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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Axel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 54 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%84" title="ريتشارد أكسل (árabe)" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريتشارد أكسل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%84" title="ريتشارد اكسل (Egyptian Arabic)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ريتشارد اكسل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C3%A7ard_Aksel" title="Riçard Aksel (azerbaiyano)" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Riçard Aksel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaiyano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="ریچارد اکسل (South Azerbaijani)" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ریچارد اکسل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Рычард Эксел (bielorruso)" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рычард Эксел" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="রিচার্ড অ্যাক্সেল (bengalí)" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রিচার্ড অ্যাক্সেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (catalán)" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="ڕیچارد ئەکسل (kurdo sorani)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕیچارد ئەکسل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (checo)" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (alemán)" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (inglés)" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (esperanto)" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (estonio)" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (euskera)" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="euskera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="ریچارد اکسل (persa)" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریچارد اکسل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (finés)" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (francés)" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (irlandés)" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (gallego)" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%9C" title="ריצ'רד אקסל (hebreo)" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריצ'רד אקסל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2" title="रिचर्ड एक्सल (hindi)" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रिचर्ड एक्सल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (croata)" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (húngaro)" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (indonesio)" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (ido)" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (italiano)" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB" title="リチャード・アクセル (japonés)" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リチャード・アクセル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ричард Эксел (kazajo)" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ричард Эксел" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%EC%95%A1%EC%84%A4" title="리처드 액설 (coreano)" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리처드 액설" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardus_Axel" title="Ricardus Axel (latín)" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ricardus Axel" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD" title="റിച്ചാർഡ് ആക്സെൽ (malayálam)" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റിച്ചാർഡ് ആക്സെൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayálam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (malayo)" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="ریچارد اکسل (mazandaraní)" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ریچارد اکسل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (bajo alemán)" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bajo alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (neerlandés)" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (noruego bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruego bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (occitano)" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (polaco)" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="ریچرڈ ایکسل (Western Punjabi)" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریچرڈ ایکسل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (portugués)" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (rumano)" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB,_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Аксел, Ричард (ruso)" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аксел, Ричард" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (Simple English)" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ричард Аксел (serbio)" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ричард Аксел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (sueco)" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (suajili)" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suajili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="ரிச்சார்ட் ஆக்செல் (tamil)" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரிச்சார்ட் ஆக்செல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (turco)" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ричард Аксел (tártaro)" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ричард Аксел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Річард Ексел (ucraniano)" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Річард Ексел" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%88_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B2%D9%84" title="رچرڈ اکزل (urdu)" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رچرڈ اکزل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel (vietnamita)" lang="vi" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r157776694">.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen{max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-container .thumbinner,.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-map{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%!important}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen a.image>img{max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="width:22.7em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align:left; padding:.23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="cabecera persona" style="text-align:center;background-color:transparent;color:inherit;background-color:#8DB1C3;color:#000;">Richard Axel</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" class="imagen" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Richard_Axel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Richard_Axel.jpg/220px-Richard_Axel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Richard_Axel.jpg/330px-Richard_Axel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Richard_Axel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="383" data-file-height="477" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color:#8DB1C3;color:#000;">Información personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;width:33%;">Nacimiento</th><td colspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;;"> 2 de julio de 1946 (78 años)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nueva_York" title="Nueva York">Nueva York</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;width:33%;">Nacionalidad</th><td colspan="2" class="category" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;;"> estadounidense</td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color:#8DB1C3;color:#000;">Familia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;width:33%;">Cónyuge</th><td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;;"> <a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Bargmann" title="Cornelia Bargmann">Cornelia Bargmann</a><span class="wikidata-link lapiz noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211940?uselang=es#P26" title="Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata"><img alt="Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color:#8DB1C3;color:#000;">Educación</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;width:33%;">Educado en</th><td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Escuela_Superior_Stuyvesant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Escuela Superior Stuyvesant (aún no redactado)">Escuela Superior Stuyvesant</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Columbia" title="Universidad de Columbia">Universidad de Columbia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Universidad_Johns_Hopkins" title="Universidad Johns Hopkins">Universidad Johns Hopkins</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color:#8DB1C3;color:#000;">Información profesional</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;width:33%;">Área</th><td colspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;;"> <a href="/wiki/Neurociencia" title="Neurociencia">Neurociencia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;width:33%;">Conocido por</th><td colspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;;"> Demostró que receptores del olfato provienen de receptores G acoplados a proteínas.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;width:33%;">Empleador</th><td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;;"> <a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Columbia" title="Universidad de Columbia">Universidad de Columbia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;width:33%;">Miembro de</th><td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Nacional_de_Ciencias_(Estados_Unidos)" title="Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Estados Unidos)">Academia Nacional de Ciencias de los Estados Unidos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Estadounidense_de_las_Artes_y_las_Ciencias" title="Academia Estadounidense de las Artes y las Ciencias">Academia Estadounidense de las Artes y las Ciencias</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">Sociedad Filosófica Estadounidense</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a><span class="wikidata-link lapiz noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211940?uselang=es#P463" title="Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata"><img alt="Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;width:33%;">Distinciones</th><td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;;"> <a href="/wiki/Anexo:Premio_Nobel_de_Fisiolog%C3%ADa_o_Medicina" class="mw-redirect" title="Anexo:Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina">Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 2004</a></td></tr><tr><td class="noprint" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><div class="plainlinks wikidata-link" style="font-size: 0.85em">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211940" class="extiw" title="d:Q211940">editar datos en Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Richard Axel</b>, M.D.,(2 de julio de 1946) es un médico e investigador <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">estadounidense</a> del <a href="/wiki/Sistema_olfativo" title="Sistema olfativo">sistema olfativo</a> por el que obtuvo el <a href="/wiki/Anexo:Premio_Nobel_de_Fisiolog%C3%ADa_o_Medicina" class="mw-redirect" title="Anexo:Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina">Premio Nobel en Fisiología o Medicina</a> en 2004 junto con <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" class="mw-redirect" title="Linda B. Buck">Linda B. Buck</a>. </p><p>En su principal trabajo, publicado en 1991, Buck and Axel <a href="/wiki/Clon" title="Clon">clonaron</a> receptores olfatorios, demostrando que provienen de la familia de los receptores acoplados a proteínas G. Analizando <a href="/wiki/ADN" class="mw-redirect" title="ADN">ADN</a> de <a href="/wiki/Rata" class="mw-redirect" title="Rata">rata</a>, estimaron que debe haber al menos mil diferentes <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">genes</a> para los receptores olfatorios en el <a href="/wiki/Genoma" title="Genoma">genoma</a> de los <a href="/wiki/Mam%C3%ADfero" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamífero">mamíferos</a>. </p><p>Nacido en <a href="/wiki/Nueva_York" title="Nueva York">Nueva York</a>, Axel ricibió su A.B. en 1967 de Columbia y su grado de doctor en 1970 en la <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Johns_Hopkins" title="Universidad Johns Hopkins">Universidad Johns Hopkins</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Axel&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=1840504&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum">A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: a molecular basis for odor recognition.</a> Cell. 1991 Apr 5;65(1):175-87.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=208776&query_hl=3&itool=pubmed_docsum">The transfer and stable integration of the HSV thymidine kinase gene into mouse cells.</a> Cell. 1978 May;14(1):133-41.</li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=7414320&query_hl=26&itool=pubmed_docsum">Altering genotype and phenotype by DNA-mediated gene transfer.</a> Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1414-22.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enlaces_externos">Enlaces externos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Axel&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Enlaces externos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2004/axel/biographical/">Autobiografía en la página Nobel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041023234238/http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/dept/neurobeh/axel/overview.html">Página de del grupos de investigación de Axel en la Universidad de Columbia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/axel_bio.html">Página en el Instituto Médico Howard Hughes </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131118095829/http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/axel_bio.html">Archivado</a> el 18 de noviembre de 2013 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <p><br /> <br clear="all" /> </p> <table class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="30%">Predecesor:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Lauterbur">Paul Lauterbur</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Peter Mansfield</a></b> </td> <td width="40%"><b><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_de_Fisiolog%C3%ADa_o_Medicina" class="mw-redirect" title="Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina">Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina</a></b><br />2004 </td> <td width="30%">Sucesor:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Robin Warren</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Barry Marshall</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control 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.navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Control_de_autoridades" title="Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Proyectos Wikimedia</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211940" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q211940">Q211940</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Richard_Axel">Richard Axel</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q211940%22">Q211940</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identificadores</b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-16054556">WorldCat</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fichero_de_Autoridades_Virtual_Internacional" title="Fichero de Autoridades Virtual Internacional">VIAF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/16054556/">16054556</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000054742975">0000000054742975</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1140791419">1140791419</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79116881">n79116881</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="Biblioteca Nacional de la República Checa">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0148111">xx0148111</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Israel" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Israel">NLI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007441833805171">987007441833805171</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06884134">DA06884134</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22908627" class="extiw" title="d:Q22908627">S2</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/-/6324849">6324849</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/111080088">111080088</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3141-4076">0000-0002-3141-4076</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56240994000">56240994000</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BIBSYS" title="BIBSYS">BIBSYS</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90128139">90128139</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">MGP</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=273481">273481</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/people/11019/">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Diccionarios y enciclopedias</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Brit%C3%A1nica" title="Enciclopedia Británica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Axel">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211940" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q211940">Q211940</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Richard_Axel">Richard Axel</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q211940%22">Q211940</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtenido de «<a dir="ltr" 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