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class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba" class=""><span>Иғәнә</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1+%D0%95%D1%80" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ" class=""><span>Теркәлеү</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1+%D0%95%D1%80" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Танылыу</span></a> 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba"><span>Иғәнә</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1+%D0%95%D1%80" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Теркәлеү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1+%D0%95%D1%80" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Танылыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Танылмаған мөхәррирҙәр өсөн бит <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" aria-label="Мөхәррирләү тураһында ентеклерәк"><span>Күберәк белергә</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%A8%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Был IP-адрестан яһалған төҙәтеүҙәр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Өлөш</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%98%D2%A3%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IP-адресығыҙ өсөн фекер алышыу бите [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eйәшерергә\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"ba\" 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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Тарихы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тарихы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Тарихы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тарихы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Урынлашыуы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Урынлашыуы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Урынлашыуы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Урынлашыуы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Рельефы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Рельефы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Рельефы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Рельефы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Климат" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Климат"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Климат</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Климат-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Үҫемлектәр_һәм_хайуандар_донъяһы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Үҫемлектәр_һәм_хайуандар_донъяһы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Үҫемлектәр һәм хайуандар донъяһы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Үҫемлектәр_һәм_хайуандар_донъяһы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Әҙәбиәт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Әҙәбиәт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Әҙәбиәт</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Әҙәбиәт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Иң_ҙур_утрау" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Иң_ҙур_утрау"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Иң ҙур утрау</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Иң_ҙур_утрау-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Әҙәбиәт_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Әҙәбиәт_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Әҙәбиәт</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Әҙәбиәт_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Иҫкәрмәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Иҫкәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Һылтанмалар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Һылтанмалар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Һылтанмалар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Һылтанмалар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Төньяҡ Ер</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Икенсе телдәге мәҡәләгә күсегеҙ. 66 телдә уҡырға була" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewernaja_Zemlja" title="Sewernaja Zemlja — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sewernaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سيفيرينيا زيمليا — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيفيرينيا زيمليا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra_del_Norte" title="Tierra del Norte — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tierra del Norte" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eimal_Torpa%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Şimal Torpağı — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şimal Torpağı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Паўночная Зямля — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўночная Зямля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Северна земя — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Северна земя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_del_Nord" title="Terra del Nord — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Terra del Nord" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaya_Zemlya" title="Severnaya Zemlya — себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Severnaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_zem%C4%9B" title="Severní země — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Severní země" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaya_Zemlya" title="Severnaya Zemlya — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Severnaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaja_Zemlja" title="Severnaja Zemlja — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Severnaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewernaja_Semlja" title="Sewernaja Semlja — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sewernaja Semlja" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AD%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%96%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC" title="Σέβερναγια Ζεμλιά — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σέβερναγια Ζεμλιά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaya_Zemlya" title="Severnaya Zemlya — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Severnaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norda_Lando" title="Norda Lando — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Norda Lando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra_del_Norte" title="Tierra del Norte — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tierra del Norte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaja_Zemlja" title="Severnaja Zemlja — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Severnaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iparraldeko_Zembla" title="Iparraldeko Zembla — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Iparraldeko Zembla" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سورنایا زملیا — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سورنایا زملیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaja_Zemlja" title="Severnaja Zemlja — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Severnaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terre_du_Nord" title="Terre du Nord — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Terre du Nord" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewernaja_Semlja" title="Sewernaja Semlja — северный фризский" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sewernaja Semlja" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северный фризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noardl%C3%A2n_(arsjipel)" title="Noardlân (arsjipel) — западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Noardlân (arsjipel)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaya_Zemlya" title="Severnaya Zemlya — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Severnaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_do_Norte" title="Terra do Norte — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Terra do Norte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="סברנאיה זמליה — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סברנאיה זמליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सेवेर्नाया ज़ेमल्या — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सेवेर्नाया ज़ेमल्या" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaja_zemlja" title="Severnaja zemlja — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Severnaja zemlja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szevernaja_Zemlja" title="Szevernaja Zemlja — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szevernaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Հյուսիսային երկիր — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հյուսիսային երկիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaya_Zemlya" title="Severnaya Zemlya — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Severnaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaja_Zemlja" title="Severnaja Zemlja — итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Severnaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A3%E8%AB%B8%E5%B3%B6" title="セヴェルナヤ・ゼムリャ諸島 — японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セヴェルナヤ・ゼムリャ諸島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90" title="ჩრდილოეთის მიწა — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩრდილოეთის მიწა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Солтүстік Жер — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Солтүстік Жер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%82%98%EC%95%BC%EC%A0%9C%EB%AF%88%EB%9E%B4_%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84" title="세베르나야제믈랴 제도 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세베르나야제믈랴 제도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Түндүк жер аралдары — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түндүк жер аралдары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_Borealis" title="Terra Borealis — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Terra Borealis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iaur%C4%97s_%C5%BDem%C4%97" title="Šiaurės Žemė — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šiaurės Žemė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaja_Zem%C4%BCa" title="Severnaja Zemļa — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Severnaja Zemļa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="സെവർനയ സെംല്യ — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സെവർനയ സെംല്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хойд Газар — монгольский" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хойд Газар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгольский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noordland_(archipel)" title="Noordland (archipel) — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Noordland (archipel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaja_Zemlja" title="Severnaja Zemlja — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Severnaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaja_Semlja_(%C3%B8ygruppe)" title="Severnaja Semlja (øygruppe) — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Severnaja Semlja (øygruppe)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%C3%A6%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%97%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%85" title="Цæгат Зæхх — осетинский" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цæгат Зæхх" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziemia_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocna" title="Ziemia Północna — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ziemia Północna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaia_Zemlia" title="Severnaia Zemlia — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Severnaia Zemlia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaia_Zemlea" title="Severnaia Zemlea — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Severnaia Zemlea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Северная Земля — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Северная Земля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severna_zemlja" title="Severna zemlja — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Severna zemlja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaya_Zemlya" title="Severnaya Zemlya — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Severnaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severna_de%C5%BEela" title="Severna dežela — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Severna dežela" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Северна земља — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Северна земља" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaja_Zemlja" title="Severnaja Zemlja — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Severnaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaya_Zemlya" title="Severnaya Zemlya — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Severnaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="செவர்னயா செம்ல்யா — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செவர்னயா செம்ல்யா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="เซเวียร์นายาเซมเลีย — тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซเวียร์นายาเซมเลีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaya_Zemlya" title="Severnaya Zemlya — турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Severnaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D2%96%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Төньяк Җир — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төньяк Җир" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Північна Земля — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Північна Земля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaya_Zemlya" title="Severnaya Zemlya — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Severnaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnaya_Zemlya" title="Severnaya Zemlya — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Severnaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="北地群岛 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="北地群岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="北地群岛 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="北地群岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Баҫтырыу/сығарыу </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:Collection&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1+%D0%95%D1%80"><span>Китап төҙөү</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF форматында йөкләү</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&printable=yes" title="Биттең ҡағыҙға баҫтырыу өсөн өлгөһө [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Баҫтырыу өлгөһө</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Башҡа проекттарҙа </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Severnaya_Zemlya" hreflang="en"><span>Викимилек</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192281" title="Мәғлүмәт һаҡлағысына бәйле элементҡа һылтанма [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викимәғлүмәт элементы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ҡоралдар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-0-coord" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="coordinates plainlinks nourlexpansion" data-param="79.75_N_98.25_E_globe:earth"><span title="Показать карту"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:Map/14/79.75/98.25/ru" data-zoom="14" data-lat="79.75" data-lon="98.25" data-lang="ru" data-overlays="["_1877c86511f61e9e6f75e35eec11003ae8b6171a"]">79°45′ с. ш. 98°15′ в. д.</a></span><sup class="geo-services noprint"><span class="geo-geohack" title="Карты и инструменты на GeoHack"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=ru&pagename=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&params=79.75_N_98.25_E_globe:earth"><span>H</span></a></span><span class="geo-google" title="Это место на «Картах Google»"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//maps.google.com/maps?ll=79.75,98.25&q=79.75,98.25&spn=0.03,0.03&t=h&hl=ru"><span>G</span></a></span><span class="geo-yandex" title="Это место на «Яндекс.Картах»"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//yandex.ru/maps/?ll=98.25,79.75&pt=98.25,79.75&spn=0.03,0.03&l=sat,skl"><span>Я</span></a></span><span class="geo-osm" title="Это место на карте OpenStreetMap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=79.75&mlon=98.25&zoom=14"><span>O</span></a></span></sup></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия — ирекле энциклопедия мәғлүмәте</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ba" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1278674">.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка{width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-above{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);font-weight:bold;font-size:120%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-original,.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-image{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-label{width:9em;background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);text-align:left;padding-left:.4em;padding-right:.4em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-split{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-below{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-error{background:var(--background-color-destructive-subtle,#ffe9e5);border:1px solid var(--border-color-error,#9f3526);text-align:center}</style> <table cellspacing="2" class="infobox ts-Универсальная_карточка"> <tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-above ts-Универсальная_карточка-above">Төньяҡ Ер</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ts-Универсальная_карточка-image"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q192281$9BB94EFA-F185-475F-9F89-12F530BDF64C" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P18"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Schmidt-Insel_2_2014-09-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Рәсем" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Schmidt-Insel_2_2014-09-01.jpg/274px-Schmidt-Insel_2_2014-09-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="274" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Schmidt-Insel_2_2014-09-01.jpg/411px-Schmidt-Insel_2_2014-09-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Schmidt-Insel_2_2014-09-01.jpg/548px-Schmidt-Insel_2_2014-09-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2125" data-file-height="1417" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Кем хөрмәтенә аталған</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q192281$55bae6f6-46bb-b78f-3de7-0b206053f6a8" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P138"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_II" title="Николай II">Николай II</a></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Дәүләт</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q192281$90c751cf-4d6c-9665-0edb-6a7ae92ae0d2" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P17"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span class="country-name"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы">Рәсәй</a></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Административ-территориаль берәмек</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q192281$4778A842-4075-4BAF-9B74-EFE02066A880" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P131"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B" title="Красноярск крайы">Красноярск крайы</a></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Сәғәт бүлкәте</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q192281$4CDC389F-4CFE-418C-BDA4-45BB07B2C673" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P421"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UTC%2B4%3A00&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q6779&preloadparams%5B%5D=UTC%2B4%3A00&preloadparams%5B%5D=Универсальная+карточка"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">UTC+4:00</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6779" class="extiw" title="d:Q6779">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Һыу ятҡылығы буйында урынлашҡан</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q192281$32E75DA4-9105-4384-B7BB-93E13DC02CFB" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P206"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%91%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Төньяҡ Боҙло океан">Төньяҡ Боҙло океан</a></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Халыҡ һаны</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q192281$acd6ed74-4fb8-f443-ec1f-867def4218b4" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1082"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">0 кеше</span> (<span data-wikidata-hash="049bd876bdfea826eaceb6f6056701b74c6d3f08" class="wikidata-snak"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/2014_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2014 йыл">2014</a></span></span>)</span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Диңгеҙ кимәленән бейеклек</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q192281$2c5b4d4f-4630-bcdf-9244-6d98d890c881" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2044"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">965 метр</span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Асыу датаһы</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q192281$859fb2c6-46f5-828b-e072-bf0dc47e41da" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P575"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/1913_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1913 йыл">1913</a></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Майҙан</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q192281$62d64023-4599-a8dd-e510-f5ca28382214" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2046"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">37 000 км²</span></span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ts-Универсальная_карточка-image"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q192281$AB091AF1-0F42-42AD-99C0-8FA2A4C641DA" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P242"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Kara_sea2SZ.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Урынлашыу картаһы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kara_sea2SZ.PNG/300px-Kara_sea2SZ.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kara_sea2SZ.PNG/450px-Kara_sea2SZ.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kara_sea2SZ.PNG/600px-Kara_sea2SZ.PNG 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="534" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-text"><div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 300px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 300px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-zoom="11" data-lat="79.75" data-lon="98.25" data-overlays="["_1877c86511f61e9e6f75e35eec11003ae8b6171a"]" href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:Map/11/79.75/98.25/ba"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,79.75,98.25,300x250.png?lang=ba&domain=ba.wikipedia.org&title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&revid=1275688&groups=_1877c86511f61e9e6f75e35eec11003ae8b6171a" width="300" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,79.75,98.25,300x250@2x.png?lang=ba&domain=ba.wikipedia.org&title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&revid=1275688&groups=_1877c86511f61e9e6f75e35eec11003ae8b6171a 2x" alt="Карта" /></a></div></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below ts-Универсальная_карточка-below"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q192281$EFDE0025-3674-477C-9D6B-227C58AA70E6" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P373"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Severnaya_Zemlya" title="commons:Category:Severnaya Zemlya"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Severnaya_Zemlya" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Severnaya Zemlya">Төньяҡ Ер Викимилектә</a></span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table><p><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q192281$FDFFC89B-2FDE-4324-87B5-CBBA235A6E3D" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P625"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"></span></span> </p><p><b>Төньяҡ Ер</b> (1926 йылға тиклемге атамаһы — <b>Император Николай II Ере</b>) — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%91%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Төньяҡ Боҙло океан">Төньяҡ Боҙло океандағы</a> архипелаг. Административ бүленеш буйынса <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B" title="Красноярск крайы">Красноярск крайының</a> Таймыр (Долган-Ненец) муниципаль районына инә. </p><p>Архипелаг майҙаны 37 мең км² тирәһе. Архипелагта кеше йәшәмәй. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тарихы"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85.D1.8B"></span>Тарихы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Тарихы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&action=edit&section=1" title="Тарихы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:1913-map-arctic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/1913-map-arctic.png/220px-1913-map-arctic.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/1913-map-arctic.png/330px-1913-map-arctic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/1913-map-arctic.png/440px-1913-map-arctic.png 2x" data-file-width="5361" data-file-height="4141" /></a><figcaption>Исследование островов Гидрографической экспедицией 1913 г.</figcaption></figure> <p>Архипелаг <a href="/wiki/1913_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1913 йыл">1913 йылдың</a> 4 сентябрендә Борис Вилькицкий етәкселегендәге гидрографик экспедиция (1910—1915) тарафынан асылған. Башта экспедиция ағзалары уға «Тайвай» (экспедиция боҙватҡыстары: «Таймыр» һәм "Вайгач"тың тәүге ижегенән алып) тигән атама бирә. </p><p>«Император Николай II Ере» тигән рәсми атама архипелагҡа 1914 йылдың 10 (23) ғинуарында бирелә (диңгеҙ министрының<sup id="cite_ref-pravo_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pravo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> № 14 номерлы фарманы). </p><p>Кем башлап бындай тәҡдим индергәне билдәһеҙ. Шулай ҙа Борис Вилькицкийҙың был фарман яҡлы (№ 14 номерлы фарман сыҡҡанға тиклем дә, унан һуң ике тиҫтә йыл үткәс тә<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-razdor_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-razdor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) булғаны билдәле. </p><p>Башта архипелаг бер утрау икән тип уйлайҙар. </p><p>Сергей Ушаковтың 1930 йылдарҙағы экспедицияһы архипелагта ентекле тикшереү үткәрә. </p><p>Экспедиция составына радист Василий Ходов һәм Яңы ер сәнәғәтсеһе Сергей Журавлёв инә. </p><p>Ғилми етәксе геолог Николай Урванцев була. Яҡынса 11 мең квадрат километр үтеп, 26.700 км² майҙанда инструменталь төшөрөү үткәреп, архипелагтың тәүге теүәл картаһын төҙөйҙәр. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1926_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1926 йыл">1926 йылдың</a> 11 ғинуарында Бөтә Рәсәй Үҙәк Башҡарма Комитеты Президиумы үҙенең 186-се ҡарары менән «Император Николай II Ере» тигән атаманы «<b>Төньяҡ Ер</b>» тигәнгә алмаштыра. Ә "Император Николай II Ере « „Кесе Таймыр“ (Цесаревич Алексей утрауы) һәм „Старокадомский“ утрауҙар төркөмөнә „Таймыр архипелагы“ тип исем бирә. </p><p>Һуңынан, <a href="/wiki/1931" class="mw-redirect" title="1931">1931</a>—<a href="/wiki/1933" class="mw-redirect" title="1933">1933</a> йылдарҙа, архипелаг составында тағын утрауҙар барлығын асыҡлай. Утрауҙар башлап асыусы совет тикшерененеүселәре Николай Урванцев һәм Ушаков Георгий тарафынан Пионер, Комсомолец, Большевик, Октябрь революцияһы, Шмидт тигән атама ала. Архипелагтың үҙен иң ҙур утрауы исеме менән нарыҡлайҙар. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Урынлашыуы"><span id=".D0.A3.D1.80.D1.8B.D0.BD.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.88.D1.8B.D1.83.D1.8B"></span>Урынлашыуы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Урынлашыуы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&action=edit&section=2" title="Урынлашыуы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Төньяҡ Ер Төньяҡ Боҙло океандың үҙәк өлөшөндә урынлашҡан. </p><p>Көнбайыштан архипелаг ярҙарын <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99%D0%B5" title="Кара диңгеҙе">Кара диңгеҙе</a> һыуҙары йыуа. Көнсығыштан <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99%D0%B5" title="Лаптевтар диңгеҙе">Лаптевтар диңгеҙе</a> сикләй. </p><p>Красноярск крайының континенталь өлөшөнән Төньяҡ Ер 130 километр оҙонлоғондағы Вилькицкий боғаҙы айырып тора. </p><p>Боғаҙҙың киңлеге иң тар ерендә (Челюскин мороно менән Большевик утрауы ярҙары янындағы Транзе утрауының көньяҡ осо араһы) — 56 км. </p><p>Материктан иң алыҫ нөктә — Шмидт утрауындағы Земляной мороно. Ул Таймыр ярымутрауынан 470 километр алыҫлыҡта ята. </p><p>Утрауҙарҙың иң төньяҡ нөктәһе — Комсомолец утрауындағы (төньяҡ киңлектең 81° 16' 22.92») Арктика мороны. Унан <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Төньяҡ полюс">Төньяҡ полюсҡа</a> тиклем 990,7 км. Шуға ла, был морон арктик экспедицийлар<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> өсөн старт урыны булып хеҙиәт итә. </p><p>Иң көньяҡ нөктә — Большевик утрауындағы (төньяҡ киңлектең 77° 55' 11.21") Неупокоев мороно. </p><p>Иң көнбайыш нөктә — Шмидт утрауындағы (көнсығыш оҙонлоҡтың 90° 4' 42.95") исемһеҙ мороно. </p><p>Иң көнсығыш нөктә — Кесе Таймыр утрауындағы (көнсығыш оҙонлоҡтың 107° 45' 55.67") База мороны районында. Төньяҡ һәм көньяҡ нөктәләре араһы — 380 километр. ә көнбайышынан көнсығыш нөктәһенә тиклем арауыҡ — 404 километр. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Рельефы"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.8C.D0.B5.D1.84.D1.8B"></span>Рельефы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Рельефы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&action=edit&section=3" title="Рельефы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Төньяҡ Ерҙең 47 проценты (17,5 мең км²) майҙаны боҙлоҡ менән ҡапланған. Яр һыҙатының 14 проценты тирәһе боҙлоҡтарға тура килә. Ул ярҙар бик текә һәм 30 метр<sup id="cite_ref-ка_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ка-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> бейеклеккә етә. </p><p>Архипелагта бөтәһе 20 ҙур боҙлоҡ бар. Утрауҙарҙағы максималь бейеклек: Октябрь Революцияһы утрауында — 965 , Большевик утрауында — 935, Комсомолец утрауында — 781, Пионер утрауында — 382, Шмидт утрауында 315 метр. </p><p>Заман ҡоролмалары ярҙамында асыҡланған был күрһәткестәр тәүге карталарҙа бирелгәненән ныҡ айырыла. </p><p>Иң күп боҙлоҡтар Октябрь Революцияһы утрауында (7). Унан һуң Большевик утрауында — 6, Комсомолец утрауында — 4, Пионер утрауында — 2, Шмидт утрауында берәү. Был утрауҙарҙағы боҙлоҡтар барыһы ла көмбәҙгә оҡшаған түбәле, бирләүҙәре һөҙәк. Текә урындары боҙлоҡтарҙың итәгендә генә осрай. </p><p>Боҙлоҡтар диңгеҙгә сыҡҡан ерҙәр йыш ҡына айсбергтар яһалыусы урын да булып торалар. Иң әүҙем айсберг яһала торған урын булып Комсомолец утрауындағы Фәндәр Академияһы боҙлоғоның көнсығыш (Кренкель бухтаһы) һәм көньяҡ яры тора. </p><p>Шулай уҡ Октябрь революцияһы утрауындағы Матусевич фьорд районының Русанов боҙлоғо ла айсбертарҙың күпләп яһала торған урыны. </p><p>Айсбергтар яһалып тороу арҡаһында яр һыҙаты йыл эсендә бер километр тирәһенә үҙгәреп тора. </p><p>Айсбергтарҙың оҙонлоғо, ғәҙәттә, ике километрҙан ашыу түгел. Шулай ҙа <a href="/wiki/1953_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1953 йыл">1953 йылда</a> теркәлгән бер айсбергтың оҙонлоғо 12 км булған, киңлеге 4 километрға еткән. </p><p>Утрауҙарҙың боҙ япмаған өлөштәрен күп һанлы таш һибелмәләре биләй. Большевик утрауында улар майҙандың өстән бер өлөшөнә етә яҙа<sup id="cite_ref-ка_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ка-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Төньяҡ Ерҙең яңы эшләнгән карталарында бығаса билдәле булмаған күл һәм йылғалар системаһы теркәлгән. </p><p>Архипелагтың туғыҙ йылғаһының оҙонлоғо 20 километрҙан ашыу. Шуларҙан Комсомолец утрауында: Озёрная — 64 һәм Ушакова — 58 километр оҙонлоҡта. Большевик утрауында 50 километр самаһы оҙонлоҡтағы Тора һәм 45 километр оҙонлоҡтағы Скалистая йылғалары аға . Төньяҡ Ерҙең йылғалары шаршылы һәм ярһыу. Миҙгелгә һәм һауа торошо үҙгәреүенә ҡарап, киңлектәре һәм тәрәнлектәре төрлөсә була. Йәй уртаһында, көслө итеп ҡар иреү башланыу менән улар ифрат тулы һыулы булып китәләр. Башҡа ваҡытта улар 1 м тәрәнлектән уҙмай. Йылғалар сентябрҙән июлгәсә тиклем боҙ менән ҡапланған була. </p><p>Күлдәр үтә ҙурҙан түгел. Күбеһенең майҙаны 3 км² артмай тиерлек. Иң ҙур күл — Спартаковский. Большевиктар утрауында урынлашҡан. Майҙаны яҡынса — 60 км². </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Климат"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82"></span>Климат</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Климат бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&action=edit&section=4" title="Климат бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Утрауҙарҙа арктик диңгеҙ климаты Уртаса йыллыҡ температура −14 °C<sup id="cite_ref-фор_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-фор-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Минималь температура ҡышын −47 °C. Йыш ҡына көслө дауыллы елдәр 40 м/сек<sup id="cite_ref-амир_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-амир-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>-ҡа етә. </p><p>Йәйен иң юғары температура +6,2 °C-ҡа тиклем күтәрелә. Ғинуарҙа уртаса температура −28-тан −30 °С-ҡа тиклем, июлдә 0-дән 2 °C араһында тирбәлә<sup id="cite_ref-гео_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-гео-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Йыллыҡ яуым-төшөм 200 мм -ҙан 500-гә тиклем. Башлыса йәйгә тура килә. Августа улар максимумға етә. Өҫтәүенә, яуым-төшөмдөң күп өлөшө Төньяҡ Ерҙең төньяҡ-көнбайыш өлөшөнә тура килә. 15 см тәрәнлектә мәңгелек боҙлоҡ ята. </p><p>Оҙайлы поляр төндәре осоронда көслө йылылыҡ нурланышы һөҙөмтәһендә юғалтыуҙар бик ҙур. Шуға күрә был ваҡытта ер өҫтөндә температура (октябрҙән мартҡа тиклем аралыҡта) бик түбән; мәҫәлән, ғинуарҙа — мартта уртаса температура −31,2 °C -тан −31,8 °C тирәһендә тирбәлә. Арктик һауа утрауҙар тапҡырында көслөрәк һыуына. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Үҫемлектәр_һәм_хайуандар_донъяһы"><span id=".D2.AE.D2.AB.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D3.99.D1.80_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.B9.D1.83.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80_.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.8A.D1.8F.D2.BB.D1.8B"></span>Үҫемлектәр һәм хайуандар донъяһы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Үҫемлектәр һәм хайуандар донъяһы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&action=edit&section=5" title="Үҫемлектәр һәм хайуандар донъяһы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Архипелаг утрауҙарының боҙҙан азат участкаларын да ла, үҫемлектәр донъяһы байҙан түгел. Большевиктар утрауы биләмәләрендә , арктик тундра алып торған майҙан 10%-тан үтмәй. Алыҫ төньяҡҡа киткән һайын был күрһәткес кәмей бара. Октябрь Революцияһы утрауында тундраға бары тик 5 % кенә тура килә. </p><p>Комсомолец утрауында, ғөмүмән, үҫемлектәр бөтөнләй юҡ. Бында продуценттарҙың төп өлөшөн, башлыса лишайниктар, үҫемлектәрҙән мүктәр генә тәшкил итә. С<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D2%AF%D2%AB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Сәскәле үҫемлектәр">әскәле</a>ләрҙән бары — төлкөғойроҡ, , поляр мәк, таштишәр, крупка (әүернә сәскәлеләр ғәиләһенән) генә осрай. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Урман">Урман</a> юҡ. </p><p>Утрауҙың хайуандар донъяһы байыраҡ. Ҡоштарҙан <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Ҡуян ябалағы">поляр өкө</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%BF%D1%81%D3%99%D2%AF_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сәпсәү һымаҡтар">к</a>өйөлдө, а<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Аҡбаш турғай">ҡбаш турғай</a>, аҡ аҡсарлаҡ<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, алһыу аҡсарлаҡ, диңгеҙ аҡсарлаҡтары, аңрағош, бургомистр, моевка, эяла (<a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Эяла">морянка</a>) һәм сарлаҡ тереклек итә. Һирәгерәк гага, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гагаралар">гагара</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A1_%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аҡ ағуна">аҡ куропатка</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A1%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%A1" title="Аҡсарлаҡ">көмөш аҡсарлаҡ</a> һәм һәнәк ҡойроҡ аҡсарлаҡ (вилохвостая чайка) осрай. </p><p>Һөтимәрҙәрҙән аҡ айыу, материктан инеүсе ҡырағай төньяҡ боланы, аҡ төлкө, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Бүре">бүре</a>, тоҡор сысҡан һәм башҡа ваҡ <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Кимереүселәр">кимереүселәр</a> осрай. Яр буйы һыуҙарында нерпа, гренландия тюлены, белуха, морж тереклек итә (шул иҫәптән Лаптев диңгеҙе эндемиктары— лаптев моржы(Odobenus rosmaruslaptevi)) һәм лахтак. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Әҙәбиәт"><span id=".D3.98.D2.99.D3.99.D0.B1.D0.B8.D3.99.D1.82"></span>Әҙәбиәт</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&action=edit&section=6" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Вениамин Кавериндың «Ике капитан» тип аталған романында Төньяҡ Ерҙе Вилькицкийҙан ярты йыл алдараҡ Катяның атаһы Иван Татаринов аса. Ләкин хаттары барып етмәй һәләк була һәм билдәлелек ала алмай. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ"><span id=".D0.A8.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B9_.D1.83.D2.A1_.D2.A1.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D2.93.D1.8B.D2.99"></span>Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&action=edit&section=7" title="Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Нина Петровна Демма — беренсе урыҫ поляр тикшеренеүсеһе. 1932—1934 йылдарҙа Төньяҡ Ерҙә ҡышлауға етәкселек итә.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иң_ҙур_утрау"><span id=".D0.98.D2.A3_.D2.99.D1.83.D1.80_.D1.83.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.83"></span>Иң ҙур утрау</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Иң ҙур утрау бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&action=edit&section=8" title="Иң ҙур утрау бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="dablink">Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Төньяҡ Ер архипелагындағы утрауҙар исемлеге (был бит юҡ)">Төньяҡ Ер архипелагындағы утрауҙар исемлеге</a> </div> <ul><li>Большевик</li> <li>Комсомолец</li> <li>Крупская утрауы утрауы</li> <li>Октябрь Революцияһы утрауы</li> <li>Старокадомский утрауы</li> <li>Шмидт утрауы</li> <li>Пионер</li> <li>Кесе Таймыр</li> <li>Найдёныш</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Әҙәбиәт_2"><span id=".D3.98.D2.99.D3.99.D0.B1.D0.B8.D3.99.D1.82_2"></span>Әҙәбиәт</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&action=edit&section=9" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Белов М. И.</i> По следам полярных экспедиций. — Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1977. — 144 с.: ил <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.polarpost.ru/Library/Belov-Po_sledam/text-po_sledam_expediciy-09.html">[1]</a>.</li> <li><i>Саватюгин Л. М., Дорожкина М. В.</i> Архипелаг Северная Земля: История, имена и названия. — СПб.: Наука, 2010. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9785020253896" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-5-02-025389-6</a></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Ушаков Г. А.</i> Остров метелей. По нехоженной земле. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Ленинград">Л.</span>: Гидрометеоиздат, 1990. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5286004091" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-286-00409-1</a>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Урванцев Н. Н.</i> На Северной Земле. — 2-е изд.. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Ленинград">Л.</span>, 1969.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иҫкәрмәләр"><span id=".D0.98.D2.AB.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Иҫкәрмәләр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&action=edit&section=10" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pravo-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pravo_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rusk.ru/st.php?idar=800549">По праву истории</a> // Московский журнал, 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вилькицкий, Борис Андреевич (был бит юҡ)">Вилькицкий Б. А.</a></i> Земля Императора Николая II // <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Возрождение (газета) (был бит юҡ)">Возрождение</a></i> : газета. — Париж, 1934. — № 3140.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-razdor-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-razdor_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rg.ru/2007/05/29/reg-enisey/ostrov.html">Острова раздора</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polarpost.ru/Library/Kupetskiy/text-nikolay2.html">Тайвай — Земля Николая Второго</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Маргарита Дель Джудиче.</i> <span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nat-geo.ru/article/385/?fulltext=1">Арктический кошмар</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_(%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Geographic (журнал) (был бит юҡ)">National Geographic</a> — Россия (15 сентябрь 2011). <small>Дата обращения: 4 сентябрь 2012.</small> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6BTWRV7LX">Архивировано</a> 17 октябрь 2012 года.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2018 йыл 12 апрель <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180412082256/http://www.nat-geo.ru/article/385/?fulltext=1">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ка-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ка_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ка_6-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020731064946/http://kapustin.boom.ru/journal/zubovskoy.htm">К истории картографирования центральной части советской Арктики — Kapustin-Arctica Antarctica philatelia</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-фор-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-фор_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forpost-x.com.ua/arabeski/severnaya-zemlya-chast-ii/">Северная Земля. Часть II</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-амир-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-амир_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amirov-marat.com/view_article.php?id=10">Куропатка полярная — сайт о жизни на арх-ге Северная Земля</a><span style="font-size:85%; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(недоступная ссылка)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-гео-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-гео_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.kz/slovar/severnaya-zemlya/">Северная Земля</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2010 йыл 5 ноябрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101105201924/http://geography.kz/slovar/severnaya-zemlya/">архивланған</a>.</span></small>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Волков А. Е., Придатко В. И.</i> Материалы по биологии белой чайки (Pagophila eburnea) на Архипелаге Северная Земля / Арктические тундры Таймыра и островов Карского моря. — М.: РАН/ИПЭЭ, 1994. — Т. 1. — С. 207—222.</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Һылтанмалар"><span id=".D2.BA.D1.8B.D0.BB.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Һылтанмалар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Һылтанмалар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%95%D1%80&action=edit&section=11" title="Һылтанмалар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>[ Төньяҡ Ер]</i> — Ҙур совет энциклопедияһында мәҡәлә</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forpost-x.com.ua/arabeski/severnaya-zemlya-chast-i-1/">Северная Земля</a> — история открытия архипелага</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://no-land.ru">Сайт о жизни на Северной Земле 1993 г. с видео и фотогалереей</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2015 йыл 22 декабрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222182758/http://no-land.ru/">архивланған</a>.</span></small></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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