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mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Kandake" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Kandake" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu 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mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Fonti_archeologiche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonti_archeologiche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Fonti archeologiche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonti_archeologiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonti_greco-romane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonti_greco-romane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fonti greco-romane</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonti_greco-romane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Riferimenti_nella_Bibbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riferimenti_nella_Bibbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Riferimenti nella Bibbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Riferimenti_nella_Bibbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_leggenda_alessandrina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_leggenda_alessandrina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>La leggenda alessandrina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_leggenda_alessandrina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kandake_di_Kush" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kandake_di_Kush"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kandake di Kush</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kandake_di_Kush-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kandake</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 20 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A9" title="كنداكة - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كنداكة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandake" title="Kandake - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kandake" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandake" title="Kandake - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kandake" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0ndaces" title="Càndaces - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Càndaces" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandake" title="Kandake - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kandake" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandake" title="Kandake - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kandake" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandake" title="Kandake - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kandake" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandake" title="Kandake - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kandake" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candace" title="Candace - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Candace" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandake" title="Kandake - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kandake" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandake" title="Kandake - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kandake" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Кандакија - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кандакија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandake" title="Kandake - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kandake" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candace" title="Candace - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Candace" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кандакия - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кандакия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandake" title="Kandake - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kandake" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandake" title="Kandake - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kandake" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandake" title="Kandake - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kandake" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandake" title="Kandake - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kandake" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%92" title="کنداکے - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کنداکے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q615170#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kandake" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Kandake" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kandake"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav 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data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kandake"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Kandake" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Kandake" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&oldid=138034702" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Kandake&id=138034702&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKandake"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKandake"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kandake"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kandake&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q615170" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegyptisches_Museum_Berlin_InvNr7261_20080313_Barkenuntersatz_Natakamani_Amanitore_aus_Wad_Ban_Naga_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Aegyptisches_Museum_Berlin_InvNr7261_20080313_Barkenuntersatz_Natakamani_Amanitore_aus_Wad_Ban_Naga_4.jpg/220px-Aegyptisches_Museum_Berlin_InvNr7261_20080313_Barkenuntersatz_Natakamani_Amanitore_aus_Wad_Ban_Naga_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Aegyptisches_Museum_Berlin_InvNr7261_20080313_Barkenuntersatz_Natakamani_Amanitore_aus_Wad_Ban_Naga_4.jpg/330px-Aegyptisches_Museum_Berlin_InvNr7261_20080313_Barkenuntersatz_Natakamani_Amanitore_aus_Wad_Ban_Naga_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Aegyptisches_Museum_Berlin_InvNr7261_20080313_Barkenuntersatz_Natakamani_Amanitore_aus_Wad_Ban_Naga_4.jpg/440px-Aegyptisches_Museum_Berlin_InvNr7261_20080313_Barkenuntersatz_Natakamani_Amanitore_aus_Wad_Ban_Naga_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption> Rilievo raffigurante la kandake Amanitore</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kandake</b>, <b>kadake</b> o <b>kentake</b> (<a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_meroitico" title="Alfabeto meroitico">meroitico</a>: 𐦲𐦷𐦲𐦡 , <i>kdke</i>; 𐦲𐦴𐦲𐦡 , <i>ktke</i>), spesso latinizzato come <b>candace</b> (<span dir="ltr" lang="grc" class="polytonic">κανδάκη</span>, <i>kandàkē</i>) era il termine meroitico per la sorella del re di <a href="/wiki/Kush" title="Kush">Kush</a> che, a causa della <a href="/wiki/Matrilinearit%C3%A0" title="Matrilinearità">successione matrilineare</a>, avrebbe dato alla luce l'erede successivo, rendendola una <a href="/wiki/Regina_madre" title="Regina madre">regina madre</a>. Aveva la sua corte, probabilmente agiva come proprietaria terriera<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e ricopriva un importante ruolo secolare come reggente.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fonti greche e romane contemporanee ne fanno erroneamente riferimento come l'<a href="/wiki/Candace" title="Candace">omonimo nome</a>, derivato dal modo in cui la parola è usata nel <a href="/wiki/Nuovo_Testamento" title="Nuovo Testamento">Nuovo Testamento</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lobban_2003_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lobban_2003-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AsanteMazama2005_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AsanteMazama2005-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fage2526_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fage2526-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonti_archeologiche">Fonti archeologiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Fonti archeologiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Fonti archeologiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le kandake di <a href="/wiki/Meroe" title="Meroe">Meroe</a> furono descritte per la prima volta attraverso il racconto del geografo greco <a href="/wiki/Strabone" title="Strabone">Strabone</a> del 23 a.C. nella sua enciclopedia <i><a href="/wiki/Geografia_(Strabone)" title="Geografia (Strabone)">Geografia</a></i>. Vi furono almeno dieci regine meroitiche regnanti tra il 260 a.C. e il 320 d.C. e almeno sei tra il 60 a.C. e l'80 d.C.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La rappresentazione iconografica delle regine meroitiche le raffigura come donne spesso sole e in prima linea nelle loro stele e sculture e mostrate in abiti femminili regali. Le prime raffigurazioni delle regine kushite in genere non hanno elementi egiziani che rendono il loro aspetto drasticamente diverso dai loro uomini kushite e dalle controparti egiziane. Come si vede nella Stele del sogno di <a href="/wiki/Tanutamani" title="Tanutamani">Tanutamani</a>, un grande scialle era avvolto attorno al corpo, e un secondo mantello decorato era indossato sopra al primo.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tale abbigliamento era anche portato dalla madre di <a href="/wiki/Taharqa" title="Taharqa">Taharqa</a> durante la sua cerimonia di incoronazione. </p><p>Con gli scavi di <a href="/wiki/George_Reisner" title="George Reisner">George Reisner</a> nei cimiteri reali di El Kurru e <a href="/wiki/Nuri" title="Nuri">Nuri</a>, il materiale archeologico divenne disponibile per studiare la regalità kushita. Inoltre alcune tombe reali di donne kushite furono trovate nel cimitero di Meroe e in Egitto ad <a href="/wiki/Abido_(Egitto)" title="Abido (Egitto)">Abido</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. A El Kurru sei piramidi appartengono a donne reali della <a href="/wiki/XXV_dinastia_egizia" title="XXV dinastia egizia">XXV dinastia egizia</a> e una piramide alla regina Qalhata del periodo <a href="/wiki/Napata" title="Napata">Napata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Nuri le tombe delle donne reali si trovano sull'altopiano occidentale, dove sono state trovate alcune iscrizioni che descrivono il ruolo che le regine madri svolsero all'interno della successione e la loro importanza durante la dinastia kushita.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'evento più importante a cui partecipavano le donne kushite era la cerimonia di incoronazione.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Le lunette delle stele di <a href="/wiki/Tanutamani" title="Tanutamani">Tanawetamani</a>, Harsiyotef e <a href="/wiki/Nastasen" title="Nastasen">Nastasen</a> forniscono tutte prove iconografiche e testuali dell'intronizzazione di questi re,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mostrando il monarca accompagnato da un membro femminile della sua famiglia, madre o moglie. La madre del re svolgeva un ruolo essenziale nella legittimazione di suo figlio in quanto re: le prove testuali delle stele dell'incoronazione di Taharqa lasciano ipotizzare che la regina madre fosse presente all'incoronazione di suo figlio. Durante la XXV dinastia kushita fu istituita la carica della <a href="/wiki/Divina_Sposa_di_Amon" title="Divina Sposa di Amon">Divina Sposa di Amon</a>, la quale fungeva da contatto principale con il dio kushita Amon, svolgendo quindi un ruolo decisivo nell'ascesa al trono del re. </p><p>In Etiopia si trovano prove al di fuori della Nubia che mostrano ulteriori riferimenti al concetto di regalità kushite. L'Etiopia ha una storia dinastica lunga oltre tre millenni, risalente da prima del 1000 a.C. e che durò fino al 1973, anno del rovesciamento dell'ultimo imperatore <a href="/wiki/Hail%C3%A9_Selassi%C3%A9" title="Hailé Selassié">Hailé Selassié</a>. La cronaca ufficiale della successione dinastica della monarchia etiope discendente da <a href="/wiki/Menelik_I" title="Menelik I">Menelik I</a> include sei regine regnanti denominate kandake: la prima è Nicauta (730-681 a.C.), con cinque successive regine del lignaggio che comprendono una discendenza matrilineare al trono.<sup id="cite_ref-Fluehr-Lobban1998_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fluehr-Lobban1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ventuno regine sono registrate come uniche reggenti nel regno d'Etiopia fino al IX secolo d.C. La conquista di Meroe da parte di <a href="/wiki/Ezan%C3%A0_di_Axum" title="Ezanà di Axum">Ezanà di Axum</a> potrebbe aver fornito il falso storico per la rivendicazione dinastica etiope delle kandake nubiane e dei loro re. Ad esempio nel <i><a href="/wiki/Gloria_dei_Re" title="Gloria dei Re">Kebra Nagast</a>,</i> la <a href="/wiki/Regina_di_Saba" title="Regina di Saba">regina di Saba</a> Makeda è anche riconosciuta come kandake o regina madre.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonti_greco-romane">Fonti greco-romane</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Fonti greco-romane" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Fonti greco-romane"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secondo <a href="/wiki/Plinio_il_Vecchio" title="Plinio il Vecchio">Plinio il Vecchio</a> la regina degli <a href="/wiki/Etiopia_(mitologia_greca)" title="Etiopia (mitologia greca)">Etiopi</a> portava il titolo di <i>candace</i>, e tale popolo aveva conquistato l'antica <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterraneo" title="Mar Mediterraneo">Mediterraneo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Turner480482_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner480482-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel 25 a.C. la candace kushita <a href="/wiki/Amanirenas" title="Amanirenas">Amanirenas</a>, come riportato da <a href="/wiki/Strabone" title="Strabone">Strabone</a>, attaccò la città di Syene, l'odierna <a href="/wiki/Assuan" title="Assuan">Assuan</a>, in territorio dell'<a href="/wiki/Impero_romano" title="Impero romano">Impero Romano</a>. L'imperatore <a href="/wiki/Augusto" title="Augusto">Augusto</a> quindi distrusse la città di <a href="/wiki/Napata" title="Napata">Napata</a> per rappresaglia.<sup id="cite_ref-Fluehr-Lobban1998_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fluehr-Lobban1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Budge1911_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budge1911-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cassio_Dione" title="Cassio Dione">Cassio Dione</a> scrisse che l'esercito di Kandake avanzò fino all'isola di <a href="/wiki/Elefantina" title="Elefantina">Elefantina</a> in Egitto, ma fu sconfitto da <a href="/wiki/Publio_Petronio_(prefetto_d%27Egitto)" title="Publio Petronio (prefetto d'Egitto)">Petronio</a>, il quale conquistò la loro capitale Napata e altre città.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quattro regine africane erano conosciute nel mondo greco-romano come <i>candace</i>: <a href="/wiki/Amanishakheto" title="Amanishakheto">Amanishakheto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amanirenas" title="Amanirenas">Amanirenas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nawidemak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nawidemak (la pagina non esiste)">Nawidemak</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malegereabar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malegereabar (la pagina non esiste)">Malegereabar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Riferimenti_nella_Bibbia">Riferimenti nella Bibbia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Riferimenti nella Bibbia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Riferimenti nella Bibbia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Baptism_of_Queen_Candace%27s_Eunuch_attributed_to_Hendrick_van_Balen_and_Jan_Brueghel_(II)_Mauritshuis_282.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/The_Baptism_of_Queen_Candace%27s_Eunuch_attributed_to_Hendrick_van_Balen_and_Jan_Brueghel_%28II%29_Mauritshuis_282.jpg/220px-The_Baptism_of_Queen_Candace%27s_Eunuch_attributed_to_Hendrick_van_Balen_and_Jan_Brueghel_%28II%29_Mauritshuis_282.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/The_Baptism_of_Queen_Candace%27s_Eunuch_attributed_to_Hendrick_van_Balen_and_Jan_Brueghel_%28II%29_Mauritshuis_282.jpg/330px-The_Baptism_of_Queen_Candace%27s_Eunuch_attributed_to_Hendrick_van_Balen_and_Jan_Brueghel_%28II%29_Mauritshuis_282.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/The_Baptism_of_Queen_Candace%27s_Eunuch_attributed_to_Hendrick_van_Balen_and_Jan_Brueghel_%28II%29_Mauritshuis_282.jpg/440px-The_Baptism_of_Queen_Candace%27s_Eunuch_attributed_to_Hendrick_van_Balen_and_Jan_Brueghel_%28II%29_Mauritshuis_282.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2499" /></a><figcaption> <i>Il battesimo dell'eunuco della regina Candace</i> (1625-30 circa, attribuito a <a href="/wiki/Hendrick_van_Balen" title="Hendrick van Balen">Hendrick van Balen</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Jan_Bruegel_il_Giovane" title="Jan Bruegel il Giovane">Jan Bruegel il Giovane</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Nel Nuovo Testamento si fa riferimento ad un funzionario del tesoro della regina di Etiopia Candace, il quale, di ritorno da un viaggio a <a href="/wiki/Gerusalemme" title="Gerusalemme">Gerusalemme</a>, incontrò l'evangelista <a href="/wiki/Filippo_(diacono)" title="Filippo (diacono)">Filippo</a>: </p> <table cellpadding="0" style="width:auto; background:none; margin-bottom:.5em; font-size:95%; color:#000; text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1.2em; vertical-align:top"> </td> <td style="padding:0 1.2em 0 0"><span style="font-style:normal; font-size:125%;"><b>«</b></span> Un angelo del Signore parlò intanto a Filippo: «Alzati, e va' verso il mezzogiorno, sulla strada che discende da Gerusalemme a Gaza; essa è deserta». Egli si alzò e si mise in cammino, quand'ecco un Etiope, un eunuco, funzionario di Candace, regina di Etiopia, sovrintendente a tutti i suoi tesori, venuto per il culto a Gerusalemme, se ne ritornava, seduto sul suo carro da viaggio, leggendo il profeta Isaia. <span style="font-size:125%;"><b>»</b></span>   <small>(<cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laparola.net/wiki.php?riferimento=Atti8%3A26-27&formato_rif=vp"><span style="font-style:italic;">Atti 8:26-27</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">laparola.net</span>.</cite>)</small> </td> <td style="padding:0 1.2em"> </td> <td style="padding:0 1.2em 0 0"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_leggenda_alessandrina">La leggenda alessandrina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione La leggenda alessandrina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: La leggenda alessandrina"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amanishakheto_Jewellery_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Amanishakheto_Jewellery_03.jpg/220px-Amanishakheto_Jewellery_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Amanishakheto_Jewellery_03.jpg/330px-Amanishakheto_Jewellery_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Amanishakheto_Jewellery_03.jpg/440px-Amanishakheto_Jewellery_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2002" data-file-height="1471" /></a><figcaption> Gioielli della kandake Amanishakheto, dalla sua tomba</figcaption></figure> <p>Una leggenda nel <i><a href="/wiki/Romanzo_di_Alessandro" title="Romanzo di Alessandro">Romanzo di Alessandro</a></i> sostiene che il condottiero macedone avesse combattuto contro Candace di <a href="/wiki/Meroe" title="Meroe">Meroë</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Jones1997_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones1997-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tuttavia Alessandro non attaccò mai la Nubia e non tentò mai di spostarsi più a sud dell'oasi di <a href="/wiki/Siwa_(oasi)" title="Siwa (oasi)">Siwa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldenberg2009_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldenberg2009-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MorganMorgan1994_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MorganMorgan1994-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonostante tale leggenda sia comunemente citata, non sembra esserci alcun riferimento storico ad un simile evento.<sup id="cite_ref-MorganMorgan1994_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MorganMorgan1994-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lo storico <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Malalas" title="Giovanni Malalas">Giovanni Malalas</a> avrebbe inoltre unito il materiale del <i>Romanzo</i> con altri scritti, affermando che i due si fossero sposati e che Kandake fosse una regina indiana.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kandake_di_Kush">Kandake di Kush</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Kandake di Kush" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Kandake di Kush"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amanitore_pyramid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Amanitore_pyramid.jpg/220px-Amanitore_pyramid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Amanitore_pyramid.jpg/330px-Amanitore_pyramid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Amanitore_pyramid.jpg/440px-Amanitore_pyramid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2120" /></a><figcaption> Piramide di Amanitore nell'odierno Sudan</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanakdakhete" title="Shanakdakhete">Shanakdakhete</a> (177 a.C.-155 a.C.) (prima regina regnante conosciuta)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanirenas" title="Amanirenas">Amanirenas</a> (40 a.C.-10 a.C.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanishakheto" title="Amanishakheto">Amanishakheto</a> (10 a.C. circa - 1 d.C.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanitore" title="Amanitore">Amanitore</a> (1-20 d.C.)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amanitaraqide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amanitaraqide (la pagina non esiste)">Amanitaraqide</a> (22-41 d.C.)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amanikhatashan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amanikhatashan (la pagina non esiste)">Amanikhatashan</a> (62-85 d.C.)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maleqorobar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maleqorobar (la pagina non esiste)">Maleqorobar</a> (266-283 d.C.)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahideamani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lahideamani (la pagina non esiste)">Lahideamani</a> (306-314 d.C.)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/2909/1/Lohwasser_Frau_im_Sudan_1999.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Die Frau im antiken Sudan</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), su <span style="font-style:italic;">archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de</span>, 1999.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Dan'el Khan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3049911"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Queen Mother in the Kingdom of Kush: Status, Power and Cultic Role</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Teshura le-Zafrira: Studies in the Bible, the History of Israel, and the Ancient Near East Presented to Zafrira Ben-Barak of the University of Haifa</span>, 2012, pp. 67–68.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lobban_2003-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Lobban_2003_3-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Richard A. Jr. Lobban, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jF2jq5JrkS4C&pg=PA97"><span style="font-style:italic;">Historical Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Nubia</span></a>, Lanham, MD, Scarecrow Press, 2003, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-8108-6578-5" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-8108-6578-5">978-0-8108-6578-5</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AsanteMazama2005-4"><a href="#cite_ref-AsanteMazama2005_4-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Miriam Ma'at-ka-re Monges, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RcBkDlJ7qjwC&pg=PA302"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kush</span></a>, in Molefi Kete Asante, Ama Mazama (a cura di), <span style="font-style:italic;">Encyclopedia of Black Studies</span>, Sage, 2005, p. 302, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-7619-2762-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-7619-2762-4">978-0-7619-2762-4</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fage2526-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Fage2526_5-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> John Fage, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books?id=mXa4AQAAQBAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">A History of Africa</span></a>, Routledge, 23 ottobre 2013, p. 115, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-317-79727-2" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-317-79727-2">978-1-317-79727-2</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> W.Y. Adams, <span style="font-style:italic;">Big Mama at Meroe: Fact and Fancy in the Candace Tradition</span>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Conference of the Sudan Studies Association, Boston</span>, 1994.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/mariette1872bd2/0008/image"><span style="font-style:italic;">Monuments divers recueillis en Egypte et en Nubie</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de</span>. <small>URL consultato il 28 ottobre 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFLeahy_1994">Leahy 1994</a></cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qsap.org.qa/en/the-royal-cemetery-of-kurru"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Royal Cemetery of Kurru</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">qsap.org.qa</span>. <small>URL consultato il 28 ottobre 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ancient.eu/The_Candaces_of_Meroe/"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Candaces of Meroe</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Ancient History Encyclopedia</span>. <small>URL consultato il 28 ottobre 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stele_Harsiotef_Budge.jpg"><span style="font-style:italic;">Stele of Harsiotef</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="immagine in formato JPG">JPG</abbr></span>).</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fluehr-Lobban1998-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Fluehr-Lobban1998_12-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Fluehr-Lobban1998_12-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://africanhistory.yolasite.com/resources/Nubian%20Queens.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Nubian Queens in the Nile Valley and Afro-Asiatic Cultural History</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), in <span style="font-style:italic;">Ninth International Conference for Nubian Studies</span>, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston U.S.A, 20 agosto 1998. <small>URL consultato il 7 giugno 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> E.A. Wallis Budge, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/kebra_budge.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Queen of Sheba and Her Only Son Menyelek</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), Cambridge Ontario, Ethiopian Series, 2000.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turner480482-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Turner480482_14-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Sharon Turner, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books?id=hpc5AAAAcAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Sacred History of the World, as Displayed in the Creation and Subsequent Events to the Deluge: Attempted to be Philosophically Considered, in a Series of Letters to a Son</span></a>, Vol. 2, Longman, 1834, pp. 480–482.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Budge1911-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Budge1911_15-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/E._A._Wallis_Budge" class="mw-redirect" title="E. A. Wallis Budge">Sir Ernest Alfred Wallis Budge</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cookshandbookfo00budg#page/736/mode/2up"><span style="font-style:italic;">Cook's handbook for Egypt and the Egyptian Sûdân</span></a>, T. Cook & Son, 1911, p. 737.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc1:54.5.4">Dio Cassius, Histories, §54.5.4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFHarris_2014">Harris 2014</a>, p.29</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones1997-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Jones1997_18-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> David E. Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3rDuAAAAMAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Women Warriors: A History</span></a>, Brassey, 1997, p. 82, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-57488-106-6" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-57488-106-6">978-1-57488-106-6</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldenberg2009-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Goldenberg2009_19-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> David M. Goldenberg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1MS9AiZ74MoC&pg=PA64"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Curse of Ham: Race and Slavery in Early Judaism, Christianity, and Islam</span></a>, Princeton University Press, 2009, p. 64, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-4008-2854-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-4008-2854-8">978-1-4008-2854-8</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MorganMorgan1994-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-MorganMorgan1994_20-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-MorganMorgan1994_20-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> John Robert Morgan, J. R. Morgan e Richard Stoneman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KXrgTCotMx0C&pg=PA117"><span style="font-style:italic;">Greek Fiction: The Greek Novel in Context</span></a>, Psychology Press, 1994, pp. 117–118, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-415-08507-6" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-415-08507-6">978-0-415-08507-6</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/792#8.194">Malalas, Chronography, §8.194-195</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Krzysztof Nawotka e Agnieszka Wojciechowska, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xOi9DwAAQBAJ&q=Malalas+candace&pg=PA226"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Alexander Romance: History and Literature</span></a>, Barkhuis, ottobre 2018, p. 226, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-94-92444-71-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-94-92444-71-4">978-94-92444-71-4</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Kenneth Royce Moore, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJJyDwAAQBAJ&q=Malalas+candace&pg=PA464"><span style="font-style:italic;">Brill's Companion to the Reception of Alexander the Great</span></a>, BRILL, June 2018, p. 464, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-90-04-28507-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-90-04-28507-1">978-90-04-28507-1</a>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> G.L.A. Harris, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TeqsBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA29"><span style="font-style:italic;">Living Legends and Full Agency: Implications of Repealing the Combat Exclusion Policy</span></a>, CRC Press, 2014, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-4665-1378-5" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-4665-1378-5">978-1-4665-1378-5</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Anthony Leahy, Christopher Eyre e Lisa Montagno Leahy, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books/about/The_Unbroken_Reed.html?id=93ZxAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Unbroken Reed: Studies in the Culture and Heritage of Ancient Egypt : in Honour of A.F. Shore</span></a>, Egypt Exploration Society, 1994, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-85698-124-9" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-85698-124-9">0-85698-124-9</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandake&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_storia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/candace_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Candace</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di storia</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2010.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615170#P6404" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCatholic_Encyclopedia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03244c.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kandake</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></span>, Robert Appleton Company.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615170#P3241" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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