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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flanders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flanders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Flanders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flanders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Seventeen Provinces</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="الأقاليم السبعة عشر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأقاليم السبعة عشر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diecisiete_Provincies" title="Diecisiete Provincies – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Diecisiete Provincies" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Сямнаццаць правінцый – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сямнаццаць правінцый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Седемнадесет провинции – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Седемнадесет провинции" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seitek_Provi%C3%B1s" title="Seitek Proviñs – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Seitek Proviñs" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disset_Prov%C3%ADncies" title="Disset Províncies – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Disset Províncies" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedmn%C3%A1ct_provinci%C3%AD" title="Sedmnáct provincií – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sedmnáct provincií" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_sytten_provinser" title="De sytten provinser – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="De sytten provinser" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siebzehn_Provinzen" title="Siebzehn Provinzen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Siebzehn Provinzen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seitseteist_provintsi" title="Seitseteist provintsi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Seitseteist provintsi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Δεκαεπτά Επαρχίες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δεκαεπτά Επαρχίες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diecisiete_Provincias" title="Diecisiete Provincias – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Diecisiete Provincias" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dek_sep_Provincoj" title="Dek sep Provincoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dek sep Provincoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamazazpi_Probintziak" title="Hamazazpi Probintziak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hamazazpi Probintziak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%81%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هفده استان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هفده استان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dix-Sept_Provinces" title="Dix-Sept Provinces – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dix-Sept Provinces" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dezasete_Provincias" title="Dezasete Provincias – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dezasete Provincias" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EB%8D%9C%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C_17%EC%A3%BC" title="네덜란드 17주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네덜란드 17주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tujuh_Belas_Provinsi" title="Tujuh Belas Provinsi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tujuh Belas Provinsi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diciassette_Province" title="Diciassette Province – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diciassette Province" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%94-%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שבעה-עשר המחוזות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שבעה-עשר המחוזות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ჩვიდმეტი პროვინცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩვიდმეტი პროვინცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septi%C5%86padsmit_provinces" title="Septiņpadsmit provinces – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Septiņpadsmit provinces" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siwwenz%C3%A9ng_Prov%C3%ABnzen" title="Siwwenzéng Provënzen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Siwwenzéng Provënzen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tizenh%C3%A9t_Tartom%C3%A1ny" title="Tizenhét Tartomány – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tizenhét Tartomány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4" title="सतरा प्रांत – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सतरा प्रांत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tujuh_Belas_Provinsi" title="Tujuh Belas Provinsi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tujuh Belas Provinsi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeventien_Provinci%C3%ABn" title="Zeventien Provinciën – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zeventien Provinciën" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeuventien_Previnsien" title="Zeuventien Previnsien – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Zeuventien Previnsien" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8817%E5%B7%9E" title="ネーデルラント17州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネーデルラント17州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_sytten_nederlandske_provinser" title="De sytten nederlandske provinser – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="De sytten nederlandske provinser" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dei_sytten_provinsane" title="Dei sytten provinsane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dei sytten provinsane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zjednoczone_Prowincje_Niderland%C3%B3w" title="Zjednoczone Prowincje Niderlandów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zjednoczone Prowincje Niderlandów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dezessete_Prov%C3%ADncias" title="Dezessete Províncias – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dezessete Províncias" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cele_%C8%98aptesprezece_Provincii" title="Cele Șaptesprezece Provincii – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cele Șaptesprezece Provincii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Семнадцать провинций – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Семнадцать провинций" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventeen_Provinces" title="Seventeen Provinces – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Seventeen Provinces" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedemnajst_provinc" title="Sedemnajst provinc – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sedemnajst provinc" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seitsem%C3%A4ntoista_provinssia" title="Seitsemäntoista provinssia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Seitsemäntoista provinssia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_sjutton_provinserna" title="De sjutton provinserna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="De sjutton provinserna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5" title="กลุ่มสิบเจ็ดมณฑล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มสิบเจ็ดมณฑล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/17_il" title="17 il – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="17 il" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Сімнадцять провінцій – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сімнадцять провінцій" 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vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Seventeen Provinces</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Zeventien Provinciën</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1549–1581</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Netherlands"><img alt="Flag of Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/125px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/188px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/250px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Burgundy" title="Cross of Burgundy">Cross of Burgundy</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor_as_Heir_of_Philip_the_Handsome.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Netherlands"><img alt="Coat of arms of Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_V%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_as_Heir_of_Philip_the_Handsome.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_V%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_as_Heir_of_Philip_the_Handsome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_V%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_as_Heir_of_Philip_the_Handsome.svg/250px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_V%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_as_Heir_of_Philip_the_Handsome.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="858" data-file-height="1235" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Netherlands"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Habsburg_Netherlands_by_Alexis-Marie_Gochet.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Seventeen Provinces, 1581 secession outlined in red"><img alt="Map of the Seventeen Provinces, 1581 secession outlined in red" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Map_of_the_Habsburg_Netherlands_by_Alexis-Marie_Gochet.png/250px-Map_of_the_Habsburg_Netherlands_by_Alexis-Marie_Gochet.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Map_of_the_Habsburg_Netherlands_by_Alexis-Marie_Gochet.png/500px-Map_of_the_Habsburg_Netherlands_by_Alexis-Marie_Gochet.png 1.5x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="744" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Map of the Seventeen Provinces, 1581 secession outlined in red</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal union</a> of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Imperial</a> <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fiefs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/West_Low_German" class="mw-redirect" title="West Low German">Low Saxon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_language" title="West Frisian language">Frisian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_language" title="Walloon language">Walloon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish language">Luxembourgish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="French Language">French</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> (official)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Netherlands">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">Early modern period</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Pragmatic_Sanction_of_1549" title="Pragmatic Sanction of 1549">Pragmatic Sanction of 1549</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1549</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Dutch <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Abjuration" title="Act of Abjuration">Act of Abjuration</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1581</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:NL" title="ISO 3166-2:NL">NL</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/20px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/40px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Seventeen Provinces</b> were the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial state">Imperial states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</a> in the 16th century. They roughly covered the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a>, i.e., what is now the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, and most of the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Flanders" title="French Flanders">French Flanders</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Hainaut" title="French Hainaut">French Hainaut</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a> (<a href="/wiki/Artois" title="Artois">Artois</a>). Also within this area were semi-independent fiefdoms, mainly ecclesiastical ones, such as <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Prince-Bishopric of Liège">Liège</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Cambrésis">Cambrai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Stavelot-Malmedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy">Stavelot-Malmedy</a>. </p><p>The Seventeen Provinces arose from the <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Netherlands" title="Burgundian Netherlands">Burgundian Netherlands</a>, a number of fiefs held by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois-Burgundy" title="House of Valois-Burgundy">House of Valois-Burgundy</a> and inherited by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> in 1482, and held by <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Habsburg Spain</a> from 1556. Starting in 1512, the Provinces formed the major part of the <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Circle" title="Burgundian Circle">Burgundian Circle</a>. In 1581, the Seven United Provinces seceded to form the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventeen_Provinces&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Die_Niederlande_Nach_denen_XVII_Provincien_Eingetheilet_(Zeventien_Provinci%C3%ABn_der_Nederlanden,_17_Provinces)_Gabriel_Bodenehr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Die_Niederlande_Nach_denen_XVII_Provincien_Eingetheilet_%28Zeventien_Provinci%C3%ABn_der_Nederlanden%2C_17_Provinces%29_Gabriel_Bodenehr.jpg/250px-Die_Niederlande_Nach_denen_XVII_Provincien_Eingetheilet_%28Zeventien_Provinci%C3%ABn_der_Nederlanden%2C_17_Provinces%29_Gabriel_Bodenehr.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Die_Niederlande_Nach_denen_XVII_Provincien_Eingetheilet_%28Zeventien_Provinci%C3%ABn_der_Nederlanden%2C_17_Provinces%29_Gabriel_Bodenehr.jpg/500px-Die_Niederlande_Nach_denen_XVII_Provincien_Eingetheilet_%28Zeventien_Provinci%C3%ABn_der_Nederlanden%2C_17_Provinces%29_Gabriel_Bodenehr.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4917" data-file-height="3887" /></a><figcaption>Seventeen Provinces map by Gabriel Bodenehr</figcaption></figure> <p>After the Habsburg emperor <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> had re-acquired the Duchy of <a href="/wiki/Guelders" class="mw-redirect" title="Guelders">Guelders</a> from Duke <a href="/wiki/William,_Duke_of_J%C3%BClich-Cleves-Berg" title="William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg">William of Jülich-Cleves-Berg</a> by the 1543 <a href="/wiki/Italian_War_of_1542%E2%80%931546" title="Italian War of 1542–1546">Treaty of Venlo</a>, the Seventeen Provinces comprised: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Seventeen Provinces<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wzp_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wzp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Coat of arms </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Name </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Developments </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Counts_of_Holland_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Counts_of_Holland_Arms.svg/30px-Counts_of_Holland_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Counts_of_Holland_Arms.svg/45px-Counts_of_Holland_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Counts_of_Holland_Arms.svg/60px-Counts_of_Holland_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_of_Holland" title="County of Holland">County of Holland</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F8ECE0">Territory integrated into the United Provinces in 1581. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coatofarmszeeland.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coatofarmszeeland.PNG/30px-Coatofarmszeeland.PNG" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coatofarmszeeland.PNG/45px-Coatofarmszeeland.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coatofarmszeeland.PNG/60px-Coatofarmszeeland.PNG 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="132" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_of_Zeeland" title="County of Zeeland">County of Zeeland</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F8ECE0">Linked to the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Holland" title="County of Holland">County of Holland</a>. Territory integrated into the United Provinces in 1581. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Blason_Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg/40px-Blason_Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Blason_Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg/60px-Blason_Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County of Flanders</a></td> <td>Including <a href="/wiki/Walloon_Flanders" title="Walloon Flanders">Walloon Flanders</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasselrij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasselrij (page does not exist)">kasselrijen</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasselrij_Rijsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasselrij Rijsel (page does not exist)">Rijsel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douai" title="Douai">Douai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orchies" title="Orchies">Orchies</a>) the <a href="/wiki/Burgrave" title="Burgrave">burgraviates</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tournai_and_the_Tournaisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tournai and the Tournaisis">Lordship of Tournai and the Tournaisis</a> (since 1521) nominally part of Flanders. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Robert_dArtois.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Arms_of_Robert_dArtois.svg/30px-Arms_of_Robert_dArtois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Arms_of_Robert_dArtois.svg/45px-Arms_of_Robert_dArtois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Arms_of_Robert_dArtois.svg/60px-Arms_of_Robert_dArtois.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_of_Artois" title="County of Artois">County of Artois</a></td> <td bgcolor="#EFEFFB">Definitively ceded to France in 1659 by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Pyrenees" title="Treaty of the Pyrenees">Treaty of the Pyrenees</a>. Except <a href="/wiki/Aire-sur-la-Lys" title="Aire-sur-la-Lys">Aire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sint-Omaars" class="mw-redirect" title="Sint-Omaars">Sint-Omaars</a>, ceded with the <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Nijmegen" title="Treaties of Nijmegen">Treaties of Nijmegen</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_fr_Hainaut_ancien.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Blason_fr_Hainaut_ancien.svg/30px-Blason_fr_Hainaut_ancien.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Blason_fr_Hainaut_ancien.svg/45px-Blason_fr_Hainaut_ancien.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Blason_fr_Hainaut_ancien.svg/60px-Blason_fr_Hainaut_ancien.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_of_Hainaut" title="County of Hainaut">County of Hainaut</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Namur_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Namur_Arms.svg/40px-Namur_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Namur_Arms.svg/60px-Namur_Arms.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_of_Namur" title="County of Namur">County of Namur</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_Zutphen_1581.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Escudo_de_Zutphen_1581.png/30px-Escudo_de_Zutphen_1581.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Escudo_de_Zutphen_1581.png/45px-Escudo_de_Zutphen_1581.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Escudo_de_Zutphen_1581.png/60px-Escudo_de_Zutphen_1581.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_of_Zutphen" title="County of Zutphen">County of Zutphen</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F8ECE0">Since 1543.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linked to the Duchy of Gelre. Territory integrated into the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">United Provinces</a> in 1581 and reintegrated in 1591. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wapenschild_van_Brabant.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Wapenschild_van_Brabant.svg/30px-Wapenschild_van_Brabant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Wapenschild_van_Brabant.svg/45px-Wapenschild_van_Brabant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Wapenschild_van_Brabant.svg/60px-Wapenschild_van_Brabant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="468" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Duchy of Brabant</a></td> <td>Including the <a href="/wiki/Breda" title="Breda">Lordship of Breda</a>, the counties of <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, and the advocacy of the Abbey of <a href="/wiki/Nivelles" title="Nivelles">Nivelles</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Gembloux" title="Gembloux">Gembloux</a>, and the "<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landen_van_Overmaas" class="extiw" title="nl:Landen van Overmaas">Overmaas</a>" lands of Brabant (<a href="/wiki/Dalhem" title="Dalhem">Dalhem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valkenburg_aan_de_Geul" title="Valkenburg aan de Geul">Valkenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herzogenrath" title="Herzogenrath">Herzogenrath</a>). Part of the territory was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">United Provinces</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg/60px-Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="308" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Duchy of Luxembourg">Duchy of Luxembourg</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Modern_Arms_of_Limburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Modern_Arms_of_Limburg.svg/30px-Modern_Arms_of_Limburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Modern_Arms_of_Limburg.svg/45px-Modern_Arms_of_Limburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Modern_Arms_of_Limburg.svg/60px-Modern_Arms_of_Limburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="963" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Limburg" title="Duchy of Limburg">Duchy of Limburg</a></td> <td>Linked to the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Duchy of Brabant</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_Gueldre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Armoiries_Gueldre.svg/30px-Armoiries_Gueldre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Armoiries_Gueldre.svg/45px-Armoiries_Gueldre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Armoiries_Gueldre.svg/60px-Armoiries_Gueldre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Guelders" title="Duchy of Guelders">Duchy of Guelders</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F8ECE0">With the <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Drenthe" class="mw-redirect" title="Lordship of Drenthe">Lordship of Drenthe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingen">Lingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wedde" title="Wedde">Wedde</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Westerwolde_(region)" title="Westerwolde (region)">Westerwolde</a>. Since 1543.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Territory integrated into the United Provinces in 1581; except one part. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Small_coat_of_arms_of_Overijssel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Small_coat_of_arms_of_Overijssel.svg/40px-Small_coat_of_arms_of_Overijssel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Small_coat_of_arms_of_Overijssel.svg/60px-Small_coat_of_arms_of_Overijssel.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Overijssel" title="Lordship of Overijssel">Lordship of Overijssel</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F8ECE0">Includes <a href="/wiki/Drenthe" title="Drenthe">Drente</a> <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestand:Seven_United_Netherlands_Janssonius_1658.jpg" class="extiw" title="nl:Bestand:Seven United Netherlands Janssonius 1658.jpg">(map of 1658)</a>. County of Lingen, <a href="/wiki/Wedde_(Groningen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedde (Groningen)">Wedde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westerwolde_(region)" title="Westerwolde (region)">Westwoldingerland</a> (since 1528). Territory integrated into the United Provinces in 1591.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_Groniga_1581.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Escudo_de_Groniga_1581.svg/30px-Escudo_de_Groniga_1581.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Escudo_de_Groniga_1581.svg/45px-Escudo_de_Groniga_1581.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Escudo_de_Groniga_1581.svg/60px-Escudo_de_Groniga_1581.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Groningen" title="Lordship of Groningen">Lordship of Groningen</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F8ECE0">Including the <a href="/wiki/Ommelanden" title="Ommelanden">Ommelanden</a>. Since 1536. Territory fully integrated into the United Provinces in 1594.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Small_coat_of_arms_of_Friesland.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Small_coat_of_arms_of_Friesland.png/30px-Small_coat_of_arms_of_Friesland.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Small_coat_of_arms_of_Friesland.png/45px-Small_coat_of_arms_of_Friesland.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Small_coat_of_arms_of_Friesland.png/60px-Small_coat_of_arms_of_Friesland.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Frisia" title="Lordship of Frisia">Lordship of Frisia</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F8ECE0">Since 1524. Territory integrated into the United Provinces in 1581. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png/30px-Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png/45px-Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png/60px-Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="494" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Utrecht" title="Lordship of Utrecht">Lordship of Utrecht</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F8ECE0">Since 1528. Territory integrated into the United Provinces in 1581. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_Malinas_1581.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Escudo_de_Malinas_1581.svg/30px-Escudo_de_Malinas_1581.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Escudo_de_Malinas_1581.svg/45px-Escudo_de_Malinas_1581.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Escudo_de_Malinas_1581.svg/60px-Escudo_de_Malinas_1581.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Mechelen" title="Lordship of Mechelen">Lordship of Mechelen</a></td> <td>Linked to the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Duchy of Brabant</a>. Territory of the United Provinces between 1581-1585.<sup id="cite_ref-Lafuente_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lafuente-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_be_Marquisat_d_Anvers.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Blason_be_Marquisat_d_Anvers.svg/40px-Blason_be_Marquisat_d_Anvers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Blason_be_Marquisat_d_Anvers.svg/60px-Blason_be_Marquisat_d_Anvers.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Antwerp" title="Margraviate of Antwerp">Margraviate of Antwerp</a></td> <td>Linked to the Duchy of Brabant. Lost by the United Provinces in 1585.<sup id="cite_ref-Lafuente_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lafuente-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Each province had a distinct Coat of Arms. The <a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General of the Netherlands</a> had itself its coat, a red shield with an armed golden lion. </p><p>It was not always the same seventeen provinces represented at the <a href="/wiki/Estates-General_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Estates-General of the Netherlands">Estates-General of the Netherlands</a>. Sometimes, one delegation was included in another. </p><p>In later years, the County of Zutphen became a part of the Duchy of Guelders, and the Duchy of Limburg was dependent on the Duchy of Brabant. The Lordship of Drenthe is sometimes considered part of the Lordship of Overijssel. On the other hand, the French-speaking cities of Flanders were sometimes recognised as a separate province. Therefore, in some lists Zutphen and Drenthe are replaced by </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burgrave" title="Burgrave">burgraviates</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douai" title="Douai">Douai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orchies" title="Orchies">Orchies</a> (also called <a href="/wiki/Walloon_Flanders" title="Walloon Flanders">Walloon Flanders</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tournai_and_the_Tournaisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tournai and the Tournaisis">Tournai and the Tournaisis</a></li></ul> <p>There were a number of <a href="/wiki/Fiefdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiefdom">fiefdoms</a> in the Low Countries that were not part of the Seventeen Provinces, mainly because they did not belong to the Burgundian Circle, but to the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhenish-Westphalian_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle">Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle</a>. The largest of these were the <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Prince-Bishopric of Liège">Prince-Bishopric of Liège</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Horne" title="County of Horne">County of Horne</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Cambrésis">Bishopric of Cambrai</a>. The ethnically and culturally Dutch duchies of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cleves" title="Duchy of Cleves">Cleves</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_J%C3%BClich" title="Duchy of Jülich">Julich</a> did not join either. In the north, there were also a few smaller entities like the island of <a href="/wiki/Ameland" title="Ameland">Ameland</a> that would retain their own lords until the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. </p><p>Historians came up with different variations of the list, but always with 17 members. This number could have been chosen because of its Christian connotation.<sup id="cite_ref-lu07_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lu07-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventeen_Provinces&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:right; clear:right; text-align:center; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:70%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9" style="font-size:130%;">History of the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF9966; border-width: 1px 0 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Frisii" title="Frisii">Frisii</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#FF9966; border-width: 1px 0 1px 0; padding:0.25em 0.25em"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background:#996600; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Belgae" title="Belgae"><span style="color: white;">Belgae</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF9966; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em"> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Cananefates" title="Cananefates">Cana–<br />nefates</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#CC6633; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chamavi" title="Chamavi"><span style="color: white;">Chamavi</span></a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Tubantes" title="Tubantes"><span style="color: white;">Tubantes</span></a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 0"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a> <small>(55 BC–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 5th</span> AD)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Germania_Inferior" title="Germania Inferior">Germania Inferior</a> <small>(83–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 5th</span>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF9966; border-top:none; padding:0.25em 0.25em"> </td> <td style="background:#CC6633; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 0"><a href="/wiki/Salian_Franks" title="Salian Franks"><span style="color: white;">Salian Franks</span></a> </td> <td style="background:#CC6633; -align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 1px 1px"><a href="/wiki/Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Batavi (Germanic tribe)">Batavi</a> </td> <td style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#CC99FF; -align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"> </td> <td style="background:#CC99FF; border-width: 0 1px 0 0; padding:0.25em 0.25em"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#FF9966; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><i>unpopulated</i><br /><small>(4th–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 5th</span>)</small> </td> <td style="background:#CC6633; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0"><a href="/wiki/Saxons#Netherlands" title="Saxons"><span style="color: white;">Saxons</span></a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"><a href="/wiki/Salian_Franks" title="Salian Franks">Salian Franks</a><br /><small>(4th–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 5th</span>)</small> </td> <td style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"> </td> <td style="background:#CC99FF; border-width: 0 1px 0 0; padding:0.25em 0.25em"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#FF9966; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px"><a href="/wiki/Frisian_Kingdom" title="Frisian Kingdom">Frisian Kingdom</a><br /><small> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 6th</span>–734)</small> </td> <td style="background:#CC6633; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 1px"><a href="/wiki/Frankish_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish Kingdom">Frankish Kingdom</a> <small>(481–843)</small>—<a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a> <small>(800–843)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"><a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a> <small>(511–687)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 1px"> </td> <td style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Francia" title="Middle Francia">Middle Francia</a> <small>(843–855)</small> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West<br />Francia</a><br /><small>(843–)</small> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 1px"><a href="/wiki/Lotharingia" title="Lotharingia">Kingdom of Lotharingia</a> <small>(855– 959)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Lower_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Lorraine">Duchy of Lower Lorraine</a> <small>(959–)</small> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#FF9966; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px"><a href="/wiki/Frisia" title="Frisia">Frisia</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF9966; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px"><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Friesland_(kleine_wapen).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Friesland_%28kleine_wapen%29.svg/20px-Friesland_%28kleine_wapen%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Friesland_%28kleine_wapen%29.svg/30px-Friesland_%28kleine_wapen%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Friesland_%28kleine_wapen%29.svg/40px-Friesland_%28kleine_wapen%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="643" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Frisian_freedom" title="Frisian freedom">Frisian<br />Freedom</a><br /><small>(11–16th<br />century)</small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wapen_graafschap_Holland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wapen_graafschap_Holland.svg/20px-Wapen_graafschap_Holland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wapen_graafschap_Holland.svg/30px-Wapen_graafschap_Holland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wapen_graafschap_Holland.svg/40px-Wapen_graafschap_Holland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/County_of_Holland" title="County of Holland">County of<br />Holland</a><br /><small>(880–1432)</small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png/20px-Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png/30px-Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png/40px-Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="494" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Utrecht" title="Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht"><span class="nowrap">Bishopric of</span><br />Utrecht</a><br /><small>(695–1456)</small> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Brabant.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Brabant.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Brabant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Brabant.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Brabant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Brabant.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Brabant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="615" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Duchy of<br />Brabant</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><small>(1183–1430)</small></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guelders-J%C3%BClich_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Guelders-J%C3%BClich_Arms.svg/20px-Guelders-J%C3%BClich_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Guelders-J%C3%BClich_Arms.svg/30px-Guelders-J%C3%BClich_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Guelders-J%C3%BClich_Arms.svg/40px-Guelders-J%C3%BClich_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Guelders" class="mw-redirect" title="Guelders">Duchy of<br />Guelders</a><br /><small>(1046–1543)</small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Flanders.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Arms_of_Flanders.svg/20px-Arms_of_Flanders.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Arms_of_Flanders.svg/40px-Arms_of_Flanders.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="468" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County of<br />Flanders</a><br /><small>(862–1384)</small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hainaut_Modern_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hainaut_Modern_Arms.svg/20px-Hainaut_Modern_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hainaut_Modern_Arms.svg/40px-Hainaut_Modern_Arms.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><br /> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Hainaut" title="County of Hainaut">County of<br />Hainaut</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><small>(1071–1432)</small></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Namur.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Arms_of_Namur.svg/20px-Arms_of_Namur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Arms_of_Namur.svg/40px-Arms_of_Namur.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="468" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/County_of_Namur" title="County of Namur">County of<br />Namur</a><br /><small><span class="nowrap">(981–1421)</span></small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg/20px-Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg/30px-Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg/40px-Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Prince-Bishopric of Liège">P.-Bish.<br />of Liège</a><br /><br /><small><span class="nowrap">(980–1794)</span></small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Arms_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Arms_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Arms_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Arms_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Arms_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Arms_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="419" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Duchy of Luxembourg">Duchy of<br />Luxem-<br />bourg</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><small>(1059–1443)</small></span><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF9966; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 1px 1px">  </td> <td colspan="6" style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Netherlands" title="Burgundian Netherlands">Burgundian Netherlands</a> <small>(1384–1482)</small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em; padding:0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px"> </td> <td style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 1px 1px"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background:#efcccb; border:solid 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</a> <small>(1482–1795)</small><br />(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seventeen Provinces</a> <small>after 1543</small>) </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px">  </td> <td style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statenvlag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/20px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/40px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a><br /><small>(1581–1795)</small> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a><br /><small>(1556–1714)</small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px">  </td> <td style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em">  </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Austrian_Low_Countries_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Austrian_Low_Countries_Flag.svg/20px-Austrian_Low_Countries_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Austrian_Low_Countries_Flag.svg/40px-Austrian_Low_Countries_Flag.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Netherlands" title="Austrian Netherlands">Austrian Netherlands</a><br /><small>(1714–1795)</small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em; border-width:0 1px 0 1px"> </td> <td style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em">  </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#dac1dd; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 1px 0"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of Belgium">United States of Belgium</a><br /><small>(1790)</small> </td> <td style="background:#dac1dd; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 0"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LuikVlag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/LuikVlag.svg/20px-LuikVlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/LuikVlag.svg/40px-LuikVlag.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Republic of Liège">R. Liège</a><br /><small>(1789–'91)</small> </td> <td style="background:#dac1dd; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em">  </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#efcccb; border:none; padding:0.25em 0.25em"> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em">  </td> <td style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Batavian_Republic" title="Batavian Republic">Batavian Republic</a> <small>(1795–1806)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland" title="Kingdom of Holland">Kingdom of Holland</a> <small>(1806–1810)</small> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width:1px 1px 0 0"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br />associated with <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">French First Republic</a> <small>(1795–1804)</small><br />part of <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a> <small>(1804–1815)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#c1cbf2; border-width: 0 0 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em">  </td> <td colspan="5" style="background:#c1cbf2; border-width: 0 1px 0 0; padding:0.25em 0.25em">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Principality_of_the_United_Netherlands" title="Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands">Princip. of the Netherlands</a> <small>(1813–1815)</small> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background:#c1cbf2; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0; padding:0.25em 0.25em">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="background:#f7d2a8; border-width: 0px 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> <small>(1815–1830)</small> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #f7d2a8; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/History_of_Luxembourg#Developing_independence_(1815–1890)" title="History of Luxembourg">Gr D. L.</a><br /><small>(1815–)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> <small>(1839–)</small> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background:#dac1dd; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Kingdom of Belgium</a> <small>(1830–)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 1px 1px"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background:#dac1dd; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 1px 1px"> </td> <td style="background:#caf5f7; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Gr D. of<br />Luxem-<br />bourg</a><br /><small>(1890–)</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Burgundian_Netherlands_1477-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Map_Burgundian_Netherlands_1477-en.png/220px-Map_Burgundian_Netherlands_1477-en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Map_Burgundian_Netherlands_1477-en.png/330px-Map_Burgundian_Netherlands_1477-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Map_Burgundian_Netherlands_1477-en.png/440px-Map_Burgundian_Netherlands_1477-en.png 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="1249" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Low Countries in 1477</figcaption></figure> <p>The Seventeen Provinces originated from the <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Netherlands" title="Burgundian Netherlands">Burgundian Netherlands</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Duke of Burgundy">dukes of Burgundy</a> systematically became the lords of different provinces. <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Burgundy" title="Mary of Burgundy">Mary I of Valois, Duchess of Burgundy</a> was the last of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Burgundy" title="House of Burgundy">House of Burgundy</a>. </p><p>Mary married Archduke <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian</a> in 1477, and the provinces were acquired by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> on her death in 1482, with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Duchy of Burgundy</a> itself, which, with an appeal to <a href="/wiki/Salic_law" title="Salic law">Salic law</a>, had been reabsorbed into <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> upon the death of Mary's father, <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bold" title="Charles the Bold">Charles the Bold</a>. Maximilian and Mary's grandson, <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor</a> and king of Spain, eventually united all 17 provinces under his rule, the last one being the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Guelders" title="Duchy of Guelders">Duchy of Guelders</a>, in 1543. </p><p>Most of these provinces were fiefs of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. Two provinces, the County of Flanders and the County of Artois, were originally French fiefs, but sovereignty was ceded to the Empire in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cambrai" title="Treaty of Cambrai">Treaty of Cambrai</a> in 1529. </p><p>On 15 October, 1506, in the palace of Mechelen, the future Charles V was recognized as <i>Heer der Nederlanden</i> ("Lord of the Netherlands"). Only he and his son ever used this title. The <a href="/wiki/Pragmatic_Sanction_of_1549" title="Pragmatic Sanction of 1549">Pragmatic Sanction of 1549</a> determined that the Provinces should remain united in the future and inherited by the same monarch. </p><p>After Charles V's abdication in 1555, his realms were divided between his son, <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>, and his brother, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor</a>. The Seventeen Provinces went to his son, the king of Spain. </p><p>Conflicts between Philip II and his Dutch subjects led to the <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a>, which started in 1568. The seven northern provinces gained their independence as a republic called the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Seven United Provinces</a>. They were: </p> <ul><li>the Lordship of Groningen and of the Ommelanden</li> <li>the Lordship of Friesland</li> <li>the Lordship of Overijssel</li> <li>the Duchy of Guelders (except its <a href="/wiki/Upper_Guelders" title="Upper Guelders">upper quarter</a>) and the County of Zutphen</li> <li>the Prince-Bishopric, later Lordship of Utrecht</li> <li>the County of Holland</li> <li>the County of Zeeland</li></ul> <p>The southern provinces, Flanders, Brabant, Namur, Hainaut, Luxembourg and the others, were restored to Spanish rule due to the military and political talent of the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma">Duke of Parma</a>, especially at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antwerp_(1584%E2%80%931585)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Antwerp (1584–1585)">Siege of Antwerp (1584–1585)</a>. Hence, these provinces became known as the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a>. </p><p>The County of Drenthe, surrounded by the other northern provinces, became <i>de facto</i> part of the Seven United Provinces, but had no voting rights in the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Utrecht" title="Union of Utrecht">Union of Utrecht</a> and was therefore not considered a province. </p><p>The northern Seven United Provinces kept parts of Limburg, Brabant, and Flanders during the <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Generality_Lands" title="Generality Lands">Generality Lands</a>), which ended with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Westphalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Westphalia">Treaty of Westphalia</a> in 1648. </p><p>Artois and parts of Flanders and Hainaut (<a href="/wiki/French_Flanders" title="French Flanders">French Flanders</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Hainaut" title="French Hainaut">French Hainaut</a>) were ceded to France in the course of the 17th and 18th centuries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventeen_Provinces&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the mid-16th century, the <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Antwerp" title="Margraviate of Antwerp">Margraviate of Antwerp</a> (Duchy of Brabant) had become the economic, political, and cultural centre of the Netherlands after its capital had shifted from the nearby Lordship of Mechelen to the city of <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a> (County of Flanders) had already lost its prominent position as the economic powerhouse of northern Europe, while Holland was gradually gaining importance in the 15th and 16th centuries. </p><p>However, after the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch revolt">revolt</a> of the seven <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">northern provinces</a> (1568), the <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Antwerp" title="Sack of Antwerp">Sack of Antwerp</a> (1576), the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Antwerp" title="Fall of Antwerp">Fall of Antwerp</a> (1584–1585), and the resulting closure of the <a href="/wiki/Scheldt" title="Scheldt">Scheldt</a> river to navigation, a large number of people from the southern provinces emigrated north to the new republic. The centre of prosperity moved from cities in the south such as Bruges, <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>, and Brussels to cities in the north, mostly in Holland, including <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventeen_Provinces&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_(terminology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands (terminology)">Netherlands (terminology)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sitting_Leo_Belgicus_-_Visscher.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Sitting_Leo_Belgicus_-_Visscher.jpg/330px-Sitting_Leo_Belgicus_-_Visscher.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Sitting_Leo_Belgicus_-_Visscher.jpg/500px-Sitting_Leo_Belgicus_-_Visscher.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Sitting_Leo_Belgicus_-_Visscher.jpg/960px-Sitting_Leo_Belgicus_-_Visscher.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2886" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leo_Belgicus" title="Leo Belgicus">Leo Belgicus</a> map</figcaption></figure> <p>To distinguish between the older and larger Low Countries of the Netherlands from the current country of the Netherlands, Dutch speakers usually drop the plural for the latter. They speak of <i>Nederland</i> in the singular for the current country and of <i>de Nederlanden</i> in the plural for the integral domains of Charles V. </p><p>In other languages, this has not been adopted, though the larger area is sometimes known as the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> in English. </p><p>The fact that the term <i>Netherlands</i> has such different historical meanings can sometimes lead to difficulties in expressing oneself correctly. For example, <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composers</a> from the 16th century are often said to belong to the <i><a href="/wiki/Franco-Flemish_School" title="Franco-Flemish School">Dutch School</a></i> (<i>Nederlandse School</i>). Although they themselves would not have objected to that term at that time, nowadays it may wrongly create the impression that they were from the current Netherlands. In fact, they were almost exclusively from current Belgium. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flanders">Flanders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventeen_Provinces&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Flanders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The same confusion exists around the word <i>Flanders</i>. Historically, it applied to the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County of Flanders</a>, corresponding roughly with the present-day provinces of <a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Flanders" title="East Flanders">East Flanders</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Flanders" title="French Flanders">French Flanders</a>. However, when the Dutch-speaking population of Belgium sought more rights in the 19th century, the word <i>Flanders</i> was reused, this time to refer to the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, which is larger and contains only part of the old county of Flanders (see <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish Movement</a>). Therefore, the territory of the County of Flanders and that of present-day Flanders do not fully match: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Flanders" title="French Flanders">French Flanders</a> belonged to the County of Flanders, but is today part of France.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeelandic_Flanders" title="Zeelandic Flanders">Zeelandic Flanders</a> belonged to the County of Flanders, but is today part of the Netherlands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tournai_and_the_Tournaisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tournai and the Tournaisis">Tournai and the Tournaisis</a> was some period considered as part of the County of Flanders, but is today part of Wallonia.</li> <li>The present-day Belgian province of <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Brabant" title="Flemish Brabant">Flemish Brabant</a> belongs to present-day Flanders, but was part of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Duchy of Brabant</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Antwerp_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antwerp (province)">present-day Belgian province of Antwerp</a> belongs to present-day Flanders, but was part of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Duchy of Brabant</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Belgium)" title="Limburg (Belgium)">present-day Belgian province of Limburg</a> belongs to present-day Flanders, but was part of the <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Prince-Bishopric of Liège">Prince-Bishopric of Liège</a>.</li></ul> <p>This explains, for instance, why the province of <a href="/wiki/East_Flanders" title="East Flanders">East Flanders</a> is not situated in the east of present-day Flanders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventeen_Provinces&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_the_Habsburg_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands">Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Netherlands_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="The Netherlands (disambiguation)">The Netherlands (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Netherlands" title="Burgundian Netherlands">Burgundian Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Netherlands" title="Pan-Netherlands">Pan-Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Flemish" title="French Flemish">French Flemish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventeen_Provinces&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFArnold_Hermann_Ludwig_Heeren1834" class="citation book cs1">Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren (1834). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9F4MAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA65"><i>A Manual of the History of the Political System of Europe and Its Colonies</i></a>. p. 65.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Manual+of+the+History+of+the+Political+System+of+Europe+and+Its+Colonies&rft.pages=65&rft.date=1834&rft.au=Arnold+Hermann+Ludwig+Heeren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9F4MAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeventeen+Provinces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405033737/http://www.engelfriet.net/Alie/Aad/17provincieslijst.jpg">"De namen van de Zeventien Provinciën (image)"</a>. <i>Engelfriet</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Engelfriet&rft.atitle=De+namen+van+de+Zeventien+Provinci%C3%ABn+%28image%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.engelfriet.net%2FAlie%2FAad%2F17provincieslijst.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeventeen+Provinces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529113519/http://www.engelfriet.net/Alie/Aad/raad.htm">"Ruzie met de Raad van State leidde tot de 80-jarige oorlog"</a>. 13 January 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engelfriet.net/Alie/Aad/raad.htm">the original</a> on 29 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ruzie+met+de+Raad+van+State+leidde+tot+de+80-jarige+oorlog&rft.date=2005-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.engelfriet.net%2FAlie%2FAad%2Fraad.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeventeen+Provinces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wzp-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wzp_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230712141509/https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/RP-P-1982-1234%28R%29">"Wapens van de Zeventien Provinciën, Abraham de Bruyn (mogelijk), naar Chrispijn van den Broeck, 1582"</a>. <i>Rijksmuseum</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rijksmuseum&rft.atitle=Wapens+van+de+Zeventien+Provinci%C3%ABn%2C+Abraham+de+Bruyn+%28mogelijk%29%2C+naar+Chrispijn+van+den+Broeck%2C+1582&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rijksmuseum.nl%2Fnl%2Fcollectie%2FRP-P-1982-1234%28R%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeventeen+Provinces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohan_Rudolf_Thorbecke,_Robert_Jacobus_Fruin_en_Herman_Theodoor_Colenbrander1922" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Johan_Rudolf_Thorbecke" class="mw-redirect" title="Johan Rudolf Thorbecke">Johan Rudolf Thorbecke</a>, Robert Jacobus Fruin en <a href="/wiki/Herman_Theodoor_Colenbrander" title="Herman Theodoor Colenbrander">Herman Theodoor Colenbrander</a> (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191219092949/https://dutchrevolt.leiden.edu/dutch/begrippen/staatsinstellingen/Pages/Karel%2520102%2520verhouding.aspx">"2. Verhouding tot het Rijk van de Zeventien Provinciën"</a>. <i>Geschiedenis der staatsinstellingen in Nederland tot de dood van Willem II</i>. Universiteit Leiden. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dutchrevolt.leiden.edu/dutch/begrippen/staatsinstellingen/Pages/Karel%20102%20verhouding.aspx">the original</a> on 19 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geschiedenis+der+staatsinstellingen+in+Nederland+tot+de+dood+van+Willem+II&rft.atitle=2.+Verhouding+tot+het+Rijk+van+de+Zeventien+Provinci%C3%ABn&rft.date=1922&rft.au=Johan+Rudolf+Thorbecke%2C+Robert+Jacobus+Fruin+en+Herman+Theodoor+Colenbrander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdutchrevolt.leiden.edu%2Fdutch%2Fbegrippen%2Fstaatsinstellingen%2FPages%2FKarel%2520102%2520verhouding.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeventeen+Provinces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080407013139/http://www.duiten.nl/overijssel.htm">"De munt van Overijssel"</a>. <i>De Kopergeld pagina</i>. 27 October 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duiten.nl/overijssel.htm">the original</a> on 7 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=De+Kopergeld+pagina&rft.atitle=De+munt+van+Overijssel&rft.date=2004-10-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.duiten.nl%2Foverijssel.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeventeen+Provinces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080310150309/http://www.duiten.nl/groningen.htm">"De munt van Groningen"</a>. <i>De Kopergeld pagina</i>. 19 October 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duiten.nl/groningen.htm">the original</a> on 10 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=De+Kopergeld+pagina&rft.atitle=De+munt+van+Groningen&rft.date=2004-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.duiten.nl%2Fgroningen.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeventeen+Provinces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lafuente-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lafuente_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lafuente_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFModesto_Lafuente1862" class="citation book cs1">Modesto Lafuente (1862). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sMACAAAAYAAJ&dq=malinas+farnesio&pg=RA2-PA401"><i>Historia general de España, Volume 7</i></a>. p. 401<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+invention+of+the+Dutchman&rft.pub=Leiden+University&rft.date=2007-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leidenuniv.nl%2Fen%2Fresearcharchive%2Findex.php3-c%3D297.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeventeen+Provinces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventeen_Provinces&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Burgundian_Circle_(1512–1797)_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire1298" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Burgundian_Circle" title="Template:Burgundian Circle"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Burgundian_Circle" title="Template talk:Burgundian Circle"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Burgundian_Circle" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Burgundian Circle"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Burgundian_Circle_(1512–1797)_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire1298" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/40px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/60px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Circle" title="Burgundian Circle">Burgundian Circle</a> (1512–1797) of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seventeen Provinces</a> of<br /><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Abjuration" title="Act of Abjuration">Seceded 1581</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Drenthe" title="County of Drenthe">Drenthe</a> <small>(since 1548)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Frisia" title="Lordship of Frisia">Friesland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Groningen" title="Lordship of Groningen">Groningen</a> <small>(since 1548)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Guelders" title="Duchy of Guelders">Guelders</a> (<a href="/wiki/Veluwe_Quarter" title="Veluwe Quarter">Veluwe Quarter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nijmegen_Quarter" title="Nijmegen Quarter">Nijmegen Quarter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zutphen_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Zutphen County">Zutphen</a>) <small>(since 1548)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Holland" title="County of Holland">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Overijssel" title="Lordship of Overijssel">Overijssel</a> <small>(since 1548)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Utrecht" title="Lordship of Utrecht">Utrecht</a> <small>(since 1548)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Zeeland" title="County of Zeeland">Zeeland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Netherlands" title="Austrian Netherlands">Remained</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Antwerp" title="Margraviate of Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Artois" title="County of Artois">Artois</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelders" class="mw-redirect" title="Guelders">Guelders</a> (<a href="/wiki/Upper_Guelders" title="Upper Guelders">Upper Quarter</a>) <small>(since 1548)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Hainaut" title="County of Hainaut">Hainaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Limburg" title="Duchy of Limburg">Limburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Luxemburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> <small>(since 1548)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Mechelen" title="Lordship of Mechelen">Mechelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Namur" title="County of Namur">Namur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left:0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Burgundian_Circle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating the Burgundian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Map indicating the Burgundian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Locator_Burgundian_Circle.svg/120px-Locator_Burgundian_Circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Locator_Burgundian_Circle.svg/180px-Locator_Burgundian_Circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Locator_Burgundian_Circle.svg/240px-Locator_Burgundian_Circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1140" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/County" title="County">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Burgundy" title="County of Burgundy">Burgundy</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Besan%C3%A7on" title="Free Imperial City of Besançon">Besançon</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependent territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breda" title="Breda">Breda</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.3em 0 0.2em;"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">until 1648</a>;<span class="nowrap">   </span> <sup><small>2</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Pyrenees" title="Treaty of the Pyrenees">until 1659</a>;<span class="nowrap">   </span><sup><small>3</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Nijmegen" title="Treaties of Nijmegen">until 1678</a>. Circles est. 1500: <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Circle" title="Bavarian Circle">Bavarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Circle_of_Swabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Circle of Swabia">Swabian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Upper Rhenish Circle">Upper Rhenish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhenish%E2%80%93Westphalian_Circle" title="Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle">Lower Rhenish–Westphalian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franconian_Circle" title="Franconian Circle">Franconian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxon_Circle" title="Lower Saxon Circle">(Lower) Saxon</a><br />Circles est. 1512: <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Circle" title="Austrian Circle">Austrian</a>, <b>Burgundian</b>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Saxon_Circle" title="Upper Saxon Circle">Upper Saxon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Rhenish_Circle" title="Electoral Rhenish Circle">Electoral Rhenish</a> <span class="nowrap">   </span> · <span class="nowrap">   </span> <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_outside_the_Imperial_Circles" title="Territories of the Holy Roman Empire outside the Imperial Circles">Unencircled territories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Belgium_articles574" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Belgium_topics" title="Template:Belgium topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Belgium_topics" title="Template talk:Belgium topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Belgium_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Belgium topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Belgium_articles574" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Belgium-related_articles" title="Index of Belgium-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Belgium" title="History of Belgium">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Prince-Bishopric of Liège">Prince-Bishopric of Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Netherlands" title="Burgundian Netherlands">Burgundian Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Netherlands" title="Southern Netherlands">Southern Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Netherlands" title="Austrian Netherlands">Austrian Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabant_Revolution" title="Brabant Revolution">Brabant Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_the_long_nineteenth_century" title="Belgium in the long nineteenth century">Long nineteenth century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Revolution" title="Belgian Revolution">Belgian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_and_the_Franco-Prussian_War" title="Belgium and the Franco-Prussian War">Crisis of 1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_overseas_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian overseas colonies">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_I" title="Belgium in World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War I">occupation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War II">occupation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Royal_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Royal Question">Royal Question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_reform_in_Belgium" title="State reform in Belgium">State reform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Belgium" title="Geography of Belgium">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Belgium">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Belgium">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Belgium" title="List of lakes of Belgium">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_and_hills_in_Belgium" title="List of mountains and hills in Belgium">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Belgium" title="List of rivers of Belgium">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Subdivisions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Belgium" title="Politics of Belgium">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Belgium" title="Constitution of Belgium">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Belgium" title="Elections in Belgium">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Belgium)" title="Council of Ministers (Belgium)">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Belgium" title="Foreign relations of Belgium">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Belgium" title="Human rights in Belgium">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Belgium">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Belgium" title="Law of Belgium">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Belgium" title="Law enforcement in Belgium">enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Belgium" title="Judiciary of Belgium">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Armed_Forces" title="Belgian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties in Belgium">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Belgium" title="Economy of Belgium">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_Belgian_financial_crisis" title="2008–2009 Belgian financial crisis">2008–2009 financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Belgium" title="Banking in Belgium">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Belgium" title="National Bank of Belgium">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Belgium" title="Telecommunications in Belgium">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Belgium" title="Energy in Belgium">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Belgium" title="Tourism in Belgium">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Belgium" title="List of trade unions in Belgium">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Belgium" title="Transport in Belgium">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Belgium" title="Rail transport in Belgium">Rail</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Belgium" title="Science and technology in Belgium">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Belgium" title="Category:Society of Belgium">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Belgium" title="Abortion in Belgium">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Belgium" title="Crime in Belgium">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Belgium" title="Demographics of Belgium">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Belgium" title="Education in Belgium">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Belgium" title="Healthcare in Belgium">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Belgium" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Belgium">Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Belgium" title="Irreligion in Belgium">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Belgium" title="Languages of Belgium">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Belgian_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Belgian provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Belgium">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgians" title="Belgians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Belgium" title="Prostitution in Belgium">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belgium" title="Religion in Belgium">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Belgium" title="Culture of Belgium">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Belgium#Architecture" title="Culture of Belgium">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Belgium" title="Art of Belgium">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belgium" title="Cinema of Belgium">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_comics" title="Belgian comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_cuisine" title="Belgian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Belgium" title="Beer in Belgium">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_wine" title="Belgian wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_waffle" title="Belgian waffle">waffle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Belgium" title="Flag of Belgium">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_literature" title="Belgian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belgium" title="Music of Belgium">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Belgium" title="Public holidays in Belgium">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Belgium" title="Sport in Belgium">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Belgium" title="Television in Belgium">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Belgium" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Belgium">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Belgium" title="Outline of Belgium">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Belgium-related_articles" title="Index of Belgium-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Belgium" title="Category:Belgium">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Belgium" title="Portal:Belgium">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Netherlands_articles505" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Netherlands_topics" title="Template:Netherlands topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Netherlands_topics" title="Template talk:Netherlands topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Netherlands_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Netherlands topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Netherlands_articles505" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Netherlands" title="History of the Netherlands">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Romans in the Netherlands">Roman Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisii" title="Frisii">Frisii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chamavi" title="Chamavi">Chamavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Batavi (Germanic tribe)">Batavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cananefates" title="Cananefates">Cananefates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Migration Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frisians" title="Frisians">Frisians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salian_Franks" title="Salian Franks">Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorestad" title="Dorestad">Dorestad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Utrecht" title="Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht">Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_urban_centers_in_the_Low_Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="History of urban centers in the Low Countries">Development urban centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisian_Kingdom" title="Frisian Kingdom">Frisian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Francia" title="Middle Francia">Middle Francia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Lorraine">Lower Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Holland" title="County of Holland">Holland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frisian_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Frisian Freedom">Frisian Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Brabant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guelders" class="mw-redirect" title="Guelders">Guelders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Netherlands" title="Burgundian Netherlands">Burgundian Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_in_the_Low_Countries" title="Renaissance in the Low Countries">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seventeen Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age" title="Dutch Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batavian_Revolution" title="Batavian Revolution">Batavian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batavian_Republic" title="Batavian Republic">Batavian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland" title="Kingdom of Holland">Kingdom of Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporation_(Netherlands)" title="Incorporation (Netherlands)">Incorporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Principality_of_the_United_Netherlands" title="Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II" title="Netherlands in World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">Nazi invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Netherlands)" title="Liberation Day (Netherlands)">Dutch Liberation Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">Proclamation of Indonesian Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_for_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands">Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Netherlands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands">Same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_debt_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European debt crisis">European debt crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Netherlands" title="Geography of the Netherlands">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of birds of the Netherlands">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Netherlands_by_province" title="List of cities in the Netherlands by province">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Works" title="Delta Works">Delta Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of earthquakes in the Netherlands">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of extreme points of the Netherlands">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_control_in_the_Netherlands" title="Flood control in the Netherlands">Flood control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groningen_gas_field" title="Groningen gas field">Gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of islands of the Netherlands">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of lakes of the Netherlands">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of mammals of the Netherlands">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_and_hills_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of mountains and hills in the Netherlands">Mountains and hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of regions of the Netherlands">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of rivers of the Netherlands">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine%E2%80%93Meuse%E2%80%93Scheldt_delta" title="Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta">Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of volcanoes in the Netherlands">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Netherlands">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuiderzee_Works" title="Zuiderzee Works">Zuiderzee Works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Abortion in the Netherlands">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Netherlands" title="Climate change in the Netherlands">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Netherlands" title="Constitution of the Netherlands">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_Netherlands" title="Corruption in the Netherlands">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Demographics of the Netherlands">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Drug policy of the Netherlands">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Netherlands" title="Education in the Netherlands">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_the_Netherlands" title="Euthanasia in the Netherlands">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Netherlands" title="Healthcare in the Netherlands">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_Netherlands" title="Homelessness in the Netherlands">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Netherlands" title="Human rights in the Netherlands">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Netherlands">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration to the Netherlands">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Netherlands" title="Law of the Netherlands">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in the Netherlands">Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_firms_of_the_Netherlands" title="Law firms of the Netherlands">Law Firms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Netherlands" title="Municipalities of the Netherlands">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Netherlands" title="Provinces of the Netherlands">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Republicanism in the Netherlands">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of political parties in the Netherlands">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed forces of the Netherlands">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_board_(Netherlands)" title="Water board (Netherlands)">Water boards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Economy of the Netherlands">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEX_index" title="AEX index">AEX index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Nederlandsche_Bank" title="De Nederlandsche Bank">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Netherlands" title="Energy in the Netherlands">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronext" title="Euronext">Euronext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polder_model" title="Polder model">Polder model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Netherlands" title="Taxation in the Netherlands">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Netherlands" title="Telecommunications in the Netherlands">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Tourism in the Netherlands">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_Netherlands" title="Trade unions in the Netherlands">Trade unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Transport in the Netherlands">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_the_Netherlands" title="Cycling in the Netherlands">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Public transport in the Netherlands">Public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Rail transport in the Netherlands">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_transport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Road transport in the Netherlands">Road transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Netherlands" title="Culture of the Netherlands">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Netherlands" title="Architecture of the Netherlands">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_art" title="Dutch art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_Netherlands" title="Cannabis in the Netherlands">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cinema of the Netherlands">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cuisine" title="Dutch cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_wine" title="Dutch wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_customs_and_etiquette" title="Dutch customs and etiquette">Customs and etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decorations_and_medals_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Decorations and medals of the Netherlands">Decorations and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Irreligion in the Netherlands">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Netherlands" title="Languages of the Netherlands">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the Netherlands">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Netherlands" title="Music of the Netherlands">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_knighthood_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of knighthood in the Netherlands">Orders of knighthood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_the_Netherlands" title="Pornography in the Netherlands">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Netherlands" title="Prostitution in the Netherlands">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Netherlands" title="Public holidays in the Netherlands">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Religion in the Netherlands">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Sport in the Netherlands">Sport</a></li> <li><a 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