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design</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: structure design"> <meta name="keywords" content="structure design"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="structure design"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 18737</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: structure design</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18737</span> Research on Architectural Steel Structure Design Based on BIM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tianyu%20Gao">Tianyu Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital architectures use computer-aided design, programming, simulation, and imaging to create virtual forms and physical structures. Today's customers want to know more about their buildings. They want an automatic thermostat to learn their behavior and contact them, such as the doors and windows they want to open with a mobile app. Therefore, the architectural display form is more closely related to the customer's experience. Based on the purpose of building informationization, this paper studies the steel structure design based on BIM. Taking the Zigan office building in Hangzhou as an example, it is divided into four parts, namely, the digital design modulus of the steel structure, the node analysis of the steel structure, the digital production and construction of the steel structure. Through the application of BIM software, the architectural design can be synergized, and the building components can be informationized. Not only can the architectural design be feedback in the early stage, but also the stability of the construction can be guaranteed. In this way, the monitoring of the entire life cycle of the building and the meeting of customer needs can be realized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20architectures" title="digital architectures">digital architectures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BIM" title=" BIM"> BIM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20structure" title=" steel structure"> steel structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architectural%20design" title=" architectural design"> architectural design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107854/research-on-architectural-steel-structure-design-based-on-bim" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18736</span> Determine of Design Variables and Target Reliability Indexes of Underground Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yo-Seph%20Byun">Yo-Seph Byun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyu-Phil%20Lee"> Gyu-Phil Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Bin%20Park"> Young-Bin Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gye-Chun%20Cho"> Gye-Chun Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong-Won%20Lee"> Seong-Won Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Korea, a study on Limit State Design (LSD) for underground structures is being conducted in order to perform more effective design. In this study, as a result of MCS (Monte-Carlo Simulation) technique, failure probabilities of the structure during normal and earthquake are estimated in reliability analysis. Target reliability indexes are determined depending on load combinations for underground structure, and then, design variables such as load and material factors in LSD are decided. As a result, through the research in order to determine more reliable design variables, a specification of LSD for underground structures is able to be developed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20variable" title="design variable">design variable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20state%20design" title=" limit state design"> limit state design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=target%20reliability%20index" title=" target reliability index"> target reliability index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20structure" title=" underground structure"> underground structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90700/determine-of-design-variables-and-target-reliability-indexes-of-underground-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90700.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18735</span> Design and Production of Thin-Walled UHPFRC Footbridge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Tej">P. Tej</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Kn%C4%9B%C5%BE"> P. Kněž</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Blank"> M. Blank</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents design and production of thin-walled U-profile footbridge made of UHPFRC. The main structure of the bridge is one prefabricated shell structure made of UHPFRC with dispersed steel fibers without any conventional reinforcement. The span of the bridge structure is 10 m and the clear width of 1.5 m. The thickness of the UHPFRC shell structure oscillated in an interval of 30-45 mm. Several calculations were made during the bridge design and compared with the experiments. For the purpose of verifying the calculations, a segment of 1.5 m was first produced, followed by the whole footbridge for testing. After the load tests were done, the design was optimized to cast the final footbridge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=footbridge" title="footbridge">footbridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20analysis" title=" non-linear analysis"> non-linear analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shell%20structure" title=" shell structure"> shell structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UHPFRC" title=" UHPFRC"> UHPFRC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ultra-High%20Performance%20Fibre%20Reinforced%20Concrete" title=" Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete"> Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96546/design-and-production-of-thin-walled-uhpfrc-footbridge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18734</span> The Application of Artificial Neural Network for Bridge Structures Design Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angga%20S.%20Fajar">Angga S. Fajar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Aminullah"> A. Aminullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Kiyono"> J. Kiyono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20A.%20Safitri"> R. A. Safitri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses about the application of ANN for optimizing of bridge structure design. ANN has been applied in various field of science concerning prediction and optimization. The structural optimization has several benefit including accelerate structural design process, saving the structural material, and minimize self-weight and mass of structure. In this paper, there are three types of bridge structure that being optimized including PSC I-girder superstructure, composite steel-concrete girder superstructure, and RC bridge pier. The different optimization strategy on each bridge structure implement back propagation method of ANN is conducted in this research. The optimal weight and easier design process of bridge structure with satisfied error are achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20structures" title="bridge structures">bridge structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANN" title=" ANN"> ANN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back%20propagation" title=" back propagation"> back propagation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58189/the-application-of-artificial-neural-network-for-bridge-structures-design-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18733</span> Improved Whale Algorithm Based on Information Entropy and Its Application in Truss Structure Optimization Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serges%20Mendomo%20%20Meye">Serges Mendomo Meye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Guowei"> Li Guowei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shen%20Zhenzhong"> Shen Zhenzhong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gan%20Lei"> Gan Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Liqun"> Xu Liqun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Given the limitations of the original whale optimization algorithm (WAO) in local optimum and low convergence accuracy in truss structure optimization problems, based on the fundamental whale algorithm, an improved whale optimization algorithm (SWAO) based on information entropy is proposed. The information entropy itself is an uncertain measure. It is used to control the range of whale searches in path selection. It can overcome the shortcomings of the basic whale optimization algorithm (WAO) and can improve the global convergence speed of the algorithm. Taking truss structure as the optimization research object, the mathematical model of truss structure optimization is established; the cross-sectional area of truss is taken as the design variable; the objective function is the weight of truss structure; and an improved whale optimization algorithm (SWAO) is used for optimization design, which provides a new idea and means for its application in large and complex engineering structure optimization design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20entropy" title="information entropy">information entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20optimization" title=" structural optimization"> structural optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=truss%20structure" title=" truss structure"> truss structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whale%20algorithm" title=" whale algorithm"> whale algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139986/improved-whale-algorithm-based-on-information-entropy-and-its-application-in-truss-structure-optimization-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18732</span> Static and Dynamic Analysis on a Buddhism Goddess Guanyin in Shuangyashan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gong%20Kangming">Gong Kangming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Caiqi"> Zhao Caiqi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-rise special-shaped structure, such as main frame structure of the statues, is one of the structure forms in irregular structure widely used. Due to the complex shape of the statue structure, with a large aspect ratio, its wind load value and the overall mechanical properties are very different from the high-rise buildings with the general rules. The paper taking a certain 48 meters high main frame structure of the statue located in Shuangyashan City, Heilongjiang Province, static and dynamic properties are analyzed by the finite element software. Through static and dynamic analysis, it got a number of useful conclusions that have a certain reference value for the analysis and design of the future similar structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a%20Buddhism%20goddess%20Guanyin%20body" title="a Buddhism goddess Guanyin body">a Buddhism goddess Guanyin body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20load" title=" wind load"> wind load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20analysis" title=" dynamic analysis"> dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bolster" title=" bolster"> bolster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=node%20design" title=" node design"> node design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31816/static-and-dynamic-analysis-on-a-buddhism-goddess-guanyin-in-shuangyashan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31816.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">467</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18731</span> Multi-objective Rationality Optimisation for Robotic-fabrication-oriented Free-form Timber Structure Morphology Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiping%20Meng">Yiping Meng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiming%20Sun"> Yiming Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The traditional construction industry is unable to meet the requirements for novel fabrication and construction. Automated construction and digital design have emerged as industry development trends that compensate for this shortcoming under the backdrop of Industrial Revolution 4.0. Benefitting from more flexible working space and more various end-effector tools compared to CNC methods, robot fabrication and construction techniques have been used in irregular architectural design. However, there is a lack of a systematic and comprehensive design and optimisation workflow considering geometric form, material, and fabrication methods. This paper aims to propose a design optimisation workflow for improving the rationality of a free-form timber structure fabricated by the robotic arm. Firstly, the free-form surface is described by NURBS, while its structure is calculated using the finite element analysis method. Then, by considering the characteristics and limiting factors of robotic timber fabrication, strain energy and robustness are set as optimisation objectives to optimise structural morphology by gradient descent method. As a result, an optimised structure with axial force as the main force and uniform stress distribution is generated after the structure morphology optimisation process. With the decreased strain energy and the improved robustness, the generated structure's bearing capacity and mechanical properties have been enhanced. The results prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optimisation workflow for free-form timber structure morphology design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotic%20fabrication" title="robotic fabrication">robotic fabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free-form%20timber%20structure" title=" free-form timber structure"> free-form timber structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multi-objective%20optimisation" title=" Multi-objective optimisation"> Multi-objective optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Structural%20morphology" title=" Structural morphology"> Structural morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20design" title=" rational design"> rational design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140664/multi-objective-rationality-optimisation-for-robotic-fabrication-oriented-free-form-timber-structure-morphology-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18730</span> Knitting Stitches’ Manipulation for Catenary Textile Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Virginia%20Melnyk">Virginia Melnyk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the design for catenary structure using knitted textiles. Using the advantages of Grasshopper and Kangaroo parametric software to simulate and pre-design an overall form, the design is then translated to a pattern that can be made with hand manipulated stitches on a knitting machine. The textile takes advantage of the structure of knitted materials and the ability for it to stretch. Using different types of stitches to control the amount of stretch that can occur in portions of the textile generates an overall formal design. The textile is then hardened in an upside-down hanging position and then flipped right-side-up. This then becomes a structural catenary form. The resulting design is used as a small Cat House for a cat to sit inside and climb on top of. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architectural%20materials" title="architectural materials">architectural materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catenary%20structures" title=" catenary structures"> catenary structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knitting%20fabrication" title=" knitting fabrication"> knitting fabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20design" title=" textile design"> textile design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133410/knitting-stitches-manipulation-for-catenary-textile-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18729</span> Uncovering the Complex Structure of Building Design Process Based on Royal Institute of British Architects Plan of Work</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fawaz%20A.%20Binsarra">Fawaz A. Binsarra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halim%20Boussabaine"> Halim Boussabaine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The notion of complexity science has been attracting the interest of researchers and professionals due to the need of enhancing the efficiency of understanding complex systems dynamic and structure of interactions. In addition, complexity analysis has been used as an approach to investigate complex systems that contains a large number of components interacts with each other to accomplish specific outcomes and emerges specific behavior. The design process is considered as a complex action that involves large number interacted components, which are ranked as design tasks, design team, and the components of the design process. Those three main aspects of the building design process consist of several components that interact with each other as a dynamic system with complex information flow. In this paper, the goal is to uncover the complex structure of information interactions in building design process. The Investigating of Royal Institute of British Architects Plan Of Work 2013 information interactions as a case study to uncover the structure and building design process complexity using network analysis software to model the information interaction will significantly enhance the efficiency of the building design process outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complexity" title="complexity">complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process" title=" process"> process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20desgin" title=" building desgin"> building desgin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riba" title=" Riba"> Riba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20complexity" title=" design complexity"> design complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title=" network"> network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20analysis" title=" network analysis"> network analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26370/uncovering-the-complex-structure-of-building-design-process-based-on-royal-institute-of-british-architects-plan-of-work" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18728</span> Composite Laminate and Thin-Walled Beam Correlations for Aircraft Wing Box Design </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20J.%20M.%20Mohd%20Saleh">S. J. M. Mohd Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Guo"> S. Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Composite materials have become an important option for the primary structure of aircraft due to their design flexibility and ability to improve the overall performance. At present, the option for composite usage in aircraft component is largely based on experience, knowledge, benchmarking and partly market driven. An inevitable iterative design during the design stage and validation process will increase the development time and cost. This paper aims at presenting the correlation between laminate and composite thin-wall beam structure, which contains the theoretical and numerical investigations on stiffness estimation of composite aerostructures with applications to aircraft wings. Classical laminate theory and thin-walled beam theory were applied to define the correlation between 1-dimensional composite laminate and 2-dimensional composite beam structure, respectively. Then FE model was created to represent the 3-dimensional structure. A detailed study on stiffness matrix of composite laminates has been carried out to understand the effects of stacking sequence on the coupling between extension, shear, bending and torsional deformation of wing box structures for 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional structures. Relationships amongst composite laminates and composite wing box structures of the same material have been developed in this study. These correlations will be guidelines for the design engineers to predict the stiffness of the wing box structure during the material selection process and laminate design stage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft%20design" title="aircraft design">aircraft design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft%20structures" title=" aircraft structures"> aircraft structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classical%20lamination%20theory" title=" classical lamination theory"> classical lamination theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20structures" title=" composite structures"> composite structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminate%20theory" title=" laminate theory"> laminate theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20design" title=" structural design"> structural design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin-walled%20beam%20theory" title=" thin-walled beam theory"> thin-walled beam theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wing%20box%20design" title=" wing box design "> wing box design </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80552/composite-laminate-and-thin-walled-beam-correlations-for-aircraft-wing-box-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18727</span> Structural Analysis and Detail Design of APV Module Structure Using Topology Optimization Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Kyu%20Cho">Hyun Kyu Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Soo%20Kim"> Jun Soo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Hoon%20Lee"> Young Hoon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Hoon%20Kang"> Sang Hoon Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Chul%20Park"> Young Chul Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the study, structure for one of offshore drilling system APV(Air Pressure Vessle) modules was designed by using topology optimum design and performed structural safety evaluation according to DNV rules. 3D model created base on design area and non-design area separated by using topology optimization for the environmental loads. This model separated 17 types for wind loads and dynamic loads and performed structural analysis evaluation for each model. As a result, the maximum stress occurred 181.25MPa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=APV" title="APV">APV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topology%20optimum%20design" title=" topology optimum design"> topology optimum design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNV" title=" DNV"> DNV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20analysis" title=" structural analysis"> structural analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53957/structural-analysis-and-detail-design-of-apv-module-structure-using-topology-optimization-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18726</span> Structure Design of Vacuum Vessel with Large Openings for Spacecraft Thermal Vacuum Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Xiao">Han Xiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruan%20Qi"> Ruan Qi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Lei"> Zhang Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qi%20Yan"> Qi Yan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Space environment simulator is a facility used to conduct thermal test for spacecraft, and vacuum vessel is the main body of it. According to the requirements for thermal tests of the spacecraft and its solar array panels, the primary vessel and the side vessels are designed to be a combinative structure connected with aperture, which ratio reaches 0.7. Since the vacuum vessel suffers 0.1MPa external pressure during the process of thermal test, in order to ensure the simulator’s reliability and safety, it’s necessary to calculate the vacuum vessel’s intensity and stability. Based on the impact of large openings to vacuum vessel structure, this paper explored the reinforce design and analytical way of vacuum vessel with large openings, using a large space environment simulator’s vacuum vessel design as an example. Tests showed that the reinforce structure is effective to fulfill the requirements of external pressure and the gravity. This ensured the reliability of the space environment simulator, providing a guarantee for developing the spacecraft. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20vessel" title="vacuum vessel">vacuum vessel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20opening" title=" large opening"> large opening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20environment%20simulator" title=" space environment simulator"> space environment simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure%20design" title=" structure design"> structure design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10540/structure-design-of-vacuum-vessel-with-large-openings-for-spacecraft-thermal-vacuum-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18725</span> Evaluation of Structural Integrity for Composite Lattice Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae%20Moon%20Im">Jae Moon Im</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwang%20Bok%20Shin"> Kwang Bok Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Woo%20Lee"> Sang Woo Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, evaluation of structural integrity for composite lattice structure was conducted by compressive test. Composite lattice structure was manufactured by carbon fiber using filament winding method. In order to evaluate the structural integrity of composite lattice structure, compressive test was done using anti-buckling fixture. The delamination occurred 84 Tons of compressive load. It was found that composite lattice structure satisfied the design requirements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20material" title="composite material">composite material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20test" title=" compressive test"> compressive test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lattice%20structure" title=" lattice structure"> lattice structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20integrity" title=" structural integrity"> structural integrity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73662/evaluation-of-structural-integrity-for-composite-lattice-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">502</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18724</span> A Review on Design and Analysis of Structure Against Blast Forces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akshay%20Satishrao%20Kawtikwar">Akshay Satishrao Kawtikwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of blast masses on structures is an essential aspect that need to be considered. This type of assault could be very horrifying, who where we take it into consideration in the course of the design system. While designing a building, now not only the wind and seismic masses however also the consequences of the blast have to be take into consideration. Blast load is the burden implemented to a structure form a blast wave that comes straight away after an explosion. A blast in or close to a constructing can reason catastrophic harm to the interior and exterior of the building, inner structural framework, wall collapsing, and so on. The most important feature of blast resistant construction is the ability to absorb blast energy without causing catastrophic failure of the structure as a whole. Construction materials in blastprotective structures must have ductility as well as strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blast%20resistant%20design" title="blast resistant design">blast resistant design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blast%20load" title=" blast load"> blast load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explosion" title=" explosion"> explosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ETABS" title=" ETABS"> ETABS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158203/a-review-on-design-and-analysis-of-structure-against-blast-forces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18723</span> Study on Optimization Design of Pressure Hull for Underwater Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qasim%20Idrees">Qasim Idrees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gao%20Liangtian"> Gao Liangtian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Bo"> Liu Bo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miao%20Yiran"> Miao Yiran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the pressure hull structure, optimization of underwater vehicle based on response surface methodology, a method for optimizing the design of pressure hull structure was studied. To determine the pressure shell of five dimensions as a design variable, the application of thin shell theory and the Chinese Classification Society (CCS) specification was carried on the preliminary design. In order to optimize variables of the feasible region, different methods were studied and implemented such as Opt LHD method (to determine the design test sample points in the feasible domain space), parametric ABAQUS solution for each sample point response, and the two-order polynomial response for the surface model of the limit load of structures. Based on the ultimate load of the structure and the quality of the shell, the two-generation genetic algorithm was used to solve the response surface, and the Pareto optimal solution set was obtained. The final optimization result was 41.68% higher than that of the initial design, and the shell quality was reduced by about 27.26%. The parametric method can ensure the accuracy of the test and improve the efficiency of optimization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameterization" title="parameterization">parameterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface" title=" response surface"> response surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure%20optimization" title=" structure optimization"> structure optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20hull" title=" pressure hull"> pressure hull</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77052/study-on-optimization-design-of-pressure-hull-for-underwater-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18722</span> A Study on Golden Ratio (ф) and Its Implications on Seismic Design Using ETABS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishal%20A.%20S.%20Salelkar">Vishal A. S. Salelkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumitra%20S.%20Kandolkar"> Sumitra S. Kandolkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Golden ratio (ф) or Golden mean or Golden section, as it is often referred to, is a proportion or a mean, which is often used by architects while conceiving the aesthetics of a structure. Golden Ratio (ф) is an irrational number that can be roughly rounded to 1.618 and is derived out of quadratic equation x2-x-1=0. The use of Golden Ratio (ф) can be observed throughout history, as far as ancient Egyptians, which later peaked during the Greek golden age. The use of this design technique is very much prevalent. At present, architects around the world prefer this as one of the primary techniques to decide aesthetics. In this study, an analysis has been performed to investigate whether the use of the golden ratio while planning a structure has any effects on the seismic behavior of the structure. The structure is modeled and analyzed on ETABS (by Computers and Structures, Inc.) for Seismic requirements equivalent to Zone III (Region: Goa-India) as per Indian Standard Code IS-1893. The results were compared to that of an identical structure modeled along the lines of normal design philosophy, not using the Golden Ratio tools. The results were then compared for Story Shear, Story Drift, and Story Displacement Readings. Improvement in performance, although slight, but was observed. Similar improvements were also observed in subsequent iterations, performed using time-acceleration data of previous major earthquakes matched to Zone III as per IS-1893. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ETABS" title="ETABS">ETABS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=golden%20ratio" title=" golden ratio"> golden ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20design" title=" seismic design"> seismic design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20behavior" title=" structural behavior"> structural behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129401/a-study-on-golden-ratio-f-and-its-implications-on-seismic-design-using-etabs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18721</span> Structural Optimization Method for 3D Reinforced Concrete Building Structure with Shear Wall</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Nikzad">H. Nikzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Yoshitomi"> S. Yoshitomi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an optimization procedure is applied for 3D Reinforced concrete building structure with shear wall.  In the optimization problem, cross sections of beams, columns and shear wall dimensions are considered as design variables and the optimal cross sections can be derived to minimize the total cost of the structure. As for final design application, the most suitable sections are selected to satisfy ACI 318-14 code provision based on static linear analysis. The validity of the method is examined through numerical example of 15 storied 3D RC building with shear wall.  This optimization method is expected to assist in providing a useful reference in design early stage, and to be an effective and powerful tool for structural design of RC shear wall structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20optimization" title="structural optimization">structural optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20static%20analysis" title=" linear static analysis"> linear static analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ETABS" title=" ETABS"> ETABS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20moment%20frame" title=" RC moment frame"> RC moment frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20shear%20wall%20structures" title=" RC shear wall structures"> RC shear wall structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77143/structural-optimization-method-for-3d-reinforced-concrete-building-structure-with-shear-wall" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18720</span> Design and Optimization of Composite Canopy Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prakash%20Kattire">Prakash Kattire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Pathare"> Rahul Pathare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nilesh%20Tawde"> Nilesh Tawde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A canopy is an overhead roof structure generally used at the entrance of a building to provide shelter from rain and sun and may also be used for decorative purposes. In this paper, the canopy structure to cover the conveyor line has been studied. Existing most of the canopy structures are made of steel and glass, which makes a heavier structure, so the purpose of this study is to weight and cost optimization of the canopy. To achieve this goal, the materials of construction considered are Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) natural composite, Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP), and Structural steel Fe250. Designing and modeling were done in Solid works, whereas Altair Inspire software was used for the optimization of the structure. Through this study, it was found that there is a total 10% weight reduction in the structure with sufficient reserve for structural strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canopy" title="canopy">canopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRP" title=" FRP"> FRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVC" title=" PVC"> PVC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167283/design-and-optimization-of-composite-canopy-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18719</span> Non-Linear Static Pushover Analysis of 15 Storied Reinforced Concrete Building Structure with Shear Wall</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Nikzad">Hamid Nikzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinta%20Yoshitomi"> Shinta Yoshitomi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, nonlinear static pushover analysis is performed on 15 storied RC building structure with a shear wall to evaluate the seismic performance of the building. Section sizes of the members are obtained based on structural optimization method utilizing MATLAB frame optimizer, then the structure is simulated and designed in ETABS program conforming ACI 318-14 design code. The pushover curve has been generated by pushing the top node of the structure to the limited target displacement. Members failure due to the formation of plastic hinges, considering shear wall-frame structure was observed and the result of this study is presented based on current regulation of FEMA356, ASCE7-10, and ACI 318-14 design criteria <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20optimization" title="structural optimization">structural optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20static%20analysis" title=" linear static analysis"> linear static analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ETABS" title=" ETABS"> ETABS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20moment%20frame" title=" RC moment frame"> RC moment frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20shear%20wall%20structures" title=" RC shear wall structures"> RC shear wall structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95712/non-linear-static-pushover-analysis-of-15-storied-reinforced-concrete-building-structure-with-shear-wall" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18718</span> Motor Controller Implementation Using Model Based Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cau%20Tran">Cau Tran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tu%20Nguyen"> Tu Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tien%20Pham"> Tien Pham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Model-based design (MBD) is a mathematical and visual technique for addressing design issues in the fields of communications, signal processing, and complicated control systems. It is utilized in several automotive, aerospace, industrial, and motion control applications. Virtual models are at the center of the software development process with model based design. A method used in the creation of embedded software is model-based design. In this study, the LAT motor is modeled in a simulation environment, and the LAT motor control is designed with a cascade structure, a speed and current control loop, and a controller that is used in the next part. A PID structure serves as this controller. Based on techniques and motor parameters that match the design goals, the PID controller is created for the model using traditional design principles. The MBD approach will be used to build embedded software for motor control. The paper will be divided into three distinct sections. The first section will introduce the design process and the benefits and drawbacks of the MBD technique. The design of control software for LAT motors will be the main topic of the next section. The experiment's results are the subject of the last section. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20based%20design" title="model based design">model based design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limited%20angle%20torque" title=" limited angle torque"> limited angle torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property%20core" title=" intellectual property core"> intellectual property core</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardware%20description%20language" title=" hardware description language"> hardware description language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controller%20area%20network" title=" controller area network"> controller area network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20datagram%20protocol" title=" user datagram protocol"> user datagram protocol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159211/motor-controller-implementation-using-model-based-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18717</span> Towards a Systematic Evaluation of Web Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivayla%20Trifonova">Ivayla Trifonova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naoum%20Jamous"> Naoum Jamous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holger%20Schr%C3%B6dl"> Holger Schrödl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A good web design is a prerequisite for a successful business nowadays, especially since the internet is the most common way for people to inform themselves. Web design includes the optical composition, the structure, and the user guidance of websites. The importance of each website leads to the question if there is a way to measure its usefulness. The aim of this paper is to suggest a methodology for the evaluation of web design. The desired outcome is to have an evaluation that is concentrated on a specific website and its target group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation%20methodology" title="evaluation methodology">evaluation methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factor%20analysis" title=" factor analysis"> factor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=target%20group" title=" target group"> target group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20design" title=" web design"> web design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22417/towards-a-systematic-evaluation-of-web-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">633</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18716</span> Design of Broadband Power Divider for 3G and 4G Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20El-Akhdar">A. M. El-Akhdar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20El-Tager"> A. M. El-Tager</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20M.%20El-Hennawy"> H. M. El-Hennawy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a broadband power divider with equal power division ratio. Two sections of transmission line transformers based on coupled microstrip lines are applied to obtain broadband performance. In addition, design methodology is proposed for the novel structure. A prototype is designed, simulated to operate in the band from 2.1 to 3.8 GHz to fulfill the requirements of 3G and 4G applications. The proposed structure features reduced size and less resistors than other conventional techniques. Simulation verifies the proposed idea and design methodology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20dividers" title="power dividers">power dividers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupled%20lines" title=" coupled lines"> coupled lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip" title=" microstrip"> microstrip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4G%20applications" title=" 4G applications"> 4G applications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14924/design-of-broadband-power-divider-for-3g-and-4g-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">477</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18715</span> Productivity and Structural Design of Manufacturing Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryspek%20Usubamatov">Ryspek Usubamatov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tan%20San%20Chin"> Tan San Chin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarken%20Kapaeva"> Sarken Kapaeva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Productivity of the manufacturing systems depends on technological processes, a technical data of machines and a structure of systems. Technology is presented by the machining mode and data, a technical data presents reliability parameters and auxiliary time for discrete production processes. The term structure of manufacturing systems includes the number of serial and parallel production machines and links between them. Structures of manufacturing systems depend on the complexity of technological processes. Mathematical models of productivity rate for manufacturing systems are important attributes that enable to define best structure by criterion of a productivity rate. These models are important tool in evaluation of the economical efficiency for production systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title="productivity">productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure" title=" structure"> structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing%20systems" title=" manufacturing systems"> manufacturing systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20design" title=" structural design"> structural design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3403/productivity-and-structural-design-of-manufacturing-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">584</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18714</span> Generativism in Language Design and Their Effects on String of Constructions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Uchechukwu%20Gilbert">Christian Uchechukwu Gilbert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Generativism in language design investigates the framework on which varying sentence structures are built in the English language. Propounded by Noam Chomsky in 1965, the theory transforms sentences from an active structure to a passive one by the application of established rules of the theory. Resident in the body of syntax, the rules include movement, insertion, substitution, and deletion rules. Using the movement rule, the analysis is armed with the qualitative research method, on which the works of scholars were duly consulted for more insight and in line with the academic practice in research activities. The investigation showed that the rules of competent grammar explain the formulation of sentences in a language and how transformation takes place among sentences from a deep structure to a surface structure with accurate results. The structural differences that could be got through dative movement and the deletion of the preposition; passivisation got from an active sentence by the insertion of the preposition “by” a “be verb” and the aspect tense marker “–en”, held as the creative aspect of language vocabulary and the subject-auxiliary inversion that exchanges the auxiliary of a sentence with the subject of the same sentence thereby transforming a kennel sentence to a polar question, viewed as an external argument under θ-theory. Generativism in language design, therefore, changes available types of sentences and relates one form of linguistic category with others in language design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title="language">language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generate" title=" generate"> generate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation" title=" transformation"> transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure" title=" structure"> structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180413/generativism-in-language-design-and-their-effects-on-string-of-constructions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18713</span> Mutual Coupling Reduction between Patch Antenna Array Elements Using Metamaterial Z Shaped Resonators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oossama%20Tabbabi">Oossama Tabbabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mondher%20Labidi"> Mondher Labidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fethi%20Choubani"> Fethi Choubani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20David"> J. David</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern wireless communication systems require compact design, low cost and simple structure antennas to insure reliability, agility, and high efficiency characteristics. This paper presents a microstrip antenna array designed for 8 GHz applications. To reduce the mutual coupling effects, a Z shape metamaterial structure was imprinted in the microstrip antenna array composed of two elements. Simulation results show the improvement of mutual coupling by adding Z shape metamaterial structure to the antenna substrate. The proposed structure reduces mutual coupling by 19 dB. The simulation has been performed by using HFSS simulator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20array" title="antenna array">antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compact%20design" title=" compact design"> compact design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20wireless%20communication" title=" modern wireless communication"> modern wireless communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutual%20coupling%20effects" title=" mutual coupling effects"> mutual coupling effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42228/mutual-coupling-reduction-between-patch-antenna-array-elements-using-metamaterial-z-shaped-resonators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18712</span> Design of a Vehicle Door Structure Based on Finite Element Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tawanda%20Mushiri">Tawanda Mushiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Mbohwa"> Charles Mbohwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of door assembly is very significant for the vehicle design. In the present paper, the finite element method is used in the development processes of the door assembly. The stiffness, strength, modal characteristic, and anti-extrusion of a newly developed passenger vehicle door assembly are calculated and evaluated by several finite element analysis commercial software. The structural problems discovered by FE analysis have been modified and finally achieved the expected door structure performance target of this new vehicle. The issue in focus is to predict the performance of the door assembly by powerful finite element analysis software, and optimize the structure to meet the design targets. It is observed that this method can be used to forecast the performance of vehicle door efficiently when it’s designed. In order to reduce lead time and cost in the product development of vehicles more development will be made virtually. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20door" title="vehicle door">vehicle door</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure" title=" structure"> structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness" title=" stiffness"> stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20characteristic" title=" modal characteristic"> modal characteristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-extrusion" title=" anti-extrusion"> anti-extrusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Finite%20Element%20Method" title=" Finite Element Method"> Finite Element Method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13002/design-of-a-vehicle-door-structure-based-on-finite-element-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18711</span> Design of Structure for a Heavy-Duty Mineral Tow Machine by Evaluating the Dynamic and Static Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Akhondizadeh">M. Akhondizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Khajoei"> Mohsen Khajoei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Khajoei"> Mojtaba Khajoei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the present work was the design of a towing machine which was decided to be manufactured by Arman Gohar-e-Sirjan company in the Gol-e-Gohar iron ore complex in Iran. The load analysis has been conducted to determine the static and dynamic loads at the critical conditions. The inertial forces due to the velocity increment and road bump have been considered in load evaluation. The form of loading of the present machine is hauling and/or conveying the mineral machines on the mini ramp. Several stages of these forms of loading, from the initial touch of the tow and carried machine to the final position, have been assessed to determine the critical state. The stress analysis has been performed by the ANSYS software. Several geometries for the main load-carrying elements have been analyzed to have the optimum design by the minimum weight of the structure. Finally, a structure with a total weight of 38 tons has been designed with a static load-carrying capacity of 80 tons by considering the 40 tons additional capacity for dynamic effects. The stress analysis for 120 tons load gives the minimum safety factor of 1.18. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20design" title="mechanical design">mechanical design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20analysis" title=" stress analysis"> stress analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tow%20structure" title=" tow structure"> tow structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20load" title=" dynamic load"> dynamic load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20load" title=" static load"> static load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149887/design-of-structure-for-a-heavy-duty-mineral-tow-machine-by-evaluating-the-dynamic-and-static-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18710</span> Identifying Dynamic Structural Parameters of Soil-Structure System Based on Data Recorded during Strong Earthquakes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahidreza%20Mahmoudabadi">Vahidreza Mahmoudabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omid%20Bahar"> Omid Bahar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Kazem%20Jafari"> Mohammad Kazem Jafari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In many applied engineering problems, structural analysis is usually conducted by assuming a rigid bed, while imposing the effect of structure bed flexibility can affect significantly on the structure response. This article focuses on investigation and evaluation of the effects arising from considering a soil-structure system in evaluation of dynamic characteristics of a steel structure with respect to elastic and inelastic behaviors. The recorded structure acceleration during Taiwan’s strong Chi-Chi earthquake on different floors of the structure was our evaluation criteria. The respective structure is an eight-story steel bending frame structure designed using a displacement-based direct method assuring weak beam - strong column function. The results indicated that different identification methods i.e. reverse Fourier transform or transfer functions, is capable to determine some of the dynamic parameters of the structure precisely, rather than evaluating all of them at once (mode frequencies, mode shapes, structure damping, structure rigidity, etc.). Response evaluation based on the input and output data elucidated that the structure first mode is not significantly affected, even considering the soil-structure interaction effect, but the upper modes have been changed. Also, it was found that the response transfer function of the different stories, in which plastic hinges have occurred in the structure components, provides similar results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20steel%20frame%20structure" title="bending steel frame structure">bending steel frame structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20characteristics" title=" dynamic characteristics"> dynamic characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement-based%20design" title=" displacement-based design"> displacement-based design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-structure%20system" title=" soil-structure system"> soil-structure system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20identification" title=" system identification"> system identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69286/identifying-dynamic-structural-parameters-of-soil-structure-system-based-on-data-recorded-during-strong-earthquakes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18709</span> Shape-Changing Structure: A Prototype for the Study of a Dynamic and Modular Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annarita%20Zarrillo">Annarita Zarrillo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is part of adaptive architecture, reflecting the evolution that the world of architectural design is going through. Today's architecture is no longer seen as a static system but, conversely, as a dynamic system that changes in response to the environment and the needs of users. One of the major forms of adaptivity is represented by kinetic structures. This study aims to underline the importance of experimentation on physical scale models for the study of dynamic structures and to present the case study of a modular kinetic structure designed through the use of parametric design software and created as a prototype in the laboratories of the Royal Danish Academy in Copenhagen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20architecture" title="adaptive architecture">adaptive architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architectural%20application" title=" architectural application"> architectural application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic%20structures" title=" kinetic structures"> kinetic structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modular%20prototype" title=" modular prototype"> modular prototype</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125135/shape-changing-structure-a-prototype-for-the-study-of-a-dynamic-and-modular-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18708</span> Displacement Based Design of a Dual Structural System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romel%20Cordova%20Shedan">Romel Cordova Shedan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The traditional seismic design is the methodology of Forced Based Design (FBD). The Displacement Based Design (DBD) is a seismic design that considers structural damage to achieve a failure mechanism of the structure before the collapse. It is easier to quantify damage of a structure with displacements rather than forces. Therefore, a structure to achieve an inelastic displacement design with good ductility, it is necessary to be damaged. The first part of this investigation is about differences between the methodologies of DBD and FBD with some DBD advantages. In the second part, there is a study case about a dual building 5-story, which is regular in plan and elevation. The building is located in a seismic zone, which acceleration in firm soil is 45% of the acceleration of gravity. Then it is applied both methodologies into the study case to compare its displacements, shear forces and overturning moments. In the third part, the Dynamic Time History Analysis (DTHA) is done, to compare displacements with DBD and FBD methodologies. Three accelerograms were used and the magnitude of the acceleration scaled to be spectrum compatible with design spectrum. Then, using ASCE 41-13 guidelines, the hinge plastics were assigned to structure. Finally, both methodologies results about study case are compared. It is important to take into account that the seismic performance level of the building for DBD is greater than FBD method. This is due to drifts of DBD are in the order of 2.0% and 2.5% comparing with FBD drifts of 0.7%. Therefore, displacements of DBD is greater than the FBD method. Shear forces of DBD result greater than FBD methodology. These strengths of DBD method ensures that structure achieves design inelastic displacements, because those strengths were obtained due to a displacement spectrum reduction factor which depends on damping and ductility of the dual system. Also, the displacements for the study case for DBD results to be greater than FBD and DTHA. In that way, it proves that the seismic performance level of the building for DBD is greater than FBD method. Due to drifts of DBD which are in the order of 2.0% and 2.5% compared with little FBD drifts of 0.7%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement-based%20design" title="displacement-based design">displacement-based design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement%20spectrum%20reduction%20factor" title=" displacement spectrum reduction factor"> displacement spectrum reduction factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20time%20history%20analysis" title=" dynamic time history analysis"> dynamic time history analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20based%20design" title=" forced based design"> forced based design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95510/displacement-based-design-of-a-dual-structural-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure%20design&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure%20design&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure%20design&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure%20design&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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