CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134b71eda465f7b',cH: 'C_nkIMByflADToq_p8QNk.JoXTNLcSiWLsXJta5tlww-1739784171-1.2.1.1-qzWNzc9n9hW9NODQnyQHZM8i0_66SmwRz8wRKGDSPqPZft6m4Hs8WWbENcj.7uq7',cUPMDTk: "\/46\/endnote?__cf_chl_tk=uaIyF07pW3YCFd.UUp5DQfZWzDWESgNe44uYTSKBb5o-1739784171-1.0.1.1-zFesoGaAoMUoE343d6Nvond0zmhg2P13BGEK1tlIDFE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739784171',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/46\/endnote?__cf_chl_f_tk=uaIyF07pW3YCFd.UUp5DQfZWzDWESgNe44uYTSKBb5o-1739784171-1.0.1.1-zFesoGaAoMUoE343d6Nvond0zmhg2P13BGEK1tlIDFE",md: "cQhjwGrYuc59LUD7b_t4gjTc.itJp5.RVkK4HieuVGg-1739784171-1.2.1.1-9fUPVaKbp.1UTSl.PTELLqAG7Ee934e9_fVlDiOZU0tawnvz0pI38ut_V.fSKXBu8OxeGgMFnzuRZEVV1UBO2C5cQ_zoK5LnuCHv7smIVjdod7C_TolPPWbKv5obdGr1aa74U2Mw4.iCAc9gD60eTACaHPLqD.UJX9jRbWEfJZ3rF7RKx5ipjcGi6rrM3qbueNVOWSsnqpAe3MIzSpUjA6JO0zoog4T9I14.eqG.5EFhDKatUGo.9W02lx_jWs.GBfFXlfS0kLxDxGouq.wwil87etwNVgydw6VE9o8GLqoIryUahFXf0JVfrj9U74lvY5vC.9jo0Xn1oYREWjbmFIZ47tgfD6IalC3_cb71Anlbcn3gGlSGCkxozn6mm50cJ2icVtlvwGafW1ccr.KDxm6pTTGFjWDSfq.iOug9lKdNfXS9DvPn2aOj_rDdnQtB6zQpj9OkEdmNOYnTbacQuivZ.sSNOOJjsKkHnizqaEDoWbbNHY_dbeqWPJiXxo.iDF_yS3vM0Z_1A1a8bOPYz_tLHrfPZmRrE5svQW9YiXXc8dtO5L2dLFx7U5X3cb6WJi_SufLhDCm0mrF1BYupu4zRsjDB0VhgVrmGzK2flmNAnpW7zAotb_tnk3B9MhFHDMttcpHt3fG8fSVQYx_9_yd8TLZTSg3troT7Ix5kzwcCIQGyjbLsminypJFveQZ88FPgYTFNr.am97PTKFBKpgi6k1yj4aPwjjJvaTISuQXNV3QhLZnOCWgmjHp4ahST1q.DczL2TQLw6f.Cb3rTYt8XYxVCd_1nDv4dbQy1AMwQO04kGO.06QXWB7QwIv8Qk1bMTRzFJCkZHM9._jq2jHoVl1PGJM8wCsXh5lHacwnObk3aMUNQjv5Qpeg_EVijBLXQ5io0Pq67jqbmCiiwpfroavs2d1BCe7MnZHpPj2cUjUbuQwigve6xSaV.9eIuynGHhb0UL9scRxxQTGIbZ7_FkEVlz0j1Ey_.66tIb.s_oXgxGni_0tsnUJfqU59jNR2oTyIMDmFrEyfjtmNPreSHqk_bDKEMKG3KVHPabJ5vCYBZjoX2vRBRu1KLjx.30rWp5Mnm8A.fy39l5dc.pugfM3nyvHym1B4XnsvBjA1B85ann1RmY1bTZmjAP3de8rkOnc0QmJ7brZ.S4gAgdoiZDAp9_GwW5HH.lLz0v09vNY5gDYGaIvLJIOVEzgolZ4sxux9f7N23d21ooVxjAFZSlE_OlTgqsHU8wrNEqRwtnsSaEI0DD76K1_0DoBTPyx4_Ph892EWj4GRICiwwgvtANh7vYrheTlHG3pFT_NGJ16iGycave4aRCQShFMm4MlPVPDtqvt0UM18F0EHmXvTj7pexiwpmOhMGBAauX.428N2evUD02fmPTSL5ZW.tE1j8JgQgayaSA12muLfRDdmbb0QiuFwk.orFE4QeB1vmp6lgQ887iNzzL_7QAiONbh5LT5q_PGr067gY.NALel8fkLyMwwp0UzLRiOWyU44FfU_zz0eTkkH3ipDBHpjXqCogFJ0oTKRRBzgZ4LoJuRuz2FHTtjEwcxiA.bQDcUcCExDS_G_7RWjfmDKs6T8_.I2HIMyLttT_ZIvOQbMthqQ51Pyj7YD5DmcewIQ7EEYhp5tCnmgU7yVAQzcy4swHWMoshSLWnW5DgarXYswWTs96oSH9hchZuugTEcbAbrfpZ.yPemlfJoU.wVvupOLDn..ZOwnFaiSS50LABli6uUtJ.6wAkKKya_k.U0de4XM68Xwtx_l5Kd98niU9WvAFZsRZR46bpwq3AU8l21GwHwYYaox.748O2MfuAltR5Y0uRHG3UKHW8MMmFLDtejxTZIGkcYoJqRdAP2EmPVfrqZTmWwoIduzRqX9p8hPGtOU",mdrd: "FJMgwussxuZppQF_I.of1lxa87qpbyGiOWJMLzkpS2U-1739784171-1.2.1.1-SEW4pFNQ9Q3b.I49HXN3t1Oz221WHGqlJ.gpPc_0x5oeIF.u4EZrppquGZOUX9Dj4xeVr4wueOgh8NUG8vBjIk.6Pykljap6rAyeY072B2BnH7aT65hoAOs5t4IRciIz.vu3gZii5QjDI2YnS.eRYQqgAocrA536Z.77mUGOGxEGmvkrhQyLhChapbV1c3.oMsp.xJ3LSpIiDVb1muYeC19DlpqLKoJ6EZp_28KjbPq2s_0.Vt6gbDEhazvqZAHHwa3wjlfJCXMyhFH7FwYzZYNtUstPlq4tC68PelJddRPDxTKeWbstXGB_8OinyzoFROpG1vd8iGEZ68079Dncj02I_KsBoy18HNQ0c2lwCqHUuOtYUkEM0qOhYmnOfxYg7y8qMaD4EeIF4idwMIaLXJMOiLOCaGRuw4AP9LKG42H3vKwdMGnwNw9O2afmwtSHBwxkPlJ6C5eJpNKjO5Bee_SEEqvUKp7eP60UXsRlsUrrTZF3vsP0z65JE6QAZ00qvI1q0mj6tIwrjXaZYH13IpqIej4WUtL18DQX1A7avggMCjt.OazI0xCNuOd8TbPx9FJ3nDAsf69TfEHZFqXGHmQnced81dykP6XfrEkpOCWIg6d.16AauukYRdJUCJv8MUzZBpaYOxZMHJKaW4oZNPG3uwi39EOUxfUIQWPUf8uA2JA5tCTJvSfv5qagnH0NAEbUgoTC6o__6HKPcJujQf_X9lj1q210yP8xOYLZIwUzs6dwDUW61q5pX1AYoGiYNi8wOXInFm7eZyP2_Nfr.pFc0005Rbk_BfBKR5bcoVXyKK0PE4bbYqBvjNTXJYcIc9GXOAVK7Gvc0WU0HNUY13545GiwWnoGDQ7YUpuoam7d0qj.HR8gUDy1HdPlc4Ydb60h7rSnintDPs28ubOo6l2SKOLSGNM.2zDTLsyMXkgHfoGHusRD3RUpfBs.BAm2t1IUFIfJI_pS1LrJuswBjqzzii0ikiuU8.eySY5PGv8VxM_40Pb7bA_6.2qYd4fre_PCq_Z7ksyjFeIvfsZ7JwYvbyoTOl2VBH_9yEM402eFaOtQgKXO1OzYVLRUD6f78gd35Mmnl7fmL4fDNr66rABgH9qvdigTMo8VWZBAUPFU.eiXNiG89eNbAVAl0cHGJtiIZhQ.SVv9yCFJDsi4xncWKuzV2cVSnMDdg6TnndtOvB13Kihi3LA_9NDrMrhte4BY9r_aNrslUfEOLZmqR44zUra1CDcB5oMfYq7QKukLBKG7glgxF3mHXwCBcgy2CHHlFwWaT3AbVsyP4WaZdD_yP3iPClRe6DG4UDiAPXXwIjh41.Kcu4ntsWbHCPPEjZwoqQ1VtPlPF4xWNCn7czqE7lzUP3yQhUY89ak5wUjO6k28UD_LdqFFAI5p8KLVJlwYgIQmslvVtTYwFXuLLMCzVtcbYeC7n4rzZ1uEgC1.UqSyQKRiVNS6hSx7RsKNL9HhSa9HYlxZvcV1SMZcVSpxmEodjrA4Pw7bpMsBpciv4DAvdJLL5F6cJK0neck3CDYVCGl4Ypch1mms_xCZjuWwrC65wHkDkEaur4heqsrFh30xL6XG_o4hfhhZpPPFDGwjn6vgrTXJOr8bFTaHS6tq0Gw80d54sirPHog6h30NMYrdGPD71GktnOqrN_pqTeo0mQ1xVnJ47mRkEcY9dj_iMZvEdbezmUoktZPksxMnmKUJEv_RqhJDz3cK5pOFA4Z1ayWd8fcZ8gmrstneqKfA41oG1dYIeOn2MKRymPc5PXTSQJ2OiKDCmoioxz0_dMjXyJsqbQZsJIdM0UyBune84Cy6Ld9zmJBXKs0DSwOsH2AE_PmceXLCigtwz9..o1XnTe4e2INFw3vnd9VjhYKTfMMdUqE_22rxoih5T1BM.R8deYN0ukEEfdjbD_EUfLUwdwrhcZPqS67Qb.hb4Pjac0ZOwkeAZ96laJizIEYdSCFb.3hkcE1L1.JL5kT0IGFs74yGVxaYykqJLfkb7A"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134b71eda465f7b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/46\/endnote?__cf_chl_rt_tk=uaIyF07pW3YCFd.UUp5DQfZWzDWESgNe44uYTSKBb5o-1739784171-1.0.1.1-zFesoGaAoMUoE343d6Nvond0zmhg2P13BGEK1tlIDFE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>