The Jim Crow North

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{"time":464,"type":"word","start":35,"end":39,"value":"Crow"} {"time":793,"type":"word","start":40,"end":45,"value":"North"} " audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-article_title-rtefieldslow.mp3"> <div class="article-title-component article-title-heading"> <h1 tabindex="-1" class="article-title-heading"><p>The Jim Crow North</p> </h1> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-article_title-rtefield.mp3" preload="none"></audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-article_title-rtefieldslow.mp3" preload="none"></audio> </div> </div></div> <div 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{"time":5101,"type":"word","start":118,"end":120,"value":"in"} {"time":5211,"type":"word","start":121,"end":124,"value":"the"} {"time":5271,"type":"word","start":125,"end":129,"value":"rest"} {"time":5636,"type":"word","start":130,"end":132,"value":"of"} {"time":5735,"type":"word","start":133,"end":136,"value":"the"} {"time":5813,"type":"word","start":137,"end":143,"value":"nation"} {"time":6269,"type":"word","start":144,"end":148,"value":"have"} {"time":6502,"type":"word","start":149,"end":154,"value":"often"} {"time":6847,"type":"word","start":155,"end":159,"value":"been"} {"time":7046,"type":"word","start":160,"end":170,"value":"overlooked"} " audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-article_title_962557235-rtefieldslow.mp3"> <div class="article-title-component article-title-dek"> <h2><p>You know about the long fight against segregation in the South. 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When you think of them, you probably imagine separate train cars, bathrooms, and water fountains in the South. But Jim Crow cars segregating blacks and whites actually existed much earlier in the North. For instance, the train cars along the Eastern Rail Road were separated by race. The train traveled from Boston to Salem, Massachusetts. And it began running in 1838, more than 20 years before the Civil War (1861-65).</p><p>But it was in the South where Jim Crow laws took root. They became part of the social fabric after Reconstruction, the period following the Civil War. And the notion of “separate but equal” public accommodations for blacks and whites was embedded in the law with the Supreme Court’s 1896 ruling in <i>Plessy</i> v. <i>Ferguson</i>.<br /></p><p>Many whites in the South used lynching and other acts of terror to enforce Jim Crow laws. And largely as a result, more than 6 million African Americans fled the South. Those who fled sought refuge in the North, Midwest, and West during the Great Migration (1916-70).</p><p>Many black people did find better economic opportunities and a safer environment up North. But they also discovered that they hadn’t left racism and segregation behind entirely. Instead, they encountered them in new ways.<br /></p><p>A common belief about Northern segregation is that it wasn’t written into law. People considered it to be merely <i>de facto</i> (Latin for occurring in practice). They thought of it as the product of individuals’ racism, personal choices about where to live, and financial disparities between whites and blacks. 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audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-article_text_1922974105-2-titleslow.mp3"> <div id="1" class="js-article-item text-column article-description"> <p>Rothstein points out that in the North, as in other parts of the country, the federal government pursued policies that contributed to the segregation and decay of urban areas.</p><p>For example, after President Franklin D. Roosevelt took office in 1933, he launched a series of programs called the New Deal. These programs aimed to help bring America out of the Great Depression. One New Deal program spurred the creation of the first civilian public housing (today often referred to as housing projects or just “the projects”). The housing was segregated for whites and blacks. The government frequently demolished integrated neighborhoods in such cities as Cleveland and Boston to create segregated public housing.<br /></p><p>Roosevelt also created the Federal Housing Administration (F.H.A.). The agency subsidized builders that developed many of the suburban neighborhoods that sprouted outside cities nationwide in the mid-20th century. The F.H.A.’s manual stated that “incompatible racial groups should not be permitted to live in the same communities.” That meant that none of the homes in those subdivisions could be sold to African Americans.</p><p>One well-known example is Levittown, a suburb near New York City. The F.H.A. helped support the construction of the community in the late 1940s on the condition that no homes be sold to African Americans. Every home also had to have a clause in its deed prohibiting resale to black people.<br /></p><p>White people increasingly moved into suburbs like Levittown. At the same time, African Americans were forced into urban areas that became overcrowded. Beginning in the 1930s, the federal government had created color-coded maps of every metropolitan area in the U.S. Neighborhoods where minorities lived were highlighted red. 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audio-path="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy__337253651-col0-article_text_copy-2-title.mp3" audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy__337253651-col0-article_text_copy-2-titleslow.mp3"> <div id="1" class="js-article-item text-column article-description"> <p><b>In 1960, </b>Martin Luther King Jr. spoke to a crowd in New York City. “There is a pressing need for a liberalism in the North,” he said, “that firmly believes in integration in its own community as well as in the deep South.”</p><p>It was one of several speeches King gave from New York City to Detroit to Los Angeles, in which he called on Northerners who condemned segregation in the South to also oppose segregation in their own backyards. 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Though the campaign helped lead to the federal Fair Housing Act in 1968, Chicago remains one of the most segregated cities in America.<br /></p><p>“I’ve been in many demonstrations all across the South,” King told reporters after the riot. “But I can say that I have never seen, even in Mississippi and Alabama, mobs as hostile and as hate-filled as I’m seeing in Chicago.”</p> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy__337253651-col0-article_text_copy-2-title.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy__337253651-col0-article_text_copy-2-titleslow.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="padding-component parbase"> <div style="padding-top:3%"> </div> </div> <div class="acs-commons-resp-colctrl-row"> <div ng-style="{'background-color':'#e3e1dc' }" class="new-container clearfix custom-background "> <div class="new-row "> <div class="acs-commons-resp-colctrl-col acs-commons-resp-colctrl-col-100"> <div class="parsys-container"> <div class="article-title parbase"> <div class="article-title-layout" ng-controller="articleTitleController" data-font-color="#3A5DAE"> <div class="row nomarLR" ng-attr-sw-speech-marks speechmarks="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":35,"value":"TIMELINE"} {"time":846,"type":"word","start":42,"end":53,"value":"Segregation"} {"time":1556,"type":"word","start":54,"end":56,"value":"In"} {"time":1660,"type":"word","start":57,"end":60,"value":"The"} {"time":1711,"type":"word","start":61,"end":64,"value":"U.S"} " audio-path="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_c-rtefield.mp3" speechmarks-slow="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":35,"value":"TIMELINE"} {"time":980,"type":"word","start":42,"end":53,"value":"Segregation"} {"time":1795,"type":"word","start":54,"end":56,"value":"In"} {"time":1911,"type":"word","start":57,"end":60,"value":"The"} {"time":1962,"type":"word","start":61,"end":64,"value":"U.S"} " audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_c-rtefieldslow.mp3"> <div class="article-title-component article-title-heading"> <h2 tabindex="-1" class="article-title-heading"><p style="text-align: center;">TIMELINE: Segregation In The U.S.</p> </h2> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_c-rtefield.mp3" preload="none"></audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_c-rtefieldslow.mp3" preload="none"></audio> </div> </div></div> <div class="horizontal-ruler parbase"><div class="divider-component ela-content-wrapper-1060"> <div class="border-divider " style="background-color: ; width: px"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cm-migration-image parbase"> <div class="cm-migration-image-container" ng-controller="articleHeroImageController"> <div class="hero-image image-popup-image-layout"> <div class="image-popup-image-container" ng-class="false? 'cm-migration-image-bottom-radius':''"> <div target="_blank"> <sw-image src="/content/dam/classroom-magazines/upfront/issues/2019-20/030920/p18-21-tp-timespast/UPF03090-TP-M4.jpg" alt height="auto" width="670px" image-popup-class="cm-image-wrapper" pop-up-image-configured="/content/dam/classroom-magazines/upfront/issues/2019-20/030920/p18-21-tp-timespast/UPF03090-TP-P4.jpg" image-class="sn4-image-background"> </sw-image> </div> <div class="caption-section"> <div> <div class="img-popup-credits wordBreak"> <p>©Elliott Erwitt/Magnum Photos</p> </div> </div> <div> <div class="img-popup-caption wordBreak"> <p>Segregated water fountains<b> </b>in North Carolina</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="popup-img-icon"> <span class="sw-icon expand-icon" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> <button data-toggle="modal" class="popup-img-button" data-target=".9f49d6bc-72b6-4572-a47c-88160269f2b8" aria-label="Open Image Popup"></button> <div id="myModal-9f49d6bc-72b6-4572-a47c-88160269f2b8" class="modal modal-wide 9f49d6bc-72b6-4572-a47c-88160269f2b8" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-label="Popup Image" trap-focus> <button class="close sw-icon close-icon" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close Image Popup"></button> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg popup-modal-image-container" role="document"> <div class="image-popup-content close" data-dismiss="modal"> <sw-image src="/content/dam/classroom-magazines/upfront/issues/2019-20/030920/p18-21-tp-timespast/UPF03090-TP-P4.jpg" alt image-class="article-hero-modal-image"></sw-image> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-title parbase"> <div class="article-title-layout" ng-controller="articleTitleController" data-font-color="#EC1D25"> <div class="row nomarLR" ng-attr-sw-speech-marks speechmarks="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":31,"value":"1896"} {"time":1371,"type":"word","start":38,"end":44,"value":"Plessy"} {"time":1864,"type":"word","start":45,"end":46,"value":"v"} {"time":2604,"type":"word","start":48,"end":56,"value":"Ferguson"} " audio-path="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy-rtefield.mp3" speechmarks-slow="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":31,"value":"1896"} {"time":1530,"type":"word","start":38,"end":44,"value":"Plessy"} {"time":2100,"type":"word","start":45,"end":46,"value":"v"} {"time":2875,"type":"word","start":48,"end":56,"value":"Ferguson"} " audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy-rtefieldslow.mp3"> <div class="article-title-component article-title-dek"> <h2><p>1896: <i>Plessy</i> v. <i>Ferguson</i></p> </h2> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy-rtefield.mp3" preload="none"></audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy-rtefieldslow.mp3" preload="none"></audio> </div> </div></div> <div class="article-text parbase"> <div ng-controller="articleTextImageController"> <div> <div class="article-text-image-top-layout js-article-vocabularySearch "> <div class="row nomarLR article-text-image"> <div id="ArticleTextDataSection" class="js-article-data-section"> <div ng-attr-sw-speech-marks speechmarks="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":32,"value":"After"} {"time":274,"type":"word","start":33,"end":36,"value":"the"} 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{"time":5402,"type":"word","start":108,"end":111,"value":"and"} {"time":5516,"type":"word","start":112,"end":118,"value":"whites"} {"time":6557,"type":"word","start":125,"end":127,"value":"In"} {"time":6718,"type":"word","start":128,"end":134,"value":"Plessy"} {"time":7227,"type":"word","start":135,"end":136,"value":"v"} {"time":8002,"type":"word","start":138,"end":146,"value":"Ferguson"} {"time":9010,"type":"word","start":148,"end":151,"value":"the"} {"time":9130,"type":"word","start":152,"end":159,"value":"Supreme"} {"time":9714,"type":"word","start":160,"end":165,"value":"Court"} {"time":10027,"type":"word","start":166,"end":177,"value":"establishes"} {"time":10753,"type":"word","start":178,"end":181,"value":"the"} {"time":10880,"type":"word","start":182,"end":191,"value":"principle"} {"time":11487,"type":"word","start":192,"end":194,"value":"of"} {"time":11552,"type":"word","start":202,"end":210,"value":"separate"} {"time":12029,"type":"word","start":211,"end":214,"value":"but"} {"time":12177,"type":"word","start":215,"end":220,"value":"equal"} {"time":12820,"type":"word","start":229,"end":238,"value":"providing"} {"time":13388,"type":"word","start":239,"end":242,"value":"the"} {"time":13455,"type":"word","start":243,"end":248,"value":"legal"} {"time":13811,"type":"word","start":249,"end":254,"value":"basis"} {"time":14379,"type":"word","start":255,"end":258,"value":"for"} {"time":14536,"type":"word","start":259,"end":270,"value":"segregation"} " audio-path="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text-1-title.mp3" audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text-1-titleslow.mp3"> <div id="0" class="js-article-item text-column article-description"> <p>After the Civil War, Southern states pass Jim Crow laws, segregating blacks and whites. In <i>Plessy</i> v. <i>Ferguson</i>, the Supreme Court establishes the principle of “separate but equal,” providing the legal basis for segregation.</p> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text-1-title.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text-1-titleslow.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> </div> <div ng-attr-sw-speech-marks speechmarks="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":32,"value":"After"} {"time":274,"type":"word","start":33,"end":36,"value":"the"} {"time":352,"type":"word","start":37,"end":42,"value":"Civil"} {"time":636,"type":"word","start":43,"end":46,"value":"War"} 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{"time":6557,"type":"word","start":125,"end":127,"value":"In"} {"time":6718,"type":"word","start":133,"end":139,"value":"Plessy"} {"time":7227,"type":"word","start":145,"end":146,"value":"v"} {"time":8002,"type":"word","start":153,"end":161,"value":"Ferguson"} {"time":9010,"type":"word","start":163,"end":166,"value":"the"} {"time":9130,"type":"word","start":167,"end":174,"value":"Supreme"} {"time":9714,"type":"word","start":175,"end":180,"value":"Court"} {"time":10027,"type":"word","start":181,"end":192,"value":"establishes"} {"time":10753,"type":"word","start":193,"end":196,"value":"the"} {"time":10880,"type":"word","start":197,"end":206,"value":"principle"} {"time":11487,"type":"word","start":207,"end":209,"value":"of"} {"time":11552,"type":"word","start":217,"end":225,"value":"separate"} {"time":12029,"type":"word","start":226,"end":229,"value":"but"} {"time":12177,"type":"word","start":230,"end":235,"value":"equal"} {"time":12820,"type":"word","start":244,"end":253,"value":"providing"} {"time":13388,"type":"word","start":254,"end":257,"value":"the"} {"time":13455,"type":"word","start":258,"end":263,"value":"legal"} {"time":13811,"type":"word","start":264,"end":269,"value":"basis"} {"time":14379,"type":"word","start":270,"end":273,"value":"for"} {"time":14536,"type":"word","start":274,"end":285,"value":"segregation"} " audio-path="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text-2-title.mp3" audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text-2-titleslow.mp3"> <div id="1" class="js-article-item text-column article-description"> <p>After the Civil War, Southern states pass Jim Crow laws, segregating blacks and whites. In <i>Plessy</i> v. <i>Ferguson</i>, the Supreme Court establishes the principle of “separate but equal,” providing the legal basis for segregation.</p> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text-2-title.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text-2-titleslow.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div></div> <div class="horizontal-ruler parbase"><div class="divider-component ela-content-wrapper-1060"> <div class="border-divider " style="background-color: ; width: px"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-title parbase"> <div class="article-title-layout" ng-controller="articleTitleController" data-font-color="#EC1D25"> <div class="row nomarLR" ng-attr-sw-speech-marks speechmarks="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":31,"value":"1910"} {"time":1181,"type":"word","start":38,"end":44,"value":"Zoning"} {"time":1509,"type":"word","start":45,"end":49,"value":"Laws"} " audio-path="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_924709437-rtefield.mp3" speechmarks-slow="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":31,"value":"1910"} {"time":1323,"type":"word","start":38,"end":44,"value":"Zoning"} {"time":1703,"type":"word","start":45,"end":49,"value":"Laws"} " audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_924709437-rtefieldslow.mp3"> <div class="article-title-component article-title-dek"> <h2><p>1910: Zoning Laws</p> </h2> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_924709437-rtefield.mp3" preload="none"></audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_924709437-rtefieldslow.mp3" preload="none"></audio> </div> </div></div> <div class="article-text parbase"> <div ng-controller="articleTextImageController"> <div> <div class="article-text-image-top-layout js-article-vocabularySearch "> <div class="row nomarLR article-text-image"> <div id="ArticleTextDataSection" class="js-article-data-section"> <div ng-attr-sw-speech-marks speechmarks="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":31,"value":"Some"} {"time":269,"type":"word","start":32,"end":38,"value":"cities"} {"time":600,"type":"word","start":39,"end":49,"value":"throughout"} {"time":955,"type":"word","start":50,"end":53,"value":"the"} {"time":1026,"type":"word","start":54,"end":61,"value":"country"} {"time":1394,"type":"word","start":62,"end":67,"value":"begin"} {"time":1762,"type":"word","start":68,"end":75,"value":"passing"} {"time":2180,"type":"word","start":76,"end":82,"value":"zoning"} {"time":2579,"type":"word","start":83,"end":87,"value":"laws"} {"time":2879,"type":"word","start":88,"end":92,"value":"that"} {"time":3019,"type":"word","start":93,"end":101,"value":"prohibit"} 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audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1376069089-1-titleslow.mp3"> <div id="0" class="js-article-item text-column article-description"> <p>Some cities throughout the country begin passing zoning laws that prohibit black families from moving onto majority-white blocks.</p> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1376069089-1-title.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1376069089-1-titleslow.mp3" 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{"time":3524,"type":"word","start":93,"end":101,"value":"prohibit"} {"time":4012,"type":"word","start":102,"end":107,"value":"black"} {"time":4383,"type":"word","start":108,"end":116,"value":"families"} {"time":5004,"type":"word","start":117,"end":121,"value":"from"} {"time":5200,"type":"word","start":122,"end":128,"value":"moving"} {"time":5559,"type":"word","start":129,"end":133,"value":"onto"} {"time":5860,"type":"word","start":134,"end":148,"value":"majority-white"} {"time":6708,"type":"word","start":149,"end":155,"value":"blocks"} " audio-path="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1376069089-2-title.mp3" audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1376069089-2-titleslow.mp3"> <div id="1" class="js-article-item text-column article-description"> <p>Some cities throughout the country begin passing zoning laws that prohibit black families from moving onto majority-white blocks.</p> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1376069089-2-title.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1376069089-2-titleslow.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div></div> <div class="horizontal-ruler parbase"><div class="divider-component ela-content-wrapper-1060"> <div class="border-divider " style="background-color: ; width: px"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cm-migration-image parbase"> <div class="cm-migration-image-container" ng-controller="articleHeroImageController"> <div class="hero-image image-popup-image-layout"> <div class="image-popup-image-container" ng-class="false? 'cm-migration-image-bottom-radius':''"> <div target="_blank"> <sw-image src="/content/dam/classroom-magazines/upfront/issues/2019-20/030920/p18-21-tp-timespast/UPF03090-TP-M5.jpg" alt height="auto" width="670px" image-popup-class="cm-image-wrapper" pop-up-image-configured="/content/dam/classroom-magazines/upfront/issues/2019-20/030920/p18-21-tp-timespast/UPF03090-TP-P5.jpg" image-class="sn4-image-background"> </sw-image> </div> <div class="caption-section"> <div> <div class="img-popup-credits wordBreak"> <p>“Mapping Inequality,” https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/</p> </div> </div> <div> <div class="img-popup-caption wordBreak"> <p>A “redlining” map<b> </b>of Chicago. Neighborhoods where minorities live have been highlighted red.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="popup-img-icon"> <span class="sw-icon expand-icon" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> <button data-toggle="modal" class="popup-img-button" data-target=".9eedd575-a5c5-438f-aa7d-c3a0aa9e9974" aria-label="Open Image Popup"></button> <div id="myModal-9eedd575-a5c5-438f-aa7d-c3a0aa9e9974" class="modal modal-wide 9eedd575-a5c5-438f-aa7d-c3a0aa9e9974" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-label="Popup Image" trap-focus> <button class="close sw-icon close-icon" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close Image Popup"></button> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg popup-modal-image-container" role="document"> <div class="image-popup-content close" data-dismiss="modal"> <sw-image src="/content/dam/classroom-magazines/upfront/issues/2019-20/030920/p18-21-tp-timespast/UPF03090-TP-P5.jpg" alt image-class="article-hero-modal-image"></sw-image> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-title parbase"> <div class="article-title-layout" ng-controller="articleTitleController" data-font-color="#EC1D25"> <div class="row nomarLR" ng-attr-sw-speech-marks speechmarks="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":31,"value":"1933"} {"time":1386,"type":"word","start":38,"end":41,"value":"The"} {"time":1485,"type":"word","start":42,"end":45,"value":"New"} {"time":1641,"type":"word","start":46,"end":50,"value":"Deal"} " audio-path="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_123300938-rtefield.mp3" speechmarks-slow="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":31,"value":"1933"} {"time":1574,"type":"word","start":38,"end":41,"value":"The"} {"time":1690,"type":"word","start":42,"end":45,"value":"New"} {"time":1875,"type":"word","start":46,"end":50,"value":"Deal"} " audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_123300938-rtefieldslow.mp3"> <div class="article-title-component article-title-dek"> <h2><p>1933: The New Deal</p> </h2> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_123300938-rtefield.mp3" preload="none"></audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_123300938-rtefieldslow.mp3" preload="none"></audio> </div> </div></div> <div class="article-text parbase"> <div ng-controller="articleTextImageController"> <div> <div class="article-text-image-top-layout js-article-vocabularySearch "> <div class="row nomarLR article-text-image"> <div id="ArticleTextDataSection" class="js-article-data-section"> <div ng-attr-sw-speech-marks speechmarks="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":36,"value":"President"} {"time":479,"type":"word","start":37,"end":45,"value":"Franklin"} {"time":950,"type":"word","start":46,"end":48,"value":"D."} {"time":1123,"type":"word","start":49,"end":66,"value":"Roosevelt’s"} {"time":1802,"type":"word","start":67,"end":70,"value":"New"} {"time":1978,"type":"word","start":71,"end":75,"value":"Deal"} {"time":2238,"type":"word","start":76,"end":81,"value":"leads"} {"time":2506,"type":"word","start":82,"end":84,"value":"to"} {"time":2607,"type":"word","start":85,"end":88,"value":"the"} {"time":2728,"type":"word","start":89,"end":97,"value":"creation"} {"time":3182,"type":"word","start":98,"end":100,"value":"of"} 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{"time":1127,"type":"word","start":46,"end":48,"value":"D."} {"time":1335,"type":"word","start":49,"end":66,"value":"Roosevelt’s"} {"time":2133,"type":"word","start":67,"end":70,"value":"New"} {"time":2349,"type":"word","start":71,"end":75,"value":"Deal"} {"time":2669,"type":"word","start":76,"end":81,"value":"leads"} {"time":3001,"type":"word","start":82,"end":84,"value":"to"} {"time":3122,"type":"word","start":85,"end":88,"value":"the"} {"time":3278,"type":"word","start":89,"end":97,"value":"creation"} {"time":3825,"type":"word","start":98,"end":100,"value":"of"} {"time":3916,"type":"word","start":101,"end":111,"value":"segregated"} {"time":4640,"type":"word","start":112,"end":118,"value":"public"} {"time":5061,"type":"word","start":119,"end":126,"value":"housing"} {"time":5524,"type":"word","start":127,"end":130,"value":"and"} {"time":5583,"type":"word","start":131,"end":140,"value":"all-white"} {"time":6066,"type":"word","start":141,"end":148,"value":"suburbs"} {"time":6950,"type":"word","start":150,"end":157,"value":"causing"} {"time":7448,"type":"word","start":158,"end":164,"value":"cities"} {"time":7904,"type":"word","start":165,"end":167,"value":"to"} {"time":8004,"type":"word","start":168,"end":174,"value":"become"} {"time":8379,"type":"word","start":175,"end":179,"value":"more"} {"time":8635,"type":"word","start":180,"end":190,"value":"segregated"} " audio-path="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1302571176-1-title.mp3" audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1302571176-1-titleslow.mp3"> <div id="0" class="js-article-item text-column article-description"> <p>President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal leads to the creation of segregated public housing and all-white suburbs, causing cities to become more segregated.</p> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1302571176-1-title.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1302571176-1-titleslow.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> </div> <div ng-attr-sw-speech-marks speechmarks="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":36,"value":"President"} {"time":479,"type":"word","start":37,"end":45,"value":"Franklin"} {"time":950,"type":"word","start":46,"end":48,"value":"D."} {"time":1123,"type":"word","start":49,"end":66,"value":"Roosevelt’s"} {"time":1802,"type":"word","start":67,"end":70,"value":"New"} {"time":1978,"type":"word","start":71,"end":75,"value":"Deal"} {"time":2238,"type":"word","start":76,"end":81,"value":"leads"} {"time":2506,"type":"word","start":82,"end":84,"value":"to"} {"time":2607,"type":"word","start":85,"end":88,"value":"the"} {"time":2728,"type":"word","start":89,"end":97,"value":"creation"} {"time":3182,"type":"word","start":98,"end":100,"value":"of"} {"time":3266,"type":"word","start":101,"end":111,"value":"segregated"} {"time":3887,"type":"word","start":112,"end":118,"value":"public"} {"time":4233,"type":"word","start":119,"end":126,"value":"housing"} {"time":4625,"type":"word","start":127,"end":130,"value":"and"} {"time":4684,"type":"word","start":131,"end":140,"value":"all-white"} {"time":5094,"type":"word","start":141,"end":148,"value":"suburbs"} {"time":5883,"type":"word","start":150,"end":157,"value":"causing"} {"time":6301,"type":"word","start":158,"end":164,"value":"cities"} {"time":6691,"type":"word","start":165,"end":167,"value":"to"} {"time":6778,"type":"word","start":168,"end":174,"value":"become"} {"time":7088,"type":"word","start":175,"end":179,"value":"more"} {"time":7298,"type":"word","start":180,"end":190,"value":"segregated"} " speechmarks-slow="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":36,"value":"President"} {"time":559,"type":"word","start":37,"end":45,"value":"Franklin"} {"time":1127,"type":"word","start":46,"end":48,"value":"D."} {"time":1335,"type":"word","start":49,"end":66,"value":"Roosevelt’s"} {"time":2133,"type":"word","start":67,"end":70,"value":"New"} {"time":2349,"type":"word","start":71,"end":75,"value":"Deal"} {"time":2669,"type":"word","start":76,"end":81,"value":"leads"} {"time":3001,"type":"word","start":82,"end":84,"value":"to"} {"time":3122,"type":"word","start":85,"end":88,"value":"the"} {"time":3278,"type":"word","start":89,"end":97,"value":"creation"} {"time":3825,"type":"word","start":98,"end":100,"value":"of"} {"time":3916,"type":"word","start":101,"end":111,"value":"segregated"} {"time":4640,"type":"word","start":112,"end":118,"value":"public"} {"time":5061,"type":"word","start":119,"end":126,"value":"housing"} {"time":5524,"type":"word","start":127,"end":130,"value":"and"} {"time":5583,"type":"word","start":131,"end":140,"value":"all-white"} {"time":6066,"type":"word","start":141,"end":148,"value":"suburbs"} {"time":6950,"type":"word","start":150,"end":157,"value":"causing"} {"time":7448,"type":"word","start":158,"end":164,"value":"cities"} {"time":7904,"type":"word","start":165,"end":167,"value":"to"} {"time":8004,"type":"word","start":168,"end":174,"value":"become"} {"time":8379,"type":"word","start":175,"end":179,"value":"more"} {"time":8635,"type":"word","start":180,"end":190,"value":"segregated"} " audio-path="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1302571176-2-title.mp3" audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1302571176-2-titleslow.mp3"> <div id="1" class="js-article-item text-column article-description"> <p>President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal leads to the creation of segregated public housing and all-white suburbs, causing cities to become more segregated.</p> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1302571176-2-title.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1302571176-2-titleslow.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div></div> <div class="horizontal-ruler parbase"><div class="divider-component ela-content-wrapper-1060"> <div class="border-divider " style="background-color: ; width: px"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cm-migration-image parbase"> <div class="cm-migration-image-container" ng-controller="articleHeroImageController"> <div class="hero-image image-popup-image-layout"> <div class="image-popup-image-container" ng-class="true? 'cm-migration-image-bottom-radius':''"> <div target="_blank"> <sw-image src="/content/dam/classroom-magazines/upfront/issues/2019-20/030920/p18-21-tp-timespast/UPF03090-TP-M6.jpg" alt height="auto" width="670px" image-popup-class="cm-image-wrapper" pop-up-image-configured="/content/dam/classroom-magazines/upfront/issues/2019-20/030920/p18-21-tp-timespast/UPF03090-TP-P6.jpg" image-class="sn4-image-background"> </sw-image> </div> <div class="caption-section"> <div> <div class="img-popup-caption wordBreak"> <p>First day of school at the newly integrated Fort Myer Elementary in Virginia, 1954</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="popup-img-icon"> <span class="sw-icon expand-icon" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> <button data-toggle="modal" class="popup-img-button" data-target=".714e0cc2-7997-4e0d-a954-ce65862aaaee" aria-label="Open Image Popup"></button> <div id="myModal-714e0cc2-7997-4e0d-a954-ce65862aaaee" class="modal modal-wide 714e0cc2-7997-4e0d-a954-ce65862aaaee" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-label="Popup Image" trap-focus> <button class="close sw-icon close-icon" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close Image Popup"></button> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg popup-modal-image-container" role="document"> <div class="image-popup-content close" data-dismiss="modal"> <sw-image src="/content/dam/classroom-magazines/upfront/issues/2019-20/030920/p18-21-tp-timespast/UPF03090-TP-P6.jpg" alt image-class="article-hero-modal-image"></sw-image> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-title parbase"> <div class="article-title-layout" ng-controller="articleTitleController" data-font-color="#EC1D25"> <div class="row nomarLR" ng-attr-sw-speech-marks speechmarks="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":31,"value":"1954"} {"time":1437,"type":"word","start":38,"end":43,"value":"Brown"} {"time":1827,"type":"word","start":44,"end":45,"value":"v"} {"time":2884,"type":"word","start":47,"end":52,"value":"Board"} {"time":3194,"type":"word","start":53,"end":55,"value":"of"} {"time":3298,"type":"word","start":56,"end":65,"value":"Education"} " audio-path="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_1751482820-rtefield.mp3" speechmarks-slow="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":31,"value":"1954"} {"time":1667,"type":"word","start":38,"end":43,"value":"Brown"} {"time":2127,"type":"word","start":44,"end":45,"value":"v"} {"time":3269,"type":"word","start":47,"end":52,"value":"Board"} {"time":3642,"type":"word","start":53,"end":55,"value":"of"} {"time":3755,"type":"word","start":56,"end":65,"value":"Education"} " audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_1751482820-rtefieldslow.mp3"> <div class="article-title-component article-title-dek"> <h2><p>1954: <i>Brown</i> v. <i>Board of Education</i></p> </h2> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_1751482820-rtefield.mp3" preload="none"></audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_1751482820-rtefieldslow.mp3" preload="none"></audio> </div> </div></div> <div class="article-text parbase"> <div ng-controller="articleTextImageController"> <div> <div class="article-text-image-top-layout js-article-vocabularySearch "> <div class="row nomarLR article-text-image"> <div id="ArticleTextDataSection" class="js-article-data-section"> <div ng-attr-sw-speech-marks speechmarks="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":30,"value":"The"} {"time":99,"type":"word","start":31,"end":38,"value":"Supreme"} {"time":602,"type":"word","start":39,"end":44,"value":"Court"} {"time":893,"type":"word","start":45,"end":50,"value":"rules"} {"time":1268,"type":"word","start":51,"end":55,"value":"that"} {"time":1423,"type":"word","start":56,"end":66,"value":"segregated"} {"time":2074,"type":"word","start":67,"end":73,"value":"public"} {"time":2430,"type":"word","start":74,"end":81,"value":"schools"} {"time":2918,"type":"word","start":82,"end":85,"value":"are"} {"time":3086,"type":"word","start":86,"end":102,"value":"unconstitutional"} {"time":4339,"type":"word","start":104,"end":115,"value":"overturning"} {"time":4893,"type":"word","start":116,"end":119,"value":"the"} {"time":4965,"type":"word","start":127,"end":135,"value":"separate"} {"time":5379,"type":"word","start":136,"end":139,"value":"but"} {"time":5514,"type":"word","start":140,"end":145,"value":"equal"} {"time":5799,"type":"word","start":153,"end":161,"value":"standard"} {"time":6201,"type":"word","start":162,"end":173,"value":"established"} {"time":6752,"type":"word","start":174,"end":176,"value":"in"} {"time":6845,"type":"word","start":177,"end":179,"value":"18"} {"time":7173,"type":"word","start":179,"end":181,"value":"96"} " speechmarks-slow="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":30,"value":"The"} {"time":126,"type":"word","start":31,"end":38,"value":"Supreme"} {"time":709,"type":"word","start":39,"end":44,"value":"Court"} {"time":1045,"type":"word","start":45,"end":50,"value":"rules"} {"time":1494,"type":"word","start":51,"end":55,"value":"that"} {"time":1675,"type":"word","start":56,"end":66,"value":"segregated"} {"time":2445,"type":"word","start":67,"end":73,"value":"public"} {"time":2884,"type":"word","start":74,"end":81,"value":"schools"} {"time":3447,"type":"word","start":82,"end":85,"value":"are"} {"time":3661,"type":"word","start":86,"end":102,"value":"unconstitutional"} {"time":5087,"type":"word","start":104,"end":115,"value":"overturning"} {"time":5749,"type":"word","start":116,"end":119,"value":"the"} {"time":5827,"type":"word","start":127,"end":135,"value":"separate"} {"time":6298,"type":"word","start":136,"end":139,"value":"but"} {"time":6447,"type":"word","start":140,"end":145,"value":"equal"} {"time":6777,"type":"word","start":153,"end":161,"value":"standard"} {"time":7229,"type":"word","start":162,"end":173,"value":"established"} {"time":7861,"type":"word","start":174,"end":176,"value":"in"} {"time":7954,"type":"word","start":177,"end":179,"value":"18"} {"time":8335,"type":"word","start":179,"end":181,"value":"96"} " audio-path="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1589228182-1-title.mp3" audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1589228182-1-titleslow.mp3"> <div id="0" class="js-article-item text-column article-description"> <p>The Supreme Court rules that segregated public schools are unconstitutional, overturning the “separate but equal” standard established in 1896.</p> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1589228182-1-title.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1589228182-1-titleslow.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> </div> <div ng-attr-sw-speech-marks speechmarks="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":30,"value":"The"} {"time":99,"type":"word","start":31,"end":38,"value":"Supreme"} {"time":602,"type":"word","start":39,"end":44,"value":"Court"} {"time":893,"type":"word","start":45,"end":50,"value":"rules"} {"time":1268,"type":"word","start":51,"end":55,"value":"that"} {"time":1423,"type":"word","start":56,"end":66,"value":"segregated"} 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speechmarks-slow="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":30,"value":"The"} {"time":126,"type":"word","start":31,"end":38,"value":"Supreme"} {"time":709,"type":"word","start":39,"end":44,"value":"Court"} {"time":1045,"type":"word","start":45,"end":50,"value":"rules"} {"time":1494,"type":"word","start":51,"end":55,"value":"that"} {"time":1675,"type":"word","start":56,"end":66,"value":"segregated"} {"time":2445,"type":"word","start":67,"end":73,"value":"public"} {"time":2884,"type":"word","start":74,"end":81,"value":"schools"} {"time":3447,"type":"word","start":82,"end":85,"value":"are"} {"time":3661,"type":"word","start":86,"end":102,"value":"unconstitutional"} {"time":5087,"type":"word","start":104,"end":115,"value":"overturning"} {"time":5749,"type":"word","start":116,"end":119,"value":"the"} {"time":5827,"type":"word","start":127,"end":135,"value":"separate"} {"time":6298,"type":"word","start":136,"end":139,"value":"but"} {"time":6447,"type":"word","start":140,"end":145,"value":"equal"} {"time":6777,"type":"word","start":153,"end":161,"value":"standard"} {"time":7229,"type":"word","start":162,"end":173,"value":"established"} {"time":7861,"type":"word","start":174,"end":176,"value":"in"} {"time":7954,"type":"word","start":177,"end":179,"value":"18"} {"time":8335,"type":"word","start":179,"end":181,"value":"96"} " audio-path="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1589228182-2-title.mp3" audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1589228182-2-titleslow.mp3"> <div id="1" class="js-article-item text-column article-description"> <p>The Supreme Court rules that segregated public schools are unconstitutional, overturning the “separate but equal” standard established in 1896.</p> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1589228182-2-title.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1589228182-2-titleslow.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div></div> <div class="horizontal-ruler parbase"><div class="divider-component ela-content-wrapper-1060"> <div class="border-divider " style="background-color: ; width: px"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-title parbase"> <div class="article-title-layout" ng-controller="articleTitleController" data-font-color="#EC1D25"> <div class="row nomarLR" ng-attr-sw-speech-marks speechmarks="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":31,"value":"1964"} {"time":1536,"type":"word","start":38,"end":41,"value":"The"} {"time":1614,"type":"word","start":42,"end":47,"value":"Civil"} {"time":1926,"type":"word","start":48,"end":54,"value":"Rights"} {"time":2293,"type":"word","start":55,"end":58,"value":"Act"} " audio-path="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_1276493410-rtefield.mp3" speechmarks-slow="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":31,"value":"1964"} {"time":1781,"type":"word","start":38,"end":41,"value":"The"} {"time":1866,"type":"word","start":42,"end":47,"value":"Civil"} {"time":2226,"type":"word","start":48,"end":54,"value":"Rights"} {"time":2663,"type":"word","start":55,"end":58,"value":"Act"} " audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_1276493410-rtefieldslow.mp3"> <div class="article-title-component article-title-dek"> <h2><p>1964: The Civil Rights Act</p> </h2> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_1276493410-rtefield.mp3" preload="none"></audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_title_copy_1276493410-rtefieldslow.mp3" preload="none"></audio> </div> </div></div> <div class="article-text parbase"> <div ng-controller="articleTextImageController"> <div> <div class="article-text-image-top-layout js-article-vocabularySearch "> <div class="row nomarLR article-text-image"> <div id="ArticleTextDataSection" class="js-article-data-section"> <div ng-attr-sw-speech-marks speechmarks="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":36,"value":"President"} {"time":463,"type":"word","start":37,"end":43,"value":"Lyndon"} {"time":744,"type":"word","start":44,"end":46,"value":"B."} {"time":921,"type":"word","start":47,"end":54,"value":"Johnson"} {"time":1421,"type":"word","start":55,"end":60,"value":"signs"} {"time":1802,"type":"word","start":61,"end":64,"value":"the"} {"time":1906,"type":"word","start":65,"end":70,"value":"Civil"} {"time":2193,"type":"word","start":71,"end":77,"value":"Rights"} {"time":2575,"type":"word","start":78,"end":81,"value":"Act"} {"time":3147,"type":"word","start":83,"end":92,"value":"outlawing"} {"time":3638,"type":"word","start":93,"end":104,"value":"segregation"} {"time":4330,"type":"word","start":105,"end":107,"value":"in"} {"time":4455,"type":"word","start":108,"end":114,"value":"public"} {"time":4818,"type":"word","start":115,"end":121,"value":"places"} {"time":5556,"type":"word","start":123,"end":133,"value":"businesses"} {"time":6464,"type":"word","start":135,"end":138,"value":"and"} {"time":6602,"type":"word","start":139,"end":149,"value":"employment"} " speechmarks-slow="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":36,"value":"President"} {"time":529,"type":"word","start":37,"end":43,"value":"Lyndon"} {"time":851,"type":"word","start":44,"end":46,"value":"B."} {"time":1056,"type":"word","start":47,"end":54,"value":"Johnson"} {"time":1634,"type":"word","start":55,"end":60,"value":"signs"} {"time":2083,"type":"word","start":61,"end":64,"value":"the"} {"time":2206,"type":"word","start":65,"end":70,"value":"Civil"} {"time":2535,"type":"word","start":71,"end":77,"value":"Rights"} {"time":2988,"type":"word","start":78,"end":81,"value":"Act"} {"time":3605,"type":"word","start":83,"end":92,"value":"outlawing"} {"time":4186,"type":"word","start":93,"end":104,"value":"segregation"} {"time":4997,"type":"word","start":105,"end":107,"value":"in"} {"time":5141,"type":"word","start":108,"end":114,"value":"public"} {"time":5570,"type":"word","start":115,"end":121,"value":"places"} {"time":6406,"type":"word","start":123,"end":133,"value":"businesses"} {"time":7445,"type":"word","start":135,"end":138,"value":"and"} {"time":7600,"type":"word","start":139,"end":149,"value":"employment"} " audio-path="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1180356092-1-title.mp3" audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1180356092-1-titleslow.mp3"> <div id="0" class="js-article-item text-column article-description"> <p>President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act, outlawing segregation in public places, businesses, and employment.</p> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1180356092-1-title.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1180356092-1-titleslow.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> </div> <div ng-attr-sw-speech-marks speechmarks="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":36,"value":"President"} {"time":463,"type":"word","start":37,"end":43,"value":"Lyndon"} {"time":744,"type":"word","start":44,"end":46,"value":"B."} {"time":921,"type":"word","start":47,"end":54,"value":"Johnson"} {"time":1421,"type":"word","start":55,"end":60,"value":"signs"} {"time":1802,"type":"word","start":61,"end":64,"value":"the"} {"time":1906,"type":"word","start":65,"end":70,"value":"Civil"} {"time":2193,"type":"word","start":71,"end":77,"value":"Rights"} {"time":2575,"type":"word","start":78,"end":81,"value":"Act"} {"time":3147,"type":"word","start":83,"end":92,"value":"outlawing"} {"time":3638,"type":"word","start":93,"end":104,"value":"segregation"} {"time":4330,"type":"word","start":105,"end":107,"value":"in"} {"time":4455,"type":"word","start":108,"end":114,"value":"public"} {"time":4818,"type":"word","start":115,"end":121,"value":"places"} {"time":5556,"type":"word","start":123,"end":133,"value":"businesses"} {"time":6464,"type":"word","start":135,"end":138,"value":"and"} {"time":6602,"type":"word","start":139,"end":149,"value":"employment"} " speechmarks-slow="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":36,"value":"President"} {"time":529,"type":"word","start":37,"end":43,"value":"Lyndon"} {"time":851,"type":"word","start":44,"end":46,"value":"B."} {"time":1056,"type":"word","start":47,"end":54,"value":"Johnson"} {"time":1634,"type":"word","start":55,"end":60,"value":"signs"} {"time":2083,"type":"word","start":61,"end":64,"value":"the"} {"time":2206,"type":"word","start":65,"end":70,"value":"Civil"} {"time":2535,"type":"word","start":71,"end":77,"value":"Rights"} {"time":2988,"type":"word","start":78,"end":81,"value":"Act"} {"time":3605,"type":"word","start":83,"end":92,"value":"outlawing"} {"time":4186,"type":"word","start":93,"end":104,"value":"segregation"} {"time":4997,"type":"word","start":105,"end":107,"value":"in"} {"time":5141,"type":"word","start":108,"end":114,"value":"public"} {"time":5570,"type":"word","start":115,"end":121,"value":"places"} {"time":6406,"type":"word","start":123,"end":133,"value":"businesses"} {"time":7445,"type":"word","start":135,"end":138,"value":"and"} {"time":7600,"type":"word","start":139,"end":149,"value":"employment"} " audio-path="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1180356092-2-title.mp3" audio-path-slow="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1180356092-2-titleslow.mp3"> <div id="1" class="js-article-item text-column article-description"> <p>President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act, outlawing segregation in public places, businesses, and employment.</p> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1180356092-2-title.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1180356092-2-titleslow.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div></div> <div class="horizontal-ruler parbase"><div class="divider-component ela-content-wrapper-1060"> <div class="border-divider " style="background-color: ; width: px"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-title parbase"> <div 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'cm-migration-image-bottom-radius':''"> <div target="_blank"> <sw-image src="/content/dam/classroom-magazines/upfront/issues/2019-20/030920/p18-21-tp-timespast/UPF03090-TP-M7.jpg" alt height="auto" width="670px" image-popup-class="cm-image-wrapper" pop-up-image-configured="/content/dam/classroom-magazines/upfront/issues/2019-20/030920/p18-21-tp-timespast/UPF03090-TP-P7.jpg" image-class="sn4-image-background"> </sw-image> </div> <div class="caption-section"> <div> <div class="img-popup-credits wordBreak"> <p>Spencer Grant/Getty Images</p> </div> </div> <div> <div class="img-popup-caption wordBreak"> <p>Police escort<b> </b>buses carrying black students to majority-white schools in Boston in 1974.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="popup-img-icon"> <span class="sw-icon expand-icon" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> <button data-toggle="modal" class="popup-img-button" data-target=".fe2dfe80-499c-4ffa-b50f-5853dae81257" aria-label="Open Image Popup"></button> <div 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id="0" class="js-article-item text-column article-description"> <p>After Boston formulates a plan to integrate its schools by busing students, riots erupt. 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It’s the most famous of the movements in the North to oppose busing. </p> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1829306514-2-title.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_1829306514-2-titleslow.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div></div> <div class="horizontal-ruler parbase"><div class="divider-component ela-content-wrapper-1060"> <div class="border-divider " style="background-color: ; width: px"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cm-migration-image parbase"> <div class="cm-migration-image-container" ng-controller="articleHeroImageController"> <div class="hero-image image-popup-image-layout"> <div class="image-popup-image-container" ng-class="false? 'cm-migration-image-bottom-radius':''"> <div target="_blank"> <sw-image src="/content/dam/classroom-magazines/upfront/issues/2019-20/030920/p18-21-tp-timespast/UPF03090-TP-M8.jpg" alt height="auto" width="670px" image-popup-class="cm-image-wrapper" image-class="sn4-image-background"> </sw-image> </div> <div class="caption-section"> <div> <div class="img-popup-credits wordBreak"> <p>Courtesy of IntegrateNYC</p> </div> </div> <div> <div class="img-popup-caption wordBreak"> <p>New York City<b> </b>students protest segregation in their schools, 2019.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-title parbase"> <div class="article-title-layout" ng-controller="articleTitleController" data-font-color="#EC1D25"> <div class="row nomarLR" ng-attr-sw-speech-marks speechmarks="{"time":6,"type":"word","start":27,"end":32,"value":"TODAY"} {"time":806,"type":"word","start":39,"end":49,"value":"Persistent"} 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article-description"> <p>Many cities and schools throughout the country, especially in the North, remain segregated. In 2019, hundreds of public school students in New York City take part in demonstrations, calling for more action to integrate schools.</p> </div> <audio class="audio-elem normal" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_893325038-2-title.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> <audio class="audio-elem slow" src="https://classmags-cf-prod.scholastic.com/prod_publish/SpeechmarksAudioFiles/upfront-issues-2019-20-030920-the-jim-crow-north-jcr%3Acontent-col-ctrl-col1-column_control_copy_-col0-article_text_893325038-2-titleslow.mp3" preload="none"> </audio> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="acs-commons-resp-colctrl-col acs-commons-resp-colctrl-col-20"> <div class="parsys-container"> <div class="subjects-covered"> 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difference</p> " data-vocabulary-imagealt> </div> <div class="hidden" data-ellipsis></div> <div class="js-vocabulary-word" data-vocabulary-word="segregation" data-vocabulary-definition="<p>noun—the practice of keeping people separate based on race, religion, or other characteristic, often by discriminatory means</p> " data-vocabulary-imagealt> </div> <div class="hidden" data-ellipsis></div> <div class="js-vocabulary-word" data-vocabulary-word="subsidized" data-vocabulary-definition="<p>noun—aided or supported with money</p> " data-vocabulary-imagealt> </div> <div class="hidden" data-ellipsis></div> <div class="js-vocabulary-word" data-vocabulary-word="deed" data-vocabulary-definition="<p>noun—a contract or signed legal document</p> " data-vocabulary-imagealt> </div> <div class="hidden" data-ellipsis></div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div id="alternative-language-contents"> </div> </div> <div> <div class="article-resources parbase"> <div 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