<?xml version="1.0"?> <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en"> <id>http://ethw.org/w/api.php?hidebots=1&amp;days=7&amp;limit=50&amp;hidecategorization=1&amp;action=feedrecentchanges&amp;feedformat=atom</id> <title>ETHW - Recent changes [en]</title> <link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://ethw.org/w/api.php?hidebots=1&amp;days=7&amp;limit=50&amp;hidecategorization=1&amp;action=feedrecentchanges&amp;feedformat=atom"/> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/Special:RecentChanges"/> <updated>2017-07-09T20:47:21Z</updated> <subtitle>Track the most recent changes to the wiki in this feed.</subtitle> <generator>MediaWiki 1.27.1</generator> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=First-Hand:Surfing_the_Waves_of_Technological_Change._Part_Two&amp;diff=155462&amp;oldid=155458</id> <title>First-Hand:Surfing the Waves of Technological Change. Part Two</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=First-Hand:Surfing_the_Waves_of_Technological_Change._Part_Two&amp;diff=155462&amp;oldid=155458"/> <updated>2017-07-08T21:39:32Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Technical Evolution of Small Recreational Sailboats.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 21:39, 8 July 2017&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan='4' style='text-align: center;' class='diff-multi' lang='en'&gt;(2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l438&quot; &gt;Line 438:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 438:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;WS Lucas 2.jpg|Starboard Go 170 litre with 7.5&amp;#160; sq. meter Loft sail.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;WS Lucas 2.jpg|Starboard Go 170 litre with 7.5&amp;#160; sq. meter Loft sail.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Maarten Windwing.jpg|400px|Maarten on board with Windwing Sail.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Maarten Windwing.jpg|400px|Maarten on board with Windwing Sail.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;89_Caravan.jpg|400px|Transportation: 89 Caravan with HiFly.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l470&quot; &gt;Line 470:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 471:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The sailing literature is enormous with many contributions from amateur sailors and boat builders. One such source is the [http://www.ayrs.org/&amp;#160; Amateur Yacht Research Society] which has published many interesting&amp;#160; ideas over the years.&amp;#160; Of particular interest has been the hydrofoil sailboat which finally made its way to the [https://www.americascup.com/ Americas Cup] but was shown the way by the foiling&amp;#160; [http://www.moth-sailing.org/&amp;#160; International Moths.]&amp;#160; Don Nigg’s foiling sailboat was one of many such prototypes.&amp;#160; I took the adjacent photograph of Don Nigg with his hydrofoil on the shore of a small lake near Kansas City in 1970.&amp;#160; My son Christopher can be seen lurking in the background. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The sailing literature is enormous with many contributions from amateur sailors and boat builders. One such source is the [http://www.ayrs.org/&amp;#160; Amateur Yacht Research Society] which has published many interesting&amp;#160; ideas over the years.&amp;#160; Of particular interest has been the hydrofoil sailboat which finally made its way to the [https://www.americascup.com/ Americas Cup] but was shown the way by the foiling&amp;#160; [http://www.moth-sailing.org/&amp;#160; International Moths.]&amp;#160; Don Nigg’s foiling sailboat was one of many such prototypes.&amp;#160; I took the adjacent photograph of Don Nigg with his hydrofoil on the shore of a small lake near Kansas City in 1970.&amp;#160; My son Christopher can be seen lurking in the background. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The original small amateur sailing dinghies were planked in carvel or clinker form. In the former the longitudinal planks are laid side by side; in the latter the planks are&amp;#160; partially overlapped lengthwise.&amp;#160; An improved technique is&amp;#160; to cover thin longitudinal planks with diagonal veneers. This method was used by Uffa Fox to manufacture the airborne lifeboats used by RAF Coastal Command during WWII. This technique was also used to manufacture wooden hulls of the International 5-0-5 where the glued wooden layers were applied over an accurate male mold.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The original small amateur sailing dinghies were planked in carvel or &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[:File:Clinker Built Crab Boat.jpg ‎|&lt;/ins&gt;clinker form&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;. In the former the longitudinal planks are laid side by side; in the latter the planks are&amp;#160; partially overlapped lengthwise.&amp;#160; An improved technique is&amp;#160; to cover thin longitudinal planks with diagonal veneers. This method was used by Uffa Fox to manufacture the airborne lifeboats used by RAF Coastal Command during WWII. This technique was also used to manufacture wooden hulls of the International 5-0-5 where the glued wooden layers were applied over an accurate male mold.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Uffa Fox was a keen sailor and the designer of several different sailboats including the Flying Fifteen, a planing keelboat; his various autobiographies make most interesting reading.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Uffa Fox was a keen sailor and the designer of several different sailboats including the Flying Fifteen, a planing keelboat; his various autobiographies make most interesting reading.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</summary> <author><name>Lucasmsp</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=File:89_Caravan.jpg&amp;diff=155459&amp;oldid=0</id> <title>File:89 Caravan.jpg</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=File:89_Caravan.jpg&amp;diff=155459&amp;oldid=0"/> <updated>2017-07-08T20:42:04Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/User:Lucasmsp&quot; title=&quot;User:Lucasmsp&quot; class=&quot;mw-userlink&quot;&gt;Lucasmsp&lt;/a&gt; uploaded &lt;a href=&quot;/File:89_Caravan.jpg&quot; title=&quot;File:89 Caravan.jpg&quot;&gt;File:89 Caravan.jpg&lt;/a&gt; File uploaded with MsUpload&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;File uploaded with MsUpload&lt;/div&gt;</summary> <author><name>Lucasmsp</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=First-Hand:Surfing_the_Waves_of_Technological_Change._Part_Two&amp;diff=155458&amp;oldid=155455</id> <title>First-Hand:Surfing the Waves of Technological Change. Part Two</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=First-Hand:Surfing_the_Waves_of_Technological_Change._Part_Two&amp;diff=155458&amp;oldid=155455"/> <updated>2017-07-08T20:34:06Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Windsurfing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:34, 8 July 2017&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan='4' style='text-align: center;' class='diff-multi' lang='en'&gt;(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l437&quot; &gt;Line 437:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 437:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;WS Lucas 1.jpg|Starboard GO170., early planing wide board. Photograph by Maarten VanSwaay.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;WS Lucas 1.jpg|Starboard GO170., early planing wide board. Photograph by Maarten VanSwaay.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;WS Lucas 2.jpg|Starboard Go 170 litre with 7.5&amp;#160; sq. meter Loft sail.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;WS Lucas 2.jpg|Starboard Go 170 litre with 7.5&amp;#160; sq. meter Loft sail.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Maarten Windwing.jpg|400px|Maarten on board with Windwing Sail.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</summary> <author><name>Lucasmsp</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=File:Maarten_Windwing.jpg&amp;diff=155456&amp;oldid=0</id> <title>File:Maarten Windwing.jpg</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=File:Maarten_Windwing.jpg&amp;diff=155456&amp;oldid=0"/> <updated>2017-07-08T20:31:10Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/User:Lucasmsp&quot; title=&quot;User:Lucasmsp&quot; class=&quot;mw-userlink&quot;&gt;Lucasmsp&lt;/a&gt; uploaded &lt;a href=&quot;/File:Maarten_Windwing.jpg&quot; title=&quot;File:Maarten Windwing.jpg&quot;&gt;File:Maarten Windwing.jpg&lt;/a&gt; File uploaded with MsUpload&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;File uploaded with MsUpload&lt;/div&gt;</summary> <author><name>Lucasmsp</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=First-Hand:Surfing_the_Waves_of_Technological_Change._Part_Two&amp;diff=155455&amp;oldid=155425</id> <title>First-Hand:Surfing the Waves of Technological Change. Part Two</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=First-Hand:Surfing_the_Waves_of_Technological_Change._Part_Two&amp;diff=155455&amp;oldid=155425"/> <updated>2017-07-08T20:02:07Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Windsurfing and GPS Systems&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:02, 8 July 2017&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l458&quot; &gt;Line 458:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 458:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The BVYC is situated in a narrow cove with moored boats at the South ,which is the bottom of chart. So the reaches at the top are about one tenth of a mile, long enough to reach maximum speed in flat water. Beating back upwind the space is constricted because of moored boats. I have edited the upwind tracks with black bullets at each tack to make them easier to see. Note that the wind direction and VMG can be determined by simple geometry from&amp;#160; the paths. A windsurfer needs to be planing in order to&amp;#160; make good speed to the windward and does not point very high when not planing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The BVYC is situated in a narrow cove with moored boats at the South ,which is the bottom of chart. So the reaches at the top are about one tenth of a mile, long enough to reach maximum speed in flat water. Beating back upwind the space is constricted because of moored boats. I have edited the upwind tracks with black bullets at each tack to make them easier to see. Note that the wind direction and VMG can be determined by simple geometry from&amp;#160; the paths. A windsurfer needs to be planing in order to&amp;#160; make good speed to the windward and does not point very high when not planing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[File:Windsurfing Paths.jpg |thumb|border|Annotated section of GPS Plot]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</summary> <author><name>Lucasmsp</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=First-Hand:Bing_Crosby_and_the_Recording_Revolution&amp;diff=155454&amp;oldid=155398</id> <title>First-Hand:Bing Crosby and the Recording Revolution</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=First-Hand:Bing_Crosby_and_the_Recording_Revolution&amp;diff=155454&amp;oldid=155398"/> <updated>2017-07-08T14:17:35Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;The BCE Video Recorder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:17, 8 July 2017&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan='4' style='text-align: center;' class='diff-multi' lang='en'&gt;(8 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l89&quot; &gt;Line 89:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 89:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Ampex - Picture 5.jpg|thumb|right|350px|The first Bing Crosby TV show aired on 3 January 1954 was on 35 mm movie film with edited played back audio.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Ampex - Picture 5.jpg|thumb|right|350px|The first Bing Crosby TV show aired on 3 January 1954 was on 35 mm movie film with edited played back audio.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;By 1953 Bing was facing a new problem, television.&amp;#160; He was being asked to do television shows instead of radio, but there was no easy way to record a television program as he was doing with his radio show.&amp;#160; In 1950 Bing asked Jack Mullin if he could record television on tape the way the radio show was recorded&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;.&amp;#160; &lt;/del&gt;Jack told Bing that he did not see why it could not be done, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and &lt;/del&gt;Bing put money into the Electronic Division of Bing Crosby Enterprises so that Jack could build him a recorder.&amp;#160; Jack Mullin probably had taken on the greatest challenge of his life.&amp;#160; He never said anything to me about not being able to do it.&amp;#160; I believe that he and Wayne Johnson thought that it could be done.&amp;#160; It was to be a long hard struggle.&amp;#160; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;By 1953 Bing was facing a new problem, television.&amp;#160; He was being asked to do television shows instead of radio, but there was no easy way to record a television program as he was doing with his radio show.&amp;#160; In 1950 Bing asked Jack Mullin if he could record television on tape the way the radio show was recorded&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, and &lt;/ins&gt;Jack told Bing that he did not see why it could not be done&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;.&amp;#160; Encouraged by Jack&lt;/ins&gt;, Bing put money into the Electronic Division of Bing Crosby Enterprises so that Jack could build him a &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;recorder and also encouraged Ampex to build a video &lt;/ins&gt;recorder.&amp;#160; Jack Mullin probably had taken on the greatest challenge of his life.&amp;#160; He never said anything to me about not being able to do it.&amp;#160; I believe that he and Wayne Johnson thought that it could be done.&amp;#160; It was to be a long hard struggle.&amp;#160; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Bing Crosby radio show on CBS continued until the end of the 1953 season, which was on 30 May 1954. In early 1954 Bing had made the difficult decision to end the production, which meant that many lifelong relationships were to change or be severed. The first television show that involved Bing was a telethon on 21 June 1952 that he co-hosted with Bob Hope to help finance the American Olympic team. However, the first big Bing Crosby television show was produced in 1953 and aired on 3 January 1954. It was a mixture of his radio show and 35 mm movie technologies. The audio for the television program was prerecorded and edited in the same manner as his radio show was. The audio was then played back and synced with the 35 mm movie cameras. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Bing Crosby radio show on CBS continued until the end of the 1953 season, which was on 30 May 1954. In early 1954 Bing had made the difficult decision to end the production, which meant that many lifelong relationships were to change or be severed. The first television show that involved Bing was a telethon on 21 June 1952 that he co-hosted with Bob Hope to help finance the American Olympic team. However, the first big Bing Crosby television show was produced in 1953 and aired on 3 January 1954. It was a mixture of his radio show and 35 mm movie technologies. The audio for the television program was prerecorded and edited in the same manner as his radio show was. The audio was then played back and synced with the 35 mm movie cameras. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l131&quot; &gt;Line 131:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 131:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Mark II version used the same top plate as that of the Mark I, but it was modified for one inch tape. It still operated at 360 ips with the early version of the tight loop drive. Jack Mullin and Wayne Johnson had decided to build the Mark II system before the 11 November demonstration and were actively engaged in its construction. When I started at BCE they were testing various head stacks and working with William Wetzel at 3M to improve the tape quality for the recorder. It was obvious that main problem was how to increase the recorded bandwidth on the tape. We would find out over the next months that there was a lot that was not known about how the head-tape process works. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Mark II version used the same top plate as that of the Mark I, but it was modified for one inch tape. It still operated at 360 ips with the early version of the tight loop drive. Jack Mullin and Wayne Johnson had decided to build the Mark II system before the 11 November demonstration and were actively engaged in its construction. When I started at BCE they were testing various head stacks and working with William Wetzel at 3M to improve the tape quality for the recorder. It was obvious that main problem was how to increase the recorded bandwidth on the tape. We would find out over the next months that there was a lot that was not known about how the head-tape process works. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A discussion over using a rotary head approach to that of longitudinal had taken place, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and &lt;/del&gt;there was much doubt that the rotary head would work.&amp;#160; It also would have been difficult for the BCE group to implement it because of our lack of the mechanical facilities to build one.&amp;#160; The longitudinal approach was selected with multiple tracks.&amp;#160; Instead of using a rotary head, the multiple tracks were electronically scanned.&amp;#160; The Mark II system had 12 tracks recorded on the 1 inch tape.&amp;#160; Ten of the tracks were used for the video, and the other two, one on the top of the tape and one on the bottom, were used for audio, sync and reference signals.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A discussion over using a rotary head approach to that of longitudinal had taken place&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;.&amp;#160; Ampex had shown interest in the rotary head&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;but &lt;/ins&gt;there was much doubt that the rotary head would work.&amp;#160; It also would have been difficult for the BCE group to implement it because of our lack of the mechanical facilities to build one.&amp;#160; The longitudinal approach was selected with multiple tracks.&amp;#160; Instead of using a rotary head, the multiple tracks were electronically scanned.&amp;#160; The Mark II system had 12 tracks recorded on the 1 inch tape.&amp;#160; Ten of the tracks were used for the video, and the other two, one on the top of the tape and one on the bottom, were used for audio, sync and reference signals.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The video signal in the record subsystem was sampled with the rate tied to the video sync signal.&amp;#160; These samples or pulses were sequentially recorded across the 10 video tracks.&amp;#160; For each set of 10 samples the polarity of the recorded pulse was reversed.&amp;#160; This was done to prevent a bias on the tape.&amp;#160; The result was a series of pulses recorded on each track on the tape alternating in polarity.&amp;#160; The amplitude of the recorded pulse was equal to the amplitude of the video sample, and each channel had a 1 MHz bandwidth.&amp;#160; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The video signal in the record subsystem was sampled with the rate tied to the video sync signal.&amp;#160; These samples or pulses were sequentially recorded across the 10 video tracks.&amp;#160; For each set of 10 samples the polarity of the recorded pulse was reversed.&amp;#160; This was done to prevent a bias on the tape.&amp;#160; The result was a series of pulses recorded on each track on the tape alternating in polarity.&amp;#160; The amplitude of the recorded pulse was equal to the amplitude of the video sample, and each channel had a 1 MHz bandwidth.&amp;#160; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l137&quot; &gt;Line 137:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 137:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The playback system had to reverse the polarity of every other pulse and assemble them into a video stream of pulses combined with the video sync signal. The reference signals from the top and bottom tape channels were used to correct for tape speed and skew. This information was used to adjust the sampled video pulses from the tape. The video picture on the monitor consisted of a number analog “pixels” that had to be processed to eliminate the dot structure by averaging between them. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The playback system had to reverse the polarity of every other pulse and assemble them into a video stream of pulses combined with the video sync signal. The reference signals from the top and bottom tape channels were used to correct for tape speed and skew. This information was used to adjust the sampled video pulses from the tape. The video picture on the monitor consisted of a number analog “pixels” that had to be processed to eliminate the dot structure by averaging between them. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;About a month after I started, Dean DeMoss and Chester Shaw were hired to help build and test the new electronics for the Mark II system.&amp;#160; Gene Brown provided the mechanical support, and the system was built and operational by early 1952.&amp;#160; Wayne Johnson and I were working on the system Friday night, 14 March 1952, and had completed the last adjustment to it.&amp;#160; It was ready for its first recording test, and we decided to try it before we went home.&amp;#160; A video program was recorded and played back; it could have been classified as a fair picture.&amp;#160; However, it did have the “pixels” since the additional processing had not been added.&amp;#160; We jumped up and down and cheered.&amp;#160; It turns out that we were the only two to see the picture because Wayne came in the next day and dismantled the recorder to “improve” it.&amp;#160; Jack Mullin found out on Monday and was not happy that he missed the first successful test recording session.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;About a month after I started, Dean DeMoss and Chester Shaw were hired to help build and test the new electronics for the Mark II system.&amp;#160; Gene Brown provided the mechanical support, and the system was built and operational by early 1952.&amp;#160; Wayne Johnson and I were working on the system Friday night, 14 March 1952, and had completed the last adjustment to it.&amp;#160; It was ready for its first recording test, and we decided to try it before we went home.&amp;#160; A video program was recorded and played back; it could have been classified as a fair picture.&amp;#160; However, it did have the “pixels” since the additional processing had not been added.&amp;#160; We jumped up and down and cheered.&amp;#160; It turns out that we were the only two to see the picture because Wayne came in the next day and dismantled the recorder to “improve” it.&amp;#160; Jack Mullin found out on Monday and was not happy that he missed the first successful test recording session&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;.&amp;#160; It was not until 30 December 1952 that a demonstration of the recorder was given to the press.&amp;#160; Ampex during this period tried several attempts at a rotary head video recorder, and we shared our work with them&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;During the 1952 and 1953 period the major effort was concentrated on improving the frequency response and reducing the tape speed. Many heads designs were tested using different types of magnetic materials, gap sizes and materials, and head windings. To make the heads, a precision optical lapping capability was installed along with a way of winding the coils on the assembled head segments. After trying many different head configurations, it was realized that there was a limitation in recording high frequencies on magnetic tape. A point was reached where changes in the head configuration and the tape speed made little difference in the upper frequency that could be recorded. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;During the 1952 and 1953 period&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;the major effort was concentrated on improving the frequency response and reducing the tape speed. Many heads designs were tested using different types of magnetic materials, gap sizes and materials, and head windings. To make the heads, a precision optical lapping capability was installed along with a way of winding the coils on the assembled head segments. After trying many different head configurations, it was realized that there was a limitation in recording high frequencies on magnetic tape. A point was reached where changes in the head configuration and the tape speed made little difference in the upper frequency that could be recorded&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;.&amp;#160; It was discouraging&lt;/ins&gt;. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;There were a number of other groups that were working on the video recorder.&amp;#160; One of these was RCA, and its chairman General David Sarnoff wanted one for his birthday.&amp;#160; By 1953 they had demonstrated a system that ran at 360 inches per second like the first BCE machine in 1951.&amp;#160; It had better quality using video compression, but only lasted 4 minutes per reel.&amp;#160; The same year Sarnoff of RCA and his board of directors visited BCE to see if they could buy our recorder.&amp;#160; The party arrived in a number of black limousines.&amp;#160; Sarnoff was in the first dressed in gray and the board in the rest, dressed in black.&amp;#160; As Sarnoff marched up the driveway the board fell in two-by-two behind him.&amp;#160; They went into our small laboratory for the demonstration.&amp;#160; Sarnoff sat in the middle and the board on either side of him.&amp;#160; After the demonstration they went upstairs to the conference room.&amp;#160; Sarnoff told Frank Healey that he wanted to buy the recorder, and Frank told him it was not for sale.&amp;#160; Sarnoff told Frank that he would just buy them out; to which Frank replied “You do not have enough money!”&amp;#160; The RCA group left.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;There were a number of other groups that were working on the video recorder.&amp;#160; One of these was RCA, and its chairman General David Sarnoff wanted one for his birthday.&amp;#160; By 1953 they had demonstrated a system that ran at 360 inches per second like the first BCE machine in 1951.&amp;#160; It had better quality using video compression, but only lasted 4 minutes per reel.&amp;#160; The same year Sarnoff of RCA and his board of directors visited BCE to see if they could buy our recorder.&amp;#160; The party arrived &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;on 13 March 1953 &lt;/ins&gt;in a number of black limousines.&amp;#160; Sarnoff was in the first dressed in gray and the board in the rest, dressed in black.&amp;#160; As Sarnoff marched up the driveway the board fell in two-by-two behind him.&amp;#160; They went into our small laboratory for the demonstration.&amp;#160; Sarnoff sat in the middle and the board on either side of him.&amp;#160; After the demonstration they went upstairs to the conference room.&amp;#160; Sarnoff told Frank Healey that he wanted to buy the recorder, and Frank told him it was not for sale.&amp;#160; Sarnoff told Frank that he would just buy them out; to which Frank replied “You do not have enough money!”&amp;#160; The RCA group left.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Ampex - Picture 9.jpg|thumb|right|350px|The BCE Mark III video recorder in 1955.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Ampex - Picture 9.jpg|thumb|right|350px|The BCE Mark III video recorder in 1955.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l149&quot; &gt;Line 149:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 149:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When asked what he did to make the head, he said that he made some small cuts inside the head to make it look better. He had been lapping the head halves to create a uniform gap and also the head face. These actions did make a small difference in the performance, but the “beauty treatment” was the key. The head laminations at the head gap were different widths and caused a non-uniform magnetic pattern across the tape (top to bottom). Gene had made a very accurate cut behind the head gap across the laminations. This cut made them the same thickness and caused the magnetic pattern across the tape to be uniform. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When asked what he did to make the head, he said that he made some small cuts inside the head to make it look better. He had been lapping the head halves to create a uniform gap and also the head face. These actions did make a small difference in the performance, but the “beauty treatment” was the key. The head laminations at the head gap were different widths and caused a non-uniform magnetic pattern across the tape (top to bottom). Gene had made a very accurate cut behind the head gap across the laminations. This cut made them the same thickness and caused the magnetic pattern across the tape to be uniform. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A number of different cuts were tested until proper configuration was found. The result of &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;head “beauty treatment” &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;was &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;reduced &lt;/del&gt;the tape speed of the Mark II to 120 ips &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and produce a new design for &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;recording the video information.&amp;#160; The new &lt;/del&gt;“Mark III” recorder operated at 100 ips with half-inch tape using longitudinal recording and no scanning. It recorded color video and sound with three heads - video, color, and sound/reference. The recorder also employed video compression techniques, and an early version was demonstrated in February 1955. The recorder was further refined and demonstrated in June 1955. Based on the performance of this new recorder CBS ordered three of them, and the summer of that year we worked building them. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;In &lt;/del&gt;late 1955 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Bing &lt;/del&gt;asked Jack Mullin to visit Ampex to see their video tape recorder. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;We &lt;/del&gt;knew that they &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;were &lt;/del&gt;working on one, but did not know how far they had come. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A number of different cuts were tested until &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;proper configuration was found. The result of &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;this &lt;/ins&gt;head “beauty treatment” &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;led &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;new designs for recording the video information.&amp;#160; First, &lt;/ins&gt;the tape speed of the Mark II &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;was reduced &lt;/ins&gt;to 120 ips&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;., but it was soon followed by &lt;/ins&gt;the “Mark III” recorder &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;that &lt;/ins&gt;operated at 100 ips with half-inch tape using longitudinal recording and no scanning. It recorded color video and sound with three heads - video, color, and sound/reference. The recorder also employed video compression techniques, and an early version was demonstrated in February 1955. The recorder was further refined and demonstrated in June 1955. Based on the performance of this new recorder CBS ordered three of them, and the summer of that year we worked building them. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Unknown to us in September 1954 Ampex had resumed their development of the rotary head recorder.&amp;#160; Their visits had stopped in early 1954, and it was assumed that they had lost interest in the project. Our head development was known to them, and it may have been the solution to their problem as it was to ours.&amp;#160; It appears that Bing had been kept informed, and in &lt;/ins&gt;late 1955 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;he &lt;/ins&gt;asked Jack Mullin to visit Ampex to see their video tape recorder. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;While we &lt;/ins&gt;knew that they &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;had been &lt;/ins&gt;working on one, but did not know how far they had come. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Jack went to Ampex near the end of the year and came back with the news that it was over, Ampex had a better recorder. Bing sent another $50,000 check to Ampex for the first of their video recorders. It was delivered to his TV station in Washington State. Ampex demonstrated their rotary head machine on 14 April 1956; CBS cancelled their order with BCE and bought the Ampex recorder. The Mark III recorders were then converted to wide band instrumentation recorders and sold.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Jack went to Ampex near the end of the year and came back with the news that it was over, Ampex had a better recorder. Bing sent another $50,000 check to Ampex for the first of their video recorders. It was delivered to his TV station in Washington State. Ampex demonstrated their rotary head machine on 14 April 1956; CBS cancelled their order with BCE and bought the Ampex recorder. The Mark III recorders were then converted to wide band instrumentation recorders and sold.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l201&quot; &gt;Line 201:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 203:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Communications|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Communications|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Broadcasting|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Broadcasting|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Signal generation &lt;/del&gt;&amp;amp; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;recording&lt;/del&gt;|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Signal_generation_&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;amp;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;_recording&lt;/ins&gt;|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Audio recording&lt;/del&gt;|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Audio_recording&lt;/ins&gt;|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Magnetic recording&lt;/del&gt;|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Magnetic_recording&lt;/ins&gt;|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Video recording&lt;/del&gt;|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Video_recording&lt;/ins&gt;|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Signals|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Signals|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</summary> <author><name>Rrphillips</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Milestones:Milestones_selfies&amp;diff=155445&amp;oldid=155429</id> <title>Milestones:Milestones selfies</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Milestones:Milestones_selfies&amp;diff=155445&amp;oldid=155429"/> <updated>2017-07-07T20:51:04Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:51, 7 July 2017&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l10&quot; &gt;Line 10:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 10:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Image:Lew_%26_Bobbie_with_Milestone_plaque_at_IBM_Watson_Center.jpg|Bobbie and Lew Terman with IBM Watson Labs Milestone&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Image:Lew_%26_Bobbie_with_Milestone_plaque_at_IBM_Watson_Center.jpg|Bobbie and Lew Terman with IBM Watson Labs Milestone&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Image:Magoun_Transistor_Milestone.JPG|History Center Outreach Historian Alexander Magoun with Bell Labs Transistor Milestone&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Image:Magoun_Transistor_Milestone.JPG|History Center Outreach Historian Alexander Magoun with Bell Labs Transistor Milestone&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Image:Edison_Menlo_Park_Feisel.JPG|Former History Committee Chair Lyle Feisel with Edison Menlo Park Milestone&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</summary> <author><name>Administrator4</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=File:Edison_Menlo_Park_Feisel.JPG&amp;diff=155444&amp;oldid=0</id> <title>File:Edison Menlo Park Feisel.JPG</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=File:Edison_Menlo_Park_Feisel.JPG&amp;diff=155444&amp;oldid=0"/> <updated>2017-07-07T20:49:31Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/w/index.php?title=User:Administrator4&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new mw-userlink&quot; title=&quot;User:Administrator4 (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Administrator4&lt;/a&gt; uploaded &lt;a href=&quot;/File:Edison_Menlo_Park_Feisel.JPG&quot; title=&quot;File:Edison Menlo Park Feisel.JPG&quot;&gt;File:Edison Menlo Park Feisel.JPG&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary> <author><name>Administrator4</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=File:Windsurfing_Paths.jpg&amp;diff=155443&amp;oldid=0</id> <title>File:Windsurfing Paths.jpg</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=File:Windsurfing_Paths.jpg&amp;diff=155443&amp;oldid=0"/> <updated>2017-07-07T20:30:04Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/User:Lucasmsp&quot; title=&quot;User:Lucasmsp&quot; class=&quot;mw-userlink&quot;&gt;Lucasmsp&lt;/a&gt; uploaded &lt;a href=&quot;/File:Windsurfing_Paths.jpg&quot; title=&quot;File:Windsurfing Paths.jpg&quot;&gt;File:Windsurfing Paths.jpg&lt;/a&gt; Section of windsurfing course illustrating upwind and downwind paths from a section of a GPS monitored course. Author Michael S P Lucas, 7_17_05 No restrictions on use.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Section of windsurfing course illustrating upwind and downwind paths from a section of a GPS monitored course.&lt;br /&gt; Author Michael S P Lucas, 7_17_05&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; No restrictions on use.&lt;/div&gt;</summary> <author><name>Lucasmsp</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Biggers2017&amp;diff=155442&amp;oldid=0</id> <title>User talk:Biggers2017</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Biggers2017&amp;diff=155442&amp;oldid=0"/> <updated>2017-07-07T14:23:54Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Welcome!&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Welcome to ''ETHW''!'''&lt;br /&gt; We hope you will contribute much and well.&lt;br /&gt; You will probably want to read the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents help pages].&lt;br /&gt; Again, welcome and have fun! [[User:Administrator1|Administrator1]] ([[User talk:Administrator1|talk]]) 14:23, 7 July 2017 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary> <author><name>Administrator1</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/User:Biggers2017</id> <title>User:Biggers2017</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/User:Biggers2017"/> <updated>2017-07-07T14:23:54Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;User account &lt;a href=&quot;/w/index.php?title=User:Biggers2017&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new mw-userlink&quot; title=&quot;User:Biggers2017 (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Biggers2017&lt;/a&gt; was created by &lt;a href=&quot;/User:Administrator1&quot; title=&quot;User:Administrator1&quot; class=&quot;mw-userlink&quot;&gt;Administrator1&lt;/a&gt; and password was sent by email&lt;/p&gt; </summary> <author><name>Administrator1</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Konstantinos&amp;diff=155441&amp;oldid=0</id> <title>User talk:Konstantinos</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Konstantinos&amp;diff=155441&amp;oldid=0"/> <updated>2017-07-07T14:23:53Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Welcome!&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Welcome to ''ETHW''!'''&lt;br /&gt; We hope you will contribute much and well.&lt;br /&gt; You will probably want to read the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents help pages].&lt;br /&gt; Again, welcome and have fun! [[User:Administrator1|Administrator1]] ([[User talk:Administrator1|talk]]) 14:23, 7 July 2017 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary> <author><name>Administrator1</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/User:Konstantinos</id> <title>User:Konstantinos</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/User:Konstantinos"/> <updated>2017-07-07T14:23:52Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;User account &lt;a href=&quot;/w/index.php?title=User:Konstantinos&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new mw-userlink&quot; title=&quot;User:Konstantinos (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Konstantinos&lt;/a&gt; was created by &lt;a href=&quot;/User:Administrator1&quot; title=&quot;User:Administrator1&quot; class=&quot;mw-userlink&quot;&gt;Administrator1&lt;/a&gt; and password was sent by email&lt;/p&gt; </summary> <author><name>Administrator1</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Bvchowdary&amp;diff=155440&amp;oldid=0</id> <title>User talk:Bvchowdary</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Bvchowdary&amp;diff=155440&amp;oldid=0"/> <updated>2017-07-07T14:23:51Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Welcome!&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Welcome to ''ETHW''!'''&lt;br /&gt; We hope you will contribute much and well.&lt;br /&gt; You will probably want to read the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents help pages].&lt;br /&gt; Again, welcome and have fun! [[User:Administrator1|Administrator1]] ([[User talk:Administrator1|talk]]) 14:23, 7 July 2017 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary> <author><name>Administrator1</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/User:Bvchowdary</id> <title>User:Bvchowdary</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/User:Bvchowdary"/> <updated>2017-07-07T14:23:50Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;User account &lt;a href=&quot;/w/index.php?title=User:Bvchowdary&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new mw-userlink&quot; title=&quot;User:Bvchowdary (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Bvchowdary&lt;/a&gt; was created by &lt;a href=&quot;/User:Administrator1&quot; title=&quot;User:Administrator1&quot; class=&quot;mw-userlink&quot;&gt;Administrator1&lt;/a&gt; and password was sent by email&lt;/p&gt; </summary> <author><name>Administrator1</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_Easton&amp;diff=155439&amp;oldid=155437</id> <title>Edward Easton</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_Easton&amp;diff=155439&amp;oldid=155437"/> <updated>2017-07-07T14:23:35Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:23, 7 July 2017&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l16&quot; &gt;Line 16:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 16:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:Easton}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:Easton}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:People and organizations]] &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Signals]] &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Signal generation &amp;amp; recording]] &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Audio recording]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</summary> <author><name>Administrator1</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Milestones:The_CP/M_Microcomputer_Operating_System,_1974&amp;diff=155438&amp;oldid=155090</id> <title>Milestones:The CP/M Microcomputer Operating System, 1974</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Milestones:The_CP/M_Microcomputer_Operating_System,_1974&amp;diff=155438&amp;oldid=155090"/> <updated>2017-07-07T13:50:22Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 13:50, 7 July 2017&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l57&quot; &gt;Line 57:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 57:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Gordon Eubanks Oral History (Computerworld 2000) [http://www.cwhonors.org/archives/histories/Eubanks.pdf]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Gordon Eubanks Oral History (Computerworld 2000) [http://www.cwhonors.org/archives/histories/Eubanks.pdf]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Media:GaryKildallConferenceRoomDedication(21-April-17).pdf|&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Gary Kildall Conference Room Dedication at Naval Postgraduate School (April 21, 2017)&lt;/del&gt;]]}} &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Gary Kildall Conference Room Dedication at Naval Postgraduate School (April 21, 2017):&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;*[https://my.nps.edu/-/former-nps-professor-and-personal-computing-pioneer-memorialized-on-campus Background Story]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;*&lt;/ins&gt;[[Media:GaryKildallConferenceRoomDedication(21-April-17).pdf|&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Presentation Slides&lt;/ins&gt;]]}} &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Dedication Ceremony ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Dedication Ceremony ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l68&quot; &gt;Line 68:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 71:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;See also http://blogs.kqed.org/newsfix/ieee-recognizes-gary-kildall-for-pioneering-computer-operating-system &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;See also http://blogs.kqed.org/newsfix/ieee-recognizes-gary-kildall-for-pioneering-computer-operating-system &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Kildall Conference Room Video ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{#widget:YouTube16x9|id=e6TqeBOeSnk}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Further Reading ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Further Reading ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</summary> <author><name>Administrator1</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_Easton&amp;diff=155437&amp;oldid=145641</id> <title>Edward Easton</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_Easton&amp;diff=155437&amp;oldid=145641"/> <updated>2017-07-07T12:02:47Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:02, 7 July 2017&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l5&quot; &gt;Line 5:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 5:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Fields of study=Phonograph&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Fields of study=Phonograph&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Edward Easton was the founder of the Columbia Graphophone Company, one of the earliest manufacturers of a cylinder record player that competed with Edison's [[Phonograph|phonograph]]. Eventually, Columbia Graphophone became part of today’s Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) and CBS Records. Easton was raised in New Jersey and while still a teenager took a job as a stenographer for a New York newspaper. He later earned a law degree from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., and set up his own law practice. His background as a stenographer would change Easton’s career once he moved to Washington. There, an army of stenographers was employed by the Senate and House of Representatives to take down what was said in debates and hearings.&amp;amp;nbsp;Easton was aware of the phonograph, and latched onto the idea that Edison’s invention could be used to improve the efficiency of government stenography. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Edward Easton was the founder of the Columbia Graphophone Company, one of the earliest manufacturers of a cylinder record player that competed with &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Thomas &lt;/ins&gt;Edison's [[Phonograph|phonograph]]. Eventually, Columbia Graphophone became part of today’s Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) and CBS Records. Easton was raised in New Jersey and while still a teenager took a job as a stenographer for a New York newspaper. He later earned a law degree from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., and set up his own law practice. His background as a stenographer would change Easton’s career once he moved to Washington. There, an army of stenographers was employed by the Senate and House of Representatives to take down what was said in debates and hearings.&amp;amp;nbsp;Easton was aware of the phonograph, and latched onto the idea that Edison’s invention could be used to improve the efficiency of government stenography. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;With several other investors, Easton helped organize a company in Washington that held the local monopoly on sales and service of both the Edison phonograph and a new competitor called the Graphophone, which was a modified version of the phonograph that used wax cylinders (eventually all cylinder record players &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;would adopt &lt;/del&gt;these wax cylinders). They called it the Columbia Graphophone Company because it was located in the District of Columbia, the capitol city of the United States. Unfortunately, sound recorders did not catch on as a substitute for hand stenography, and soon Columbia and all the other phonograph companies around the country were near bankruptcy. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;With several other investors, Easton helped organize a company in Washington that held the local monopoly on sales and service of both the Edison phonograph and a new competitor called the Graphophone, which was a modified version of the phonograph that used wax cylinders (eventually all cylinder record players &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; adopted &lt;/ins&gt;these wax cylinders). They called it the Columbia Graphophone Company because it was located in the District of Columbia, the capitol city of the United States. Unfortunately, sound recorders did not catch on as a substitute for hand stenography, and soon Columbia and all the other phonograph companies around the country were near bankruptcy. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Although Easton did not own the company, he was able to work out a deal with the owners, who wanted to split Columbia into two companies, one to make the records and one to make the players. Easton went with the company that made the players, which was called Columbia Phonograph and which was moved to Connecticut. Columbia Phonograph thrived for a number of years, but when the phonograph market turned down it abandoned its line of entertainment phonographs and concentrated only on office dictation machines—a technology based on Easton’s passion for “mechanical stenography.” The company was renamed the Dictaphone Corporation&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, and survives to this day&lt;/del&gt;. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Although Easton did not own the company, he was able to work out a deal with the owners, who wanted to split Columbia into two companies, one to make the records and one to make the players. Easton went with the company that made the players, which was called Columbia Phonograph and which was moved to Connecticut. Columbia Phonograph thrived for a number of years, but when the phonograph market turned down it abandoned its line of entertainment phonographs and concentrated only on office dictation machines—a technology based on Easton’s passion for “mechanical stenography.” The company was renamed the Dictaphone Corporation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Easton &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;himself &lt;/del&gt;was not so lucky. He became distraught by the stress of running the company and allegedly tried to commit suicide in 1908. He was confined to a mental institution for a few years, but returned to work and kept at the job until he died in 1915. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Easton was not so lucky. He became distraught by the stress of running the company and allegedly tried to commit suicide in 1908. He was confined to a mental institution for a few years, but returned to work and kept at the job until he died in 1915. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[Category:People and organizations]] [[Category:Signals]] [[Category:Signal generation &amp;amp; recording]] [[Category:Audio recording]] &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160; &amp;#160; &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:Easton}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:Easton}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</summary> <author><name>Mahellrigel</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Nikola_Tesla&amp;diff=155436&amp;oldid=154824</id> <title>Nikola Tesla</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Nikola_Tesla&amp;diff=155436&amp;oldid=154824"/> <updated>2017-07-06T02:19:36Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Reworded final paragraph and explanation of failure of wireless power transmission.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:19, 6 July 2017&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l12&quot; &gt;Line 12:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 12:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;After three years at the Graz Polytechnic Institute, Tesla stopped attending lectures.&amp;#160; He left Graz in 1878 and began working as a draughtsman in Maribor.&amp;#160; In 1880, Tesla moved to Prague to continue his studies at the Karl-Ferdinand University.&amp;#160; Leaving Prague in 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest where Ferenc Puskás hired him to help install an Edison telephone exchange there. The Continental Edison Company sent Tesla to work in Paris and Strasbourg, where his work caught the eye of Charles Batchelor, head of Edison's operations in France, who invited Tesla to work for Edison in the United States. In 1884, he went to New York and immediately took a job with [[Thomas Alva Edison|Edison]], who recognized Tesla’s abilities but did not want to support his work on [[Arc Lighting|arc lighting]]. In 1886 Tesla founded the Tesla Electric Company, which funded his arc light experiments. More importantly, Tesla returned to his AC experiments and within two years had applied for more than thirty patents on his system. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;After three years at the Graz Polytechnic Institute, Tesla stopped attending lectures.&amp;#160; He left Graz in 1878 and began working as a draughtsman in Maribor.&amp;#160; In 1880, Tesla moved to Prague to continue his studies at the Karl-Ferdinand University.&amp;#160; Leaving Prague in 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest where Ferenc Puskás hired him to help install an Edison telephone exchange there. The Continental Edison Company sent Tesla to work in Paris and Strasbourg, where his work caught the eye of Charles Batchelor, head of Edison's operations in France, who invited Tesla to work for Edison in the United States. In 1884, he went to New York and immediately took a job with [[Thomas Alva Edison|Edison]], who recognized Tesla’s abilities but did not want to support his work on [[Arc Lighting|arc lighting]]. In 1886 Tesla founded the Tesla Electric Company, which funded his arc light experiments. More importantly, Tesla returned to his AC experiments and within two years had applied for more than thirty patents on his system. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;After agreeing to a contract that turned over AC development and patents to the [[Westinghouse Electric Corporation|Westinghouse Corporation]], Tesla became a wealthy man. When Westinghouse got into financial difficulties later, Tesla supposedly tore up his contract and refused further royalties for his patents. This decision affected his future work because he had fewer financial resources for laboratory space and equipment. He worked on a number of other inventions, including a transformer that changed low voltage to high voltage with a safe electrical current. This transformer &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;was &lt;/del&gt;known as the Tesla coil. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;After agreeing to a contract that turned over AC development and patents to the [[Westinghouse Electric Corporation|Westinghouse Corporation]], Tesla became a wealthy man. When Westinghouse got into financial difficulties later, Tesla supposedly tore up his contract and refused further royalties for his patents. This decision affected his future work because he had fewer financial resources for laboratory space and equipment. He worked on a number of other inventions, including a transformer that changed low voltage to high voltage with a safe electrical current. This transformer &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is &lt;/ins&gt;known as the Tesla coil. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Westinghouse supplied all the lighting for the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893 using the Tesla system, including the engine, [[Dynamo|dynamo]], and AC generator. Thereafter, AC became the preferred method of generating electricity. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Westinghouse supplied all the lighting for the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893 using the Tesla system, including the engine, [[Dynamo|dynamo]], and AC generator. Thereafter, AC became the preferred method of generating electricity. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;As a result of this and other successes, Tesla became a famous man. He enjoyed high society in New York, lectured internationally, and gave demonstrations of electricity that seemed like displays of magic to the public. His interests ranged beyond pure research on electricity. At an address to the National Electric Light Association, he proposed the principles of wireless broadcasting. Tesla also experimented with vibration, the rapid motion of an object that creates air waves, and with resonance, the effect of air waves on an object. As he grew older he began to rely more on empirical experiments instead of his original method of visual invention, which involved perfecting devices in his head and not building models until he was sure they would actually work. This shift in methodology made an 1895 fire in his research laboratory a major disaster, as he lost his books and notes as well as his equipment. However, he found financial backing for a new lab and began pioneering research on robotics, remote control, and solar energy. At sites in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;both &lt;/del&gt;Colorado and Long Island, he tried to develop worldwide communications systems, but problems with money and &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;material &lt;/del&gt;led to failure. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;As a result of this and other successes, Tesla became a famous man. He enjoyed high society in New York, lectured internationally, and gave demonstrations of electricity that seemed like displays of magic to the public. His interests ranged beyond pure research on electricity. At an address to the National Electric Light Association, he proposed the principles of wireless broadcasting. Tesla also experimented with vibration, the rapid motion of an object that creates air waves, and with resonance, the effect of air waves on an object. As he grew older he began to rely more on empirical experiments instead of his original method of visual invention, which involved perfecting devices in his head and not building models until he was sure they would actually work. This shift in methodology made an 1895 fire in his research laboratory a major disaster, as he lost his books and notes as well as his equipment. However, he found financial backing for a new lab and began pioneering research on robotics, remote control, and solar energy. At sites in Colorado and Long Island, he tried to develop worldwide communications &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and power transmission &lt;/ins&gt;systems, but problems with money and &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;physics &lt;/ins&gt;led to failure. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Along with [[Thomas Alva Edison|Edison]], Tesla was popularized by the press as an electrical wizard. Images of the inventor sitting calmly beneath dazzling displays of electricity became common sights. Tesla remained active and continued to work on new ideas. In 1916, the [[AIEE History 1884-1963|American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE)]] recognized Tesla's contributions and&amp;amp;nbsp;awarded him the [[IEEE Edison Medal|Edison Medal]] &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;'For &lt;/del&gt;meritorious achievement in his early original work in polyphase and high-frequency electrical currents.&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;'&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Along with [[Thomas Alva Edison|Edison]], Tesla was popularized by the press as an electrical wizard. Images of the inventor sitting calmly beneath dazzling displays of electricity became common sights. Tesla remained active and continued to work on new ideas. In 1916, the [[AIEE History 1884-1963|American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE)]] recognized Tesla's contributions and&amp;amp;nbsp;awarded him the [[IEEE Edison Medal|Edison Medal]] &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;for &amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;meritorious achievement in his early original work in polyphase and high-frequency electrical currents.&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Financial difficulties continued to plague him, especially once his patents expired. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Always &lt;/del&gt;reclusive and eccentric, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;he &lt;/del&gt;lived alone in a &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hotel &lt;/del&gt;room in New &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;York. The scientific community continued to be interested &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Tesla’s theories and invention&lt;/del&gt;. The unit of magnetic flux density &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is &lt;/del&gt;named &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;for Tesla. When Tesla died &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;1943, he was celebrated for &lt;/del&gt;his &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;numerous contributions to modern technology&lt;/del&gt;. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Financial difficulties continued to plague him&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, however&lt;/ins&gt;, especially once his &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;early &lt;/ins&gt;patents expired. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Increasingly &lt;/ins&gt;reclusive and eccentric, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Tesla &lt;/ins&gt;lived alone in a room in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;New &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Yorker Hotel until he died &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;1943&lt;/ins&gt;. The unit of magnetic flux density &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;was &lt;/ins&gt;named in his &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;honor in 1960&lt;/ins&gt;. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Image Gallery ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Image Gallery ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</summary> <author><name>Administrator7</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=File:Clinker_Built_Crab_Boat.jpg&amp;diff=155435&amp;oldid=0</id> <title>File:Clinker Built Crab Boat.jpg</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=File:Clinker_Built_Crab_Boat.jpg&amp;diff=155435&amp;oldid=0"/> <updated>2017-07-05T15:57:42Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/User:Lucasmsp&quot; title=&quot;User:Lucasmsp&quot; class=&quot;mw-userlink&quot;&gt;Lucasmsp&lt;/a&gt; uploaded &lt;a href=&quot;/File:Clinker_Built_Crab_Boat.jpg&quot; title=&quot;File:Clinker Built Crab Boat.jpg&quot;&gt;File:Clinker Built Crab Boat.jpg&lt;/a&gt; Crab Boat on beach at Chapel St. Leonards cerca 1952. Modelled by Marie. Probably belonged to Frank Stow. Photographer M. S. P. Lucas. No restrictions on use.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Crab Boat on beach at Chapel St. Leonards cerca 1952.&lt;br /&gt; Modelled by Marie. Probably belonged to Frank Stow.&lt;br /&gt; Photographer M. S. P. Lucas.&lt;br /&gt; No restrictions on use.&lt;/div&gt;</summary> <author><name>Lucasmsp</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Milestones:Commercialization_and_Industrialization_of_Photovoltaic_Cells,_1959&amp;diff=155434&amp;oldid=135269</id> <title>Milestones:Commercialization and Industrialization of Photovoltaic Cells, 1959</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Milestones:Commercialization_and_Industrialization_of_Photovoltaic_Cells,_1959&amp;diff=155434&amp;oldid=135269"/> <updated>2017-07-05T15:47:01Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 15:47, 5 July 2017&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l27&quot; &gt;Line 27:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 27:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Phone: +81-6-6621-1221, GPS: N34.621643, E 135.517143 &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Phone: +81-6-6621-1221, GPS: N34.621643, E 135.517143 &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;amp;lt;pIn &lt;/del&gt;1954 three researchers at Bell Laboratories published the results of their discovery of the world’s first practical ‘photovoltaic’ (henceforth abbreviated by ‘PV’) cell which was capable of converting sunlight into electricity, first at 4% and later at 6% conversion-efficiency[1]. In 1959 Sharp Corporation began R&amp;amp;amp;D of silicon monocrystal PV-cells, with mass production starting in 1963[2], and commercialized a variety of mono/multi-crystalline PV-cells for everything from satellites to lighthouses, and industrial applications to residential use[2]. The annual production capacity has since grown to 500 MW with plans to double it to over 1GW by constructing additionally a new big plant in Sakai City in Osaka Prefecture with the start of operations in fiscal 2009, and moreover the cumulative production volume reached to 2GW at the end of 2007 for the first time in the world. It is estimated that the current world’s cumulative production volume is 8GW, meaning that Sharp has produced a full one-quarter of that[3]. &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;In &lt;/ins&gt;1954 three researchers at Bell Laboratories published the results of their discovery of the world’s first practical ‘photovoltaic’ (henceforth abbreviated by ‘PV’) cell which was capable of converting sunlight into electricity, first at 4% and later at 6% conversion-efficiency[1]. In 1959 Sharp Corporation began R&amp;amp;amp;D of silicon monocrystal PV-cells, with mass production starting in 1963[2], and commercialized a variety of mono/multi-crystalline PV-cells for everything from satellites to lighthouses, and industrial applications to residential use[2]. The annual production capacity has since grown to 500 MW with plans to double it to over 1GW by constructing additionally a new big plant in Sakai City in Osaka Prefecture with the start of operations in fiscal 2009, and moreover the cumulative production volume reached to 2GW at the end of 2007 for the first time in the world. It is estimated that the current world’s cumulative production volume is 8GW, meaning that Sharp has produced a full one-quarter of that[3]. &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Sharp’s pioneering works of developing and commercializing PV-cells have been achieved mainly in the fields of consumer electronics, public facilities, space satellites, and industrial and residential applications. Especially, untiring efforts of the project teams devoted to the development and implementation of PV-technologies during the long period, ranging from the start of R&amp;amp;amp;D of monocrystal PV-cells in 1959 to the mass production of amorphous PV-cells in 1983, constructed the firm foundation for the industrialization of PV technologies, as described in what follows. &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Sharp’s pioneering works of developing and commercializing PV-cells have been achieved mainly in the fields of consumer electronics, public facilities, space satellites, and industrial and residential applications. Especially, untiring efforts of the project teams devoted to the development and implementation of PV-technologies during the long period, ranging from the start of R&amp;amp;amp;D of monocrystal PV-cells in 1959 to the mass production of amorphous PV-cells in 1983, constructed the firm foundation for the industrialization of PV technologies, as described in what follows. &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</summary> <author><name>Administrator1</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=First-Hand:The_Nickel_Plate_Gold_Mine_and_the_Bering_River_Coal_Field&amp;diff=155433&amp;oldid=153435</id> <title>First-Hand:The Nickel Plate Gold Mine and the Bering River Coal Field</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=First-Hand:The_Nickel_Plate_Gold_Mine_and_the_Bering_River_Coal_Field&amp;diff=155433&amp;oldid=153435"/> <updated>2017-07-04T11:31:43Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;The Bering River Coal Field&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:31, 4 July 2017&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l144&quot; &gt;Line 144:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 144:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;At the end of his work in Hedley, Wes went home and married before his brother Myron called him back to action for a second time.&amp;#160; This call was to assist Myron in developing the Bering River coal field and building a railroad into it for the Guggenheim interests that were part of the Alaska Syndicate [2.2].&amp;#160; The syndicate was trying to develop the mineral rights in that area of Alaska.&amp;#160; The Bering River coal field development was under the Katalla Company that included the Copper River &amp;amp; Northwestern Railway Company (CR&amp;amp;NW), the Copper River Line and the Bering River Line to the coal fields.&amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;At the end of his work in Hedley, Wes went home and married before his brother Myron called him back to action for a second time.&amp;#160; This call was to assist Myron in developing the Bering River coal field and building a railroad into it for the Guggenheim interests that were part of the Alaska Syndicate [2.2].&amp;#160; The syndicate was trying to develop the mineral rights in that area of Alaska.&amp;#160; The Bering River coal field development was under the Katalla Company that included the Copper River &amp;amp; Northwestern Railway Company (CR&amp;amp;NW), the Copper River Line and the Bering River Line to the coal fields.&amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Michael James Heney [2.3] began to build the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;CN&amp;amp;NW railroad &lt;/del&gt;from Cordova in 1906, but retired and sold his interests to the Alaska Syndicate in October 1906.&amp;#160; However, by this time the syndicate had decided to build a deep water port facility at Palm Point near Katalla to serve their Bering River coal fields.&amp;#160; Myron Rodgers had proposed a solid rock breakwater that was to be 2100 feet long with a 1100 foot wing.&amp;#160; It was to be built using huge boulders to withstand the storms.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Michael James Heney [2.3] began to build the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Copper River Railroad &lt;/ins&gt;from Cordova in 1906 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;to serve the Kennecott Copper Mine&lt;/ins&gt;, but retired and sold his interests to the Alaska Syndicate in October 1906.&amp;#160; However, by this time the syndicate had decided to build a deep water port facility at Palm Point near Katalla to serve their Bering River coal fields.&amp;#160; Myron Rodgers had proposed a solid rock breakwater that was to be 2100 feet long with a 1100 foot wing.&amp;#160; It was to be built using huge boulders to withstand the storms.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{#display_map: &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{#display_map: &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l227&quot; &gt;Line 227:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 227:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A map was located that details much of the construction described by Wes [2.6].&amp;#160; Its title is shown below, and it has 1000 foot section marks (X0) on the Bering River Line:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A map was located that details much of the construction described by Wes [2.6].&amp;#160; Its title is shown below, and it has 1000 foot section marks (X0) on the Bering River Line:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;! Station !! Approx. !! Coordinates!!Description&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;! Station !! Approx. !! Coordinates!!Description&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l469&quot; &gt;Line 469:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 469:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Epilogue==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Epilogue==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Page 8.jpg|thumb|right|350px| From an Octoiber 1921 stock notice for the Alaska Coke &amp;amp; Coal Company.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Page 8.jpg|thumb|right|350px| From an Octoiber 1921 stock notice for the Alaska Coke &amp;amp; Coal Company.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;(WPR)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(WPR)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It was late 1917 when Wesley Rodgers arrived home to his farm and family near New Eagle, PA.&amp;#160; It appears that he returned to Seattle once more to meet with the reorganized Alaskan Anthracite Railroad now part of the Alaska Coke and Coal Company identified in an October 1921 perspective.&amp;#160; A map (shown on the right) in this&amp;#160; perspective provides the route of the railroad and its proposed extension to the ocean that was never built.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It was late 1917 when Wesley Rodgers arrived home to his farm and family near New Eagle, PA.&amp;#160; It appears that he returned to Seattle once more to meet with the reorganized Alaskan Anthracite Railroad now part of the Alaska Coke and Coal Company identified in an October 1921 perspective.&amp;#160; A map (shown on the right) in this&amp;#160; perspective provides the route of the railroad and its proposed extension to the ocean that was never built.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l514&quot; &gt;Line 514:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 514:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;2.12&amp;#160; East Copper River Delta Landscape Assessment Cordova Ranger District Chugach National Forest (28 July 2004)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;2.12&amp;#160; East Copper River Delta Landscape Assessment Cordova Ranger District Chugach National Forest (28 July 2004)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Fossil_fuels&lt;/del&gt;|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Fossil fuels&lt;/ins&gt;|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Mining|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Mining|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Civil_engineering&lt;/del&gt;|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Civil engineering&lt;/ins&gt;|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Mining_engineering&lt;/del&gt;|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Mining engineering&lt;/ins&gt;|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Rail_transportation&lt;/del&gt;|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Rail transportation&lt;/ins&gt;|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</summary> <author><name>Rrphillips</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Eimac&amp;diff=155432&amp;oldid=155368</id> <title>Eimac</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Eimac&amp;diff=155432&amp;oldid=155368"/> <updated>2017-07-04T01:46:10Z</updated> <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Acknowledgements and request for comments, photos, memorabilia etc.: &lt;/span&gt; contact&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt; &lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt; &lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:46, 4 July 2017&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan='4' style='text-align: center;' class='diff-multi' lang='en'&gt;(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l63&quot; &gt;Line 63:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 63:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Then there was the semiconductor company that operated within Eimac’s San Carlos facility. Communications Transistor Corporation, known as CTC, was a Varian-funded startup around 1969, when some Fairchild Semiconductor employees were hired and later operated at the Eimac plant from 1975 until 1981 when Varian sold the business to Acrian.  During that period CTC led in state-of-the-art RF semiconductors and competed with Motorola Semiconductor. In 1991, the CTC; now Acrian assets and technology were acquired by Ericsson and GHZ Technology. Ironically, Varian was directly involved with the semiconductor industry, the very thing that would eventually displace power grid tubes for RF amplifiers. Today many vacuum tube transmitters continue to operate, but since the 1990’s solid state technology has become the norm for new high power RF amplifiers&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;$&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;.  &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Then there was the semiconductor company that operated within Eimac’s San Carlos facility. Communications Transistor Corporation, known as CTC, was a Varian-funded startup around 1969, when some Fairchild Semiconductor employees were hired and later operated at the Eimac plant from 1975 until 1981 when Varian sold the business to Acrian.  During that period CTC led in state-of-the-art RF semiconductors and competed with Motorola Semiconductor. In 1991, the CTC; now Acrian assets and technology were acquired by Ericsson and GHZ Technology. Ironically, Varian was directly involved with the semiconductor industry, the very thing that would eventually displace power grid tubes for RF amplifiers. Today many vacuum tube transmitters continue to operate, but since the 1990’s solid state technology has become the norm for new high power RF amplifiers&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;$&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;.  &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Little has been published about the Nuclear Battery that Eimac developed for the Sandia Laboratories National Laboratory. Built at the San Carlos plant around 1961, it was intended for &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;deep &lt;/del&gt;space applications. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Little has &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ever &lt;/ins&gt;been published about the Nuclear Battery that Eimac developed for the Sandia Laboratories National Laboratory. Built at the San Carlos plant around 1961, it was intended for &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;orbiting &lt;/ins&gt;space applications&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;. Apparently the nuclear lab was setup in a closed room and no hazard signs posted, it was somewhat of a cold war secret project that never eventuated. The nuclear battery / cell used Tritium and it was introduced into a vial and a reaction occurred that generated an electrical current. Tritium was used to build neutron guns at that time&lt;/ins&gt;. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In 1995, Leonard Green &amp;amp; Partners purchased the Electron Device Business which included the Eimac divisions from Varian and formed Communications &amp;amp; Power Industries, Inc. now operating under parent company CPI International (CPII).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In 1995, Leonard Green &amp;amp; Partners purchased the Electron Device Business which included the Eimac divisions from Varian and formed Communications &amp;amp; Power Industries, Inc. now operating under parent company CPI International (CPII).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l115&quot; &gt;Line 115:&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 115:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Acknowledgements and request for comments, photos, memorabilia etc.&amp;#160; ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Acknowledgements and request for comments, photos, memorabilia etc.&amp;#160; ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Much of the information collected here is a result of gracious and sharing individuals. If you can assist in expanding any information, please ask &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;any member of IEEE to help you upload information here, or contact &lt;/del&gt;the IEEE History Committee &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;- who will be ecstatic to assist. (&lt;/del&gt;''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;or; &lt;/del&gt;e-mail David at&amp;amp;nbsp; ''[mailto:k3hz@ieee.org ''k3hz@ieee.org'']&amp;amp;nbsp;) &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Much of the information collected here is a result of gracious and sharing individuals. If you can assist in expanding any information, please ask the IEEE History Committee &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;or &lt;/ins&gt;''e-mail David &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Burger &lt;/ins&gt;at&amp;amp;nbsp; ''[mailto:k3hz@ieee.org ''k3hz@ieee.org'']&amp;amp;nbsp;) &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A special thanks to: &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A special thanks to: &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</summary> <author><name>K3hz</name></author> </entry> </feed>