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Anthophyllite - Wikipedia

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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anthophyllite</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antofillit" title="Antofillit – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Antofillit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antofil%C2%B7lita" title="Antofil·lita – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antofil·lita" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthophyllit" title="Anthophyllit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anthophyllit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antofilita" title="Antofilita – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antofilita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antofilita" title="Antofilita – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Antofilita" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="آنتوفیلیت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنتوفیلیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthophyllite" title="Anthophyllite – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anthophyllite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antofilita" title="Antofilita – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Antofilita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antofilit" title="Antofilit – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Antofilit" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antofillite" title="Antofillite – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antofillite" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98" title="אנתופיליט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנתופיליט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthofylliet" title="Anthofylliet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anthofylliet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E9%96%83%E7%9F%B3" title="直閃石 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="直閃石" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antofyllitt" title="Antofyllitt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Antofyllitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antofyllit" title="Antofyllit – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Antofyllit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Антофиллит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Антофиллит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antofylit" title="Antofylit – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Antofylit" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antofilit" title="Antofilit – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antofilit" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antofylliitti" title="Antofylliitti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Antofylliitti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antofyllit" title="Antofyllit – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Antofyllit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82" title="Антофіліт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Антофіліт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthophyllit" title="Anthophyllit – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Anthophyllit" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">Anthophyllite</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthophyllite_Su%C3%A8de_Fond.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Anthophyllite_Su%C3%A8de_Fond.jpg/260px-Anthophyllite_Su%C3%A8de_Fond.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Anthophyllite_Su%C3%A8de_Fond.jpg/390px-Anthophyllite_Su%C3%A8de_Fond.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Anthophyllite_Su%C3%A8de_Fond.jpg/520px-Anthophyllite_Su%C3%A8de_Fond.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3404" data-file-height="2968" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">General</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Inosilicates" class="mw-redirect" title="Inosilicates">Inosilicates</a><br />Amphibole</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(repeating unit)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">☐Mg<sub>2</sub>Mg<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>8</sub>O<sub>22</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mineral_symbols" title="List of mineral symbols">IMA symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ath<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93Strunz_classification" title="Nickel–Strunz classification">Strunz classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9.DE.05</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_system" title="Crystal system">Crystal system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orthorhombic" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthorhombic">Orthorhombic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Crystal class">Crystal class</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Dipyramidal (mmm)<br /><a href="/wiki/H-M_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="H-M symbol">H-M symbol</a>: (2/m 2/m 2/m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Space_group" title="Space group">Space group</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Pnma</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure#Unit_cell" title="Crystal structure">Unit cell</a></th><td class="infobox-data">a = 18.5, b = 17.9<br />c = 5.28&#160;[Å]; Z&#160;=&#160;4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">Identification</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Color</th><td class="infobox-data">Gray to green, brown, and beige</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_habit" title="Crystal habit">Crystal habit</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Rarely as distinct crystals. Commonly lamellar or fibrous.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)" title="Cleavage (crystal)">Cleavage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Perfect on {210}, imperfect on {010}, {100}</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tenacity_(mineralogy)" title="Tenacity (mineralogy)">Tenacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Brittle; elastic when fibrous</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">Mohs scale</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">hardness</span></th><td class="infobox-data">5.5 – 6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lustre_(mineralogy)" title="Lustre (mineralogy)">Luster</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Vitreous, pearly on cleavage</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Streak_(mineralogy)" title="Streak (mineralogy)">Streak</a></th><td class="infobox-data">White to gray</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency" title="Transparency and translucency">Diaphaneity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Transparent to translucent</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific gravity">Specific gravity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.85 – 3.2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Optical properties</th><td class="infobox-data">Biaxial (+)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">Refractive index</a></th><td class="infobox-data">n<sub>α</sub>=1.598 – 1.674, n<sub>β</sub>=1.605 – 1.685, n<sub>γ</sub>=1.615 – 1.697; indices increase with Fe content</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Birefringence" title="Birefringence">Birefringence</a></th><td class="infobox-data">δ = 0.017 – 0.023</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/2V_angle" class="mw-redirect" title="2V angle">2V angle</a></th><td class="infobox-data">57° - 90°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diagnostic features</th><td class="infobox-data">Characterized by clove brown color, but unless in crystals, difficult to distinguish from other <a href="/wiki/Amphiboles" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphiboles">amphiboles</a> without optical and/or X-ray tests</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">References</th><td class="infobox-data"><sup id="cite_ref-HBM_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mindat_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mindat-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Webmin_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webmin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Klein_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-atlas_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlas-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Anthophyllite</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Orthorhombic" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthorhombic">orthorhombic</a> <a href="/wiki/Amphibole" title="Amphibole">amphibole</a> <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a>: ☐Mg<sub>2</sub>Mg<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>8</sub>O<sub>22</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub> (☐ is for a vacancy, a <a href="/wiki/Point_defect" class="mw-redirect" title="Point defect">point defect</a> in the crystal structure), <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> <a href="/wiki/Silicate_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicate minerals">inosilicate</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydroxide" title="Hydroxide">hydroxide</a>. Anthophyllite is <a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(materials_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymorphism (materials science)">polymorphic</a> with <a href="/wiki/Cummingtonite" title="Cummingtonite">cummingtonite</a>. Some forms of anthophyllite are lamellar or fibrous and are classed as <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a>. The name is derived from the Latin word <i>anthophyllum</i>, meaning <i>clove</i>, an allusion to the most common color of the mineral. The Anthophyllite crystal is characterized by its perfect <a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)" title="Cleavage (crystal)">cleavage</a> along directions 126 degrees and 54 degrees. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthophyllite&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Occurrence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anthophyllite is the product of <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">metamorphism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>-rich rocks, especially ultrabasic <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rocks</a> and impure <a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(mineral)" title="Dolomite (mineral)">dolomitic</a> <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shales</a>. It also forms as a retrograde product rimming relict <a href="/wiki/Orthopyroxene" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthopyroxene">orthopyroxenes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olivine" title="Olivine">olivine</a>, and as an accessory mineral in <a href="/wiki/Cordierite" title="Cordierite">cordierite</a>-bearing <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneisses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">schists</a>. Anthophyllite also occurs as a retrograde metamorphic mineral derived from <a href="/wiki/Ultramafic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultramafic">ultramafic</a> rocks along with <a href="/wiki/Serpentinite" title="Serpentinite">serpentinite</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence_in_ultramafic_rocks">Occurrence in ultramafic rocks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthophyllite&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Occurrence in ultramafic rocks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anthophyllite is formed by the breakdown of <a href="/wiki/Talc" title="Talc">talc</a> in ultramafic rocks in the presence of water and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> as a prograde <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_reaction" title="Metamorphic reaction">metamorphic reaction</a>. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (XCO<sub>2</sub>) in aqueous solution favors production of anthophyllite. Higher partial pressures of CO<sub>2</sub> reduces the temperature of the <i>anthophyllite-in</i> <a href="/wiki/Isograd" title="Isograd">isograd</a>. </p><p>Ultramafic rocks in purely hydrous, CO<sub>2</sub>-free environments will tend to form <a href="/wiki/Serpentinite" title="Serpentinite">serpentinite</a>-<a href="/wiki/Antigorite" title="Antigorite">antigorite</a>-<a href="/wiki/Brucite" title="Brucite">brucite</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tremolite" title="Tremolite">tremolite</a> assemblages (dependent on MgO content) or at amphibolite to granulite metamorphic grade, metamorphic pyroxene or olivine. Thus, metamorphic assemblages of ultramafic rocks containing anthophyllite are indicative of at least <a href="/wiki/Greenschist" title="Greenschist">greenschist</a> facies metamorphism in the presence of carbon dioxide bearing metamorphic fluids. </p><p>The typical metamorphic assemblage reactions for low-magnesian (&lt;25% MgO) and high-magnesian (&gt;25% MgO) ultramafic rocks are; </p> <ul><li>Olivine + Tremolite + Talc → Olivine + Tremolite + Anthophyllite (low MgO, &gt;550&#160;°C, XCO2 &lt;0.6)</li> <li>Talc + Tremolite + Magnesite → Tremolite + Anthophyllite + Magnesite (High MgO, &gt;500&#160;°C, XCO2 &gt;0.6)</li> <li>Talc + Magnesite + Tremolite → Anthophyllite + Tremolite + Magnesite (Low MgO, &gt;500&#160;°C, XCO2 &gt;0.6)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthophyllite_in_Komatiite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Anthophyllite_in_Komatiite.jpg/220px-Anthophyllite_in_Komatiite.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Anthophyllite_in_Komatiite.jpg/330px-Anthophyllite_in_Komatiite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Anthophyllite_in_Komatiite.jpg/440px-Anthophyllite_in_Komatiite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Anthophyllite in serpentinised komatiite, Maggie Hays Ni Mine, Western Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>Retrogressive anthophyllite is relatively rare in ultramafic rocks and is usually poorly developed due to the lower energy state available for metamorphic reactions to progress and also the general dehydration of rock masses during metamorphism. Similarly, the need for substantial components of carbon dioxide in metamorphic fluid restricts the appearance of anthophyllite as a retrograde mineral. The usual metamorphic assemblage of retrograde-altered ultramafic rocks is thus usually a <a href="/wiki/Serpentinite" title="Serpentinite">serpentinite</a> or <a href="/wiki/Talc" title="Talc">talc</a>-<a href="/wiki/Magnesite" title="Magnesite">magnesite</a> assemblage. </p><p>Retrograde anthophyllite is present most usually in <a href="/wiki/Shear_zones" class="mw-redirect" title="Shear zones">shear zones</a> where <a href="/wiki/Fracture_(geology)" title="Fracture (geology)">fracturing</a> and shearing of the rocks provides a conduit for carbonated fluids during retrogression. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fibrous_anthophyllite">Fibrous anthophyllite</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthophyllite&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Fibrous anthophyllite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthophyllite_asbestos_SEM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Anthophyllite_asbestos_SEM.jpg/220px-Anthophyllite_asbestos_SEM.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Anthophyllite_asbestos_SEM.jpg/330px-Anthophyllite_asbestos_SEM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Anthophyllite_asbestos_SEM.jpg/440px-Anthophyllite_asbestos_SEM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Anthophyllite fibers (<a href="/wiki/Scanning_electron_microscope" title="Scanning electron microscope">SEM</a> micrograph)</figcaption></figure> <p>Fibrous anthophyllite is one of the six recognised types of <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a>. It was mined in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> and also in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsubase,_Japan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Matsubase, Japan (page does not exist)">Matsubase, Japan</a> where a large-scale open-cast asbestos mine and mill was in operation between 1883 and 1970. </p><p>In Finland anthophyllite asbestos was mined in two mines, the larger one Paakkila in the <a href="/wiki/Tuusniemi" title="Tuusniemi">Tuusniemi</a> commune started in 1918 and closed in 1975 due to the dust problems. The smaller mine, Maljasalmi in the commune of <a href="/wiki/Outokumpu" title="Outokumpu">Outokumpu</a>, was mined from 1944 to 1952. The anthophyllite was used in asbestos cement and for insulation, roofing material etc. </p><p>Anthophyllite is also known as azbolen asbestos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthophyllite&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWarr2021" class="citation journal cs1">Warr, L.N. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1180%2Fmgm.2021.43">"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"</a>. <i>Mineralogical Magazine</i>. <b>85</b> (3): 291–320. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021MinM...85..291W">2021MinM...85..291W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1180%2Fmgm.2021.43">10.1180/mgm.2021.43</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235729616">235729616</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=IMA%E2%80%93CNMNC+approved+mineral+symbols&amp;rft.volume=85&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=291-320&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A235729616%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1180%2Fmgm.2021.43&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021MinM...85..291W&amp;rft.aulast=Warr&amp;rft.aufirst=L.N.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1180%252Fmgm.2021.43&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthophyllite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBM-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HBM_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/anthophyllite.pdf">Handbook of Mineralogy</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mindat-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mindat_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-254.html">Mindat.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Webmin-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Webmin_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webmineral.com/data/Anthophyllite.shtml">Webmineral data</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klein-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Klein_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klein, Cornelius., 2002, <i>The Manual of Mineral Science</i>, 22nd ed., John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-25177-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-25177-1">0-471-25177-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150105154315/http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/">"IMA Master List"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/">the original</a> on 2015-01-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=IMA+Master+List&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubsites.uws.edu.au%2Fima-cnmnc%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthophyllite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlas-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-atlas_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/MineralData?mineral=Anthophyllite">Anthophyllite</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anthophyllite" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Anthophyllite">Anthophyllite</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐vxw5d Cached time: 20241122142308 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.209 seconds Real time usage: 0.303 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1366/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21358/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2836/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 15946/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.115/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4119342/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 256.357 1 -total 41.80% 107.162 1 Template:Reflist 26.93% 69.044 1 Template:Cite_journal 24.64% 63.177 1 Template:Short_description 17.66% 45.278 1 Template:Infobox_mineral 16.09% 41.244 1 Template:Infobox 14.87% 38.124 1 Template:Commons_category 14.24% 36.516 1 Template:Sister_project 13.62% 34.914 1 Template:Side_box 12.93% 33.139 2 Template:Pagetype --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:1627473-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122142308 and revision id 1173430545. 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