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Barbara Juliane von Krüdener – Vikipeedia
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Barbara von Krüdener teatrilaval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barbara_von_Krüdener_teatrilaval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Esivanemad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esivanemad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Esivanemad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esivanemad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Barbara Juliane von Krüdener</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 19 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener" title="Juliane von Krüdener – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Juliane von Krüdener" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Μπάρμπαρα φον Κρούντενερ – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπάρμπαρα φον Κρούντενερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_von_Kr%C3%BCdener" title="Barbara von Krüdener – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Barbara von Krüdener" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_von_Kr%C3%BCdener" title="Barbara von Krüdener – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Barbara von Krüdener" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener" title="Barbara Juliane von Krüdener – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Barbara Juliane von Krüdener" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_von_Kr%C3%BCdener" title="Barbara von Krüdener – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Barbara von Krüdener" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ბარბარა კრიუდენერი – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბარბარა კრიუდენერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Juli%C4%81na_fon_Kr%C4%ABdenere" title="Barbara Juliāna fon Krīdenere – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Barbara Juliāna fon Krīdenere" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Juliana_von_Kr%C3%BCdener" title="Barbara Juliana von Krüdener – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Barbara Juliana von Krüdener" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_von_Kr%C3%BCdener" title="Barbara von Krüdener – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Barbara von Krüdener" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_von_Kr%C3%BCdener" title="Barbara von Krüdener – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Barbara von Krüdener" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener" title="Barbara Juliane von Krüdener – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Barbara Juliane von Krüdener" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Крюденер, Варвара Юлия фон – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крюденер, Варвара Юлия фон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_von_Kr%C3%BCdener" title="Barbara von Krüdener – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Barbara von Krüdener" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_von_Kr%C3%BCdener" title="Barbara von Krüdener – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Barbara von Krüdener" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener" title="Barbara Juliane von Krüdener – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Barbara Juliane von Krüdener" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_von_Kr%C3%BCdener" title="Barbara von Krüdener – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Barbara von Krüdener" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Барбара фон Крюденер – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Барбара фон Крюденер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%BCdeneri_Barbara_Juliane" title="Krüdeneri Barbara Juliane – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Krüdeneri Barbara Juliane" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/KauffmannKruedener.jpg/330px-KauffmannKruedener.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/KauffmannKruedener.jpg/440px-KauffmannKruedener.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>Barbara von Krüdener poeg Pauliga (1786), autor <a href="/wiki/Angelika_Kauffmann" title="Angelika Kauffmann">Angelika Kauffmann</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Beate Barbara Juliane von Krüdener</b> (neiupõlvenimega <b>Vietinghoff-Scheel</b>; 22. november 1764 <a href="/wiki/Riia" title="Riia">Riia</a> – 25. detsember 1824 <a href="/wiki/Bilohirsk" title="Bilohirsk">Bilohirsk</a>) oli <a href="/wiki/Liivimaa" title="Liivimaa">Liivimaa</a> aadlikust <a href="/wiki/Kirjanik" title="Kirjanik">kirjanik</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Pietist" class="mw-redirect" title="Pietist">pietist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viitina_m%C3%B5is" title="Viitina mõis">Viitina mõisaproua</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lapsepõlv"><span id="Lapsep.C3.B5lv"></span>Lapsepõlv</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Lapsepõlv"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Lapsepõlv" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Barbara von Krüdener sündis kahe väärika suguvõsa järeltulijana. Tema ema oli Anne Ulrike von Münnich (1741–1811), diplomaat krahv <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Johann_von_M%C3%BCnnich" title="Ernst Johann von Münnich">Ernst Johann von Münnichi</a> (1707–1788) tütar ning feldmarssal krahv <a href="/wiki/Burchard_Christoph_von_M%C3%BCnnich" title="Burchard Christoph von Münnich">Burchard Christoph von Münnichi</a> pojatütar. Tema isa oli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Hermann_von_Vietinghoff-Scheel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Hermann von Vietinghoff-Scheel (pole veel kirjutatud)">Otto Hermann von Vietinghoff-Scheel</a> (1722–1792), Venemaa salanõunik ja senaator, kolme mõisa omanik, arvatavasti Liivimaa rikkaim mees, kes oli varanduse kogunud viinapõletamisega. </p><p>Lapsepõlve veetis Barbara Riias ja suviti isa mõisates Liivimaal – Marienburgis (praeguses <a href="/wiki/Aluksne" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluksne">Aluksnes</a>) või harvem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kossi_m%C3%B5is&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kossi mõis (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kossi mõisas</a>, mis hiljem hakkas Vietinhoffide järgi kandma <a href="/wiki/Viitina" title="Viitina">Viitina</a> nime. Hariduse sai Barbara kodus, kus teda õpetasid väga head koduõpetajad. Ta õppis keeli, näiteks luges <a href="/wiki/Vergilius" title="Vergilius">Vergiliust</a> ja teisi klassikuid originaalis. Samuti õpetati aadlidaamile vajalikke oskusi: häid kombeid, tantsimist ja muud. Silmaringi avardasid ka reisid. Esimene reis välismaale toimus 1777, kui reisiti Hamburgi, kuhu viidi kurtide kooli tema kurttumm vanem õde. Edasi mindi Pariisi, kus Vietinghoffil oli oma residents Faubourg St. Honorés. Siis populaarsesse suvituspaika <a href="/wiki/Spa" class="mw-redirect" title="Spa">Spasse</a>, kus tutvuti ühe inglise perekonnaga. Juba 1778. aastal reisis 13-aastane hakkaja preili ilma vanemateta Inglismaale. Barbara taheti 16-aastaselt mehele panna naabermõisnikule, aga kuna ta põdes kaua punetisi, jäi abiellumine ära. <sup id="cite_ref-Sachris_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sachris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abielu">Abielu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Abielu"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Abielu" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1782. aasta suvel abiellus preili Vietinghoff 17-aastaselt Vene riigi teenistuses töötava diplomaadist vabahärra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burchard_Alexius_Konstantin_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burchard Alexius Konstantin von Krüdener (pole veel kirjutatud)">Burchard Alexius Konstantin von Krüdeneriga</a>, kes oli temast 20 aastat vanem ning kaks korda abielus olnud ja lahutatud. Barbarast sai von Krüdeneri esimesest abielust sündinud tütre Sophie võõrasema. Kaasavaraks sai Barbara Kosse ehk <a href="/wiki/Viitina_m%C3%B5is" title="Viitina mõis">Viitina mõisa</a>. </p><p>Esimesed abieluaastad veedeti Miitavis (<a href="/wiki/Jelgava" title="Jelgava">Jelgavas</a>), kus parun oli Venemaa keisririigi saadik <a href="/wiki/Kuramaa_hertsogiriik" title="Kuramaa hertsogiriik">Kuramaal</a>. 1784. aastal sündis poeg <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alexander_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Alexander von Krüdener (pole veel kirjutatud)">Paul</a> (1784–1858), kes sai nime ristiisa, troonipärija <a href="/wiki/Paul_I" title="Paul I">Pauli</a> (1754–1801) järgi. Samal aastal nimetati parun von Krüdener Venemaa keisririigi saadikuks <a href="/wiki/Veneetsia" title="Veneetsia">Veneetsias</a>. Noor proua armus lõunamaasse, Veneetsia ellu maskiballide, lõunamaa ööde, inimeste ja loodusega. Veneetsias armus Barbarasse paruni erasekretär, aadliperekonnast pärit Aleksander von Stakijev. Tegemist oli platoonilise suhtega, mis on aluseks romaanile "Valérie". Ringreisil Itaalias peatuti pikemalt Roomas, Angelika Kauffmann maalis seal portree noorest emast ja tema pojast, see ripub Louvre'is. </p><p>1787. aastal määrati von Krüdener Venemaa keisririigi saadikuks Kopenhaagenisse. Samal aastal sündis tütar Julie (1787–1865). Põhjamaine elu ei meeldinud saadikuprouale ja nii suundus ta Prantsusmaale närvihaigust ravima. Raviga ta ilmselt ei tegelenud, küll aga nautis elu Pariisis. Barbara von Krüdener tutvus Barthélemy Bernardin de Saint-Pierre'iga. Luksuslikust elust Pariisis annab märku see, et lahkudes jäi ta <a href="/wiki/Marie-Antoinette" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie-Antoinette">Marie-Antoinette</a>'i õmblejannale võlgu hiiglasliku summa – 20 000 franki. 1790–1791 peatus Barbara <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>’s ja Barèges' kuurordis, kus võlus seltskonda muuhulgas <a href="/wiki/Sallitants" title="Sallitants">sallitantsuga</a> ja tutvus tragunileitnant Frégeville’iga. Neil oli kirglik armuromaan, mistõttu Barbara soovis oma mehelt lahutust. Barbara alustas reisi Kopenhaagenisse. Ta jõudis Rödbysse, kus haigestus ilmselt kopsupõletikku. Seal külastas teda abikaasa, kes keeldus lahutusest ja andis talle korralduse sõita Riiga. 1792–1793 viibiski Barbara von Krüdener Riias, käis 1792. aasta kevadel Peterburis, kus haigestus tema isa, kes suri tema käte vahel. Neil aastatel käis Barbara von Krüdener ka Viitinas, kus edendas haridust ja lasi lastele teha <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B5uged" title="Rõuged">rõugetevastased</a> kaitsepookimised. 1793 määrati Burckhard A. von Krüdener saadikuks Berliini. Barbara von Krüdener järgnes talle, kuid mitte kauaks. Ta reisis Leipzigisse, Riiga, külastas Viitinat. Ta viibis ka Šveitsis, kus tema reiside ajal olid ta lapsed proua Armandi hoole all. Šveitsis elavat Prantsusmaa emigrantide seltskonda võlus tema paindlik vaim, säravad silmad, blondid lokid ja kuulus <a href="/wiki/Sallitants" title="Sallitants">sallitants.</a> Ta tutvus seal Madame de Staëli, Chateaubriandi ja teiste kuulsate kirjanikega. Šveitsis tutvus ta ka pastor Kellneriga, kes jäi tema kauaaegseks kaaslaseks. Veel kord naasis ta mehe juurde, kuid läks taas Šveitsi. 1802. aastal Burckhard A. von Krüdener suri Berliinis, kuid Barbara von Krüdeneri matustel ei olnud.<sup id="cite_ref-Sachris_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sachris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Valérie"_ja_muu_kirjanduslik_tegevus"><span id=".22Val.C3.A9rie.22_ja_muu_kirjanduslik_tegevus"></span>"Valérie" ja muu kirjanduslik tegevus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa ""Valérie" ja muu kirjanduslik tegevus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa ""Valérie" ja muu kirjanduslik tegevus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Alexander_Stakhiev_by_D.Levitsky_(1818,_priv.coll).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alexander_Stakhiev_by_D.Levitsky_%281818%2C_priv.coll%29.jpg/220px-Alexander_Stakhiev_by_D.Levitsky_%281818%2C_priv.coll%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alexander_Stakhiev_by_D.Levitsky_%281818%2C_priv.coll%29.jpg/330px-Alexander_Stakhiev_by_D.Levitsky_%281818%2C_priv.coll%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alexander_Stakhiev_by_D.Levitsky_%281818%2C_priv.coll%29.jpg/440px-Alexander_Stakhiev_by_D.Levitsky_%281818%2C_priv.coll%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2077" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Dmitri Levitski (1735–1822) portreel hoiab Aleksandr von Stakijev käes "Valérie" köidet (1818)</figcaption></figure> <p>"Valérie" ilmus 1804. aastal Pariisis. See on tinglikult autobiograafiline <a href="/wiki/Kiriromaan" title="Kiriromaan">kiriromaan</a>, mille aluseks on Aleksander von Stakijevi armumine Barbara von Krüdeneri. Romaanis armub noor erasekretär Gustave de Linar oma ülemuse noorde abikaasasse Valériesse. Samuti nagu Barbara elus, käsitlevad ka romaani teemad lõunamaad, rasedust, platoonilist armastust. Enamik kirju on kirjutanud de Linar Itaaliast oma põhjamaal elavale sõbrale Ernestile. Mõned kirjad on ka tema sõbra vastused.<sup id="cite_ref-Krüdener_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krüdener-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Väga jõuline oli romaani <a href="/wiki/Turundus" title="Turundus">turunduskampaania</a>: Barbara ise ja tema toaneitsid käisid mööda kauplusi ja nõudsid Valérie käekotte, Valérie kleite, Valérie salle. Nõudlus tekitati juba enne romaani ilmumist. Romaanist sai <a href="/wiki/Bestseller" title="Bestseller">bestseller</a>, kogu Euroopa luges seda, seda tõlgiti mitmesse keelde. Eesti keeles ilmus see aastal 2003. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Pu%C5%A1kin" title="Aleksandr Puškin">Aleksandr Puškin</a> on oma „<a href="/wiki/Jevgeni_Onegin" title="Jevgeni Onegin">Jevgeni Oneginis</a>“ pannud Tatjana lugema just "Valéried", noore de Linari sõnu. <a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Adam Mickiewiczi</a> draamapoeemis "Dziady" loeb kangelanna samuti seda romaani.<sup id="cite_ref-Sachris_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sachris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lisaks "Valériele" on Krüdener kirjutanud ka teosed "Mõtted ja maksiimid" (1802), "Aleksei ehk Vene soldati lugu" (1797), autobiograafilise jutustuse "Algithe", kolmeks jalutuskäiguks jagatud "Schönhoffi lossiaia kirjelduse" (1799) ja "La Cabane des Latarniers". Neid ei ole eesti keelde tõlgitud.<sup id="cite_ref-Põder_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Põder-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usku_pöördumine"><span id="Usku_p.C3.B6.C3.B6rdumine"></span>Usku pöördumine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Usku pöördumine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Usku pöördumine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener.jpg/220px-Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener.jpg/330px-Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener.jpg/440px-Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener.jpg 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="735" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Romaani triumfi järel sõitis Barbara Riiga, kus temast sai üleöö <a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">pietist</a>, prohvet, <a href="/wiki/Hernhuutlus" title="Hernhuutlus">hernhuutlane</a>, vaeste eest hoolitseja. See juhtus, kui ta juhuslikult läbi akna nägi ühe perekonnatuttava äkksurma ja langes sügavasse <a href="/wiki/Depressioon" title="Depressioon">depressiooni</a>. Samuti kohtus ta ühe vaga hernhuutlasest kingsepaga, mille tagajärjel uskus, et usk jumalasse on see, mis sisendab elujulgust, rõõmu ja rahu.<sup id="cite_ref-Kõivupuu_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kõivupuu-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aastail 1804–1815 oli Barbara pidevalt reisil. Ta kohtus paljude mõjukate aadlikega, aga ka teistsugusesse sotsiaalsesse kihti kuuluvate inimestega. Tema algatatud näljahädaliste abistamist ei kiidetud heaks, kardeti, et see kõigutab ühiskonda, teda sunniti korduvalt nii mõnestki kohast lahkuma. </p><p>Teel Pariisist Riiga 1817. aastal lasi Barbara endast <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_Bardua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caroline Bardua (pole veel kirjutatud)">Caroline Bardual</a> maalida kaks portreed. <sup id="cite_ref-Untera_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Untera-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Püha_Liit_ja_Aleksander_I"><span id="P.C3.BCha_Liit_ja_Aleksander_I"></span>Püha Liit ja Aleksander I</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Püha Liit ja Aleksander I"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Püha Liit ja Aleksander I" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a>. aastal kohtus Barbara <a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronnis</a> <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_I" title="Aleksander I">Aleksander I</a>-ga. Tema kinnisidee oli, et Aleksander I on <a href="/wiki/Kristlik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristlik">kristliku</a> maailma päästja. Nad kohtusid veel mitmel korral. Arvatakse, et just Barbara oli nõuandja ja veenis kolme valitsejat – <a href="/wiki/Ortodoksia" title="Ortodoksia">ortodoksse</a> Vene tsaari <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_I" title="Aleksander I">Aleksander I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katoliiklus" title="Katoliiklus">katoliiklasest</a> Austria keisri <a href="/wiki/Franz_II" title="Franz II">Franz II</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Luterlus" title="Luterlus">luterlasest</a> Preisimaa kuninga <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_III" title="Friedrich Wilhelm III">Friedrich Wilhelm III</a> – 1815. aastal Pariisis sõlmitud liidule andma ülevat nimetust <a href="/wiki/P%C3%BCha_Liit" title="Püha Liit">Püha Liit</a>. </p><p>Pärast liidu sõlmimist Barbara ja Aleksander I suhted jahenesid järk-järgult. Oma osa selles oli teda ümbritseval suurel ja kummalisel usklike ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0arlatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šarlatan (pole veel kirjutatud)">šarlatanide</a> seltskonnal.<sup id="cite_ref-Sachris_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sachris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viitina_mõisaproua"><span id="Viitina_m.C3.B5isaproua"></span>Viitina mõisaproua</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Viitina mõisaproua"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Viitina mõisaproua" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1818. aastal jõudis Barbara von Krüdener <a href="/wiki/Viitina" title="Viitina">Viitinasse</a>. Juba 1792. aastal Viitinas viibimise ajal oli ta asutanud kooli ja alustanud laste vaktsineerimist. Pärast 1818. aastal naasmist suhtles Barbara palju <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B5uge" title="Rõuge">Rõuge</a> pastori <a href="/wiki/George_Gottfried_Marpurg" title="George Gottfried Marpurg">George Gottfried Marpurgiga</a>, kes pidas temast väga lugu jumalakartlikkuse ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagadus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vagadus (pole veel kirjutatud)">vagaduse</a> tõttu. 1820. aastaks leidis Marpur, et Barbara von Krüdener on liiga katoliiklik, sest palvetab liiga sagedasti <a href="/wiki/Neitsi_Maarja" class="mw-redirect" title="Neitsi Maarja">neitsi Maarja</a> poole. Viitina mõisas peeti pühapäeviti palvetunde. Need toimusid pärast kiriklikku jumalateenistust ja enne palvetundi anti rahvale korralikult süüa. Barbara von Krüdener manitses talupoegi nii palvetele kui ka tööle, virkusele ja puhtusele, viletsalt riietatutele anti paremaid riideid. Proua korraldas ka vaimulike raamatute tõlkimist ja väljaandmist. Kui 1820. aastaks oli Rõuge kandi talupoegade innukus langenud, siis palvetas ja laulis Barbara lätlastest vennastekoguduse naistega. 1821. aastal käis Barbara Peterburis. Sealt naasnult elas ta tagasitõmbunult ja askeetlikult külmas kütmata mõisakambris, mille tagajärjel haigestus. </p><p>1823. aastal lahkus Barbara Viitinast, et sõita Krimmi tervist parandama. 25. detsembril 1824 suri Barbara Karasu Bazaaris (Belogorskis) ja maeti kohalikku armeenia kirikusse. </p><p>Barbara von Krüdeneri kohta on kogutud rahvapärimust. Viitina rahva mällu on Barbara talletunud hea prouana, kes ei sundinud talupoegi laupäeviti tööle, jagas pühapäeviti nii raha kui ka leiba, karistas neid, kes ei pidanud lugu pühakirjast. Rahva mälus on säilinud lugu Tagamõtsa Jaanist, kes olla lorilaulu ridade lõppu lisanud sõna <a href="/wiki/Aamen" title="Aamen">"aamen"</a>. Selle jumalasõna teotuse eest olla talle vitsu antud. Proua olla <a href="/wiki/Meegom%C3%A4e" title="Meegomäe">Meegomäel</a> palvetamas käinud ja kuulnud seal taevaseid hääli. Teenijatüdrukud uskusid, et proua pisarad teevad õnnelikuks, kui neid juua. Mõisaproua sundis naisi aluspükse kandma, ta olla ise naistel seelikusaba üles tõmmanud, et kontrollida, kas püksid on jalas. Ta olla ka naistele õpetanud, kuidas neid valmistada.<sup id="cite_ref-Kõivupuu_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kõivupuu-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Barbara_von_Krüdener_teatrilaval"><span id="Barbara_von_Kr.C3.BCdener_teatrilaval"></span>Barbara von Krüdener teatrilaval</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Barbara von Krüdener teatrilaval"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Barbara von Krüdener teatrilaval" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>3. augustil 1996 lavastas <a href="/wiki/Ain_M%C3%A4eots" title="Ain Mäeots">Ain Mäeots</a> Viitina mõisahoones <a href="/wiki/Kauksi_%C3%9Clle" title="Kauksi Ülle">Kauksi Ülle</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Sven_Kivisildnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Sven Kivisildnik">Sven Kivisildniku</a> näidendi "Tandsja pühalik" ("Tantsiv pühak"), kus Barbara von Krüdeneri mängis <a href="/wiki/Merle_J%C3%A4%C3%A4ger" title="Merle Jääger">Merle Jääger</a>. Näidendi tekst on ilmunud Vikerkaares 1996, nr 11–12.<sup id="cite_ref-Kauksi_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kauksi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Esivanemad">Esivanemad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Esivanemad"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Esivanemad" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="5" style="background:#f2f2f2"><b>Barbara Juliane von Krüdeneri esivanemad</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="16"><b> Barbara Juliane von Krüdener<br />(1764–1824) </b> </td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Hermann_von_Vietinghoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Hermann von Vietinghoff (pole veel kirjutatud)">Otto Hermann von Vietinghoff</a><br />(1722–1792) </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Friedrich_von_Vietinghoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Friedrich von Vietinghoff (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hermann Friedrich von Vietinghoff</a><br />(1670–1746) </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Friedrich_von_Vietinghoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Friedrich von Vietinghoff (pole veel kirjutatud)">Otto Friedrich von Vietinghoff</a><br />(1640–1709) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_von_Vietinghoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonhard von Vietinghoff (pole veel kirjutatud)">Leonhard von Vietinghoff</a><br />(1675–1710) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Elisabeth von Patkul </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Anna Dorothea von Grotthuss<br />(suri 1704) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_von_Grotthuss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg von Grotthuss (pole veel kirjutatud)">Georg von Grotthuss</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Agnesa von Vietinghoff </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Elisabeth Helene von Helmersen<br />(1684–1745) </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Johann_von_Helmersen" title="Johann von Helmersen">Johann von Helmersen</a><br />(1644–1708) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Helmes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Helmes (pole veel kirjutatud)">Paul Helmes</a><br />(1603–1657) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anna Koyen </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Anna Margaretha von Koskull </td> <td>... </td></tr> <tr> <td>... </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8">Anna Ulrika von Münnich<br />(1741–1811) </td> <td rowspan="4">Krahv<br /><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Johann_von_M%C3%BCnnich" title="Ernst Johann von Münnich">Ernst Johann von Münnich</a><br />(1707–1788) </td> <td rowspan="2">Krahv<br /><a href="/wiki/Burchard_Christoph_von_M%C3%BCnnich" title="Burchard Christoph von Münnich">Burchard Christoph von Münnich</a><br />(1683–1767) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton_G%C3%BCnther_von_M%C3%BCnnich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anton Günther von Münnich (pole veel kirjutatud)">Anton Günther von Münnich</a><br />(1645–1721) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sophia Katharina von Oetken<br />(1659–1710) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Christine Lucretia von Witzleben<br />(1685–1727) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Heinrich_von_Witzleben&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Heinrich von Witzleben (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hans Heinrich von Witzleben</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anna Deborah von Seebach </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Vabapreili<br />Anna Dorothea von Mengden </td> <td rowspan="2">Vabahärra<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnus_Gustav_von_Mengden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnus Gustav von Mengden (pole veel kirjutatud)">Magnus Gustav von Mengden</a><br />(suri 1781) </td> <td>Vabahärra<br /><a href="/wiki/Gustav_von_Mengden" title="Gustav von Mengden">Gustav von Mengden</a><br />(1625–1679) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Barbara Finck von Finckenstein </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Dorothea Sophia von Rosen<br />(1690–1773) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Otto_Johann_von_Rosen" title="Otto Johann von Rosen">Otto Johann von Rosen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anna Margaretha von Rothausen </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Juliane_von_Kr%C3%BCdener&action=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sachris-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sachris_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sachris_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sachris_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sachris_1-3">1,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Sachris, N.B. 2004. Literatuuri troonipärija: lisandusi teadmistele Juliane B. Von Krüdenerist. Akadeemia, nr. 11, lk 2358–2384</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Krüdener-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Krüdener_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Krüdener, Barbara Juliane von. 1804. Valerie ehk Gustav de Linari kirjad Ernest de G...le. Eesti Raamat, Tallinn 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Põder-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Põder_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Põder, Rein. 2003. Viitina paruness ja tema romaan. Valerie. Eesti Raamat, Tallinn, lk 243–261</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kõivupuu-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kõivupuu_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kõivupuu_4-1">4,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Kõivupuu, M. 1996. Madam Krüdenerist, sealhulgas ka rahvapärimuses. Vikerkaar, nr 11/12, lk 61–67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Untera-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Untera_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Untera, Anne. 2010. Viitina mõisaproua Barbara Juliane von Krüdeneri portree lugu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ktu.artun.ee/articles/2012_1_2/ktu_21_1_247–260_untera.pdf">https://ktu.artun.ee/articles/2012_1_2/ktu_21_1_247–260_untera.pdf</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:K%C3%B5dulingid#alaline" title="Vikipeedia:Kõdulingid"><span title=" Kõdulink (juuli 2022)">alaline kõdulink</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kauksi-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kauksi_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kauksi, Ülle. Kivisildnik, Sven. 1996. Tandsja pühalik. 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