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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alaska_and_Yukon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alaska_and_Yukon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Alaska and Yukon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alaska_and_Yukon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Current uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alaska_and_Yukon_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alaska_and_Yukon_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Alaska and Yukon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alaska_and_Yukon_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wildlife_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wildlife_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Wildlife conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wildlife_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Device used in rivers to catch fish</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fishwheel_on_the_Taku_River,_Alaska_May_5,_1908_(COBB_157).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Fishwheel_on_the_Taku_River%2C_Alaska_May_5%2C_1908_%28COBB_157%29.jpeg/300px-Fishwheel_on_the_Taku_River%2C_Alaska_May_5%2C_1908_%28COBB_157%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Fishwheel_on_the_Taku_River%2C_Alaska_May_5%2C_1908_%28COBB_157%29.jpeg/450px-Fishwheel_on_the_Taku_River%2C_Alaska_May_5%2C_1908_%28COBB_157%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Fishwheel_on_the_Taku_River%2C_Alaska_May_5%2C_1908_%28COBB_157%29.jpeg/600px-Fishwheel_on_the_Taku_River%2C_Alaska_May_5%2C_1908_%28COBB_157%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption>Fishwheel on the <a href="/wiki/Taku_River" title="Taku River">Taku River</a> in Alaska, May 1908, photo by <a href="/wiki/John_Nathan_Cobb" title="John Nathan Cobb">John Nathan Cobb</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wooden_Fish_Wheel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Wooden_Fish_Wheel.jpg/300px-Wooden_Fish_Wheel.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Wooden_Fish_Wheel.jpg/450px-Wooden_Fish_Wheel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Wooden_Fish_Wheel.jpg/600px-Wooden_Fish_Wheel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A wooden fish wheel out of the water.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>fish wheel</b>, also known as a <b>salmon wheel</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a device situated in rivers to catch fish which looks and operates like a <a href="/wiki/Watermill" title="Watermill">watermill</a>. However, in addition to paddles, a fish wheel is outfitted with wire baskets designed to catch and carry fish from the water and into a nearby holding tank. The current of the river presses against the submerged paddles and rotates the wheel, passing the baskets through the water where they intercept fish that are swimming or drifting. Naturally, a strong current is most effective in spinning the wheel, so fish wheels are typically situated in shallow rivers with brisk currents, close to rapids, or waterfalls.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The baskets are built at an outward-facing slant with an open end so the fish slide out of the opening and into the holding tank where they await collection.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yield is increased if fish swimming upstream are channeled toward the wheel by weirs. </p><p>Fish wheels were used on the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a> in Oregon by large commercial operations in the early twentieth century until they were banned by the U.S. government for their contribution to destroying the salmon population (see below).<sup id="cite_ref-Aguilar_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aguilar-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wheel's prevalent use in catching salmon, (in particular, salmon species <a href="/wiki/Chinook_salmon" title="Chinook salmon">Chinook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chum_salmon" title="Chum salmon">chum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coho_salmon" title="Coho salmon">coho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sockeye_salmon" title="Sockeye salmon">sockeye</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pink_salmon" title="Pink salmon">pink</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other <a href="/wiki/Anadromous" class="mw-redirect" title="Anadromous">anadromous</a> species of fish, has given fish wheels their second name as <i>salmon</i> wheels. Although salmon were prioritized by commercial fishers and Indigenous peoples (albeit for different reasons,) other fish such as <a href="/wiki/Steelhead_trout" class="mw-redirect" title="Steelhead trout">steelhead trout</a> (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Ooligan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ooligan">ooligan</a> (<i>Thaleichthys pacificus</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_lamprey" title="Pacific lamprey">Pacific lamprey</a> (<i>Entosphenus tridentatus</i>) were also considered valuable catch.<sup id="cite_ref-Aguilar_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aguilar-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the fish wheel is best known for its presence on the northwestern coast of North America, there is debate whether the technology arrived via Asian migrants who had come to labor in the gold fields,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Scottish and Russian migrants,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or was a potentially Scandinavian invention sometime during the turn of the twentieth century. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RV02Interior28.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/RV02Interior28.JPG/220px-RV02Interior28.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/RV02Interior28.JPG/330px-RV02Interior28.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/RV02Interior28.JPG/440px-RV02Interior28.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Fish wheel on display in Alaska. The sign reads that fish wheels originated in Scandinavia and were brought to Alaska by a man from Ohio in the late 1800s, but there is still debate over the wheel's origins</figcaption></figure> <p>The advent of fish wheel technology in the early twentieth century also drew interest from various First Nations communities of northwestern North America, as well as dog-sledders. Ultimately, the efficacy of the wheel proved an excellent means of subsistence for hungry <a href="/wiki/Sled_dog" title="Sled dog">sled dogs</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and humans alike,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and began to draw communities toward fertile rivers where they started using wheels to feed themselves. This changed routine hunting grounds for many communities including some Northern <a href="/wiki/Athabaskans" class="mw-redirect" title="Athabaskans">Athabaskans</a> who began to place more emphasis on fishing than hunting.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since this time, despite being a foreign technology, the fish wheel has become a culturally embedded tool for self-subsisting communities and Indigenous peoples of the northwestern area of North America; the latter of whom have incorporated it in some ways with their <a href="/wiki/Traditional_ecological_knowledge" title="Traditional ecological knowledge">traditional ecological knowledge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well, the fish wheels of today are enjoying a sort of beneficial renaissance wherein strict rules and regulations from both Canada and the United States have been instituted to restrict them in commercial uses and instead are encouraged as a means to feed small off-grid communities and in conservation efforts. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Salmon_significance_in_northwestern_North_America">Salmon significance in northwestern North America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_wheel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Salmon significance in northwestern North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The implementation of fish wheels in the Pacific Northwest at the dawn of the twentieth century made salmon a lucrative commodity for new settlers,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but they also significantly contributed to the destruction of various salmon populations along the coast. This not only impacted the environmental ecology of the area,<sup id="cite_ref-Disrupted_environment_by_industrialization_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Disrupted_environment_by_industrialization-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was also greatly problematic for the surrounding Indigenous communities,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as salmon have long been a culturally embedded food and species for such First Nations peoples for many reasons that can be seen in their traditions of smoking salmon meat, to clothing used in rituals, and the prominent featuring of salmon in First Nations art.<sup id="cite_ref-Importance_of_Salmon_in_Indigenous_Communities_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Importance_of_Salmon_in_Indigenous_Communities-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unique life cycle of salmon—wherein the fish migrate from the ocean up rivers to spawn and die, and whose spawn repeats the cycle by returning to the ocean to mature<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—made for an interesting source of food, in particular because different species of salmon spawn at different times during the year, and in different rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-Salmon_Behaviours_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salmon_Behaviours-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, as a food not omnipresent throughout the year, the coming of new salmon journeying up rivers to spawn was a celebration. Despite the variance of cultural traditions between the many coastal tribes of the Northwest, this celebration, known as the <i>First Salmon Ceremony</i>, is a ceremony that all such communities share in common, and all rejoice in the return of the salmon.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-First_Salmon_Ceremony_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-First_Salmon_Ceremony-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such a dependence on the return of these fish made Indigenous communities of the coast sensitive to the healthy procreation of journeying salmon, and in this way, just as the return of salmon heralded a season of harvest, it also cautioned fishermen to reap only a selective number, so there was enough salmon left to spawn and ultimately return the following year. This model of seasonal adherence and moderation made for a dependably renewable food source, and a naturally sustainable relationship between people and salmon.<sup id="cite_ref-Sarak_K._Campbell,_Archeological_Evidence..._21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarak_K._Campbell,_Archeological_Evidence...-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With this in mind, <a href="/wiki/Traditional_ecological_knowledge" title="Traditional ecological knowledge">traditional ecological knowledge</a> of Indigenous peoples is increasingly becoming an important topic of conversation in addressing policy-related issues of environmental <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Policy-making_for_sustainability_re:_TEK_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Policy-making_for_sustainability_re:_TEK-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Co-management_to_save_BC_salmon_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Co-management_to_save_BC_salmon-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Industrialized fishing brought about by Euro-American settlers in the late nineteenth century not only greatly disturbed the <a href="/wiki/Food_sovereignty" title="Food sovereignty">food sovereignty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food security</a> of local Indigenous communities, but was interpreted by these communities as both disrespectful to the salmon, and also their way of life. This,<sup id="cite_ref-Activism_against_salmon_farming_in_the_pacific_northwest_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Activism_against_salmon_farming_in_the_pacific_northwest-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among many other things,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contributed to tensions between Indigenous, and non-Indigenous communities of the Northwest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_in_northwestern_North_America">History in northwestern North America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_wheel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History in northwestern North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Columbia_River,_Oregon"><span id="Columbia_River.2C_Oregon"></span>Columbia River, Oregon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_wheel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Columbia River, Oregon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish_wheel_on_the_Columbia_River,_circa_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fish_wheel_on_the_Columbia_River%2C_circa_1910.jpg/220px-Fish_wheel_on_the_Columbia_River%2C_circa_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fish_wheel_on_the_Columbia_River%2C_circa_1910.jpg/330px-Fish_wheel_on_the_Columbia_River%2C_circa_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fish_wheel_on_the_Columbia_River%2C_circa_1910.jpg/440px-Fish_wheel_on_the_Columbia_River%2C_circa_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>A hand-tinted postcard of a fish wheel on the lower Columbia River around 1910.</figcaption></figure> <p>The abundance of salmon in the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a> of Oregon state made the area popular to Euro-American traders and business-people in the nineteenth century, those whom quickly anchored a profitable business of trade with Indigenous communities, riverboats, and steamships traveling along the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_coast" title="Pacific coast">Pacific coast</a>. However, the landscape of trade changed drastically with the boom of the Industrial Revolution and the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Pacific_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Pacific Railroad">Northern Pacific Railroad</a> to Oregon in 1883. The revolution also brought with it new technologies in <a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">food preservation</a>—canning, in particular—and consequently, new types of entrepreneurs who saw opportunity in the Columbia River as grounds to establish salmon canneries. These companies placed their factories strategically at the beginning of the salmon's upstream migration, when the fish were not yet weakened and wounded from their journey. This, however, meant for captured salmon that had yet to spawn, which would prove greatly injurious to the population.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the 1880s, thirty canning companies had been erected, and brought with them new harvesting techniques, including <a href="/wiki/Seine_fishing" title="Seine fishing">shore seining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gillnetting" title="Gillnetting">gillnets</a>, and fish wheels. The wheels, in particular, were tremendously effective in the churning waters of the Columbia. One fish wheel, for example, recorded a catch of 227,000 pounds of salmon in one day in 1894. By 1900, seventy-six fish wheels had been erected between the Cascades, <a href="/wiki/Celilo_Falls" title="Celilo Falls">Celilo Falls</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/The_Dalles,_Oregon" title="The Dalles, Oregon">Dalles Rapids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1911 marked the highest year of harvest at forty-seven million pounds of fish, but also drew attention to a rapidly declining salmon population. The efficacy of fish wheels made them unpopular with other fishers on the Columbia, including Indigenous communities dispossessed of their traditional hunting grounds, downriver gillnetters, and even sport fishers who found the wheels ignoble.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contrariwise, the fish wheel operators pointed blame at the gillnetting fleets for being responsible for destroying the salmon population. The argument grew heated and drew the attention of conservationists and government officials who soon joined the conversation, and eventually legislation to limit salmon harvest was enacted, including restrictions on gillnets, and the prohibition of fish wheels, which were officially outlawed in Oregon by 1926 and in Washington in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The legal battle entitled <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Winans" title="United States v. Winans">United States v. Winans</a></i> exemplifies the climate of Indigenous relationships with the state at the time, in regards to land and water dispossession by the encroaching establishment of such fishing industries. The United States had recently entered into several treaties with certain First Nations tribes of the Pacific Northwest wherein land occupied by the First Nations was taken by the state in exchange for monetary compensation and small land reserves ("reservations") where said tribal communities were guaranteed the security of practicing their cultural traditions—including hunting and fishing.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With these treaties newly in place, fishing and canning companies were free to erect their industries on what was once Indigenous land. Brothers Lineas and Audubon Winans, for example, established a state-licensed fish wheel operation near Celilo Falls in the 1890s, which devastated the local salmon run that was otherwise of critical importance to tribes situated downstream, such as the <a href="/wiki/Umatilla_Indian_Reservation" title="Umatilla Indian Reservation">Umatilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yakama" title="Yakama">Yakama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nez Perce people">Nez Perce</a> peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, under the protection of these newly-established treaties, the Winans brothers' operation also legally and forcibly prohibited passage to these Indigenous peoples to their traditional fishing grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battle was fought by First Nations peoples against the state to reinstate rights to their lands whereupon the Washington State Court ruled for the Winans on the basis of their exclusive rights to private property. In response, the Indigenous community brought suit to enjoin the brothers' operation to cease using their fish wheel.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alaska_and_Yukon">Alaska and Yukon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_wheel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Alaska and Yukon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1949, a man running a fish wheel some twenty miles south of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Yukon,_Alaska" title="Fort Yukon, Alaska">Fort Yukon</a> sparked a small gold rush when he discovered pea-sized nuggets of gold caught in the baskets of the wheel, and a local radio station caught the news. Bush aircraft brought many prospectors who set up a camp along eight miles of the Yukon River, which included a small coffee shop and a clothing store, and set about panning the river bed. Unfortunately, no gold was found, and all but two of the initial nuggets were discovered to be brass. Those two that were gold were suspected to have belonged to the remains of an old prospector's cache, and were reported to have been only worth two dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_uses">Current uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_wheel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Current uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alaska_and_Yukon_2">Alaska and Yukon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_wheel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alaska and Yukon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Alaska and the Yukon Territory, the harvest of salmon is important for self-subsisting communities and individuals for both people and dog sled teams. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game will allocate permits for the use of fish wheels in such personal circumstances, but under strict rules and regulations, and only in specific areas of the <a href="/wiki/Chitina_River" title="Chitina River">Chitina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copper_River_(Alaska)" title="Copper River (Alaska)">Copper</a> rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given these rivers traverse between the countries of Canada and The United States, state-sanctioned rules and regulations between Alaska and the Yukon are similar. Additionally, given the precarious situation of the local salmon population and its importance to Indigenous communities, community-driven initiatives like the Yukon River Panel offer critical suggestions to government policy-makers in both countries that consider the cultural relevance of salmon, and the importance in conserving their species. For example, one of many initiatives driven forward by this panel is a program for First Nations youth that involves, among many other traditional interactions with salmon, instruction in operating a fish wheel.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RV02Interior39.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/RV02Interior39.JPG/220px-RV02Interior39.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/RV02Interior39.JPG/330px-RV02Interior39.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/RV02Interior39.JPG/440px-RV02Interior39.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A fishing camp in Alaska, complete with drying shed and bear-proof cache on stilts</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wildlife_conservation">Wildlife conservation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_wheel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Wildlife conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Alaska Department of Fish and Game currently employs nine fish wheels situated along the <a href="/wiki/Yukon_River" title="Yukon River">Yukon River</a> to help quantify the population of migrating salmon species,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as does the <a href="/wiki/Nisga%27a" title="Nisga'a">Nisga'a</a> Fisheries Board, with wheels in the <a href="/wiki/Nass_River" title="Nass River">Nass River</a> of British Columbia.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife also uses fish wheels for salmon stock assessment, and does not permit the use of them for commercial gain.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, multiple studies have found that this method of live-capture, where the fish were kept for periods of time in holding tanks, then physically handled in marking procedures, initiated stress in released specimens, and ultimately impeded their ability to swim upstream.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an effort to mitigate the stress induced in these procedures, from 2001 to 2003, researchers tested the implementation of an event-triggered video-recording system on fish wheels in Alaska's Yukon River drainage. In these systems, captured fish would trigger a camera shutter which would document every fish that passed through the wheel thereby removing the need for human handling. In these experiments, this method also demonstrated an improvement in fish-counting accuracy, however the cost of the video-recording equipment makes implementation on a large scale restrictive.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_wheel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_ecological_knowledge" title="Traditional ecological knowledge">Traditional ecological knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athabaskan_languages" title="Athabaskan languages">Athabaskan languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_salmon" title="Smoked salmon">Smoked salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_First_Nations_treaties_in_British_Columbia" title="Status of First Nations treaties in British Columbia">Status of First Nations treaties in British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artisanal_fishing" title="Artisanal fishing">Artisanal fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_grabbing" title="Land grabbing">Land grabbing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_wheel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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.citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionary.com/browse/salmon-wheel">"Fish Wheel"</a>. <i>Dictionary.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary.com&rft.atitle=Fish+Wheel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fsalmon-wheel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeufert1981" class="citation book cs1">Seufert, Francis (1981). <i>Wheels of Fortune</i>. Oregon: Oregon Historical Society Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0875950693" title="Special:BookSources/978-0875950693"><bdi>978-0875950693</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wheels+of+Fortune&rft.place=Oregon&rft.pub=Oregon+Historical+Society+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0875950693&rft.aulast=Seufert&rft.aufirst=Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wdfw.wa.gov/fishing/commercial/selective/methods.html">"Fish and Shellfishing -- Commercial Selective Fishing Methods"</a>. <i>Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Department+of+Fish+and+Wildlife&rft.atitle=Fish+and+Shellfishing+--+Commercial+Selective+Fishing+Methods&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwdfw.wa.gov%2Ffishing%2Fcommercial%2Fselective%2Fmethods.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aguilar-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aguilar_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aguilar_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAguilar2005" class="citation book cs1">Aguilar, George Jr. (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whenriverranwild0000agui"><i>When the River Ran Wild! Indian Traditions on the Mid-Columbia and the Warm Springs Reservation</i></a></span>. Portland: Oregon Historical Society Press and University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0295984841" title="Special:BookSources/978-0295984841"><bdi>978-0295984841</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+the+River+Ran+Wild%21+Indian+Traditions+on+the+Mid-Columbia+and+the+Warm+Springs+Reservation&rft.pub=Portland%3A+Oregon+Historical+Society+Press+and+University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0295984841&rft.aulast=Aguilar&rft.aufirst=George+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhenriverranwild0000agui&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCope" class="citation book cs1">Cope, Robert G. "12: Pacific Coast Salmon". <i>Our Living Oceans</i> (6 ed.). Seattle, Washington: NMFS Northwest Fisheries Science Center. pp. 181–188.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=12%3A+Pacific+Coast+Salmon&rft.btitle=Our+Living+Oceans&rft.place=Seattle%2C+Washington&rft.pages=181-188&rft.edition=6&rft.pub=NMFS+Northwest+Fisheries+Science+Center&rft.aulast=Cope&rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray1992" class="citation journal cs1">Murray, David W. (Spring 1992). "Self-Sufficiency and the Creation of Dependency: The Case of Chief Isaac, Inc". <i>American Indian Quarterly</i>. <b>16</b> (2): 169–188. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1185428">10.2307/1185428</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1185428">1185428</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Indian+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Self-Sufficiency+and+the+Creation+of+Dependency%3A+The+Case+of+Chief+Isaac%2C+Inc&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=169-188&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1185428&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1185428%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFair2007" class="citation book cs1">Fair, Susan W. (2007). <i>Alaska Native Art: Tradition, Innovation, and Continuity</i>. University of Alaska Press. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1889963822" title="Special:BookSources/978-1889963822"><bdi>978-1889963822</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alaska+Native+Art%3A+Tradition%2C+Innovation%2C+and+Continuity&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=University+of+Alaska+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1889963822&rft.aulast=Fair&rft.aufirst=Susan+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"The Vanishing World of Trapper Joe Delia". <i>Time</i>. Vol. 96, no. 4. 1970. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-781X">0040-781X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Vanishing+World+of+Trapper+Joe+Delia&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=58&rft.date=1970&rft.issn=0040-781X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2017" class="citation journal cs1">Brooks, Amanda (Summer 2017). "Coming up Aces: Matt Hall's Journey from Trapline Kid to Yukon Quest Champion". <i>Mushing Magazine</i>: 34–39. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0895-9668">0895-9668</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mushing+Magazine&rft.atitle=Coming+up+Aces%3A+Matt+Hall%27s+Journey+from+Trapline+Kid+to+Yukon+Quest+Champion&rft.ssn=summer&rft.pages=34-39&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=0895-9668&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox1999" class="citation journal cs1">Fox, Robyn (Oct–Dec 1999). "Down the Yukon". <i>Australian Geographic</i> (56): 19. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0816-1658">0816-1658</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Geographic&rft.atitle=Down+the+Yukon&rft.issue=56&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1999-10%2F1999-12&rft.issn=0816-1658&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanstone1979" class="citation book cs1">Vanstone, James W. (1979). <i>Ingalik Contact Ecology: An Ethnohistory of the Lower-Middle Yukon, 1790-1935</i>. Vol. 71. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History. pp. 168–74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1178600568" title="Special:BookSources/978-1178600568"><bdi>978-1178600568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ingalik+Contact+Ecology%3A+An+Ethnohistory+of+the+Lower-Middle+Yukon%2C+1790-1935&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=168-74&rft.pub=Field+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-1178600568&rft.aulast=Vanstone&rft.aufirst=James+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yukonriverpanel.com/">"Yukon River Panel"</a>. <i>Yukon River Panel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Seattle: University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0295977775" title="Special:BookSources/978-0295977775"><bdi>978-0295977775</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+River+of+the+West%3A+Essays+on+the+Columbia+River&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0295977775&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rft.au=Carriker%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLang" class="citation web cs1">Lang, William L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/columbia_river/#.WoDvyktG2_s">"Columbia River"</a>. <i>The Oregon Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregon+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Columbia+River&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foregonencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2Fcolumbia_river%2F%23.WoDvyktG2_s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/443/658/case.html">"Washington v. Washington State Commercial Passenger Fishing Vessel Association, 443 U.S. 658 (1979)"</a>. <i>JUSTIA US Supreme Court</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JUSTIA+US+Supreme+Court&rft.atitle=Washington+v.+Washington+State+Commercial+Passenger+Fishing+Vessel+Association%2C+443+U.S.+658+%281979%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupreme.justia.com%2Fcases%2Ffederal%2Fus%2F443%2F658%2Fcase.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2005" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, Charles (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bloodstruggleris00wilk/page/160"><i>Blood Struggle: The Rise of Modern Indian Nations</i></a></span>. Norton, W.W. and Company, Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bloodstruggleris00wilk/page/160">160</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-05149-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-05149-0"><bdi>978-0-393-05149-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blood+Struggle%3A+The+Rise+of+Modern+Indian+Nations&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Norton%2C+W.W.+and+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-393-05149-0&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbloodstruggleris00wilk%2Fpage%2F160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery2004" class="citation book cs1">Montgomery, David (2004). <i>King of Fish: The Thousand Year Run of Salmon</i>. Basic Books. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-4299-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-4299-3"><bdi>978-0-8133-4299-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+of+Fish%3A+The+Thousand+Year+Run+of+Salmon&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-4299-3&rft.aulast=Montgomery&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinsLomawaima2002" class="citation book cs1">Wilkins, David; <a href="/wiki/K._Tsianina_Lomawaima" title="K. Tsianina Lomawaima">Lomawaima, K. Tsianina</a> (2002). <i>Uneven Ground: American Indian Sovereignty and Federal Law</i>. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-3395-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-3395-9"><bdi>978-0-8061-3395-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uneven+Ground%3A+American+Indian+Sovereignty+and+Federal+Law&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-3395-9&rft.aulast=Wilkins&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Lomawaima%2C+K.+Tsianina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Gold Rush". <i>Time</i>. Vol. 54, no. 19. November 7, 1949. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-781X">0040-781X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Gold+Rush&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1949-11-07&rft.issn=0040-781X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=PersonalUsebyAreaInteriorChitina.regs">"Personal Use Fishing"</a>. <i>Alaska Department of Fish and Game</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alaska+Department+of+Fish+and+Game&rft.atitle=Personal+Use+Fishing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adfg.alaska.gov%2Findex.cfm%3Fadfg%3DPersonalUsebyAreaInteriorChitina.regs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2015" class="citation journal cs1">Jenkins, David (November 2015). "Impacts of neoliberal policies on non-market fishing economies on the Yukon River, Alaska". <i>Marine Policy</i>. <b>61</b>: 356–365. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.marpol.2014.12.004">10.1016/j.marpol.2014.12.004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Policy&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+neoliberal+policies+on+non-market+fishing+economies+on+the+Yukon+River%2C+Alaska&rft.volume=61&rft.pages=356-365&rft.date=2015-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.marpol.2014.12.004&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnivelyCorsiglia1997" class="citation journal cs1">Snively, Gloria; Corsiglia, John (Summer 1997). "Knowing home: NisGa'a traditional knowledge and wisdom improve environmental decision making". <i>Alternatives Journal</i>. <b>23</b> (3): 22–27. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1205-7398">1205-7398</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alternatives+Journal&rft.atitle=Knowing+home%3A+NisGa%27a+traditional+knowledge+and+wisdom+improve+environmental+decision+making&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=22-27&rft.date=1997&rft.issn=1205-7398&rft.aulast=Snively&rft.aufirst=Gloria&rft.au=Corsiglia%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBromaghinUnderwood2003" class="citation journal cs1">Bromaghin, J.F.; Underwood, T.J. (2003). "Evidence of residual effects from tagging Yukon River fall chum salmon in 2001". <i>Alaska Fisheries Technical Report</i> (67). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0275-5947">0275-5947</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alaska+Fisheries+Technical+Report&rft.atitle=Evidence+of+residual+effects+from+tagging+Yukon+River+fall+chum+salmon+in+2001&rft.issue=67&rft.date=2003&rft.issn=0275-5947&rft.aulast=Bromaghin&rft.aufirst=J.F.&rft.au=Underwood%2C+T.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCleary2003" class="citation thesis cs1">Cleary, P.M. (2003). <i>Effects of fish wheels on fall chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta: nonesterized fatty acids and plasma indices of stress</i> (Thesis). Master's Thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11122%2F6337">11122/6337</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Effects+of+fish+wheels+on+fall+chum+salmon+Oncorhynchus+keta%3A+nonesterized+fatty+acids+and+plasma+indices+of+stress&rft.inst=Master%27s+Thesis%2C+University+of+Alaska%2C+Fairbanks&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11122%2F6337&rft.aulast=Cleary&rft.aufirst=P.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaum2005" class="citation journal cs1">Daum, David W. (February 2005). "Monitoring Fish Wheel Catch Using Event-Triggered Video Technology". <i>North American Journal of Fisheries Management</i>. <b>25</b> (1): 322–328. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1577%2FM04-086.1">10.1577/M04-086.1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+American+Journal+of+Fisheries+Management&rft.atitle=Monitoring+Fish+Wheel+Catch+Using+Event-Triggered+Video+Technology&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=322-328&rft.date=2005-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1577%2FM04-086.1&rft.aulast=Daum&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_wheel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fish_wheels" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fish wheels">Fish wheels</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trondekheritage.com/images/photo-galleries/woman_at_fish_wheel.jpg">Fish wheel photo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlink.com/flyfishing/historicphotos/fishwheel.html">Photographs of historic Oregon fish wheels</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYnPr6n1tjo">Video of a fish wheel in Chitina, Alaska</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fishing_equipment_and_methods" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fishing_tackle" title="Template:Fishing tackle"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fishing_tackle" title="Template talk:Fishing tackle"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fishing_tackle" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fishing tackle"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fishing_equipment_and_methods" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Fishing equipment and methods</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fishing_tackle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_tackle" title="Fishing tackle">Fishing tackle</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fish_hook" title="Fish hook">Fish hook</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circle_hook" title="Circle hook">Circle hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_gaff" title="Fishing gaff">Gaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hookset" class="mw-redirect" title="Hookset">Hookset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sniggle" title="Sniggle">Sniggle</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Float-tube-pikeangler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Float-tube-pikeangler.jpg/140px-Float-tube-pikeangler.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Float-tube-pikeangler.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_line" title="Fishing line">Fishing line</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braided_fishing_line" title="Braided fishing line">Braided</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fishing_knots" title="Category:Fishing knots">Knots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monofilament_fishing_line" title="Monofilament fishing line">Monofilament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multifilament_fishing_line" title="Multifilament fishing line">Multifilament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_pro" title="Power pro">Power pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_swivel" title="Fishing swivel">Swivel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_sinker" title="Fishing sinker">Fishing sinker</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arlesey_Bomb" title="Arlesey Bomb">Arlesey Bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombarda" title="Bombarda">Bombarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downrigger" title="Downrigger">Downrigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandsinker" title="Sandsinker">Sandsinker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_rod" title="Fishing rod">Fishing rod</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_fly_rod" title="Bamboo fly rod">Bamboo fly rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_reel" title="Fishing reel">Fishing reel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_rod_tapers" title="Fishing rod tapers">Fishing rod tapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_rod_building" title="Fly rod building">Fly rod building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_bait" title="Fishing bait">Fishing bait</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bait_fish" title="Bait fish">Bait fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boilie" title="Boilie">Boilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumming" title="Chumming">Chum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonk_(fishing)" title="Clonk (fishing)">Clonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundbait" title="Groundbait">Groundbait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermicompost" title="Vermicompost">Vermicompost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worm_charming" title="Worm charming">Worm charming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Soft_plastic_bait" title="Soft plastic bait">Plastic bait</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deadsticking" title="Deadsticking">Deadsticking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_worm" title="Plastic worm">Plastic worm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_lure" title="Fishing lure">Fishing lures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_fly" title="Artificial fly">Artificial fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heddon_(brand)" title="Heddon (brand)">Heddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Cleo" title="Little Cleo">Little Cleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormyshka" title="Mormyshka">Mormyshka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Floater" title="Original Floater">Original Floater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_(fishing)" title="Plug (fishing)">Plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabiki" title="Sabiki">Sabiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinnerbait" title="Spinnerbait">Spinnerbait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoon_lure" title="Spoon lure">Spoon lure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoonplug" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoonplug">Spoonplug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_lure" title="Surface lure">Surface lure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimbait" title="Swimbait">Swimbait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topwater_fishing_lure" title="Topwater fishing lure">Topwater lure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zara_Spook" title="Zara Spook">Zara Spook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Bite_indicator" title="Bite indicator">Bite indicators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_float" title="Fishing float">Fishing float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellet_waggler" title="Pellet waggler">Pellet waggler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortfloating" title="Shortfloating">Shortfloating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiver_tip" title="Quiver tip">Quiver tip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Rig_(fishing)" title="Rig (fishing)">Fishing rig</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_rig" title="Carolina rig">Carolina rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chod_rig" title="Chod rig">Chod rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropshotting" title="Dropshotting">Drop shot rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_rig" title="Hair rig">Hair rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_rig" title="Texas rig">Texas rig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Apparel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creel_(basket)" title="Creel (basket)">Creel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_mask" title="Diving mask">Diving mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_boot" title="Hip boot">Hip boot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_flotation_device" title="Personal flotation device">Personal flotation device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snorkeling#The_snorkel" title="Snorkeling">Snorkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waders_(footwear)" title="Waders (footwear)">Waders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetsuit" title="Wetsuit">Wetsuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_stringer" title="Fish stringer">Fish stringer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tackle_box_(fishing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tackle box (fishing)">Tackle box</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fishing_techniques" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_techniques" title="Fishing techniques">Fishing techniques</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Gathering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone#Sport_harvesting" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ama_(diving)" title="Ama (diving)">Ama divers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clam_digging" title="Clam digging">Clam digging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flounder_tramping" title="Flounder tramping">Flounder tramping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_seafood_by_hand" class="mw-redirect" title="Gathering seafood by hand">Gathering seafood by hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noodling" title="Noodling">Noodling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_hunting" title="Pearl hunting">Pearl hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop_aquaculture" title="Scallop aquaculture">Scallop aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout_binning" title="Trout binning">Trout binning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout_tickling" title="Trout tickling">Trout tickling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Spears</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowfishing" title="Bowfishing">Bowfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigging" title="Gigging">Gigging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">Harpoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_sling" title="Hawaiian sling">Hawaiian sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polespear" title="Polespear">Polespear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearfishing" title="Spearfishing">Spearfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speargun" title="Speargun">Speargun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trident" title="Trident">Trident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_line" title="Fishing line">Fishing lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angling" title="Angling">Angling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropline" title="Dropline">Dropline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Drum lines">Drum lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handline_fishing" title="Handline fishing">Handline fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiggerpole" title="Jiggerpole">Jiggerpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigging" title="Jigging">Jigging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_fishing" title="Jug fishing">Jug fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longline_fishing" title="Longline fishing">Longline fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_fishing" title="Spin fishing">Spin fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip-up_(ice_fishing)" title="Tip-up (ice fishing)">Tip-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolling_(fishing)" title="Trolling (fishing)">Trolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotline" title="Trotline">Trotline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_net" title="Fishing net">Fishing nets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cast_net" title="Cast net">Cast net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_fishing_nets" title="Chinese fishing nets">Cheena vala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drift_netting" title="Drift netting">Drift net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_net" title="Ghost net">Ghost nets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillnetting" title="Gillnetting">Gill net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_float" title="Glass float">Glass floats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haaf_net_fishing" title="Haaf net fishing">Haaf net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_net" title="Hand net">Hand net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_jigger" title="Ice jigger">Ice jigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampara_net" title="Lampara net">Lampara net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampuki_netting" title="Lampuki netting">Lampuki net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lave_net" title="Lave net">Lave net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lift_net" title="Lift net">Lift net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salambaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Salambaw">Salambaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seine_fishing" title="Seine fishing">Seine net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrounding_net" title="Surrounding net">Surrounding net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangle_net" title="Tangle net">Tangle net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trawling" title="Trawling">Trawl net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_excluder_device" title="Turtle excluder device">Turtle excluder device</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fish_trap" title="Fish trap">Fish traps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almadraba" title="Almadraba">Almadraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrier_net" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrier net">Barrier net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corf" title="Corf">Corf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_trap" title="Crab trap">Crab trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-Heart_of_Stacked_Stones" title="Double-Heart of Stacked Stones">Double-Heart of Stacked Stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_buck" title="Eel buck">Eel buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_corral" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish corral">Fish corral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_nest" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish nest">Fish nest</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fish wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_basket" title="Fishing basket">Fishing basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_weir" title="Fishing weir">Fishing weir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_trap" title="Lobster trap">Lobster trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putcher_fishing" title="Putcher fishing">Putcher fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabucco" title="Trabucco">Trabucco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basnig" title="Basnig">Basnig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blast_fishing" title="Blast fishing">Blast fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormorant_fishing" title="Cormorant fishing">Cormorant fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanide_fishing" title="Cyanide fishing">Cyanide fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_dredge" title="Fishing dredge">Dredging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrofishing" title="Electrofishing">Electrofishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_pulse_fishing" title="Electric pulse fishing">Electric pulse fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_aggregating_device" title="Fish aggregating device">Fish aggregating device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_toxins" title="Fish toxins">Fish toxins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishfinder" title="Fishfinder">Fishfinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_light_attractor" title="Fishing light attractor">Fishing light attractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flosser" title="Flosser">Flossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_fishing" title="Ice fishing">Ice fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_fishing" title="Kite fishing">Kite fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muro-ami" class="mw-redirect" title="Muro-ami">Muro-ami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_fishing" title="Otter fishing">Otter fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa-aling" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa-aling">Pa-aling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payaos" class="mw-redirect" title="Payaos">Payaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_baiting" title="Shrimp baiting">Shrimp baiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snagging" title="Snagging">Snagging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fisheries_and_fishing_topic_areas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fisheries_and_fishing" title="Template:Fisheries and fishing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fisheries_and_fishing" title="Template talk:Fisheries and fishing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fisheries_and_fishing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fisheries and fishing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fisheries_and_fishing_topic_areas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">Fisheries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> topic areas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">Fisheries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_of_fish" title="Diversity of fish">Diversity of fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_diseases_and_parasites" title="Fish diseases and parasites">Fish diseases and parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">Fish farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">Fisheries management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_science" title="Fisheries science">Fisheries science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_fishing_quota" title="Individual fishing quota">Individual fishing quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">Sustainable fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">Wild fisheries</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg/140px-Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg/210px-Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg/280px-Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1736" data-file-height="1172" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">Fishing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artisanal_fishing" title="Artisanal fishing">Artisanal fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisherman" title="Fisherman">Fisherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel" title="Fishing vessel">Fishing vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fishing" title="History of fishing">History of fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry" title="Fishing industry">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_harvested_aquatic_animals_by_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="List of harvested aquatic animals by weight">List of harvested aquatic animals by weight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_by_country" title="Fishing industry by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_marketing" title="Fish marketing">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_market" title="Fish market">Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_processing" title="Fish processing">Processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_products" title="Fish products">Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">Seafood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recreational_fishing" title="Recreational fishing">Recreation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angling" title="Angling">Angling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big-game_fishing" title="Big-game fishing">Big-game fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_and_release" title="Catch and release">Catch and release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_tournament" title="Fishing tournament">Fishing tournaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_fishing" title="Fly fishing">Fly fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_techniques" title="Fishing techniques">Techniques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_trap" title="Fish trap">Fish trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishfinder" title="Fishfinder">Fishfinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_net" title="Fishing net">Fishing net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_seafood_by_hand" class="mw-redirect" title="Gathering seafood by hand">Gathering seafood by hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handline_fishing" title="Handline fishing">Handline fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearfishing" title="Spearfishing">Spearfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trawling" title="Trawling">Trawling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolling_(fishing)" title="Trolling (fishing)">Trolling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_tackle" title="Fishing tackle">Tackle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_fly" title="Artificial fly">Artificial flies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_bait" title="Fishing bait">Bait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bite_indicator" title="Bite indicator">Bite indicators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_hook" title="Fish hook">Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_line" title="Fishing line">Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_lure" title="Fishing lure">Lures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_rod" title="Fishing rod">Rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_sinker" title="Fishing sinker">Sinker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_pond" title="Fish pond">Fish ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_bank_(topography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean bank (topography)">Fishing banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_village" title="Fishing village">Fishing villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_habitat" title="Marine habitat">Marine habitats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_fishery_terms" title="Glossary of fishery terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_fishing_articles" title="Index of fishing articles">Index</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_fishing" title="Outline of fishing">Outline</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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