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id="toc-Road_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Road racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traditional_road_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_road_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Traditional road racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_road_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorcycle_Grand_Prix" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorcycle_Grand_Prix"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Motorcycle Grand Prix</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorcycle_Grand_Prix-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Superbike_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Superbike_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Superbike racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Superbike_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supersport_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supersport_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Supersport racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supersport_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endurance_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endurance_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>Endurance racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endurance_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sidecar_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sidecar_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.6</span> <span>Sidecar racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sidecar_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motocross" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motocross"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Motocross</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motocross-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Supercross" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supercross"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Supercross</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supercross-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supermoto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supermoto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Supermoto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supermoto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enduro_and_cross-country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enduro_and_cross-country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Enduro and cross-country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enduro_and_cross-country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Enduro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enduro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Enduro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enduro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hard_Enduro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hard_Enduro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.1</span> <span>Hard Enduro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hard_Enduro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vintage_Enduro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vintage_Enduro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.2</span> <span>Vintage Enduro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vintage_Enduro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hare_Scramble" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hare_Scramble"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Hare Scramble</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hare_Scramble-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cross-country_rally" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross-country_rally"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Cross-country rally</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cross-country_rally-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Track_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Track_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Track racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Track_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indoor_short_track_and_TT_Racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indoor_short_track_and_TT_Racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Indoor short track and TT Racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indoor_short_track_and_TT_Racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speedway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speedway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Speedway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speedway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grasstrack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grasstrack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.3</span> <span>Grasstrack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grasstrack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ice_speedway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ice_speedway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.4</span> <span>Ice speedway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ice_speedway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Board_track" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Board_track"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.5</span> <span>Board track</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Board_track-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Auto_Race" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auto_Race"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.6</span> <span>Auto Race</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auto_Race-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_categories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_categories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Other categories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_categories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Drag_racing/sprints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drag_racing/sprints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Drag racing/sprints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drag_racing/sprints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UK_Sprinting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UK_Sprinting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>UK Sprinting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UK_Sprinting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hill_climb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hill_climb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.3</span> <span>Hill climb</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hill_climb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landspeed_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landspeed_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.4</span> <span>Landspeed racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landspeed_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vintage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vintage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.5</span> <span>Vintage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vintage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Super_Hooligan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Super_Hooligan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.6</span> <span>Super Hooligan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Super_Hooligan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorradrennen" title="Motorradrennen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Motorradrennen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="مسابقه موتورسیکلت‌رانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مسابقه موتورسیکلت‌رانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comp%C3%A9tition_motocycliste" title="Compétition motocycliste – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Compétition motocycliste" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadracing" title="Roadracing – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Roadracing" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wy%C5%9Bcig_motocyklowy" title="Wyścig motocyklowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wyścig motocyklowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratamoottoripy%C3%B6r%C3%A4ily" title="Ratamoottoripyöräily – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ratamoottoripyöräily" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motosiklet_yar%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Motosiklet yarışı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Motosiklet yarışı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17163326#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Motorcycle racing</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleix_Espargar%C3%B3_leads_the_pack_2021_Sachsenring.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Aleix_Espargar%C3%B3_leads_the_pack_2021_Sachsenring.jpg/250px-Aleix_Espargar%C3%B3_leads_the_pack_2021_Sachsenring.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Aleix_Espargar%C3%B3_leads_the_pack_2021_Sachsenring.jpg/375px-Aleix_Espargar%C3%B3_leads_the_pack_2021_Sachsenring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Aleix_Espargar%C3%B3_leads_the_pack_2021_Sachsenring.jpg/500px-Aleix_Espargar%C3%B3_leads_the_pack_2021_Sachsenring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4893" data-file-height="3262" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">2021 German motorcycle Grand Prix</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Highest <a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">governing body</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Motocyclisme" title="Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme">FIM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">First played</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">November 29, 1895 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mixed-sex_sports" title="Mixed-sex sports">Mixed-sex</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Outdoor</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Presence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Games" title="World Games">World Games</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Motocross: <a href="/wiki/1985_World_Games" title="1985 World Games">1985</a>; Speedway: <a href="/wiki/1985_World_Games" title="1985 World Games">1985</a> and <a href="/wiki/2017_World_Games" title="2017 World Games">2017</a>; Indoor trials <a href="/wiki/2005_World_Games" title="2005 World Games">2005</a> (All invitational sports)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_sport" title="Motorcycle sport">motorcycle sport</a> of <a href="/wiki/Racing" title="Racing">racing</a> (also called <b>moto racing</b> and <b>motorbike racing</b>) includes <b>motorcycle road racing</b> and off-road racing, both either on <a href="/wiki/Race_track" title="Race track">circuits</a> or open courses, and <a href="/wiki/Track_racing" title="Track racing">track racing</a>. Other categories include hill climbs, drag racing and land speed record trials. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Categories">Categories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Categories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Motocyclisme" title="Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme">FIM</a> classifies motorcycle racing in the following four main categories.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each category has several subcategories.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_racing">Road racing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Road racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Road_racing" title="Road racing">Road racing</a></div> <p>Road racing is a form of motorcycle <a href="/wiki/Racing" title="Racing">racing</a> held on paved <a href="/wiki/Road_surface" title="Road surface">road surfaces</a>. The races can be held either on a purpose-built <a href="/wiki/Race_track" title="Race track">closed circuit</a> or on a <a href="/wiki/Street_circuit" title="Street circuit">street circuit</a> utilizing temporarily closed public <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">roads</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Traditional_road_racing">Traditional road racing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Traditional road racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Start_Senior_TT_2010_IMG_P0001185.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Start_Senior_TT_2010_IMG_P0001185.jpg/250px-Start_Senior_TT_2010_IMG_P0001185.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Start_Senior_TT_2010_IMG_P0001185.jpg/375px-Start_Senior_TT_2010_IMG_P0001185.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Start_Senior_TT_2010_IMG_P0001185.jpg/500px-Start_Senior_TT_2010_IMG_P0001185.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1824" data-file-height="1368" /></a><figcaption>Competitors line up at the start of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Isle_of_Man_TT" title="2010 Isle of Man TT">2010</a> <a href="/wiki/Senior_TT" title="Senior TT">Senior TT</a> race. This form of road racing differs from others as it takes the form of an individual <a href="/wiki/Time_Trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Trial">Time Trial</a>, but other historic TT events have differed, using mass-grid starts and <a href="/wiki/Le_Mans_start" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Mans start">Le Mans starts</a></figcaption></figure><p> Historically, "road racing" meant a course on closed public roads. This was once commonplace but currently only a few such circuits have survived, mostly in Europe. Races take place on public roads which have been temporarily closed to the public by legal orders from the local legislature. Two championships exist, the first is the International Road Racing Championship <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, the other is the <a href="/wiki/Duke_Road_Racing_Rankings" title="Duke Road Racing Rankings">Duke Road Racing Rankings</a>. The latter accounts for the majority of road races that take place each season, with an award for the highest placed rider. Prominent road races include the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT" title="Isle of Man TT">Isle of Man TT</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_West_200" title="North West 200">North West 200</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Grand_Prix" title="Ulster Grand Prix">Ulster Grand Prix</a> on long circuits. Ireland has many road racing circuits still in use. Other countries with road races are the Netherlands, Finland, Spain, Belgium, Germany, Great Britain (<a href="/wiki/Oliver%27s_Mount" title="Oliver's Mount">Oliver's Mount</a>), the Czech Republic, Ukraine, New Zealand, Thailand and Macau. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Motorcycle_Grand_Prix">Motorcycle Grand Prix</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Motorcycle Grand Prix"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capirossi_Hayden_Rossi_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Capirossi_Hayden_Rossi_2005.jpg/220px-Capirossi_Hayden_Rossi_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Capirossi_Hayden_Rossi_2005.jpg/330px-Capirossi_Hayden_Rossi_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Capirossi_Hayden_Rossi_2005.jpg/440px-Capirossi_Hayden_Rossi_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>MotoGP racing</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing" title="Grand Prix motorcycle racing">Grand Prix motorcycle racing</a></div> <p>Grand Prix motorcycle racing refers to the premier category of motorcycle road racing. It is divided into three distinct classes: </p> <ul><li><b>Moto3</b>: Introduced in 2012, motorcycles in this class are 250cc with single-cylinder four-stroke engines Previously it featured 125 cc two-stroke motorcycles. This class is also restricted by rider age, with an upper limit of 25 for newly signed riders and wild card entries and an absolute upper limit of 28 for all riders.</li> <li><b>Moto2</b>: Introduced by <a href="/wiki/Dorna_Sports" title="Dorna Sports">Dorna Sports</a>, the commercial rights holder of the competition, in 2010 as a 600 cc four-stroke class. Prior to that season, the intermediate class was 250 cc with two-stroke engines. Moto2 races in the 2010 season allowed both engine types; from 2011 on, only Honda <i>controlled-engine</i> four-stroke Moto2 machines were allowed. Beginning in <a href="/wiki/2019_Moto2_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Moto2 season">2019</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motorcycles_Ltd" title="Triumph Motorcycles Ltd">Triumph Motorcycles</a> replaced Honda as the controlled-engine supplier for Moto2. The new engines are based on the 2017 Triumph Street Triple <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Street_Triple#Specification" title="Triumph Street Triple">RS 765</a>.</li> <li><b>MotoGP</b>: It is the current term for the highest class of GP racing. The class was contested with prototype machines with varying displacement and engine type over the years. Originally contested by large displacement four stroke machines in the early years it eventually switched to 500 cc two strokes. In 2002 990 cc four-stroke bikes were allowed to compete alongside the 500 cc two strokes and then completely replaced them in 2003. 2007 saw a reduction to 800 cc four stroke engines due to high speeds and <a href="/wiki/Global_financial_crisis_of_2008%E2%80%932009" class="mw-redirect" title="Global financial crisis of 2008–2009">2008–2009 financial crisis</a> Before they were finalized on 1000 cc four strokes in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Grand Prix motorcycles are prototype machines not based on any production motorcycle. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Superbike_racing">Superbike racing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Superbike racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Motorcycle_racing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Motorcycle_racing.jpg/220px-Motorcycle_racing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Motorcycle_racing.jpg/330px-Motorcycle_racing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Motorcycle_racing.jpg/440px-Motorcycle_racing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Superbike racing</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Superbike_racing" title="Superbike racing">Superbike racing</a></div> <p>Superbike racing is the category of motorcycle road racing that employs modified production motorcycles, as with touring cars. Superbike racing motorcycles must have four stroke engines of between 800 cc and 1200 cc for <a href="/wiki/V-twin" class="mw-redirect" title="V-twin">twins</a>, and between 750 cc and 1000 cc for <a href="/wiki/Four_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Four cylinder">four cylinder</a> machines. The motorcycles must maintain the same profile as their roadgoing counterparts. The overall appearance, seen from the front, rear and sides, must correspond to that of the bike <a href="/wiki/Homologation" title="Homologation">homologated</a> for use on public roads even though the mechanical elements of the machine have been modified. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Supersport_racing">Supersport racing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Supersport racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Motorcycle_phillip_island03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Motorcycle_phillip_island03.jpg/220px-Motorcycle_phillip_island03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Motorcycle_phillip_island03.jpg/330px-Motorcycle_phillip_island03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Motorcycle_phillip_island03.jpg/440px-Motorcycle_phillip_island03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Supersport racing</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/AMA_Supersport_Championship" title="AMA Supersport Championship">AMA Supersport Championship</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Supersport_Championship" title="British Supersport Championship">British Supersport Championship</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Supersport_World_Championship" title="Supersport World Championship">Supersport World Championship</a></div> <p>Supersport racing is another category of motorcycle road racing that employs modified production motorcycles. To be eligible for Supersport racing, a motorcycle must have a <a href="/wiki/Four-stroke" class="mw-redirect" title="Four-stroke">four-stroke</a> engine of between 250 and 600 cc for <a href="/wiki/Straight-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight-4">four-cylinder</a> machines, and between 600 and 750 cc for <a href="/wiki/V-twin" class="mw-redirect" title="V-twin">twins</a>, and must satisfy the FIM homologation requirements. Supersport regulations are much tighter than Superbikes. Supersport machines must remain largely as standard, while engine tuning is possible but tightly regulated. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Endurance_racing">Endurance racing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Endurance racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Course_bol_d_or_2005.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Course_bol_d_or_2005.JPG/220px-Course_bol_d_or_2005.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Course_bol_d_or_2005.JPG/330px-Course_bol_d_or_2005.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Course_bol_d_or_2005.JPG/440px-Course_bol_d_or_2005.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Endurance racing</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Endurance_racing_(motorsport)" title="Endurance racing (motorsport)">Endurance racing (motorsport)</a></div> <p>Endurance racing is a category of motorcycle road racing which is meant to test the durability of equipment and endurance of the riders. Teams of multiple riders attempt to cover a large distance in a single event. Teams are given the ability to change riders during the race. Endurance races can be run either to cover a set distance in laps as quickly as possible, or to cover as much distance as possible over a preset amount of time. Reliability of the motorcycles used for endurance racing is paramount. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sidecar_racing">Sidecar racing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sidecar racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sidecars_Isle_of_Man_TT_Race.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sidecars_Isle_of_Man_TT_Race.jpg/220px-Sidecars_Isle_of_Man_TT_Race.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sidecars_Isle_of_Man_TT_Race.jpg/330px-Sidecars_Isle_of_Man_TT_Race.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sidecars_Isle_of_Man_TT_Race.jpg/440px-Sidecars_Isle_of_Man_TT_Race.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>Sidecar racing</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sidecar_World_Championship" title="Sidecar World Championship">Sidecar World Championship</a></div> <p>Sidecar racing is a category of <a href="/wiki/Sidecar" title="Sidecar">sidecar</a> motorcycle racing. Older sidecar road racers generally resembled solo motorcycles with a platform attached; modern racing sidecars are purpose built low and long vehicles. Sidecarcross resembles MX motorcycles with a high platform attached. In sidecar racing a rider and a passenger work together to make the machine perform optimally; the way in which a passenger shifts body weight across the sidecar is crucial to its performance around corners. </p><p>Sidecar racing has many sub-categories including: </p> <ul><li>Sidecarcross (sidecar motocross)</li> <li>Sidecar trials</li> <li>F1/F2 road racing</li> <li>Historic (classic) road racing</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motocross">Motocross</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Motocross"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MotoX_start.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/MotoX_start.jpg/220px-MotoX_start.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/MotoX_start.jpg/330px-MotoX_start.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/MotoX_start.jpg/440px-MotoX_start.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Start of a Motocross race</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Motocross" title="Motocross">Motocross</a></div><p>Motocross (or MX) is the direct equivalent of road racing, but off-road, a number of bikes racing on a closed circuit. Motocross circuits are constructed on a variety of non-tarmac surfaces such as dirt, sand, mud, grass, etc., and tend to incorporate elevation changes either natural or artificial. Advances in motorcycle technology, especially suspension, have led to the predominance of circuits with added "jumps" on which bikes can get airborne. Motocross has another noticeable difference from road racing, in that starts are done en masse, with the riders alongside each other. Up to 40 riders race into the first corner, and sometimes there is a separate award for the first rider through (see <a href="/wiki/Holeshot" title="Holeshot">holeshot</a>). The winner is the first rider across the finish line, generally after a given amount of time or laps or a combination. </p><p>Motocross has a plethora of classes based upon machine displacement (ranging from 50cc 2-stroke youth machines up to 250cc two-stroke and 450cc four-stroke), age of competitor, ability of competitor, sidecars, quads/ATVs, and machine age (classic for pre-1965/67, <a href="/wiki/Twinshock" class="mw-redirect" title="Twinshock">Twinshock</a> for bikes with two shock absorbers, etc.). </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Supercross">Supercross</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Supercross"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Supercross" class="mw-redirect" title="Supercross">Supercross</a></div> <p>Supercross (or SX) is simply indoor motocross. Supercross is more technical and rhythmic for riders. Typically situated in a variety of stadiums and open or closed arenas, it is notable for its numerous jumps. In North America, this has been turned into an extremely popular spectator sport, filling large baseball, soccer, and football stadiums, leading to Motocross being now termed the "outdoors". However, in Europe it is a less popular sport, as the predominant focus there is on Motocross. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Supermoto">Supermoto</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Supermoto"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Supermoto2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Supermoto2012.jpg/220px-Supermoto2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Supermoto2012.jpg/330px-Supermoto2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Supermoto2012.jpg/440px-Supermoto2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2629" data-file-height="1673" /></a><figcaption>A Supermoto rider on a tarmac section</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Supermoto" title="Supermoto">Supermoto</a></div> <p>Supermoto is a racing category that is a crossover between road-racing and motocross. The motorcycles are mainly motocross types with road-racing tyres. The racetrack is a mixture of road and dirt courses (in different proportions) and can take place either on closed circuits or in temporary venues (such as urban locations). </p><p>The riding style on the tarmac section is noticeably different from other forms of tarmac-based racing, with a different line into corners, sliding of the back wheel around the corner, and using the leg straight out to corner (as opposed to the noticeable touching of the bent knee to the tarmac of road racers). </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enduro_and_cross-country">Enduro and cross-country</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Enduro and cross-country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Enduro">Enduro</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Enduro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stefan_Merriman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Stefan_Merriman.jpg/170px-Stefan_Merriman.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Stefan_Merriman.jpg/255px-Stefan_Merriman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Stefan_Merriman.jpg/340px-Stefan_Merriman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1943" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Former World Enduro Champion <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Merriman" title="Stefan Merriman">Stefan Merriman</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Enduro" title="Enduro">Enduro</a></div> <p>Enduro is a form of off-road motorcycle sport that primarily focuses on the endurance of the competitor. In the most traditional sense ("Time Card Enduros"), competitors complete a 10+ mile lap, of predominately off-road going, often through forestry. The lap is made up of different stages, each with a target time to complete that stage in exactly, there are penalties for being early and late, thus the goal is to be exactly "on time". Some stages are deliberately "tight", others are lax allowing the competitor to recuperate. There are also a variety of special tests, on variety of terrain to further aid classification, these are speed stages where the fastest time is desired. A normal event lasts for 3 to 4 hours, although longer events are not uncommon. Some events, particularly national and world championship events take place over several days and require maintenance work to be carried out within a limited time window or while the race is running. To prevent circumvention of the maintenance restrictions, the motorcycles are kept overnight in secure storage. </p><p>There is a <a href="/wiki/World_Enduro_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="World Enduro Championship">World Enduro Championship</a> (WEC) that has events across Europe, with a few excursions to North America. The most significant event in the Enduro calendar is the <a href="/wiki/International_Six_Days_Enduro" title="International Six Days Enduro">International Six Days Enduro</a> (formerly the International Six Days Trial), where countries enter teams of riders (i.e. Enduro's "World Cup"), as well as club teams – the event combines amateur sport with the professional level sport, it also takes place in a much more geographically dispersed range of locations. </p><p>In addition to traditional Time Card Enduros held over a long lap, a variety of other forms of sport have been taken up; notably "Short Course Enduros", a shorter (in lap length) form of Time Card Enduros <a href="/wiki/Hare_scramble" title="Hare scramble">Hare scrambles</a> and "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hare_and_Hound_(Motorcycle_Race)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hare and Hound (Motorcycle Race) (page does not exist)">Hare and Hounds</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Hard_Enduro">Hard Enduro</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hard Enduro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A variant of Enduro called Hard Enduro also exists which take Enduro racing to extremes with even larger, longer and tougher courses than Enduro, it is designed to bring together all disciplines of Enduro – Hard Enduro, Classic Enduro, Cross-Country and Beach Racing. The <a href="/wiki/FIM_Hard_Enduro_World_Championship" title="FIM Hard Enduro World Championship">FIM Hard Enduro World Championship</a> is the main championship in this category. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Vintage_Enduro">Vintage Enduro</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Vintage Enduro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another variant of Enduro is Vintage Enduro which combines the elements of off-road racing and long-distance touring, making it a popular choice among enthusiasts who enjoy the challenges and nostalgia associated with vintage motorcycles. Vintage Enduro events often attract a dedicated community of riders, collectors, and fans who appreciate the history and craftsmanship of these classic machines.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the regulations include, air-cooled two-Stroke engines, drum brakes and kick starters. These features add to the nostalgic charm and require riders to adapt their riding techniques accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hare_Scramble">Hare Scramble</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Hare Scramble"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hare_scramble" title="Hare scramble">Hare scramble</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jennifer_Roberts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Jennifer_Roberts.jpg/220px-Jennifer_Roberts.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Jennifer_Roberts.jpg/330px-Jennifer_Roberts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Jennifer_Roberts.jpg/440px-Jennifer_Roberts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Hare Scramble racer at Hyden, Ky</figcaption></figure> <p>Hare scramble is the name given to a particular form of off-road motorcycle racing. Traditionally a hare scramble can vary in length and time with the contestants completing multiple laps around a marked course through wooded or other rugged natural terrain. The overall winner is the contestant who maintains the highest speed throughout the event. In Florida, Hare scrambles start the race with a staggered starting sequence. Once on the course, the object of the competitor is to complete the circuit as fast as possible. The race consists of wooded areas or open fields. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cross-country_rally">Cross-country rally</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cross-country rally"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rally_raid" title="Rally raid">Rally raid</a></div> <p>Cross-country rally events (also called <i>Rallye Raid</i> or simply <i>Rallye</i>, alternate spelling <i>Rally</i>) are much bigger than enduros. Typically using larger bikes than other off-road sports, these events take place over many days, travelling hundreds of miles across primarily open off-road terrain. The most famous example is the <a href="/wiki/Dakar_Rally" title="Dakar Rally">Dakar Rally</a>, previously travelling from Western Europe (often Paris) to Dakar in Senegal, via the Sahara desert, taking almost two weeks. From 2009 to 2019 the Dakar Rally had been held in South America traveling through Argentina, Peru and Chile. Starting in 2020 the event now runs in the deserts of Saudi Arabia. The <a href="/wiki/FIM_Cross-Country_Rallies_World_Championship" title="FIM Cross-Country Rallies World Championship">FIM Cross-Country Rallies World Championship</a> also exists encompassing many events across the world, typically in desert nations. Such events include the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Way_Rally" title="Silk Way Rally">Silk Way Rally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Desert_Challenge" title="Abu Dhabi Desert Challenge">Abu Dhabi Desert Challenge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rallye_OiLibya_du_Maroc" class="mw-redirect" title="Rallye OiLibya du Maroc">Rallye du Maroc</a>. These events often run alongside "car" rallies (under the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_l%27Automobile" title="Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile">FIA</a>). </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Track_racing">Track racing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Track racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Track_racing" title="Track racing">Track racing</a></div> <p>Track racing is a form of motorcycle racing where teams or individuals race opponents around an oval track. There are differing variants, with each variant racing on a different surface type. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indoor_short_track_and_TT_Racing">Indoor short track and TT Racing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Indoor short track and TT Racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FlatTrackMotorcycleRacing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/FlatTrackMotorcycleRacing.jpg/220px-FlatTrackMotorcycleRacing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/FlatTrackMotorcycleRacing.jpg/330px-FlatTrackMotorcycleRacing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/FlatTrackMotorcycleRacing.jpg/440px-FlatTrackMotorcycleRacing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Track racing motorcycles</figcaption></figure> <p>Indoor races consist of either: a polished concrete floor with coke syrup, or other media sprayed or mopped onto the concrete for traction for the tyres of the motorcycles, or on dirt that has been moistened and hard packed, or left loose (often called a cushion). Similar to the size of the Arenacross Arenas or sometimes smaller, these tight indoor race tracks require the riders to have accurate throttle control to negotiate them. </p><p>In the U.S., flat-track events are held on outdoor dirt ovals, ranging in length from one mile to half-mile, short-tracks and TTs. All are usually held outdoors, though a few short-track events have been held in indoor stadiums. A Short Track event is one involving a track of less than <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> mile in length, while a TT event can be of any length, but it must have at least one right turn and at least one jump to qualify. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/A.M.A._Grand_National_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="A.M.A. Grand National Championship">A.M.A. Grand National Championship</a>, mile, half-mile, short-track and TT races are part of a specific discipline labelled "Dirt track" or sometimes "Flat track" (also called Flat Track). However the AMA Sanction rule books refer to this discipline as Dirt track racing. Whether mile, half-mile, short-track or TT, traction is what defines a dirt track race. The bikes cannot use "knobbies", they must use "Class C" tires which are similar to street tires. On mile, half-mile, short-track course, the track is an oval, all turns to the left only, and only a rear brake is allowed. On the TT courses, there must be at least one right hand turn with a jump being optional, front and rear brakes are allowed, but the same "Class C" tires are required. </p><p>Although not mandated, most flat track racers wear a steel "shoe" on the left boot which is actually a fitted steel sole that straps onto the left boot. This steel shoe lets the rider slide more easily and safely on their left foot when needed as they lean the bike to the left while sliding through the corners, though riders can often perform what is known as a "feet-up slide", using throttle control, body lean and steering alone to power-slide through the turns, without sliding on their steel shoe. </p><p>Hard-packed tracks are generally referred to as "groove" tracks, loosely packed tracks are called "cushions". The composition of the track surface is usually decided by the race promoter and track preparation team, the latter using various methods and materials including combinations of clay, decomposed granite, sand, calcium (to allow the surface to retain water moisture) and other materials. An optimum "groove" track will have enough moisture to be "tacky", without being slick, and will develop what is called a "blue groove" as the motorcycle tires lay down a thin layer of tire rubber on the racing line. </p><p>A "cushion" track consists of similar materials to the groove track, but mixed in a way that allows the surface to maintain a more sandy, loose composition. While power-sliding is common on both groove and cushion tracks, a cushion track allows more power-sliding, into, through and out of the turns. Though the "Class C" tires allowed by the rules are the same for both cushion and groove tracks, riders are allowed to modify the tires by cutting some rubber off the tire grooves for improved traction, but are not allowed to add materials to the tires. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Speedway">Speedway</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Speedway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Speedway_start_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Speedway_start_1.jpg/220px-Speedway_start_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Speedway_start_1.jpg/330px-Speedway_start_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Speedway_start_1.jpg/440px-Speedway_start_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>Speedway</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_speedway" title="Motorcycle speedway">Motorcycle speedway</a></div> <p>Speedway racing takes place on a flat oval track usually consisting of <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">dirt</a> or loosely packed <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shale</a>, using bikes with a single gear and no brakes. Competitors use this surface to slide their machines sideways (<a href="/wiki/Powersliding" class="mw-redirect" title="Powersliding">powersliding</a> or <a href="/wiki/Broadsiding" title="Broadsiding">broadsiding</a>) into the bends using the rear wheel to scrub-off speed while still providing the drive to power the bike forward and around the bend. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Grasstrack">Grasstrack</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Grasstrack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grasstrack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Grasstrack.jpg/220px-Grasstrack.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Grasstrack.jpg/330px-Grasstrack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Grasstrack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption>Grass track racing</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Grasstrack" title="Grasstrack">Grasstrack</a></div> <p>Grasstrack is outdoor speedway. The track are longer (400 m+, hence it is often also referred to as <b>Long Track</b> at world level), often on grass (although other surfaces exist) and even feature elevation changes. Machinery is very similar to a speedway bike (still no brakes, but normally two gears, rear suspension, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-Grasstrack_Champions_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grasstrack_Champions-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ice_speedway">Ice speedway</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Ice speedway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Motorcycly_speedway_on_ice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Motorcycly_speedway_on_ice.jpg/220px-Motorcycly_speedway_on_ice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Motorcycly_speedway_on_ice.jpg/330px-Motorcycly_speedway_on_ice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Motorcycly_speedway_on_ice.jpg/440px-Motorcycly_speedway_on_ice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>Ice Racing using full-rubber tyres</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ice_Racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice Racing">Ice Racing</a></div> <p>Ice racing includes a motorcycle class which is the equivalent of Speedway on ice. Bikes race anti-clockwise around oval tracks between 260 and 425 metres in length. Metal tire spikes or screws are often allowed to improve traction. The race structure and scoring are similar to Speedway. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Board_track">Board track</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Board track"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1911boardtrackracing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/1911boardtrackracing.jpg/220px-1911boardtrackracing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/1911boardtrackracing.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="174" /></a><figcaption>Board track racing</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Board_track_racing" title="Board track racing">Board track racing</a></div> <p>Board track racing was a type of track racing popular in the United States between the second and third decades of the 20th century, where competition was conducted on oval race courses with surfaces composed of wooden planks. By the early 1930s, board track racing had fallen out of favor, and into eventual obsolescence. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Auto_Race">Auto Race</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Auto Race"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auto_Race_in_Kawaguchi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Auto_Race_in_Kawaguchi.jpg/220px-Auto_Race_in_Kawaguchi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Auto_Race_in_Kawaguchi.jpg/330px-Auto_Race_in_Kawaguchi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Auto_Race_in_Kawaguchi.jpg/440px-Auto_Race_in_Kawaguchi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>A race starts in <a href="/wiki/Kawaguchi,_Saitama" title="Kawaguchi, Saitama">Kawaguchi</a> Auto Race Circuit</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Auto_Race_(Japanese_sport)" title="Auto Race (Japanese sport)">Auto Race (Japanese sport)</a></div> <p>Auto Race is a Japanese version of track racing held on an asphalt oval course and seen as a gambling sport. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_categories">Other categories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Other categories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Drag_racing/sprints"><span id="Drag_racing.2Fsprints"></span>Drag racing/sprints</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Drag racing/sprints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Motorcycle_drag_launch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Motorcycle_drag_launch.jpg/170px-Motorcycle_drag_launch.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Motorcycle_drag_launch.jpg/255px-Motorcycle_drag_launch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Motorcycle_drag_launch.jpg/340px-Motorcycle_drag_launch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Drag Racing</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_drag_racing" title="Motorcycle drag racing">Motorcycle drag racing</a></div> <p>Drag racing or sprints is a racing venue where two participants line up at a <a href="/wiki/Dragstrip" title="Dragstrip">dragstrip</a> with a signaled starting line. Upon the starting signal, the riders accelerate down a straight, quarter-mile long paved track where their elapsed time and terminal speed are recorded. The rider to reach the finish line first is the winner. This can occur upon purpose built venues (e.g., Santa Pod), temporary venues (e.g., runways or drives of country houses). In addition to "regular" motorcycles, <a href="/wiki/Top_fuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Top fuel">top fuel</a> motorcycles using Nitromethane also compete in this category. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="UK_Sprinting">UK Sprinting</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: UK Sprinting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The UK National Sprint Association was formed in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-Carrick_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carrick-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president was <a href="/wiki/Donald_Campbell" title="Donald Campbell">Donald Campbell</a> until his death in 1967, succeeded by former <a href="/wiki/Vincent_motorcycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Vincent motorcycles">Vincent</a> employee and sprint-record holder <a href="/wiki/George_Brown_(motorcyclist)" title="George Brown (motorcyclist)">George Brown</a>, who retired from sport in 1966 on reaching the 55 age-limit for the <a href="/wiki/Auto-Cycle_Union" title="Auto-Cycle Union">ACU</a> competition licence. Brown's machines included the <a href="/wiki/V_twin" class="mw-redirect" title="V twin">V twin</a> Vincent-engined, <a href="/wiki/Normally-aspirated" class="mw-redirect" title="Normally-aspirated">normally-aspirated</a> <i><a href="/wiki/George_Brown_(motorcyclist)#Nero" title="George Brown (motorcyclist)">Nero</a></i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">supercharged</a> version <i><a href="/wiki/George_Brown_(motorcyclist)#Super_Nero" title="George Brown (motorcyclist)">Super Nero</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Sprinting occurred on disused and re-purposed airstrips, and on a few sea-front <a href="/wiki/Promenades" class="mw-redirect" title="Promenades">promenades</a>, generally with one set of timing equipment, for the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>-mile distance,<sup id="cite_ref-Carrick_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carrick-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although some used <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span>-mile, as still happens at the <a href="/wiki/Ramsey,_Isle_of_Man" title="Ramsey, Isle of Man">Ramsey</a> seafront as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_the_Isle_of_Man#Motorsports" title="List of festivals in the Isle of Man">Ramsey Sprint</a>, part of added attractions during the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT" title="Isle of Man TT">Isle of Man TT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manx_Grand_Prix" title="Manx Grand Prix">Manx Grand Prix</a> events. <a href="/wiki/Santa_Pod_Raceway" title="Santa Pod Raceway">Santa Pod Raceway</a> was the first permanent drag-strip established in UK and Europe in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-Carrick_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carrick-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Writing in his 1970 book, Peter Carrick stated:</p><blockquote><p><i>Though basically similar, sprinting and drag racing have essential differences. Sprinting is a race against the clock, even if other competitors are taking part at the same time. Drag racing is more of a contest, often between a couple of racers</i>.</p></blockquote><p> Where a time was one-way only, any record could be regarded as strip-only, as for official recognition of world and national records two qualifying runs had to be completed in opposite-directions within one-hour, to negate the effect of wind, with an average time resulting.<sup id="cite_ref-Carrick_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carrick-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Writing in 1974, <i><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorcycle News">Motorcycle News</a></i> contributor Jim Reynolds stated: "<i>This is drag racing, a young sport in England, but growing faster than any other</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hill_climb">Hill climb</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Hill climb"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hillclimbing" title="Hillclimbing">Hillclimbing</a></div> <p>In hill climbing, a single rider climbs or tries to climb a road going up a hill in the fastest time or the furthest up the hill before ceasing forward motion. Tarmac events are typically on closed public roads and private roads. The same concept is also used off-tarmac, usually on steeper hills. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Landspeed_racing">Landspeed racing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Landspeed racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_land_speed_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorcycle land speed record">Motorcycle land speed record</a></div> <p>In Landspeed motorcycle racing, the racer is trying to beat the fastest speed ever achieved by that style of motorcycle and type of engine for a timed mile. The pre-eminent event for motorcycle LSR is the International Motorcycle Speed Trials by BUB, held on the Bonneville Salt Flats annually (near Labor Day). Motorcycles are classified based on body style, i.e. how much streamlining is incorporated. They are further classified based on engine size in cubic centimeters (cc's) and based on fuel type (gasoline versus any modified fuels). </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vintage">Vintage</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Vintage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Historic_motorsport" title="Historic motorsport">historic motorsport</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo_5_2013_Classic_TT_IMG_M00260.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Photo_5_2013_Classic_TT_IMG_M00260.jpg/220px-Photo_5_2013_Classic_TT_IMG_M00260.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Photo_5_2013_Classic_TT_IMG_M00260.jpg/330px-Photo_5_2013_Classic_TT_IMG_M00260.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Photo_5_2013_Classic_TT_IMG_M00260.jpg/440px-Photo_5_2013_Classic_TT_IMG_M00260.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1216" /></a><figcaption>A 1972 <a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a> 350cc at the <a href="/wiki/2013_Manx_Grand_Prix" title="2013 Manx Grand Prix">2013 Classic TT</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In vintage racing riders race classic motorcycles that are no longer competitive with the latest production motorcycles. Classes are organized by production period and engine displacement. There are vintage events for almost every type of racing listed above, vintage motocross and road racing are especially popular. Equipment is limited to that available for the production period, although modern safety equipment and tires are permitted. Most vintage production periods are from the 1970s and before, but now 1980s and 1990s motorcycles are being allowed into some events. Generally a motorcycle must be at least 25 years old to be considered vintage. </p><p>The sanctioning body for most US vintage racing is the <a href="/wiki/American_Motorcyclist_Association" title="American Motorcyclist Association">American Motorcyclist Association</a>. The main organizations that sponsor vintage racing are the <a href="/wiki/American_Historic_Racing_Motorcycle_Association" title="American Historic Racing Motorcycle Association">American Historic Racing Motorcycle Association</a> (AHRMA), <a href="/wiki/BikeBandit" title="BikeBandit">BikeBandit</a> and WERA Motorcycle Roadracing, which has several vintage classes along with modern racers. Of historical importance is the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Classic_Racing_Association" title="United States Classic Racing Association">United States Classic Racing Association</a> (USCRA) one of the oldest vintage racing clubs in the US. In the UK the Main organisations are The British Historic Racing Club (BHRC), an arm of the Vintage motorcycle club, and the Classic Motorcycle Racing Club (CRMRC). The CRMC was formed about thirty years ago when the BHRC was slow to include new machines in the 25 years rule and to deal with the first Japanese machines reaching that age. Nowadays the BHRC caters for machines from Europe and America made up to the mid eighties while the CRMC allows the same era and some but not all Japanese machines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Super_Hooligan">Super Hooligan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Super Hooligan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hooligan racing has been around since the 1970s when fans attending flat track races began racing their own personal motorcycles during intermissions of events. Often these motorcycles were simply the bikes that fans rode to the event also known as "run what you brung" races. What's now known as "Super Hooligan" came out of the Harley nights at Costa Mesa Speedway in Southern California. Southern California motorcycle culture developed around this idea of racing large V Twin motorcycles. Super Hooligan races have been side entertainment at a number of events from bike shows like the Handbuilt in Austin, The One Show in Portland to the Superprestigio of the Americas in Las Vegas in 2016, to the flat track races held in conjunction with MotoGP at Circuit of the Americas. In 2017 Super Hooligan became an official racing series with 10 races on the calendar for that year from February through October.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_chariot_racing" title="Motorcycle chariot racing">Motorcycle chariot racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">Automobile racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_auto_racing_tracks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of auto racing tracks">List of auto racing tracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_game" title="Racing game">Racing game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucket_racing" title="Bucket racing">Bucket racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_motorcycles_and_motorcycling" title="Outline of motorcycles and motorcycling">Outline of motorcycles and motorcycling</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090224213458/http://www.fim-live.com/en/fim/history/">"History of the FIM"</a>. FIM. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fim-live.com/en/fim/history/">the original</a> on 24 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+FIM&rft.pub=FIM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fim-live.com%2Fen%2Ffim%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotorcycle+racing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100603070007/http://www.fim-live.com/en/sport/sport/all-motorcycle-sport/">"Sport – Road Racing"</a>. FIM. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fim-live.com/en/sport/sport/all-motorcycle-sport/">the original</a> on 3 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sport+%E2%80%93+Road+Racing&rft.pub=FIM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fim-live.com%2Fen%2Fsport%2Fsport%2Fall-motorcycle-sport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotorcycle+racing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140302033655/http://www.motogp.com/en/MotoGP%20Basics/engines">"MotoGP™ Basics – Engines"</a>. <i>motogp.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motogp.com/en/MotoGP%20Basics/engines">the original</a> on 2 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=motogp.com&rft.atitle=MotoGP%E2%84%A2+Basics+%E2%80%93+Engines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.motogp.com%2Fen%2FMotoGP%2520Basics%2Fengines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotorcycle+racing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fim-europe.com/vintage/">"Vintage – Fim Europe"</a>. FIM.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vintage+%E2%80%93+Fim+Europe&rft.pub=FIM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fim-europe.com%2Fvintage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotorcycle+racing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verivinduro.com.au/">"Home – Vintage Enduro Riders incorporated"</a>. VERi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+%E2%80%93+Vintage+Enduro+Riders+incorporated&rft.pub=VERi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verivinduro.com.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotorcycle+racing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vinduronz.com/">"VINDURO NZ – JOHN NICK'S ADVENTURES"</a>. John Nicks.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VINDURO+NZ+%E2%80%93+JOHN+NICK%27S+ADVENTURES&rft.pub=John+Nicks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vinduronz.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotorcycle+racing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verivinduro.com.au/32/veri-motorcycle-eligibility">"VERi motorcycle eligibility"</a>. VERi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VERi+motorcycle+eligibility&rft.pub=VERi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verivinduro.com.au%2F32%2Fveri-motorcycle-eligibility&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotorcycle+racing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vinduronz.com/vinduro-bikes.html">"Tests and features – VINDURO NZ"</a>. John Nicks.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tests+and+features+%E2%80%93+VINDURO+NZ&rft.pub=John+Nicks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vinduronz.com%2Fvinduro-bikes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotorcycle+racing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grasstrack_Champions-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grasstrack_Champions_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speedwaychampions.com/grass-track-champions.php">"Grasstrack Champions"</a>. speedwaychampions.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grasstrack+Champions&rft.pub=speedwaychampions.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.speedwaychampions.com%2Fgrass-track-champions.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotorcycle+racing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grasstrackgb.co.uk">"Grasstrack GB"</a>. grasstrackgb.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grasstrack+GB&rft.pub=grasstrackgb.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrasstrackgb.co.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotorcycle+racing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carrick-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carrick_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carrick_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carrick_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carrick_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Motor Cycle Racing</i>, Peter Carrick, 1970, Hamlyn, 'Sprinting', pp.120–121. Accessed 1 April 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/The_Motor_Cycle" title="The Motor Cycle"><i>Motor Cycle</i></a>, 6 October 1966, pp.472–473. <i>Brown's Record Swan Song</i>. Accessed 8 April 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nine mind-bending seconds</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorcycle News">Motorcycle News</a></i> Annual '75, 1974, p. 20, a Patrick Stephens publication, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0850591821" title="Special:BookSources/0850591821">0850591821</a> Accessed 2 April 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cycleworld.com/super-hooligan-racing-is-now-national-racing-series">"Super Hooligan Racing Is Now A National Racing Series"</a>. <i>Cycle World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cycle+World&rft.atitle=Super+Hooligan+Racing+Is+Now+A+National+Racing+Series&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cycleworld.com%2Fsuper-hooligan-racing-is-now-national-racing-series&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotorcycle+racing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rolandsands.com/super-hooligans">"Super Hooligans Racing – Motorcycle Parts and Riding Gear – Roland Sands Design – RSD"</a>. <i>www.rolandsands.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rolandsands.com&rft.atitle=Super+Hooligans+Racing+%E2%80%93+Motorcycle+Parts+and+Riding+Gear+%E2%80%93+Roland+Sands+Design+%E2%80%93+RSD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rolandsands.com%2Fsuper-hooligans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotorcycle+racing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle_racing&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motorsport.com/bike/news/features/">Motorcycle Racing News on Motorsport.com</a></li></ul> <p><b>Sanctioning bodies</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090118092548/http://www.fim.ch/en/default.asp">Fédération Internationale de Motocyclismo</a> (FIM) – World governing body</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ma.org.au">Motorcycling Australia (MA)</a>- Australian Governing Body</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acu.org.uk/">Auto Cycle Union</a> – UK governing body</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100219002542/http://supercross-motorcycle-racing.com/">Supercross Motorcycle Racing</a> – Worldwide Supercross Motorcycle Racing</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081218082945/http://www.ama-cycle.org/">American Motorcyclist Association</a> (AMA) – US governing body</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motorsport.co.za/">Motosport South Africa</a> (MSA) – South African governing body</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ffmoto.org">Federation Francaise de moto</a> (FFM) – French governing body</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_Union_of_Ireland" title="Motorcycle Union of Ireland">Motor Cycle Union of Ireland</a>– "governing body of motor cycle sport on the island of Ireland</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccsracing.us/">Championship Cup Series</a> – Sanctioning Body for Sportsman Level motorcycle road racing in the United States</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Sprint_(running)" title="Sprint (running)">Sprinting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-distance_running" title="Middle-distance running">Middle-distance running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-distance_running" title="Long-distance running">Long-distance running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relay_race" title="Relay race">Relay race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurdling" title="Hurdling">Hurdling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_(athletics)" title="Steeplechase (athletics)">Steeplechase</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commgames_2006_Mens_Marathon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Commgames_2006_Mens_Marathon.jpg/80px-Commgames_2006_Mens_Marathon.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Commgames_2006_Mens_Marathon.jpg/120px-Commgames_2006_Mens_Marathon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Commgames_2006_Mens_Marathon.jpg/160px-Commgames_2006_Mens_Marathon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="1107" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Road_running" title="Road running">Road running</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half_marathon" title="Half marathon">Half marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon" title="Marathon">Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramarathon" title="Ultramarathon">Ultramarathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekiden" title="Ekiden">Ekiden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Off-road running</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross_country_running" title="Cross country running">Cross country running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_running" title="Mountain running">Mountain running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fell_running" title="Fell running">Fell running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_running" title="Trail running">Trail running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyrunning" title="Skyrunning">Skyrunning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tower_running" title="Tower running">Tower running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racewalking" title="Racewalking">Racewalking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backward_running" title="Backward running">Backward running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe_running" title="Snowshoe running">Snowshoe running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkour" title="Parkour">Parkour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orienteering" title="Orienteering">Orienteering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foot_orienteering" title="Foot orienteering">Foot orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike_orienteering" title="Mountain bike orienteering">Mountain bike orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_orienteering" title="Ski orienteering">Ski orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_orienteering" title="Trail orienteering">Trail orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio_direction_finding" title="Amateur radio direction finding">Radio orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_orienteering" title="Canoe orienteering">Canoe orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogaining" title="Rogaining">Rogaining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_marathon" title="Mountain marathon">Mountain marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_orienteering" title="Car orienteering">Car orienteering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">Bicycle racing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">Road bicycle racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclo-cross" title="Cyclo-cross">Cyclo-cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravel_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravel racing">Gravel racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike_racing" title="Mountain bike racing">Mountain bike racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">Track cycling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Keirin" title="Keirin">Keirin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMX_racing" title="BMX racing">BMX racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_speedway" title="Cycle speedway">Cycle speedway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_sport" title="Animals in sport">Animal racing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camel_racing" title="Camel racing">Camel racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greyhound_racing" title="Greyhound racing">Greyhound racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">Horse racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_racing" title="Pigeon racing">Pigeon racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sled_dog_racing" title="Sled dog racing">Sled dog racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">Swimming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_water_swimming" title="Open water swimming">Open water swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon_swimming" title="Marathon swimming">Marathon swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_swimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralympic swimming">Paralympic swimming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">Climbing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speed_climbing" title="Speed climbing">Speed climbing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motorsport" title="Motorsport">Motor racing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">Auto racing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drag_racing" title="Drag racing">Drag racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_racing" title="Formula racing">Formula racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kart_racing" title="Kart racing">Kart racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-road_racing" title="Off-road racing">Off-road racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck_racing" title="Pickup truck racing">Pickup truck racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_car_racing" title="Sports car racing">Sports car racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_car_racing" title="Stock car racing">Stock car racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touring_car_racing" title="Touring car racing">Touring car racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truck_racing" title="Truck racing">Truck racing</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Coulthard_2008_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/David_Coulthard_2008_Canada.jpg/80px-David_Coulthard_2008_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/David_Coulthard_2008_Canada.jpg/120px-David_Coulthard_2008_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/David_Coulthard_2008_Canada.jpg/160px-David_Coulthard_2008_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1745" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Motorcycle racing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_racing" title="Beach racing">Beach racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motocross" title="Motocross">Motocross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_chariot_racing" title="Motorcycle chariot racing">Motorcycle chariot racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_raid" title="Rally raid">Rally raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_racing" title="Track racing">Track racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boat_racing#Motorboat_racing" title="Boat racing">Motorboat racing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drag_boat_racing" title="Drag boat racing">Drag boat racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroplane_racing" title="Hydroplane racing">Hydroplane racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetsprint" title="Jetsprint">Jet sprint boat racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inshore_powerboat_racing" title="Inshore powerboat racing">Inshore powerboat racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_powerboat_racing" title="Offshore powerboat racing">Offshore powerboat racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_racing" title="Air racing">Air racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-controlled_car" title="Radio-controlled car">Radio-controlled car racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slot_car_racing" title="Slot car racing">Slot car racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_racing" title="Street racing">Street racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board racing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longboarding" title="Longboarding">Longboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandboarding" title="Sandboarding">Sandboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slalom_skateboarding" title="Slalom skateboarding">Slalom skateboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_luge" title="Street luge">Street luge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winter racing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_skiing" title="Alpine skiing">Alpine skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_(sport)" title="Cross-country skiing (sport)">Cross-country skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowboard_cross" title="Snowboard cross">Snowboard cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_skating" title="Speed skating">Speed skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sledding" title="Sledding">Sledding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multi-sport racing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_racing" title="Adventure racing">Adventure racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">Triathlon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duathlon" title="Duathlon">Duathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquathlon" title="Aquathlon">Aquathlon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forms_of_racing" title="List of forms of racing">List of forms of racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17163326#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17163326#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17163326#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000059093&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Motorcycle racing"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007546037105171">Israel</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10663119">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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