale.com/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Gale Blog: Library & Educator News | K12, Academic & Public » tips Tag Feed" href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/feed/" />  <link rel='preload' href='//cdn.shareaholic.net/assets/pub/shareaholic.js' as='script'/> <script data-no-minify='1' data-cfasync='false'> _SHR_SETTINGS = {"endpoints":{"local_recs_url":"https:\/\/blog.gale.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=shareaholic_permalink_related","ajax_url":"https:\/\/blog.gale.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","share_counts_url":"https:\/\/blog.gale.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=shareaholic_share_counts_api"},"site_id":"7774ab0fc85e19cc3519ab8a6d71cd3d"}; </script> <script data-no-minify='1' data-cfasync='false' src='//cdn.shareaholic.net/assets/pub/shareaholic.js' data-shr-siteid='7774ab0fc85e19cc3519ab8a6d71cd3d' async ></script>  <meta name='shareaholic:site_name' content='Gale Blog: Library & Educator News | K12, Academic & Public' /> <meta name='shareaholic:language' content='en-US' /> <meta name='shareaholic:article_visibility' content='private' /> <meta name='shareaholic:site_id' content='7774ab0fc85e19cc3519ab8a6d71cd3d' /> <meta name='shareaholic:wp_version' content='9.7.12' />   <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-6554141-41" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false"> var em_version = '7.10.0'; var em_track_user = true; var em_no_track_reason = ''; var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-UA-6554141-41', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.ExactMetricsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (em_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = exactmetrics_frontend.ua; __gtagDataLayer(type, name, parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dNDMyYj': true, }); __gtagTracker('config', 'UA-6554141-41', {"forceSSL":"true","link_attribution":"true"} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script>  <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/blog.gale.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-fonts-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,regular,italic,600,600italic,700,700italic,800,800italic' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://blog.gale.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.1' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--contrast: var(--contrast);--wp--preset--color--contrast-2: var(--contrast-2);--wp--preset--color--contrast-3: var(--contrast-3);--wp--preset--color--base: var(--base);--wp--preset--color--base-2: var(--base-2);--wp--preset--color--base-3: var(--base-3);--wp--preset--color--accent: var(--accent);--wp--preset--color--empower-blue: var(--empower-blue);--wp--preset--color--empower-orange: var(--empower-orange);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wtr-css-css' href='https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/plugins/worth-the-read/css/wtr.css?ver=6.6.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-style-grid-css' href='https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/unsemantic-grid.min.css?ver=3.4.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-style-css' href='https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/style.min.css?ver=3.4.0' media='all' /> <style id='generate-style-inline-css'> body{background-color:#efefef;color:#0f0f0f;}a{color:#1e73be;}a:visited{color:#0089cf;}a:hover, a:focus, a:active{color:#000000;}body .grid-container{max-width:1200px;}.wp-block-group__inner-container{max-width:1200px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.generate-back-to-top{font-size:20px;border-radius:3px;position:fixed;bottom:30px;right:30px;line-height:40px;width:40px;text-align:center;z-index:10;transition:opacity 300ms ease-in-out;opacity:0.1;transform:translateY(1000px);}.generate-back-to-top__show{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0);}:root{--contrast:#222222;--contrast-2:#575760;--contrast-3:#b2b2be;--base:#f0f0f0;--base-2:#f7f8f9;--base-3:#ffffff;--accent:#1e73be;--empower-blue:#003865;--empower-orange:#dc4405;}:root .has-contrast-color{color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-2-color{color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-2-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-3-color{color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-contrast-3-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-base-color{color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-background-color{background-color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-2-color{color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-2-background-color{background-color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-3-color{color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-base-3-background-color{background-color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-accent-color{color:var(--accent);}:root .has-accent-background-color{background-color:var(--accent);}:root .has-empower-blue-color{color:var(--empower-blue);}:root .has-empower-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--empower-blue);}:root .has-empower-orange-color{color:var(--empower-orange);}:root .has-empower-orange-background-color{background-color:var(--empower-orange);}body, button, input, select, textarea{font-family:"Open Sans", sans-serif;font-weight:300;font-size:16px;}body{line-height:1.5;}.entry-content > [class*="wp-block-"]:not(:last-child):not(.wp-block-heading){margin-bottom:1.5em;}.main-title{font-size:45px;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li a{font-size:14px;}.sidebar .widget, .footer-widgets .widget{font-size:17px;}h1{font-weight:300;font-size:40px;}h2{font-weight:300;font-size:30px;}h3{font-size:20px;}h4{font-size:inherit;}h5{font-size:inherit;}@media (max-width:768px){.main-title{font-size:30px;}h1{font-size:30px;}h2{font-size:25px;}}.top-bar{background-color:#636363;color:#ffffff;}.top-bar a{color:#ffffff;}.top-bar a:hover{color:#303030;}.site-header{background-color:#04345d;color:#3a3a3a;}.site-header a{color:#3a3a3a;}.main-title a,.main-title a:hover{color:#222222;}.site-description{color:#757575;}.main-navigation,.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:#365f7f;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a, .main-navigation .menu-toggle, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items{color:#ffffff;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):hover > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):focus > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.sfHover:not([class*="current-menu-"]) > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{color:#ffffff;background-color:#0089cf;}button.menu-toggle:hover,button.menu-toggle:focus,.main-navigation .mobile-bar-items a,.main-navigation .mobile-bar-items a:hover,.main-navigation .mobile-bar-items a:focus{color:#ffffff;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a{color:#ffffff;background-color:#0089cf;}.navigation-search input[type="search"],.navigation-search input[type="search"]:active, .navigation-search input[type="search"]:focus, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.search-item.active > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items .search-item.active > a{color:#ffffff;background-color:#0089cf;}.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:#0f0f0f;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li a{color:#ffffff;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):hover > a,.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):focus > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li.sfHover:not([class*="current-menu-"]) > a{color:#ffffff;background-color:#0c0c0c;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a{color:#ffffff;background-color:#4f4f4f;}.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .one-container .container, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .inside-page-header{background-color:#ffffff;}.entry-meta{color:#595959;}.entry-meta a{color:#595959;}.entry-meta a:hover{color:#1e73be;}.sidebar .widget{background-color:#ffffff;}.sidebar .widget .widget-title{color:#000000;}.footer-widgets{color:#ffffff;background-color:#365f7f;}.footer-widgets a{color:#abe1fa;}.footer-widgets a:hover{color:#abe1fa;}.footer-widgets .widget-title{color:#ffffff;}.site-info{color:#ffffff;background-color:#04345d;}.site-info a{color:#ffffff;}.site-info a:hover{color:#606060;}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu .current-menu-item a{color:#606060;}input[type="text"],input[type="email"],input[type="url"],input[type="password"],input[type="search"],input[type="tel"],input[type="number"],textarea,select{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;border-color:#cccccc;}input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,input[type="tel"]:focus,input[type="number"]:focus,textarea:focus,select:focus{color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;border-color:#bfbfbf;}button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],a.button,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background){color:#ffffff;background-color:#666666;}button:hover,html input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="reset"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:hover,a.button:hover,button:focus,html input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:focus,a.button:focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):active,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):hover{color:#ffffff;background-color:#3f3f3f;}a.generate-back-to-top{background-color:rgba( 0,0,0,0.4 );color:#ffffff;}a.generate-back-to-top:hover,a.generate-back-to-top:focus{background-color:rgba( 0,0,0,0.6 );color:#ffffff;}:root{--gp-search-modal-bg-color:var(--base-3);--gp-search-modal-text-color:var(--contrast);--gp-search-modal-overlay-bg-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);}@media (max-width: 768px){.main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{background:none;color:#ffffff;}}.inside-top-bar{padding:10px;}.inside-header{padding:30px 20px 30px 20px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:40px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-40px;width:calc(100% + 80px);max-width:calc(100% + 80px);}.rtl .menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-left:20px;}.rtl .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.menu-item-has-children > a{padding-right:20px;}.widget-area .widget{padding:20px;}.site-info{padding:20px;}@media (max-width:768px){.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .one-container .site-content, .inside-page-header{padding:30px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:30px;}.site-info{padding-right:10px;padding-left:10px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-30px;width:calc(100% + 60px);max-width:calc(100% + 60px);}}@media (max-width: 768px){.main-navigation .menu-toggle,.main-navigation .mobile-bar-items,.sidebar-nav-mobile:not(#sticky-placeholder){display:block;}.main-navigation ul,.gen-sidebar-nav{display:none;}[class*="nav-float-"] .site-header .inside-header > *{float:none;clear:both;}} .main-navigation .slideout-toggle a:before,.slide-opened .slideout-overlay .slideout-exit:before{font-family:GeneratePress;}.slideout-navigation .dropdown-menu-toggle:before{content:"\f107" !important;}.slideout-navigation .sfHover > a .dropdown-menu-toggle:before{content:"\f106" !important;} body{background-image:url('http://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/magma-texture.jpg');} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-mobile-style-css' href='https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/mobile.min.css?ver=3.4.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-font-icons-css' href='https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/components/font-icons.min.css?ver=3.4.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-css' href='https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/components/font-awesome.min.css?ver=4.7' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='addthis_all_pages-css' href='https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/plugins/addthis-follow/frontend/build/addthis_wordpress_public.min.css?ver=6.6.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-blog-css' href='https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/blog/functions/css/style-min.css?ver=1.8.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-secondary-nav-css' href='https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/secondary-nav/functions/css/style.min.css?ver=1.8.3' media='all' /> <style id='generate-secondary-nav-inline-css'> .secondary-navigation{background-color:#04345d;}.secondary-navigation .main-nav ul li a,.secondary-navigation .menu-toggle{color:#ffffff;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px;}button.secondary-menu-toggle:hover,button.secondary-menu-toggle:focus{color:#ffffff;}.widget-area .secondary-navigation{margin-bottom:20px;}.secondary-navigation ul ul{background-color:#303030;top:auto;}.secondary-navigation .main-nav ul ul li a{color:#ffffff;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px;}.secondary-navigation .menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-right:15px;}.secondary-navigation .main-nav ul li:hover > a,.secondary-navigation .main-nav ul li:focus > a,.secondary-navigation .main-nav ul li.sfHover > a{color:#ffffff;background-color:#0089cf;}.secondary-navigation .main-nav ul ul li:hover > a,.secondary-navigation .main-nav ul ul li:focus > a,.secondary-navigation .main-nav ul ul li.sfHover > a{color:#ffffff;background-color:#474747;}.secondary-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a, .secondary-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a:hover,.secondary-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*="current-menu-"].sfHover > a{color:#222222;background-color:#ffffff;}.secondary-navigation .main-nav ul ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a,.secondary-navigation .main-nav ul ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a:hover,.secondary-navigation .main-nav ul ul li[class*="current-menu-"].sfHover > a{color:#ffffff;background-color:#474747;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-secondary-nav-mobile-css' href='https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/secondary-nav/functions/css/mobile.min.css?ver=1.8.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='otw-shortcode-general_foundicons-css' href='https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/plugins/info-boxes-shortcode-and-widget/include/otw_components/otw_shortcode/css/general_foundicons.css?ver=6.6.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='otw-shortcode-social_foundicons-css' href='https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/plugins/info-boxes-shortcode-and-widget/include/otw_components/otw_shortcode/css/social_foundicons.css?ver=6.6.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='otw-shortcode-css' href='https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/plugins/info-boxes-shortcode-and-widget/include/otw_components/otw_shortcode/css/otw_shortcode.css?ver=6.6.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack_css-css' href='https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/css/jetpack.css?ver=9.4.3' media='all' /> <script src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-dashboard-for-wp/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js?ver=7.10.0" id="exactmetrics-frontend-script-js"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" id='exactmetrics-frontend-script-js-extra'>var exactmetrics_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"doc,pdf,ppt,zip,xls,docx,pptx,xlsx","inbound_paths":"[{\"path\":\"\\\/go\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"},{\"path\":\"\\\/recommend\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"}]","home_url":"https:\/\/blog.gale.com","hash_tracking":"false","ua":"UA-6554141-41","v4_id":""};</script> <script src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script id="accordions_js-js-extra"> var accordions_ajax = {"accordions_ajaxurl":"https:\/\/blog.gale.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; </script> <script src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/plugins/accordions/assets/frontend/js/scripts.js?ver=6.6.1" id="accordions_js-js"></script> <script src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-hide-post/public/js/wp-hide-post-public.js?ver=2.0.10" id="wp-hide-post-js"></script> <script src="https://s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js?ver=6.6.1#pubid=wp-0114226b8d293e5e4fcdbde0a365e58d" id="addthis_widget-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://blog.gale.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://blog.gale.com/wp-json/wp/v2/tags/1757" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://blog.gale.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MCRG9V');</script>  <meta name="google-site-verification" content="Efv-bj3x0yASYmpsEYOJOAX0-41i0_hBAtbDqQ_J5TM" /><script type="text/javascript"> window._se_plugin_version = '8.1.9'; </script>  <style type="text/css">.wtr-time-wrap{ /* wraps the entire label */ margin: 0 10px; } .wtr-time-number{ /* applies only to the number */ }</style>   <script data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer type="text/javascript"> var dataLayer_content = {"pagePostType":"post","pagePostType2":"tag-post"}; dataLayer.push( dataLayer_content ); </script> <script data-cfasync="false"> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MCRG9V'); </script>  <style>.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style><style type="text/css"></style><meta name="twitter:widgets:link-color" content="#000000"><meta name="twitter:widgets:border-color" content="#000000"><meta name="twitter:partner" content="tfwp"><script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">if (window.addthis_product === undefined) { window.addthis_product = "wpf"; } if (window.wp_product_version === undefined) { window.wp_product_version = "wpf-4.2.6"; } if (window.addthis_share === undefined) { window.addthis_share = {}; } if (window.addthis_config === undefined) { window.addthis_config = {"data_track_clickback":true,"ui_atversion":300}; } if (window.addthis_plugin_info === undefined) { window.addthis_plugin_info = {"info_status":"enabled","cms_name":"WordPress","plugin_name":"Follow Buttons by AddThis","plugin_version":"4.2.6","plugin_mode":"AddThis","anonymous_profile_id":"wp-0114226b8d293e5e4fcdbde0a365e58d","page_info":{"template":"archives","post_type":""},"sharing_enabled_on_post_via_metabox":false}; } (function() { var first_load_interval_id = setInterval(function () { if (typeof window.addthis !== 'undefined') { window.clearInterval(first_load_interval_id); if (typeof window.addthis_layers !== 'undefined' && Object.getOwnPropertyNames(window.addthis_layers).length > 0) { window.addthis.layers(window.addthis_layers); } if (Array.isArray(window.addthis_layers_tools)) { for (i = 0; i < window.addthis_layers_tools.length; i++) { window.addthis.layers(window.addthis_layers_tools[i]); } } } },1000) }()); </script><link rel="icon" href="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/cropped-310395875_813932749708045_650454514375076819_n-1-32x32.jpg" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/cropped-310395875_813932749708045_650454514375076819_n-1-192x192.jpg" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/cropped-310395875_813932749708045_650454514375076819_n-1-180x180.jpg" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/cropped-310395875_813932749708045_650454514375076819_n-1-270x270.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:title" content="tips"> <style type="text/css" title="dynamic-css" class="options-output">.wtr-time-wrap{line-height:16px;color:#CCCCCC;font-size:16px;opacity: 1;visibility: visible;-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out;-moz-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out;transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out;}.wf-loading .wtr-time-wrap{opacity: 0;}.ie.wf-loading .wtr-time-wrap{visibility: hidden;}</style><style id="tt-easy-google-font-styles" type="text/css">p { } h1 { } h2 { } h3 { } h4 { } h5 { } h6 { } * { } </style></head> <body class="archive tag tag-tips tag-1757 wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive post-image-below-header post-image-aligned-center secondary-nav-float-right secondary-nav-aligned-right sticky-menu-fade right-sidebar nav-below-header separate-containers fluid-header active-footer-widgets-3 nav-aligned-left header-aligned-left dropdown-hover" itemtype="https://schema.org/Blog" itemscope>   <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MCRG9V" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" aria-hidden="true"></iframe></noscript>   <a class="screen-reader-text skip-link" href="#content" title="Skip to content">Skip to content</a> <header class="site-header" id="masthead" aria-label="Site" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader" itemscope> <div class="inside-header grid-container grid-parent"> <nav itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope="itemscope" id="secondary-navigation" class="secondary-navigation grid-container grid-parent"> <div class="inside-navigation grid-container grid-parent"> <button class="menu-toggle secondary-menu-toggle"> <span class="mobile-menu">Utility Menu</span> </button> <div class="main-nav"><ul id="menu-utility-nav" class=" secondary-menu sf-menu"><li id="menu-item-20231" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20231"><a href="https://myaccount.cengage.com/b2bstore/en/US/storefrontd/gale?cmd=CLB2BMyProfile">My Account</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20223" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20223"><a href="http://support.gale.com">Support</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20227" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20227"><a href="http://www.cengage.com/repfinder/gale">Find Rep</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20225" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20225"><a href="https://cengage.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_4TMdxL87bK29mrX">Feedback</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </nav> <div class="site-logo"> <a href="http://www.gale.com" rel="home"> <img class="header-image is-logo-image" alt="Gale Blog: Library & Educator News | K12, Academic & Public" src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Gale_Logo_rgb_white_small-1.png" /> </a> </div> </div> </header> <nav class="main-navigation sub-menu-right" id="site-navigation" aria-label="Primary" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope> <div class="inside-navigation grid-container grid-parent"> <button class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="mobile-menu">Blog Menu</span> </button> <div id="primary-menu" class="main-nav"><ul id="menu-gale-blog" class=" menu sf-menu"><li id="menu-item-20185" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-20185"><a href="http://blog.gale.com">Blog Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20175" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20175"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/academic/">Academic</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20177" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20177"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/schools/">Schools</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20173" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20173"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/public/">Public</a></li> <li id="menu-item-35449" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-35449"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/thorndike-press/">Thorndike Press</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20139" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20139"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.gale.com/events#new_tab">Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20179" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20179"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/updates/">Product Updates</a></li> <li id="menu-item-51037" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-51037"><a href="https://review.gale.com/">Gale International Blog</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </nav> <div class="site grid-container container hfeed grid-parent" id="page"> <div class="site-content" id="content"> <div class="content-area grid-parent mobile-grid-100 grid-75 tablet-grid-75" id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <header class="page-header" aria-label="Page"> <h1 class="page-title"> tips </h1> </header> <article id="post-51157" class="post-51157 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-public category-updates tag-analytics tag-data tag-gale-analytics tag-gale-analytics-tip tag-library-analytics tag-public-2 tag-tips" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/using-gale-analytics-to-understand-non-english-material-circulation-at-san-diego-public-library/" rel="bookmark">Using Gale Analytics to Understand Non-English Material Circulation at San Diego Public Library</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="updated" datetime="2021-05-11T09:04:46-04:00" itemprop="dateModified">May 11, 2021</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2021-04-28T09:00:00-04:00" itemprop="datePublished">April 28, 2021</time></span> </div> </header> <div class="post-image"> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/using-gale-analytics-to-understand-non-english-material-circulation-at-san-diego-public-library/"> <img width="800" height="400" src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg 800w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-300x150.jpg 300w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-768x384.jpg 768w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-640x320.jpg 640w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="text"> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='Using Gale Analytics to Understand Non-English Material Circulation at San Diego Public Library' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/using-gale-analytics-to-understand-non-english-material-circulation-at-san-diego-public-library/' data-app-id-name='category_above_content'></div><p>Gale Analytics: Tip of the Month | By Lisa Novohatski, Marketing Analytics Consultant | We sat down with Phil Gunderson from San Diego Public Library to discuss how he used Gale Analytics: Physical Collections and MARC record language codes to create a dashboard analyzing circulation of non-English materials. Watch this 15-minute video featuring Phil as … <a title="Using Gale Analytics to Understand Non-English Material Circulation at San Diego Public Library" class="read-more" href="https://blog.gale.com/using-gale-analytics-to-understand-non-english-material-circulation-at-san-diego-public-library/">Read more</a></p> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='Using Gale Analytics to Understand Non-English Material Circulation at San Diego Public Library' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/using-gale-analytics-to-understand-non-english-material-circulation-at-san-diego-public-library/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div><div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='recommendations' data-title='Using Gale Analytics to Understand Non-English Material Circulation at San Diego Public Library' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/using-gale-analytics-to-understand-non-english-material-circulation-at-san-diego-public-library/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta" aria-label="Entry meta"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/featured/" rel="category tag">Featured</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/public/" rel="category tag">Public</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/updates/" rel="category tag">Updates</a></span> <span class="tags-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/analytics/" rel="tag">Analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/data/" rel="tag">data</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics-tip/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics Tip</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/library-analytics/" rel="tag">library analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/public-2/" rel="tag">public</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/" rel="tag">tips</a></span> </footer> </div> </article> <article id="post-50963" class="post-50963 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-public tag-gale-analytics tag-gale-analytics-tip tag-library-analytics tag-public-2 tag-tips" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/support-patrons-affected-by-the-pandemic/" rel="bookmark">Support Patrons Affected by the Pandemic</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2021-02-23T09:00:00-05:00" itemprop="datePublished">February 23, 2021</time></span> </div> </header> <div class="post-image"> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/support-patrons-affected-by-the-pandemic/"> <img width="800" height="400" src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" srcset="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg 800w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-300x150.jpg 300w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-768x384.jpg 768w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-640x320.jpg 640w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="text"> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='Support Patrons Affected by the Pandemic' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/support-patrons-affected-by-the-pandemic/' data-app-id-name='category_above_content'></div><p>| By Lisa Novohatski, Marketing Analytics Consultant | Gale Analytics: Tip of the Month This month, take a step forward in your, equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) efforts. Watch this 45-minute on-demand training webinar to learn how to use Gale Analytics: Community Insights to support those disproportionately affected by the pandemic: Identify key income groups … <a title="Support Patrons Affected by the Pandemic" class="read-more" href="https://blog.gale.com/support-patrons-affected-by-the-pandemic/">Read more</a></p> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='Support Patrons Affected by the Pandemic' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/support-patrons-affected-by-the-pandemic/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div><div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='recommendations' data-title='Support Patrons Affected by the Pandemic' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/support-patrons-affected-by-the-pandemic/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta" aria-label="Entry meta"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/featured/" rel="category tag">Featured</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/public/" rel="category tag">Public</a></span> <span class="tags-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics-tip/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics Tip</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/library-analytics/" rel="tag">library analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/public-2/" rel="tag">public</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/" rel="tag">tips</a></span> </footer> </div> </article> <article id="post-50912" class="post-50912 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-academic category-featured category-schools tag-ckg-foundation tag-educators tag-sel tag-tips" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/creative-and-practical-ways-educators-are-tackling-social-emotional-learning/" rel="bookmark">Creative (and Practical) Ways Educators Are Tackling Social-Emotional Learning</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2021-02-04T11:00:00-05:00" itemprop="datePublished">February 4, 2021</time></span> </div> </header> <div class="post-image"> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/creative-and-practical-ways-educators-are-tackling-social-emotional-learning/"> <img width="800" height="401" src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/iStock-598913384.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" srcset="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/iStock-598913384.jpg 800w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/iStock-598913384-300x150.jpg 300w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/iStock-598913384-768x385.jpg 768w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/iStock-598913384-640x321.jpg 640w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="text"> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='Creative (and Practical) Ways Educators Are Tackling Social-Emotional Learning' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/creative-and-practical-ways-educators-are-tackling-social-emotional-learning/' data-app-id-name='category_above_content'></div><p>| By Gale Staff | The pandemic has disrupted most, if not all, aspects of our lives. This rings especially true for educators who have continued working to overcome the challenges and disruptions prompted by COVID-19. The 2020-21 school year has been anything but normal. Students, families, and staff members alike are dealing with new … <a title="Creative (and Practical) Ways Educators Are Tackling Social-Emotional Learning" class="read-more" href="https://blog.gale.com/creative-and-practical-ways-educators-are-tackling-social-emotional-learning/">Read more</a></p> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='Creative (and Practical) Ways Educators Are Tackling Social-Emotional Learning' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/creative-and-practical-ways-educators-are-tackling-social-emotional-learning/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div><div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='recommendations' data-title='Creative (and Practical) Ways Educators Are Tackling Social-Emotional Learning' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/creative-and-practical-ways-educators-are-tackling-social-emotional-learning/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta" aria-label="Entry meta"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/academic/" rel="category tag">Academic</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/featured/" rel="category tag">Featured</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/schools/" rel="category tag">Schools</a></span> <span class="tags-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/ckg-foundation/" rel="tag">CKG Foundation</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/educators/" rel="tag">educators</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/sel/" rel="tag">SEL</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/" rel="tag">tips</a></span> </footer> </div> </article> <article id="post-50847" class="post-50847 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-public tag-gale-analytics tag-gale-analytics-tip tag-library-analytics tag-mosaic tag-public-2 tag-tips" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/two-steps-to-identify-likely-contributors-to-a-fundraising-campaign/" rel="bookmark">Two Steps to Identify Likely Contributors to a Fundraising Campaign</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2021-01-28T09:00:00-05:00" itemprop="datePublished">January 28, 2021</time></span> </div> </header> <div class="post-image"> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/two-steps-to-identify-likely-contributors-to-a-fundraising-campaign/"> <img width="800" height="400" src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg 800w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-300x150.jpg 300w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-768x384.jpg 768w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-640x320.jpg 640w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="text"> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='Two Steps to Identify Likely Contributors to a Fundraising Campaign' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/two-steps-to-identify-likely-contributors-to-a-fundraising-campaign/' data-app-id-name='category_above_content'></div><p>| By Lisa Novohatski, Marketing Analytics Consultant | The Experian Mosaic庐 Segmentation model leveraged in Gale Analytics provides users with a wealth of information on the lifestyles and behaviors of patrons and nonpatrons within their community. More granular information on each Mosaic segment can be found in the Experian Segmentation Portal, unlocking insights about American … <a title="Two Steps to Identify Likely Contributors to a Fundraising Campaign" class="read-more" href="https://blog.gale.com/two-steps-to-identify-likely-contributors-to-a-fundraising-campaign/">Read more</a></p> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='Two Steps to Identify Likely Contributors to a Fundraising Campaign' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/two-steps-to-identify-likely-contributors-to-a-fundraising-campaign/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div><div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='recommendations' data-title='Two Steps to Identify Likely Contributors to a Fundraising Campaign' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/two-steps-to-identify-likely-contributors-to-a-fundraising-campaign/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta" aria-label="Entry meta"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/featured/" rel="category tag">Featured</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/public/" rel="category tag">Public</a></span> <span class="tags-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics-tip/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics Tip</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/library-analytics/" rel="tag">library analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/mosaic/" rel="tag">mosaic</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/public-2/" rel="tag">public</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/" rel="tag">tips</a></span> </footer> </div> </article> <article id="post-50549" class="post-50549 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-public tag-gale-analytics tag-gale-analytics-tip tag-library-analytics tag-public-2 tag-tips" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/new-utility-added-to-gale-analytics/" rel="bookmark">New Tool Added to Gale Analytics</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="updated" datetime="2020-10-21T11:02:38-04:00" itemprop="dateModified">October 21, 2020</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2020-10-20T09:00:00-04:00" itemprop="datePublished">October 20, 2020</time></span> </div> </header> <div class="post-image"> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/new-utility-added-to-gale-analytics/"> <img width="800" height="400" src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg 800w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-300x150.jpg 300w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-768x384.jpg 768w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-640x320.jpg 640w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="text"> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='New Tool Added to Gale Analytics' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/new-utility-added-to-gale-analytics/' data-app-id-name='category_above_content'></div><p>Gale Analytics: Tip of the Month | By Lisa Novohatski, Analytics Consultant | Earlier this month, a new tool titled Merge Files was added to the Gale Analytics gallery. This is the newest addition to the collection of utilities providing users with on-demand access to data preparation tools for use with Gale Analytics. All available … <a title="New Tool Added to Gale Analytics" class="read-more" href="https://blog.gale.com/new-utility-added-to-gale-analytics/">Read more</a></p> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='New Tool Added to Gale Analytics' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/new-utility-added-to-gale-analytics/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div><div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='recommendations' data-title='New Tool Added to Gale Analytics' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/new-utility-added-to-gale-analytics/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta" aria-label="Entry meta"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/featured/" rel="category tag">Featured</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/public/" rel="category tag">Public</a></span> <span class="tags-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics-tip/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics Tip</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/library-analytics/" rel="tag">library analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/public-2/" rel="tag">public</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/" rel="tag">tips</a></span> </footer> </div> </article> <article id="post-50379" class="post-50379 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-public tag-analytics tag-analytics-on-demand tag-equity tag-gale-analytics tag-gale-analytics-tip tag-library-analytics tag-library-patrons tag-patron-insights tag-public-2 tag-tips" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/gauge-your-demographic-reach-with-gale-analytics/" rel="bookmark">Gauge Your Demographic Reach with Gale Analytics</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="updated" datetime="2020-12-03T10:24:02-05:00" itemprop="dateModified">December 3, 2020</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2020-09-14T09:00:00-04:00" itemprop="datePublished">September 14, 2020</time></span> </div> </header> <div class="post-image"> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/gauge-your-demographic-reach-with-gale-analytics/"> <img width="800" height="356" src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/iStock-1216489414.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/iStock-1216489414.jpg 800w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/iStock-1216489414-300x134.jpg 300w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/iStock-1216489414-768x342.jpg 768w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/iStock-1216489414-640x285.jpg 640w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="text"> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='Gauge Your Demographic Reach with Gale Analytics' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/gauge-your-demographic-reach-with-gale-analytics/' data-app-id-name='category_above_content'></div><p>Reducing Equity Barriers to Give Underserved Groups a Voice | By Lisa Novohatski, Analytics Consultant | Public libraries are looking to eliminate racial and social equity barriers in their programs, services, policies, and practices. I not only see this in library mission statements but in the conversations I have with directors and staff across the … <a title="Gauge Your Demographic Reach with Gale Analytics" class="read-more" href="https://blog.gale.com/gauge-your-demographic-reach-with-gale-analytics/">Read more</a></p> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='Gauge Your Demographic Reach with Gale Analytics' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/gauge-your-demographic-reach-with-gale-analytics/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div><div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='recommendations' data-title='Gauge Your Demographic Reach with Gale Analytics' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/gauge-your-demographic-reach-with-gale-analytics/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta" aria-label="Entry meta"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/featured/" rel="category tag">Featured</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/public/" rel="category tag">Public</a></span> <span class="tags-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/analytics/" rel="tag">Analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/analytics-on-demand/" rel="tag">Analytics On Demand</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/equity/" rel="tag">equity</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics-tip/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics Tip</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/library-analytics/" rel="tag">library analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/library-patrons/" rel="tag">Library patrons</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/patron-insights/" rel="tag">Patron insights</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/public-2/" rel="tag">public</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/" rel="tag">tips</a></span> </footer> </div> </article> <article id="post-50194" class="post-50194 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-public tag-gale-analytics tag-gale-analytics-tip tag-library-analytics tag-public-2 tag-tips tag-tricks" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/explore-enhancements-to-all-dashboards/" rel="bookmark">Explore Enhancements to All Dashboards</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2020-07-20T09:00:00-04:00" itemprop="datePublished">July 20, 2020</time></span> </div> </header> <div class="post-image"> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/explore-enhancements-to-all-dashboards/"> <img width="800" height="400" src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg 800w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-300x150.jpg 300w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-768x384.jpg 768w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-640x320.jpg 640w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="text"> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='Explore Enhancements to All Dashboards' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/explore-enhancements-to-all-dashboards/' data-app-id-name='category_above_content'></div><p>Gale Analytics: Tip of the Month | By Lisa Novohatski, Analytics Consultant | Learn ways you can leverage new features added to dashboards. For example, Market Penetration is now calculated for multiple visuals in Gale Analytics: Community Insights. This data point shows the percentage of households within your community with the presence of a cardholder, … <a title="Explore Enhancements to All Dashboards" class="read-more" href="https://blog.gale.com/explore-enhancements-to-all-dashboards/">Read more</a></p> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='Explore Enhancements to All Dashboards' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/explore-enhancements-to-all-dashboards/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div><div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='recommendations' data-title='Explore Enhancements to All Dashboards' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/explore-enhancements-to-all-dashboards/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta" aria-label="Entry meta"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/featured/" rel="category tag">Featured</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/public/" rel="category tag">Public</a></span> <span class="tags-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics-tip/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics Tip</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/library-analytics/" rel="tag">library analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/public-2/" rel="tag">public</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/" rel="tag">tips</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tricks/" rel="tag">tricks</a></span> </footer> </div> </article> <article id="post-50180" class="post-50180 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-public tag-gale-analytics tag-gale-analytics-tip tag-library-analytics tag-public-2 tag-tips tag-tricks" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/improved-data-upload-workflow-and-parameters-file/" rel="bookmark">Improved Data Upload Workflow and Parameters File</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="updated" datetime="2020-07-09T12:54:28-04:00" itemprop="dateModified">July 9, 2020</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2020-06-17T11:41:00-04:00" itemprop="datePublished">June 17, 2020</time></span> </div> </header> <div class="post-image"> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/improved-data-upload-workflow-and-parameters-file/"> <img width="800" height="400" src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg 800w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-300x150.jpg 300w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-768x384.jpg 768w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-640x320.jpg 640w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="text"> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='Improved Data Upload Workflow and Parameters File' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/improved-data-upload-workflow-and-parameters-file/' data-app-id-name='category_above_content'></div><p>Gale Analytics: Tip of the Month | By Lisa Novohatski, Analytics Consultant | We recently made enhancements to Gale Analytics making data upload easier. Watch this 5-minute video to learn about the changes and how to take advantage of new features like the parameters file. Please reach out to me if you have any questions about Gale Analytics. air jordan 11 galaxy … <a title="Improved Data Upload Workflow and Parameters File" class="read-more" href="https://blog.gale.com/improved-data-upload-workflow-and-parameters-file/">Read more</a></p> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='Improved Data Upload Workflow and Parameters File' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/improved-data-upload-workflow-and-parameters-file/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div><div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='recommendations' data-title='Improved Data Upload Workflow and Parameters File' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/improved-data-upload-workflow-and-parameters-file/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta" aria-label="Entry meta"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/featured/" rel="category tag">Featured</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/public/" rel="category tag">Public</a></span> <span class="tags-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics-tip/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics Tip</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/library-analytics/" rel="tag">library analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/public-2/" rel="tag">public</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/" rel="tag">tips</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tricks/" rel="tag">tricks</a></span> </footer> </div> </article> <article id="post-50075" class="post-50075 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-public tag-gale-analytics tag-gale-analytics-tip tag-library-analytics tag-public-2 tag-tips tag-tricks" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/examining-ebook-usage-pre-and-post-covid-19/" rel="bookmark">Examining eBook Usage Pre- and Post-COVID-19</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="updated" datetime="2020-06-10T14:40:12-04:00" itemprop="dateModified">June 10, 2020</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2020-05-25T14:39:00-04:00" itemprop="datePublished">May 25, 2020</time></span> </div> </header> <div class="post-image"> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/examining-ebook-usage-pre-and-post-covid-19/"> <img width="800" height="400" src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg 800w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-300x150.jpg 300w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-768x384.jpg 768w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-640x320.jpg 640w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="text"> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='Examining eBook Usage Pre- and Post-COVID-19' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/examining-ebook-usage-pre-and-post-covid-19/' data-app-id-name='category_above_content'></div><p>Gale Analytics: Tip of the Month | By Lisa Novohatski, Analytics Consultant | The COVID-19 pandemic has caused public libraries across the nation to make a very difficult decision鈥攖o close their doors. With this change, many libraries have seen a shift in usage from physical materials to online resources. Perhaps some patrons have even stopped … <a title="Examining eBook Usage Pre- and Post-COVID-19" class="read-more" href="https://blog.gale.com/examining-ebook-usage-pre-and-post-covid-19/">Read more</a></p> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='Examining eBook Usage Pre- and Post-COVID-19' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/examining-ebook-usage-pre-and-post-covid-19/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div><div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='recommendations' data-title='Examining eBook Usage Pre- and Post-COVID-19' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/examining-ebook-usage-pre-and-post-covid-19/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta" aria-label="Entry meta"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/featured/" rel="category tag">Featured</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/public/" rel="category tag">Public</a></span> <span class="tags-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics-tip/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics Tip</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/library-analytics/" rel="tag">library analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/public-2/" rel="tag">public</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/" rel="tag">tips</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tricks/" rel="tag">tricks</a></span> </footer> </div> </article> <article id="post-50070" class="post-50070 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-public tag-gale-analytics tag-gale-analytics-tip tag-library-analytics tag-public-2 tag-tips tag-tricks" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/whats-in-a-map/" rel="bookmark">What鈥檚 in a Map?</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="updated" datetime="2020-06-10T14:42:11-04:00" itemprop="dateModified">June 10, 2020</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2020-04-06T14:41:00-04:00" itemprop="datePublished">April 6, 2020</time></span> </div> </header> <div class="post-image"> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/whats-in-a-map/"> <img width="800" height="400" src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1.jpg 800w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-300x150.jpg 300w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-768x384.jpg 768w, https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GCT211398847-Gale-Analytics-Blog-Banner-1-640x320.jpg 640w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="text"> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='What鈥檚 in a Map?' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/whats-in-a-map/' data-app-id-name='category_above_content'></div><p>Gale Analytics: Tip of the Month | By Lisa Novohatski, Analytics Consultant | Gale Analytics: Community Insights displays data on several tabs, visualizing data in different ways. First, we have the patron measures tab giving important information on demographics and the Experian Mosaic segments that are most prominent in the service area and patron base. … <a title="What鈥檚 in a Map?" class="read-more" href="https://blog.gale.com/whats-in-a-map/">Read more</a></p> <div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='What鈥檚 in a Map?' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/whats-in-a-map/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div><div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='recommendations' data-title='What鈥檚 in a Map?' data-link='https://blog.gale.com/whats-in-a-map/' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta" aria-label="Entry meta"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/featured/" rel="category tag">Featured</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/public/" rel="category tag">Public</a></span> <span class="tags-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags </span><a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-analytics-tip/" rel="tag">Gale Analytics Tip</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/library-analytics/" rel="tag">library analytics</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/public-2/" rel="tag">public</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/" rel="tag">tips</a>, <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tricks/" rel="tag">tricks</a></span> </footer> </div> </article> <nav id="nav-below" class="paging-navigation" aria-label="Archive Page"> <div class="nav-previous"> <span class="prev" title="Previous"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/page/2/" >Older posts</a></span> </div> <div class="nav-links"><span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page</span>1</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/page/2/"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page</span>2</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/tips/page/2/">Next <span aria-hidden="true">→</span></a></div> </nav> </main> </div> <div class="widget-area sidebar is-right-sidebar grid-25 tablet-grid-25 grid-parent" id="right-sidebar"> <div class="inside-right-sidebar"> <aside id="search-7" class="widget inner-padding widget_search"><form method="get" class="search-form" action="https://blog.gale.com/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" title="Search for:"> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search"></form> </aside><aside id="custom_html-3" class="widget_text widget inner-padding widget_custom_html"><h2 class="widget-title">Subscribe</h2><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><form method="post" name="GOT211596043" action="https://s2138.t.eloqua.com/e/f2" onsubmit="return handleFormSubmit(this)" id="form3330" class="elq-form"> <input value="GOT211596043" type="hidden" name="elqFormName"> <input value="2138" type="hidden" name="elqSiteId"> <input name="elqCampaignId" type="hidden"> <div class="layout container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="grid-layout-col"> <div class="layout-col col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div id="formElement0" class="elq-field-style form-element-layout row"> <div style="text-align:left;" class="col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <label class="elq-label " for="fe49300">Email Address <span class="elq-required">* </span> </label> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="field-control-wrapper"> <input type="text" class="elq-item-input" name="emailAddress" id="fe49300" value="" style="width:100%;"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <br> <div class="row"> <div class="grid-layout-col"> <div class="layout-col col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div id="formElement1" class="elq-field-style form-element-layout row"> <div style="text-align:left;" class="col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <label class="elq-label " for="fe49315">Country <span class="elq-required">* </span> </label> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="field-control-wrapper"> <select class="elq-item-select" id="fe49315" name="country" style="width:100%;" data-value="~~eloqua..type--emailfield..syntax--Country~~"> <option value="">Select </option> <option value="United States">United States </option> <option value="Canada">Canada </option> <option value="Afghanistan">Afghanistan </option> <option value="Auckland Islands">Auckland Islands </option> <option value="Albania">Albania </option> <option value="Algeria">Algeria </option> <option value="American Samoa">American Samoa </option> <option value="Andorra">Andorra </option> <option value="Angola">Angola </option> <option value="Anguilla">Anguilla </option> <option value="Antarctica">Antarctica </option> <option value="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda </option> <option value="Argentina">Argentina </option> <option value="Armenia">Armenia </option> <option value="Aruba">Aruba </option> <option value="Australia">Australia </option> <option value="Austria">Austria </option> <option value="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan </option> <option value="Bahamas">Bahamas </option> <option value="Bahrain">Bahrain </option> <option value="Bangladesh">Bangladesh </option> <option value="Barbados">Barbados </option> <option value="Belarus">Belarus </option> <option value="Belgium">Belgium </option> <option value="Belize">Belize </option> <option value="Benin">Benin </option> <option value="Bermuda">Bermuda </option> <option value="Bhutan">Bhutan </option> <option value="Bolivia">Bolivia </option> <option value="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba">Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba </option> <option value="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina </option> <option value="Botswana">Botswana </option> <option value="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island </option> <option value="Brazil">Brazil </option> <option value="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory </option> <option value="Brunei Darussalam">Brunei Darussalam </option> <option value="Bulgaria">Bulgaria </option> <option value="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso </option> <option value="Burundi">Burundi </option> <option value="Cabo Verde">Cabo Verde </option> <option value="Cambodia">Cambodia </option> <option value="Cameroon">Cameroon </option> <option value="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands </option> <option value="Central African Republic">Central African Republic </option> <option value="Chad">Chad </option> <option value="Chile">Chile </option> <option value="China">China </option> <option value="Christmas Island">Christmas Island </option> <option value="Cocos Islands">Cocos Islands </option> <option value="Colombia">Colombia </option> <option value="Comoros">Comoros </option> <option value="Congo">Congo </option> <option value="Cook Islands">Cook Islands </option> <option value="Costa Rica">Costa Rica </option> <option value="Cote d'Ivoire">Cote d'Ivoire </option> <option value="Croatia">Croatia </option> <option value="Cuba">Cuba </option> <option value="Curacao">Curacao </option> <option value="Cyprus">Cyprus </option> <option value="Czechia">Czechia </option> <option value="Democratic Republic of Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo </option> <option value="Denmark">Denmark </option> <option value="Djibouti">Djibouti </option> <option value="Dominica">Dominica </option> <option value="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic </option> <option value="Ecuador">Ecuador </option> <option value="Egypt">Egypt </option> <option value="El Salvador">El Salvador </option> <option value="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea </option> <option value="Eritrea">Eritrea </option> <option value="Estonia">Estonia </option> <option value="Eswatini">Eswatini </option> <option value="Ethiopia">Ethiopia </option> <option value="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands </option> <option value="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands </option> <option value="Fiji">Fiji </option> <option value="Finland">Finland </option> <option value="France">France </option> <option value="French Guiana">French Guiana </option> <option value="French Polynesia">French Polynesia </option> <option value="French Southern Territories">French Southern Territories </option> <option value="Gabon">Gabon </option> <option value="Gambia">Gambia </option> <option value="Georgia">Georgia </option> <option value="Germany">Germany </option> <option value="Ghana">Ghana </option> <option value="Gibraltar">Gibraltar </option> <option value="Greece">Greece </option> <option value="Greenland">Greenland </option> <option value="Grenada">Grenada </option> <option value="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe </option> <option value="Guam">Guam </option> <option value="Guatemala">Guatemala </option> <option value="Guernsey">Guernsey </option> <option value="Guinea">Guinea </option> <option value="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau </option> <option value="Guyana">Guyana </option> <option value="Haiti">Haiti </option> <option value="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands </option> <option value="Holy See">Holy See </option> <option value="Honduras">Honduras </option> <option value="Hong Kong">Hong Kong </option> <option value="Hungary">Hungary </option> <option value="Iceland">Iceland </option> <option value="India">India </option> <option value="Indonesia">Indonesia </option> <option value="Iran">Iran </option> <option value="Iraq">Iraq </option> <option value="Ireland">Ireland </option> <option value="Isle of Man">Isle of Man </option> <option value="Israel">Israel </option> <option value="Italy">Italy </option> <option value="Jamaica">Jamaica </option> <option value="Japan">Japan </option> <option value="Jersey">Jersey </option> <option value="Jordan">Jordan </option> <option value="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan </option> <option value="Kenya">Kenya </option> <option value="Kiribati">Kiribati </option> <option value="Kuwait">Kuwait </option> <option value="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan </option> <option value="Lao People's Democratic Republic">Lao People's Democratic Republic </option> <option value="Latvia">Latvia </option> <option value="Lebanon">Lebanon </option> <option value="Lesotho">Lesotho </option> <option value="Liberia">Liberia </option> <option value="Libya">Libya </option> <option value="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein </option> <option value="Lithuania">Lithuania </option> <option value="Luxembourg">Luxembourg </option> <option value="Macao">Macao </option> <option value="Macedonia">Macedonia </option> <option value="Madagascar">Madagascar </option> <option value="Malawi">Malawi </option> <option value="Malaysia">Malaysia </option> <option value="Maldives">Maldives </option> <option value="Mali">Mali </option> <option value="Malta">Malta </option> <option value="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands </option> <option value="Martinique">Martinique </option> <option value="Mauritania">Mauritania </option> <option value="Mauritius">Mauritius </option> <option value="Mayotte">Mayotte </option> <option value="Mexico">Mexico </option> <option value="Micronesia">Micronesia </option> <option value="Moldova">Moldova </option> <option value="Monaco">Monaco </option> <option value="Mongolia">Mongolia </option> <option value="Montenegro">Montenegro </option> <option value="Montserrat">Montserrat </option> <option value="Morocco">Morocco </option> <option value="Mozambique">Mozambique </option> <option value="Myanmar">Myanmar </option> <option value="Namibia">Namibia </option> <option value="Nauru">Nauru </option> <option value="Nepal">Nepal </option> <option value="Netherlands">Netherlands </option> <option value="New Caledonia">New Caledonia </option> <option value="New Zealand">New Zealand </option> <option value="Nicaragua">Nicaragua </option> <option value="Niger">Niger </option> <option value="Nigeria">Nigeria </option> <option value="Niue">Niue </option> <option value="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island </option> <option value="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands </option> <option value="Norway">Norway </option> <option value="Oman">Oman </option> <option value="Pakistan">Pakistan </option> <option value="Palau">Palau </option> <option value="Palestine, State of">Palestine, State of </option> <option value="Panama">Panama </option> <option value="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea </option> <option value="Paraguay">Paraguay </option> <option value="Peru">Peru </option> <option value="Philippines">Philippines </option> <option value="Pitcairn">Pitcairn </option> <option value="Poland">Poland </option> <option value="Portugal">Portugal </option> <option value="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </option> <option value="Qatar">Qatar </option> <option value="Reunion">Reunion </option> <option value="Romania">Romania </option> <option value="Russian Federation">Russian Federation </option> <option value="Rwanda">Rwanda </option> <option value="Saint Barthelemy">Saint Barthelemy </option> <option value="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha </option> <option value="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis </option> <option value="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia </option> <option value="Saint Martin">Saint Martin </option> <option value="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon </option> <option value="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines </option> <option value="Samoa">Samoa </option> <option value="San Marino">San Marino </option> <option value="Sao Tome and Principe">Sao Tome and Principe </option> <option value="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia </option> <option value="Senegal">Senegal </option> <option value="Serbia">Serbia </option> <option value="Seychelles">Seychelles </option> <option value="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone </option> <option value="Singapore">Singapore </option> <option value="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten </option> <option value="Slovakia">Slovakia </option> <option value="Slovenia">Slovenia </option> <option value="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands </option> <option value="Somalia">Somalia </option> <option value="South Africa">South Africa </option> <option value="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands </option> <option value="South Korea">South Korea </option> <option value="South Sudan">South Sudan </option> <option value="Spain">Spain </option> <option value="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka </option> <option value="Sudan">Sudan </option> <option value="Suriname">Suriname </option> <option value="Svalbard and Jan Mayen">Svalbard and Jan Mayen </option> <option value="Sweden">Sweden </option> <option value="Switzerland">Switzerland </option> <option value="Syrian Arab Republic">Syrian Arab Republic </option> <option value="Taiwan">Taiwan </option> <option value="Tajikistan">Tajikistan </option> <option value="Tanzania, United Republic of">Tanzania, United Republic of </option> <option value="Thailand">Thailand </option> <option value="Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste </option> <option value="Togo">Togo </option> <option value="Tokelau">Tokelau </option> <option value="Tonga">Tonga </option> <option value="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago </option> <option value="Tunisia">Tunisia </option> <option value="Turkey">Turkey </option> <option value="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan </option> <option value="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands </option> <option value="Tuvalu">Tuvalu </option> <option value="Uganda">Uganda </option> <option value="Ukraine">Ukraine </option> <option value="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates </option> <option value="United Kingdom">United Kingdom </option> <option value="Uruguay">Uruguay </option> <option value="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan </option> <option value="Vanuatu">Vanuatu </option> <option value="Venezuela">Venezuela </option> <option value="Viet Nam">Viet Nam </option> <option value="Virgin Islands (British)">Virgin Islands (British) </option> <option value="Virgin Islands (U.S.)">Virgin Islands (U.S.) </option> <option value="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna </option> <option value="Yemen">Yemen </option> <option value="Zambia">Zambia </option> <option value="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe </option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <br> <div class="row"> <div class="grid-layout-col"> <div class="layout-col col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div id="formElement2" class="elq-field-style form-element-layout row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div> <input type="Submit" class="submit-button-style " value="OPT IN" id="fe49314"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="channelDesignation" id="fe49308" value="Library"> <input type="hidden" name="utm_source" id="fe49309" value="wordpress"> <input type="hidden" name="utm_medium" id="fe49310" value="blog"> <input type="hidden" name="utm_campaign" id="fe49311" value="GOT211596043"> </div> </form> </div></aside><aside id="text-21" class="widget inner-padding widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><b><font color="#365f7f">Follow Us:</font></b></br> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/GaleCengage"> <img src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/facebook.png" alt="HTML tutorial" style="width:30px;height:30px;border:0;"> </a><a href="https://twitter.com/galecengage"> <img src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/twitter-2.png" alt="HTML tutorial" style="width:30px;height:30px;border:0;"> </a></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/GaleCengage"> <img src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/youtubet.png" alt="HTML tutorial" style="width:30px;height:30px;border:0;"> </a> </div> </aside><aside id="tag_cloud-6" class="widget inner-padding widget_tag_cloud"><h2 class="widget-title">Popular Tags</h2><div class="tagcloud"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/academic-2/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-463 tag-link-position-1" style="font-size: 18.9454545455pt;" aria-label="academic (247 items)">academic</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/academic-libraries/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-163 tag-link-position-2" style="font-size: 16.0181818182pt;" aria-label="academic libraries (144 items)">academic libraries</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/academic-onefile/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-267 tag-link-position-3" style="font-size: 10.5454545455pt;" aria-label="Academic OneFile (53 items)">Academic OneFile</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/analytics-on-demand/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-903 tag-link-position-4" style="font-size: 8.63636363636pt;" aria-label="Analytics On Demand (37 items)">Analytics On Demand</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/chiltonlibrary/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-805 tag-link-position-5" style="font-size: 10.4181818182pt;" aria-label="ChiltonLibrary (51 items)">ChiltonLibrary</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/digital-humanities/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-3665 tag-link-position-6" style="font-size: 9.01818181818pt;" aria-label="digital humanities (40 items)">digital humanities</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/ebooks/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-23 tag-link-position-7" style="font-size: 19.7090909091pt;" aria-label="eBooks (283 items)">eBooks</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/featured-2/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-539 tag-link-position-8" style="font-size: 10.6727272727pt;" aria-label="featured (54 items)">featured</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-45 tag-link-position-9" style="font-size: 21.8727272727pt;" aria-label="Gale (415 items)">Gale</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-academic-onefile-update/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-10092 tag-link-position-10" style="font-size: 10.2909090909pt;" aria-label="Gale Academic OneFile Update (50 items)">Gale Academic OneFile Update</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-courses/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-683 tag-link-position-11" style="font-size: 9.78181818182pt;" aria-label="Gale Courses (46 items)">Gale Courses</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-ebooks/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-5517 tag-link-position-12" style="font-size: 13.0909090909pt;" aria-label="Gale eBooks (84 items)">Gale eBooks</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-general-onefile-update/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-10093 tag-link-position-13" style="font-size: 8.38181818182pt;" aria-label="Gale General OneFile update (35 items)">Gale General OneFile update</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-in-context/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-3013 tag-link-position-14" style="font-size: 11.3090909091pt;" aria-label="Gale In Context (60 items)">Gale In Context</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-in-context-biography/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-9872 tag-link-position-15" style="font-size: 10.5454545455pt;" aria-label="Gale In Context: Biography (53 items)">Gale In Context: Biography</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/gale-primary-sources/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-4841 tag-link-position-16" style="font-size: 12.7090909091pt;" aria-label="Gale Primary Sources (79 items)">Gale Primary Sources</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/general-onefile/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-269 tag-link-position-17" style="font-size: 10.4181818182pt;" aria-label="General OneFile (51 items)">General OneFile</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/google/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2115 tag-link-position-18" style="font-size: 10.1636363636pt;" aria-label="Google (49 items)">Google</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/health/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-649 tag-link-position-19" style="font-size: 8.12727272727pt;" aria-label="health (34 items)">health</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/health-reference-center-academic/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-271 tag-link-position-20" style="font-size: 8.12727272727pt;" aria-label="Health Reference Center Academic (34 items)">Health Reference Center Academic</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/history/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-217 tag-link-position-21" style="font-size: 9.27272727273pt;" aria-label="history (42 items)">history</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/in-context/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-195 tag-link-position-22" style="font-size: 15.8909090909pt;" aria-label="In Context (141 items)">In Context</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/k12/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-387 tag-link-position-23" style="font-size: 9.14545454545pt;" aria-label="K12 (41 items)">K12</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/large-print/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-481 tag-link-position-24" style="font-size: 13.0909090909pt;" aria-label="large print (84 items)">large print</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/lgbtq/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-4585 tag-link-position-25" style="font-size: 9.78181818182pt;" aria-label="LGBTQ (46 items)">LGBTQ</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/libraries/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-415 tag-link-position-26" style="font-size: 10.1636363636pt;" aria-label="libraries (49 items)">libraries</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/library/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-549 tag-link-position-27" style="font-size: 10.9272727273pt;" aria-label="library (56 items)">library</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/michigan/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-4383 tag-link-position-28" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Michigan (33 items)">Michigan</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/my-library-story/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-3395 tag-link-position-29" style="font-size: 18.9454545455pt;" aria-label="My Library Story (245 items)">My Library Story</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/primary-sources/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-105 tag-link-position-30" style="font-size: 15.8909090909pt;" aria-label="primary sources (140 items)">primary sources</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/product-review/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2717 tag-link-position-31" style="font-size: 9.78181818182pt;" aria-label="Product Review (46 items)">Product Review</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/product-update/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-783 tag-link-position-32" style="font-size: 11.1818181818pt;" aria-label="product update (59 items)">product update</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/product-updates/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1379 tag-link-position-33" style="font-size: 12.2pt;" aria-label="Product updates (71 items)">Product updates</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/public-2/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-461 tag-link-position-34" style="font-size: 22pt;" aria-label="public (424 items)">public</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/public-libraries/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-37 tag-link-position-35" style="font-size: 20.8545454545pt;" aria-label="public libraries (345 items)">public libraries</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/public-library/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-35 tag-link-position-36" style="font-size: 20.2181818182pt;" aria-label="public library (305 items)">public library</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/research/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-155 tag-link-position-37" style="font-size: 11.4363636364pt;" aria-label="research (62 items)">research</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/school/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1159 tag-link-position-38" style="font-size: 9.14545454545pt;" aria-label="school (41 items)">school</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/schools/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-4775 tag-link-position-39" style="font-size: 19.0727272727pt;" aria-label="Schools (250 items)">Schools</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/science/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-91 tag-link-position-40" style="font-size: 8.50909090909pt;" aria-label="science (36 items)">science</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/students/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-533 tag-link-position-41" style="font-size: 8.12727272727pt;" aria-label="students (34 items)">students</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/technology/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-93 tag-link-position-42" style="font-size: 8.12727272727pt;" aria-label="technology (34 items)">technology</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/thorndike/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-483 tag-link-position-43" style="font-size: 11.1818181818pt;" aria-label="thorndike (59 items)">thorndike</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/thorndike-press/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-341 tag-link-position-44" style="font-size: 15.3818181818pt;" aria-label="Thorndike Press (128 items)">Thorndike Press</a> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/tag/updates/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2773 tag-link-position-45" style="font-size: 9.78181818182pt;" aria-label="Updates (46 items)">Updates</a></div> </aside><aside id="categories-8" class="widget inner-padding widget_categories"><h2 class="widget-title">Categories</h2> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-4"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/academic/">Academic</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-4955"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/digital-humanities/">Digital Humanities</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-8"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/events/">Events</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-3"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/featured/">Featured</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-5"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/public/">Public</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-6"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/schools/">Schools</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-5847"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/special/">Special</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-3965"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/thorndike-press/">Thorndike Press</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-7"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/updates/">Updates</a> </li> </ul> </aside><aside id="archives-7" class="widget inner-padding widget_archive"><h2 class="widget-title">Archives</h2> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="archives-dropdown-7">Archives</label> <select id="archives-dropdown-7" name="archive-dropdown"> <option value="">Select Month</option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2024/11/'> November 2024 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2024/10/'> October 2024 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2024/09/'> September 2024 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2024/08/'> August 2024 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2024/07/'> July 2024 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2024/06/'> June 2024 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2024/05/'> May 2024 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2024/04/'> April 2024 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2024/03/'> March 2024 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2024/02/'> February 2024 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2024/01/'> January 2024 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2023/12/'> December 2023 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2023/11/'> November 2023 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2023/10/'> October 2023 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2023/09/'> September 2023 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2023/08/'> August 2023 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2023/07/'> July 2023 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2023/06/'> June 2023 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2023/05/'> May 2023 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2023/04/'> April 2023 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2023/03/'> March 2023 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2023/02/'> February 2023 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2023/01/'> January 2023 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2022/12/'> December 2022 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2022/11/'> November 2022 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2022/10/'> October 2022 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2022/09/'> September 2022 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2022/08/'> August 2022 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2022/07/'> July 2022 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2022/06/'> June 2022 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2022/05/'> May 2022 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2022/04/'> April 2022 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2022/03/'> March 2022 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2022/02/'> February 2022 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2022/01/'> January 2022 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2021/12/'> December 2021 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2021/11/'> November 2021 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2021/10/'> October 2021 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2021/09/'> September 2021 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2021/08/'> August 2021 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2021/07/'> July 2021 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2021/06/'> June 2021 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2021/05/'> May 2021 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2021/04/'> April 2021 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2021/03/'> March 2021 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2021/02/'> February 2021 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2021/01/'> January 2021 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2020/12/'> December 2020 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2020/11/'> November 2020 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2020/10/'> October 2020 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2020/09/'> September 2020 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2020/08/'> August 2020 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2020/07/'> July 2020 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2020/06/'> June 2020 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2020/05/'> May 2020 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2020/04/'> April 2020 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2020/03/'> March 2020 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2020/02/'> February 2020 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2020/01/'> January 2020 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2019/12/'> December 2019 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2019/11/'> November 2019 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2019/10/'> October 2019 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2019/09/'> September 2019 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2019/08/'> August 2019 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2019/07/'> July 2019 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2019/06/'> June 2019 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2019/05/'> May 2019 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2019/04/'> April 2019 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2019/03/'> March 2019 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2019/02/'> February 2019 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2019/01/'> January 2019 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2018/12/'> December 2018 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2018/11/'> November 2018 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2018/10/'> October 2018 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2018/09/'> September 2018 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2018/08/'> August 2018 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2018/07/'> July 2018 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2018/06/'> June 2018 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2018/05/'> May 2018 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2018/04/'> April 2018 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2018/03/'> March 2018 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2018/02/'> February 2018 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2018/01/'> January 2018 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2017/12/'> December 2017 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2017/11/'> November 2017 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2017/10/'> October 2017 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2017/09/'> September 2017 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2017/08/'> August 2017 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2017/07/'> July 2017 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2017/06/'> June 2017 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2017/05/'> May 2017 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2017/04/'> April 2017 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2017/03/'> March 2017 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2017/02/'> February 2017 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2017/01/'> January 2017 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2016/12/'> December 2016 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2016/11/'> November 2016 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2016/10/'> October 2016 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2016/09/'> September 2016 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2016/08/'> August 2016 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2016/07/'> July 2016 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2016/06/'> June 2016 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2016/05/'> May 2016 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2016/04/'> April 2016 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2016/03/'> March 2016 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2016/02/'> February 2016 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2016/01/'> January 2016 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2015/12/'> December 2015 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2015/11/'> November 2015 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2015/10/'> October 2015 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2015/09/'> September 2015 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2015/08/'> August 2015 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2015/07/'> July 2015 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2015/06/'> June 2015 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2015/05/'> May 2015 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2015/04/'> April 2015 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2015/03/'> March 2015 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2015/02/'> February 2015 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2015/01/'> January 2015 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2014/12/'> December 2014 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2014/11/'> November 2014 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2014/10/'> October 2014 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2014/09/'> September 2014 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2014/08/'> August 2014 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2014/07/'> July 2014 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2014/06/'> June 2014 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2014/05/'> May 2014 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2014/04/'> April 2014 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2014/03/'> March 2014 </option> <option value='https://blog.gale.com/2014/02/'> February 2014 </option> </select> <script> (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "archives-dropdown-7" ); function onSelectChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value !== '' ) { document.location.href = this.options[ this.selectedIndex ].value; } } dropdown.onchange = onSelectChange; })(); </script> </aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer"> <div id="footer-widgets" class="site footer-widgets"> <div class="footer-widgets-container grid-container grid-parent"> <div class="inside-footer-widgets"> <div class="footer-widget-1 grid-parent grid-33 tablet-grid-50 mobile-grid-100"> <aside id="text-15" class="widget inner-padding widget_text"><h2 class="widget-title">Gale</h2> <div class="textwidget"><p>Learn more about us:<br /> <a href="http://www.gale.com">Gale.com</a><br /> <a href="http://www.gale.com/about">About Gale</a></p> <p>Learn about our markets:<br /> <a href="http://www.gale.com/academic">Academic</a><br /> <a href="http://www.gale.com/schools">Schools</a><br /> <a href="http://www.gale.com/public">Public</a><br /> <a href="http://gale.com/special">Government & Special</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.cengage.com/privacy/">Privacy Policy</a></p> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="footer-widget-2 grid-parent grid-33 tablet-grid-50 mobile-grid-100"> <aside id="categories-7" class="widget inner-padding widget_categories"><h2 class="widget-title">Blog Post Categories</h2> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-4"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/academic/">Academic</a> (1,041) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-4955"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/digital-humanities/">Digital Humanities</a> (38) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-8"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/events/">Events</a> (12) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-3"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/featured/">Featured</a> (1,727) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-5"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/public/">Public</a> (1,536) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-6"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/schools/">Schools</a> (1,258) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-5847"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/special/">Special</a> (74) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-3965"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/thorndike-press/">Thorndike Press</a> (197) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-7"><a href="https://blog.gale.com/category/updates/">Updates</a> (351) </li> </ul> </aside> </div> <div class="footer-widget-3 grid-parent grid-33 tablet-grid-50 mobile-grid-100"> <aside id="search-3" class="widget inner-padding widget_search"><h2 class="widget-title">Search the Gale Blog</h2><form method="get" class="search-form" action="https://blog.gale.com/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" title="Search for:"> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search"></form> </aside><aside id="wpcom_social_media_icons_widget-4" class="widget inner-padding widget_wpcom_social_media_icons_widget"><h2 class="widget-title">Social</h2><ul><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/GaleCengage/" class="genericon genericon-facebook" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">View GaleCengage’s profile on Facebook</span></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/GaleCengage/" class="genericon genericon-twitter" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">View GaleCengage’s profile on Twitter</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/GaleCengage/" class="genericon genericon-youtube" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">View GaleCengage’s profile on YouTube</span></a></li><li><a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/+GaleCengage/" class="genericon genericon-googleplus" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">View GaleCengage’s profile on Google+</span></a></li></ul></aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="site-info" aria-label="Site" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter" itemscope> <div class="inside-site-info grid-container grid-parent"> <div class="copyright-bar"> Copyright © 2024 Gale, part of Cengage Learning </div> </div> </footer> </div> <a title="Scroll back to top" aria-label="Scroll back to top" rel="nofollow" href="#" class="generate-back-to-top" data-scroll-speed="400" data-start-scroll="300"> </a><script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-6554141-41', 'auto'); ga('set', 'anonymizeIp', true); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <script> !function(e,t,n,s,u,a){e.twq||(s=e.twq=function(){s.exe?s.exe.apply(s,arguments):s.queue.push(arguments); },s.version='1.1',s.queue=[],u=t.createElement(n),u.async=!0,u.src='//static.ads-twitter.com/uwt.js', a=t.getElementsByTagName(n)[0],a.parentNode.insertBefore(u,a))}(window,document,'script'); // Insert Twitter Pixel ID and Standard Event data below twq('init','nw169'); twq('track','PageView'); </script> <script id="generate-a11y">!function(){"use strict";if("querySelector"in document&&"addEventListener"in window){var e=document.body;e.addEventListener("mousedown",function(){e.classList.add("using-mouse")}),e.addEventListener("keydown",function(){e.classList.remove("using-mouse")})}}();</script><link rel='stylesheet' id='genericons-css' href='https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/genericons/genericons/genericons.css?ver=3.1' media='all' /> <script src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/plugins/worth-the-read/js/wtr.js?ver=6.6.1" id="wtr-js-js"></script> <script src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/plugins/duracelltomi-google-tag-manager/dist/js/gtm4wp-form-move-tracker.js?ver=1.19" id="gtm4wp-form-move-tracker-js"></script>  <script id="generate-menu-js-extra"> var generatepressMenu = {"toggleOpenedSubMenus":"1","openSubMenuLabel":"Open Sub-Menu","closeSubMenuLabel":"Close Sub-Menu"}; </script> <script src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/menu.min.js?ver=3.4.0" id="generate-menu-js"></script> <script id="generate-back-to-top-js-extra"> var generatepressBackToTop = {"smooth":"1"}; </script> <script src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/back-to-top.min.js?ver=3.4.0" id="generate-back-to-top-js"></script> <script src="https://blog.gale.com/wp-content/plugins/page-links-to/dist/new-tab.js?ver=3.3.5" id="page-links-to-js"></script> <script src='https://stats.wp.com/e-202447.js' defer></script> <script> _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ 'view', {v:'ext',j:'1:9.4.3',blog:'64822524',post:'0',tz:'-5',srv:'blog.gale.com'} ]); _stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '64822524', '0' ]); </script> </body> </html>