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id="toc-Other_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Other names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Colonial_Era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Colonial_Era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pre-Colonial Era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Colonial_Era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_Colonial_Era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_Colonial_Era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Spanish Colonial Era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_Colonial_Era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Villa_Fernandina_de_Vigan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Villa_Fernandina_de_Vigan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Villa Fernandina de Vigan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Villa_Fernandina_de_Vigan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ciudad_Fernandina_de_Vigan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ciudad_Fernandina_de_Vigan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Ciudad Fernandina de Vigan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ciudad_Fernandina_de_Vigan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippine_Revolution_and_American_Occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippine_Revolution_and_American_Occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Philippine Revolution and American Occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippine_Revolution_and_American_Occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-UNESCO_World_Heritage_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UNESCO_World_Heritage_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>UNESCO World Heritage City</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UNESCO_World_Heritage_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cityhood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityhood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Cityhood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New7Wonders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New7Wonders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>New7Wonders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New7Wonders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022_Luzon_earthquake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_Luzon_earthquake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.3</span> <span>2022 Luzon earthquake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_Luzon_earthquake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soil_type" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soil_type"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Soil type</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soil_type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barangays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barangays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Barangays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barangays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geologic_base_and_mineral_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geologic_base_and_mineral_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Geologic base and mineral resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geologic_base_and_mineral_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physiography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Physiography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weather_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weather_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Weather and climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weather_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elected_officials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elected_officials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Elected officials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elected_officials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Longganiza_festival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Longganiza_festival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Longganiza festival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Longganiza_festival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metro_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Metro transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Land transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Air transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-TV_Stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TV_Stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>TV Stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TV_Stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cable_&_Satellite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cable_&_Satellite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Cable & Satellite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cable_&_Satellite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_person" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_person"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable person</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_person-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vigan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فيغان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيغان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viqan" title="Viqan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Viqan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Віган – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Віган" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan_City" title="Vigan City – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vigan City" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Μπίγαν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπίγαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vig%C3%A1n" title="Vigán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vigán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86)" title="ویگان (فیلیپین) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویگان (فیلیپین)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan_(Philippines)" title="Vigan (Philippines) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vigan (Philippines)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vig%C3%A1n" title="Vigán – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vigán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EA%B0%84_(%ED%95%84%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%80)" title="비간 (필리핀) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비간 (필리핀)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Վիգան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիգան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="विगान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विगान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Vigan" title="Kota Vigan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kota Vigan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan_(Filippine)" title="Vigan (Filippine) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vigan (Filippine)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9F_(%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D)" title="ויגאן (הפיליפינים) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויגאן (הפיליפינים)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ვიგანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიგანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Виган шаары – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Виган шаары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigana_(Filip%C4%ABnas)" title="Vigana (Filipīnas) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vigana (Filipīnas)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viganas_(Filipinai)" title="Viganas (Filipinai) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Viganas (Filipinai)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="भिगन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भिगन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%BB" title="വിഗൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിഗൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="विगन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विगन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Виган – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Виган" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AE%E1%80%82%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဗီဂန်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗီဂန်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="भिगन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भिगन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3" title="ビガン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビガン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan_City" title="Vigan City – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vigan City" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan_(Filipiny)" title="Vigan (Filipiny) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Vigan (Filipiny)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Виган – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Виган" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="บีกัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บีกัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE,_%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8)" title="Віган (місто, Філіппіни) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Віган (місто, Філіппіни)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ویگان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویگان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vigan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%98" title="維甘 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="維甘" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B8" title="美岸 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美岸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q235004#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Ilocos Sur, Philippines</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Vegan" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan">Vegan</a> or the English town of <a href="/wiki/Wigan" title="Wigan">Wigan</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Component city in Ilocos Region, Philippines</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Vigan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#Legal_classification" title="Cities of the Philippines">Component city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">City of Vigan</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calle_Crisologo,_Vigan,_Philippines_-_One_of_The_New_7_Wonder_Cities_of_The_World.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Calle Crisólogo"><img alt="Calle Crisólogo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Calle_Crisologo%2C_Vigan%2C_Philippines_-_One_of_The_New_7_Wonder_Cities_of_The_World.jpg/250px-Calle_Crisologo%2C_Vigan%2C_Philippines_-_One_of_The_New_7_Wonder_Cities_of_The_World.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Calle_Crisologo%2C_Vigan%2C_Philippines_-_One_of_The_New_7_Wonder_Cities_of_The_World.jpg/375px-Calle_Crisologo%2C_Vigan%2C_Philippines_-_One_of_The_New_7_Wonder_Cities_of_The_World.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Calle_Crisologo%2C_Vigan%2C_Philippines_-_One_of_The_New_7_Wonder_Cities_of_The_World.jpg/500px-Calle_Crisologo%2C_Vigan%2C_Philippines_-_One_of_The_New_7_Wonder_Cities_of_The_World.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3721" data-file-height="2789" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Calle Crisólogo</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viganflag.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Vigan"><img alt="Flag of Vigan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Viganflag.png/110px-Viganflag.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Viganflag.png/165px-Viganflag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Viganflag.png/220px-Viganflag.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="700" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Vigan.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Vigan"><img alt="Official seal of Vigan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_Vigan.gif/80px-Seal_of_Vigan.gif" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_Vigan.gif/120px-Seal_of_Vigan.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_Vigan.gif/160px-Seal_of_Vigan.gif 2x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="312" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>Heritage City</i></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>Viva Vigan!</i></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: Vigan City Hymn</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_locator_ilocos_sur_vigan.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Ilocos Sur with Vigan highlighted"><img alt="Map of Ilocos Sur with Vigan highlighted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ph_locator_ilocos_sur_vigan.png/250px-Ph_locator_ilocos_sur_vigan.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Ph_locator_ilocos_sur_vigan.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="350" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of Ilocos Sur with Vigan highlighted</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">OpenStreetMap</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_b9e8c882dbc7bcd26128f1e429f89648293cccde"]"><img 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.pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippines_location_map_(square).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vigan is located in Philippines"><img alt="Vigan is located in Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Philippines_location_map_%28square%29.svg/250px-Philippines_location_map_%28square%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Philippines_location_map_%28square%29.svg/375px-Philippines_location_map_%28square%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Philippines_location_map_%28square%29.svg/500px-Philippines_location_map_%28square%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1332" data-file-height="1332" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.451%;left:37.133%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Vigan"><img alt="Vigan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Vigan</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vigan&params=17.57472_N_120.38694_E_region:PH_type:city(53935)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°34′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°23′13″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.57472°N 120.38694°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.57472; 120.38694</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Provinces of the Philippines">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur">Ilocos Sur</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines#District_representation" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Sur%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Ilocos Sur's 1st congressional district"> 1st district</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Date_of_establishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Date of establishment">Founded</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1572</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cityhood</th><td class="infobox-data">January 22, 2001</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">Barangays</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b>39 (see <a href="#Barangays">Barangays</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sangguniang_Panlungsod" title="Sangguniang Panlungsod">Sangguniang Panlungsod</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Jose C. Singson</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Vice_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Mayor">Vice Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Randolf V. Singson</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines#Current_composition" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">Representative</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ronald V. Singson</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Sangguniang_Panlungsod" title="Sangguniang Panlungsod">City Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Members</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;display:none;white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;max-width:15em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-style:solid none;border-width:thin;border-color:Gainsboro;background-color:#e6e6e6;text-align:center;width:95%;font-variant:small-caps;"></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Janina Carine S. Medina-Fariñas</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Evaristo Singson III</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Larry Raboy</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Joy Benette A. Orio</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Nestor Pajaro</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Atty. Glendale Benzon</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ada Joana Fe E. Artajos</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Alistin Arce</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Liborio F. Arca</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Karen R. Baquiran</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jay Andia</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Edmund A. Supnet</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mary Ann M. Ataup <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Philippines#Qualification" title="Elections in the Philippines">Electorate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">34,083 voters (<a href="/wiki/Philippine_general_election,_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine general election, 2022">2022</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-popcen2015_r3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popcen2015_r3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">25.12 km<sup>2</sup> (9.70 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">69 m (226 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,104 m (3,622 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 m (0 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020 census)<sup id="cite_ref-PSA20–01_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA20–01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">53,935</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,100/km<sup>2</sup> (5,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Household" title="Household">Households</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">12,702</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Philippines" title="Economy of the Philippines">Economy</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Philippines#Income_classification" title="Municipalities of the Philippines">Income class</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4th city income class</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Measuring_poverty" title="Measuring poverty">Poverty incidence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="width:100px;display:inline;"><div role="img" style="border-color:none;box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em; height: 1.0em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: olivedrab; width: 8.72%; height: 100%;"></div></div>8.72</div>% (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">Revenue</a></th><td class="infobox-data">₱ 604.3 million (2020), 288.3 million (2012), 317.2 million (2013), 285.7 million (2014), 402.2 million (2015), 379.6 million (2016), 475.3 million (2017), 628.1 million (2018), 594.6 million (2019), 677 million (2021), 850.5 million (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data">₱ 1,831 million (2020), 558.5 million (2012), 680.2 million (2013), 622.4 million (2014), 942.2 million (2015), 766.1 million (2016), 1,110 million (2017), 1,434 million (2018), 1,741 million (2019), 1,947 million (2021), 2,175 million (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Expenditure" class="mw-redirect" title="Expenditure">Expenditure</a></th><td class="infobox-data">₱ 520.1 million (2020), 224.1 million (2012), 277.4 million (2013), 265.1 million (2014), 288.5 million (2015), 276 million (2016), 339.3 million (2017), 388 million (2018), 418.5 million (2019), 570.5 million (2021), 637.7 million (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Liability_(financial_accounting)" title="Liability (financial accounting)">Liabilities</a></th><td class="infobox-data">₱ 320.8 million (2020), 113.7 million (2012), 145.5 million (2013), 151.5 million (2014), 159.3 million (2015), 139.4 million (2016), 184.8 million (2017), 184.6 million (2018), 342.3 million (2019), 309.6 million (2021), 367.3 million (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Service provider<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_electric_distribution_utilities_in_the_Philippines" title="List of electric distribution utilities in the Philippines">Electricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ilocos Sur Electric Cooperative (ISECO)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philippine_Standard_Time" title="Philippine Standard Time">PST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ZIP_codes_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ZIP codes in the Philippines">ZIP code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">2700</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/classification/psgc/"><abbr title="Philippine Standard Geographic Code">PSGC</abbr></a></span></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/classification/psgc/?q=psgc/barangays/012934000&regcode=01&provcode=29">012934000</a></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_direct_dialing" title="International direct dialing">IDD</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>:<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Philippines" title="Telephone numbers in the Philippines">area code</a> </span></span></th><td class="infobox-data">+63 (0)77</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">Native languages</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ilocano<br /> Tagalog</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vigancity.gov.ph/">www<wbr />.vigancity<wbr />.gov<wbr />.ph</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Historic City of Vigan</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: (ii), (iv)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/502rev">502rev</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1999 (23rd <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vigan</b>, officially the <b>City of Vigan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a>: <i lang="ilo">Siudad ti Vigan</i>; <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>: <i lang="fil">Lungsod ng Vigan</i>), is a <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#Legal_classification" title="Cities of the Philippines">component city</a> and capital of the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Provinces of the Philippines">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur">Ilocos Sur</a>, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 53,935 people.<sup id="cite_ref-PSA20–01_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA20–01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Located on the western coast of the large island of <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, facing the <a href="/wiki/West_Philippine_Sea" title="West Philippine Sea">West Philippine Sea</a>, it is a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is one of the few Spanish colonial towns left in the Philippines whose old structures have mostly remained intact. It is well known for its <a href="/wiki/Sett_(paving)" title="Sett (paving)">sett</a> pavements and a unique architecture of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Philippines">Spanish Philippines</a> colonial era which fuses native Philippine and Oriental building designs and construction, with colonial Spanish architecture that is still abundant in the area, mainly the <a href="/wiki/Bahay_na_bato" title="Bahay na bato">bahay na bato</a> houses and an <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_Baroque" title="Earthquake Baroque">Earthquake Baroque</a> church. Former Philippine president <a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a>, the sixth <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">president of the Philippines</a>, was born in Vigan, at the former location of the Provincial Jail (his father was a warden).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also resided in the <a href="/wiki/Syquia_Mansion" title="Syquia Mansion">Syquia Mansion</a>, which is a wedding gift of his in-laws to his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entire city of Vigan was later inscribed as a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_City" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage City">World Heritage City</a> after being declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_World_Heritage_Cities" title="Organization of World Heritage Cities">Organization of World Heritage Cities</a> (OWHC). </p><p>In May 2015, Vigan was officially recognized as one of the <a href="/wiki/New7WondersCities" class="mw-redirect" title="New7WondersCities">New7Wonders Cities</a> together with <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, and <a href="/wiki/La_Paz" title="La Paz">La Paz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New7Wonders Foundation president and founding member Bernard Weber led a ceremony held at <a href="/wiki/Vigan_Cathedral" title="Vigan Cathedral">St. Paul Cathedral</a> where he handed a bronze plaque to former Vigan Mayor Eva Grace Singson-Medina, signifying the heritage city's election as one of the world's wonder cities.<sup id="cite_ref-editorialinsider.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-editorialinsider.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The area of Vigan was originally a settlement of traders coming from the <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> Province, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a>. At the time of Spanish colonisation, the Chinese settlers, whose language was <a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a> (<a href="/wiki/Min_Nan" class="mw-redirect" title="Min Nan">Min Nan</a>, often referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Hokkien</a>" by most Filipinos), referred to the area as <i>Bee Gan</i> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">美岸</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">měi'àn</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a>: <i><span lang="nan-Latn">bí-gān</span></i>), which means "Beautiful Shore." Since the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spanish</a> settlers interchanged V and the B to refer to the /b/ sound, they spelled the Hokkien Chinese name "Bee Gan" as <i>Vigan</i>, which is the name used to this day. </p><p>Vigan's Chinese heritage is still evident from the numerous elite Chinese creole families who come from the area, many of whom adopted Hispanic family names. Others, such as the Syquia family, have retained Chinese-derived surnames. However all of the Chinese creole families are Christian and adopted the Hispanic culture themselves. </p><p>The most commonly known source of the city's name is from the Biga'a plant, which once grew abundantly along the banks of the Mestizo River, from which captain <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Salcedo" title="Juan de Salcedo">Juan de Salcedo</a> derived the city's name<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (after a misunderstanding with the locals, thinking he was asking the name of the plants). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_names">Other names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city's full name at the time of its Spanish foundation was <i>Villa Fernandina</i>, or "Town of Ferdinand", in honor of Prince <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias">Ferdinand</a>, the firstborn son of King <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the city grew, and the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Nueva_Segovia" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia">Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia</a> transferred to Vigan, it was later renamed <i>Ciudad Fernandina de Vigan</i> ("Ferdinand's City of Vigan/Fernandine City of Vigan"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landing_Fields_-_Philippines_-_Luzon_Island_-_NARA_-_68161222.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Landing_Fields_-_Philippines_-_Luzon_Island_-_NARA_-_68161222.jpg/220px-Landing_Fields_-_Philippines_-_Luzon_Island_-_NARA_-_68161222.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Landing_Fields_-_Philippines_-_Luzon_Island_-_NARA_-_68161222.jpg/330px-Landing_Fields_-_Philippines_-_Luzon_Island_-_NARA_-_68161222.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Landing_Fields_-_Philippines_-_Luzon_Island_-_NARA_-_68161222.jpg/440px-Landing_Fields_-_Philippines_-_Luzon_Island_-_NARA_-_68161222.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6902" data-file-height="5428" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Vigan, circa 1940s</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Colonial_Era">Pre-Colonial Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pre-Colonial Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to <a href="/wiki/Siltation" title="Siltation">silting</a> of the Mestizo River, Vigan is no longer separated from the mainland, therefore no longer an island. The city is unique in the Philippines because it is one of many extensive surviving Philippine historic cities, dating back to the 16th century. </p><p>Vigan was a coastal trading post long before the Spaniards arrived; Chinese traders sailing from the South China Sea came to <i>Isla de Vigan</i> (Island of Vigan) via the Mestizo River that surrounded it. On board their ships were seafaring merchants who came to trade goods from other Asian kingdoms in exchange for gold, beeswax, and other mountain products brought by the indigenous peoples from the <a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="Cordillera Administrative Region">Cordillera region</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_Colonial_Era">Spanish Colonial Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Spanish Colonial Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the book <i>The Philippine Island</i> (Vol. III, p. 276, Blair and Robertson) two letters from <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Philippines" title="Governor-General of the Philippines">Governor-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Guido_de_Lavezaris" title="Guido de Lavezaris">Guido de Lavezaris</a> to King <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> mention: "It seemed best to send Captain Juan de Salcedo with 70 or 80 soldiers to explore the coast of Los Ilocanos on the shores of the river called Bigan." The Spaniards led by Salcedo marched north from Manila on May 20, 1572. They arrived in Vigan on June 13, 1572.<sup id="cite_ref-IlocosHeritage_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IlocosHeritage-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Villa_Fernandina_de_Vigan">Villa Fernandina de Vigan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Villa Fernandina de Vigan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thus, after the successful expedition and the exploration of the North, Juan de Salcedo founded "Villa Fernandina de Vigan" in honor of King Philip II's son, Prince Ferdinand, who died at the age of four. From Vigan, Salcedo rounded the tip of Luzón and proceeded to pacify <a href="/wiki/Camarines" class="mw-redirect" title="Camarines">Camarines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albay" title="Albay">Albay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Catanduanes" title="Catanduanes">Catanduanes</a>. As a reward for his services to the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">King of Spain</a>, Salcedo was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Ilocos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilocos">old province of Ilocos</a>, which consisted of the modern provinces of <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a>, Ilocos Sur, <a href="/wiki/Abra_(province)" title="Abra (province)">Abra</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a> and part of <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Province" title="Mountain Province">Mountain Province</a> as his <a href="/wiki/Hacienda" title="Hacienda">hacienda</a> (estate), and was accorded the title of <i>Justicia Mayor de esta Provincia de Ylocos</i> (Province Mayor of Ilocos).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1574, Salcedo returned to the capital of his <i><a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">encomienda</a></i> (trusteeship), Vigan, bringing with him his soldiers and some <a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinian</a> missionaries to pioneer the evangelization of the Ilocos region. He established a Spanish city for the purpose of controlling the neighboring country. </p><p>Governor General <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B3mez_P%C3%A9rez_Dasmari%C3%B1as" title="Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas">Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas</a>, in his account of <i>encomienda</i> dated in Manila on May 31, 1591, states: "The town of Vigan called <i>Villa Fernandina</i> consisted of Spanish settlers; a priest; a Justice Alcalde Mayor (Governor); and a Deputy. The King collects 800 tributes (equivalent to 3,200 subjects)." During this period, Vigan was composed of 19 <i>barrio</i>s (districts). </p><p>Between 1645 and 1660, Vigan was divided into 21 <i>Cabezas de Barrio</i> (Town Mayors) as mentioned in the <i>Libro de Casamiento</i> (Book of Marriage); from the records of the parish house of Vigan found in its archives. Separated from the indigenous population, the Chinese migrants were residents in a neighbourhood called El Pariancillo, los Sangleyes del parian (The Sangleyes of the Parian); and the Spanish settlers were residents in a town called <i>Los Españoles de la Villa</i> (The Town Spaniards). The Spaniards consisted of about 60 Spanish Households.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region of <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilocos region">Ilocos</a> where Vigan is located is also recorded to have had 631 mixed <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Filipinos" title="Spanish Filipinos">Spanish-Filipino</a> families.<sup id="cite_ref-Estadismo2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Estadismo2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31">: 31 </span></sup> It also had 44,852 native families.<sup id="cite_ref-Estadismo2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Estadismo2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31">: 31 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ciudad_Fernandina_de_Vigan">Ciudad Fernandina de Vigan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ciudad Fernandina de Vigan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1755, Bp. Juan de la Fuente Yepes made a request to the King Fernando VI to move the Diocese of Nueva Segovie to Villa Fernandina due to the deteriorating status of Lal-lo. In 1758, with the Royal Decree signed by Fernando VI, Villa Fernadina became Ciudad Fernandina de Vigan and the See of Nueva Segovia was transferred from Lal-lo, Cagayan. The bell ensconced within the belfry of Vigan, has the imprinted words of the decree. Wherever the clang of the bell reaches, it marks the territory of Ciudad Fernandina de Vigan. In 1849, <a href="/wiki/Leona_Florentino" title="Leona Florentino">Leona Florentino</a>, the mother of Philippine women's literature, was born in Vigan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippine_Revolution_and_American_Occupation">Philippine Revolution and American Occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Philippine Revolution and American Occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Revolution" title="Philippine Revolution">Philippine Revolution</a>, revolutionary forces under <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Tinio" title="Manuel Tinio">Manuel Tinio</a>, supported by the Ilocano rebels, attacked and defeated the Spanish colonial forces and captured the city in the Siege of Vigan.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a>, American forces led by Commander McCracken and Lt. Col. <a href="/wiki/James_Parker_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="James Parker (Medal of Honor)">James Parker</a> occupied the town in Nov. 1899.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Vigan was one of the first places in the Philippines <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Vigan" title="Japanese invasion of Vigan">invaded by Japan</a> on December 10, 1941. In 1945, combined U.S. and <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Commonwealth">Philippine Commonwealth</a> ground troops, aided by Ilocano resistance fighters, defeated the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Imperial_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Imperial forces">Japanese Imperial forces</a> and liberated Vigan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="UNESCO_World_Heritage_City">UNESCO World Heritage City</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: UNESCO World Heritage City"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999, Vigan was listed by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> as the best preserved example of Spanish colonial towns in Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its architecture is the conglomeration of cultural elements from the Philippines, China, and Spain, making it unique in the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cityhood">Cityhood</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cityhood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines" title="Cities of the Philippines">Cities of the Philippines</a></div> <p>On December 27, 2000, then <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a> signed Republic Act No. 8988, that "revalidated and recognized" Vigan's city status granted by virtue of the Royal Decree of September 7, 1757, issued by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VI of Spain">Ferdinand VI</a>, King of Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This legislation serves as Vigan's present city charter. The charter did not provide a clause for a plebiscite and the law took effect in January 2001. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New7Wonders">New7Wonders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: New7Wonders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 7, 2014, Vigan was named as one of the <i><a href="/wiki/New7WondersCities" class="mw-redirect" title="New7WondersCities">New7Wonders Cities</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2022_Luzon_earthquake">2022 Luzon earthquake</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2022 Luzon earthquake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2022_Luzon_earthquake" title="2022 Luzon earthquake">2022 Luzon earthquake</a></div> <p>On July 27, 2022, a 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck parts of <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> damaging the city's <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage</a> sites including the <a href="/wiki/Vigan_Cathedral" title="Vigan Cathedral">Vigan Cathedral</a> and old-century houses, as well as few power lines toppled along Calle Crisologo.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vigan_coast_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Vigan_coast_3.jpg/220px-Vigan_coast_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Vigan_coast_3.jpg/330px-Vigan_coast_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Vigan_coast_3.jpg/440px-Vigan_coast_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Vigan coast</figcaption></figure> <p>Vigan is situated in the northern part of Luzon, the Philippines’ largest island. It serves as the capital of Ilocos Sur and has been a major political and trading center since before the Spanish colonizers arrived in the Philippines. </p><p>It is 407 kilometres (253 mi) away from <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, 82 kilometres (51 mi) away from <a href="/wiki/Laoag_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Laoag City">Laoag City</a>, and 138 kilometres (86 mi) away from <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_La_Union" title="San Fernando, La Union">San Fernando, La Union</a>, the regional capital of Ilocos Region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Its 2,511 hectares (6,200 acres) of land consists mostly of plains with gentle hills. Its boundaries on the north, east, south, and west are the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Bantay,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantay, Ilocos Sur">Bantay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa, Ilocos Sur">Santa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caoayan,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Caoayan, Ilocos Sur">Caoayan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Catalina, Ilocos Sur">Santa Catalina</a>, respectively. The <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> is on its southwest portion. </p><p>Majority of its land, 60 percent of it, is used for agriculture. Around 32 percent is made up of residential area, nearly three percent are for commercial and industrial use, and around one percent is for institutional purposes. There are also forest reserves and fishponds included in Vigan's land area. </p><p>Vigan is made up of 39 barangays. Thirty of them are classified as rural, but they occupy only 2,366 hectares. The remaining nine are classified as <i><a href="/wiki/Poblacion" title="Poblacion">poblacion</a></i> barangays and are together 144.75 hectares big. </p><p>The barangays of Pagburnayan, Paoa, and Tamag are on the area of rolling plains. On the other hand, portions of Barangays Tamag and the barangays of Bulala and Salindeg are found on the city's hilly parts. </p><p>Its most dominant hill feature is the Vigan Gap Hill in the eastern part, just 10 kilometers away from the city. Vigan used to be separated from the rest of the mainland by the rivers of <a href="/wiki/Abra_River" title="Abra River">Abra</a>, Mestizo and Govantes, making it an island during that time. The Govantes River cuts the current Vigan plain from North to South. </p><p>The large Abra and Mestizo rivers, together with the rivers of Bantay, Bantaoay, Nauman and Santo Tomas serve as part of a network that drain the Vigan plains. These rivers are not only important in safekeeping the city from floods, they also served as important ways of transport for trade-related activities from the 15th century to the 19th century, that helped make Vigan a thriving center. The most vital of these rivers is said to be the Mestizo River which was used by the small vessels to transport goods and people. </p><p>There is a faulting trend in the Vigan plain that ends in Santa Catalina. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soil_type">Soil type</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Soil type"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The land area of Vigan is generally flat. Slopes of 20 are found at Barangay V, Tamag, and Paoa. There are no forest reserves in the city in terms of potential and raw materials. Bamboo is the only forest product in Vigan. </p><p>There are five soil types in the city. First, the <i>Bantay Loam</i>, located at the southern portion of Raois, has a land area of 36.67 hectares, and is good as pastureland. The second, <i>Umingan sandy</i>, with a land area of 1191.57 hectares, is good for upland rice and vegetables. The third, <i>San Manuel clay loam</i>, which is best for bananas, cotton and vegetables, has an area of 1244.57 hectares. The fourth, <i>Bantog clay</i>—considered as the most significant type for soil, and the best clay material for making pots, jars and all earthenware, has a land area of 31.65 hectares. The fifth, <i>beach sand</i>, with a land area of 7.28 hectares, is generally found on the shores of all the beaches of Vigan, and is best for coconut plantation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barangays">Barangays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Barangays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vigan_Barangay_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vigan_Barangay_Map.png/300px-Vigan_Barangay_Map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vigan_Barangay_Map.png/450px-Vigan_Barangay_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vigan_Barangay_Map.png/600px-Vigan_Barangay_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Barangay map of the City of Vigan</figcaption></figure> <p>Vigan is politically subdivided into 39 <a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">barangays</a>.<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><sup id="cite_ref-nscb-area_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nscb-area-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each barangay consists of <a href="/wiki/Purok" title="Purok">puroks</a> and some have <a href="/wiki/Sitios" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitios">sitios</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li>Ayusan Norte</li> <li>Ayusan Sur</li> <li>Barangay I (<i>Poblacion</i>)</li> <li>Barangay II (<i>Poblacion</i>)</li> <li>Barangay III (<i>Poblacion</i>)</li> <li>Barangay IV (<i>Poblacion</i>)</li> <li>Barangay IX (<i>Poblacion</i>)</li> <li>Barangay V (<i>Poblacion</i>)</li> <li>Barangay VI (<i>Poblacion</i>)</li> <li>Barangay VII (<i>Poblacion</i>)</li> <li>Barangay VIII (<i>Poblacion</i>)</li> <li>Barraca</li> <li>Beddeng Daya</li> <li>Beddeng Laud</li> <li>Bongtolan</li> <li>Bulala</li> <li>Cabalangegan</li> <li>Cabaroan Daya</li> <li>Cabaroan Laud</li> <li>Camangaan</li> <li>Capangpangan</li> <li>Mindoro</li> <li>Nagsangalan</li> <li>Pantay Daya</li> <li>Pantay Fatima</li> <li>Pantay Laud</li> <li>Paoa</li> <li>Paratong</li> <li>Pong-ol</li> <li>Purok-a-bassit</li> <li>Purok-a-dackel</li> <li>Raois</li> <li>Rugsuanan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salindeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Salindeg">Salindeg</a></li> <li>San Jose</li> <li>San Julian Norte</li> <li>San Julian Sur</li> <li>San Pedro</li> <li>Tamag</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geologic_base_and_mineral_resources">Geologic base and mineral resources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Geologic base and mineral resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedimentary">sedimentary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamorphic">metamorphic</a> rocks that are present in the city are <a href="/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluviatile" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluviatile">fluviatile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lacustrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacustrine">lacustrine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paludal" title="Paludal">paludal</a> and beach deposits such as coral, stools, and beach rock. These are predominantly found along the coastal areas of Vigan. An important non-metallic mineral resource found in Vigan is the kind of clay that is used in making earthen jars locally called <i>burnay.</i> Earthenware of different uses and sizes are made of this kind of clay. Known as <i>Bantog clay</i>, the mineral is the basic material in making <a href="/wiki/Brick" title="Brick">bricks</a>. These bricks are the original materials in building the Hispanic houses of Vigan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physiography">Physiography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Physiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vigan is situated in a Quaternary Age sedimentary plain called the Vigan-Bantay Plain which is part of the Ilocos coastal plain. The Vigan-Bantay Plain is bounded on the east by a moderately rugged Miocene sediments consisting of interbedded <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shale</a> to very rugged Meta-volcanics and Meta sediment topography; on the south is <a href="/wiki/Santa,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa, Ilocos Sur">the Municipality of Santa</a> where the north–south trending fault terminates; to the west is the South China Sea; while the northern boundary opens to the northern extension of the Ilocos coastal plain. </p><p>The central part of the plain is characterized by a dissected ridge of <a href="/wiki/Plio-Pleistocene" title="Plio-Pleistocene">Plio-Pleistocene</a> age that trends in a northeast–southwest direction. The ridge divides the Vigan-Bantay Plain into northern and southern plains. </p><p>The northern part of the plain is drained by minor rivers namely: Bantaoay, Santo Tomas, and Nauman rivers, while the <a href="/wiki/Abra_River" title="Abra River">Abra River</a> is the main drainage network of the southern portion of the plain. The Abra River meanders into the hinterland but exhibits a braided pattern across the plain. </p><p>The drainage network of the eastern margin of Vigan-Bantay plain consist of deeply cut valleys whose pattern is strongly controlled by main faulting trends, particularly those in the northerly and easterly directions. </p><p>Vigan is being drained by the Vigan River and Bantay River, respectively, on the north and on the south by Mestizo River whose water discharge comes from the Bantaoay head waters. </p><p>The relief of the Vigan-Bantay plain is actively level to undulating with a slope ranging from 0% to 8%. Vigan in particular is generally in level with several hills in Barangays Tamag, Bulala, and Salindeg, sometimes reaching about 50 meters in elevation and has a slope ranging from 3% to 8%. </p><p>The eastern margin of the plain characterized by a steep to very steep slope, about 40% to 60%, the relief often reaches an elevation of more than 600 meters especially the northerly and easterly portion. </p><p>The dominant topographic feature in the eastern margin of the town is the Vigan Gap Hill where the continuously shifting Vigan River cuts its way. The Gap Hill is located approximately 10 kilometers east of Vigan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weather_and_climate">Weather and climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Weather and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Vigan (1991–2020, extremes 1903–2023) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7<br />(96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9<br />(98.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.8<br />(101.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.2<br />(100.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.2<br />(100.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9<br />(98.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1<br />(95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5<br />(99.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7<br />(98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5<br />(95.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1200; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.8<br />(101.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9<br />(87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(0.23) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(0.10) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(0.21) </td> <td style="background: #E4FFE4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(0.68) </td> <td style="background: #00FC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">173.0<br />(6.81) </td> <td style="background: #004C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">281.8<br />(11.09) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">529.8<br />(20.86) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">613.8<br />(24.17) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">356.2<br />(14.02) </td> <td style="background: #36FF36; color:#000000;" class="notheme">134.7<br />(5.30) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.7<br />(1.80) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(0.24) </td> <td style="background: #00EB00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,172.1<br />(85.52) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">97 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">79 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Atmospheric,_Geophysical_and_Astronomical_Services_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration">PAGASA</a><sup id="cite_ref-PAGASAnormals_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAGASAnormals-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PAGASAextremes_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAGASAextremes-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>The city of Vigan falls under (<a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical savanna</a>), which is characterized by two pronounced seasons – the dry season which starts from the month of November and ends in April; and the wet season which spans the months of May to October. The average annual rainfall is 2,506 millimetres (98.66 in) and the heaviest registered rainfall is 6,933 millimetres (272.95 in). </p><p>The average temperature is 26 °C. The average warmest temperature is 30.9 °C and the average coldest temperature is 21.1 °C. An average of 7-10 typhoons visit Vigan annually. The average relative humidity is 81%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaza_Burgos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Plaza_Burgos.jpg/220px-Plaza_Burgos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Plaza_Burgos.jpg/330px-Plaza_Burgos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Plaza_Burgos.jpg/440px-Plaza_Burgos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2340" /></a><figcaption>Plaza <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Burgos" title="José Burgos">José Burgos</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:auto;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Population census of Vigan</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:auto"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate. Executive Order 135 §6 states that for "census years" (years divisible by 10) the reference date would be May 1st, but for all other years, the reference date is to be the "middle of the year". This means that growth rates, although correct, are not necessarily simple year-on-year comparisons.">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1903 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">14,945</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1918 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,765</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.16%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,939</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.79%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1948 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,067</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.07%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">25,990</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.77%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:auto"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate. Executive Order 135 §6 states that for "census years" (years divisible by 10) the reference date would be May 1st, but for all other years, the reference date is to be the "middle of the year". This means that growth rates, although correct, are not necessarily simple year-on-year comparisons.">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,252</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.53%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">31,971</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.11%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">33,483</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.93%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">38,574</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1995 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,067</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.64%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:auto"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate. Executive Order 135 §6 states that for "census years" (years divisible by 10) the reference date would be May 1st, but for all other years, the reference date is to be the "middle of the year". This means that growth rates, although correct, are not necessarily simple year-on-year comparisons.">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">45,143</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.52%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">47,246</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.63%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">49,747</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.89%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2015 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">53,879</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.53%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">53,935</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.02%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">Philippine Statistics Authority</a><sup id="cite_ref-PSA15–01_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA15–01-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NSO10–01_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSO10–01-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NSO07-01_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSO07-01-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LWUA-PopulationData_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LWUA-PopulationData-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the 2020 census, Vigan had a population of 53,935.<sup id="cite_ref-PSA20–01_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA20–01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population density was 2,100 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,400/sq mi). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p style="margin-left: 20px;"><b>Poverty incidence of Vigan</b></p> <table style="font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding-top:10px;margin-top:1em;max-width:420px;" class="chart noresize"> <div style="position:relative;min-height:300px;min-width:420px;max-width:420px;"> <div style="float:right;position:relative;min-height:220px;min-width:320px;max-width:320px;border-left:1px black solid;border-bottom:1px black solid;"> <div style="position:absolute;left:7.5px;top:119px;height:100px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Vigan: 6.9"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:60.5px;top:38px;height:181px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Vigan: 12.43"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:113.5px;top:116px;height:103px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Vigan: 7.11"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:166.5px;top:92px;height:127px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Vigan: 8.73"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:219.5px;top:185px;height:34px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Vigan: 2.42"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:272.5px;top:92px;height:127px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Vigan: 8.72"></div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;height:220px;min-width:100px;max-width:100px;"> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:173px;padding:0 2px">2.5</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:183px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:137px;padding:0 2px">5</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:147px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:100px;padding:0 2px">7.5</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:110px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:63px;padding:0 2px">10</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:73px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:27px;padding:0 2px">12.5</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:37px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:-10px;padding:0 2px">15</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:0px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;top:220px;left:100px;width:320px;"> <div style="position:absolute;left:1px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2006 <br /> 6.90</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:26.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:54px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2009 <br /> 12.43</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:79.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:107px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2012 <br /> 7.11</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:132.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:160px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2015 <br /> 8.73</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:185.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:213px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2018 <br /> 2.42</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:238.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:266px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2021 <br /> 8.72</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:291.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> </div> </div> </div> <p style="margin-left: 20px;"> <b>Source:</b> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">Philippine Statistics Authority</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sangguniang_Panglungsod" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangguniang Panglungsod">Sangguniang Panglungsod</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilocos_Sur_Capitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ilocos_Sur_Capitol.jpg/220px-Ilocos_Sur_Capitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ilocos_Sur_Capitol.jpg/330px-Ilocos_Sur_Capitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ilocos_Sur_Capitol.jpg/440px-Ilocos_Sur_Capitol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1563" data-file-height="1032" /></a><figcaption>Ilocos Sur Capitol</figcaption></figure> <p>Vigan, belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_Ilocos_Sur" title="Legislative districts of Ilocos Sur">first congressional district</a> of the province of <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur">Ilocos Sur</a>, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a city council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elected_officials">Elected officials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Elected officials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.20em; font-size:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Position </th> <th>Name </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>District Representative</b><br />(1st Legislative District the Province of Ilocos Sur) </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Ronald Singson </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Chief Executive</b> of the City of Vigan </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Mayor Jose Bonito Singson Jr </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Presiding Officer</b> of the City Council of Vigan </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Randy Singson </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="10"><b>Councilors</b> of the City of Vigan </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Janina Carine S. Medina-Fariñas </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Alistin Arce </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Evaristo "Bobit" Singson III </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Larry Raboy </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Ada Joana Fe Artajos </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Glendale Benzon </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Karen Baquiran </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Nestor Pajaro </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Jay F. Andia </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Libong Arca </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaza_Salcedo_Vigan_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Plaza_Salcedo_Vigan_Church.jpg/220px-Plaza_Salcedo_Vigan_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Plaza_Salcedo_Vigan_Church.jpg/330px-Plaza_Salcedo_Vigan_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Plaza_Salcedo_Vigan_Church.jpg/440px-Plaza_Salcedo_Vigan_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1725" /></a><figcaption>Plaza Salcedo and <a href="/wiki/Vigan_Cathedral" title="Vigan Cathedral">Vigan Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vigan_Cathedral,_Vigan_,_Ilocos_Sur.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Vigan_Cathedral%2C_Vigan_%2C_Ilocos_Sur.JPG/220px-Vigan_Cathedral%2C_Vigan_%2C_Ilocos_Sur.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Vigan_Cathedral%2C_Vigan_%2C_Ilocos_Sur.JPG/330px-Vigan_Cathedral%2C_Vigan_%2C_Ilocos_Sur.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Vigan_Cathedral%2C_Vigan_%2C_Ilocos_Sur.JPG/440px-Vigan_Cathedral%2C_Vigan_%2C_Ilocos_Sur.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vigan_Cathedral" title="Vigan Cathedral">Saint Paul's Metropolitan Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Salcedo" title="Juan de Salcedo">Juan de Salcedo</a> founded Vigan in 1572, he decided to pattern its urban plan with that of <a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a>, the walled city in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>. </p><p>The urban planners of the Spanish government also followed a basic pattern that can be observed in most old towns in the country, whose establishment dates back to the Spanish colonial period. This pattern is detailed in the <i>Ley de las Indias,</i> the <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_the_Indies" title="Laws of the Indies">Law of the Indies</a>, and was put into force in the 18th century. Under the Law of the Indies streets were to follow a grid pattern, the center of which being a <a href="/wiki/Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaza">plaza</a> or central park. </p><p>In Vigan, the central park is the <a href="/wiki/Plaza_Salcedo" title="Plaza Salcedo">Plaza Salcedo</a>. Next to it are the administrative buildings—the Casa Real or provincial administrative office, and the <i>municipio</i> (<a href="/wiki/Municipal_hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal hall">municipal hall</a>). A stone's throw away are the religious buildings—the seminary of the archdiocese, the Arzobispado (Archbishop's Palace), and the <a href="/wiki/Vigan_Cathedral" title="Vigan Cathedral">St. Paul's Cathedral</a>. Beside these religious structures is the church-run school, the Saint Paul College, known in its early days as the <i>Colegio de Niñas.</i> After the full transfer of the said school to the neighboring towns of <a href="/wiki/Bantay,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantay, Ilocos Sur">Bantay</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Vicente,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Vicente, Ilocos Sur">San Vicente</a>, the building was handed over to the Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia and is currently being occupied by a retail store chain, with only a commemorative plaque at the building's entrance and the old "ROSARY COLLEGE" concrete sign at its rear reminding visitors of its past (the school's old logo, once found at the building's facade, has been removed sometime later). </p><p>A unique thing is the existence of another plaza, the <i>Plaza Burgos</i>, which is immediately beside the St. Paul's Cathedral. After the first tier emanating from Plaza Salcedo are the houses of prominent residents that now make up the preserved heritage houses of Vigan. This urban plan remained relatively intact despite wars and natural calamities that have been endured by Vigan since its foundation. </p><p>The major changes to the original urban landscape were caused by fires. The Casa Real was replaced with a provincial capitol building during the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Philippines (1898–1946)">American period</a> when the original structure burned down. The archdiocese seminary was also destroyed by fire in 1968, and it lay in ruins until the late 1990s, when part of a shopping mall was built on the site. </p><p>The residential areas were not spared. Some of the houses on Crisologo Street were casualties of fire during the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines" title="Japanese occupation of the Philippines">Japanese period</a>; several houses on Quezon Avenue were destroyed by fire as well in 1952; while in 1971, some houses near Plaza Burgos burned down as well. The houses along Crisologo Street that were burned were later reconstructed faithfully following the architecture of the former structures. </p><p>Presently, there are other major areas of activities other than the two plazas, though these are still where most recreation and shopping are done. One may also go to the southern part of the city to reach the commercial area and public market. The current Public Market is a new one, as the old one (formerly the <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda</a> Socio-Commercial Complex), on the same site, was (also) destroyed by fire. A new mall (opened in December 2017) has risen from the site of the city's first Public Market, found in the center of the business district, after being the site of some business establishments and a tricycle-for-hire terminal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WIKI-2012-negdelacruz-VIGAN-bricks_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/WIKI-2012-negdelacruz-VIGAN-bricks_04.jpg/220px-WIKI-2012-negdelacruz-VIGAN-bricks_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/WIKI-2012-negdelacruz-VIGAN-bricks_04.jpg/330px-WIKI-2012-negdelacruz-VIGAN-bricks_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/WIKI-2012-negdelacruz-VIGAN-bricks_04.jpg/440px-WIKI-2012-negdelacruz-VIGAN-bricks_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Calle Crisologo at night</figcaption></figure> <p>Popular sites include Calle Crisologo located in the Mestizo district- the old quarters of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Syquia Mansion Museum,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plaza Salcedo's Dancing Fountain,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Father_Burgos_House" title="Father Burgos House">Padre Burgos House</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Baluarte_Zoo" title="Baluarte Zoo">Baluarte Zoo</a>, and the National Museum of the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearby is the <a href="/wiki/Bantay_Church" title="Bantay Church">Bantay Church</a> Bell Tower. Of special note is the Hotel Luna, which houses an extensive collection of art, including La Mandolinera by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Luna" title="Juan Luna">Juan Luna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Centuries-old <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Church_(Ilocos_Sur)" title="Santa Maria Church (Ilocos Sur)">Sta. Maria Church</a>, designated also as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://experiencephilippines.org/vigan-ilocos-sur/">[1]</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Longganiza_festival">Longganiza festival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Longganiza festival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mayor Jose 'Bonito' Singson, Jr. led the 2024 Grand Parade of Vigan City Fiesta and <a href="/wiki/Vigan_longganisa" title="Vigan longganisa">Vigan longganisa</a> Festival. The 2024 Fiesta featured Banaoang Marathon, a 12-kilometer track from Banaoang Bridge from <a href="/wiki/Santa,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa, Ilocos Sur">Santa, Ilocos Sur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bantay,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantay, Ilocos Sur">Bantay, Ilocos Sur</a> boundary to the Plaza Burgos, Vigan, LGBTQIA+ Day, Vigan Conservation Complex symposium, Community Alay Gupit, Got Talent and fashion show, Vigan Food Festival, Search for Miss Vigan, Dog and Cat Fun Day, Longganisa Street Dance Showdown, Pinaka-Livestock contest, Education Day, and Social Services Night. On January 22, 2024, Vigan launched '101 Ways to Cook Longganisa' <a href="/wiki/Cookbook" title="Cookbook">cookbook</a> for the January 18–27, 2024 Longganisa Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horse_carriages_in_Vigan_City.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Horse_carriages_in_Vigan_City.JPG/220px-Horse_carriages_in_Vigan_City.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Horse_carriages_in_Vigan_City.JPG/330px-Horse_carriages_in_Vigan_City.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Horse_carriages_in_Vigan_City.JPG/440px-Horse_carriages_in_Vigan_City.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="1504" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Calesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Calesa">Calesa</a>, one of the modes of transportation in Vigan</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metro_transport">Metro transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Metro transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modes of transport within the city are purely land-based. Vehicles for public use include <a href="/wiki/Jeepney" title="Jeepney">jeepneys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motorized_tricycle_(Philippines)" title="Motorized tricycle (Philippines)">tricycles</a>, vans-for-hire (or PUVs/public utility vehicles) and <i><a href="/wiki/Calesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Calesa">calesa</a></i>s (horse-drawn vehicles). Buses, mini-buses and jeepneys provide transportation to and from Vigan. The metro Vigan transport system is mostly served by tricycles, which are color- and number-coded to identify their municipality of origin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_transportation">Land transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Land transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vigan City is well-served by a network of roads and a major highway that connects to <a href="/wiki/Manila_North_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Manila North Road">Manila North Road</a>, the highway leading to <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> and the rest of the country. Major bus companies such as <a href="/wiki/Dominion_Bus_Lines" title="Dominion Bus Lines">Dominion Bus Lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viron_Transit" title="Viron Transit">Viron Transit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Partas" title="Partas">Partas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Inocencio_Aniceto_Transportation" title="Inocencio Aniceto Transportation">Aniceto/St. Joseph</a> operate terminals in Vigan. <a href="/wiki/GV_Florida_Transport" title="GV Florida Transport">GMW Florida Transport</a> operates a terminal in <a href="/wiki/Bantay,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantay, Ilocos Sur">Bantay</a>, just outside Vigan. Bus companies such as Maria de Leon and <a href="/wiki/Fari%C3%B1as_Transit_Company" title="Fariñas Transit Company">Fariñas</a> pass by Vigan on their way to <a href="/wiki/Laoag" title="Laoag">Laoag</a>. They operate direct and/or indirect bus services from Vigan City to points in Luzon, mostly to Manila, <a href="/wiki/Baguio" title="Baguio">Baguio</a>, and Laoag and vice versa. There are also independent bus operators, who recently banded together to form different transport cooperatives,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> plying the Laoag-Vigan-Carmen and Vigan-Abra routes, and have a joint terminal found at the New Vigan Public Market Annex. A taxi service started operating in 2019, just before the COViD-19 pandemic struck. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_transportation">Air transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Air transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A secondary airport called <a href="/wiki/Vigan_Airport" title="Vigan Airport">Vigan Airport</a> (also known as Mindoro Airport) is located at Barangay Mindoro. It has one asphalted runway, 900 meters long and 30 meters wide. The airport was once a dormant asset of the city for it does not generate revenue, with only chartered and private planes using it; it is currently being upgraded and is on its way toward commercialization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Northern_Philippines" title="University of Northern Philippines">University of Northern Philippines</a> Main Campus — in Barangay Tamag. It is the oldest state university in Northern Luzon, founded by virtue of Republic Act 4449, authored by Congressman Floro Crisologo.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Word_College_of_Vigan" title="Divine Word College of Vigan">Divine Word College of Vigan</a> (formerly known as the <i>Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepción</i>) — the oldest privately funded school in <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur">Ilocos Sur</a>, founded by priests belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Divine_Word" title="Society of the Divine Word">Society of the Divine Word (SVD)</a> in 1822.</li> <li>Macro Colleges Inc. — the first computer college in the province, having evolved from being the first shop in Ilocos Sur to offer computer-based services. The school is now K-to-12 College, located at Quezon Avenue. Currently operated by the Nueva Segovia Consortium of Cooperatives.</li> <li>Ilocos Sur National High School (ISNHS) — the major national high school in the province.</li> <li>Lyceum de Ylocos — is a new school offering Technical-Vocational courses and is a registered Senior High School offering various Tracks that include ABM, GAS, HUMSS and TLE-Technical-Vocational Courses. Situated at the heart of the Heritage City, 3F Vigan Landmark Building, Barangay VIII. The school adopted a classical name to emphasize the grandeur of its location, the Heritage City of Vigan, the only awardee of the title New World Wonder City in the Philippines. It fosters the promotion of tourism and hospitality; promotes preservation of the cultural heritage and innovates towards service delivery and business processing. Lyceum de Ylocos is committed to be of service to students through the provisions of an environment where there would be opportunities to relate theories and knowledge to practical training.</li> <li>Data Center Colleges Philippines Vigan Branch - Data Center Philippines (DCPI) first came to Ilocos Sur through a partnership with the University of Northern Philippines for its computerization efforts in the late 80s. It later evolved independently as a college offering computer- and non-computer-related courses. Formerly operating where Lyceum de Ylocos is operating today, they are currently located in a building just outside UNP's Vigan Campus.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TV_Stations">TV Stations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: TV Stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>PTV Vigan Channel 4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Nation_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Nation Network">GNN Vigan</a> Channel 30</li> <li>TV5 Vigan Channel 32</li> <li>UNTV Vigan Channel 36</li> <li>Sonshine TV Vigan Channel 38</li> <li>GTV Vigan Channel 40</li> <li>One Sports Vigan Channel 46</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWBC-TV" title="DWBC-TV">GMA Vigan</a> Channel 48</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cable_&_Satellite"><span id="Cable_.26_Satellite"></span>Cable & Satellite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Cable & Satellite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Eaglevision Cable</li> <li>Vigan Satellite Cable TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cignal_TV" title="Cignal TV">Cignal TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Direct" title="Sky Direct">Sky Direct</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>AM Stations: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DZVV" title="DZVV">DZVV Bombo Radyo 603</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bombo_Radyo_Philippines" title="Bombo Radyo Philippines">Bombo Radyo Philippines</a>)</li> <li>DWAE Radyo Pilipinas 747 (<a href="/wiki/Philippine_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Broadcasting Service">Philippine Broadcasting Service</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWRS" title="DWRS">Radyo Commando 927</a> (Solidnorth Broadcasting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZNS" title="DZNS">DZNS 963 Radyo Totoo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Media_Network" title="Catholic Media Network">Catholic Media Network</a>)</li></ul> <p>FM Stations: </p> <ul><li>91.7 Brigada News FM (<a href="/wiki/Brigada_Mass_Media_Corporation" title="Brigada Mass Media Corporation">Brigada Mass Media Corporation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWVN-FM" class="mw-redirect" title="DWVN-FM">94.1 Magik FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Century_Broadcasting_Network" title="Century Broadcasting Network">Century Broadcasting Network</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWIA" title="DWIA">99.7 Core FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iddes_Broadcast_Group" title="Iddes Broadcast Group">Iddes Broadcast Group</a>)</li> <li>100.5 Campus Radio (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Northern_Philippines" title="University of Northern Philippines">University of Northern Philippines</a>)</li> <li>102.5 Live Frequency</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Local </th> <th>International </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cotabato_City" title="Cotabato City">Cotabato City</a>, Maguindanao del Norte</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Laoag" title="Laoag">Laoag</a>, Ilocos Norte</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Naga,_Camarines_Sur" title="Naga, Camarines Sur">Naga</a>, Camarines Sur</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ozamiz" title="Ozamiz">Ozamiz</a>, Misamis Occidental</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pagadian" title="Pagadian">Pagadian</a>, Zamboanga del Sur</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a>, Metro Manila<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Agadir</a>, Morocco</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a>, Madeira, Portugal</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>, Hawaii, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a>, Malaysia<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mar_del_Plata" title="Mar del Plata">Mar del Plata</a>, Argentina</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_person">Notable person</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Notable person"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chavit_Singson" title="Chavit Singson">Chavit Singson</a>, ex-politician, businessman.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floro_Crisologo" title="Floro Crisologo">Floro Crisologo</a>, lawyer, politician.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Crisologo" title="Vincent Crisologo">Vincent Crisologo</a>, ex-politician.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogelio_Singson" title="Rogelio Singson">Rogelio Singson</a>, ex-politician and former cabinet member.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelino_Cris%C3%B3logo" title="Marcelino Crisólogo">Marcelino Crisólogo</a>, politician, poet, writer and playwright. <i>Calle Crisologo</i> or <i>Mena Crisologo Street</i> was named after him.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelo_de_los_Reyes" title="Isabelo de los Reyes">Isabelo de los Reyes</a>, patriot, politician, writer, journalist, and labor activist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leona_Florentino" title="Leona Florentino">Leona Florentino</a>, poet, dramatist, and playwright; recognized as the "mother of Philippine women's literature".</li> <li>Bryan Quitoriano, radio broadcaster</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vigancity.gov.ph/governance/executive/">"City Officials – Vigan City"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Officials+%E2%80%93+Vigan+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvigancity.gov.ph%2Fgovernance%2Fexecutive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lgu201.dilg.gov.ph/view.php?r=01&p=29&m=34">City of Vigan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Interior_and_Local_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Interior and Local Government"> (DILG)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popcen2015_r3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popcen2015_r3_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/_POPCEN%20Report%20No.%203.pdf">"2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Philippine Statistics Authority</i>. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0117-1453">0117-1453</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525030629/https://www.psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/_POPCEN%20Report%20No.%203.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.atitle=2015+Census+of+Population%2C+Report+No.+3+%E2%80%93+Population%2C+Land+Area%2C+and+Population+Density&rft.date=2016-08&rft.issn=0117-1453&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psa.gov.ph%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F_POPCEN%2520Report%2520No.%25203.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PSA20–01-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PSA20–01_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PSA20–01_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PSA20–01_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_of_Population2020" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Census of Population (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/Region%25201.xlsx">"Region I (Ilocos Region)"</a>. <i>Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay</i>. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">Philippine Statistics Authority</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Region+I+%28Ilocos+Region%29&rft.btitle=Total+Population+by+Province%2C+City%2C+Municipality+and+Barangay&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Census+of+Population&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fphcd%2F2022-12%2FRegion%2525201.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psa.gov.ph/content/psa-releases-2021-city-and-municipal-level-poverty-estimates">"PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates"</a>. Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PSA+Releases+the+2021+City+and+Municipal+Level+Poverty+Estimates&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.date=2024-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psa.gov.ph%2Fcontent%2Fpsa-releases-2021-city-and-municipal-level-poverty-estimates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDomingo2022" class="citation web cs1">Domingo, Leander C. (2022-12-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/12/20/fast-times/time-to-visit-vigansecond-of-two-parts/1871027">"Time to visit Vigan Second of two parts"</a>. <i>The Manila Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Manila+Times&rft.atitle=Time+to+visit+Vigan+Second+of+two+parts&rft.date=2022-12-20&rft.aulast=Domingo&rft.aufirst=Leander+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.manilatimes.net%2F2022%2F12%2F20%2Ffast-times%2Ftime-to-visit-vigansecond-of-two-parts%2F1871027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/213337/quirino-house-aka-syquia-mansion-the-original-malacanang-of-the-north/">"Quirino House, aka Syquia Mansion–the original Malacañang of the North"</a>. <i>Lifestyle.INQ</i>. 2015-11-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lifestyle.INQ&rft.atitle=Quirino+House%2C+aka+Syquia+Mansion%E2%80%93the+original+Malaca%C3%B1ang+of+the+North&rft.date=2015-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flifestyle.inquirer.net%2F213337%2Fquirino-house-aka-syquia-mansion-the-original-malacanang-of-the-north%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTejada,_Ariel_Paolo2015" class="citation news cs1">Tejada, Ariel Paolo (May 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160128131839/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/05/09/1452765/vigan-declared-wonder-city?nomobile=1">"Vigan declared 'Wonder City'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Philippine Star</i>. Manila. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/05/09/1452765/vigan-declared-wonder-city?nomobile=1">the original</a> on January 28, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Vigan+declared+%27Wonder+City%27&rft.date=2015-05-09&rft.au=Tejada%2C+Ariel+Paolo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2015%2F05%2F09%2F1452765%2Fvigan-declared-wonder-city%3Fnomobile%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-editorialinsider.com-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-editorialinsider.com_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191115171611/http://www.editorialinsider.com/vigan-named-as-one-of-the-new7wonders/">"Vigan named as one of the New7Wonders"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://editorialinsider.com/vigan-named-as-one-of-the-new7wonders/">the original</a> on 2019-11-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vigan+named+as+one+of+the+New7Wonders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feditorialinsider.com%2Fvigan-named-as-one-of-the-new7wonders%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MGKQ2Xi7y4AC"><i>The Regional State of Brown Environment Report</i></a>. Environmental Management Bureau. 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Regional+State+of+Brown+Environment+Report&rft.pub=Environmental+Management+Bureau&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMGKQ2Xi7y4AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCimatu2015" class="citation web cs1">Cimatu, Frank (2015-05-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/690914/vigan-sleepy-city-with-big-dreams">"Vigan: Sleepy city with big dreams"</a>. <i>INQUIRER.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=INQUIRER.net&rft.atitle=Vigan%3A+Sleepy+city+with+big+dreams&rft.date=2015-05-13&rft.aulast=Cimatu&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F690914%2Fvigan-sleepy-city-with-big-dreams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IlocosHeritage-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IlocosHeritage_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_la_Torre2006" class="citation book cs1">De la Torre, Visitacion (2006). <i>The Ilocos Heritage</i>. Makati: Tower Book House. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-91030-9-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-91030-9-7"><bdi>978-971-91030-9-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ilocos+Heritage&rft.place=Makati&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Tower+Book+House&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-971-91030-9-7&rft.aulast=De+la+Torre&rft.aufirst=Visitacion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=COSEDwAAQBAJ"><i>LEAGUE Magazine, September-October 2017 Issue: The Local Government Unit Magazine</i></a>. The League Publishing Company, Inc. 2017-09-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LEAGUE+Magazine%2C+September-October+2017+Issue%3A+The+Local+Government+Unit+Magazine&rft.pub=The+League+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2017-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCOSEDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6BpwAAAAMAAJ&q=Province+Mayor+of+Ilocos+juan+salcedo"><i>Centennial Commemorative Lectures, 1998</i></a>. The Committee. 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Centennial+Commemorative+Lectures%2C+1998&rft.pub=The+Committee&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6BpwAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DProvince%2BMayor%2Bof%2BIlocos%2Bjuan%2Bsalcedo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.530346/2015.530346.jesuits-in_djvu.txt">"Jesuits In The Philippines (1581-1768)" Page 59</a> "These settlements were much smaller than Manila. In 1582 Manila had an adult male population of 300 Spaniards; Vigan, 60; Nueva Caceres, 30; Cebu, 70; Arevalo, 20. In 1586 Manila had 329 Spanish men and youths capable of bearing arms ; the most recently established settlement, Nueva Segovia in Cagayan, had 97; Nueva Caceres, 69; Arevalo, 65; Cavite, 64; Cebu, 63; Villa Fernandina, 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Estadismo2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Estadismo2_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Estadismo2_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia601608.us.archive.org/10/items/bub_gb_ElhFAAAAYAAJ_2/bub_gb_ElhFAAAAYAAJ.pdf">ESTADISMO DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS TOMO SEGUNDO By Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (Original Spanish)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OKixAAAAIAAJ&q=siege+vigan+manuel+tinio"><i>Atlantis</i></a>. Institute for the Study of Women, Mount Saint Vincent University. 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlantis&rft.pub=Institute+for+the+Study+of+Women%2C+Mount+Saint+Vincent+University.&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOKixAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dsiege%2Bvigan%2Bmanuel%2Btinio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KmzVAAAAMAAJ&q=mccracken+parker+vigan"><i>The American Neptune</i></a>. Peabody Museum of Salem. 1975.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Neptune&rft.pub=Peabody+Museum+of+Salem&rft.date=1975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKmzVAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dmccracken%2Bparker%2Bvigan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/science/126658-vigan-city-sustainable-transportation/">"Vigan City stays walkable despite influx of tourists"</a>. <i>RAPPLER</i>. 2016-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RAPPLER&rft.atitle=Vigan+City+stays+walkable+despite+influx+of+tourists&rft.date=2016-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fscience%2F126658-vigan-city-sustainable-transportation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilippines2001" class="citation book cs1">Philippines (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h-pWAAAAMAAJ&q=Republic+Act+No.+8988+gazette+vigan"><i>Official Gazette</i></a>. National Print. Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+Gazette&rft.pub=National+Print.+Office&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Philippines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh-pWAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DRepublic%2BAct%2BNo.%2B8988%2Bgazette%2Bvigan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-27/earthquake-shakes-philippines-luzon-island">"Magnitude-7 Earthquake Hits Philippines' Main Island"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. 2022-07-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Magnitude-7+Earthquake+Hits+Philippines%27+Main+Island&rft.date=2022-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2022-07-27%2Fearthquake-shakes-philippines-luzon-island&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/motoring-news/abra-earthquake-vigan-city-aftermath-a4354-20220727">"Look: State of Vigan City roads, buildings after magnitude 7.3 earthquake"</a>. Top Gear Philippines. 27 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220727063254/https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/motoring-news/abra-earthquake-vigan-city-aftermath-a4354-20220727">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Look%3A+State+of+Vigan+City+roads%2C+buildings+after+magnitude+7.3+earthquake&rft.date=2022-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topgear.com.ph%2Fnews%2Fmotoring-news%2Fabra-earthquake-vigan-city-aftermath-a4354-20220727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nscb-area-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nscb-area_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/classification/psgc/?q=psgc/citimuni/012900000">"Province: Ilocos Sur"</a>. <i>PSGC Interactive</i>. Quezon City, Philippines: <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">Philippine Statistics Authority</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PSGC+Interactive&rft.atitle=Province%3A+Ilocos+Sur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fclassification%2Fpsgc%2F%3Fq%3Dpsgc%2Fcitimuni%2F012900000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAGASAnormals-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PAGASAnormals_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018220810/https://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/pagasaweb/files/cad/CLIMATOLOGICAL%20NORMALS%20%281991-2020%29/VIGAN-SINAIT.pdf">"Vigan City, Ilocos Sur Climatological Normal Values"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/pagasaweb/files/cad/CLIMATOLOGICAL%20NORMALS%20%281991-2020%29/VIGAN-SINAIT.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vigan+City%2C+Ilocos+Sur+Climatological+Normal+Values&rft.pub=Philippine+Atmospheric%2C+Geophysical+and+Astronomical+Services+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph%2Fpagasaweb%2Ffiles%2Fcad%2FCLIMATOLOGICAL%2520NORMALS%2520%25281991-2020%2529%2FVIGAN-SINAIT.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAGASAextremes-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PAGASAextremes_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018220852/https://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/pagasaweb/files/cad/CLIMATOLOGICAL%20EXTREMES%20%28as%20of%202023%29/Vigan-Sinait.pdf">"Vigan City, Ilocos Sur Climatological Extremes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/pagasaweb/files/cad/CLIMATOLOGICAL%20EXTREMES%20%28as%20of%202023%29/Vigan-Sinait.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vigan+City%2C+Ilocos+Sur+Climatological+Extremes&rft.pub=Philippine+Atmospheric%2C+Geophysical+and+Astronomical+Services+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph%2Fpagasaweb%2Ffiles%2Fcad%2FCLIMATOLOGICAL%2520EXTREMES%2520%2528as%2520of%25202023%2529%2FVigan-Sinait.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PSA15–01-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PSA15–01_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_of_Population2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Census of Population (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/R01.xlsx">"Region I (Ilocos Region)"</a>. <i>Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay</i>. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">Philippine Statistics Authority</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Region+I+%28Ilocos+Region%29&rft.btitle=Total+Population+by+Province%2C+City%2C+Municipality+and+Barangay&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Census+of+Population&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fphcd%2F2022-12%2FR01.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NSO10–01-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NSO10–01_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_of_Population_and_Housing2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Census of Population and Housing (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/Ilocos.pdf">"Region I (Ilocos Region)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay</i>. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority#National_Statistics_Office" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">National Statistics Office</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Region+I+%28Ilocos+Region%29&rft.btitle=Total+Population+by+Province%2C+City%2C+Municipality+and+Barangay&rft.pub=National+Statistics+Office&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Census+of+Population+and+Housing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fphcd%2F2022-12%2FIlocos.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NSO07-01-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NSO07-01_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensuses_of_Population_(1903–2007)" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Censuses of Population (1903–2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/PhilippinesCensusofPopulationLGUs19032007/Region%201%20Ilocos%20Philippines%20Census%20of%20Population%201903%20-%202007.xls">"Region I (Ilocos Region)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/PhilippinesCensusofPopulationLGUs19032007"><i>Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority#National_Statistics_Office" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">National Statistics Office</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Region+I+%28Ilocos+Region%29&rft.btitle=Table+1.+Population+Enumerated+in+Various+Censuses+by+Province%2FHighly+Urbanized+City%3A+1903+to+2007&rft.pub=National+Statistics+Office&rft.au=Censuses+of+Population+%281903%E2%80%932007%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2FPhilippinesCensusofPopulationLGUs19032007%2FRegion%25201%2520Ilocos%2520Philippines%2520Census%2520of%2520Population%25201903%2520-%25202007.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LWUA-PopulationData-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LWUA-PopulationData_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://122.54.214.222/population/MunPop.asp?prov=ILS&province=Ilocos%20Sur">"Province of Ilocos Sur"</a>. <i>Municipality Population Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Local_Water_Utilities_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Water Utilities Administration">Local Water Utilities Administration</a> Research Division<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poverty+incidence+%28PI%29%3A&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fcontent%2Fpoverty-incidence-pi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/NSCB_LocalPovertyPhilippines_0.pdf">"Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Philippine Statistics Authority. 29 November 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Estimation+of+Local+Poverty+in+the+Philippines&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.date=2005-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FNSCB_LocalPovertyPhilippines_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2003%20SAE%20of%20poverty%20(Full%20Report)_1.pdf">"2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Philippine Statistics Authority. 23 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2003+City+and+Municipal+Level+Poverty+Estimates&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.date=2009-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2003%2520SAE%2520of%2520poverty%2520%28Full%2520Report%29_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2006%20and%202009%20City%20and%20Municipal%20Level%20Poverty%20Estimates_0_1.pdf">"City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Philippine Statistics Authority. 3 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+and+Municipal+Level+Poverty+Estimates%3B+2006+and+2009&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.date=2012-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2006%2520and%25202009%2520City%2520and%2520Municipal%2520Level%2520Poverty%2520Estimates_0_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2012%20Municipal%20and%20City%20Level%20Poverty%20Estimates%20Publication%20(1).pdf">"2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PSA+Releases+the+2018+Municipal+and+City+Level+Poverty+Estimates&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.date=2021-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fcontent%2Fpsa-releases-2018-municipal-and-city-level-poverty-estimates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psa.gov.ph/content/psa-releases-2021-city-and-municipal-level-poverty-estimates">"PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Museum+of+the+Philippines&rft.atitle=Padre+Burgos+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalmuseum.gov.ph%2Fnationalmuseumbeta%2FASBMD%2FPadre%2520Burgos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCimatu" class="citation news cs1">Cimatu, Frank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/675089/old-ilocos-sur-jail-now-an-art-center">"Old Ilocos Sur jail nowan art center"</a>. <i>Philippine Daily Inquirer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+revitalizing+hotels+with+art+is+a+good+strategy&rft.pub=F%26B+Report&rft.date=2018-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffnbreport.ph%2Ffeatures%2Fhospitality%2Fwhy-revitalizing-hotels-with-art-is-a-good-strategy-admin-20180627%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHernando2024" class="citation news cs1">Hernando, Ivy (January 25, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gmanetwork.com/regionaltv/features/100245/streets-filled-in-vigan-city-fiesta-and-longganisa-festival-parade/story/">"Streets filled in Vigan City Fiesta and Longganisa Festival Parade"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN_News_and_Current_Affairs" title="ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs">ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Streets+filled+in+Vigan+City+Fiesta+and+Longganisa+Festival+Parade&rft.date=2024-01-25&rft.aulast=Hernando&rft.aufirst=Ivy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fregionaltv%2Ffeatures%2F100245%2Fstreets-filled-in-vigan-city-fiesta-and-longganisa-festival-parade%2Fstory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillanueva2024" class="citation news cs1">Villanueva, Aila (January 25, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pia.gov.ph/news/2024/01/10/vigan-city-to-launch-longganisa-cookbook-in-10-day-fest">"Vigan City to launch Longganisa cookbook in 10-day fest"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Communications_Group" title="Presidential Communications Group">Presidential Communications Group</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vigan+City+to+launch+Longganisa+cookbook+in+10-day+fest&rft.date=2024-01-25&rft.aulast=Villanueva&rft.aufirst=Aila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpia.gov.ph%2Fnews%2F2024%2F01%2F10%2Fvigan-city-to-launch-longganisa-cookbook-in-10-day-fest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://otc.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Accredited-Transport-Cooperatives-Jan-2021-Web.pdf">"Accredited Transport Cooperatives as of January 2021"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>otc.gov.ph</i>. Office of Transportation Cooperatives (Philippines.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=otc.gov.ph&rft.atitle=Accredited+Transport+Cooperatives+as+of+January+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fotc.gov.ph%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F02%2FAccredited-Transport-Cooperatives-Jan-2021-Web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span>}</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419111824/http://www.vigancitycouncil.com.ph/files/resolutions/Sisterhood%20Resolutions.pdf">"A RESOLUTION EXTENDING AN INVITATION TO THE CITY OF TAGUIG TO BECOME A SISTER CITY OF VIGAN, ILOCOS SUR"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>City of Vigan</i>. February 18, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vigancitycouncil.com.ph/files/resolutions/Sisterhood%20Resolutions.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=City+of+Vigan&rft.atitle=A+RESOLUTION+EXTENDING+AN+INVITATION+TO+THE+CITY+OF+TAGUIG+TO+BECOME+A+SISTER+CITY+OF+VIGAN%2C+ILOCOS+SUR&rft.date=2008-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vigancitycouncil.com.ph%2Ffiles%2Fresolutions%2FSisterhood%2520Resolutions.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLester_V._Ledesma" class="citation web cs1">Lester V. Ledesma. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cebusmile.com/features/2007/06/sister-cities#tYlt117VBBeGbP2D.97">"Sister Cities (Vigan and Melaka living parallel lives)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cebu_Pacific_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Cebu Pacific Air">Cebu Smile</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925084514/http://www.cebusmile.com/features/2007/06/sister-cities">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sister+Cities+%28Vigan+and+Melaka+living+parallel+lives%29&rft.pub=Cebu+Smile&rft.au=Lester+V.+Ledesma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cebusmile.com%2Ffeatures%2F2007%2F06%2Fsister-cities%23tYlt117VBBeGbP2D.97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVigan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigan&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vigan_City" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vigan City">Vigan City</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Vigan#Q235004" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Vigan">Vigan</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vigan.ph/">Vigan.ph</a></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vigancity.gov.ph/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/classification/psgc/?q=psgc/barangays/012934000&regcode=01&provcode=29">Philippine Standard Geographic Code</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160215003931/http://census.gov.ph/">Philippine Census Information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120509055631/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23&frmIdDcfCode=7&fLguType=CM&frmIdRegion=2&frmIdProvince=19&frmIdLgu=225">Local Governance Performance Management System</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Vigan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Vigan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Vigan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Catalina, Ilocos Sur">Santa Catalina</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bantay" title="Bantay">Bantay</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></i></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Vigan</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caoayan" title="Caoayan">Caoayan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa, Ilocos Sur">Santa</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Philippines" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Philippines" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Philippines">World Heritage Sites in the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_Churches_of_the_Philippines" title="Baroque Churches of the Philippines">Baroque Churches of the Philippines</a> (<a href="/wiki/San_Agustin_Church_(Manila)" title="San Agustin Church (Manila)">San Agustin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paoay_Church" title="Paoay Church">Paoay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Church_(Ilocos_Sur)" title="Santa Maria Church (Ilocos Sur)">Santa Maria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miagao_Church" title="Miagao Church">Miagao</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Historic Town of Vigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Terraces_of_the_Philippine_Cordilleras" title="Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras">Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras</a> (Batad, Bangaan, Hungduan, Mayoyao Central, Nagacadan)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Philippines"><img alt="Flag of the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hamiguitan" title="Mount Hamiguitan">Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Princesa_Subterranean_River_National_Park" title="Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park">Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubbataha_Reef" title="Tubbataha Reef">Tubbataha Reef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Province_of_Ilocos_Sur" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ilocos_Sur" title="Template:Ilocos Sur"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ilocos_Sur" title="Template talk:Ilocos Sur"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ilocos_Sur" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ilocos Sur"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Province_of_Ilocos_Sur" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/PH-ILS_Flag.png/23px-PH-ILS_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/PH-ILS_Flag.png/35px-PH-ILS_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/PH-ILS_Flag.png/46px-PH-ILS_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Province of <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur">Ilocos Sur</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vigan</a></b> (capital) <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Candon" title="Candon">Candon</a></b> (largest city)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Ilocos Sur">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alilem" title="Alilem">Alilem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banayoyo" title="Banayoyo">Banayoyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantay" title="Bantay">Bantay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Burgos, Ilocos Sur">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabugao" title="Cabugao">Cabugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caoayan" title="Caoayan">Caoayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervantes,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Cervantes, Ilocos Sur">Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galimuyod" title="Galimuyod">Galimuyod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Gregorio del Pilar, Ilocos Sur">Gregorio del Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidlidda" title="Lidlidda">Lidlidda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magsingal" title="Magsingal">Magsingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagbukel" title="Nagbukel">Nagbukel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narvacan" title="Narvacan">Narvacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirino,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Quirino, Ilocos Sur">Quirino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salcedo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Salcedo, Ilocos Sur">Salcedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Emilio" title="San Emilio">San Emilio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Esteban,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Esteban, Ilocos Sur">San Esteban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Ildefonso,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Ildefonso, Ilocos Sur">San Ildefonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Juan, Ilocos Sur">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Vicente,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Vicente, Ilocos Sur">San Vicente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa, Ilocos Sur">Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Catalina, Ilocos Sur">Santa Catalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Cruz, Ilocos Sur">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Lucia,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Lucia, Ilocos Sur">Santa Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur">Santa Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santiago, Ilocos Sur">Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santo Domingo, Ilocos Sur">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigay" title="Sigay">Sigay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinait" title="Sinait">Sinait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugpon" title="Sugpon">Sugpon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suyo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Suyo, Ilocos Sur">Suyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagudin" title="Tagudin">Tagudin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Ilocos Sur">Component cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candon" title="Candon">Candon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_barangays_in_Ilocos_Sur" title="List of barangays in Ilocos Sur">Barangays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>See: <a href="/wiki/List_of_barangays_in_Ilocos_Sur" title="List of barangays in Ilocos Sur">List of barangays in Ilocos Sur</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ilocos_Region_(Region_I)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ilocos_Region" title="Template:Ilocos Region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ilocos_Region" title="Template talk:Ilocos Region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ilocos_Region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ilocos Region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ilocos_Region_(Region_I)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region (Region I)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">Regional center</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_La_Union" title="San Fernando, La Union">San Fernando</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_ilocos.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ph_ilocos.png/150px-Ph_ilocos.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ph_ilocos.png/225px-Ph_ilocos.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Ph_ilocos.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="647" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Provinces of the Philippines">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur">Ilocos Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#Independent_cities" title="Cities of the Philippines">Independent component city</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dagupan" title="Dagupan">Dagupan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#Classifiction" title="Cities of the Philippines">Component cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaminos,_Pangasinan" title="Alaminos, Pangasinan">Alaminos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batac" title="Batac">Batac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candon" title="Candon">Candon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoag" title="Laoag">Laoag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Carlos,_Pangasinan" title="San Carlos, Pangasinan">San Carlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_La_Union" title="San Fernando, La Union">San Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdaneta,_Pangasinan" title="Urdaneta, Pangasinan">Urdaneta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippines_Provincial_Capitals" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Philippines Provincial Capitals">Provincial capitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laoag" title="Laoag">Laoag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingayen" title="Lingayen">Lingayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_La_Union" title="San Fernando, La Union">San Fernando</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Philippines" title="Municipalities of the Philippines">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams,_Ilocos_Norte" title="Adams, Ilocos Norte">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agno,_Pangasinan" title="Agno, Pangasinan">Agno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agoo" title="Agoo">Agoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aguilar,_Pangasinan" title="Aguilar, Pangasinan">Aguilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcala,_Pangasinan" title="Alcala, Pangasinan">Alcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alilem" title="Alilem">Alilem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anda,_Pangasinan" title="Anda, Pangasinan">Anda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aringay" title="Aringay">Aringay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asingan" title="Asingan">Asingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacarra" title="Bacarra">Bacarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacnotan" title="Bacnotan">Bacnotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badoc" title="Badoc">Badoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagulin" title="Bagulin">Bagulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaoan" title="Balaoan">Balaoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balungao" title="Balungao">Balungao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banayoyo" title="Banayoyo">Banayoyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangar,_La_Union" title="Bangar, La Union">Bangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangui,_Ilocos_Norte" title="Bangui, Ilocos Norte">Bangui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani,_Pangasinan" title="Bani, Pangasinan">Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banna,_Ilocos_Norte" title="Banna, Ilocos Norte">Banna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantay" title="Bantay">Bantay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basista" title="Basista">Basista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauang" title="Bauang">Bauang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bautista,_Pangasinan" title="Bautista, Pangasinan">Bautista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayambang" title="Bayambang">Bayambang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binalonan" title="Binalonan">Binalonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binmaley" title="Binmaley">Binmaley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolinao,_Pangasinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolinao, Pangasinan">Bolinao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugallon" title="Bugallon">Bugallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos,_Ilocos_Norte" title="Burgos, Ilocos Norte">Burgos (Ilocos Norte)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Burgos, Ilocos Sur">Burgos (Ilocos Sur)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos,_La_Union" title="Burgos, La Union">Burgos (La Union)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos,_Pangasinan" title="Burgos, Pangasinan">Burgos (Pangasinan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caba,_La_Union" title="Caba, La Union">Caba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabugao" title="Cabugao">Cabugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calasiao" title="Calasiao">Calasiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caoayan" title="Caoayan">Caoayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carasi" title="Carasi">Carasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervantes,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Cervantes, Ilocos Sur">Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currimao" title="Currimao">Currimao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasol" title="Dasol">Dasol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingras" title="Dingras">Dingras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumalneg" title="Dumalneg">Dumalneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galimuyod" title="Galimuyod">Galimuyod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Gregorio del Pilar, Ilocos Sur">Gregorio del Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta,_Pangasinan" title="Infanta, Pangasinan">Infanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrador,_Pangasinan" title="Labrador, Pangasinan">Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoac" title="Laoac">Laoac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidlidda" title="Lidlidda">Lidlidda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingayen" title="Lingayen">Lingayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna,_La_Union" title="Luna, La Union">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabini,_Pangasinan" title="Mabini, Pangasinan">Mabini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magsingal" title="Magsingal">Magsingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malasiqui" title="Malasiqui">Malasiqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaoag" title="Manaoag">Manaoag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangaldan" title="Mangaldan">Mangaldan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangatarem" title="Mangatarem">Mangatarem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapandan" title="Mapandan">Mapandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos,_Ilocos_Norte" title="Marcos, Ilocos Norte">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagbukel" title="Nagbukel">Nagbukel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naguilian,_La_Union" title="Naguilian, La Union">Naguilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narvacan" title="Narvacan">Narvacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natividad,_Pangasinan" title="Natividad, Pangasinan">Natividad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Era,_Ilocos_Norte" title="Nueva Era, Ilocos Norte">Nueva Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagudpud" title="Pagudpud">Pagudpud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paoay" title="Paoay">Paoay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasuquin" title="Pasuquin">Pasuquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piddig" title="Piddig">Piddig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinili" title="Pinili">Pinili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozorrubio,_Pangasinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pozorrubio, Pangasinan">Pozorrubio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pugo,_La_Union" title="Pugo, La Union">Pugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirino,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Quirino, Ilocos Sur">Quirino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosales,_Pangasinan" title="Rosales, Pangasinan">Rosales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosario,_La_Union" title="Rosario, La Union">Rosario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salcedo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Salcedo, Ilocos Sur">Salcedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Emilio,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="San Emilio, Ilocos Sur">San Emilio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Esteban,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Esteban, Ilocos Sur">San Esteban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fabian,_Pangasinan" title="San Fabian, Pangasinan">San Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel,_La_Union" title="San Gabriel, La Union">San Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Ildefonso,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Ildefonso, Ilocos Sur">San Ildefonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto,_Pangasinan" title="San Jacinto, Pangasinan">San Jacinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Juan, Ilocos Sur">San Juan (Ilocos Sur)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_La_Union" title="San Juan, La Union">San Juan (La Union)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Manuel,_Pangasinan" title="San Manuel, Pangasinan">San Manuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Nicolas,_Ilocos_Norte" title="San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte">San Nicolas (Ilocos Norte)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Nicolas,_Pangasinan" title="San Nicolas, Pangasinan">San Nicolas (Pangasinan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Quintin,_Pangasinan" title="San Quintin, Pangasinan">San Quintin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Vicente,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Vicente, Ilocos Sur">San Vicente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa, Ilocos Sur">Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_Pangasinan" title="Santa Barbara, Pangasinan">Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Catalina, Ilocos Sur">Santa Catalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Cruz, Ilocos Sur">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Lucia,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Lucia, Ilocos Sur">Santa Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur">Santa Maria (Ilocos Sur)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_Pangasinan" title="Santa Maria, Pangasinan">Santa Maria (Pangasinan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santiago, Ilocos Sur">Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santo Domingo, Ilocos Sur">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Tomas,_La_Union" title="Santo Tomas, La Union">Santo Tomas (La Union)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Tomas,_Pangasinan" title="Santo Tomas, Pangasinan">Santo Tomas (Pangasinan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santol,_La_Union" title="Santol, La Union">Santol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarrat" title="Sarrat">Sarrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigay" title="Sigay">Sigay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinait" title="Sinait">Sinait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sison,_Pangasinan" title="Sison, Pangasinan">Sison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solsona,_Ilocos_Norte" title="Solsona, Ilocos Norte">Solsona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sual,_Pangasinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sual, Pangasinan">Sual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudipen" title="Sudipen">Sudipen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugpon" title="Sugpon">Sugpon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suyo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Suyo, Ilocos Sur">Suyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagudin" title="Tagudin">Tagudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayug" title="Tayug">Tayug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubao" title="Tubao">Tubao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umingan" title="Umingan">Umingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbiztondo,_Pangasinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbiztondo, Pangasinan">Urbiztondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villasis" title="Villasis">Villasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintar" title="Vintar">Vintar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of the Philippines">Republic of the Philippines</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_cities_in_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Cities of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Cities of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_cities_in_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Philippines" title="List of cities in the Philippines">List of cities in the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#Independent_cities" title="Cities of the Philippines">Highly urbanized<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angeles_City" title="Angeles City">Angeles City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacolod" title="Bacolod">Bacolod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baguio" title="Baguio">Baguio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butuan" title="Butuan">Butuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Santos" title="General Santos">General Santos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iligan" title="Iligan">Iligan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iloilo_City" title="Iloilo City">Iloilo City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapu-Lapu_City" title="Lapu-Lapu City">Lapu-Lapu City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucena" title="Lucena">Lucena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabon" title="Malabon">Malabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaue" title="Mandaue">Mandaue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marikina" title="Marikina">Marikina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navotas" title="Navotas">Navotas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olongapo" title="Olongapo">Olongapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Princesa" title="Puerto Princesa">Puerto Princesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacloban" title="Tacloban">Tacloban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Valenzuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#Independent_cities" title="Cities of the Philippines">Independent<br />component cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotabato_City" title="Cotabato City">Cotabato City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagupan" title="Dagupan">Dagupan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga,_Camarines_Sur" title="Naga, Camarines Sur">Naga, Camarines Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormoc" title="Ormoc">Ormoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Isabela" title="Santiago, Isabela">Santiago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines" title="Cities of the Philippines">Component cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaminos,_Pangasinan" title="Alaminos, Pangasinan">Alaminos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipolo" title="Antipolo">Antipolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacoor" title="Bacoor">Bacoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bago,_Negros_Occidental" title="Bago, Negros Occidental">Bago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bais,_Negros_Oriental" title="Bais, Negros Oriental">Bais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanga,_Bataan" title="Balanga, Bataan">Balanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baliwag" title="Baliwag">Baliwag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batac" title="Batac">Batac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batangas_City" title="Batangas City">Batangas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayawan" title="Bayawan">Bayawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybay" title="Baybay">Baybay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayugan" title="Bayugan">Bayugan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%B1an" title="Biñan">Biñan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bislig" title="Bislig">Bislig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogo,_Cebu" title="Bogo, Cebu">Bogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borongan" title="Borongan">Borongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabadbaran" title="Cabadbaran">Cabadbaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabanatuan" title="Cabanatuan">Cabanatuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabuyao" title="Cabuyao">Cabuyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadiz,_Negros_Occidental" title="Cadiz, Negros Occidental">Cadiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calaca,_Batangas" title="Calaca, Batangas">Calaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamba,_Laguna" title="Calamba, Laguna">Calamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calapan" title="Calapan">Calapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calbayog" title="Calbayog">Calbayog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candon" title="Candon">Candon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canlaon" title="Canlaon">Canlaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcar" title="Carcar">Carcar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmona,_Cavite" title="Carmona, Cavite">Carmona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catbalogan" title="Catbalogan">Catbalogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauayan,_Isabela" title="Cauayan, Isabela">Cauayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavite_City" title="Cavite City">Cavite City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danao,_Cebu" title="Danao, Cebu">Danao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapitan" title="Dapitan">Dapitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasmari%C3%B1as" title="Dasmariñas">Dasmariñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digos" title="Digos">Digos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipolog" title="Dipolog">Dipolog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumaguete" title="Dumaguete">Dumaguete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador,_Misamis_Oriental" title="El Salvador, Misamis Oriental">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalante,_Negros_Occidental" title="Escalante, Negros Occidental">Escalante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gapan" title="Gapan">Gapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Trias" title="General Trias">General Trias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingoog" title="Gingoog">Gingoog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guihulngan" title="Guihulngan">Guihulngan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himamaylan" title="Himamaylan">Himamaylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilagan" title="Ilagan">Ilagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imus" title="Imus">Imus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iriga" title="Iriga">Iriga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabela,_Basilan" title="Isabela, Basilan">Isabela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabankalan" title="Kabankalan">Kabankalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidapawan" title="Kidapawan">Kidapawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koronadal" title="Koronadal">Koronadal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Carlota,_Negros_Occidental" title="La Carlota, Negros Occidental">La Carlota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamitan" title="Lamitan">Lamitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoag" title="Laoag">Laoag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legazpi,_Albay" title="Legazpi, Albay">Legazpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligao" title="Ligao">Ligao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipa,_Batangas" title="Lipa, Batangas">Lipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasin" title="Maasin">Maasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabalacat" title="Mabalacat">Mabalacat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaybalay" title="Malaybalay">Malaybalay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malolos" title="Malolos">Malolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marawi" title="Marawi">Marawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masbate_City" title="Masbate City">Masbate City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mati,_Davao_Oriental" title="Mati, Davao Oriental">Mati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meycauayan" title="Meycauayan">Meycauayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%C3%B1oz,_Nueva_Ecija" title="Muñoz, Nueva Ecija">Muñoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga,_Cebu" title="Naga, Cebu">Naga, Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroquieta" title="Oroquieta">Oroquieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozamiz" title="Ozamiz">Ozamiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagadian" title="Pagadian">Pagadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palayan" title="Palayan">Palayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panabo" title="Panabo">Panabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passi,_Iloilo" title="Passi, Iloilo">Passi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxas_City" title="Roxas City">Roxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagay,_Negros_Occidental" title="Sagay, Negros Occidental">Sagay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samal,_Davao_del_Norte" title="Samal, Davao del Norte">Samal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Carlos,_Negros_Occidental" title="San Carlos, Negros Occidental">San Carlos, Negros Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Carlos,_Pangasinan" title="San Carlos, Pangasinan">San Carlos, Pangasinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_La_Union" title="San Fernando, La Union">San Fernando, La Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Pampanga" title="San Fernando, Pampanga">San Fernando, Pampanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_Nueva_Ecija" title="San Jose, Nueva Ecija">San Jose, Nueva Ecija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_del_Monte" title="San Jose del Monte">San Jose del Monte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pablo,_Laguna" title="San Pablo, Laguna">San Pablo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro,_Laguna" title="San Pedro, Laguna">San Pedro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_Laguna" title="Santa Rosa, Laguna">Santa Rosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Tomas,_Batangas" title="Santo Tomas, Batangas">Santo Tomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silay" title="Silay">Silay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipalay" title="Sipalay">Sipalay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorsogon_City" title="Sorsogon City">Sorsogon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surigao_City" title="Surigao City">Surigao City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabaco" title="Tabaco">Tabaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabuk,_Kalinga" title="Tabuk, Kalinga">Tabuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacurong" title="Tacurong">Tacurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagaytay" title="Tagaytay">Tagaytay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbilaran" title="Tagbilaran">Tagbilaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagum" title="Tagum">Tagum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talisay,_Cebu" title="Talisay, Cebu">Talisay, Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talisay,_Negros_Occidental" title="Talisay, Negros Occidental">Talisay, Negros Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanauan,_Batangas" title="Tanauan, Batangas">Tanauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandag" title="Tandag">Tandag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangub" title="Tangub">Tangub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjay" title="Tanjay">Tanjay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarlac_City" title="Tarlac City">Tarlac City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayabas" title="Tayabas">Tayabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Cebu" title="Toledo, Cebu">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trece_Martires" title="Trece Martires">Trece Martires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuguegarao" title="Tuguegarao">Tuguegarao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdaneta,_Pangasinan" title="Urdaneta, Pangasinan">Urdaneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia,_Bukidnon" title="Valencia, Bukidnon">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorias" title="Victorias">Victorias</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Provincial_capital_cities_and_municipalities_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provincial_capitals_in_the_Philippines" title="Template:Provincial capitals in the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provincial_capitals_in_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Provincial capitals in the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial_capitals_in_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial capitals in the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Provincial_capital_cities_and_municipalities_of_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines#List_of_provinces" title="Provinces of the Philippines">Provincial</a> capital <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_municipalities_in_the_Philippines" title="List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines">cities and municipalities of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Luzon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abra_(province)" title="Abra (province)">Abra</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Bangued" title="Bangued">Bangued</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Albay" title="Albay">Albay</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Legazpi,_Albay" title="Legazpi, Albay">Legazpi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Apayao" title="Apayao">Apayao</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Kabugao" title="Kabugao">Kabugao</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Luna,_Apayao" title="Luna, Apayao">Luna</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aurora_(province)" title="Aurora (province)">Aurora</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Baler,_Aurora" title="Baler, Aurora">Baler</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bataan" title="Bataan">Bataan</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Balanga,_Bataan" title="Balanga, Bataan">Balanga</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Batanes" title="Batanes">Batanes</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Basco,_Batanes" title="Basco, Batanes">Basco</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Batangas" title="Batangas">Batangas</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Batangas_City" title="Batangas City">Batangas City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Benguet" title="Benguet">Benguet</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/La_Trinidad,_Benguet" title="La Trinidad, Benguet">La Trinidad</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Malolos" title="Malolos">Malolos</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cagayan" title="Cagayan">Cagayan</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Tuguegarao" title="Tuguegarao">Tuguegarao</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Camarines_Norte" title="Camarines Norte">Camarines Norte</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Daet" title="Daet">Daet</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Camarines_Sur" title="Camarines Sur">Camarines Sur</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Pili,_Camarines_Sur" title="Pili, Camarines Sur">Pili</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Catanduanes" title="Catanduanes">Catanduanes</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Virac,_Catanduanes" title="Virac, Catanduanes">Virac</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Imus" title="Imus">Imus</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Trece_Martires" title="Trece Martires">Trece Martires</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ifugao" title="Ifugao">Ifugao</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Lagawe" title="Lagawe">Lagawe</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Laoag" title="Laoag">Laoag</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur">Ilocos Sur</a></b>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vigan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Isabela_(province)" title="Isabela (province)">Isabela</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Ilagan" title="Ilagan">Ilagan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(province)" title="Kalinga (province)">Kalinga</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Tabuk,_Kalinga" title="Tabuk, Kalinga">Tabuk</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_La_Union" title="San Fernando, La Union">San Fernando</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Laguna" title="Santa Cruz, Laguna">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Marinduque" title="Marinduque">Marinduque</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Boac,_Marinduque" title="Boac, Marinduque">Boac</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Masbate" title="Masbate">Masbate</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Masbate_City" title="Masbate City">Masbate City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Province" title="Mountain Province">Mountain Province</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Bontoc,_Mountain_Province" title="Bontoc, Mountain Province">Bontoc</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Ecija" title="Nueva Ecija">Nueva Ecija</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Palayan" title="Palayan">Palayan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya">Nueva Vizcaya</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Bayombong" title="Bayombong">Bayombong</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Mindoro" title="Occidental Mindoro">Occidental Mindoro</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Mamburao" title="Mamburao">Mamburao</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Mindoro" title="Oriental Mindoro">Oriental Mindoro</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Calapan" title="Calapan">Calapan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Princesa" title="Puerto Princesa">Puerto Princesa</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Pampanga" title="San Fernando, Pampanga">San Fernando</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Lingayen" title="Lingayen">Lingayen</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Quezon" title="Quezon">Quezon</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Lucena" title="Lucena">Lucena</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Quirino" title="Quirino">Quirino</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Cabarroguis" title="Cabarroguis">Cabarroguis</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Antipolo" title="Antipolo">Antipolo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Romblon" title="Romblon">Romblon</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Romblon,_Romblon" title="Romblon, Romblon">Romblon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sorsogon" title="Sorsogon">Sorsogon</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Sorsogon_City" title="Sorsogon City">Sorsogon City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Tarlac_City" title="Tarlac City">Tarlac City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zambales" title="Zambales">Zambales</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Iba,_Zambales" title="Iba, Zambales">Iba</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Visayas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Visayas" title="Visayas">Visayas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Aklan" title="Aklan">Aklan</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Kalibo" title="Kalibo">Kalibo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antique_(province)" title="Antique (province)">Antique</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_de_Buenavista" title="San Jose de Buenavista">San Jose de Buenavista</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Biliran" title="Biliran">Biliran</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Naval,_Biliran" title="Naval, Biliran">Naval</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Tagbilaran" title="Tagbilaran">Tagbilaran</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Capiz" title="Capiz">Capiz</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Roxas_City" title="Roxas City">Roxas</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Samar" title="Eastern Samar">Eastern Samar</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Borongan" title="Borongan">Borongan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guimaras" title="Guimaras">Guimaras</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Jordan,_Guimaras" title="Jordan, Guimaras">Jordan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Iloilo" title="Iloilo">Iloilo</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Iloilo_City" title="Iloilo City">Iloilo City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Leyte_(province)" title="Leyte (province)">Leyte</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Tacloban" title="Tacloban">Tacloban</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Negros_Occidental" title="Negros Occidental">Negros Occidental</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Bacolod" title="Bacolod">Bacolod</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Negros_Oriental" title="Negros Oriental">Negros Oriental</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Dumaguete" title="Dumaguete">Dumaguete</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Samar" title="Northern Samar">Northern Samar</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Catarman,_Northern_Samar" title="Catarman, Northern Samar">Catarman</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Samar" title="Samar">Samar</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Catbalogan" title="Catbalogan">Catbalogan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Siquijor" title="Siquijor">Siquijor</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Siquijor,_Siquijor" title="Siquijor, Siquijor">Siquijor</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Leyte" title="Southern Leyte">Southern Leyte</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Maasin" title="Maasin">Maasin</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mindanao" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Norte" title="Agusan del Norte">Agusan del Norte</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Cabadbaran" title="Cabadbaran">Cabadbaran</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Butuan" title="Butuan">Butuan</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Sur" title="Agusan del Sur">Agusan del Sur</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Prosperidad" title="Prosperidad">Prosperidad</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Lamitan" title="Lamitan">Lamitan</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Isabela,_Basilan" title="Isabela, Basilan">Isabela</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Malaybalay" title="Malaybalay">Malaybalay</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin">Camiguin</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Mambajao" title="Mambajao">Mambajao</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cotabato" title="Cotabato">Cotabato</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Kidapawan" title="Kidapawan">Kidapawan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_de_Oro" title="Davao de Oro">Davao de Oro</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Nabunturan" title="Nabunturan">Nabunturan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Norte" title="Davao del Norte">Davao del Norte</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Tagum" title="Tagum">Tagum</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Sur" title="Davao del Sur">Davao del Sur</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Digos" title="Digos">Digos</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_Occidental" title="Davao Occidental">Davao Occidental</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Malita" title="Malita">Malita</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_Oriental" title="Davao Oriental">Davao Oriental</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Mati,_Davao_Oriental" title="Mati, Davao Oriental">Mati</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dinagat_Islands" title="Dinagat Islands">Dinagat Islands</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_Dinagat_Islands" title="San Jose, Dinagat Islands">San Jose</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Norte" title="Lanao del Norte">Lanao del Norte</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Tubod,_Lanao_del_Norte" title="Tubod, Lanao del Norte">Tubod</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur">Lanao del Sur</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Marawi" title="Marawi">Marawi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Norte" title="Maguindanao del Norte">Maguindanao del Norte</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Datu_Odin_Sinsuat" title="Datu Odin Sinsuat">Datu Odin Sinsuat</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Sur" title="Maguindanao del Sur">Maguindanao del Sur</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Buluan" title="Buluan">Buluan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Occidental" title="Misamis Occidental">Misamis Occidental</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Oroquieta" title="Oroquieta">Oroquieta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental">Misamis Oriental</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarangani" title="Sarangani">Sarangani</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Alabel" title="Alabel">Alabel</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Cotabato" title="South Cotabato">South Cotabato</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Koronadal" title="Koronadal">Koronadal</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Kudarat" title="Sultan Kudarat">Sultan Kudarat</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Isulan" title="Isulan">Isulan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Jolo,_Sulu" title="Jolo, Sulu">Jolo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Norte" title="Surigao del Norte">Surigao del Norte</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Surigao_City" title="Surigao City">Surigao City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Sur" title="Surigao del Sur">Surigao del Sur</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Tandag" title="Tandag">Tandag</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi">Tawi-Tawi</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Bongao" title="Bongao">Bongao</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Norte" title="Zamboanga del Norte">Zamboanga del Norte</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Dipolog" title="Dipolog">Dipolog</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Sur" title="Zamboanga del Sur">Zamboanga del Sur</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Pagadian" title="Pagadian">Pagadian</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Sibugay" title="Zamboanga Sibugay">Zamboanga Sibugay</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Ipil,_Zamboanga_Sibugay" title="Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay">Ipil</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.4em; line-height:1.3em;"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> seat of provincial government</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spanish_/_Hispanic_Colonial_architecture_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Template:Spanish Colonial architecture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Template talk:Spanish Colonial architecture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish Colonial architecture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish_/_Hispanic_Colonial_architecture_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish / Hispanic Colonial architecture</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable historic centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Agaña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_Guatemala" title="Antigua Guatemala">Antigua Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Albuquerque" title="Old Town Albuquerque">Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arequipa" title="Arequipa">Arequipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campeche_(city)" title="Campeche (city)">Campeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia" title="Cartagena, Colombia">Cartagena de Indias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Cienfuegos" title="Historic Centre of Cienfuegos">Cienfuegos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_de_Coro" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Ana de Coro">Coro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuenca,_Ecuador" title="Cuenca, Ecuador">Cuenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuernavaca" title="Cuernavaca">Cuernavaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada,_Nicaragua" title="Granada, Nicaragua">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanajuato_(city)" title="Guanajuato (city)">Guanajuato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Havana" title="Old Havana">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iloilo_City" title="Iloilo City">Iloílo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Paz" title="La Paz">La Paz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Nicaragua" title="León, Nicaragua">León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Pueblo_de_Los_%C3%81ngeles_Historical_Monument" title="El Pueblo de Los Ángeles Historical Monument">Los Ángeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Lima" title="Historic Centre of Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malolos" title="Malolos">Malolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_center_of_Mexico_City" title="Historic center of Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Mompox" title="Santa Cruz de Mompox">Mompox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morelia" title="Morelia">Morelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Square_(New_Orleans)" title="Jackson Square (New Orleans)">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaxaca_City" title="Oaxaca City">Oaxaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panam%C3%A1_Viejo" title="Panamá Viejo">Old Panamá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casco_Viejo,_Panama" title="Casco Viejo, Panama">Panamá City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popay%C3%A1n" title="Popayán">Popayán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebla_(city)" title="Puebla (city)">Puebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito#Historic_center" title="Quito">Quito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">Saint Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamo_Plaza_Historic_District" title="Alamo Plaza Historic District">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_San_Diego" title="Old Town, San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Pampanga" title="San Fernando, Pampanga">San Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs" title="Mission San Francisco de Asís">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_San_Juan" title="Old San Juan">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD_(city)" title="San Luis Potosí (city)">San Luis Potosí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_de_Allende" title="San Miguel de Allende">San Miguel de Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra">Santa Cruz de la Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Armas_(Santiago)" title="Plaza de Armas (Santiago)">Santiago de Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Colonial_(Santo_Domingo)" title="Ciudad Colonial (Santo Domingo)">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucre" title="Sucre">Sucre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taal,_Batangas" title="Taal, Batangas">Taal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayabas" title="Tayabas">Tayabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Trujillo" title="Historic Centre of Trujillo">Trujillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veracruz_(city)" title="Veracruz (city)">Veracruz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacatecas_(city)" title="Zacatecas (city)">Zacatecas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spanish missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Spanish missions">List of Spanish missions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists of buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_buildings_in_the_Americas#Colonial_era" title="List of oldest buildings in the Americas">Oldest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cathedrals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Argentina" title="List of cathedrals in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Bolivia" title="List of cathedrals in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Chile" title="List of cathedrals in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Colombia" title="List of cathedrals in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Costa_Rica" title="List of cathedrals in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Cuba" title="List of cathedrals in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of cathedrals in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Ecuador" title="List of cathedrals in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Guam" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Guatemala" title="List of cathedrals in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Honduras" title="List of cathedrals in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Mexico" title="List of cathedrals in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Nicaragua" title="List of cathedrals in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Panama" title="List of cathedrals in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Paraguay" title="List of cathedrals in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Peru" title="List of cathedrals in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_Philippines" title="List of cathedrals in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Puerto_Rico" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Arizona" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#California" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Florida" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Louisiana" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Texas" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Texas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Uruguay" title="List of cathedrals in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Venezuela" title="List of cathedrals in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches and monasteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_Churches_of_the_Philippines" title="Baroque Churches of the Philippines">Baroque Churches of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_churches_in_Bohol" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic churches in Bohol">Bohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Chilo%C3%A9" title="Churches of Chiloé">Chiloé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant_monasteries_in_Mexico" title="Mendicant monasteries in Mexico">Mendicant monasteries in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasteries_on_the_slopes_of_Popocat%C3%A9petl" title="Monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl">Popocatépetl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fortifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidio" title="Presidio">Presidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_on_the_Caribbean_Side_of_Panama:_Portobelo-San_Lorenzo" title="Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo">Caribbean coast of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_fortifications_of_colonial_Chile" title="Coastal fortifications of colonial Chile">Coasts of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_fortifications_in_the_Philippines" title="Spanish colonial fortifications in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forts_in_colonial_Santo_Domingo" title="List of forts in colonial Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges and roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro" title="Camino Real de Tierra Adentro">Camino Real de Tierra Adentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_bridges_in_Tayabas" title="Spanish colonial bridges in Tayabas">Tayabas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other building types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alh%C3%B3ndiga_(building)" title="Alhóndiga (building)">Alhóndiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahay_na_bato" title="Bahay na bato">Bahay na bato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balconies_of_Lima" title="Balconies of Lima">Balconies of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullring" title="Bullring">Bullring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacienda" title="Hacienda">Hacienda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haciendas_in_the_Valley_of_Ameca" title="Haciendas in the Valley of Ameca">Haciendas in the Valley of Ameca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabildo_(council)" title="Cabildo (council)">Cabildo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_universities_in_Hispanic_America" title="List of colonial universities in Hispanic America">Colonial universities in Hispanic America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_schools_in_the_Philippines" title="List of the oldest schools in the Philippines">Colonial universities in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaza">Plaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architecture types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Baroque_architecture" title="Spanish Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Baroque" title="Andean Baroque">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churrigueresque" title="Churrigueresque">Churrigueresque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthquake_Baroque" title="Earthquake Baroque">Earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Spanish_Baroque" title="New Spanish Baroque">Mexican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilotan_architecture" title="Chilotan architecture">Chilotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_Colonial_architecture" title="Monterey Colonial architecture">Monterey Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Style" title="Territorial Style">Territorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern Revival styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churrigueresque#California_Churrigueresque" title="Churrigueresque">California Churrigueresque Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Revival_architecture" title="Mission Revival architecture">Mission Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial Revival architecture">Spanish Colonial Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Revival_architecture" title="Territorial Revival architecture">Territorial Revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spanish_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_Empire" title="Template:Spanish Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_Empire" title="Template talk:Spanish Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Timeline–immersed" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Timeline–immersed</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Monarchs">Catholic Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Conquest of the Americas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Asia and the Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Habsburgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Spanish Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_League_of_Cognac" title="War of the League of Cognac">War of the League of Cognac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">Encomiendas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Laws" title="New Laws">New Laws in favour of the indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Moriscos" title="Expulsion of the Moriscos">Expulsion of the Moriscos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars" title="Ottoman–Habsburg wars">Ottoman–Habsburg wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_War" title="Castilian War">Bruneian–Spanish conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Caribbean" title="Piracy in the Caribbean">Piracy in the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Moro_conflict" title="Spanish–Moro conflict">Spanish–Moro conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Spanish_War_(1635%E2%80%931659)" title="Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)">Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Portuguese Restoration War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Bourbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Reforms" title="Bourbon Reforms">Bourbon Reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Jenkins%27_Ear" title="War of Jenkins' Ear">War of Jenkins' Ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Madrid_(13_January_1750)" title="Treaty of Madrid (13 January 1750)">Treaty of Madrid (1750)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nootka_Convention" title="Nootka Convention">Nootka Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Napoleonic invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Treaty_of_San_Ildefonso" title="Third Treaty of San Ildefonso">Third Treaty of San Ildefonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Independence of Spanish continental Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1812" title="Spanish Constitution of 1812">Liberal constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlist_Wars" title="Carlist Wars">Carlist Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Spanish_Treaty_(1899)" title="German–Spanish Treaty (1899)">German–Spanish Treaty (1899)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Morocco#Independent_Morocco_(since_1956)" title="History of Morocco">Independence of Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Guinea" title="Spanish Guinea">Independence of Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castille" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of Castille">Crown of Castille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Union with Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li> <li>Southern Italy (Kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples#Aragonese_dynasty" title="Kingdom of Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily#The_insular_kingdom_of_Sicily_under_the_Crown_of_Aragon_and_Spain" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sardinia#Aragonese_period" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Union with Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Catalonia" title="Northern Catalonia">Pyrénées-Orientales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_expeditions_to_the_Pacific_Northwest" title="Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest">Coastal Alaska</a>, Central United States (<a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Spanish Louisiana</a>), Western United States (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Spanish Texas</a>), <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Mexico (page does not exist)">Mexico</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_M%C3%A9xico" class="extiw" title="es:Reino de México">es</a>]</span>, Central America (<a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Yucatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy General of Yucatan">Captaincy General of Yucatan</a>), <a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Indies" title="Spanish West Indies">Spanish Caribbean</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Central_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Central America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Captaincy General of Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Indies" title="Spanish West Indies">Spanish West Indies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago#Spanish_period" title="History of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Santiago" title="Colony of Santiago">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haiti#Spanish_history_(1492–1625)" title="History of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruba#History" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao#History" title="Curaçao">Curazao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire#History" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Belize_(1506%E2%80%931862)" title="History of Belize (1506–1862)">Belize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada" title="Viceroyalty of New Granada">New Granada</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Granada" title="New Kingdom of Granada">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Quito" title="Real Audiencia of Quito">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Panama" title="Real Audiencia of Panama">Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Venezuela" title="Captaincy General of Venezuela">Venezuela, part of Guyana</a>, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Peru</a> (Peru, <a href="/wiki/Acre_(state)" title="Acre (state)">Acre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Chile" title="Captaincy General of Chile">Chile</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata">Río de la Plata</a> (<a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Governorate of the Río de la Plata">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Paraguay" title="Governorate of Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Charcas" title="Real Audiencia of Charcas">Charcas</a> (Bolivia), <a href="/wiki/Banda_Oriental" title="Banda Oriental">Banda Oriental</a> (Uruguay), <a href="/wiki/Misiones_Orientales" title="Misiones Orientales">Misiones Orientales</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="History of the Falkland Islands">Malvinas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Asia_and_Oceania_(Spanish_East_Indies)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Asia and Oceania (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Spanish East Indies</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Captaincy General of the Philippines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Mariana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Formosa" title="Spanish Formosa">Northern Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidore" title="Tidore">Tidore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Guinea" title="Spanish Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li>Northern Africa (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sahara" title="Spanish Sahara">Western Sahara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_protectorate_in_Morocco" title="Spanish protectorate in Morocco">Spanish Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Tripoli" title="Spanish Tripoli">Tripoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunis#Spanish_occupation_and_Ottoman_control" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_of_Algiers" title="Peñón of Algiers">Peñón of Algiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oran#Spanish_period_(1509–1708,_1732–1792)" title="Oran">Oran</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa#Muslim_and_feudal_rulers" title="Béjaïa">Béjaïa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ifni" title="Ifni">Ifni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Juby" title="Cape Juby">Cape Juby</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Antarctica" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Antarctica</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Terra Australis, Spain">Terra Australis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Administration" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administration</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento" title="Ayuntamiento">Ayuntamiento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabildo_(council)" title="Cabildo (council)">Cabildo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Indies" title="Council of the Indies">Council of the Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_(guild)" title="Germania (guild)">Germania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Hermandad" title="Santa Hermandad">Santa Hermandad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exequatur" title="Exequatur">Exequatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_of_the_Indies" title="Laws of the Indies">Laws of the Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Decree_of_Graces_of_1815" title="Royal Decree of Graces of 1815">Royal Decree of Graces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">School of Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_residence" title="Trial of residence">Trial of residence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Titles and positions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcalde" title="Alcalde">Alcalde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corregidor_(position)" title="Corregidor (position)">Corregidor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_president" title="Municipal president">Municipal president</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regidor" title="Regidor">Regidor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndic" title="Syndic">Syndic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vecino" title="Vecino">Vecino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Administrative_subdivisions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative subdivisions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Viceroy#In_the_Americas" title="Viceroy">Viceroyalties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_Viceroyalty" title="Columbian Viceroyalty">Columbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain">New Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada" title="Viceroyalty of New Granada">New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Perú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata">Río de la Plata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Captaincies_of_the_Spanish_Empire" title="Captaincies of the Spanish Empire">Captaincies General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Chile" title="Captaincy General of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Venezuela" title="Captaincy General of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Captaincy General of Yucatán">Yucatán</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_the_Spanish_Empire" title="Governorates of the Spanish Empire">Governorates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castilla_de_Oro" title="Castilla de Oro">Castilla de Oro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Cuba" title="Governorate of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">La Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">La Luisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Andalusia_(1501%E2%80%931513)" title="Governorate of New Andalusia (1501–1513)">New Andalusia (1501–1513)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Andalusia" title="Governorate of New Andalusia">New Andalusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Castile" title="Governorate of New Castile">New Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Navarre" title="New Navarre">New Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Toledo" title="Governorate of New Toledo">New Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Paraguay" title="Governorate of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Governorate of the Río de la Plata">Río de la Plata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Terra_Australis" title="Governorate of Terra Australis">Terra Australis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia" title="Real Audiencia">Audiencias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Granada" title="New Kingdom of Granada">Bogotá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Audiencia_of_Buenos_Aires" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Audiencia of Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Venezuela" title="Captaincy General of Venezuela">Caracas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Charcas" title="Real Audiencia of Charcas">Charcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="Real Audiencia of Concepción">Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Cusco" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Audiencia of Cusco">Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Audiencia_of_Guadalajara" title="Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Guatemala" title="Real Audiencia of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Lima" title="Real Audiencia of Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Manila" title="Real Audiencia of Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Audiencia_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Audiencia of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Panama" title="Real Audiencia of Panama">Panamá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Quito" title="Real Audiencia of Quito">Quito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Santiago" title="Real Audiencia of Santiago">Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Economy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Currency_of_Spanish_America" title="Currency of Spanish America">Currencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Dollar (Peso)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_real" title="Spanish colonial real">Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraved%C3%AD" title="Maravedí">Maravedí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_escudo" title="Spanish escudo">Escudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columnarios" class="mw-redirect" title="Columnarios">Columnario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubloon" title="Doubloon">Doubloon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manila_galleon" title="Manila galleon">Manila galleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_treasure_fleet" title="Spanish treasure fleet">Spanish treasure fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Contrataci%C3%B3n" title="Casa de Contratación">Casa de Contratación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Road" title="Spanish Road">Spanish Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guipuzcoan_Company_of_Caracas" title="Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas">Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Trading_Company" title="Barcelona Trading Company">Barcelona Trading Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consulate_of_the_Sea" title="Consulate of the Sea">Consulate of the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro" title="Camino Real de Tierra Adentro">Camino Real de Tierra Adentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Consulate_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires">Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Military" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Military</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Armies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tercio" title="Tercio">Tercio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Flanders" title="Army of Flanders">Army of Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Company_of_Volunteers_of_Catalonia" title="Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia">Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_auxiliaries" title="Indian auxiliaries">Indian auxiliaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_line_of_Spain" title="List of ships of the line of Spain">Ships of the line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royalist_(Spanish_American_independence)" title="Royalist (Spanish American independence)">Royalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Legion" title="Spanish Legion">Legión</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Africa_(Spain)" title="Army of Africa (Spain)">Army of Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Strategists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_%C3%81lvarez_de_Toledo,_3rd_Duke_of_Alba" title="Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba">Duke of Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Leyva,_Duke_of_Terranova" title="Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova">Antonio de Leyva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Goiti" title="Martín de Goiti">Martín de Goiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_d%27Avalos" title="Alfonso d'Avalos">Alfonso d'Avalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_de_Toledo_Osorio,_4th_Marquis_of_Villafranca" class="mw-redirect" title="García de Toledo Osorio, 4th Marquis of Villafranca">García de Toledo Osorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy">Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Baz%C3%A1n_the_Elder" title="Álvaro de Bazán the Elder">Álvaro de Bazán the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Austria" title="John of Austria">John of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bonaventure_de_Longueval,_Count_of_Bucquoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy">Charles Bonaventure de Longueval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Zubiaur" title="Pedro de Zubiaur">Pedro de Zubiaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrogio_Spinola,_1st_Marquis_of_the_Balbases" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases">Ambrosio Spinola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blas_de_Lezo" title="Blas de Lezo">Blas de Lezo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez" title="Bernardo de Gálvez">Bernardo de Gálvez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Mariners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinz%C3%B3n_brothers" title="Pinzón brothers">Pinzón brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Sebasti%C3%A1n_Elcano" title="Juan Sebastián Elcano">Juan Sebastián Elcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_la_Cosa" title="Juan de la Cosa">Juan de la Cosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Juan Ponce de León">Juan Ponce de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Men%C3%A9ndez_de_Avil%C3%A9s" title="Pedro Menéndez de Avilés">Pedro Menéndez de Avilés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_de_Ocampo" title="Sebastián de Ocampo">Sebastián de Ocampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvar_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Cabeza_de_Vaca" title="Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca">Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Ojeda" title="Alonso de Ojeda">Alonso de Ojeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa" title="Vasco Núñez de Balboa">Vasco Núñez de Balboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Salazar" title="Alonso de Salazar">Alonso de Salazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_de_Urdaneta" title="Andrés de Urdaneta">Andrés de Urdaneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Ulloa" title="Antonio de Ulloa">Antonio de Ulloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos" title="Ruy López de Villalobos">Ruy López de Villalobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Columbus" title="Diego Columbus">Diego Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Ercilla" title="Alonso de Ercilla">Alonso de Ercilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_de_Ovando" title="Nicolás de Ovando">Nicolás de Ovando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Ayala" title="Juan de Ayala">Juan de Ayala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Vizca%C3%ADno" title="Sebastián Vizcaíno">Sebastián Vizcaíno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_(explorer)" title="Juan Fernández (explorer)">Juan Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Fajardo_y_Ru%C3%ADz_de_Avenda%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Fajardo y Ruíz de Avendaño">Luis Fajardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Ahedo" title="Felipe González de Ahedo">Felipe González de Ahedo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">Conquistadors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pizarro" title="Francisco Pizarro">Francisco Pizarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Quesada" title="Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada">Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_P%C3%A9rez_de_Quesada" title="Hernán Pérez de Quesada">Hernán Pérez de Quesada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_V%C3%A1zquez_de_Coronado" title="Francisco Vázquez de Coronado">Francisco Vázquez de Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar">Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Valdivia" title="Pedro de Valdivia">Pedro de Valdivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Portol%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaspar de Portolà">Gaspar de Portolà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pere_Fages_i_Beleta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pere Fages i Beleta">Pere Fages i Beleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Orp%C3%AD" title="Joan Orpí">Joan Orpí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Alvarado" title="Pedro de Alvarado">Pedro de Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Urs%C3%BAa" title="Martín de Ursúa">Martín de Ursúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Almagro" title="Diego de Almagro">Diego de Almagro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1nfilo_de_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Pánfilo de Narváez">Pánfilo de Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Mazariegos" title="Diego de Mazariegos">Diego de Mazariegos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Luis_de_Cabrera" title="Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera">Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pere_d%27Albern%C3%AD_i_Teixidor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor">Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_L%C3%B3pez_de_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="García López de Cárdenas">García López de Cárdenas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Notable battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Old World</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Won</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros" title="Revolt of the Comuneros">Comuneros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bicocca" title="Battle of Bicocca">Bicocca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(1527)" title="Sack of Rome (1527)">Rome (1527)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landriano" title="Battle of Landriano">Landriano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pavia" title="Battle of Pavia">Pavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1535)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1535)">Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C3%BChlberg" title="Battle of Mühlberg">Mühlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Quentin_(1557)" title="Battle of St. Quentin (1557)">St. Quentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gravelines_(1558)" title="Battle of Gravelines (1558)">Gravelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto" title="Battle of Lepanto">Lepanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Antwerp" title="Fall of Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ponta_Delgada" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ponta Delgada">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mons_(1572)" title="Siege of Mons (1572)">Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gembloux_(1578)" title="Battle of Gembloux (1578)">Gembloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ostend" title="Siege of Ostend">Ostend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Armada" title="English Armada">English Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Celidonia" title="Battle of Cape Celidonia">Cape Celidonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Mountain" title="Battle of White Mountain">White Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breda_(1624)" title="Siege of Breda (1624)">Breda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_N%C3%B6rdlingen_(1634)" title="Battle of Nördlingen (1634)">Nördlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)" title="Battle of Valenciennes (1656)">Valenciennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieges_of_Ceuta_(1694%E2%80%931727)" title="Sieges of Ceuta (1694–1727)">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bitonto" title="Battle of Bitonto">Bitonto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bail%C3%A9n" title="Battle of Bailén">Bailén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vitoria" title="Battle of Vitoria">Vitoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_T%C3%A9touan" title="Battle of Tétouan">Tetouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_landing" title="Alhucemas landing">Alhucemas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Capo_d%27Orso" title="Battle of Capo d'Orso">Capo d'Orso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vienna_(1529)" title="Siege of Vienna (1529)">Vienna (1529)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Preveza" title="Battle of Preveza">Preveza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Castelnuovo" title="Siege of Castelnuovo">Siege of Castelnuovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers_expedition_(1541)" title="Algiers expedition (1541)">Algiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ceresole" title="Battle of Ceresole">Ceresole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_invasion_of_the_Balearic_Islands_(1558)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman invasion of the Balearic Islands (1558)">Balearic Islands (1558)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Djerba" title="Battle of Djerba">Djerba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1574)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1574)">Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leiden" title="Siege of Leiden">Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rocroi" title="Battle of Rocroi">Rocroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Downs" title="Battle of the Downs">Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montes_Claros" title="Battle of Montes Claros">Montes Claros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Passaro" title="Battle of Cape Passaro">Passaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_Bay" title="Battle of Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">Trafalgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Somosierra" title="Battle of Somosierra">Somosierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Annual" title="Battle of Annual">Annual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mactan" title="Battle of Mactan">Mactan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New World</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Won</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Tenochtitlan" title="Fall of Tenochtitlan">Tenochtitlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cajamarca" title="Battle of Cajamarca">Cajamarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cusco" title="Siege of Cusco">Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Bogotá savanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Penco" title="Battle of Penco">Penco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mataquito" title="Battle of Mataquito">Mataquito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guadalupe_Island_(1595)" title="Battle of Guadalupe Island (1595)">Guadalupe Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Recife_(1595)" title="Capture of Recife (1595)">Recife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1595)" title="Battle of San Juan (1595)">San Juan (1595)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recapture_of_Bahia" title="Recapture of Bahia">Bahia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Colonia_del_Sacramento" title="Siege of Colonia del Sacramento">Colonia del Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros_(Paraguay)" title="Revolt of the Comuneros (Paraguay)">Comuneros (Paraguay)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cartagena_de_Indias" title="Battle of Cartagena de Indias">Cartagena de Indias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuerno_Verde" title="Cuerno Verde">Cuerno Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_T%C3%BApac_Amaru_II" title="Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II">Túpac Amaru II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Katari" title="Túpac Katari">Túpac Katari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pensacola" title="Siege of Pensacola">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_expedition" title="Newfoundland expedition">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1797)" title="Battle of San Juan (1797)">San Juan (1797)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Noche_Triste" title="La Noche Triste">La Noche Triste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iguape_War" title="Iguape War">Iguape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tucapel" title="Battle of Tucapel">Tucapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh%27s_El_Dorado_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Raleigh's El Dorado Expedition">Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Curalaba" title="Battle of Curalaba">Curalaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros_(New_Granada)" title="Revolt of the Comuneros (New Granada)">Comuneros (New Granada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Trinidad_(1797)" title="Invasion of Trinidad (1797)">Trinidad (1797)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chacabuco" title="Battle of Chacabuco">Chacabuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boyac%C3%A1" title="Battle of Boyacá">Boyacá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carabobo" title="Battle of Carabobo">Carabobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pichincha" title="Battle of Pichincha">Pichincha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ayacucho" title="Battle of Ayacucho">Ayacucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Guam" title="Capture of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Battle of Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Campaign#Battle_of_Asomante" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Campaign">Asomante</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Spanish_conquests" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Spanish conquests</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Conquest of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">The Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Maya" title="Spanish conquest of the Maya">Maya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Chiapas" title="Spanish conquest of Chiapas">Chiapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Spanish conquest of Yucatán">Yucatán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Guatemala" title="Spanish conquest of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Pet%C3%A9n" title="Spanish conquest of Petén">Petén</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_El_Salvador" title="Spanish conquest of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Honduras" title="Spanish conquest of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Nicaragua" title="Spanish conquest of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Chibchan_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish conquest of the Chibchan Nations">Chibchan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Chile" title="Conquest of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Inca_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1521%E2%80%931898)#Spanish_expeditions_and_colonization" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1521–1898)">Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Other_civil_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other civil topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_the_Americas" title="Spanish missions in the Americas">Spanish missions in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_Codices" title="Mesoamerican Codices">Mesoamerican Codices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cusco_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Cusco School">Cusco painting tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indochristian_art" title="Indochristian art">Indochristian painting in New Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Quito School">Quito painting tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapada_lime%C3%B1a" title="Tapada limeña">Tapada limeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Ant%C3%A1rtica" title="Academia Antártica">Academia Antártica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_universities_in_Hispanic_America" title="List of colonial universities in Hispanic America">Colonial universities in Hispanic America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_schools_in_the_Philippines" title="List of the oldest schools in the Philippines">Colonial universities in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Archive_of_the_Indies" title="General Archive of the Indies">General Archive of the Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Spanish_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Spanish Horse">Colonial Spanish Horse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustang" title="Mustang">Mustang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casta" title="Casta">Castas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criollo_people#Spanish_colonial_caste_system" title="Criollo people">Criollos in the colonial society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Old inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Spanish_New_World_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the Spanish New World colonies">Slavery in Spanish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asiento" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiento">Asiento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans#Colonial_era" title="African Americans">Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Potos%C3%AD_Mint_Fraud_of_1649" title="Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649">Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235004#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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