CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head><meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Luxembourg and Frontiers strike national Open Access publishing agreement</title> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://js-agent.newrelic.com" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://graphql.contentful.com" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://images.ctfassets.net"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#0C4DED"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://js-agent.newrelic.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://graphql.contentful.com"> <script type="text/javascript" data-h-4cd079c="">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info = {"agent":"","beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"598a124f17","applicationID":"575163483","agentToken":null,"applicationTime":3.517268,"transactionName":"MQcDMkECCkNSW0YMWghNLwlBDgVcWkJXAWAUC04IVhQXHxkXGEofSQ4UHlYOBl9GSlVIVAgGTABBDApEWl1AFhgVFhMPWAZJXlJMWwpbBw5MCUMGCh1SW1EARhVPERNRDw1DW1FcAhgHBRMDVg4BXkc=","queueTime":0,"ttGuid":"ac100c9440b11a71"}; (window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"594441469",accountID:"230385",trustKey:"230385",xpid:"VgUHUl5WGwYHUVBUBAUPVQ==",licenseKey:"598a124f17",applicationID:"575163483"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.281.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>p,gD:()=>m,xN:()=>g});var n=r(3333),i=r(993);const o=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var a=r(2614),s=r(944),c=r(384),u=r(8122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",l=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0,level:i.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MARKS)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MEASURES)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.RESOURCES)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:a.wk,inactiveMs:a.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){o(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,s.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){o(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,s.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,s.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},f={},h="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function p(e){if(!e)throw new Error(h);if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);f[e]=(0,u.a)(t,l());const r=(0,c.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=f[e])}function m(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);var r=p(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.281.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),c&&h(c.prototype,f),h(a.gm,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$v:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,kd:()=>c,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3,c=["PageAction","UserAction","BrowserPerformance"],u={MARKS:"experimental.marks",MEASURES:"experimental.measures",RESOURCES:"experimental.resources"}},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>c,Qu:()=>u,TZ:()=>s,ih:()=>d,pP:()=>a,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit","popstate"],o="api",a="initialPageLoad",s=n.K7.softNav,c={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},u={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},d={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>T,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>A,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>E,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",E="cb"+R,T="jsTime",A="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);const E=new Map;function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes;const c=t[r]?.[x.Jt]||t[r];return E.set(c,a),o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>E.get(c))),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const S={};var N=r(9417),_=r(5603),O=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let P=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:E,loader_config:j,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();E||(x=L.init,E=L.info,j=L.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,_.a)(e.agentIdentifier,j||{}),E.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(E.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,E);const H=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),M=[E.beacon,E.errorBeacon];P||(H.proxy.assets&&(I(H.proxy.assets),M.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&M.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?M:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");S[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{S[e]=t}));var E="api-",A=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function _(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(E,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.recordCustomEvent=I(E,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new _).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const O=_.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(A+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function P(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{O[e]=I(A,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(A,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!S[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>P()),!0):P(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),P=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:"browser/logs",[s.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.281.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.281.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-jmvAlmjCn64ans8tLueqHRlBI/iWekylsDWb94A77CG0ukSriVDvgD3dThx+XjUSBBBMYhFn8B1a18fViyBPEQ==",249:"sha512-ICY/ZrcytM/86t5KFy+9OAWVYmNNJy10EBtxoSUGjQWuZx53p/eLo+L8HfrGjvHuRHRnutqLTGSnvNttffJkaA==",212:"sha512-pQSn+X/RfBOvx/49HvlghaiXMLhhDQXTi13n1N2XMpDquWJgs9U0pbqE3RbAnYC9nsdaTu/RVGvneEPv1fpCxA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),E=i(2843),T=i(3878),A=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=A.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,A.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,T.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var _=i(3969);class O extends b{static featureName=_.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),P=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,P.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class M extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",((e,t)=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r,t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var D=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,D.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,P.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(void 0===p.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,P.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){E(t,e)}),(0,T.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):E(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function E(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(_.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Ee,Lc:Te,uP:Ae,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Ee;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ee,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Te,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var _e=i(2614);class Oe extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(_e.H3,"_").concat(_e.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee,agentRef:this.#o}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(_e.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=_e.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=_e.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class Pe extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,T.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var je=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function Me(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const De={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(De[t.debugId]++)return t;De[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:$e,e5:Je,tH:Qe,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=je;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=Me(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Je]=~~this[Je]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on($e,m),o.on($e,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([Qe+Ze,Qe+"-done",Qe+Xe+Ze,Qe+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,$e,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,Qe+Ze),v(d,Qe+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled,e.init.performance.resources.enabled];if(p.RI&&(e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>{const t=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),500,{leading:!0});(0,T.sp)(e,t)}))),e.init.performance.resources.enabled&&p.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes("resource"))){new PerformanceObserver((e=>{e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{(0,x.p)("browserPerformance.resource",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}))})).observe({type:"resource",buffered:!0})}r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,Oe,O,M,ot,ct,Pe,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_16-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_32-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_180-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/news/manifest.json"> <meta property="description" name="description" content="Luxembourg’s research community has strengthened its commitment to Open Access through a new national publishing agreement, announced this week. The Bibliothèqu"> <meta property="og:title" name="title" content="Luxembourg and Frontiers strike national Open Access publishing agreement"> <meta property="og:description" name="description" content="Luxembourg’s research community has strengthened its commitment to Open Access through a new national publishing agreement, announced this week. The Bibliothèqu"> <meta name="keywords" content="Open Access publishing agreements,Frontiers news"> <meta property="og:image" name="image" content="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/38855/4281d8a3a1f8c7f448a64e71c00a819a/dsf4295.jpg?&w=1200&h=630&fm=jpg&f=center"> <meta property="og:site_name" name="site_name" content="Frontiers Science News"> <meta property="twitter:card" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/2021/06/14/luxembourg-and-frontiers-strike-national-open-access-publishing-agreement/"> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/luxembourg-and-frontiers-strike-national-open-access-publishing-agreement/#blogposting","name":"Luxembourg and Frontiers strike national Open Access publishing agreement - Frontiers | Science news","headline":"Luxembourg and Frontiers strike national Open Access publishing agreement","author":{"@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/author/institutionalagreements/#author"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/#organization"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/38855/4281d8a3a1f8c7f448a64e71c00a819a/dsf4295.jpg"},"datePublished":"2021-06-14T14:47:18.000Z","dateModified":"2023-08-22T09:11:00.412Z","inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/luxembourg-and-frontiers-strike-national-open-access-publishing-agreement/#webpage"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/luxembourg-and-frontiers-strike-national-open-access-publishing-agreement/#webpage"},"articleSection":"Open Access publishing agreements"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/luxembourg-and-frontiers-strike-national-open-access-publishing-agreement/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/luxembourg-and-frontiers-strike-national-open-access-publishing-agreement/#listItem","position":5,"item":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/luxembourg-and-frontiers-strike-national-open-access-publishing-agreement","name":"Luxembourg and Frontiers strike national Open Access publishing agreement","description":"Luxembourg’s research community has strengthened its commitment to Open Access through a new national publishing agreement, announced this week. The Bibliothèque Nationale du Luxembourg, the country’s national library, and the open access publisher Frontiers have reached a three-year publishing deal that will run until February 2024. Managed by the Consortium Luxembourg national library service, participating organizations include: the Bibliothèque Nationale du Luxembourg, the Luxembourg Institute of Health, and the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, as well as the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR), making it the first publisher agreement to include the main funder in Luxembourg. This is also the first deal between a national consortium and Frontiers with an annual payment structure, a model designed to help streamline and simplify operations. Eligible authors from participating institutions now benefit from reduced administration when they publish in any one of Frontiers’ portfolio of 116 open access journals at no cost to themselves. Frontiers, the Consortium and FNR will now directly manage tasks such as making payments and managing communications. Organizations benefit from online tools for eligibility verification, transparent and comprehensive reporting on expenditures, a dedicated account support manager, and publishing fee discounts. Crucially, the agreement also means participating organizations and […]\n","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/luxembourg-and-frontiers-strike-national-open-access-publishing-agreement"}}]},{"@type":"Blog","@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/#blog","name":"Frontiers | Science news","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/author/institutionalagreements/#author","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/author/institutionalagreements/","name":"institutionalagreements"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/luxembourg-and-frontiers-strike-national-open-access-publishing-agreement/#webpage","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/luxembourg-and-frontiers-strike-national-open-access-publishing-agreement/","name":"Luxembourg and Frontiers strike national Open Access publishing agreement","description":"Luxembourg’s research community has strengthened its commitment to Open Access through a new national publishing agreement, announced this week. The Bibliothèque Nationale du Luxembourg, the country’s national library, and the open access publisher Frontiers have reached a three-year publishing deal that will run until February 2024. Managed by the Consortium Luxembourg national library service, participating organizations include: the Bibliothèque Nationale du Luxembourg, the Luxembourg Institute of Health, and the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, as well as the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR), making it the first publisher agreement to include the main funder in Luxembourg. This is also the first deal between a national consortium and Frontiers with an annual payment structure, a model designed to help streamline and simplify operations. Eligible authors from participating institutions now benefit from reduced administration when they publish in any one of Frontiers’ portfolio of 116 open access journals at no cost to themselves. Frontiers, the Consortium and FNR will now directly manage tasks such as making payments and managing communications. Organizations benefit from online tools for eligibility verification, transparent and comprehensive reporting on expenditures, a dedicated account support manager, and publishing fee discounts. Crucially, the agreement also means participating organizations and […]\n","inLanguage":"en-US","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/luxembourg-and-frontiers-strike-national-open-access-publishing-agreement/#breadcrumblist"},"author":{"@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/author/institutionalagreements/#author"},"creator":{"@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/author/institutionalagreements/#author"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/38855/4281d8a3a1f8c7f448a64e71c00a819a/dsf4295.jpg"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/38855/4281d8a3a1f8c7f448a64e71c00a819a/dsf4295.jpg"},"datePublished":"2021-06-14T14:47:18.000Z","dateModified":"2023-08-22T09:11:00.412Z"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/#website","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/","name":"Frontiers | Science news","description":"The latest science & research news from Frontiers - Publishing the most cited open-access journals in their fields","inLanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/news/#blog"}}]}</script><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/entry.7ee3a553.js"><link rel="preload" as="style" href="/science-news/_nuxt/entry.7ecbb31b.css"><link rel="preload" as="style" href="/science-news/_nuxt/_frontiers-sass.1f1181d7.css"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/ohash.6842ea93.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_vue.ed54c8ba.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/cookie-es.506ebd10.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/ofetch.8a359059.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/ufo.ba113514.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/unctx.046cd2cb.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_frontiers-vue3.d733e709.js"><link rel="preload" as="style" href="/science-news/_nuxt/_frontiers-vue3.d67e5d40.css"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/gsap.11af4091.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_contentful.f4c0d42c.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/devalue.0dcc4659.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/h3.c27efe98.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/vue-router.78dbddc8.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/nuxt-site-config.8ecb0b7f.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/site-config-stack.701c81be.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_unhead.228c60f2.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/unhead.aa195385.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/hookable.1b2773ed.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_nuxtjs.07d86196.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/destr.d0012d9a.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_apollo.21f4f5bf.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/tslib.6b3e70e8.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/zen-observable-ts.11549e90.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/optimism.c9e2dc1a.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_wry.5791a431.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/ts-invariant.576aab84.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/graphql.c449efb6.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/symbol-observable.5b970fa9.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/graphql-ws.bed06eee.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_vite-pwa.56157ecc.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/defu.dd83855a.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/default.32dc46d5.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/getCategories.95c56556.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/nuxt-multi-cache.054e3604.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/consola.0ce993d3.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/postsRss.d48bc00e.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/object-hash.af864ddd.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/graphql-tag.5ef4cb3c.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_vueuse.461ef46b.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/FrontiersImage.mapper.10db59f8.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/cross-fetch.0ef14609.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_postSlug_.cff6bb76.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/ReadingProgressIndicator.vue.b784611b.js"><link rel="preload" as="style" href="/science-news/_nuxt/ReadingProgressIndicator.8391faac.css"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/FrontiersRichTextRenderer.vue.74885cae.js"><link rel="preload" as="style" href="/science-news/_nuxt/FrontiersRichTextRenderer.cc9fe7fb.css"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/AssetVideo.vue.00524261.js"><link rel="preload" as="style" href="/science-news/_nuxt/AssetVideo.f6f1a0fd.css"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/contentful-rich-text-vue-renderer.b8aa6ad3.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/PostAside.vue.7856324e.js"><link rel="preload" as="style" href="/science-news/_nuxt/PostAside.064f4d73.css"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/Author.vue.cb6354cd.js"><link rel="preload" as="style" href="/science-news/_nuxt/Author.957f0725.css"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/RelatedSubjects.vue.a9892058.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/AsidePosts.vue.41d28ce1.js"><link rel="preload" as="style" href="/science-news/_nuxt/AsidePosts.10c62091.css"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/_frontiers-vue.b92855f1.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/resize-observer-polyfill.dcbd022e.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/categoryToLink.f6ee6926.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/AsidePost.mapper.88707475.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/FloatingShareButton.vue.d2e0d070.js"><link rel="preload" as="style" href="/science-news/_nuxt/FloatingShareButton.1b6b5d66.css"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/google-structure-data.0564f93e.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/Author.mappers.e252e76e.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/FrontiersRichTextRenderer.d1ffab76.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/PostAside.f986315f.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/FloatingShareButton.d55328c0.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/Author.290c9d3f.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/RelatedSubjects.c36b02a1.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/AsidePosts.089c81aa.js"><link rel="prefetch" as="script" crossorigin href="/science-news/_nuxt/workbox-window.1e1a3f8e.js"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/science-news/_nuxt/entry.7ecbb31b.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/science-news/_nuxt/_frontiers-sass.1f1181d7.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/science-news/_nuxt/_frontiers-vue3.d67e5d40.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/science-news/_nuxt/ReadingProgressIndicator.8391faac.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/science-news/_nuxt/FrontiersRichTextRenderer.cc9fe7fb.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/science-news/_nuxt/AssetVideo.f6f1a0fd.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/science-news/_nuxt/PostAside.064f4d73.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/science-news/_nuxt/Author.957f0725.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/science-news/_nuxt/AsidePosts.10c62091.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/science-news/_nuxt/FloatingShareButton.1b6b5d66.css"><style>@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__main--post{border-bottom:1px solid var(--grey40);padding-bottom:64px;width:100%}}.Layout__main--post .SearchBar__wrapper{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__main--post .SearchBar__wrapper{display:block;margin-bottom:40px}}.Layout__main--post h1{margin-top:0} </style><style>.ImageViewer figcaption{display:none}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer{color:#282828}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Heading--h2,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer h2:not([class]){margin-top:56px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Heading--h2,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer h2:not([class]){margin-top:48px}}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer>p:first-child+img{margin-top:0}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer p{font-size:1rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.375rem;margin-bottom:24px}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.FrontiersRichTextRenderer p{margin-bottom:16px}}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer a{word-break:break-word}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer a:not(.Link):not([class*=Card]){color:var(--maincolor50);cursor:pointer;font-weight:700;position:relative;text-decoration:none;transition:color .3s cubic-bezier(.37,.74,.15,1)}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer a:not(.Link):not([class*=Card]):hover{color:var(--maincolor70);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:2px}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer img{display:block;max-width:100%}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer img:first-child{margin-top:0}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer img+p:has(em){font-size:.875rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.25rem;margin-bottom:32px;margin-top:-24px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.FrontiersRichTextRenderer img+p:has(em){font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.0625rem;margin-bottom:24px;margin-top:-16px}}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer hr{margin:24px 0}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer blockquote{background-color:var(--white);border-left:5px solid var(--blue50);border-right:2px solid var(--blue50);box-shadow:0 0 10px #2828281f,0 0 14px #28282814,0 0 5px #2828280a;margin:56px auto;padding:16px;width:80%}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer ul:not([class*=Card]):not([class*=Metrics]){font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.75rem;list-style:disc;margin-left:24px}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer ul:not([class*=Card]):not([class*=Metrics]) p:not([class]):last-child{margin-bottom:0}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.FrontiersRichTextRenderer ul:not([class*=Card]):not([class*=Metrics]){font-size:1rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.375rem}}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .ImageLink{display:block}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .ImageLink img{margin-left:0}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table{display:flex;flex-direction:column;overflow:hidden}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table__spacer{display:none}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table__wrapper{background-color:#fff;border-bottom-left-radius:8px;border-bottom-right-radius:8px;flex:1;max-width:100%;overflow:auto;white-space:normal}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table__wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;background:var(--white);height:16px;width:16px}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table__wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background-color:var(--grey50);border:5px solid var(--white);border-radius:9px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px hsla(0,0%,100%,.5)}@-moz-document url-prefix(){.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table__wrapper{scrollbar-width:thin}}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table thead{background-color:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--grey30);position:sticky;top:0;z-index:2}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table tbody:last-child tr{border:none}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table tbody tr{border-bottom:1px solid var(--grey30)}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table td,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table th{color:#545454;padding:24px 16px;text-align:left}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table td p,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table th p{font:inherit;margin:0}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table td:first-child,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table th:first-child{background:#fff;left:0;padding:24px;position:sticky;z-index:1}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table td,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table td:first-child,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table th,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table th:first-child{padding:16px}}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table th{color:#545454;font-size:1rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.375rem}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table th{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.25rem}}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table td{color:#282828;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.25rem;position:relative}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table a{color:var(--maincolor50);cursor:pointer;font-weight:700;position:relative;text-decoration:none;transition:color .3s cubic-bezier(.37,.74,.15,1)}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table a:hover{color:var(--maincolor70);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:2px}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .AssetVideo,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .CardGrid,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .FrontiersVideo__wrapper,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .ImageLink,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Renderer__entry--img,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .SocialMediaFeed,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer ol,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer ul{margin:32px auto}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .AssetVideo,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .CardGrid,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .FrontiersVideo__wrapper,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .ImageLink,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Renderer__entry--img,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .SocialMediaFeed,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Table,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer ol,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer ul{margin:24px auto}}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Renderer__entry--img{cursor:pointer}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer p .Link{font-size:inherit}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer img+img{display:inline}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Renderer__entry--block.Link__wrapper{display:flex;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:32px;margin-top:56px;width:100%}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Renderer__entry--block.Link__wrapper{margin-bottom:24px;margin-top:48px}}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Renderer__entry--block.Link__wrapper:last-child{margin-bottom:0}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .Renderer__entry--block.Link__wrapper:last-child{margin-bottom:0}}.FrontiersRichTextRenderer .FrontiersVideo__caption,.FrontiersRichTextRenderer figcaption{color:#282828;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.25rem;margin-top:8px} </style><style>.Layout__aside--post .PublishedDate{color:var(--grey80);font-size:.875rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.25rem;margin-bottom:24px}.Layout__aside--post .Author{border-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__aside--post .Layout__aside__title{border-top:0;margin-top:32px}} </style><style>.FloatingShareButton{bottom:40px;position:fixed;right:40px;z-index:40}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.FloatingShareButton{bottom:24px;right:24px}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.FloatingShareButton{bottom:16px;right:16px}}.FloatingShareButton__btn{align-items:center;background:var(--blue50);border-radius:100px;bottom:0;box-shadow:0 12px 17px #2828283d,0 5px 22px #28282829,0 7px 8px #28282814;color:var(--white);display:flex;font-size:1rem;font-weight:500;height:56px;justify-content:center;line-height:1.375rem;padding:16px 24px;position:absolute;right:0}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.FloatingShareButton__btn{height:40px;padding:8px 24px}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.FloatingShareButton__btn{padding:0;width:40px}}.FloatingShareButton__btn:before{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;color:var(--white);content:"";font-family:Frontiers-Iconography-Next!important;font-size:16px;font-weight:300!important;line-height:16px;margin-top:-1px}.FloatingShareButton__btn span{margin-left:8px;white-space:nowrap}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.FloatingShareButton__btn span{display:none}}.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--grey50);border-radius:8px;bottom:60px;box-shadow:0 24px 38px #2828281f,0 9px 46px #28282814,0 11px 15px #2828280a;opacity:1;position:absolute;right:0;width:356px;z-index:41}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper{bottom:44px;width:228px}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper{align-items:baseline;-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(24px);backdrop-filter:blur(24px);background-color:var(--grey10);border:0;border-radius:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100%;justify-content:space-between;left:0;opacity:1;position:fixed;text-align:center;top:0;width:100%}.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper--title{color:var(--grey80);font-size:.875rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.25rem;margin-top:24px;width:100%}}@media only screen and (min-width:563px){.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper--title{display:none}}.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper__menu{border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper__menu{text-align:center;width:100%}}.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper__menu--item{color:var(--grey70);display:block;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.25rem;padding:16px 16px 16px 32px}.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper__menu--item:hover{background-color:var(--grey10);color:var(--black);cursor:pointer}.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper__menu--item:before{font-family:Frontiers-Iconography-Next!important;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.375rem;margin-right:16px;position:relative}.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper__menu--facebook:before{content:""}.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper__menu--linkedin:before{content:""}.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper__menu--twitter:before{content:""}.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper__menu--email:before{content:""}.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper__menu--copy:before{content:""}.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper--close{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper--close{background-color:var(--white);border-radius:50%;box-shadow:0 8px 10px #2828281f,0 3px 14px #28282814,0 5px 5px #2828280a;color:var(--grey80);display:block;height:56px;margin:0 auto 16px;width:56px}.FloatingShareButton__menuwrapper--close:before{content:"";font-family:Frontiers-Iconography-Next!important;font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.75rem}} </style><style>.Author{border-bottom:1px solid var(--grey40);display:flex;margin-bottom:32px;padding-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Author{margin-bottom:24px;padding-bottom:24px}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Author--xl{align-items:center;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center}.Author--xl .Author__name,.Author--xl .Author__role{text-align:center}}.Author--xl .Avatar{--avatar-size:128px}@media only screen and (max-width:1441px){.Author--xl .Avatar{--avatar-size:96px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.Author--xl .Avatar{--avatar-size:80px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Author--xl .Avatar{--avatar-size:96px}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.Author--xl .Avatar{--avatar-size:80px}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Author--xl .Avatar{--avatar-size:96px}}.Author--sm .Author__name{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.25rem}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Author--sm .Author__name{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.25rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Author--sm .Author__name{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.25rem}}.Author--sm .Author__role{color:var(--grey70);font-size:.875rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.25rem;margin-top:4px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Author--sm .Author__role{font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.0625rem}}.Author__info{display:flex;flex:1;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;margin-left:16px}.Author__name{color:#282828;font-size:2rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.75rem}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Author__name{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2.0625rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Author__name{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.75rem}}.Author__role{color:#545454;font-size:1rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.375rem;margin-top:8px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Author__role{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.25rem}} </style><style>.AsidePosts{display:flex;margin-bottom:24px}.AsidePosts__image{aspect-ratio:1;margin-right:16px;width:80px}.AsidePosts__image .FrontiersImage img{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid var(--grey40);box-sizing:border-box}@media only screen and (max-width:1441px){.AsidePosts__image{width:56px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.AsidePosts__image{width:48px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.AsidePosts__image{width:var(--layout-col-3)}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.AsidePosts__image{width:var(--layout-col-2)}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.AsidePosts__image{width:var(--layout-col-3)}}.AsidePosts__image figcaption{display:none}.AsidePosts__title{font-size:1rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.375rem} </style><style>@font-face{font-family:Frontiers-Iconography-Next;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://static2.frontiersin.org/static-resources/FrontiersIconography.woff2) format("woff2")} </style><style>@font-face{font-family:MuseoSans;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:url(https://static2.frontiersin.org/static-resources/MuseoSans300.woff2) format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:MuseoSans;font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://static2.frontiersin.org/static-resources/MuseoSans500.woff2) format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:MuseoSans;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://static2.frontiersin.org/static-resources/MuseoSans700.woff2) format("woff2")} </style><style>@keyframes rotate{0%{transform:rotate(0)}to{transform:rotate(3turn)}}@keyframes bounce{0%{transform:translateY(0)}to{transform:translateY(5px)}}@keyframes sk-bounce{0%,to{transform:scale(0)}50%{transform:scale(1)}}@keyframes pulse{0%{opacity:1;transform:scale(0)}to{opacity:0;transform:scale(1)}}@keyframes shake{0%,to{transform:translateZ(0)}10%,30%,50%,70%,90%{transform:translate3d(-10px,0,0)}20%,40%,60%,80%{transform:translate3d(10px,0,0)}}@keyframes loading{0%{stroke-dashoffset:140px;transform:rotate(-90deg) translate(0);transform-origin:50%}50%{stroke-dashoffset:70px}to{stroke-dashoffset:0;transform:rotate(270deg) translate(0);transform-origin:50%}}@keyframes color-load{0%{stroke:var(--maincolor40)}10%{stroke:var(--maincolor40)}20%{stroke:var(--maincolor0)}30%{stroke:var(--maincolor40)}40%{stroke:var(--maincolor40)}50%{stroke:var(--maincolor0)}60%{stroke:var(--maincolor40)}70%{stroke:var(--maincolor40)}80%{stroke:var(--maincolor0)}90%{stroke:var(--maincolor40)}to{stroke:var(--maincolor0)}}@keyframes draw{to{stroke-dashoffset:0}}:root{--blue90:#001959;--blue80:#001991;--blue70:#0024b0;--blue60:#002fca;--blue55:#0035d4;--blue50:#003bde;--blue40:#0c4ded;--blue30:#3673f7;--blue20:#6d9efd;--blue10:#aecbff;--blue5:#cee1ff;--blue0:#eef5ff;--sky90:#064b80;--sky80:#015b98;--sky70:#006eaf;--sky60:#0081c2;--sky55:#0089c9;--sky50:#0092d1;--sky40:#00a0dc;--sky30:#2bb1e8;--sky20:#61c4f1;--sky10:#9fdaf8;--sky5:#c8e9fb;--sky0:#f3faff;--teal90:#264543;--teal80:#256662;--teal70:#18867d;--teal60:#00a091;--teal55:#0aae9c;--teal50:#15bca8;--teal40:#31d1bb;--teal30:#53e2cc;--teal20:#7aeedb;--teal10:#a5f7e8;--teal5:#c6fbf1;--teal0:#e8fffb;--red90:#59001e;--red80:#7d0022;--red70:#9f0223;--red60:#bd0b25;--red55:#c91329;--red50:#d51a2c;--red40:#e7323b;--red30:#f2575d;--red20:#fa8589;--red10:#feb9bb;--red5:#ffd6d7;--red0:#fff3f3;--orange90:#591804;--orange80:#822907;--orange70:#a93f0c;--orange60:#bb4107;--orange55:#d14900;--orange50:#e56000;--orange40:#ff8b33;--orange30:#ffb062;--orange20:#ffcb8d;--orange10:#ffe4be;--orange5:#ffedd5;--orange0:#fff6ec;--purple90:#1d1359;--purple80:#2d1d7f;--purple70:#402ba3;--purple60:#553cc2;--purple55:#6046cf;--purple50:#6c51dc;--purple40:#856df0;--purple30:#a589fa;--purple20:#c6acff;--purple10:#e4d3ff;--purple5:#efe4ff;--purple0:#f9f5ff;--green90:#1b5958;--green80:#216958;--green70:#287753;--green60:#2c8147;--green55:#338e3c;--green50:#459d3a;--green40:#54c247;--green30:#74d56d;--green20:#96e392;--green10:#bdf0bc;--green5:#e5fae5;--green0:#f6fff7;--cyan90:#004659;--cyan80:#04586d;--cyan70:#01697e;--cyan60:#04798b;--cyan55:#058899;--cyan50:#1898a4;--cyan40:#20bbc5;--cyan30:#42d6e0;--cyan20:#80e7ed;--cyan10:#b8f2f5;--cyan5:#d3f8fa;--cyan0:#eefeff;--grey90:#282828;--grey80:#545454;--grey70:#6b6b6b;--grey65:#878787;--grey60:#a2a2a2;--grey50:#bfbfbf;--grey40:#d5d5d5;--grey30:#e6e6e6;--grey20:#f0f0f0;--grey10:#f7f7f7;--grey5:#f8f8f8;--grey0:#fff;--black:#282828;--white:#fff}:root,[theme=blue]{--maincolor90:var(--blue90);--maincolor80:var(--blue80);--maincolor70:var(--blue70);--maincolor60:var(--blue60);--maincolor55:var(--blue55);--maincolor50:var(--blue50);--maincolor40:var(--blue40);--maincolor30:var(--blue30);--maincolor20:var(--blue20);--maincolor10:var(--blue10);--maincolor5:var(--blue5);--maincolor0:var(--blue0)}[theme=red]{--maincolor90:var(--red90);--maincolor80:var(--red80);--maincolor70:var(--red70);--maincolor60:var(--red60);--maincolor55:var(--red55);--maincolor50:var(--red50);--maincolor40:var(--red40);--maincolor30:var(--red30);--maincolor20:var(--red20);--maincolor10:var(--red10);--maincolor5:var(--red5);--maincolor0:var(--red0)}[theme=orange]{--maincolor90:var(--orange90);--maincolor80:var(--orange80);--maincolor70:var(--orange70);--maincolor60:var(--orange60);--maincolor55:var(--orange55);--maincolor50:var(--orange50);--maincolor40:var(--orange40);--maincolor30:var(--orange30);--maincolor20:var(--orange20);--maincolor10:var(--orange10);--maincolor5:var(--orange5);--maincolor0:var(--orange0)}[theme=purple]{--maincolor90:var(--purple90);--maincolor80:var(--purple80);--maincolor70:var(--purple70);--maincolor60:var(--purple60);--maincolor55:var(--purple55);--maincolor50:var(--purple50);--maincolor40:var(--purple40);--maincolor30:var(--purple30);--maincolor20:var(--purple20);--maincolor10:var(--purple10);--maincolor5:var(--purple5);--maincolor0:var(--purple0)}[theme=green]{--maincolor90:var(--green90);--maincolor80:var(--green80);--maincolor70:var(--green70);--maincolor60:var(--green60);--maincolor55:var(--green55);--maincolor50:var(--green50);--maincolor40:var(--green40);--maincolor30:var(--green30);--maincolor20:var(--green20);--maincolor10:var(--green10);--maincolor5:var(--green5);--maincolor0:var(--green0)}[theme=cyan]{--maincolor90:var(--cyan90);--maincolor80:var(--cyan80);--maincolor70:var(--cyan70);--maincolor60:var(--cyan60);--maincolor55:var(--cyan55);--maincolor50:var(--cyan50);--maincolor40:var(--cyan40);--maincolor30:var(--cyan30);--maincolor20:var(--cyan20);--maincolor10:var(--cyan10);--maincolor5:var(--cyan5);--maincolor0:var(--cyan0)}[theme=sky]{--maincolor90:var(--sky90);--maincolor80:var(--sky80);--maincolor70:var(--sky70);--maincolor60:var(--sky60);--maincolor55:var(--sky55);--maincolor50:var(--sky50);--maincolor40:var(--sky40);--maincolor30:var(--sky30);--maincolor20:var(--sky20);--maincolor10:var(--sky10);--maincolor5:var(--sky5);--maincolor0:var(--sky0)}:root{--spacing-vertical-sm:48px;--spacing-vertical-l:64px;--spacing-vertical-xl:80px;--spacing-carousel:24px;--ibar-mix-height:56px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){:root{--spacing-vertical-sm:40px;--spacing-vertical-l:48px;--spacing-vertical-xl:64px;--ibar-height:48px;--ibar-mix-height:0}}:root{--layout-col-1:calc(4.16667vw - 33.33333px);--layout-col-2:calc(8.33333vw - 34.66667px);--layout-col-3:calc(12.5vw - 36px);--layout-col-4:calc(16.66667vw - 37.33333px);--layout-col-5:calc(20.83333vw - 38.66667px);--layout-col-6:calc(25vw - 40px);--layout-col-7:calc(29.16667vw - 41.33333px);--layout-col-8:calc(33.33333vw - 42.66667px);--layout-col-9:calc(37.5vw - 44px);--layout-col-10:calc(41.66667vw - 45.33333px);--layout-col-11:calc(45.83333vw - 46.66667px);--layout-col-12:calc(50vw - 48px);--layout-col-13:calc(54.16667vw - 49.33333px);--layout-col-14:calc(58.33333vw - 50.66667px);--layout-col-15:calc(62.5vw - 52px);--layout-col-16:calc(66.66667vw - 53.33333px);--layout-col-17:calc(70.83333vw - 54.66667px);--layout-col-18:calc(75vw - 56px);--layout-col-19:calc(79.16667vw - 57.33333px);--layout-col-20:calc(83.33333vw - 58.66667px);--layout-col-21:calc(87.5vw - 60px);--layout-col-22:calc(91.66667vw - 61.33333px);--layout-col-23:calc(95.83333vw - 62.66667px);--layout-col-24:calc(100vw - 64px);--layout-gap:32px;--layout-margin-extra-gap:8px;--ibar-height:64px;--layout-max-width-px:1920;--layout-max-width:1890px}@media only screen and (min-width:1921px){:root{--layout-col-1:45.41667px;--layout-col-1:46.66667px;--layout-col-2:125.33333px;--layout-col-3:204px;--layout-col-4:282.66667px;--layout-col-5:361.33333px;--layout-col-6:440px;--layout-col-7:518.66667px;--layout-col-8:597.33333px;--layout-col-9:676px;--layout-col-10:754.66667px;--layout-col-11:833.33333px;--layout-col-12:912px;--layout-col-13:990.66667px;--layout-col-14:1069.33333px;--layout-col-15:1148px;--layout-col-16:1226.66667px;--layout-col-17:1305.33333px;--layout-col-18:1384px;--layout-col-19:1462.66667px;--layout-col-20:1541.33333px;--layout-col-21:1620px;--layout-col-22:1698.66667px;--layout-col-23:1777.33333px;--layout-col-24:1856px;--layout-gap:32px;--layout-margin-extra-gap:0px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){:root{--layout-col-1:calc(4.16667vw - 16.66667px);--layout-col-2:calc(8.33333vw - 17.33333px);--layout-col-3:calc(12.5vw - 18px);--layout-col-4:calc(16.66667vw - 18.66667px);--layout-col-5:calc(20.83333vw - 19.33333px);--layout-col-6:calc(25vw - 20px);--layout-col-7:calc(29.16667vw - 20.66667px);--layout-col-8:calc(33.33333vw - 21.33333px);--layout-col-9:calc(37.5vw - 22px);--layout-col-10:calc(41.66667vw - 22.66667px);--layout-col-11:calc(45.83333vw - 23.33333px);--layout-col-12:calc(50vw - 24px);--layout-col-13:calc(54.16667vw - 24.66667px);--layout-col-14:calc(58.33333vw - 25.33333px);--layout-col-15:calc(62.5vw - 26px);--layout-col-16:calc(66.66667vw - 26.66667px);--layout-col-17:calc(70.83333vw - 27.33333px);--layout-col-18:calc(75vw - 28px);--layout-col-19:calc(79.16667vw - 28.66667px);--layout-col-20:calc(83.33333vw - 29.33333px);--layout-col-21:calc(87.5vw - 30px);--layout-col-22:calc(91.66667vw - 30.66667px);--layout-col-23:calc(95.83333vw - 31.33333px);--layout-col-24:calc(100vw - 32px);--layout-gap:16px;--ibar-height:48px}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){:root{--layout-col-1:calc(6.25vw - 17px);--layout-col-2:calc(12.5vw - 18px);--layout-col-3:calc(18.75vw - 19px);--layout-col-4:calc(25vw - 20px);--layout-col-5:calc(31.25vw - 21px);--layout-col-6:calc(37.5vw - 22px);--layout-col-7:calc(43.75vw - 23px);--layout-col-8:calc(50vw - 24px);--layout-col-9:calc(56.25vw - 25px);--layout-col-10:calc(62.5vw - 26px);--layout-col-11:calc(68.75vw - 27px);--layout-col-12:calc(75vw - 28px);--layout-col-13:calc(81.25vw - 29px);--layout-col-14:calc(87.5vw - 30px);--layout-col-15:calc(93.75vw - 31px);--layout-col-16:calc(100vw - 32px);--layout-gap:16px}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){:root{--layout-col-1:calc(12.5vw - 18px);--layout-col-2:calc(25vw - 20px);--layout-col-3:calc(37.5vw - 22px);--layout-col-4:calc(50vw - 24px);--layout-col-5:calc(62.5vw - 26px);--layout-col-6:calc(75vw - 28px);--layout-col-7:calc(87.5vw - 30px);--layout-col-8:calc(100vw - 32px);--layout-gap:16px}}a,a:active,a:hover{text-decoration:none}*{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}:focus{outline:none}ul{list-style:none}ol,ul{margin:0;padding:0}input,textarea{font-family:MuseoSans,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}input[type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-Button,input[type=number]::-webkit-outer-spin-Button{-webkit-appearance:none;margin:0}input[type=number]{-moz-appearance:textfield}input::-ms-clear{display:none}a,a:active{color:inherit}body{overflow-x:hidden}body,html{color:var(--black);font-family:MuseoSans,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;margin:0;padding:0}.l-spacer{flex-grow:1}.is-disabled{opacity:.5;pointer-events:none}.is-hidden{display:none}.is-visible{display:block}.is-inside-mask{height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;width:100%}h1:not([class]){font-size:2.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:3.5rem}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){h1:not([class]){font-size:2rem;line-height:2.75rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){h1:not([class]){font-size:1.75rem;line-height:2.4375rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){h1:not([class]){font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2.0625rem}}.Heading--h1,h1:not([class]){margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-sm)}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h1,h1:not([class]){margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-sm)}}.Heading--h1+.Heading--h2,.Heading--h1+h2:not([class]),h1:not([class])+.Heading--h2,h1:not([class])+h2:not([class]){margin-top:24px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h1+.Heading--h2,.Heading--h1+h2:not([class]),h1:not([class])+.Heading--h2,h1:not([class])+h2:not([class]){margin-top:16px}}.Heading--h1+:not(h2,.Heading--h2),.Heading--h1+p,h1:not([class])+:not(h2,.Heading--h2),h1:not([class])+p{margin-top:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h1+:not(h2,.Heading--h2),.Heading--h1+p,h1:not([class])+:not(h2,.Heading--h2),h1:not([class])+p{margin-top:24px}}h2:not([class]){font-size:2rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.75rem}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){h2:not([class]){font-size:1.75rem;line-height:2.4375rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){h2:not([class]){font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2.0625rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){h2:not([class]){font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.75rem}}.Heading--h2,h2:not([class]){margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-xl)}.Heading--h2+.Heading--h3,.Heading--h2+h3:not([class]),h2:not([class])+.Heading--h3,h2:not([class])+h3:not([class]){margin-top:24px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h2+.Heading--h3,.Heading--h2+h3:not([class]),h2:not([class])+.Heading--h3,h2:not([class])+h3:not([class]){margin-top:16px}}.Heading--h2+:not(h3,.Heading--h3),.Heading--h2+p,h2:not([class])+:not(h3,.Heading--h3),h2:not([class])+p{margin-top:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h2+:not(h3,.Heading--h3),.Heading--h2+p,h2:not([class])+:not(h3,.Heading--h3),h2:not([class])+p{margin-top:24px}}h3:not([class]){font-size:1.75rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.4375rem}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){h3:not([class]){font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.75rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){h3:not([class]){font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem}}.Heading--h3,h3:not([class]){margin-top:56px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h3,h3:not([class]){margin-top:48px}}.Heading--h3+.Heading--h4,.Heading--h3+h4:not([class]),h3:not([class])+.Heading--h4,h3:not([class])+h4:not([class]){margin-top:16px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h3+.Heading--h4,.Heading--h3+h4:not([class]),h3:not([class])+.Heading--h4,h3:not([class])+h4:not([class]){margin-top:8px}}.Heading--h3+:not(h4,.Heading--h4),.Heading--h3+p,h3:not([class])+:not(h4,.Heading--h4),h3:not([class])+p{margin-top:16px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h3+:not(h4,.Heading--h4),.Heading--h3+p,h3:not([class])+:not(h4,.Heading--h4),h3:not([class])+p{margin-top:8px}}h4:not([class]){font-size:1.75rem;font-weight:300;line-height:2.4375rem}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){h4:not([class]){font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.75rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){h4:not([class]){font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem}}.Heading--h4,h4:not([class]){margin-top:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h4,h4:not([class]){margin-top:24px}}.Heading--h4+.Heading--h5,.Heading--h4+h5:not([class]),h4:not([class])+.Heading--h5,h4:not([class])+h5:not([class]){margin-top:16px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h4+.Heading--h5,.Heading--h4+h5:not([class]),h4:not([class])+.Heading--h5,h4:not([class])+h5:not([class]){margin-top:8px}}.Heading--h4+:not(h5,.Heading--h5),.Heading--h4+p,h4:not([class])+:not(h5,.Heading--h5),h4:not([class])+p{margin-top:16px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h4+:not(h5,.Heading--h5),.Heading--h4+p,h4:not([class])+:not(h5,.Heading--h5),h4:not([class])+p{margin-top:8px}}h5:not([class]){font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75rem}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){h5:not([class]){font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){h5:not([class]){font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem}}.Heading--h5,h5:not([class]){margin-top:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h5,h5:not([class]){margin-top:24px}}.Heading--h5+.Heading--h6,.Heading--h5+h6:not([class]),h5:not([class])+.Heading--h6,h5:not([class])+h6:not([class]){margin-top:16px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h5+.Heading--h6,.Heading--h5+h6:not([class]),h5:not([class])+.Heading--h6,h5:not([class])+h6:not([class]){margin-top:8px}}.Heading--h5+p,h5:not([class])+p{margin-top:8px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h5+p,h5:not([class])+p{margin-top:0}}h6:not([class]){font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.75rem}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){h6:not([class]){font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){h6:not([class]){font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.25rem}}.Heading--h6,h6:not([class]){margin-top:24px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h6,h6:not([class]){margin-top:16px}}.Heading--h6+p,h6:not([class])+p{margin-top:0}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Heading--h6+p,h6:not([class])+p{margin-top:0}}.Heading h1,.Heading h2,.Heading h3,.Heading h4,.Heading h5,.Heading h6{margin:0}.Heading .Link__wrapper.Link__wrapper{margin-top:0}p:not([class]){margin-bottom:16px}ol:not([class]),p:not([class]),ul:not([class]){font-size:1rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.375rem}ol:not([class]),ul:not([class]){margin:16px 0}ol:not([class]) li,ul:not([class]) li{font-weight:300}.Renderer__hyperlink{background:red;border:1px solid;color:var(--maincolor50);cursor:pointer;font-family:monospace;font-weight:700;margin:0 8px;padding:0 .25rem;position:relative;text-decoration:none;transition:color .3s cubic-bezier(.37,.74,.15,1)}.Renderer__hyperlink:hover{color:var(--maincolor70);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:2px}.Renderer__hyperlink--Asset{border-color:var(--teal40)}.Renderer__hyperlink--Entry{border-color:var(--orange40)}.Renderer a:not([class]){color:var(--maincolor50);cursor:pointer;font-weight:700;position:relative;text-decoration:none;transition:color .3s cubic-bezier(.37,.74,.15,1)}.Renderer a:not([class]):hover{color:var(--maincolor70);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:2px}.Renderer>blockquote *{font-size:2.5rem;font-weight:300;line-height:3.5rem;text-align:center}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.Renderer>blockquote *{font-size:2rem;font-weight:300;line-height:2.75rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Renderer>blockquote *{font-size:1.75rem;font-weight:300;line-height:2.4375rem}}.Renderer>[class^=Card]{margin-top:32px}.Renderer ul:not([class]){margin:16px 0}.Renderer ul:not([class]) li{font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.75rem;list-style:disc;margin-left:24px}.Renderer ul:not([class]) li p:not([class]):last-child{margin-bottom:0}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.Renderer ul:not([class]) li{font-size:1rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.375rem}}.Renderer p .Link{font-size:inherit}.Renderer .ImageComponent,.Renderer .Metrics,.Renderer .YoutubeVideo__wrapper{margin:32px auto}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Renderer .ImageComponent,.Renderer .Metrics,.Renderer .YoutubeVideo__wrapper{margin:24px auto}}.Renderer .Metrics{display:flex}.Renderer .Metrics__numbers__mask{padding-right:32px}.Renderer .Metrics+.Chart{margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-sm)}.Renderer .TimeLine__goal,.Renderer .TimeLine__item,.Renderer .TimeLine__milestone__item{list-style:none}.Renderer .TimeLine p{margin-bottom:0}.Renderer .CardTeam p{padding:0}.Renderer .CardTeam p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.Renderer .Table+.Table{margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-xl)}.Renderer .FrontiersImage--portrait{text-align:left}.Renderer .FrontiersImage--portrait img{max-height:536px}@media only screen and (max-width:1441px){.Renderer .FrontiersImage--portrait img{max-height:458px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.Renderer .FrontiersImage--portrait img{max-height:405px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Renderer .FrontiersImage--portrait img{max-height:568px}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.Renderer .FrontiersImage--portrait img{max-height:472px}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Renderer .FrontiersImage--portrait img{max-height:none}}.Renderer .Link__wrapper.Renderer__entry--InLine{display:inline}.Renderer .Link__wrapper.Renderer__entry--Block{display:flex;justify-content:center}.Renderer .Link__wrapper .Link--flatButton{margin:32px auto}.Renderer .Bars,.Renderer .Columns,.Renderer .MultiChart,.Renderer .Percentiles{margin-top:32px}.Renderer .Bars .Bars,.Renderer .Columns .Bars,.Renderer .MultiChart .Bars,.Renderer .Percentiles .Bars{margin-top:0}.Renderer .Percentiles{margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-sm)}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.Renderer .MultiChart{grid:min-content/repeat(2,1fr)}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Renderer .MultiChart{grid:min-content/repeat(1,1fr)}}.Renderer .MultiChart__gridItem{max-width:calc(var(--layout-col-6) - var(--layout-gap))}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.Renderer .MultiChart__gridItem{max-width:calc(var(--layout-col-7) - var(--layout-gap))}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Renderer .MultiChart__gridItem{max-width:calc(var(--layout-col-10) - var(--layout-gap))}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.Renderer .MultiChart__gridItem{max-width:calc(var(--layout-col-7) - var(--layout-gap)*.5)}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Renderer .MultiChart__gridItem{max-width:var(--layout-col-8)}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Renderer .Banner ul:not([class]) li{list-style:none}}.Block--aboutFullWidth{margin-left:calc(-16px - var(--layout-col-2) - var(--layout-gap) - var(--layout-gap));margin-right:calc(-16px - var(--layout-col-10) - var(--layout-gap) - var(--layout-gap));margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-xl);padding:var(--spacing-vertical-xl) calc(var(--layout-col-10) + var(--layout-gap) + var(--layout-gap) + 16px) var(--spacing-vertical-xl) calc(var(--layout-col-2) + var(--layout-gap) + var(--layout-gap) + 16px)}@media only screen and (min-width:1921px){.Block--aboutFullWidth{margin-left:calc(-50vw + var(--layout-max-width)*.5 - var(--layout-col-2) - var(--layout-gap)*2);margin-right:calc(-50vw + var(--layout-max-width)*.5 - var(--layout-col-10) - var(--layout-gap)*2);padding-left:calc(50vw - var(--layout-max-width)*.5 + var(--layout-col-2) + var(--layout-gap)*2);padding-right:calc(50vw - var(--layout-max-width)*.5 + var(--layout-col-10) + var(--layout-gap)*2)}}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.Block--aboutFullWidth{margin-left:calc(0px - var(--layout-col-2) - var(--layout-gap) - var(--layout-gap));margin-right:calc(0px - var(--layout-col-8) - var(--layout-gap) - var(--layout-gap));padding-left:calc(var(--layout-col-2) + var(--layout-gap) + var(--layout-gap));padding-right:calc(var(--layout-col-8) + var(--layout-gap) + var(--layout-gap))}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Block--aboutFullWidth{margin-left:calc(0px - var(--layout-col-2) - var(--layout-gap) - var(--layout-gap));margin-right:calc(0px - var(--layout-col-2) - var(--layout-gap) - var(--layout-gap));padding-left:calc(var(--layout-col-2) + var(--layout-gap) + var(--layout-gap));padding-right:calc(var(--layout-col-2) + var(--layout-gap) + var(--layout-gap))}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.Block--aboutFullWidth{margin-left:calc(0px - var(--layout-col-1) - var(--layout-gap) - var(--layout-gap));margin-right:calc(0px - var(--layout-col-1) - var(--layout-gap) - var(--layout-gap));padding-left:calc(var(--layout-col-1) + var(--layout-gap) + var(--layout-gap));padding-right:calc(var(--layout-col-1) + var(--layout-gap) + var(--layout-gap))}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Block--aboutFullWidth{margin-left:calc(0px - var(--layout-gap));margin-right:calc(0px - var(--layout-gap));padding-left:var(--layout-gap);padding-right:var(--layout-gap)}}.Block--aboutFullWidth:last-child,.Block--aboutFullWidth:nth-last-child(2)+p:empty{margin-bottom:calc(0px - var(--spacing-vertical-xl))}.Block--aboutFullWidth .Heading{margin-top:0}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p{font-weight:inherit;margin:0}button{-webkit-appearance:button;background:none;border:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0;overflow:visible;padding:0;text-transform:none}button:hover{cursor:pointer}fieldset{border:0;margin:0;min-width:0;padding:0}figure{margin:0}:after:focus:not(:focus-visible),:before:focus:not(:focus-visible),:focus:not(:focus-visible){outline:none}.Button:not(.Button--linkButton):focus-visible,.Link:not(.Link--linkType):focus-visible,.MessagesCarousel__dots__item:focus-visible,[class^=Card]:focus-visible{outline-offset:-4px;position:relative;z-index:1}.Button:not(.Button--linkButton):focus-visible *,.Link:not(.Link--linkType):focus-visible *,.MessagesCarousel__dots__item:focus-visible *,[class^=Card]:focus-visible *{z-index:-1}:not(input[type=text],textarea):focus-visible{outline:4px solid var(--sky50)}:not(input[type=text],textarea):focus-visible+.RadioInputList__checkmark{outline:4px solid var(--sky50)}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){:not(input[type=text],textarea):focus-visible+.RadioInputList__checkmark{outline:none}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){:not(input[type=text],textarea):focus-visible{outline:none}}.acc-hidden{clip:rect(0 0 0 0);border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,:after,:before{animation:none!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important}}.BypassBlock__firstEl{display:none}.BypassBlock__wrapper{align-items:center;background-color:var(--grey10);display:flex;height:1px;left:-1000px;outline:none;overflow:hidden;padding:8px 40px;position:absolute;text-align:left;top:-1000px;width:1px}.BypassBlock__wrapper:focus{height:auto;left:0;position:fixed;top:0;width:100%;z-index:99}.BypassBlock__wrapper:focus~#__nuxt{top:48px}.BypassBlock__wrapper:focus~#__nuxt .Ibar>.Ibar__journal--mix,.BypassBlock__wrapper:focus~#__nuxt .Ibar>.Ibar__main{top:47px}.BypassBlock__wrapper:focus~#__nuxt .Ibar>.Ibar__journal{top:112px}.BypassBlock__button{background-color:var(--blue50);border-radius:32px;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;line-height:1.2rem;padding:6px 16px}.BypassBlock__button,.TooltipD{color:var(--white);font-weight:500}.TooltipD{background:var(--black);border-radius:2px;box-shadow:0 0 2px #2828281f,0 0 1px #28282814,0 0 3px #2828280a;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.0625rem;max-width:360px;opacity:0;padding:3px 8px;position:fixed;transition:opacity .24s cubic-bezier(.37,.74,.15,1);width:auto;z-index:2000}.TooltipD:after{bottom:-10px;color:var(--black);content:"";font-family:Frontiers-Iconography-Next!important;font-size:16px;height:16px;position:absolute;right:calc(50% - 8px);width:16px}.TooltipD--bottom:after{bottom:auto;top:-10px;transform:rotate(180deg)}.TooltipD--right:after{right:12px}.TooltipD--left:after{left:12px;right:auto}.TooltipD--side.TooltipD--left:after{bottom:calc(50% - 8px);left:auto;right:-10px;transform:rotate(-90deg)}.TooltipD--side.TooltipD--right:after{bottom:calc(50% - 8px);left:-10px;right:auto;transform:rotate(90deg)}.FloatingDirectiveElement{--floating-element-margin:40px;bottom:0;margin:0;opacity:0;position:fixed;right:var(--floating-element-margin);transition:opacity .48s cubic-bezier(.37,.74,.15,1),visibility .48s cubic-bezier(.37,.74,.15,1),bottom .48s cubic-bezier(.37,.74,.15,1);visibility:hidden;z-index:30}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.FloatingDirectiveElement{--floating-element-margin:24px}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.FloatingDirectiveElement{--floating-element-margin:16px}}.FloatingDirectiveElement--visible{bottom:var(--floating-element-margin);opacity:1;visibility:visible}.FloatingDirectiveElement--left{left:var(--floating-element-margin);right:auto}.FloatingDirectiveElement--center{right:50%;transform:translate(50%)}.FloatingDirectiveElement--footerRelative{bottom:auto;position:absolute;top:calc(var(--floating-element-margin)*-1);transform:translateY(-100%)}.FloatingDirectiveElement--footerRelative.FloatingDirectiveElement--center{transform:translate(50%,-100%)}.Popover{--popover-offset:16px;--popover-arrow-offset:16px;--popover-translateX:0;--popover-translateY:0;background:var(--white);border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 0 10px #2828281f,0 0 14px #28282814,0 0 5px #2828280a;opacity:1;padding:28px 16px 16px;position:absolute;transform:translate(var(--popover-translateX),var(--popover-translateY));width:320px;z-index:11}@media screen and (max-width:400px){.Popover{width:calc(100% - 32px)}}.Popover--top{--popover-translateY:calc(-100% - var(--popover-offset))}.Popover--bottom{--popover-translateY:var(--popover-offset)}.Popover--bottom.Popover--acenter,.Popover--top.Popover--acenter{--popover-translateX:-50%}.Popover--bottom.Popover--aright,.Popover--top.Popover--aright{--popover-translateX:-100%}.Popover--left{--popover-translateX:calc(-100% - var(--popover-offset))}.Popover--right{--popover-translateX:var(--popover-offset)}.Popover--left.Popover--acenter,.Popover--right.Popover--acenter{--popover-translateY:-50%}.Popover--left.Popover--abottom,.Popover--right.Popover--abottom{--popover-translateY:-100%}.Popover__arrow{align-items:center;background-color:inherit;display:flex;height:0;justify-content:center;overflow:visible;position:absolute;width:0}.Popover__arrow:before{background-color:inherit;content:"";flex:0 0 auto;height:8px;transform:rotate(45deg);width:8px}.Popover__arrow--topcenter{bottom:0;left:50%}.Popover__arrow--topleft{bottom:0;left:var(--popover-arrow-offset)}.Popover__arrow--topright{bottom:0;right:var(--popover-arrow-offset)}.Popover__arrow--bottomcenter{left:50%;top:0}.Popover__arrow--bottomleft{left:var(--popover-arrow-offset);top:0}.Popover__arrow--bottomright{right:var(--popover-arrow-offset);top:0}.Popover__arrow--leftcenter{right:0;top:50%}.Popover__arrow--lefttop{right:0;top:var(--popover-arrow-offset)}.Popover__arrow--leftbottom{bottom:var(--popover-arrow-offset);right:0}.Popover__arrow--rightcenter{left:0;top:50%}.Popover__arrow--righttop{left:0;top:var(--popover-arrow-offset)}.Popover__arrow--rightbottom{bottom:var(--popover-arrow-offset);left:0}.Popover__close{display:grid;height:24px;place-items:center;position:absolute;right:4px;top:4px;width:24px}.Popover__close:after{color:var(--grey80);content:"";font-family:Frontiers-Iconography-Next!important;font-size:16px}.Popover__title{color:#282828;font-size:1rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.375rem}.Popover__content{color:#545454;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.25rem;max-height:220px;overflow:auto}.Popover__content::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;background:var(--white);height:12px;width:12px}.Popover__content::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background-color:#28282866;border:4px solid var(--white);border-radius:8px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px hsla(0,0%,100%,.5)}@-moz-document url-prefix(){.Popover__content{scrollbar-width:thin}}.Popover__content p{color:#545454;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.25rem}.Popover__content:last-child{margin-bottom:0}:root{--museo-font:MuseoSans,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;--ibar-bypass-offset:0px;font-size:16px} </style><style>:root{--ibar-protection-spacing:120px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){:root{--ibar-protection-spacing:48px}}body{background:#f7f7f7}.Layout{padding-top:var(--ibar-protection-spacing)}.Layout__body{margin-bottom:var(--spacing-vertical-xl);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:32px;width:var(--layout-col-20)}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.Layout__body{width:var(--layout-col-14)}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Layout__body{width:var(--layout-col-8)}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__body{margin-top:16px}}.Layout__body--mainAside{display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-between}@media only screen and (max-width:1441px){.Layout__body--mainAside{flex-wrap:wrap}}.Layout__main{width:var(--layout-col-15)}@media only screen and (max-width:1441px){.Layout__main{width:var(--layout-col-20)}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__main{width:100%}}.Layout__main--xs{width:var(--layout-col-12)}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.Layout__main--xs{width:var(--layout-col-13)}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__main--xs{width:100%}}.Layout__main .SearchBar__wrapper+h2{margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-sm)}.Layout__main .QuickFilters{margin-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__main .QuickFilters{margin-bottom:16px}}.Layout__main .QuickFilters__item{padding-top:0}.Layout__main .Breadcrumbs{margin-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__main .Breadcrumbs{margin-bottom:16px}}.Layout__main .Author__info{margin-left:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__main .Author__info{margin-left:24px}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Layout__main .Author__info{margin-left:0;margin-top:16px}}.Layout__section--sm{margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-sm)}.Layout__section--xl{margin-top:var(--spacing-vertical-xl)}.Layout__section h2{margin-top:0}.Layout__section__header{align-items:baseline;display:flex;gap:24px;margin:80px 0 32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__section__header{gap:16px;margin:64px 0 24px}}.Layout__section__header .Link__wrapper.Link__wrapper.Link__wrapper{margin-top:0}.Layout__aside{width:var(--layout-col-5)}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.Layout__aside{width:var(--layout-col-6)}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__aside{margin-top:64px;width:100%}}@media only screen and (max-width:1441px){.Layout__aside--home{display:grid;gap:var(--layout-gap);grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);margin-top:80px;width:100%}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__aside--home{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:48px;margin-top:64px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1441px){.Layout__aside--home .AsidePosts__image{width:56px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.Layout__aside--home .AsidePosts__image{width:48px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__aside--home .AsidePosts__image{width:var(--layout-col-3)}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.Layout__aside--home .AsidePosts__image{width:var(--layout-col-2)}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Layout__aside--home .AsidePosts__image{width:var(--layout-col-3)}}.Layout__aside__title{border-top:1px solid var(--grey40);color:#282828;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.375rem;margin-bottom:24px;margin-top:24px;padding-bottom:8px;padding-top:32px;position:relative}.Layout__aside__title:first-child{border-top:none;margin-top:0;padding-top:0}.Layout__aside__title:after{background:var(--grey80);bottom:0;content:"";height:2px;left:0;position:absolute;width:48px}.Layout__aside__divider{background:var(--grey40);height:1px;margin:24px 0 32px;width:100%}@media only screen and (max-width:1441px){.Layout__aside__divider{display:none}}.Layout__aside__posts{grid-column:1/3}@media only screen and (max-width:1441px){.Layout__aside__grid{-moz-column-gap:var(--layout-gap);column-gap:var(--layout-gap);display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Layout__aside__grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,1fr)}}.Layout__aside__categories{grid-column:3/4}.Layout__aside .SearchBar{height:48px}.Layout__aside .SearchBar__wrapper{margin-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.Layout__aside .SearchBar__wrapper{display:none}}.Layout__aside .SearchBar__input{font-size:1rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.375rem;margin:0 0 0 8px;padding:0}.Layout__aside .SearchBar__hint{font-size:.75rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.0625rem;margin-top:4px}.Layout__aside .SearchBar i{--icon-size:16px}.Layout__noData{color:#6b6b6b;font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75rem;padding-left:32px;position:relative}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Layout__noData{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem;padding-left:24px}}.Layout__noData:before{content:"";font-family:Frontiers-Iconography-Next!important;font-size:24px;left:0;position:absolute;top:1px}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.Layout__noData:before{font-size:16px;top:0}}.Layout .CardDownload__Authors{flex:1}.Layout .RadioInputList__checkmark{background:var(--black);border:none} </style><style>#__nuxt{position:relative} </style><style>.ErrorPage[data-v-dff08d6e]{align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin:0 auto;max-width:592px;padding:156px var(--layout-gap);width:100%}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.ErrorPage[data-v-dff08d6e]{padding:120px var(--layout-gap)}}.ErrorPage__icon[data-v-dff08d6e]{--error-icon-size:88px;height:var(--error-icon-size);position:relative;width:var(--error-icon-size)}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.ErrorPage__icon[data-v-dff08d6e]{--error-icon-size:64px}}.ErrorPage__icon[data-v-dff08d6e]:after{background:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-size:var(--error-icon-size) var(--error-icon-size);content:"";height:var(--error-icon-size);left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:var(--error-icon-size)}.ErrorPage__icon--internal[data-v-dff08d6e]:after{background:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)}.ErrorPage h1[data-v-dff08d6e]{font-size:2.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:3.5rem;margin:32px 0}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.ErrorPage h1[data-v-dff08d6e]{font-size:2rem;line-height:2.75rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.ErrorPage h1[data-v-dff08d6e]{margin:24px 0}}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.ErrorPage h1[data-v-dff08d6e]{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2.0625rem}}.ErrorPage p[data-v-dff08d6e]{font-size:1rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.375rem}.ErrorPage>.Button[data-v-dff08d6e],.ErrorPage>a[data-v-dff08d6e]{display:block;margin-top:24px}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.ErrorPage>.Button[data-v-dff08d6e],.ErrorPage>a[data-v-dff08d6e]{width:100%}}.ErrorPage .Button[data-v-dff08d6e]{color:#282828}.ErrorPage .Button[data-v-dff08d6e]:after{color:#282828;top:10px}@media only screen and (max-width:563px){.ErrorPage .Button[data-v-dff08d6e]{padding:8px 24px;width:100%}.ErrorPage .Button[data-v-dff08d6e]:after{margin-left:8px;position:relative;right:0;top:0}}.ErrorPage__debugInfo[data-v-dff08d6e]{word-wrap:break-word;background:var(--white);border:2px solid var(--grey80);border-radius:8px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;margin:24px 8px;overflow-x:auto;padding:16px;white-space:pre-wrap}.ErrorPage__debugInfo div[data-v-dff08d6e],.ErrorPage__debugInfo pre[data-v-dff08d6e]{font-size:1.4em;text-align:left}.ErrorPage__debugInfo label[data-v-dff08d6e]{font-size:1.1em;font-weight:500}.ErrorPage *[data-v-dff08d6e]{text-align:center} </style></head> <body ><div id="__nuxt"><h1 class="acc-hidden">Frontiers | Science News</h1><nav class="Ibar"><div class="Ibar__main"><div class="Ibar__wrapper"><button class="Ibar__burger" aria-label="Open Menu" data-event="iBar-btn-openMenu"></button><div class="Ibar__logo"><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/" aria-label="Frontiershome" data-event="iBar-a-home" class="Ibar__logo__link"><svg class="Ibar__logo__svg" viewBox="0 0 2811 590" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="Ibar__logo__text" d="M633.872 234.191h-42.674v-57.246h42.674c0-19.776 2.082-35.389 5.204-48.92 4.164-13.53 9.368-23.939 17.695-31.225 8.326-8.326 18.735-13.53 32.266-16.653 13.531-3.123 29.143-5.204 47.878-5.204h21.858c7.286 0 14.572 1.04 21.857 1.04v62.451c-8.326-1.041-16.653-2.082-23.939-2.082-10.408 0-17.694 1.041-23.939 4.164-6.245 3.122-9.368 10.408-9.368 22.898v13.531h53.083v57.246h-53.083v213.372h-89.512V234.191zM794.161 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.041c6.245-17.694 16.653-30.185 31.225-39.552 14.572-9.368 31.225-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.409c3.122 0 7.286 1.041 10.408 2.082v81.185c-6.245-2.082-11.449-3.122-16.653-4.163-5.204-1.041-11.449-1.041-16.654-1.041-11.449 0-20.816 2.082-29.143 5.204-8.327 3.123-15.613 8.327-20.817 14.572-5.204 6.245-10.408 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.123 8.326-4.163 15.612-4.163 23.939v133.228h-88.472V176.945h-1.041zM989.84 312.254c0-19.776 3.122-39.552 10.41-56.205 7.28-17.695 16.65-32.266 29.14-45.797 12.49-13.531 27.06-22.899 44.76-30.185 17.69-7.285 36.43-11.449 57.24-11.449 20.82 0 39.56 4.164 57.25 11.449 17.69 7.286 32.27 17.695 45.8 30.185 12.49 12.49 22.9 28.102 29.14 45.797 7.29 17.694 10.41 36.429 10.41 56.205 0 20.817-3.12 39.552-10.41 57.246-7.29 17.695-16.65 32.266-29.14 44.756-12.49 12.49-28.11 22.899-45.8 30.185-17.69 7.286-36.43 11.449-57.25 11.449-20.81 0-40.59-4.163-57.24-11.449-17.7-7.286-32.27-17.695-44.76-30.185-12.49-12.49-21.86-28.102-29.14-44.756-7.288-17.694-10.41-36.429-10.41-57.246zm88.47 0c0 8.327 1.04 17.694 3.12 26.021 2.09 9.368 5.21 16.653 9.37 23.939 4.16 7.286 9.37 13.531 16.65 17.695 7.29 4.163 15.62 7.285 26.03 7.285 10.4 0 18.73-2.081 26.02-7.285 7.28-4.164 12.49-10.409 16.65-17.695 4.16-7.286 7.29-15.612 9.37-23.939 2.08-9.368 3.12-17.694 3.12-26.021 0-8.327-1.04-17.694-3.12-26.021-2.08-9.368-5.21-16.653-9.37-23.939-4.16-7.286-9.37-13.531-16.65-17.695-7.29-5.204-15.62-7.285-26.02-7.285-10.41 0-18.74 2.081-26.03 7.285-7.28 5.205-12.49 10.409-16.65 17.695-4.16 7.286-7.28 15.612-9.37 23.939-2.08 9.368-3.12 17.694-3.12 26.021zM1306.25 176.945h86.39v37.47h1.04c4.17-7.286 9.37-13.531 15.62-18.735 6.24-5.204 13.53-10.408 20.81-14.572 7.29-4.163 15.62-7.286 23.94-9.367 8.33-2.082 16.66-3.123 24.98-3.123 22.9 0 40.6 4.164 53.09 11.449 13.53 7.286 22.89 16.654 29.14 27.062 6.24 10.409 10.41 21.858 12.49 34.348 2.08 12.49 2.08 22.898 2.08 33.307v172.779h-88.47V316.417v-27.061c0-9.368-1.04-16.654-4.16-23.94-3.13-7.286-7.29-12.49-13.53-16.653-6.25-4.164-15.62-6.245-27.07-6.245-8.32 0-15.61 2.081-21.85 5.204-6.25 3.122-11.45 7.286-14.58 13.531-4.16 5.204-6.24 11.449-8.32 18.735s-3.12 14.572-3.12 21.858v145.717h-88.48V176.945zM1780.88 234.19h-55.17v122.819c0 10.408 3.12 17.694 8.33 20.817 6.24 3.122 13.53 5.204 22.9 5.204 4.16 0 7.28 0 11.45-1.041h11.45v65.573c-8.33 0-15.62 1.041-23.94 2.082-8.33 1.04-16.66 1.041-23.94 1.041-18.74 0-34.35-2.082-46.84-5.205-12.49-3.122-21.86-8.326-29.14-15.612-7.29-7.286-12.49-16.654-14.58-29.144-3.12-12.49-4.16-27.062-4.16-45.797V234.19h-44.76v-57.246h44.76V94.717h88.47v82.227h55.17v57.246zM1902.66 143.639h-88.48V75.984h88.48v67.655zm-89.52 33.307h88.48v270.618h-88.48V176.946zM2024.43 334.111c1.04 18.735 6.25 33.307 16.66 44.756 10.4 11.449 24.98 16.653 43.71 16.653 10.41 0 20.82-2.081 30.19-7.286 9.36-5.204 16.65-12.49 20.81-22.898h83.27c-4.16 15.613-10.41 29.144-19.78 40.593-9.36 11.449-19.77 20.817-31.22 28.102-12.49 7.286-24.98 12.491-39.55 16.654-14.57 3.122-29.15 5.204-43.72 5.204-21.86 0-41.63-3.122-60.37-9.367-18.73-6.246-34.34-15.613-46.83-28.103-12.49-12.49-22.9-27.062-30.19-45.797-7.28-17.694-10.41-38.511-10.41-60.369 0-20.817 4.17-39.552 11.45-57.246 7.29-17.694 17.7-32.266 31.23-44.756 13.53-12.49 29.14-21.858 46.83-29.144 17.7-7.286 36.43-10.408 56.21-10.408 23.94 0 45.8 4.163 63.49 12.49 17.7 8.327 33.31 19.776 44.76 35.389 11.45 15.612 20.81 32.266 26.02 52.042 5.2 19.776 8.33 41.633 7.28 64.532h-199.84v-1.041zm110.33-49.961c-1.04-15.612-6.24-28.102-15.61-39.551-9.37-10.409-21.86-16.654-37.47-16.654s-28.1 5.204-38.51 15.613c-10.41 10.408-16.66 23.939-18.74 40.592h110.33zM2254.46 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.04c6.25-17.694 16.65-30.185 31.23-39.552 14.57-9.368 31.22-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.4c3.13 0 7.29 1.041 10.41 2.082v81.185c-6.24-2.082-11.45-3.122-16.65-4.163-5.21-1.041-11.45-1.041-16.65-1.041-11.45 0-20.82 2.082-29.15 5.204-8.32 3.123-15.61 8.327-20.81 14.572-6.25 6.245-10.41 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.13 8.326-4.17 15.612-4.17 23.939v133.228h-88.47V176.945h-1.04zM2534.45 359.091c0 7.286 1.04 12.49 4.16 17.694 3.12 5.204 6.24 9.368 10.41 12.49 4.16 3.123 9.36 5.204 14.57 7.286 6.24 2.082 11.45 2.082 17.69 2.082 4.17 0 8.33 0 13.53-2.082 5.21-1.041 9.37-3.123 13.53-5.204 4.17-2.082 7.29-5.204 10.41-9.368 3.13-4.163 4.17-8.327 4.17-13.531 0-5.204-2.09-9.367-5.21-12.49-3.12-3.122-7.28-6.245-11.45-8.327-4.16-2.081-9.36-4.163-14.57-5.204-5.2-1.041-9.37-2.081-13.53-3.122-13.53-3.123-28.1-6.245-42.67-9.368-14.58-3.122-28.11-7.286-40.6-12.49-12.49-6.245-22.9-13.531-30.18-23.939-8.33-10.409-11.45-23.94-11.45-42.675 0-16.653 4.16-30.184 11.45-40.592 8.33-10.409 17.69-18.736 30.18-24.981 12.49-6.245 26.02-10.408 40.6-13.53 14.57-3.123 28.1-4.164 41.63-4.164 14.57 0 29.14 1.041 43.71 4.164 14.58 2.081 27.07 7.285 39.56 13.53 12.49 6.245 21.85 15.613 29.14 27.062 7.29 11.45 11.45 26.021 12.49 43.716h-82.23c0-10.409-4.16-18.736-11.45-23.94-7.28-4.163-16.65-7.286-28.1-7.286-4.16 0-8.32 0-12.49 1.041-4.16 1.041-8.32 1.041-12.49 2.082-4.16 1.041-7.28 3.122-9.37 6.245-2.08 3.122-4.16 6.245-4.16 11.449 0 6.245 3.12 11.449 10.41 15.613 6.24 4.163 14.57 7.286 24.98 10.408 10.41 2.082 20.82 5.204 32.27 7.286 11.44 2.082 22.89 4.163 33.3 6.245 13.53 3.123 24.98 7.286 33.31 13.531 9.37 6.245 15.61 12.49 20.82 19.776 5.2 7.286 9.36 14.572 11.45 21.858 2.08 7.285 3.12 13.53 3.12 19.776 0 17.694-4.17 33.306-11.45 45.796-8.33 12.491-17.7 21.858-30.19 30.185-12.49 7.286-26.02 12.49-41.63 16.653-15.61 3.123-31.22 5.204-45.8 5.204-15.61 0-32.26-1.04-47.87-4.163-15.62-3.122-29.15-8.327-41.64-15.612a83.855 83.855 0 01-30.18-30.185c-8.33-12.49-12.49-28.102-12.49-46.838h84.31v-2.081z" fill="#FFFFFF"></path><path d="M0 481.911V281.028l187.351-58.287v200.882L0 481.911z" fill="#8BC53F"></path><path d="M187.351 423.623V222.741l126.983 87.431v200.882l-126.983-87.431z" fill="#EBD417"></path><path d="M126.982 569.341L0 481.911l187.351-58.287 126.983 87.43-187.352 58.287z" fill="#034EA1"></path><path d="M183.188 212.331l51.001-116.574 65.573 155.085-51.001 116.574-65.573-155.085z" fill="#712E74"></path><path d="M248.761 367.415l51.001-116.574 171.739-28.102-49.96 115.533-172.78 29.143z" fill="#009FD1"></path><path d="M299.762 250.842L234.189 95.757l171.739-28.103 65.573 155.085-171.739 28.103z" fill="#F6921E"></path><path d="M187.352 222.741L59.328 198.802 44.757 71.819 172.78 95.76l14.572 126.982z" fill="#DA2128"></path><path d="M172.78 95.758L44.757 71.818l70.777-70.776 128.023 23.94-70.777 70.776z" fill="#25BCBD"></path><path d="M258.129 153.005l-70.777 69.736-14.571-126.982 70.777-70.778 14.571 128.024z" fill="#00844A"></path></svg></a></div><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news" class="Ibar__journalName" data-event="iBar-a-journalHome"><div class="Ibar__journalName__container" logoclass="Ibar__logo--mixed"><div class="Ibar__journal__maskLogo" style="display:none;"><img class="Ibar__journal__logo" src></div><div class="Ibar__journalName"><span>Science news</span></div></div></a><div class="Ibar__dropdown--aboutUs" parent-data-event="iBar"><div class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> About us</button><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title" aria-label="Close Dropdown">About us</button><button class="Ibar__close" aria-label="Close Dropdown"></button></div><div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Who we are</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/mission" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Mission and values</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/history" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">History</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/leadership" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Leadership</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/awards" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Awards</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Impact and progress</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/impact" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">Frontiers' impact</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://progressreport.frontiersin.org/?utm_source=fweb&utm_medium=frep&utm_campaign=pr20" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">Progress Report 2022</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/progress-reports" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">All progress reports</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Publishing model</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/how-we-publish" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">How we publish</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Open access</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/fee-policy" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Fee policy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/peer-review" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Peer review</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-integrity" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Research integrity</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-topics" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Research Topics</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Services</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://publishingpartnerships.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Societies</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/open-access-agreements/consortia" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">National consortia</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access-agreements" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Institutional partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/collaborators" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Collaborators</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">More from Frontiers</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://forum.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Frontiers Forum</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersplanetprize.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Frontiers Planet Prize</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://pressoffice.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Press office</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.orgabout/sustainability" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Sustainability</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://careers.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Career opportunities</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/contact" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Contact us</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals" data-event="iBar-a-allJournals">All journals</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles" data-event="iBar-a-allArticles">All articles</a><a class="Ibar__button Ibar__submit" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit" data-event="iBar-a-submit">Submit your research</a><div class="Ibar__spacer"></div><a class="Ibar__icon Ibar__icon--search" href="//www.frontiersin.org/news/all" aria-label="Search" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-search"><span>Search news</span></a><div class="Ibar__userArea"></div></div></div><div><div class="Ibar__menu Ibar__menu--journal"><div class="Ibar__menu__header"><div class="Ibar__logo"><div class="Ibar__logo"><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/" aria-label="Frontiershome" data-event="iBar-a-home" class="Ibar__logo__link"><svg class="Ibar__logo__svg" viewBox="0 0 2811 590" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="Ibar__logo__text" d="M633.872 234.191h-42.674v-57.246h42.674c0-19.776 2.082-35.389 5.204-48.92 4.164-13.53 9.368-23.939 17.695-31.225 8.326-8.326 18.735-13.53 32.266-16.653 13.531-3.123 29.143-5.204 47.878-5.204h21.858c7.286 0 14.572 1.04 21.857 1.04v62.451c-8.326-1.041-16.653-2.082-23.939-2.082-10.408 0-17.694 1.041-23.939 4.164-6.245 3.122-9.368 10.408-9.368 22.898v13.531h53.083v57.246h-53.083v213.372h-89.512V234.191zM794.161 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.041c6.245-17.694 16.653-30.185 31.225-39.552 14.572-9.368 31.225-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.409c3.122 0 7.286 1.041 10.408 2.082v81.185c-6.245-2.082-11.449-3.122-16.653-4.163-5.204-1.041-11.449-1.041-16.654-1.041-11.449 0-20.816 2.082-29.143 5.204-8.327 3.123-15.613 8.327-20.817 14.572-5.204 6.245-10.408 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.123 8.326-4.163 15.612-4.163 23.939v133.228h-88.472V176.945h-1.041zM989.84 312.254c0-19.776 3.122-39.552 10.41-56.205 7.28-17.695 16.65-32.266 29.14-45.797 12.49-13.531 27.06-22.899 44.76-30.185 17.69-7.285 36.43-11.449 57.24-11.449 20.82 0 39.56 4.164 57.25 11.449 17.69 7.286 32.27 17.695 45.8 30.185 12.49 12.49 22.9 28.102 29.14 45.797 7.29 17.694 10.41 36.429 10.41 56.205 0 20.817-3.12 39.552-10.41 57.246-7.29 17.695-16.65 32.266-29.14 44.756-12.49 12.49-28.11 22.899-45.8 30.185-17.69 7.286-36.43 11.449-57.25 11.449-20.81 0-40.59-4.163-57.24-11.449-17.7-7.286-32.27-17.695-44.76-30.185-12.49-12.49-21.86-28.102-29.14-44.756-7.288-17.694-10.41-36.429-10.41-57.246zm88.47 0c0 8.327 1.04 17.694 3.12 26.021 2.09 9.368 5.21 16.653 9.37 23.939 4.16 7.286 9.37 13.531 16.65 17.695 7.29 4.163 15.62 7.285 26.03 7.285 10.4 0 18.73-2.081 26.02-7.285 7.28-4.164 12.49-10.409 16.65-17.695 4.16-7.286 7.29-15.612 9.37-23.939 2.08-9.368 3.12-17.694 3.12-26.021 0-8.327-1.04-17.694-3.12-26.021-2.08-9.368-5.21-16.653-9.37-23.939-4.16-7.286-9.37-13.531-16.65-17.695-7.29-5.204-15.62-7.285-26.02-7.285-10.41 0-18.74 2.081-26.03 7.285-7.28 5.205-12.49 10.409-16.65 17.695-4.16 7.286-7.28 15.612-9.37 23.939-2.08 9.368-3.12 17.694-3.12 26.021zM1306.25 176.945h86.39v37.47h1.04c4.17-7.286 9.37-13.531 15.62-18.735 6.24-5.204 13.53-10.408 20.81-14.572 7.29-4.163 15.62-7.286 23.94-9.367 8.33-2.082 16.66-3.123 24.98-3.123 22.9 0 40.6 4.164 53.09 11.449 13.53 7.286 22.89 16.654 29.14 27.062 6.24 10.409 10.41 21.858 12.49 34.348 2.08 12.49 2.08 22.898 2.08 33.307v172.779h-88.47V316.417v-27.061c0-9.368-1.04-16.654-4.16-23.94-3.13-7.286-7.29-12.49-13.53-16.653-6.25-4.164-15.62-6.245-27.07-6.245-8.32 0-15.61 2.081-21.85 5.204-6.25 3.122-11.45 7.286-14.58 13.531-4.16 5.204-6.24 11.449-8.32 18.735s-3.12 14.572-3.12 21.858v145.717h-88.48V176.945zM1780.88 234.19h-55.17v122.819c0 10.408 3.12 17.694 8.33 20.817 6.24 3.122 13.53 5.204 22.9 5.204 4.16 0 7.28 0 11.45-1.041h11.45v65.573c-8.33 0-15.62 1.041-23.94 2.082-8.33 1.04-16.66 1.041-23.94 1.041-18.74 0-34.35-2.082-46.84-5.205-12.49-3.122-21.86-8.326-29.14-15.612-7.29-7.286-12.49-16.654-14.58-29.144-3.12-12.49-4.16-27.062-4.16-45.797V234.19h-44.76v-57.246h44.76V94.717h88.47v82.227h55.17v57.246zM1902.66 143.639h-88.48V75.984h88.48v67.655zm-89.52 33.307h88.48v270.618h-88.48V176.946zM2024.43 334.111c1.04 18.735 6.25 33.307 16.66 44.756 10.4 11.449 24.98 16.653 43.71 16.653 10.41 0 20.82-2.081 30.19-7.286 9.36-5.204 16.65-12.49 20.81-22.898h83.27c-4.16 15.613-10.41 29.144-19.78 40.593-9.36 11.449-19.77 20.817-31.22 28.102-12.49 7.286-24.98 12.491-39.55 16.654-14.57 3.122-29.15 5.204-43.72 5.204-21.86 0-41.63-3.122-60.37-9.367-18.73-6.246-34.34-15.613-46.83-28.103-12.49-12.49-22.9-27.062-30.19-45.797-7.28-17.694-10.41-38.511-10.41-60.369 0-20.817 4.17-39.552 11.45-57.246 7.29-17.694 17.7-32.266 31.23-44.756 13.53-12.49 29.14-21.858 46.83-29.144 17.7-7.286 36.43-10.408 56.21-10.408 23.94 0 45.8 4.163 63.49 12.49 17.7 8.327 33.31 19.776 44.76 35.389 11.45 15.612 20.81 32.266 26.02 52.042 5.2 19.776 8.33 41.633 7.28 64.532h-199.84v-1.041zm110.33-49.961c-1.04-15.612-6.24-28.102-15.61-39.551-9.37-10.409-21.86-16.654-37.47-16.654s-28.1 5.204-38.51 15.613c-10.41 10.408-16.66 23.939-18.74 40.592h110.33zM2254.46 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.04c6.25-17.694 16.65-30.185 31.23-39.552 14.57-9.368 31.22-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.4c3.13 0 7.29 1.041 10.41 2.082v81.185c-6.24-2.082-11.45-3.122-16.65-4.163-5.21-1.041-11.45-1.041-16.65-1.041-11.45 0-20.82 2.082-29.15 5.204-8.32 3.123-15.61 8.327-20.81 14.572-6.25 6.245-10.41 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.13 8.326-4.17 15.612-4.17 23.939v133.228h-88.47V176.945h-1.04zM2534.45 359.091c0 7.286 1.04 12.49 4.16 17.694 3.12 5.204 6.24 9.368 10.41 12.49 4.16 3.123 9.36 5.204 14.57 7.286 6.24 2.082 11.45 2.082 17.69 2.082 4.17 0 8.33 0 13.53-2.082 5.21-1.041 9.37-3.123 13.53-5.204 4.17-2.082 7.29-5.204 10.41-9.368 3.13-4.163 4.17-8.327 4.17-13.531 0-5.204-2.09-9.367-5.21-12.49-3.12-3.122-7.28-6.245-11.45-8.327-4.16-2.081-9.36-4.163-14.57-5.204-5.2-1.041-9.37-2.081-13.53-3.122-13.53-3.123-28.1-6.245-42.67-9.368-14.58-3.122-28.11-7.286-40.6-12.49-12.49-6.245-22.9-13.531-30.18-23.939-8.33-10.409-11.45-23.94-11.45-42.675 0-16.653 4.16-30.184 11.45-40.592 8.33-10.409 17.69-18.736 30.18-24.981 12.49-6.245 26.02-10.408 40.6-13.53 14.57-3.123 28.1-4.164 41.63-4.164 14.57 0 29.14 1.041 43.71 4.164 14.58 2.081 27.07 7.285 39.56 13.53 12.49 6.245 21.85 15.613 29.14 27.062 7.29 11.45 11.45 26.021 12.49 43.716h-82.23c0-10.409-4.16-18.736-11.45-23.94-7.28-4.163-16.65-7.286-28.1-7.286-4.16 0-8.32 0-12.49 1.041-4.16 1.041-8.32 1.041-12.49 2.082-4.16 1.041-7.28 3.122-9.37 6.245-2.08 3.122-4.16 6.245-4.16 11.449 0 6.245 3.12 11.449 10.41 15.613 6.24 4.163 14.57 7.286 24.98 10.408 10.41 2.082 20.82 5.204 32.27 7.286 11.44 2.082 22.89 4.163 33.3 6.245 13.53 3.123 24.98 7.286 33.31 13.531 9.37 6.245 15.61 12.49 20.82 19.776 5.2 7.286 9.36 14.572 11.45 21.858 2.08 7.285 3.12 13.53 3.12 19.776 0 17.694-4.17 33.306-11.45 45.796-8.33 12.491-17.7 21.858-30.19 30.185-12.49 7.286-26.02 12.49-41.63 16.653-15.61 3.123-31.22 5.204-45.8 5.204-15.61 0-32.26-1.04-47.87-4.163-15.62-3.122-29.15-8.327-41.64-15.612a83.855 83.855 0 01-30.18-30.185c-8.33-12.49-12.49-28.102-12.49-46.838h84.31v-2.081z" fill="#FFFFFF"></path><path d="M0 481.911V281.028l187.351-58.287v200.882L0 481.911z" fill="#8BC53F"></path><path d="M187.351 423.623V222.741l126.983 87.431v200.882l-126.983-87.431z" fill="#EBD417"></path><path d="M126.982 569.341L0 481.911l187.351-58.287 126.983 87.43-187.352 58.287z" fill="#034EA1"></path><path d="M183.188 212.331l51.001-116.574 65.573 155.085-51.001 116.574-65.573-155.085z" fill="#712E74"></path><path d="M248.761 367.415l51.001-116.574 171.739-28.102-49.96 115.533-172.78 29.143z" fill="#009FD1"></path><path d="M299.762 250.842L234.189 95.757l171.739-28.103 65.573 155.085-171.739 28.103z" fill="#F6921E"></path><path d="M187.352 222.741L59.328 198.802 44.757 71.819 172.78 95.76l14.572 126.982z" fill="#DA2128"></path><path d="M172.78 95.758L44.757 71.818l70.777-70.776 128.023 23.94-70.777 70.776z" fill="#25BCBD"></path><path d="M258.129 153.005l-70.777 69.736-14.571-126.982 70.777-70.778 14.571 128.024z" fill="#00844A"></path></svg></a></div></div><button class="Ibar__close" aria-label="Close Menu" data-event="iBarMenu-btn-closeMenu"></button></div><div class="Ibar__menu__wrapper"><div class="Ibar__menu__journal"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news" data-event="iBarMenu-a-journalHome"><div class="Ibar__journalName__container"><div class="Ibar__journal__maskLogo" style="display:none;"><img class="Ibar__journal__logo" src></div><div class="Ibar__journalName"><span>Science news</span></div></div></a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/research-news" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-researchNews">Research news</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/frontiers-updates" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-frontiersUpdates">Frontiers updates</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/open-science" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-openScience">Open science</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://pressoffice.frontiersin.org/download-assets" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-a-pressAssets">Press assets</a><div parent-data-event="iBarMenu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> All categories</button><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title" aria-label="Close Dropdown">All categories</button><button class="Ibar__close" aria-label="Close Dropdown"></button></div><div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/mind-and-body" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_mindAndBody">Mind and body</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/health" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_health">Health</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/humanities" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_humanities">Humanities</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/life-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_lifeSciences">Life sciences</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/microbiome" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_microbiome">Microbiome</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/neuroscience" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_neuroscience">Neuroscience</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/psychiatry" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_5-a_psychiatry">Psychiatry</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/psychology" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_6-a_psychology">Psychology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/social-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_7-a_socialScience">Social science</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/earth-and-beyond" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_earthAndBeyond">Earth and beyond</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/climate-action" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_climateAction">Climate action</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/earth-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_earthScience">Earth science</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/environment" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_environment">Environment</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/space-sciences-astronomy" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_spaceSciencesAndAs">Space sciences and astronomy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/sustainability" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_sustainability">Sustainability</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/future-tech" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_futureTech">Future tech</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/engineering" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_engineering">Engineering</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/robotics-and-ai" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_roboticsAndAi">Robotics and AI</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/frontiers-updates" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_frontiersUpdates">Frontiers updates</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/frontiers-announcements" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_frontiersNews">Frontiers news</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/impact-analysis" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_impactAnalysis">Impact analysis</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/institutional-partnership" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_institutionalPartn">Institutional partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/publishing-partnerships" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_publishingPartners">Publishing partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/society-journal-news" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_societyJournalNews">Society journal news</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/open-science" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_openScience">Open science</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/ebooks" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_eBooks">eBooks</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/open-science-and-peer-review" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_openScienceAndPeer">Open science and peer review</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/open-science-policy" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_openSciencePolicy">Open science policy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/research-topics" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_researchTopics">Research Topics</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/young-minds" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_youngMinds">Young Minds</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="Ibar__dropdown--aboutUs" parent-data-event="iBarMenu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> About us</button><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title" aria-label="Close Dropdown">About us</button><button class="Ibar__close" aria-label="Close Dropdown"></button></div><div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Who we are</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/mission" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Mission and values</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/history" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">History</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/leadership" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Leadership</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/awards" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Awards</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Impact and progress</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/impact" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">Frontiers' impact</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://progressreport.frontiersin.org/?utm_source=fweb&utm_medium=frep&utm_campaign=pr20" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">Progress Report 2022</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/progress-reports" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">All progress reports</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Publishing model</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/how-we-publish" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">How we publish</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Open access</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/fee-policy" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Fee policy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/peer-review" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Peer review</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-integrity" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Research integrity</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-topics" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Research Topics</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Services</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://publishingpartnerships.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Societies</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/open-access-agreements/consortia" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">National consortia</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access-agreements" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Institutional partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/collaborators" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Collaborators</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">More from Frontiers</li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://forum.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Frontiers Forum</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersplanetprize.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Frontiers Planet Prize</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://pressoffice.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Press office</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.orgabout/sustainability" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Sustainability</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://careers.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Career opportunities</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/contact" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Contact us</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals" data-event="iBar-a-allJournals">All journals</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles" data-event="iBar-a-allArticles">All articles</a><a class="Ibar__button Ibar__submit" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit" data-event="iBarMenu-a-submit">Submit your research</a></div></div></div><div class="Ibar__journal Ibar__journal--main"><div class="Ibar__wrapper Ibar__wrapper--journal"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news" class="Ibar__journalName" data-event="iBarJournal-a-journalHome"><div class="Ibar__journalName__container"><div class="Ibar__journal__maskLogo" style="display:none;"><img class="Ibar__journal__logo" src></div><div class="Ibar__journalName"><span>Science news</span></div></div></a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/research-news" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-researchNews">Research news</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/frontiers-updates" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-frontiersUpdates">Frontiers updates</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/open-science" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-openScience">Open science</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://pressoffice.frontiersin.org/download-assets" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-a-pressAssets">Press assets</a><div parent-data-event="iBarJournal"><div class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> All categories</button><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title" aria-label="Close Dropdown">All categories</button><button class="Ibar__close" aria-label="Close Dropdown"></button></div><div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/mind-and-body" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_mindAndBody">Mind and body</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/health" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_health">Health</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/humanities" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_humanities">Humanities</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/life-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_lifeSciences">Life sciences</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/microbiome" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_microbiome">Microbiome</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/neuroscience" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_neuroscience">Neuroscience</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/psychiatry" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_5-a_psychiatry">Psychiatry</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/psychology" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_6-a_psychology">Psychology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/social-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_7-a_socialScience">Social science</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/earth-and-beyond" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_earthAndBeyond">Earth and beyond</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/climate-action" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_climateAction">Climate action</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/earth-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_earthScience">Earth science</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/environment" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_environment">Environment</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/space-sciences-astronomy" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_spaceSciencesAndAs">Space sciences and astronomy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/sustainability" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_sustainability">Sustainability</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/future-tech" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_futureTech">Future tech</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/engineering" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_engineering">Engineering</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/robotics-and-ai" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_roboticsAndAi">Robotics and AI</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/frontiers-updates" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_frontiersUpdates">Frontiers updates</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/frontiers-announcements" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_frontiersNews">Frontiers news</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/impact-analysis" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_impactAnalysis">Impact analysis</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/institutional-partnership" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_institutionalPartn">Institutional partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/publishing-partnerships" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_publishingPartners">Publishing partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/society-journal-news" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_societyJournalNews">Society journal news</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/open-science" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_openScience">Open science</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/ebooks" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_eBooks">eBooks</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/open-science-and-peer-review" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_openScienceAndPeer">Open science and peer review</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/open-science-policy" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_openSciencePolicy">Open science policy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/research-topics" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_researchTopics">Research Topics</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/young-minds" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_youngMinds">Young Minds</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="Ibar__spacer"></div></div></div><div class="Ibar__journal Ibar__journal--mix"><div class="Ibar__wrapper Ibar__wrapper--journal"><div class="Ibar__logo"><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/" aria-label="Frontiershome" data-event="iBar-a-home" class="Ibar__logo__link"><svg class="Ibar__logo__svg" viewBox="0 0 2811 590" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="Ibar__logo__text" d="M633.872 234.191h-42.674v-57.246h42.674c0-19.776 2.082-35.389 5.204-48.92 4.164-13.53 9.368-23.939 17.695-31.225 8.326-8.326 18.735-13.53 32.266-16.653 13.531-3.123 29.143-5.204 47.878-5.204h21.858c7.286 0 14.572 1.04 21.857 1.04v62.451c-8.326-1.041-16.653-2.082-23.939-2.082-10.408 0-17.694 1.041-23.939 4.164-6.245 3.122-9.368 10.408-9.368 22.898v13.531h53.083v57.246h-53.083v213.372h-89.512V234.191zM794.161 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.041c6.245-17.694 16.653-30.185 31.225-39.552 14.572-9.368 31.225-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.409c3.122 0 7.286 1.041 10.408 2.082v81.185c-6.245-2.082-11.449-3.122-16.653-4.163-5.204-1.041-11.449-1.041-16.654-1.041-11.449 0-20.816 2.082-29.143 5.204-8.327 3.123-15.613 8.327-20.817 14.572-5.204 6.245-10.408 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.123 8.326-4.163 15.612-4.163 23.939v133.228h-88.472V176.945h-1.041zM989.84 312.254c0-19.776 3.122-39.552 10.41-56.205 7.28-17.695 16.65-32.266 29.14-45.797 12.49-13.531 27.06-22.899 44.76-30.185 17.69-7.285 36.43-11.449 57.24-11.449 20.82 0 39.56 4.164 57.25 11.449 17.69 7.286 32.27 17.695 45.8 30.185 12.49 12.49 22.9 28.102 29.14 45.797 7.29 17.694 10.41 36.429 10.41 56.205 0 20.817-3.12 39.552-10.41 57.246-7.29 17.695-16.65 32.266-29.14 44.756-12.49 12.49-28.11 22.899-45.8 30.185-17.69 7.286-36.43 11.449-57.25 11.449-20.81 0-40.59-4.163-57.24-11.449-17.7-7.286-32.27-17.695-44.76-30.185-12.49-12.49-21.86-28.102-29.14-44.756-7.288-17.694-10.41-36.429-10.41-57.246zm88.47 0c0 8.327 1.04 17.694 3.12 26.021 2.09 9.368 5.21 16.653 9.37 23.939 4.16 7.286 9.37 13.531 16.65 17.695 7.29 4.163 15.62 7.285 26.03 7.285 10.4 0 18.73-2.081 26.02-7.285 7.28-4.164 12.49-10.409 16.65-17.695 4.16-7.286 7.29-15.612 9.37-23.939 2.08-9.368 3.12-17.694 3.12-26.021 0-8.327-1.04-17.694-3.12-26.021-2.08-9.368-5.21-16.653-9.37-23.939-4.16-7.286-9.37-13.531-16.65-17.695-7.29-5.204-15.62-7.285-26.02-7.285-10.41 0-18.74 2.081-26.03 7.285-7.28 5.205-12.49 10.409-16.65 17.695-4.16 7.286-7.28 15.612-9.37 23.939-2.08 9.368-3.12 17.694-3.12 26.021zM1306.25 176.945h86.39v37.47h1.04c4.17-7.286 9.37-13.531 15.62-18.735 6.24-5.204 13.53-10.408 20.81-14.572 7.29-4.163 15.62-7.286 23.94-9.367 8.33-2.082 16.66-3.123 24.98-3.123 22.9 0 40.6 4.164 53.09 11.449 13.53 7.286 22.89 16.654 29.14 27.062 6.24 10.409 10.41 21.858 12.49 34.348 2.08 12.49 2.08 22.898 2.08 33.307v172.779h-88.47V316.417v-27.061c0-9.368-1.04-16.654-4.16-23.94-3.13-7.286-7.29-12.49-13.53-16.653-6.25-4.164-15.62-6.245-27.07-6.245-8.32 0-15.61 2.081-21.85 5.204-6.25 3.122-11.45 7.286-14.58 13.531-4.16 5.204-6.24 11.449-8.32 18.735s-3.12 14.572-3.12 21.858v145.717h-88.48V176.945zM1780.88 234.19h-55.17v122.819c0 10.408 3.12 17.694 8.33 20.817 6.24 3.122 13.53 5.204 22.9 5.204 4.16 0 7.28 0 11.45-1.041h11.45v65.573c-8.33 0-15.62 1.041-23.94 2.082-8.33 1.04-16.66 1.041-23.94 1.041-18.74 0-34.35-2.082-46.84-5.205-12.49-3.122-21.86-8.326-29.14-15.612-7.29-7.286-12.49-16.654-14.58-29.144-3.12-12.49-4.16-27.062-4.16-45.797V234.19h-44.76v-57.246h44.76V94.717h88.47v82.227h55.17v57.246zM1902.66 143.639h-88.48V75.984h88.48v67.655zm-89.52 33.307h88.48v270.618h-88.48V176.946zM2024.43 334.111c1.04 18.735 6.25 33.307 16.66 44.756 10.4 11.449 24.98 16.653 43.71 16.653 10.41 0 20.82-2.081 30.19-7.286 9.36-5.204 16.65-12.49 20.81-22.898h83.27c-4.16 15.613-10.41 29.144-19.78 40.593-9.36 11.449-19.77 20.817-31.22 28.102-12.49 7.286-24.98 12.491-39.55 16.654-14.57 3.122-29.15 5.204-43.72 5.204-21.86 0-41.63-3.122-60.37-9.367-18.73-6.246-34.34-15.613-46.83-28.103-12.49-12.49-22.9-27.062-30.19-45.797-7.28-17.694-10.41-38.511-10.41-60.369 0-20.817 4.17-39.552 11.45-57.246 7.29-17.694 17.7-32.266 31.23-44.756 13.53-12.49 29.14-21.858 46.83-29.144 17.7-7.286 36.43-10.408 56.21-10.408 23.94 0 45.8 4.163 63.49 12.49 17.7 8.327 33.31 19.776 44.76 35.389 11.45 15.612 20.81 32.266 26.02 52.042 5.2 19.776 8.33 41.633 7.28 64.532h-199.84v-1.041zm110.33-49.961c-1.04-15.612-6.24-28.102-15.61-39.551-9.37-10.409-21.86-16.654-37.47-16.654s-28.1 5.204-38.51 15.613c-10.41 10.408-16.66 23.939-18.74 40.592h110.33zM2254.46 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.04c6.25-17.694 16.65-30.185 31.23-39.552 14.57-9.368 31.22-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.4c3.13 0 7.29 1.041 10.41 2.082v81.185c-6.24-2.082-11.45-3.122-16.65-4.163-5.21-1.041-11.45-1.041-16.65-1.041-11.45 0-20.82 2.082-29.15 5.204-8.32 3.123-15.61 8.327-20.81 14.572-6.25 6.245-10.41 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.13 8.326-4.17 15.612-4.17 23.939v133.228h-88.47V176.945h-1.04zM2534.45 359.091c0 7.286 1.04 12.49 4.16 17.694 3.12 5.204 6.24 9.368 10.41 12.49 4.16 3.123 9.36 5.204 14.57 7.286 6.24 2.082 11.45 2.082 17.69 2.082 4.17 0 8.33 0 13.53-2.082 5.21-1.041 9.37-3.123 13.53-5.204 4.17-2.082 7.29-5.204 10.41-9.368 3.13-4.163 4.17-8.327 4.17-13.531 0-5.204-2.09-9.367-5.21-12.49-3.12-3.122-7.28-6.245-11.45-8.327-4.16-2.081-9.36-4.163-14.57-5.204-5.2-1.041-9.37-2.081-13.53-3.122-13.53-3.123-28.1-6.245-42.67-9.368-14.58-3.122-28.11-7.286-40.6-12.49-12.49-6.245-22.9-13.531-30.18-23.939-8.33-10.409-11.45-23.94-11.45-42.675 0-16.653 4.16-30.184 11.45-40.592 8.33-10.409 17.69-18.736 30.18-24.981 12.49-6.245 26.02-10.408 40.6-13.53 14.57-3.123 28.1-4.164 41.63-4.164 14.57 0 29.14 1.041 43.71 4.164 14.58 2.081 27.07 7.285 39.56 13.53 12.49 6.245 21.85 15.613 29.14 27.062 7.29 11.45 11.45 26.021 12.49 43.716h-82.23c0-10.409-4.16-18.736-11.45-23.94-7.28-4.163-16.65-7.286-28.1-7.286-4.16 0-8.32 0-12.49 1.041-4.16 1.041-8.32 1.041-12.49 2.082-4.16 1.041-7.28 3.122-9.37 6.245-2.08 3.122-4.16 6.245-4.16 11.449 0 6.245 3.12 11.449 10.41 15.613 6.24 4.163 14.57 7.286 24.98 10.408 10.41 2.082 20.82 5.204 32.27 7.286 11.44 2.082 22.89 4.163 33.3 6.245 13.53 3.123 24.98 7.286 33.31 13.531 9.37 6.245 15.61 12.49 20.82 19.776 5.2 7.286 9.36 14.572 11.45 21.858 2.08 7.285 3.12 13.53 3.12 19.776 0 17.694-4.17 33.306-11.45 45.796-8.33 12.491-17.7 21.858-30.19 30.185-12.49 7.286-26.02 12.49-41.63 16.653-15.61 3.123-31.22 5.204-45.8 5.204-15.61 0-32.26-1.04-47.87-4.163-15.62-3.122-29.15-8.327-41.64-15.612a83.855 83.855 0 01-30.18-30.185c-8.33-12.49-12.49-28.102-12.49-46.838h84.31v-2.081z" fill="#FFFFFF"></path><path d="M0 481.911V281.028l187.351-58.287v200.882L0 481.911z" fill="#8BC53F"></path><path d="M187.351 423.623V222.741l126.983 87.431v200.882l-126.983-87.431z" fill="#EBD417"></path><path d="M126.982 569.341L0 481.911l187.351-58.287 126.983 87.43-187.352 58.287z" fill="#034EA1"></path><path d="M183.188 212.331l51.001-116.574 65.573 155.085-51.001 116.574-65.573-155.085z" fill="#712E74"></path><path d="M248.761 367.415l51.001-116.574 171.739-28.102-49.96 115.533-172.78 29.143z" fill="#009FD1"></path><path d="M299.762 250.842L234.189 95.757l171.739-28.103 65.573 155.085-171.739 28.103z" fill="#F6921E"></path><path d="M187.352 222.741L59.328 198.802 44.757 71.819 172.78 95.76l14.572 126.982z" fill="#DA2128"></path><path d="M172.78 95.758L44.757 71.818l70.777-70.776 128.023 23.94-70.777 70.776z" fill="#25BCBD"></path><path d="M258.129 153.005l-70.777 69.736-14.571-126.982 70.777-70.778 14.571 128.024z" fill="#00844A"></path></svg></a></div><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news" class="Ibar__journalName" data-event="iBarJournal-a-journalHome"><div class="Ibar__journalName__container" logoclass="Ibar__logo--mixed"><div class="Ibar__journal__maskLogo" style="display:none;"><img class="Ibar__journal__logo" src></div><div class="Ibar__journalName"><span>Science news</span></div></div></a><div class="Ibar__spacer"></div><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/research-news" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-researchNews">Research news</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/frontiers-updates" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-frontiersUpdates">Frontiers updates</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/news/category/open-science" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-openScience">Open science</a><a class="Ibar__link" href="https://pressoffice.frontiersin.org/download-assets" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-a-pressAssets">Press assets</a><div parent-data-event="iBarJournal"><div class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> All categories</button><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title" aria-label="Close Dropdown">All categories</button><button class="Ibar__close" aria-label="Close Dropdown"></button></div><div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/mind-and-body" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_mindAndBody">Mind and body</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/health" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_health">Health</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/humanities" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_humanities">Humanities</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/life-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_lifeSciences">Life sciences</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/microbiome" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_microbiome">Microbiome</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/neuroscience" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_neuroscience">Neuroscience</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/psychiatry" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_5-a_psychiatry">Psychiatry</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/psychology" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_6-a_psychology">Psychology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/social-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_7-a_socialScience">Social science</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/earth-and-beyond" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_earthAndBeyond">Earth and beyond</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/climate-action" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_climateAction">Climate action</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/earth-science" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_earthScience">Earth science</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/environment" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_environment">Environment</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/space-sciences-astronomy" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_spaceSciencesAndAs">Space sciences and astronomy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/sustainability" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_sustainability">Sustainability</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/future-tech" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_futureTech">Future tech</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/engineering" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_engineering">Engineering</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/robotics-and-ai" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_roboticsAndAi">Robotics and AI</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/frontiers-updates" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_frontiersUpdates">Frontiers updates</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/frontiers-announcements" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_frontiersNews">Frontiers news</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/impact-analysis" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_impactAnalysis">Impact analysis</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/institutional-partnership" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_institutionalPartn">Institutional partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/publishing-partnerships" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_publishingPartners">Publishing partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/society-journal-news" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_societyJournalNews">Society journal news</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title"><a href="/news/category/open-science" target data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_openScience">Open science</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/ebooks" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_eBooks">eBooks</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/open-science-and-peer-review" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_openScienceAndPeer">Open science and peer review</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/open-science-policy" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_2-a_openSciencePolicy">Open science policy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/research-topics" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_3-a_researchTopics">Research Topics</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="/news/category/young-minds" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_4-a_youngMinds">Young Minds</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="Ibar__spacer"></div><a class="Ibar__button Ibar__submit" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit" data-event="iBarJournal-a-submit"><span>Submit</span><span> your research</span></a><a class="Ibar__icon Ibar__icon--search" href="//www.frontiersin.org/news/all" aria-label="Search" target="_self" data-event="iBar-a-search"><span>Search news</span></a><div class="Ibar__userArea"></div></div></div></nav><div class="Layout"><div class="Layout__body Layout__body--mainAside"><main class="Layout__main Layout__main--xs Layout__main--post"><ul class="Breadcrumbs"><li class="Breadcrumbs__item"><div class="Breadcrumbs__separator"></div><a href="/" aria-label="Home" target="_self" data-event="breadcrumbs-item-a_home" class="Breadcrumbs__item__text"><span class="Breadcrumbs__home"></span></a></li><li class="Breadcrumbs__item"><div class="Breadcrumbs__separator"></div><a href="/news" aria-label="Science News" target="_self" data-event="breadcrumbs-item-a_scienceNews" class="Breadcrumbs__item__text">Science News</a></li><li class="Breadcrumbs__item"><div class="Breadcrumbs__separator"></div><a href="/news/category/frontiers-announcements" aria-label="Frontiers news" target="_self" data-event="breadcrumbs-item-a_frontiersNews" class="Breadcrumbs__item__text">Frontiers news</a></li><li class="Breadcrumbs__item"><div class="Breadcrumbs__separator"></div><span class="Breadcrumbs__item__text">Luxembourg and Frontiers strike national Open Access publishing agreement</span></li></ul><h1>Luxembourg and Frontiers strike national Open Access publishing agreement</h1><div class="FrontiersRichTextRenderer"><p>Luxembourg’s research community has strengthened its commitment to Open Access through a new national publishing agreement, announced this week. The <a href="https://bnl.public.lu/">Bibliothèque Nationale du Luxembourg</a>, the country’s national library, and the open access publisher Frontiers have reached a three-year publishing deal that will run until February 2024.</p><figure class="FrontiersImage Renderer__entry--img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/38855/4281d8a3a1f8c7f448a64e71c00a819a/dsf4295.jpg?&w=380&fm=webp&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/38855/4281d8a3a1f8c7f448a64e71c00a819a/dsf4295.jpg?&w=642&fm=webp&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/38855/4281d8a3a1f8c7f448a64e71c00a819a/dsf4295.jpg?&w=824&fm=webp&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/38855/4281d8a3a1f8c7f448a64e71c00a819a/dsf4295.jpg?&w=644&fm=webp&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/38855/4281d8a3a1f8c7f448a64e71c00a819a/dsf4295.jpg?&w=672&fm=webp&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/38855/4281d8a3a1f8c7f448a64e71c00a819a/dsf4295.jpg?&w=912&fm=webp&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/38855/4281d8a3a1f8c7f448a64e71c00a819a/dsf4295.jpg?&w=912&fm=webp&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture></figure><p>Managed by the <a href="https://www.consortium.lu/?page_id=5758">Consortium Luxembourg</a> national library service, participating organizations include: the Bibliothèque Nationale du Luxembourg, the Luxembourg Institute of Health, and the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, as well as the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR), making it the first publisher agreement to include the main funder in Luxembourg. This is also the first deal between a national consortium and Frontiers with an annual payment structure, a model designed to help streamline and simplify operations.</p><p>Eligible authors from participating institutions now benefit from reduced administration when they publish in any one of Frontiers’ portfolio of 116 open access journals at no cost to themselves. Frontiers, the Consortium and FNR will now directly manage tasks such as making payments and managing communications. Organizations benefit from online tools for eligibility verification, transparent and comprehensive reporting on expenditures, a dedicated account support manager, and publishing fee discounts.</p><p>Crucially, the agreement also means participating organizations and researchers are immediately Plan S compliant. Plan S is a multi-funder open access mandate, which from January 2021 required all scientific articles that result from research funded by public grants to be published immediately open access in compliant venues. All research published by Frontiers is inherently compliant with the policy.</p><p><strong>Dr. Marc Schiltz, secretary general of the Luxembourg National Research Fund and President of Science Europe</strong>, said: <em>“This agreement is another step forward in ensuring immediate open access for publicly funded research results. It also proves that open access can be easy and does not create additional administrative burdens for the parties involved.”</em></p><p><strong>Annual payment model</strong></p><p>The agreement marks Frontiers’ sixth national deal and its tenth consortium agreement, bringing the total number of agreements in Frontiers’ institutional membership program to 250, which includes more than 500 institutions worldwide.</p><p>This deal is Frontiers’ first national agreement with a payment structure in which publishing fees are forecast and reconciled annually. The new payment model will simplify the financial administration for the deal’s stakeholders in a similar vein to the way traditional subscription or hybrid publishers operate, although all Frontiers research articles are of course Open Access and free to read regardless.</p><p><strong>Dr. Fred Fenter, chief executive editor of Frontiers</strong>, said: <em>“Today’s announcement marks an important step for Luxembourg’s research community, for Open Access, and Frontiers. Our national-consortium partners understand the value of Gold Open Access in our common mission to achieve open science; we salute the flexibility of Consortium Luxembourg which allowed us to find an innovative, fair, and manageable membership plan including the national funder. Luxembourg’s research community joins a growing roster of countries that recognize the benefits of working at the national level with Frontiers, including the UK, Norway, Qatar, Sweden, and Austria.”</em></p><p><strong>Notes to editors:</strong></p><p>For more information, contact:</p><ul><li><p>Ronald Buitenhuis, Frontiers, head of publishing solutions (<a href="mailto:ronald.buitenhuis@frontiersin.org">ronald.buitenhuis@frontiersin.org</a>)</p></li><li><p>Frank Hellwig, Frontiers, institutional memberships manager (<a href="mailto:frank.hellwig@frontiersin.org">frank.hellwig@frontiersin.org</a>)</p></li></ul><p>For Frontiers media inquiries, contact:</p><ul><li><p>Jamie Barclay, Frontiers, public relations manager (<a href="mailto:jamie.barclay@frontiersin.org">jamie.barclay@frontiersin.org</a>)</p></li></ul><p>For more information, contact:</p><ul><li><p>Patrick Peiffer, Bibliothèque Nationale du Luxembourg, Head of Consortium Luxembourg (<a href="mailto:consortium@bnl.etat.lu">consortium@bnl.etat.lu</a>)</p></li></ul><hr><p><strong>About the National Library of Luxembourg</strong></p><p>The National Library of Luxembourg (BnL) is the largest scientific library in Luxembourg holding more than 1.8 million physical documents as well as a growing number of online resources.</p><p>As a heritage library, the BnL hosts an essential part of the nation’s memory as all publications published in or about Luxembourg are collected through legal deposit. The printed Luxemburgensia collection is further complemented by both digital-born publications and by documents digitised by the BnL. The BnL is also a research library and offers its users access to international works in all areas of knowledge.</p><p><strong>ABOUT FNR</strong></p><p>The Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) is the main funder of research activities in Luxembourg.</p><p>We invest public funds and private donations into research projects in various branches of science and the humanities, with an emphasis on selected core strategic areas. Furthermore, we support and coordinate activities to strengthen the link between science and society and to raise awareness for research. We also advise the Luxembourg government on research policy and strategy.</p><p><strong>ABOUT FRONTIERS</strong></p><p>Frontiers is an award-winning Open Science platform and leading Open Access scholarly publisher. Founded in 2007, we have published over 200,000 rigorously certified research articles by leading academics, covering more than 850 academic disciplines. Our mission is to make research results openly available to the world, thereby accelerating scientific and technological innovation, societal progress, and economic growth. We empower scientists with innovative Open Science solutions that radically improve how science is published, evaluated, and disseminated to researchers, innovators, and the public. Access to research results and data is open, free, and customized through Internet technology, thereby enabling rapid solutions to the critical challenges we face as humanity. For more information, visit <a href="http://www.frontiersin.org">www.frontiersin.org</a></p><hr><p><em>For information on Frontiers’ institutional agreements please visit</em> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/institutional-membership"><em>our institutional memberships page</em></a> <em>or contact</em> <a href="mailto:institutions@frontiersin.org"><em>institutions@frontiersin.org</em></a> <em>to discuss the possibilities for your organization.</em></p></div></main><section class="Layout__aside Layout__aside--post"><h1 class="acc-hidden">Post related info</h1><p class="PublishedDate">June 14, 2021</p><a class="Author Author--sm" href="/news/author/institutionalagreements"><div class="Avatar Avatar--size-48 Avatar--text Avatar--grey"><span class="notranslate">I</span><span class="notranslate">N</span></div><div class="Author__info"><h2 class="Author__name notranslate">institutionalagreements</h2></div></a><h2 class="Layout__aside__title"> Post categories </h2><div class="TagCloud"><a href="/news/category/frontiers-announcements"><h3 class="TagCloud__tag">Frontiers news</h3></a></div><h2 class="Layout__aside__title"> Related Subjects </h2><div class="TagCloud"><a href="/news/tag/open-access-publishing-agreements"><h3 class="TagCloud__tag">Open Access publishing agreements</h3></a></div><h2 class="Layout__aside__title"> Related Content </h2><div class="AsidePosts"><a aria-label="Frontiers forms open access publishing agreement with the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR)" href="/news/2021/07/07/frontiers-forms-open-access-publishing-agreement-with-the-luxembourg-national-research-fund-fnr"><figure class="FrontiersImage AsidePosts__image"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39140/baf13d05accbef7f42a8e5b4dd17eaf3/fnr_logo_colour_fr-l-1.png?&w=106&h=106&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39140/baf13d05accbef7f42a8e5b4dd17eaf3/fnr_logo_colour_fr-l-1.png?&w=78&h=78&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39140/baf13d05accbef7f42a8e5b4dd17eaf3/fnr_logo_colour_fr-l-1.png?&w=110&h=110&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39140/baf13d05accbef7f42a8e5b4dd17eaf3/fnr_logo_colour_fr-l-1.png?&w=48&h=48&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39140/baf13d05accbef7f42a8e5b4dd17eaf3/fnr_logo_colour_fr-l-1.png?&w=56&h=56&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39140/baf13d05accbef7f42a8e5b4dd17eaf3/fnr_logo_colour_fr-l-1.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39140/baf13d05accbef7f42a8e5b4dd17eaf3/fnr_logo_colour_fr-l-1.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture></figure></a><a href="/news/2021/07/07/frontiers-forms-open-access-publishing-agreement-with-the-luxembourg-national-research-fund-fnr"><h3 class="AsidePosts__title">Frontiers forms open access publishing agreement with the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR)</h3></a></div><div class="AsidePosts"><a aria-label="Frontiers and the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology form open access publishing agreement" href="/news/2021/07/07/frontiers-and-the-luxembourg-institute-of-science-and-technology-form-open-access-publishing-agreement"><figure class="FrontiersImage AsidePosts__image"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39131/d1637c364f8e132bf934f5c23d535fcf/list_2016_rgb_h200px-1.png?&w=106&h=106&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39131/d1637c364f8e132bf934f5c23d535fcf/list_2016_rgb_h200px-1.png?&w=78&h=78&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39131/d1637c364f8e132bf934f5c23d535fcf/list_2016_rgb_h200px-1.png?&w=110&h=110&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39131/d1637c364f8e132bf934f5c23d535fcf/list_2016_rgb_h200px-1.png?&w=48&h=48&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39131/d1637c364f8e132bf934f5c23d535fcf/list_2016_rgb_h200px-1.png?&w=56&h=56&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39131/d1637c364f8e132bf934f5c23d535fcf/list_2016_rgb_h200px-1.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39131/d1637c364f8e132bf934f5c23d535fcf/list_2016_rgb_h200px-1.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture></figure></a><a href="/news/2021/07/07/frontiers-and-the-luxembourg-institute-of-science-and-technology-form-open-access-publishing-agreement"><h3 class="AsidePosts__title">Frontiers and the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology form open access publishing agreement</h3></a></div><div class="AsidePosts"><a aria-label="Frontiers and the Luxembourg Institute of Health form open access publishing agreement" href="/news/2021/07/07/frontiers-and-the-luxembourg-institute-of-health-form-open-access-publishing-agreement"><figure class="FrontiersImage AsidePosts__image"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39133/8630a3027dc3616d03079ed237e723ff/lih_logo-1.jpg?&w=106&h=106&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39133/8630a3027dc3616d03079ed237e723ff/lih_logo-1.jpg?&w=78&h=78&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39133/8630a3027dc3616d03079ed237e723ff/lih_logo-1.jpg?&w=110&h=110&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39133/8630a3027dc3616d03079ed237e723ff/lih_logo-1.jpg?&w=48&h=48&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39133/8630a3027dc3616d03079ed237e723ff/lih_logo-1.jpg?&w=56&h=56&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39133/8630a3027dc3616d03079ed237e723ff/lih_logo-1.jpg?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39133/8630a3027dc3616d03079ed237e723ff/lih_logo-1.jpg?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture></figure></a><a href="/news/2021/07/07/frontiers-and-the-luxembourg-institute-of-health-form-open-access-publishing-agreement"><h3 class="AsidePosts__title">Frontiers and the Luxembourg Institute of Health form open access publishing agreement</h3></a></div><h2 class="Layout__aside__title">Latest posts</h2><div class="AsidePosts"><a aria-label="Dangerous bacteria lurk in hospital sink drains, despite rigorous cleaning" href="/news/2025/02/14/dangerous-bacteria-lurk-in-hospital-sink-drains-despite-rigorous-cleaning"><figure class="FrontiersImage AsidePosts__image"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/5BkTSlqm8hatGlQBCFyTsj/c97da2a065a15847209c81857ae76834/frontiers-microbiology-bacteria-lurking-in-hospital-sink-drains.png?&w=106&h=106&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/5BkTSlqm8hatGlQBCFyTsj/c97da2a065a15847209c81857ae76834/frontiers-microbiology-bacteria-lurking-in-hospital-sink-drains.png?&w=78&h=78&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/5BkTSlqm8hatGlQBCFyTsj/c97da2a065a15847209c81857ae76834/frontiers-microbiology-bacteria-lurking-in-hospital-sink-drains.png?&w=110&h=110&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/5BkTSlqm8hatGlQBCFyTsj/c97da2a065a15847209c81857ae76834/frontiers-microbiology-bacteria-lurking-in-hospital-sink-drains.png?&w=48&h=48&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/5BkTSlqm8hatGlQBCFyTsj/c97da2a065a15847209c81857ae76834/frontiers-microbiology-bacteria-lurking-in-hospital-sink-drains.png?&w=56&h=56&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/5BkTSlqm8hatGlQBCFyTsj/c97da2a065a15847209c81857ae76834/frontiers-microbiology-bacteria-lurking-in-hospital-sink-drains.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/5BkTSlqm8hatGlQBCFyTsj/c97da2a065a15847209c81857ae76834/frontiers-microbiology-bacteria-lurking-in-hospital-sink-drains.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture></figure></a><a href="/news/2025/02/14/dangerous-bacteria-lurk-in-hospital-sink-drains-despite-rigorous-cleaning"><h3 class="AsidePosts__title">Dangerous bacteria lurk in hospital sink drains, despite rigorous cleaning</h3></a></div><div class="AsidePosts"><a aria-label="500-year-old Transylvanian diaries show how the Little Ice Age completely changed life and death in the region" href="/news/2025/02/12/500-year-old-transylvanian-diaries-changed-life-death"><figure class="FrontiersImage AsidePosts__image"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6ujhy1UpgnpJKrGopskOYL/0e9d419f930a1b4ce47e881c6c1dc28e/header.png?&w=106&h=106&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6ujhy1UpgnpJKrGopskOYL/0e9d419f930a1b4ce47e881c6c1dc28e/header.png?&w=78&h=78&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6ujhy1UpgnpJKrGopskOYL/0e9d419f930a1b4ce47e881c6c1dc28e/header.png?&w=110&h=110&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6ujhy1UpgnpJKrGopskOYL/0e9d419f930a1b4ce47e881c6c1dc28e/header.png?&w=48&h=48&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6ujhy1UpgnpJKrGopskOYL/0e9d419f930a1b4ce47e881c6c1dc28e/header.png?&w=56&h=56&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6ujhy1UpgnpJKrGopskOYL/0e9d419f930a1b4ce47e881c6c1dc28e/header.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/6ujhy1UpgnpJKrGopskOYL/0e9d419f930a1b4ce47e881c6c1dc28e/header.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture><figcaption>Scientists used sources from the 'society's archive' to reconstruct the evolution of the climate and resulting effects on the people who lived in Transylvania in the 16th century. Credit: Gaceu et al., 2024. </figcaption></figure></a><a href="/news/2025/02/12/500-year-old-transylvanian-diaries-changed-life-death"><h3 class="AsidePosts__title">500-year-old Transylvanian diaries show how the Little Ice Age completely changed life and death in the region</h3></a></div><div class="AsidePosts"><a aria-label="Scientists find that a playful approach to life activates ‘lemonading’, which helps people cope with adversity " href="/news/2025/02/10/playful-approach-to-life-activates-lemonading-resilience-frontiers-psychology"><figure class="FrontiersImage AsidePosts__image"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/56OjGdU0pw0NZd6zVFBHCA/cf281a72ad9c38743c79a5d3b83c78ac/Horizontal-joyful_disabled_man_in_wheelchair_playing_basketball_with_two_friends_with_a_ball.png?&w=106&h=106&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/56OjGdU0pw0NZd6zVFBHCA/cf281a72ad9c38743c79a5d3b83c78ac/Horizontal-joyful_disabled_man_in_wheelchair_playing_basketball_with_two_friends_with_a_ball.png?&w=78&h=78&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/56OjGdU0pw0NZd6zVFBHCA/cf281a72ad9c38743c79a5d3b83c78ac/Horizontal-joyful_disabled_man_in_wheelchair_playing_basketball_with_two_friends_with_a_ball.png?&w=110&h=110&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/56OjGdU0pw0NZd6zVFBHCA/cf281a72ad9c38743c79a5d3b83c78ac/Horizontal-joyful_disabled_man_in_wheelchair_playing_basketball_with_two_friends_with_a_ball.png?&w=48&h=48&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/56OjGdU0pw0NZd6zVFBHCA/cf281a72ad9c38743c79a5d3b83c78ac/Horizontal-joyful_disabled_man_in_wheelchair_playing_basketball_with_two_friends_with_a_ball.png?&w=56&h=56&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/56OjGdU0pw0NZd6zVFBHCA/cf281a72ad9c38743c79a5d3b83c78ac/Horizontal-joyful_disabled_man_in_wheelchair_playing_basketball_with_two_friends_with_a_ball.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/56OjGdU0pw0NZd6zVFBHCA/cf281a72ad9c38743c79a5d3b83c78ac/Horizontal-joyful_disabled_man_in_wheelchair_playing_basketball_with_two_friends_with_a_ball.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture><figcaption>Three middle-aged friends play a casual game of basketball; one is in a wheelchair</figcaption></figure></a><a href="/news/2025/02/10/playful-approach-to-life-activates-lemonading-resilience-frontiers-psychology"><h3 class="AsidePosts__title">Scientists find that a playful approach to life activates ‘lemonading’, which helps people cope with adversity </h3></a></div><div class="AsidePosts"><a aria-label="Sikt renews National open access agreement with Frontiers for 2025" href="/news/2025/02/10/sikt-renews-national-open-access-agreement-with-frontiers-for-2025"><figure class="FrontiersImage AsidePosts__image"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/SQ6ndqYyowCUFikpran3P/95e69e9680ed2a60c47233faf663f5a3/WebsiteJpg_XL-Aurora_Borealis__Northern_Lights__above_Stokksnes_Beach_and_Vestrahorn_Mountains__Iceland.jpg?&w=106&h=106&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/SQ6ndqYyowCUFikpran3P/95e69e9680ed2a60c47233faf663f5a3/WebsiteJpg_XL-Aurora_Borealis__Northern_Lights__above_Stokksnes_Beach_and_Vestrahorn_Mountains__Iceland.jpg?&w=78&h=78&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/SQ6ndqYyowCUFikpran3P/95e69e9680ed2a60c47233faf663f5a3/WebsiteJpg_XL-Aurora_Borealis__Northern_Lights__above_Stokksnes_Beach_and_Vestrahorn_Mountains__Iceland.jpg?&w=110&h=110&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/SQ6ndqYyowCUFikpran3P/95e69e9680ed2a60c47233faf663f5a3/WebsiteJpg_XL-Aurora_Borealis__Northern_Lights__above_Stokksnes_Beach_and_Vestrahorn_Mountains__Iceland.jpg?&w=48&h=48&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/SQ6ndqYyowCUFikpran3P/95e69e9680ed2a60c47233faf663f5a3/WebsiteJpg_XL-Aurora_Borealis__Northern_Lights__above_Stokksnes_Beach_and_Vestrahorn_Mountains__Iceland.jpg?&w=56&h=56&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/SQ6ndqYyowCUFikpran3P/95e69e9680ed2a60c47233faf663f5a3/WebsiteJpg_XL-Aurora_Borealis__Northern_Lights__above_Stokksnes_Beach_and_Vestrahorn_Mountains__Iceland.jpg?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/SQ6ndqYyowCUFikpran3P/95e69e9680ed2a60c47233faf663f5a3/WebsiteJpg_XL-Aurora_Borealis__Northern_Lights__above_Stokksnes_Beach_and_Vestrahorn_Mountains__Iceland.jpg?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture></figure></a><a href="/news/2025/02/10/sikt-renews-national-open-access-agreement-with-frontiers-for-2025"><h3 class="AsidePosts__title">Sikt renews National open access agreement with Frontiers for 2025</h3></a></div><div class="AsidePosts"><a aria-label="Relationships that shape us: here are five Frontiers articles on social relationships for Valentine’s Day" href="/news/2025/02/07/relationships-that-shape-us-frontiers-articles-valentines-day"><figure class="FrontiersImage AsidePosts__image"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2NRCg8CMh4u3bZ4RicBrsO/89faabbf40e32734362d11ab3691e94b/Horizontal-The_romantic_Asian_senior_couple_hand_in_hand_while_walking_on_summer_beach_sunset._Travel_leisure_and_activity_a.png?&w=106&h=106&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2NRCg8CMh4u3bZ4RicBrsO/89faabbf40e32734362d11ab3691e94b/Horizontal-The_romantic_Asian_senior_couple_hand_in_hand_while_walking_on_summer_beach_sunset._Travel_leisure_and_activity_a.png?&w=78&h=78&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2NRCg8CMh4u3bZ4RicBrsO/89faabbf40e32734362d11ab3691e94b/Horizontal-The_romantic_Asian_senior_couple_hand_in_hand_while_walking_on_summer_beach_sunset._Travel_leisure_and_activity_a.png?&w=110&h=110&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2NRCg8CMh4u3bZ4RicBrsO/89faabbf40e32734362d11ab3691e94b/Horizontal-The_romantic_Asian_senior_couple_hand_in_hand_while_walking_on_summer_beach_sunset._Travel_leisure_and_activity_a.png?&w=48&h=48&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2NRCg8CMh4u3bZ4RicBrsO/89faabbf40e32734362d11ab3691e94b/Horizontal-The_romantic_Asian_senior_couple_hand_in_hand_while_walking_on_summer_beach_sunset._Travel_leisure_and_activity_a.png?&w=56&h=56&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2NRCg8CMh4u3bZ4RicBrsO/89faabbf40e32734362d11ab3691e94b/Horizontal-The_romantic_Asian_senior_couple_hand_in_hand_while_walking_on_summer_beach_sunset._Travel_leisure_and_activity_a.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/2NRCg8CMh4u3bZ4RicBrsO/89faabbf40e32734362d11ab3691e94b/Horizontal-The_romantic_Asian_senior_couple_hand_in_hand_while_walking_on_summer_beach_sunset._Travel_leisure_and_activity_a.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture><figcaption>Image: Shutterstock.com</figcaption></figure></a><a href="/news/2025/02/07/relationships-that-shape-us-frontiers-articles-valentines-day"><h3 class="AsidePosts__title">Relationships that shape us: here are five Frontiers articles on social relationships for Valentine’s Day</h3></a></div><div class="AsidePosts"><a aria-label="Efforts to find alien life could be boosted by simple test that gets microbes moving" href="/news/2025/02/06/find-alien-life-simple-test-microbes"><figure class="FrontiersImage AsidePosts__image"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/110zjhiCZn2Ct7yrVSrI0o/73df0beaba0439136916ad46f05d35e2/Horizontal-Bacteria_in_under_the_microscope._100x.png?&w=106&h=106&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(max-width: 767px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/110zjhiCZn2Ct7yrVSrI0o/73df0beaba0439136916ad46f05d35e2/Horizontal-Bacteria_in_under_the_microscope._100x.png?&w=78&h=78&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 768px and max-width: 1023px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/110zjhiCZn2Ct7yrVSrI0o/73df0beaba0439136916ad46f05d35e2/Horizontal-Bacteria_in_under_the_microscope._100x.png?&w=110&h=110&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1024px and max-width: 1279px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/110zjhiCZn2Ct7yrVSrI0o/73df0beaba0439136916ad46f05d35e2/Horizontal-Bacteria_in_under_the_microscope._100x.png?&w=48&h=48&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1280px and max-width: 1439px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/110zjhiCZn2Ct7yrVSrI0o/73df0beaba0439136916ad46f05d35e2/Horizontal-Bacteria_in_under_the_microscope._100x.png?&w=56&h=56&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1440px and max-width: 1919px)"><source srcset="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/110zjhiCZn2Ct7yrVSrI0o/73df0beaba0439136916ad46f05d35e2/Horizontal-Bacteria_in_under_the_microscope._100x.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" media="(min-width: 1920px)"><img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/110zjhiCZn2Ct7yrVSrI0o/73df0beaba0439136916ad46f05d35e2/Horizontal-Bacteria_in_under_the_microscope._100x.png?&w=80&h=80&fm=webp&f=center&fit=fill&q=80" class="is-inside-mask" alt loading="lazy"></picture><figcaption>Image: Shutterstock.com</figcaption></figure></a><a href="/news/2025/02/06/find-alien-life-simple-test-microbes"><h3 class="AsidePosts__title">Efforts to find alien life could be boosted by simple test that gets microbes moving</h3></a></div></section></div><div class="FloatingShareButton"><button class="FloatingShareButton__btn"><span class="FloatingShareButton__btn--text">Share News</span></button></div></div><div class="Newsletter"><div class="Newsletter__signup"><div class="Newsletter__heading"><p class="Newsletter__title">Get the latest research updates, subscribe to our newsletter</p></div><div class="FormContainer FormContainer--blue"><form class="Newsletter__form"><fieldset class="Newsletter__fieldset"><div class="Newsletter__fieldgroup"><div class="Input"><span class="Input__labelWrapper"><label for="subscriberFirstName" class="Input__label">Name</label></span><input class="Input__field" id="subscriberFirstName" type="text" value></div></div><div class="Newsletter__fieldgroup"><div class="Input"><span class="Input__labelWrapper"><label for="subscriberLastName" class="Input__label">Last name</label></span><input class="Input__field" id="subscriberLastName" type="text" value></div></div><div class="Newsletter__fieldgroup"><div class="Input"><span class="Input__labelWrapper"><label for="subscriberEmail" class="Input__label">E-mail</label></span><input class="Input__field" id="subscriberEmail" type="text" value></div></div></fieldset><button type="submit" class="Button Button--blue40 Button--medium" data-event="newsletter-btn-subscribe"><span>Subscribe</span></button></form></div></div><input type="hidden" value></div><footer class="Footer"><div class="Footer__wrapper"><div class="Footer__sections"><ul class="Accordion"><li class="Accordion__item"><button class="Accordion__headline"><div class="Accordion__title">Guidelines</div><div class="Accordion__space"></div><div class="Accordion__arrow"></div></button><div class="Accordion__content Accordion__content--fadeOut" style="height:0px;"><ul><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/author-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_0-a_authorGuidelines">Author guidelines</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/editor-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_0-a_editorGuidelines">Editor guidelines</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/policies-and-publication-ethics" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_0-a_policiesAndPublicationE">Policies and publication ethics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/fee-policy" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_0-a_feePolicy">Fee policy</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="Accordion__item"><button class="Accordion__headline"><div class="Accordion__title">Explore</div><div class="Accordion__space"></div><div class="Accordion__arrow"></div></button><div class="Accordion__content Accordion__content--fadeOut" style="height:0px;"><ul><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_1-a_articles">Articles</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_1-a_researchTopics">Research Topics </a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_1-a_journals">Journals</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/how-we-publish" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_1-a_howWePublish">How we publish</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="Accordion__item"><button class="Accordion__headline"><div class="Accordion__title">Outreach</div><div class="Accordion__space"></div><div class="Accordion__arrow"></div></button><div class="Accordion__content Accordion__content--fadeOut" style="height:0px;"><ul><li><a href="https://forum.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_2-a_frontiersForum">Frontiers Forum </a></li><li><a href="https://policylabs.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_2-a_frontiersPolicyLabs">Frontiers Policy Labs </a></li><li><a href="https://kids.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_2-a_frontiersForYoungMinds">Frontiers for Young Minds</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersplanetprize.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_2-a_frontiersPlanetPrize">Frontiers Planet Prize</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="Accordion__item"><button class="Accordion__headline"><div class="Accordion__title">Connect</div><div class="Accordion__space"></div><div class="Accordion__arrow"></div></button><div class="Accordion__content Accordion__content--fadeOut" style="height:0px;"><ul><li><a href="https://helpcenter.frontiersin.org" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_3-a_helpCenter">Help center</a></li><li><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/settings/email-preferences?a=publishers" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_3-a_emailsAndAlerts">Emails and alerts </a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/contact" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_3-a_contactUs">Contact us </a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_3-a_submit">Submit</a></li><li><a href="https://careers.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_3-a_careerOpportunities">Career opportunities</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><div class="Footer__socialLinks"><div class="Footer__socialLinks__title">Follow us</div><span class="Link__wrapper"><a class="Link Link--linkType Link--grey Link--medium Link--icon Link--facebook Link--right" aria-label="Frontiers Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/Frontiersin" target="_blank"><span></span></a></span><span class="Link__wrapper"><a class="Link Link--linkType Link--grey Link--medium Link--icon Link--twitter Link--right" aria-label="Frontiers Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/frontiersin" target="_blank"><span></span></a></span><span class="Link__wrapper"><a class="Link Link--linkType Link--grey Link--medium Link--icon Link--linkedin Link--right" aria-label="Frontiers LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/frontiers" target="_blank"><span></span></a></span><span class="Link__wrapper"><a class="Link Link--linkType Link--grey Link--medium Link--icon Link--instagram Link--right" aria-label="Frontiers Instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/frontiersin_" target="_blank"><span></span></a></span></div></div><div class="Footer__copyright"><div><span>© 2025 Frontiers Media S.A. All rights reserved</span></div><div><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/privacy-policy" target="_blank">Privacy policy</a><span> | </span><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions" target="_blank">Terms and conditions</a></div></div></div></footer><noscript><iframe src="https://tag-manager.frontiersin.org/ns.html?id=GTM-55799X7&gtm_auth=wu4zNXypdxbpNvFCndDH_A&gtm_preview=env-1&gtm_cookies_win=x" height="0" width="0" style="display: none; visibility: hidden"> </iframe></noscript></div><script type="application/json" id="__NUXT_DATA__" data-ssr="true">[["Reactive",1],{"data":2,"state":643,"_errors":798,"serverRendered":100,"path":799},{"ibar":3,"footer":122,"Lw5SVy8Jx9":202,"_apollo:contentful":641,"_apollo:contentfulPreview":642},{"tenantLogo":4,"journalLogo":4,"aboutUs":5,"submitUrl":99,"showSubmitButton":100,"sectionTerm":101,"aboutJournal":102,"mainLinks":103,"journalLinks":110,"helpCenterLink":119},"",[6,23,36,57,72],{"title":7,"links":8},"Who we are",[9,14,17,20],{"text":10,"url":11,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Mission and values","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/mission","_self",null,{"text":15,"url":16,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"History","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/history",{"text":18,"url":19,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Leadership","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/leadership",{"text":21,"url":22,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Awards","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/awards",{"title":24,"links":25},"Impact and progress",[26,29,33],{"text":27,"url":28,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Frontiers' impact","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/impact",{"text":30,"url":31,"target":32,"ariaLabel":13},"Progress Report 2022","https://progressreport.frontiersin.org/?utm_source=fweb&utm_medium=frep&utm_campaign=pr20","_blank",{"text":34,"url":35,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"All progress reports","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/progress-reports",{"title":37,"links":38},"Publishing model",[39,42,45,48,51,54],{"text":40,"url":41,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"How we publish","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/how-we-publish",{"text":43,"url":44,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Open access","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access",{"text":46,"url":47,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Fee policy","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/fee-policy",{"text":49,"url":50,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Peer review","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/peer-review",{"text":52,"url":53,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Research integrity","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-integrity",{"text":55,"url":56,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Research Topics","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-topics",{"title":58,"links":59},"Services",[60,63,66,69],{"text":61,"url":62,"target":32,"ariaLabel":13},"Societies","https://publishingpartnerships.frontiersin.org/",{"text":64,"url":65,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"National consortia","https://www.frontiersin.org/open-access-agreements/consortia",{"text":67,"url":68,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Institutional partnerships","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access-agreements",{"text":70,"url":71,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Collaborators","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/collaborators",{"title":73,"links":74},"More from Frontiers",[75,79,83,87,91,95],{"text":76,"url":77,"target":32,"ariaLabel":78},"Frontiers Forum","https://forum.frontiersin.org/","this link will take you to the Frontiers Forum website",{"text":80,"url":81,"target":32,"ariaLabel":82},"Frontiers Planet Prize","https://www.frontiersplanetprize.org/","this link will take you to the Frontiers Planet Prize website",{"text":84,"url":85,"target":32,"ariaLabel":86},"Press office","https://pressoffice.frontiersin.org/","this link will take you to the Frontiers press office website",{"text":88,"url":89,"target":12,"ariaLabel":90},"Sustainability","https://www.frontiersin.orgabout/sustainability","link to information about Frontiers' sustainability",{"text":92,"url":93,"target":32,"ariaLabel":94},"Career opportunities","https://careers.frontiersin.org/","this link will take you to the Frontiers careers website",{"text":96,"url":97,"target":12,"ariaLabel":98},"Contact us","https://www.frontiersin.org/about/contact","this link will take you to the help pages to contact our support team","https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit",true,"Sections",[],[104,107],{"text":105,"url":106,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"All journals","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals",{"text":108,"url":109,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"All articles","https://www.frontiersin.org/articles",[111,114,116],{"text":112,"url":113,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Articles","articles",{"text":55,"url":115,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"research-topics",{"text":117,"url":118,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Editorial board","editors",{"text":120,"url":121,"target":32,"ariaLabel":120},"Help center","https://helpcenter.frontiersin.org",{"blocks":123,"socialLinks":175,"copyright":199,"termsAndConditionsUrl":200,"privacyPolicyUrl":201},[124,137,147,161],{"title":125,"links":126},"Guidelines",[127,130,133,136],{"text":128,"url":129,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Author guidelines","https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/author-guidelines",{"text":131,"url":132,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Editor guidelines","https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/editor-guidelines",{"text":134,"url":135,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Policies and publication ethics","https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/policies-and-publication-ethics",{"text":46,"url":47,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},{"title":138,"links":139},"Explore",[140,141,144,146],{"text":112,"url":109,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},{"text":142,"url":143,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Research Topics ","https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics",{"text":145,"url":106,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Journals",{"text":40,"url":41,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},{"title":148,"links":149},"Outreach",[150,153,156,160],{"text":151,"url":77,"target":32,"ariaLabel":152},"Frontiers Forum ","Frontiers Forum website",{"text":154,"url":155,"target":32,"ariaLabel":13},"Frontiers Policy Labs ","https://policylabs.frontiersin.org/",{"text":157,"url":158,"target":32,"ariaLabel":159},"Frontiers for Young Minds","https://kids.frontiersin.org/","Frontiers for Young Minds journal",{"text":80,"url":81,"target":32,"ariaLabel":82},{"title":162,"links":163},"Connect",[164,165,169,172,174],{"text":120,"url":121,"target":32,"ariaLabel":120},{"text":166,"url":167,"target":32,"ariaLabel":168},"Emails and alerts ","https://loop.frontiersin.org/settings/email-preferences?a=publishers","Subscribe to Frontiers emails",{"text":170,"url":97,"target":12,"ariaLabel":171},"Contact us ","Subscribe to newsletter",{"text":173,"url":99,"target":12,"ariaLabel":13},"Submit",{"text":92,"url":93,"target":32,"ariaLabel":13},[176,184,189,194],{"link":177,"type":180,"color":181,"icon":182,"size":183,"hiddenText":100},{"text":178,"url":179,"target":32,"ariaLabel":178},"Frontiers Facebook","https://www.facebook.com/Frontiersin","Link","Grey","Facebook","Medium",{"link":185,"type":180,"color":181,"icon":188,"size":183,"hiddenText":100},{"text":186,"url":187,"target":32,"ariaLabel":13},"Frontiers Twitter","https://twitter.com/frontiersin","Twitter",{"link":190,"type":180,"color":181,"icon":193,"size":183,"hiddenText":100},{"text":191,"url":192,"target":32,"ariaLabel":13},"Frontiers LinkedIn","https://www.linkedin.com/company/frontiers","LinkedIn",{"link":195,"type":180,"color":181,"icon":198,"size":183,"hiddenText":100},{"text":196,"url":197,"target":32,"ariaLabel":13},"Frontiers Instagram","https://www.instagram.com/frontiersin_","Instagram","Frontiers Media S.A. All rights reserved","https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions","https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/privacy-policy",{"pageBlogPostCollection":203},{"__typename":204,"items":205},"PageBlogPostCollection",[206],{"sys":207,"__typename":210,"title":211,"slug":212,"publishedOn":213,"excerpt":214,"autoInjectFeaturedImage":13,"featuredMedia":215,"author":218,"content":221,"categoriesCollection":606,"tagsCollection":613,"relatedContentCollection":620},{"publishedAt":208,"__typename":209},"2023-08-22T09:11:00.412Z","Sys","PageBlogPost","Luxembourg and Frontiers strike national Open Access publishing agreement","luxembourg-and-frontiers-strike-national-open-access-publishing-agreement","2021-06-14T14:47:18.000Z","Luxembourg’s research community has strengthened its commitment to Open Access through a new national publishing agreement, announced this week. The Bibliothèque Nationale du Luxembourg, the country’s national library, and the open access publisher Frontiers have reached a three-year publishing deal that will run until February 2024. Managed by the Consortium Luxembourg national library service, participating organizations include: the Bibliothèque Nationale du Luxembourg, the Luxembourg Institute of Health, and the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, as well as the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR), making it the first publisher agreement to include the main funder in Luxembourg. This is also the first deal between a national consortium and Frontiers with an annual payment structure, a model designed to help streamline and simplify operations. Eligible authors from participating institutions now benefit from reduced administration when they publish in any one of Frontiers’ portfolio of 116 open access journals at no cost to themselves. Frontiers, the Consortium and FNR will now directly manage tasks such as making payments and managing communications. Organizations benefit from online tools for eligibility verification, transparent and comprehensive reporting on expenditures, a dedicated account support manager, and publishing fee discounts. Crucially, the agreement also means participating organizations and […]\n",{"__typename":216,"url":217,"description":13},"Asset","https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/38855/4281d8a3a1f8c7f448a64e71c00a819a/dsf4295.jpg",{"__typename":219,"name":220,"slug":220,"role":13,"image":13},"Author","institutionalagreements",{"json":222,"__typename":593,"links":594},{"data":223,"content":224,"nodeType":592},{},[225,247,254,273,280,287,306,314,321,328,344,352,359,407,414,438,444,468,472,480,487,494,502,509,516,524,539,542],{"data":226,"content":227,"nodeType":246},{},[228,233,242],{"data":229,"marks":230,"value":231,"nodeType":232},{},[],"Luxembourg’s research community has strengthened its commitment to Open Access through a new national publishing agreement, announced this week. The ","text",{"data":234,"content":236,"nodeType":241},{"uri":235},"https://bnl.public.lu/",[237],{"data":238,"marks":239,"value":240,"nodeType":232},{},[],"Bibliothèque Nationale du Luxembourg","hyperlink",{"data":243,"marks":244,"value":245,"nodeType":232},{},[],", the country’s national library, and the open access publisher Frontiers have reached a three-year publishing deal that will run until February 2024.","paragraph",{"data":248,"content":252,"nodeType":253},{"target":249},{"sys":250},{"id":251,"type":180,"linkType":216},"38855",[],"embedded-asset-block",{"data":255,"content":256,"nodeType":246},{},[257,261,269],{"data":258,"marks":259,"value":260,"nodeType":232},{},[],"Managed by the ",{"data":262,"content":264,"nodeType":241},{"uri":263},"https://www.consortium.lu/?page_id=5758",[265],{"data":266,"marks":267,"value":268,"nodeType":232},{},[],"Consortium Luxembourg",{"data":270,"marks":271,"value":272,"nodeType":232},{},[]," national library service, participating organizations include: the Bibliothèque Nationale du Luxembourg, the Luxembourg Institute of Health, and the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, as well as the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR), making it the first publisher agreement to include the main funder in Luxembourg. This is also the first deal between a national consortium and Frontiers with an annual payment structure, a model designed to help streamline and simplify operations.",{"data":274,"content":275,"nodeType":246},{},[276],{"data":277,"marks":278,"value":279,"nodeType":232},{},[],"Eligible authors from participating institutions now benefit from reduced administration when they publish in any one of Frontiers’ portfolio of 116 open access journals at no cost to themselves. Frontiers, the Consortium and FNR will now directly manage tasks such as making payments and managing communications. Organizations benefit from online tools for eligibility verification, transparent and comprehensive reporting on expenditures, a dedicated account support manager, and publishing fee discounts.",{"data":281,"content":282,"nodeType":246},{},[283],{"data":284,"marks":285,"value":286,"nodeType":232},{},[],"Crucially, the agreement also means participating organizations and researchers are immediately Plan S compliant. Plan S is a multi-funder open access mandate, which from January 2021 required all scientific articles that result from research funded by public grants to be published immediately open access in compliant venues. All research published by Frontiers is inherently compliant with the policy.",{"data":288,"content":289,"nodeType":246},{},[290,296,300],{"data":291,"marks":292,"value":295,"nodeType":232},{},[293],{"type":294},"bold","Dr. Marc Schiltz, secretary general of the Luxembourg National Research Fund and President of Science Europe",{"data":297,"marks":298,"value":299,"nodeType":232},{},[],", said: ",{"data":301,"marks":302,"value":305,"nodeType":232},{},[303],{"type":304},"italic","“This agreement is another step forward in ensuring immediate open access for publicly funded research results. It also proves that open access can be easy and does not create additional administrative burdens for the parties involved.”",{"data":307,"content":308,"nodeType":246},{},[309],{"data":310,"marks":311,"value":313,"nodeType":232},{},[312],{"type":294},"Annual payment model",{"data":315,"content":316,"nodeType":246},{},[317],{"data":318,"marks":319,"value":320,"nodeType":232},{},[],"The agreement marks Frontiers’ sixth national deal and its tenth consortium agreement, bringing the total number of agreements in Frontiers’ institutional membership program to 250, which includes more than 500 institutions worldwide.",{"data":322,"content":323,"nodeType":246},{},[324],{"data":325,"marks":326,"value":327,"nodeType":232},{},[],"This deal is Frontiers’ first national agreement with a payment structure in which publishing fees are forecast and reconciled annually. The new payment model will simplify the financial administration for the deal’s stakeholders in a similar vein to the way traditional subscription or hybrid publishers operate, although all Frontiers research articles are of course Open Access and free to read regardless.",{"data":329,"content":330,"nodeType":246},{},[331,336,339],{"data":332,"marks":333,"value":335,"nodeType":232},{},[334],{"type":294},"Dr. Fred Fenter, chief executive editor of Frontiers",{"data":337,"marks":338,"value":299,"nodeType":232},{},[],{"data":340,"marks":341,"value":343,"nodeType":232},{},[342],{"type":304},"“Today’s announcement marks an important step for Luxembourg’s research community, for Open Access, and Frontiers. Our national-consortium partners understand the value of Gold Open Access in our common mission to achieve open science; we salute the flexibility of Consortium Luxembourg which allowed us to find an innovative, fair, and manageable membership plan including the national funder. Luxembourg’s research community joins a growing roster of countries that recognize the benefits of working at the national level with Frontiers, including the UK, Norway, Qatar, Sweden, and Austria.”",{"data":345,"content":346,"nodeType":246},{},[347],{"data":348,"marks":349,"value":351,"nodeType":232},{},[350],{"type":294},"Notes to editors:",{"data":353,"content":354,"nodeType":246},{},[355],{"data":356,"marks":357,"value":358,"nodeType":232},{},[],"For more information, contact:",{"data":360,"content":361,"nodeType":406},{},[362,385],{"data":363,"content":364,"nodeType":384},{},[365],{"data":366,"content":367,"nodeType":246},{},[368,372,380],{"data":369,"marks":370,"value":371,"nodeType":232},{},[],"Ronald Buitenhuis, Frontiers, head of publishing solutions (",{"data":373,"content":375,"nodeType":241},{"uri":374},"mailto:ronald.buitenhuis@frontiersin.org",[376],{"data":377,"marks":378,"value":379,"nodeType":232},{},[],"ronald.buitenhuis@frontiersin.org",{"data":381,"marks":382,"value":383,"nodeType":232},{},[],")","list-item",{"data":386,"content":387,"nodeType":384},{},[388],{"data":389,"content":390,"nodeType":246},{},[391,395,403],{"data":392,"marks":393,"value":394,"nodeType":232},{},[],"Frank Hellwig, Frontiers, institutional memberships manager (",{"data":396,"content":398,"nodeType":241},{"uri":397},"mailto:frank.hellwig@frontiersin.org",[399],{"data":400,"marks":401,"value":402,"nodeType":232},{},[],"frank.hellwig@frontiersin.org",{"data":404,"marks":405,"value":383,"nodeType":232},{},[],"unordered-list",{"data":408,"content":409,"nodeType":246},{},[410],{"data":411,"marks":412,"value":413,"nodeType":232},{},[],"For Frontiers media inquiries, contact:",{"data":415,"content":416,"nodeType":406},{},[417],{"data":418,"content":419,"nodeType":384},{},[420],{"data":421,"content":422,"nodeType":246},{},[423,427,435],{"data":424,"marks":425,"value":426,"nodeType":232},{},[],"Jamie Barclay, Frontiers, public relations manager (",{"data":428,"content":430,"nodeType":241},{"uri":429},"mailto:jamie.barclay@frontiersin.org",[431],{"data":432,"marks":433,"value":434,"nodeType":232},{},[],"jamie.barclay@frontiersin.org",{"data":436,"marks":437,"value":383,"nodeType":232},{},[],{"data":439,"content":440,"nodeType":246},{},[441],{"data":442,"marks":443,"value":358,"nodeType":232},{},[],{"data":445,"content":446,"nodeType":406},{},[447],{"data":448,"content":449,"nodeType":384},{},[450],{"data":451,"content":452,"nodeType":246},{},[453,457,465],{"data":454,"marks":455,"value":456,"nodeType":232},{},[],"Patrick Peiffer, Bibliothèque Nationale du Luxembourg, Head of Consortium Luxembourg (",{"data":458,"content":460,"nodeType":241},{"uri":459},"mailto:consortium@bnl.etat.lu",[461],{"data":462,"marks":463,"value":464,"nodeType":232},{},[],"consortium@bnl.etat.lu",{"data":466,"marks":467,"value":383,"nodeType":232},{},[],{"data":469,"content":470,"nodeType":471},{},[],"hr",{"data":473,"content":474,"nodeType":246},{},[475],{"data":476,"marks":477,"value":479,"nodeType":232},{},[478],{"type":294},"About the National Library of Luxembourg",{"data":481,"content":482,"nodeType":246},{},[483],{"data":484,"marks":485,"value":486,"nodeType":232},{},[],"The National Library of Luxembourg (BnL) is the largest scientific library in Luxembourg holding more than 1.8 million physical documents as well as a growing number of online resources.",{"data":488,"content":489,"nodeType":246},{},[490],{"data":491,"marks":492,"value":493,"nodeType":232},{},[],"As a heritage library, the BnL hosts an essential part of the nation’s memory as all publications published in or about Luxembourg are collected through legal deposit. The printed Luxemburgensia collection is further complemented by both digital-born publications and by documents digitised by the BnL. The BnL is also a research library and offers its users access to international works in all areas of knowledge.",{"data":495,"content":496,"nodeType":246},{},[497],{"data":498,"marks":499,"value":501,"nodeType":232},{},[500],{"type":294},"ABOUT FNR",{"data":503,"content":504,"nodeType":246},{},[505],{"data":506,"marks":507,"value":508,"nodeType":232},{},[],"The Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) is the main funder of research activities in Luxembourg.",{"data":510,"content":511,"nodeType":246},{},[512],{"data":513,"marks":514,"value":515,"nodeType":232},{},[],"We invest public funds and private donations into research projects in various branches of science and the humanities, with an emphasis on selected core strategic areas. Furthermore, we support and coordinate activities to strengthen the link between science and society and to raise awareness for research. We also advise the Luxembourg government on research policy and strategy.",{"data":517,"content":518,"nodeType":246},{},[519],{"data":520,"marks":521,"value":523,"nodeType":232},{},[522],{"type":294},"ABOUT FRONTIERS",{"data":525,"content":526,"nodeType":246},{},[527,531],{"data":528,"marks":529,"value":530,"nodeType":232},{},[],"Frontiers is an award-winning Open Science platform and leading Open Access scholarly publisher. Founded in 2007, we have published over 200,000 rigorously certified research articles by leading academics, covering more than 850 academic disciplines. Our mission is to make research results openly available to the world, thereby accelerating scientific and technological innovation, societal progress, and economic growth. We empower scientists with innovative Open Science solutions that radically improve how science is published, evaluated, and disseminated to researchers, innovators, and the public. Access to research results and data is open, free, and customized through Internet technology, thereby enabling rapid solutions to the critical challenges we face as humanity. For more information, visit ",{"data":532,"content":534,"nodeType":241},{"uri":533},"http://www.frontiersin.org",[535],{"data":536,"marks":537,"value":538,"nodeType":232},{},[],"www.frontiersin.org",{"data":540,"content":541,"nodeType":471},{},[],{"data":543,"content":544,"nodeType":246},{},[545,550,554,563,566,571,574,583,587],{"data":546,"marks":547,"value":549,"nodeType":232},{},[548],{"type":304},"For information on Frontiers’ institutional agreements please visit",{"data":551,"marks":552,"value":553,"nodeType":232},{},[]," ",{"data":555,"content":557,"nodeType":241},{"uri":556},"https://www.frontiersin.org/about/institutional-membership",[558],{"data":559,"marks":560,"value":562,"nodeType":232},{},[561],{"type":304},"our institutional memberships page",{"data":564,"marks":565,"value":553,"nodeType":232},{},[],{"data":567,"marks":568,"value":570,"nodeType":232},{},[569],{"type":304},"or contact",{"data":572,"marks":573,"value":553,"nodeType":232},{},[],{"data":575,"content":577,"nodeType":241},{"uri":576},"mailto:institutions@frontiersin.org",[578],{"data":579,"marks":580,"value":582,"nodeType":232},{},[581],{"type":304},"institutions@frontiersin.org",{"data":584,"marks":585,"value":586,"nodeType":232},{},[]," ",{"data":588,"marks":589,"value":591,"nodeType":232},{},[590],{"type":304},"to discuss the possibilities for your organization.","document","PageBlogPostContent",{"__typename":595,"assets":596,"entries":602},"PageBlogPostContentLinks",{"__typename":597,"block":598},"PageBlogPostContentAssets",[599],{"sys":600,"__typename":216,"url":217,"description":13,"contentType":601},{"id":251,"__typename":209},"image/jpeg",{"__typename":603,"inline":604,"block":605},"PageBlogPostContentEntries",[],[],{"__typename":607,"items":608},"PageBlogPostCategoriesCollection",[609],{"__typename":610,"slug":611,"name":612},"Category","frontiers-announcements","Frontiers news",{"__typename":614,"items":615},"PageBlogPostTagsCollection",[616],{"__typename":617,"name":618,"slug":619},"Tag","Open Access publishing agreements","open-access-publishing-agreements",{"__typename":621,"items":622},"PageBlogPostRelatedContentCollection",[623,629,635],{"__typename":210,"title":624,"slug":625,"publishedOn":626,"featuredMedia":627},"Frontiers forms open access publishing agreement with the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR)","frontiers-forms-open-access-publishing-agreement-with-the-luxembourg-national-research-fund-fnr","2021-07-07T23:45:19.000Z",{"__typename":216,"url":628,"description":13},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39140/baf13d05accbef7f42a8e5b4dd17eaf3/fnr_logo_colour_fr-l-1.png",{"__typename":210,"title":630,"slug":631,"publishedOn":632,"featuredMedia":633},"Frontiers and the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology form open access publishing agreement","frontiers-and-the-luxembourg-institute-of-science-and-technology-form-open-access-publishing-agreement","2021-07-07T23:42:55.000Z",{"__typename":216,"url":634,"description":13},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39131/d1637c364f8e132bf934f5c23d535fcf/list_2016_rgb_h200px-1.png",{"__typename":210,"title":636,"slug":637,"publishedOn":638,"featuredMedia":639},"Frontiers and the Luxembourg Institute of Health form open access publishing agreement","frontiers-and-the-luxembourg-institute-of-health-form-open-access-publishing-agreement","2021-07-07T23:43:45.000Z",{"__typename":216,"url":640,"description":13},"https://images.ctfassets.net/mrbo2ykgx5lt/39133/8630a3027dc3616d03079ed237e723ff/lih_logo-1.jpg",{},{},{"$scategories":644,"$ssite-config":787},[645,654,657,662,668,675,680,683,687,690,693,700,705,709,712,717,722,725,730,732,736,740,745,750,754,755,757,762,767,771,776,780,783],{"name":646,"slug":647,"order":13,"parent":648,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Climate action","climate-action",{"__typename":610,"name":649,"slug":650,"parent":651},"Earth and beyond","earth-and-beyond",{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653},"Research news","research-news",{"name":649,"slug":650,"order":655,"parent":656,"isEligibleForPosts":13},2,{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653,"parent":13},{"name":658,"slug":659,"order":13,"parent":660,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Earth science","earth-science",{"__typename":610,"name":649,"slug":650,"parent":661},{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653},{"name":663,"slug":664,"order":13,"parent":665,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"eBooks","ebooks",{"__typename":610,"name":666,"slug":667,"parent":13},"Open science","open-science",{"name":669,"slug":670,"order":13,"parent":671,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Engineering","engineering",{"__typename":610,"name":672,"slug":673,"parent":674},"Future tech","future-tech",{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653},{"name":676,"slug":677,"order":13,"parent":678,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Environment","environment",{"__typename":610,"name":649,"slug":650,"parent":679},{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653},{"name":681,"slug":682,"order":13,"parent":13,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Featured news","featured-news",{"name":612,"slug":611,"order":13,"parent":684,"isEligibleForPosts":100},{"__typename":610,"name":685,"slug":686,"parent":13},"Frontiers updates","frontiers-updates",{"name":685,"slug":686,"order":688,"parent":13,"isEligibleForPosts":689},4,false,{"name":672,"slug":673,"order":691,"parent":692,"isEligibleForPosts":13},3,{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653,"parent":13},{"name":694,"slug":695,"order":13,"parent":696,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Health","health",{"__typename":610,"name":697,"slug":698,"parent":699},"Mind and body","mind-and-body",{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653},{"name":701,"slug":702,"order":13,"parent":703,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Humanities","humanities",{"__typename":610,"name":697,"slug":698,"parent":704},{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653},{"name":706,"slug":707,"order":13,"parent":708,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Impact analysis","impact-analysis",{"__typename":610,"name":685,"slug":686,"parent":13},{"name":67,"slug":710,"order":13,"parent":711,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"institutional-partnership",{"__typename":610,"name":685,"slug":686,"parent":13},{"name":713,"slug":714,"order":13,"parent":715,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Life sciences","life-science",{"__typename":610,"name":697,"slug":698,"parent":716},{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653},{"name":718,"slug":719,"order":13,"parent":720,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Microbiome","microbiome",{"__typename":610,"name":697,"slug":698,"parent":721},{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653},{"name":697,"slug":698,"order":723,"parent":724,"isEligibleForPosts":13},1,{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653,"parent":13},{"name":726,"slug":727,"order":13,"parent":728,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Neuroscience","neuroscience",{"__typename":610,"name":697,"slug":698,"parent":729},{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653},{"name":666,"slug":667,"order":731,"parent":13,"isEligibleForPosts":13},5,{"name":733,"slug":734,"order":13,"parent":735,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Open science and peer review","open-science-and-peer-review",{"__typename":610,"name":666,"slug":667,"parent":13},{"name":737,"slug":738,"order":13,"parent":739,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Open science policy","open-science-policy",{"__typename":610,"name":666,"slug":667,"parent":13},{"name":741,"slug":742,"order":13,"parent":743,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Psychiatry","psychiatry",{"__typename":610,"name":697,"slug":698,"parent":744},{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653},{"name":746,"slug":747,"order":13,"parent":748,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Psychology","psychology",{"__typename":610,"name":697,"slug":698,"parent":749},{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653},{"name":751,"slug":752,"order":13,"parent":753,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Publishing partnerships","publishing-partnerships",{"__typename":610,"name":685,"slug":686,"parent":13},{"name":652,"slug":653,"order":13,"parent":13,"isEligibleForPosts":689},{"name":55,"slug":115,"order":13,"parent":756,"isEligibleForPosts":100},{"__typename":610,"name":666,"slug":667,"parent":13},{"name":758,"slug":759,"order":13,"parent":760,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Robotics and AI","robotics-and-ai",{"__typename":610,"name":672,"slug":673,"parent":761},{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653},{"name":763,"slug":764,"order":13,"parent":765,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Social science","social-science",{"__typename":610,"name":697,"slug":698,"parent":766},{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653},{"name":768,"slug":769,"order":13,"parent":770,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Society journal news","society-journal-news",{"__typename":610,"name":685,"slug":686,"parent":13},{"name":772,"slug":773,"order":13,"parent":774,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Space sciences and astronomy","space-sciences-astronomy",{"__typename":610,"name":649,"slug":650,"parent":775},{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653},{"name":88,"slug":777,"order":13,"parent":778,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"sustainability",{"__typename":610,"name":649,"slug":650,"parent":779},{"__typename":610,"name":652,"slug":653},{"name":781,"slug":782,"order":13,"parent":13,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Top news","top-news",{"name":784,"slug":785,"order":13,"parent":786,"isEligibleForPosts":100},"Young Minds","young-minds",{"__typename":610,"name":666,"slug":667,"parent":13},{"_context":788,"url":794,"defaultLocale":795,"trailingSlash":689,"titleSeparator":796,"name":797,"indexable":100,"debug":689},{"url":789,"defaultLocale":790,"trailingSlash":790,"titleSeparator":790,"name":791,"indexable":792,"debug":793},"nitro:init","defaults","package.json","system","nuxt:config:site","https://science-news-2023.frontiersin.org/","en","|","science-news-2023",{"ibar":13,"footer":13,"Lw5SVy8Jx9":13},"/news/2021/06/14/luxembourg-and-frontiers-strike-national-open-access-publishing-agreement/"]</script><script>window.__NUXT__={};window.__NUXT__.config={public:{isDevMode:false,gtmId:"GTM-55799X7",gtmAuth:"wu4zNXypdxbpNvFCndDH_A",gtmPreview:"env-1",gtmServerUrl:"https://tag-manager.frontiersin.org",baseUrl:"https://www.frontiersin.org",appName:"science-news-2023",spaceId:1,spaceName:"Frontiers",domain:"frontiersin.org",loopUrl:"https://loop.frontiersin.org",ssMainDomain:"frontiersin.org",journalsPagesUrl:"https://www.frontiersin.org/api/v3/journals",faviconSize16:"https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_16-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png",faviconSize32:"https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_32-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png",faviconSize180:"https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_180-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png",site:{_context:{defaultLocale:"defaults",trailingSlash:"defaults",titleSeparator:"defaults",name:"package.json",indexable:"system",debug:"nuxt:config:site"},defaultLocale:"en",trailingSlash:false,titleSeparator:"|",name:"science-news-2023",indexable:true,debug:false}},app:{baseURL:"/",buildAssetsDir:"science-news/_nuxt",cdnURL:""}}</script><script type="module" src="/science-news/_nuxt/entry.7ee3a553.js" crossorigin></script></body> </html>