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<span>Locations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Locations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alleged_connection_to_Nazi_looted_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alleged_connection_to_Nazi_looted_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alleged connection to Nazi looted art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alleged_connection_to_Nazi_looted_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_fraud_scandal_and_closure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_fraud_scandal_and_closure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Art fraud scandal and closure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_fraud_scandal_and_closure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lawsuits_and_claims_related_to_sales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawsuits_and_claims_related_to_sales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Lawsuits and claims related to sales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lawsuits_and_claims_related_to_sales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Archive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Defunct New York City art dealership</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M._Knoedler_%26_Co._(interior.),_from_Robert_N._Dennis_collection_of_stereoscopic_views.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/M._Knoedler_%26_Co._%28interior.%29%2C_from_Robert_N._Dennis_collection_of_stereoscopic_views.jpg/370px-M._Knoedler_%26_Co._%28interior.%29%2C_from_Robert_N._Dennis_collection_of_stereoscopic_views.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/M._Knoedler_%26_Co._%28interior.%29%2C_from_Robert_N._Dennis_collection_of_stereoscopic_views.jpg/555px-M._Knoedler_%26_Co._%28interior.%29%2C_from_Robert_N._Dennis_collection_of_stereoscopic_views.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/M._Knoedler_%26_Co._%28interior.%29%2C_from_Robert_N._Dennis_collection_of_stereoscopic_views.jpg/740px-M._Knoedler_%26_Co._%28interior.%29%2C_from_Robert_N._Dennis_collection_of_stereoscopic_views.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2601" data-file-height="1298" /></a><figcaption>Stereoscopic photograph of the Knoedler gallery interior, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1860–1880</span></figcaption></figure> <p><b>M. Knoedler & Co.</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an <a href="/wiki/Art_dealer" title="Art dealer">art dealership</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> founded in 1846. When it closed in 2011, amid lawsuits for fraud,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">commercial art galleries</a> in the US, having been in operation for 165 years.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoedler&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knoedler dated its origin to 1846, when French dealers <a href="/wiki/Goupil_%26_Cie" title="Goupil & Cie">Goupil & Cie</a> opened a branch in New York. Goupil & Cie was an extremely dynamic print-publishing house founded in Paris in 1827.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michel (later Michael) Knoedler (1823–1878), born in <a href="/wiki/Alfdorf" title="Alfdorf">Kapf</a> near <a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd" title="Schwäbisch Gmünd">Schwäbisch Gmünd</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>, Germany, started to work for Goupil & Cie in Paris in 1844, and moved to New York in 1852 to take charge of the New York branch.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanity-Fair-Question-Provenance_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanity-Fair-Question-Provenance-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He purchased the U.S. arm of the business in 1857, and was later joined by his sons Roland (1856–1932), Edmond and Charles, with Roland taking the lead after his father's death in 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanity-Fair-Question-Provenance_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanity-Fair-Question-Provenance-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With dealer <a href="/wiki/Charles_Carstairs" title="Charles Carstairs">Charles Carstairs</a>, Knoedler opened branches in Paris (1895), Pittsburgh (1897), and London (1908),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, under Carstairs' influence developed a reputation as a leading dealer of <a href="/wiki/Old_Master_paintings" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Master paintings">Old Master paintings</a>, with customers including collectors such as <a href="/wiki/Collis_P._Huntington" class="mw-redirect" title="Collis P. Huntington">Collis P. Huntington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Vanderbilt" title="Cornelius Vanderbilt">Cornelius Vanderbilt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_O._Havemeyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry O. Havemeyer">Henry O. Havemeyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Rockefeller" class="mw-redirect" title="William Rockefeller">William Rockefeller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_P._Chrysler_Jr." title="Walter P. Chrysler Jr.">Walter P. Chrysler Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor" title="John Jacob Astor">John Jacob Astor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mellon" title="Andrew Mellon">Andrew Mellon</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">J. P. Morgan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay_Frick" title="Henry Clay Frick">Henry Clay Frick</a>, and institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Louvre" class="mw-redirect" title="The Louvre">the Louvre</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Tate_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Tate Gallery">Tate Gallery</a>. Knoedler & Co. became part of an elite group of art dealerships, which dominated the market for British painting in America.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Knoedler developed a fruitful relationship with London gallery <a href="/wiki/Colnaghi" title="Colnaghi">Colnaghi</a>, with Colnaghi finding suitable paintings in Europe for Knoedler to sell to wealthy collectors in the US. Knoedler and <a href="/wiki/Colnaghi" title="Colnaghi">Colnaghi</a> were involved in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_sale_of_Hermitage_paintings" title="Soviet sale of Hermitage paintings">secret sales by the Soviet government</a> of works from the Russian Imperial collection in the <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage</a> in the 1920s and 1930s, along with <a href="/wiki/Matthiesen" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthiesen">Matthiesen</a> in Berlin. </p><p>After Roland Knoedler retired in 1928, the management of the firm passed to his nephew Charles Henschel, with Carmen Mesmore, Charles Carstairs and his son <a href="/wiki/Carroll_Carstairs" title="Carroll Carstairs">Carroll Carstairs</a>. Henschel died in 1956, and E. Coe Kerr and Roland Balay (Michael Knoedler's grandson) took over. The firm was sold to industrialist and collector <a href="/wiki/Armand_Hammer" title="Armand Hammer">Armand Hammer</a> for $2.5 million in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanity-Fair-Question-Provenance_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanity-Fair-Question-Provenance-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five years later, the last member of the Knoedler family - Roland Balay - ceased his involvement in the management of the firm. It increasingly concentrated on <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary art</a> from the late 1970s. After Hammer's death in 1990, the Hammer foundation continued to hold a controlling interest in the gallery until it closed in 2011, when <a href="/wiki/Michael_Armand_Hammer" title="Michael Armand Hammer">Michael Armand Hammer</a> (Armand Hammer's grandson) was its chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-Artnet-lawyers-chase-Hammer_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artnet-lawyers-chase-Hammer-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Locations">Locations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoedler&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Locations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goupil_Broadway_woodcut.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Goupil_Broadway_woodcut.png/220px-Goupil_Broadway_woodcut.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Goupil_Broadway_woodcut.png/330px-Goupil_Broadway_woodcut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Goupil_Broadway_woodcut.png/440px-Goupil_Broadway_woodcut.png 2x" data-file-width="651" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>First location of the gallery on the Broadway (wood engraving, 1854)</figcaption></figure> <p>The art dealership occupied eight different locations, starting on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a>. By the 1890s, it operated from a <a href="/wiki/Row_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Row house">row house</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a> and <a href="/wiki/34th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="34th Street (Manhattan)">34th Street</a>. By 1911, the row house was scheduled to be demolished to make way for the <a href="/wiki/B._Altman_and_Company_Building" title="B. Altman and Company Building">B. Altman and Company Building</a>, so Knoedler moved to a new building at 556 Fifth Avenue, designed by <a href="/wiki/Carr%C3%A8re_and_Hastings" title="Carrère and Hastings">Carrère and Hastings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-elegance-sold-art_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-elegance-sold-art-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Knoedler then moved to another new building by Carrère and Hastings at 14 East <a href="/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="57th Street (Manhattan)">57th Street</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Madison_Avenue" title="Madison Avenue">Madison Avenue</a>, in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-elegance-sold-art_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-elegance-sold-art-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970, the firm incurred significant costs in refurbishing new premises in an Italian Renaissance-style town house at 19 East <a href="/wiki/70th_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="70th Street (Manhattan)">70th Street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-elegance-sold-art_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-elegance-sold-art-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knoedler held a 150-year retrospective in 1996, exhibiting works such as <a href="/wiki/John_Singleton_Copley" title="John Singleton Copley">John Singleton Copley</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Watson_and_the_Shark" title="Watson and the Shark">Watson and the Shark</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eakins" title="Thomas Eakins">Thomas Eakins</a>'s <i>Music</i>, and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Plum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Plum">The Plum</a></i>, with loans from 15 institutions, including the <a href="/wiki/Corcoran_Gallery_of_Art" title="Corcoran Gallery of Art">Corcoran Gallery of Art</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a>, a coup for a commercial gallery. </p><p>In February 2011, the gallery sold its premises at 19 East 70th Street for $31 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Artnet-selling-space-etc_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artnet-selling-space-etc-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, the gallery attempted to auction a portion of its remaining inventory of artworks.<sup id="cite_ref-Blouin-Artinfo-Auction-fails_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blouin-Artinfo-Auction-fails-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alleged_connection_to_Nazi_looted_art">Alleged connection to Nazi looted art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoedler&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Alleged connection to Nazi looted art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knoedler was involved in several high profile lawsuits involving Nazi looted art, including a <a href="/wiki/Matisse" class="mw-redirect" title="Matisse">Matisse</a> confiscated by the Nazis in 1941 from the Rosenberg family which Knoedler acquired in 1954 and which was eventually donated to the Seattle Art Museum in 1996 by Virginia and Prentice Bloedel,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an <a href="/wiki/El_Greco" title="El Greco">El Greco</a> seized by the Gestapo in 1944. The El Greco painting, <i>Portrait of a Gentleman</i>, was listed in exhibition catalogues as being in the collection of New York’s Knoedler & Co, who bought the painting from the Viennese dealer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Mont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Mont (page does not exist)">Frederick Mont</a>, a dealer who worked with the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a>, according to Anne Webber, co-chair of the Commission for Looted Art in Europe. Both paintings were restituted after lawsuits were filed.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003 the Springfield Library and Museum Association sued Knoedler for loss of a $3 million painting that it had to return to the museum to Italy as war loot.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knoedler was also involved in the long-running Cassirer v Thyssen case concerning a <a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a> painting, <i>Rue St. Honoré, après midi, effet de pluie</i>. The art dealer <a href="/wiki/Frank_Perls" title="Frank Perls">Frank Perls</a> placed the painting on consignment with Knoedler on behalf of Sidney Brody. There it was purchased by Sydney Schoenberg, an art collector in St. Louis, Missouri who sent it to the <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hahn_(art_dealer)" title="Stephen Hahn (art dealer)">Stephen Hahn Gallery</a>, from which <a href="/wiki/Baron_Hans_Heinrich_Thyssen-Bornemisza" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza">Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza</a> of Lugano, Switzerland purchased it in October 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_fraud_scandal_and_closure">Art fraud scandal and closure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoedler&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Art fraud scandal and closure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The gallery's president <a href="/wiki/Ann_Freedman" title="Ann Freedman">Ann Freedman</a><sup id="cite_ref-Artnews-ignored-warnings_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artnews-ignored-warnings-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resigned in October 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-gallery-closing-news_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-gallery-closing-news-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> amid rumours of forged paintings supplied to the gallery by <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> art dealer Glafira Rosales.<sup id="cite_ref-Observer-gallery-settles-suits_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Observer-gallery-settles-suits-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was later discovered that between 1994 and 2011, under Freedman's direction, the gallery had sold almost 40<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> faked <a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract Expressionist</a> paintings of works by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Motherwell" title="Robert Motherwell">Robert Motherwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Pollock" title="Jackson Pollock">Jackson Pollock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rothko" title="Mark Rothko">Mark Rothko</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-Arnet-gallery-not-profitable_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnet-gallery-not-profitable-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Freedman had purchased the paintings for Knoedler from Glafira Rosales, who had in turn obtained the fake paintings from the art forger Pei-Shen Qian (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">錢培琛</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Trial-testimony-feb-2016_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trial-testimony-feb-2016-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-forger-article_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-forger-article-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qian had reportedly painted the forgeries in a garage in Queens, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-Soles-suit-continues_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-Soles-suit-continues-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qian was able to imitate the styles of the masters, and give the paintings an illusion of age by using tea or dirt from a vacuum cleaner, dirtying their appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is reported to have received less than US$9,000 for each painting from Rosales, while Rosales sold the paintings for millions of dollars to Knoedler.<sup id="cite_ref-NatPost-general_info_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatPost-general_info-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A statement issued on 28 November 2011 by Knoedler stated simply that it was closing permanently for business reasons,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-gallery-closing-news_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-gallery-closing-news-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> unrelated to the lawsuits it faced over the sale of forged paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanty-Fair-inside-meltdown_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanty-Fair-inside-meltdown-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2012, the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> was investigating "at least two dozen paintings"<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-second-suit-by-couple_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-second-suit-by-couple-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that were supplied to the gallery by Glafira Rosales. While Rosales initially claimed not to have defrauded anyone,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-Artists-family-warned-knoedler_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-Artists-family-warned-knoedler-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2013, she pleaded guilty to selling over 60 fake works of art to two New York art galleries, conspiracy to commit money laundering, money laundering and tax evasion,<sup id="cite_ref-FBOI-Rosales-pleads-guilty_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBOI-Rosales-pleads-guilty-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and wire fraud.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She served three months in jail.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, Rosales was ordered to pay $81 million to the victims of the Knoedler art-fraud scheme,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but received leniency in sentencing due to her cooperation with the US government.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spanish art dealer José Carlos Bergantiños Díaz (Rosales' boyfriend) and his brother Jesús Ángel Bergantiños Díaz were also indicted in US District Court for the fraud.<sup id="cite_ref-Justice-indictment-quian-et-al_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Justice-indictment-quian-et-al-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Díaz brothers were arrested in Spain,<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian-forger-turns-up-2014_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-forger-turns-up-2014-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and released on bail, in 2014. In 2016, a Spanish court ruled that Jesús Díaz could be extradited to the US.<sup id="cite_ref-AP-Diaz-Extradittion_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-Diaz-Extradittion-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, a Spanish court ruled that Jesús' brother, José Díaz, could not be extradited to the US for health reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-Artforum-no-extradition_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artforum-no-extradition-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The art forger who painted the fakes, Pei-Shen Qian, was indicted but avoided prosecution by fleeing to China.<sup id="cite_ref-Trial-testimony-feb-2016_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trial-testimony-feb-2016-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Authorities said at the moment of the trial that he earned sums ranging from several hundred dollars to as much as $9,000 to create a work.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Barry_Avrich" title="Barry Avrich">Barry Avrich</a> directed and produced the Netflix film, <i><a href="/wiki/Made_You_Look:_A_True_Story_About_Fake_Art" title="Made You Look: A True Story About Fake Art">Made You Look: A True Story About Fake Art</a></i>, a documentary on the Knoedler Gallery forgery scandal.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daria Price's feature documentary about the scandal and trial, <i>Driven to Abstraction</i>, premiered in London in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Driven-to-Abstraction_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Driven-to-Abstraction-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lawsuits_and_claims_related_to_sales">Lawsuits and claims related to sales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoedler&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lawsuits and claims related to sales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2003, <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> executive Jack Levy bought an untitled Jackson Pollock painting for $2 million, but when the <a href="/wiki/International_Foundation_for_Art_Research" title="International Foundation for Art Research">International Foundation for Art Research</a> declined to authenticate the work,<sup id="cite_ref-Vanity-Fair-Question-Provenance_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanity-Fair-Question-Provenance-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Levy asked for and received his money back.<sup id="cite_ref-Canadian_Business1_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canadian_Business1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 2003 the Springfield Library and Museum Association sued Knoedler for loss of a $3 million painting, <i>Spring Sowing</i> by <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Bassano" title="Jacopo Bassano">Jacopo da Ponte (Il Bassano)</a> which Springfield had been obliged to restitute to Italy after the painting was proven to have been war loot.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The day before the gallery closed in November 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-gallery-closing-news_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-gallery-closing-news-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belgian <a href="/wiki/Hedge_fund" title="Hedge fund">hedge-fund</a> manager <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lagrange" title="Pierre Lagrange">Pierre Lagrange</a> sued the gallery in relation to the work <i>Untitled 1950</i>, which Knoedler attributed to Jackson Pollock.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanty-Fair-inside-meltdown_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanty-Fair-inside-meltdown-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lagrange had purchased the painting for $17 million in 2007, on the understanding that it would be included in a supplement to the Pollock <a href="/wiki/Catalogue_raisonn%C3%A9" title="Catalogue raisonné">catalogue raisonné</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CourthouseNews-Lagrange-detials_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CourthouseNews-Lagrange-detials-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was later claimed<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (February 2016)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> that no such supplement was planned; tests later showed that some of the paint used was not available until some years after Pollock's death.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanity-Fair-Question-Provenance_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanity-Fair-Question-Provenance-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suit was settled out of court in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, <a href="/wiki/Domenico_De_Sole" title="Domenico De Sole">Domenico De Sole</a> and his wife Eleanore claimed that the gallery sold them a fake <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rothko" title="Mark Rothko">Mark Rothko</a>, <i>Untitled 1956</i>, for $8.3 million in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-second-suit-by-couple_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-second-suit-by-couple-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lawsuit, with Knoedler and Ann Freedman as defendants, went to trial in January 2016. The Soles settled out of court with Freedman on February 7, 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_R0thko-suit-settled_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_R0thko-suit-settled-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but continued their suit against Knoedler.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-Soles-suit-continues_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-Soles-suit-continues-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wall Street executive <a href="/wiki/John_D._Howard" class="mw-redirect" title="John D. Howard">John D. Howard</a> sued Knoedler and its former director Ann Freedman in 2012, claiming that a <a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Willem de Kooning</a> painting that he bought for $4 million in 2007 was a fake. The suit was settled out of court in December 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Artnet-Howard-suit_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artnet-Howard-suit-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021 the estate of <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Thaw" title="Eugene V. Thaw">Eugene Thaw</a> reached a settlement agreement with the heirs of <a href="/wiki/Margarete_Eisenmann" title="Margarete Eisenmann">Margarete Eisenmann</a> concerning <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Cranach_the_Elder" title="Lucas Cranach the Elder">Lucas Cranach the Elder</a>'s <i>The Resurrection</i> which had passed through <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Perls" title="Hugo Perls">Hugo Perls</a> and the Knoedler Gallery before reaching Thaw.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eisenmann had been deported to <a href="/wiki/Theriesenstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Theriesenstadt">Theriesenstandt</a> in September 1942 and killed at the <a href="/wiki/Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Treblinka extermination camp">Treblinka concentration camp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archive">Archive</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoedler&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Archive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Getty_Research_Institute" title="Getty Research Institute">Getty Research Institute</a> announced that it had purchased the majority of the gallery's archives, dating from 1850 to 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-Getty-buys-Archives_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Getty-buys-Archives-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Getty subsequently digitized parts of the archive and made them available online. With the exception of the reference library, which the Knoedler Gallery sold separately in January 2012, and which consists of titles already in the Getty Research Institute's library, this acquisition represents the complete archive of the gallery's operations from the 1850s to 1971, when it was acquired by Armand Hammer. The archival material includes business records; correspondence among clients, artists, and Knoedler staff; card files on clients and artworks; photographs; prints; rare books; sales catalogs dating to the 18th century; and gallery installation plans.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Paul_Mellon_Centre_for_Studies_in_British_Art" title="Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art">Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art</a> in London holds the Frank Simpson Archive, a substantial proportion of which comprises records from the London office of M. Knoedler & Co., dating from the early 1900s to 1971, which were acquired by Simpson whilst working there as Librarian from 1958-1971.<sup id="cite_ref-PMC_website_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMC_website-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This material includes over five hundred files which contain correspondence, images and pedigree information concerning approximately four to five thousand works of art, the majority of which passed through Knoedler salerooms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoedler&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qcsxk698Vgk&t=15m22s">"Meet Ann Freedman"</a>. 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January 30, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Knoelder+Gallery+again+accused+of+fraud+in+new+lawsuit&rft.date=2013-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F01%2F30%2Fknoedler-gallery-again-accused-of-fraud-in-new-lawsuit%2F%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoedler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://getpocket.com/explore/item/how-to-spot-a-perfect-fake-the-world-s-top-art-forgery-detective">"How to Spot a Perfect Fake: The World's Top Art Forgery Detective"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Spot+a+Perfect+Fake%3A+The+World%27s+Top+Art+Forgery+Detective&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgetpocket.com%2Fexplore%2Fitem%2Fhow-to-spot-a-perfect-fake-the-world-s-top-art-forgery-detective&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoedler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8sq91rk/entire_text/">"Finding aid for the M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Knoedler+Gallery+Director+Settles+Lawsuit+Over+Fake+Rothko&rft.date=2016-02-08&rft.aulast=Moynihan&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F02%2F08%2Farts%2Fdesign%2Fknoedler-gallery-director-settles-lawsuit-over-fake-rothko.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoedler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Artnet-Howard-suit-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Artnet-Howard-suit_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeuendorf2015" class="citation web cs1">Neuendorf, Henri (4 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.artnet.com/art-world/knoedler-gallery-settlement-385256">"Knoedler Gallery Reaches Out-Of-Court Settlement Over $4 Million Fake de Kooning"</a>. <i>Artnet news</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Artnet+news&rft.atitle=Knoedler+Gallery+Reaches+Out-Of-Court+Settlement+Over+%244+Million+Fake+de+Kooning&rft.date=2015-12-04&rft.aulast=Neuendorf&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.artnet.com%2Fart-world%2Fknoedler-gallery-settlement-385256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoedler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220214174514/https://lucascranach.org/PRIVATE_NONE-P206">"CRANACH DIGITAL ARCHIVE"</a>. 2022-02-14. 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Paul Mellon Centre<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Paul+Mellon+Centre+for+Studies+in+British+Art&rft.atitle=M.+Knoedler+%26+Co.+Records+in+the+Frank+Simpson+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.paul-mellon-centre.ac.uk%2Farchives-and-library%2Fhighlights-frank-simpson-archive%2Fknoedler-frank-simpson-archive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoedler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoedler&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Knoedler_and_Co." class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Knoedler and Co.">Knoedler and Co.</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives2.getty.edu:8082/xtf/view?docId=ead/2012.M.54/2012.M.54.xml">M. Knoedler & Co. records, approximately 1848-1971</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paul-mellon-centre.ac.uk/archives-and-library/archive-collections/frank-simpson">Frank Simpson Archive</a> - Records from the London office of Knoedler and Co., ca. 1900–1970</li> <li>Podcast by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revealnews.org/podcast/fancy-galleries-fake-art-update-2023/">Reveal</a> on fraud story, reported by Gisele Regatão and Emily Harris from December 2023.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10288073#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10288073#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121658141">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158991711">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="M. Knoedler & Co. (New York, NY)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/16310869-9">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80032697">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="M. Knoedler & Co."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub2016936941&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5535914">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/8173">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007264691605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA08288081?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500304270">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/03074749X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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