Accelerator Report: Lead ions at the heart of the accelerator complex

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script>var _paq = _paq || [];(function(){var u=(("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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The SPS super cycle containing two lead-ion cycles destined for the SPS North Area experiments. The white line represents the electric current in the main dipole magnet, which is proportional to the energy of the beam. The blue line represents the number of lead ions in the machine. For this beam, the SPS received four injections from the PS. The slow extraction of the lead ions to the North Area can be seen in the gradual decline of the blue line during the “flat-top” phase (see pink arrows). (Image: CERN) That same morning, the LHC successfully completed its proton–proton (p–p) reference run, colliding protons at 2.68 TeV to calibrate the machine ahead of the lead-ion run. Despite an electrical disturbance that caused an early beam dump at 9.51 a.m., all objectives for the p–p reference run were achieved. Following this special run, LHC experts made some final adjustments to prepare for lead-ion operations. Among many other steps, loss maps were produced to ensure the integrity and alignment of the collimator hierarchy, confirming the machine’s readiness for lead-ion collisions. On 6 November, the LHC was filled with 119 lead-ion bunches per beam, which were then brought into collision, marking the official start of the lead-ion physics run. This initial 119-bunch configuration was the first step in a five-phase intensity ramp-up, with the aim of reaching a full machine with 1240 bunches per beam by 10 November. At each stage of this intensity ramp-up, equipment experts validated the process using detailed checklists. Each phase required at least two injections and five hours of stable beam operation. During the intensity ramp-up, all four LHC experiments conducted Van der Meer scans to calibrate their luminosity measurements, ensuring accurate data for this lead-ion run, which is scheduled to end on 25 November. LHC page 1. In the left-hand graph, in black is the beam energy, in blue the beam intensity of the clockwise rotating lead-ion bunches, and in red the beam intensity of the counterclockwise rotating lead-ion bunches. The right-hand graph shows the instantaneous luminosity in the four experiments: blue for ATLAS, magenta for ALICE, black for CMS and red for LHCb. Note the quick decrease in intensity, which means that for the lead-ion run the LHC needs to be filled more frequently. (Image: CERN) On 13 November, the third and final facility started its lead-ion physics run. For the next two and a half weeks, the HEARTS experiments, located in the PS East Area, will receive lead ions for their tests. HEARTS@CERN is part of the EU-funded HEARTS (High-Energy Accelerators for Radiation Testing and Shielding) project, which aims to provide access to high-energy heavy-ion radiation testing facilities for space exploitation and space exploration. This project addresses the growing need to test commercial electronic components and modules for use in space. By adjusting the energy levels, scientists and engineers can study the effects of different ion interaction depths and ionisation levels on electronic devices. The HEARTS cycle in the PS. The yellow line represents the energy of the lead-ion beam and the blue line the number of lead ions. During the flat-top phase, the lead ions are slowly extracted toward the PS East Area, a process that takes approximately one second. (Image: CERN) To meet the rigorous beam requirements of the HEARTS experiments, several lead-ion cycles have been carefully developed and optimised in recent weeks at the PS. The lead-ion beams produced using these cycles are slow-extracted from the PS in one-second-long spills and delivered to the T8 beam line in the East Area. With optimised transfer line optics, these beams provide uniform irradiation across sample areas of a few square centimetres. For each experiment, researchers and radiation effects engineers can choose from six different energy levels (by varying the PS energy and local degradation) and can adjust the spill intensity within three orders of magnitude, which is necessary to successfully test the large range of electronics sensitivity. HEARTS, like the experiments in the SPS North Area, will end its physics run on 2 December." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/images//file?size=medium" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The scheduled four-week lead-ion physics run began at the SPS North Area on 4 November and has since been progressing smoothly, with outstanding machine availability. The SPS super cycle containing two lead-ion cycles destined for the SPS North Area experiments. The white line represents the electric current in the main dipole magnet, which is proportional to the energy of the beam. The blue line represents the number of lead ions in the machine. For this beam, the SPS received four injections from the PS. The slow extraction of the lead ions to the North Area can be seen in the gradual decline of the blue line during the “flat-top” phase (see pink arrows). (Image: CERN) That same morning, the LHC successfully completed its proton–proton (p–p) reference run, colliding protons at 2.68 TeV to calibrate the machine ahead of the lead-ion run. Despite an electrical disturbance that caused an early beam dump at 9.51 a.m., all objectives for the p–p reference run were achieved. Following this special run, LHC experts made some final adjustments to prepare for lead-ion operations. Among many other steps, loss maps were produced to ensure the integrity and alignment of the collimator hierarchy, confirming the machine’s readiness for lead-ion collisions. On 6 November, the LHC was filled with 119 lead-ion bunches per beam, which were then brought into collision, marking the official start of the lead-ion physics run. This initial 119-bunch configuration was the first step in a five-phase intensity ramp-up, with the aim of reaching a full machine with 1240 bunches per beam by 10 November. At each stage of this intensity ramp-up, equipment experts validated the process using detailed checklists. Each phase required at least two injections and five hours of stable beam operation. During the intensity ramp-up, all four LHC experiments conducted Van der Meer scans to calibrate their luminosity measurements, ensuring accurate data for this lead-ion run, which is scheduled to end on 25 November. LHC page 1. In the left-hand graph, in black is the beam energy, in blue the beam intensity of the clockwise rotating lead-ion bunches, and in red the beam intensity of the counterclockwise rotating lead-ion bunches. The right-hand graph shows the instantaneous luminosity in the four experiments: blue for ATLAS, magenta for ALICE, black for CMS and red for LHCb. Note the quick decrease in intensity, which means that for the lead-ion run the LHC needs to be filled more frequently. (Image: CERN) On 13 November, the third and final facility started its lead-ion physics run. For the next two and a half weeks, the HEARTS experiments, located in the PS East Area, will receive lead ions for their tests. HEARTS@CERN is part of the EU-funded HEARTS (High-Energy Accelerators for Radiation Testing and Shielding) project, which aims to provide access to high-energy heavy-ion radiation testing facilities for space exploitation and space exploration. This project addresses the growing need to test commercial electronic components and modules for use in space. By adjusting the energy levels, scientists and engineers can study the effects of different ion interaction depths and ionisation levels on electronic devices. The HEARTS cycle in the PS. The yellow line represents the energy of the lead-ion beam and the blue line the number of lead ions. During the flat-top phase, the lead ions are slowly extracted toward the PS East Area, a process that takes approximately one second. (Image: CERN) To meet the rigorous beam requirements of the HEARTS experiments, several lead-ion cycles have been carefully developed and optimised in recent weeks at the PS. The lead-ion beams produced using these cycles are slow-extracted from the PS in one-second-long spills and delivered to the T8 beam line in the East Area. With optimised transfer line optics, these beams provide uniform irradiation across sample areas of a few square centimetres. For each experiment, researchers and radiation effects engineers can choose from six different energy levels (by varying the PS energy and local degradation) and can adjust the spill intensity within three orders of magnitude, which is necessary to successfully test the large range of electronics sensitivity. HEARTS, like the experiments in the SPS North Area, will end its physics run on 2 December." /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@cern" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Accelerator Report: Lead ions at the heart of the accelerator complex" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/images//file?size=medium" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://home.cern/news/news/accelerators/accelerator-report-lead-ions-heart-accelerator-complex" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://home.cern/fr/news/news/accelerators/accelerator-report-lead-ions-heart-accelerator-complex" /> <title>Accelerator Report: 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href="/news/press-release/cern/blowing-out-70-candles-cern-celebrates-seven-decades-discoveries-and-looks" hreflang="en" title="Blowing out 70 candles: CERN celebrates seven decades of discoveries and looks ahead to a brilliant future of science and innovation"> <span> Blowing out 70 candles: CERN celebrates seven... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Press release </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-10-01T10:00:00Z">1 October, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <p class="cern-btn"><a class="cern-btn" href="/news?audience=23">Latest news</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-0 col-sm-0 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 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The final lead-ion user in the PS East Area started its physics run on 13 November </p> <div class="news-node-full-content-created-date-author"> <p class="news-node-full-content-created_date"> <time datetime="2024-11-14T07:55:00Z">14 November, 2024</time> </p> <p class="news-node-full-content-pipe ml-1 mr-1"> | </p> <p class="news-node-full-content-author"> By <a href="/authors/rende-steerenberg" hreflang="en">Rende Steerenberg</a><a href="/authors/bettina-mikulec" hreflang="en">Bettina Mikulec</a> </p> </div> <div class="news-node-full-content-image mt-2"> </div> <div class="news-node-full-content-body clearfix full-html-markup full-text-animation"> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px">The scheduled four-week lead-ion physics run began at the SPS North Area on 4 November and has since been progressing smoothly, with outstanding machine availability.</p> <figure class="cds-image" id="CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2024-075-3"><a href="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2024-075-3" title="View on CDS"><img alt="home.cern,Accelerators" src="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2024-075-3/file?size=large"></a> <figcaption>The SPS super cycle containing two lead-ion cycles destined for the SPS North Area experiments. The white line represents the electric current in the main dipole magnet, which is proportional to the energy of the beam. The blue line represents the number of lead ions in the machine. For this beam, the SPS received four injections from the PS. The slow extraction of the lead ions to the North Area can be seen in the gradual decline of the blue line during the “flat-top” phase (see pink arrows).<span> (Image: CERN)</span></figcaption></figure> <p>That same morning, the LHC successfully completed its proton–proton (p–p) reference run, colliding protons at 2.68 TeV to calibrate the machine ahead of the lead-ion run. Despite an electrical disturbance that caused an early beam dump at 9.51 a.m., all objectives for the p–p reference run were achieved.</p> <p>Following this special run, LHC experts made some final adjustments to prepare for lead-ion operations. Among many other steps, loss maps were produced to ensure the integrity and alignment of the collimator hierarchy, confirming the machine’s readiness for lead-ion collisions.</p> <p>On 6 November, the LHC was filled with 119 lead-ion bunches per beam, which were then brought into collision, marking <a href="https://home.cern/news/news/experiments/heavy-ion-run-lhc-begins">the official start of the lead-ion physics run</a>. This initial 119-bunch configuration was the first step in a five-phase intensity ramp-up, with the aim of reaching a full machine with 1240 bunches per beam by 10 November. At each stage of this intensity ramp-up, equipment experts validated the process using detailed checklists. Each phase required at least two injections and five hours of stable beam operation. During the intensity ramp-up, all four LHC experiments conducted Van der Meer scans to calibrate their luminosity measurements, ensuring accurate data for this lead-ion run, which is scheduled to end on 25 November.</p> <figure class="cds-image" id="CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2024-075-1"><a href="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2024-075-1" title="View on CDS"><img alt="home.cern,Accelerators" src="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2024-075-1/file?size=large"></a> <figcaption>LHC page 1. In the left-hand graph, in black is the beam energy, in blue the beam intensity of the clockwise rotating lead-ion bunches, and in red the beam intensity of the counterclockwise rotating lead-ion bunches. The right-hand graph shows the instantaneous luminosity in the four experiments: blue for ATLAS, magenta for ALICE, black for CMS and red for LHCb. Note the quick decrease in intensity, which means that for the lead-ion run the LHC needs to be filled more frequently.<span> (Image: CERN)</span></figcaption></figure> <p>On 13 November, the third and final facility started its lead-ion physics run. For the next two and a half weeks, the HEARTS experiments, located in the PS East Area, will receive lead ions for their tests. HEARTS@CERN is part of the EU-funded <a href="https://hearts-project.eu/">HEARTS</a> (High-Energy Accelerators for Radiation Testing and Shielding) project, which aims to provide access to high-energy heavy-ion radiation testing facilities for space exploitation and space exploration. This project addresses the growing need to test commercial electronic components and modules for use in space. By adjusting the energy levels, scientists and engineers can study the effects of different ion interaction depths and ionisation levels on electronic devices.</p> <figure class="cds-image" id="CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2024-075-2"><a href="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2024-075-2" title="View on CDS"><img alt="home.cern,Accelerators" src="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2024-075-2/file?size=large"></a> <figcaption>The HEARTS cycle in the PS. The yellow line represents the energy of the lead-ion beam and the blue line the number of lead ions. During the flat-top phase, the lead ions are slowly extracted toward the PS East Area, a process that takes approximately one second.<span> (Image: CERN)</span></figcaption></figure> <p>To meet the rigorous beam requirements of the HEARTS experiments, several lead-ion cycles have been carefully developed and optimised in recent weeks at the PS. The lead-ion beams produced using these cycles are slow-extracted from the PS in one-second-long spills and delivered to the T8 beam line in the East Area. With optimised transfer line optics, these beams provide uniform irradiation across sample areas of a few square centimetres. For each experiment, researchers and radiation effects engineers can choose from six different energy levels (by varying the PS energy and local degradation) and can adjust the spill intensity within three orders of magnitude, which is necessary to successfully test the large range of electronics sensitivity.</p> <p>HEARTS, like the experiments in the SPS North Area, will end its physics run on 2 December.</p> </div> <div class="news-node-full-content-tags "> <a href="/tags/heavy-ion" hreflang="en">heavy ion</a><a href="/tags/lhc" hreflang="en">LHC</a><a href="/tags/north-area" hreflang="en">North Area</a><a href="/tags/east-area" hreflang="en">East Area</a><a href="/tags/sps" hreflang="en">SPS</a><a href="/tags/proton-synchrotron" hreflang="en">Proton Synchrotron</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sidebar-right col-md-3 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="region region-right"> <section class="views-element-container block block-views 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