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class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><table style="width:275px; background:#F8F8F8; border:1px solid #ccc; float:right; padding:5px; margin:5px; text-align: center; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;"> <tbody><tr> <td><hr style="height:3px; background-color:#bd1d27; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;" /><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Redistricting_Policy" title="Redistricting Policy"><img alt="Election Policy Logo.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/1/16/Election_Policy_Logo.png/200px-Election_Policy_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="87" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/1/16/Election_Policy_Logo.png/300px-Election_Policy_Logo.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/1/16/Election_Policy_Logo.png/400px-Election_Policy_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="300" /></a></div></div><hr style="height:3px; background-color:#bd1d27; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;" /> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F6F6F6; line-height:140%; font-size: 150%;"><center><b><a href="/Redistricting" title="Redistricting">Redistricting</a> after the 2020 census</b></center><center><div class="SingleDropdown"><select id="dropdownOne" class="styled-dropdown"><option value="Select your state:">Select your state:</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Alabama_after_the_2020_census">Alabama</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Alaska_after_the_2020_census">Alaska</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Arizona_after_the_2020_census">Arizona</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Arkansas_after_the_2020_census">Arkansas</option><option value="Redistricting_in_California_after_the_2020_census">California</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Colorado_after_the_2020_census">Colorado</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Connecticut_after_the_2020_census">Connecticut</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Delaware_after_the_2020_census">Delaware</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Florida_after_the_2020_census">Florida</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Georgia_after_the_2020_census">Georgia</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Hawaii_after_the_2020_census">Hawaii</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Idaho_after_the_2020_census">Idaho</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census">Illinois</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Indiana_after_the_2020_census">Indiana</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Iowa_after_the_2020_census">Iowa</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Kansas_after_the_2020_census">Kansas</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Kentucky_after_the_2020_census">Kentucky</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Louisiana_after_the_2020_census">Louisiana</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Maine_after_the_2020_census">Maine</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Maryland_after_the_2020_census">Maryland</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Massachusetts_after_the_2020_census">Massachusetts</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Michigan_after_the_2020_census">Michigan</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Minnesota_after_the_2020_census">Minnesota</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Mississippi_after_the_2020_census">Mississippi</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Missouri_after_the_2020_census">Missouri</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Montana_after_the_2020_census">Montana</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Nebraska_after_the_2020_census">Nebraska</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Nevada_after_the_2020_census">Nevada</option><option value="Redistricting_in_New_Hampshire_after_the_2020_census">New Hampshire</option><option value="Redistricting_in_New_Jersey_after_the_2020_census">New Jersey</option><option value="Redistricting_in_New_Mexico_after_the_2020_census">New Mexico</option><option value="Redistricting_in_New_York_after_the_2020_census">New York</option><option value="Redistricting_in_North_Carolina_after_the_2020_census">North Carolina</option><option value="Redistricting_in_North_Dakota_after_the_2020_census">North Dakota</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Ohio_after_the_2020_census">Ohio</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Oklahoma_after_the_2020_census">Oklahoma</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Oregon_after_the_2020_census">Oregon</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Pennsylvania_after_the_2020_census">Pennsylvania</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Rhode_Island_after_the_2020_census">Rhode Island</option><option value="Redistricting_in_South_Carolina_after_the_2020_census">South Carolina</option><option value="Redistricting_in_South_Dakota_after_the_2020_census">South Dakota</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Tennessee_after_the_2020_census">Tennessee</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Texas_after_the_2020_census">Texas</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Utah_after_the_2020_census">Utah</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Vermont_after_the_2020_census">Vermont</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Virginia_after_the_2020_census">Virginia</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Washington_after_the_2020_census">Washington</option><option value="Redistricting_in_West_Virginia_after_the_2020_census">West Virginia</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Wisconsin_after_the_2020_census">Wisconsin</option><option value="Redistricting_in_Wyoming_after_the_2020_census">Wyoming</option></select><button value="Submit" class="form-control" text="Submit">Submit</button></div></center><hr style="height:3px; background-color:#bd1d27; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;" /> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:140%"><center><u><b>The 2020 cycle</b></u></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:140%"><center><b><a href="/Congressional_apportionment_after_the_2020_census" title="Congressional apportionment after the 2020 census">Congressional apportionment</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:140%"><center><b><a href="/States_conducting_redistricting_before_2024_elections_due_to_court_rulings_or_legal_requirements" title="States conducting redistricting before 2024 elections due to court rulings or legal requirements">Redistricting before 2024 elections</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:140%"><center><b><a href="/Partisan_composition_of_redistricting_committees,_2020_cycle" title="Partisan composition of redistricting committees, 2020 cycle">Redistricting committees</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:140%"><center><b><a href="/State_redistricting_deadlines_after_the_2020_census" title="State redistricting deadlines after the 2020 census">Deadlines</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:140%"><center><b><a href="/Redistricting_lawsuits_in_the_2020_redistricting_cycle" title="Redistricting lawsuits in the 2020 redistricting cycle">Lawsuits</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:140%"><center><b><a href="/Status_of_redistricting_after_the_2020_census" title="Status of redistricting after the 2020 census">Timeline of redistricting maps</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:140%"><center><b><a href="/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_with_multiple_incumbents,_2022" title="United States House of Representatives elections with multiple incumbents, 2022">2022 House elections with multiple incumbents</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:140%"><center><b><a href="/New_congressional_districts_created_after_the_2020_census" title="New congressional districts created after the 2020 census">New U.S.House districts created after apportionment</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:140%"><center><b><a href="/Congressional_district_maps_implemented_after_the_2020_census" title="Congressional district maps implemented after the 2020 census">Congressional maps</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:140%"><center><b><a href="/State_legislative_district_maps_implemented_after_the_2020_census" title="State legislative district maps implemented after the 2020 census">State legislative maps</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:140%"><center><u><b>General information</b></u></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:140%"><center><b><a href="/State-by-state_redistricting_procedures" title="State-by-state redistricting procedures">State-by-state redistricting procedures</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:140%"><center><b><a href="/United_States_census,_2020" title="United States census, 2020">United States census, 2020</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:140%"><center><b><a href="/Majority-minority_districts" title="Majority-minority districts">Majority-minority districts</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:140%"><center><b><a href="/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:140%"><center><b><a href="/About_Ballotpedia%27s_election_legislation_tracker" class="mw-redirect" title="About Ballotpedia's election legislation tracker">Ballotpedia's election legislation tracker</a></b></center> </th></tr> </tbody></table><div style="float:right; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 0.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; ; max-width:200px;" class="toclimit-3"> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Summary"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Summary</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Enactment"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Enactment</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Enacted_congressional_district_maps"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Enacted congressional district maps</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Reactions"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Reactions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#2020_presidential_results"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">2020 presidential results</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Enacted_state_legislative_district_maps"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Enacted state legislative district maps</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#State_Senate_map"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">State Senate map</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#State_House_map"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">State House map</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Reactions_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Reactions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Previously_enacted_maps"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Previously enacted maps</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-11"><a href="#Map_images"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext"><b>Map images</b></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-12"><a href="#Reactions_3"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.4.2</span> <span class="toctext"><b>Reactions</b></span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Enacted_state_supreme_court_district_maps"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Enacted state supreme court district maps</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Drafting_process"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Drafting process</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Timeline"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Timeline</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Committees_and/or_commissions_involved_in_the_process"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Committees and/or commissions involved in the process</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Drafts_and_proposals"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Drafts and proposals</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#Congressional_district_maps"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Congressional district maps</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-19"><a href="#Map_images_2"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Map images</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-20"><a href="#Reactions_4"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Reactions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-21"><a href="#Legislative_approval"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Legislative approval</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-22"><a href="#Previous_proposals"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Previous proposals</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-23"><a href="#Map_images_3"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Map images</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-24"><a href="#Map_images_4"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Map images</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-25"><a href="#Reactions_5"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Reactions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-26"><a href="#Map_images_5"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.1.8</span> <span class="toctext">Map images</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-27"><a href="#Reactions_6"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.1.9</span> <span class="toctext">Reactions</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="#Legislative_district_maps"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Legislative district maps</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-29"><a href="#Map_images_6"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Map images</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-30"><a href="#Reactions_7"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Reactions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-31"><a href="#Legislative_approval_2"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Legislative approval</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-32"><a href="#Previous_proposals_2"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Previous proposals</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-33"><a href="#Map_images_7"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Map images</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-34"><a href="#Reactions_8"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Reactions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-35"><a href="#Legislative_approval_3"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Legislative approval</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#State_supreme_court_districts"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">State supreme court districts</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-37"><a href="#Map_images_8"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Map images</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-38"><a href="#Reactions_9"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Reactions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-39"><a href="#Legislative_approval_4"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Legislative approval</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#Apportionment_and_release_of_census_data"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Apportionment and release of census data</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#Apportionment_following_the_2020_census"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Apportionment following the 2020 census</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-42"><a href="#Redistricting_data_from_the_Census_Bureau"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Redistricting data from the Census Bureau</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Court_challenges"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Court challenges</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="#McCombie_v._Illinois_State_Board_of_Elections"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext"><i>McCombie v. Illinois State Board of Elections</i></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#Contreras_et._al._v._Illinois_State_Board_of_Elections"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Contreras et. al. v. Illinois State Board of Elections</i></span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-46"><a href="#Case_background"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Case background</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="#Illinois_African_Americans_for_Equitable_Redistricting_complaint"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Illinois African Americans for Equitable Redistricting complaint</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Federal_requirements_for_congressional_redistricting"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Federal requirements for congressional redistricting</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Federal_requirements_for_state_legislative_redistricting"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Federal requirements for state legislative redistricting</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#State-based_requirements"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">State-based requirements</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Methods"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">Methods</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Gerrymandering"><span class="tocnumber">6.5</span> <span class="toctext">Gerrymandering</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Recent_court_decisions"><span class="tocnumber">6.6</span> <span class="toctext">Recent court decisions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="#Trifectas_and_redistricting"><span class="tocnumber">6.7</span> <span class="toctext">Trifectas and redistricting</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-50"><a href="#2010_redistricting_cycle"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">2010 redistricting cycle</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-51"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-53"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p><br /> <b><a href="/Redistricting" title="Redistricting">Redistricting</a> is the process of enacting new district boundaries for elected offices, particularly for offices in the <a href="/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. House of Representatives</a> and <a href="/State_Legislatures" title="State Legislatures">state legislatures</a>.</b> This article chronicles the 2020 redistricting cycle in Illinois. </p><p>Illinois enacted a congressional map on November 24, 2021, after Gov. <a href="/J.B._Pritzker" title="J.B. Pritzker">J.B. Pritzker</a> (D) signed the proposal into law.<sup id="cite_ref-congress24_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-congress24-1">[1]</a></sup> The <a href="/Illinois_State_Senate" title="Illinois State Senate">Illinois State Senate</a> voted 41-18 in favor of the map on October 28, 2021, followed by the <a href="/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">Illinois House of Representatives</a> voting 71-43 in favor on October 29, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup><br /> </p><p>The Illinois State Legislature approved new state legislative maps in a special session on August 31, 2021. Gov. <a href="/J.B._Pritzker" title="J.B. Pritzker">J.B. Pritzker</a> (D) signed the new maps into law on September 24, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-septmapexplain_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-septmapexplain-3">[3]</a></sup> These maps were revised versions of maps enacted on June 4, 2021, that the legislature based on non-census population estimates. Following the release of census data in August, the legislature reconvened to develop and approve a revised map. These maps were later subject to a <a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Court_challenges" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">federal lawsuit</a> that was decided on December 30, 2021, with the court upholding the maps enacted on September 24, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> Learn more <a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Court_challenges" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">here</a>. </p><p>For more information about the enactment of new maps in Illinois, <a href="#Enactment">click here</a>. </p><p>Illinois' 17 United States representatives and 177 state legislators are all elected from political divisions called districts. District lines are redrawn every 10 years following completion of the United States census. <a href="/Redistricting#Background" title="Redistricting">Federal law stipulates</a> that districts must have nearly equal populations and must not discriminate on the basis of race or ethnicity. </p><p>See the sections below for further information on the following topics: </p> <ol><li><b><a href="#Summary">Summary</a></b>: This section provides summary information about the drafting and enacting processes.</li> <li><b><a href="#Enactment">Enactment</a></b>: This section provides information about the enacted congressional and state legislative district maps.</li> <li><b><a href="#Drafting_process">Drafting process</a></b>: This section details the drafting process for new congressional and state legislative district maps.</li> <li><b><a href="#Apportionment_and_release_of_census_data">Apportionment and release of census data</a></b>: This section details the 2020 apportionment process, including data from the United States Census Bureau.</li> <li><b><a href="#Court_challenges">Court challenges</a></b>: This section details court challenges to the enacted congressional and state legislative district maps.</li> <li><b><a href="#Background">Background</a></b>: This section summarizes federal and state-based requirements for redistricting at both the congressional and state legislative levels. A summary of the 2010 redistricting cycle in Illinois is also provided.</li></ol> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Summary">Summary</span></h2> <p>This section lists major events in the post-2020 census redistricting cycle in reverse chronological order. Major events include the release of apportionment data, the release of census population data, the introduction of formal map proposals, the enactment of new maps, and noteworthy court challenges. Click the dates below for additional information. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Court_challenges" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">Dec. 30, 2021</a></b>: A three-judge panel in the <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois">U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois</a> ruled against plaintiffs challenging the enacted state legislative maps and upheld the maps signed into law on Sept. 24, 2021.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Enactment" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">Nov. 24, 2021</a></b>: Gov. <a href="/J.B._Pritzker" title="J.B. Pritzker">J.B. Pritzker</a> (D) signed the new congressional map plan into law.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Draftings_and_proposals" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">Oct. 29, 2021</a></b>: The <a href="/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">Illinois House of Representatives</a> voted 71-43 in favor of the congressional map, sending it to Gov. <a href="/J.B._Pritzker" title="J.B. Pritzker">J.B. Pritzker</a> (D) for final approval.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Draftings_and_proposals" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">Oct. 28, 2021</a></b>: State legislative Democrats released a fourth congressional map plan. The <a href="/Illinois_State_Senate" title="Illinois State Senate">Illinois State Senate</a> voted to approve the proposal 41-18.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Draftings_and_proposals" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">Oct. 27, 2021</a></b>: State legislative Democrats released a third congressional map plan.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Draftings_and_proposals" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">Oct. 23, 2021</a></b>: State legislative Democrats released a revised congressional map plan.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Court_challenges" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">Oct. 19, 2021</a></b>: A three-judge panel in the <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois">U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois</a> ordered plaintiffs and defendants in a <a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Court_challenges" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">redistricting lawsuit</a> to submit revisions to the court of the state legislative district maps enacted in September for further review.<sup id="cite_ref-octilcourt_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-octilcourt-5">[5]</a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Drafting_process" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">Oct. 15, 2021</a></b>: State legislative Democrats released their first proposed congressional map plan.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Enactment" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">Sept. 24, 2021</a></b>: Gov. <a href="/J.B._Pritzker" title="J.B. Pritzker">J.B. Pritzker</a> (D) signed the adjusted state legislative district maps into law.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Apportionment_and_release_of_census_data" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">Sept. 16, 2021</a></b>: The U.S. Census Bureau released data from the 2020 census in an easier-to-use format to state redistricting authorities and the public.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Drafting_process" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">Aug. 31, 2021</a></b>: Illinois lawmakers held a special session and approved the adjusted legislative maps, sending them on to Gov. Pritzker (D) for his signature.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Drafting_process" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">Aug. 30, 2021</a></b>: State lawmakers in Illinois released their adjusted proposed maps for the Illinois State Senate and the Illinois House of Representatives.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Apportionment_and_release_of_census_data" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">Aug. 12, 2021</a></b>: The U.S. Census Bureau delivered redistricting data to states in a legacy format.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Court_challences" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">July 14, 2021</a></b>: Two redistricting lawsuits filed in the <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois"> U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division</a> were consolidated and assigned to a three-judge panel for consideration.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Court_challenges" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">June 10, 2021</a></b>: The Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF) filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division, challenging the legislative maps signed into law by Governor Pritzker (D) on June 4, 2021.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Court_challenges" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">June 9, 2021</a></b>: Illinois House Republican Leader Jim Durkin and Senate Republican Leader Dan McConchie filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division, challenging the legislative maps signed into law by Governor Pritzker (D) on June 4, 2021.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Enactment" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">June 4, 2021</a></b>: Governor J.B. Pritzker (D) signed the revised maps for the Illinois State Senate, the Illinois House of Representatives, and the Illinois Supreme Court.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Drafts_and_proposals" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">May 28, 2021</a></b>: Illinois lawmakers approved revised maps for the Illinois State Senate, the Illinois House of Representatives, and the Illinois Supreme Court, sending them on to Governor J.B. Pritzker (D) for his signature.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Drafts_and_proposals" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">May 21, 2021</a></b>: State lawmakers in Illinois released their proposed maps for the Illinois State Senate and the Illinois House of Representatives, becoming the second state in the 2020 redistricting cycle to produce draft legislative maps. Lawmakers also released proposed maps for state supreme court districts, which were last redrawn in 1964.</li> <li><b><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Apportionment_following_the_2020_census" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">April 26, 2021</a></b>: The U.S. Census Bureau delivered apportionment counts. Illinois was apportioned 17 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives. This represented a net loss of one seat as compared to apportionment after the 2010 census.</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Enactment">Enactment</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Enacted_congressional_district_maps">Enacted congressional district maps</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Congressional_district_maps_implemented_after_the_2020_census" title="Congressional district maps implemented after the 2020 census">Congressional district maps implemented after the 2020 census</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Illinois enacted a congressional map on November 24, 2021, after Gov. <a href="/J.B._Pritzker" title="J.B. Pritzker">J.B. Pritzker</a> (D) signed the proposal into law.<sup id="cite_ref-congress24_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-congress24-1">[1]</a></sup> The <a href="/Illinois_State_Senate" title="Illinois State Senate">Illinois State Senate</a> voted 41-18 in favor of the map on October 28, 2021, followed by the <a href="/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">Illinois House of Representatives</a> voting 71-43 in favor on October 29, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> </p><p>This map took effect for Illinois' 2022 congressional elections. </p><p>Below are the congressional maps in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle. </p> <div class="redistricting-map-flex" data-district-state="IL" data-district-type="congress"> <div class="redistricting-map-flex-item"> <h3 class="redistricting-map-title">Illinois Congressional Districts<br />until January 2, 2023</h3> <p class="redistricting-map-instructions">Click a district to compare boundaries.</p> <div class="redistricting-map-map-container map-a"></div> </div> <div class="redistricting-map-flex-item"> <h3 class="redistricting-map-title">Illinois Congressional Districts<br />starting January 3, 2023</h3> <p class="redistricting-map-instructions">Click a district to compare boundaries.</p> <div class="redistricting-map-map-container map-b"></div> </div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Reactions">Reactions</span></h4> <p>The <i>Associated Press'</i> Sara Burnett wrote, "The map ... was intended to eliminate two Republican-held districts and make elections easier for Democratic candidates, even with the state losing one congressional seat due to population loss."<sup id="cite_ref-congress24_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-congress24-1">[1]</a></sup> Burnett also said the map "added a second predominantly Latino district, after census data showed Illinois’ Latino population grew over the past decade. They also maintained three predominantly Black districts."<sup id="cite_ref-apfinal29_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apfinal29-7">[7]</a></sup> </p><p>State Sen. <a href="/Don_Harmon_(Illinois)" title="Don Harmon (Illinois)">Don Harmon</a> (D), president of the Senate, said the map "reflects the diversity of the state of Illinois," and combined communities "that shared political philosophies and policy objectives."<sup id="cite_ref-apfinal29_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apfinal29-7">[7]</a></sup> State Sen. <a href="/Don_DeWitte" title="Don DeWitte">Don DeWitte</a> (R) said, "This will be the most gerrymandered map in the country, and this process will be used as the poster child for why politicians should never be allowed to draw their own maps."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> </p><p>According to <i><a href="/The_Chicago_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chicago Tribune">The Chicago Tribune</a></i>'s Rick Pearson, the approved proposal drew the following pairs of incumbents into the same district:<sup id="cite_ref-ctcongmap29_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctcongmap29-9">[9]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>U.S. Reps. <a href="/Marie_Newman" title="Marie Newman">Marie Newman</a> (D) and <a href="/Jesus_Garcia" title="Jesus Garcia">Jesus Garcia</a> (D)</li> <li>U.S. Reps. <a href="/Adam_Kinzinger" title="Adam Kinzinger">Adam Kinzinger</a> (R) and <a href="/Darin_LaHood" title="Darin LaHood">Darin LaHood</a> (R)</li> <li>U.S. Reps. <a href="/Mary_Miller_(Illinois)" title="Mary Miller (Illinois)">Mary Miller</a> (R) and <a href="/Mike_Bost" title="Mike Bost">Mike Bost</a> (R)</li></ul> <p>Following the map's approval by the Illinois State Legislature, Kinzinger announced he would <a href="/List_of_U.S._Congress_incumbents_who_are_not_running_for_re-election_in_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. Congress incumbents who are not running for re-election in 2022">not seek re-election in 2022</a>. Additionally, Newman announced that she would seek re-election not against Garcia, but rather against U.S. Rep. <a href="/Sean_Casten" title="Sean Casten">Sean Casten</a> (D) whose new district, under the proposal, would consist of many areas represented by Newman before redistricting.<sup id="cite_ref-apfinal29_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apfinal29-7">[7]</a></sup> <br /><br /> </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="2020_presidential_results">2020 presidential results</span></h4> <p>The table below details the results of the 2020 presidential election in each district at the time of the 2022 election and its political predecessor district.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> This data was compiled by <i>Daily Kos Elections</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> </p> <table class="marqueetable sortable" style="border:1px solid #424949; border-radius:5px; text-align=center;" cellpadding="6px" width="70%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" align="center" style="background-color: #424949; color:white"><b>2020 presidential results by Congressional district, Illinois</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;">District </th> <th colspan="2" style="background:#E5E7E9;"><i><b>2022 district</b></i> </th> <th colspan="2" style="background:#E5E7E9;"><i><b>Political predecessor district</b></i> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;"><a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> <a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party"><img alt="Democratic Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;"><a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> <a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party"><img alt="Republican Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;"><a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> <a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party"><img alt="Democratic Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;"><a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> <a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party"><img alt="Republican Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois%27_1st_Congressional_District" title="Illinois' 1st Congressional District">Illinois' 1st</a></td> <td>70.5%</td> <td>28.1%</td> <td>73.9%</td> <td>24.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois%27_2nd_Congressional_District" title="Illinois' 2nd Congressional District">Illinois' 2nd</a></td> <td>69.3%</td> <td>29.3%</td> <td>77.5%</td> <td>21.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois%27_3rd_Congressional_District" title="Illinois' 3rd Congressional District">Illinois' 3rd</a></td> <td>69.7%</td> <td>28.3%</td> <td>55.5%</td> <td>42.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois%27_4th_Congressional_District" title="Illinois' 4th Congressional District">Illinois' 4th</a></td> <td>72.3%</td> <td>25.9%</td> <td>80.7%</td> <td>17.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois%27_5th_Congressional_District" title="Illinois' 5th Congressional District">Illinois' 5th</a></td> <td>68.9%</td> <td>29.3%</td> <td>72.1%</td> <td>26.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois%27_6th_Congressional_District" title="Illinois' 6th Congressional District">Illinois' 6th</a></td> <td>54.5%</td> <td>43.6%</td> <td>55.3%</td> <td>42.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois%27_7th_Congressional_District" title="Illinois' 7th Congressional District">Illinois' 7th</a></td> <td>85.6%</td> <td>12.8%</td> <td>86.3%</td> <td>12.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois%27_8th_Congressional_District" title="Illinois' 8th Congressional District">Illinois' 8th</a></td> <td>56.8%</td> <td>41.4%</td> <td>59.2%</td> <td>39.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois%27_9th_Congressional_District" title="Illinois' 9th Congressional District">Illinois' 9th</a></td> <td>69.9%</td> <td>28.4%</td> <td>71.0%</td> <td>27.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois%27_10th_Congressional_District" title="Illinois' 10th Congressional District">Illinois' 10th</a></td> <td>62.0%</td> <td>36.1%</td> <td>64.2%</td> <td>34.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois%27_11th_Congressional_District" title="Illinois' 11th Congressional District">Illinois' 11th</a></td> <td>56.6%</td> <td>41.3%</td> <td>61.9%</td> <td>36.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois%27_12th_Congressional_District" title="Illinois' 12th Congressional District">Illinois' 12th</a></td> <td>27.7%</td> <td>70.5%</td> <td>41.9%</td> <td>56.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois%27_13th_Congressional_District" title="Illinois' 13th Congressional District">Illinois' 13th</a></td> <td>54.4%</td> <td>43.2%</td> <td>47.0%</td> <td>50.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois%27_14th_Congressional_District" title="Illinois' 14th Congressional District">Illinois' 14th</a></td> <td>54.7%</td> <td>43.3%</td> <td>50.2%</td> <td>47.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois%27_15th_Congressional_District" title="Illinois' 15th Congressional District">Illinois' 15th</a></td> <td>29.6%</td> <td>68.3%</td> <td>25.9%</td> <td>72.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois%27_16th_Congressional_District" title="Illinois' 16th Congressional District">Illinois' 16th</a></td> <td>38.1%</td> <td>59.6%</td> <td>36.8%</td> <td>60.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois%27_17th_Congressional_District" title="Illinois' 17th Congressional District">Illinois' 17th</a></td> <td>52.7%</td> <td>44.9%</td> <td>48.1%</td> <td>49.7% </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Enacted_state_legislative_district_maps">Enacted state legislative district maps</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/State_legislative_district_maps_implemented_after_the_2020_census" title="State legislative district maps implemented after the 2020 census">State legislative district maps implemented after the 2020 census</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The Illinois State Legislature approved new state legislative maps in a special session on August 31, 2021. Gov. <a href="/J.B._Pritzker" title="J.B. Pritzker">J.B. Pritzker</a> (D) signed the new maps into law on September 24, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-septmapexplain_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-septmapexplain-3">[3]</a></sup> These maps were revised versions of maps enacted on June 4, 2021, that the legislature based on non-census population estimates. Following the release of census data in August, the legislature reconvened to develop and approve a revised map. These maps were later subject to a <a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Court_challenges" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">federal lawsuit</a> that was decided on December 30, 2021, with the court upholding the maps enacted on September 24, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> Learn more <a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Court_challenges" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">here</a>. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="State_Senate_map">State Senate map</span></h4> <p>Below is the state Senate map in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle. </p> <div class="redistricting-map-flex" data-district-state="IL" data-district-type="state_leg_upper"> <div class="redistricting-map-flex-item"> <h3 class="redistricting-map-title">Illinois State Senate Districts<br />until January 10, 2023</h3> <p class="redistricting-map-instructions">Click a district to compare boundaries.</p> <div class="redistricting-map-map-container map-a"></div> </div> <div class="redistricting-map-flex-item"> <h3 class="redistricting-map-title">Illinois State Senate Districts<br />starting January 11, 2023</h3> <p class="redistricting-map-instructions">Click a district to compare boundaries.</p> <div class="redistricting-map-map-container map-b"></div> </div> </div> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="State_House_map">State House map</span></h4> <p>Below is the state House map in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle. </p> <div class="redistricting-map-flex" data-district-state="IL" data-district-type="state_leg_lower"> <div class="redistricting-map-flex-item"> <h3 class="redistricting-map-title">Illinois State House Districts<br />until January 10, 2023</h3> <p class="redistricting-map-instructions">Click a district to compare boundaries.</p> <div class="redistricting-map-map-container map-a"></div> </div> <div class="redistricting-map-flex-item"> <h3 class="redistricting-map-title">Illinois State House Districts<br />starting January 11, 2023</h3> <p class="redistricting-map-instructions">Click a district to compare boundaries.</p> <div class="redistricting-map-map-container map-b"></div> </div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Reactions_2">Reactions</span></h4> <p>In a press release, Pritzker said, "These legislative maps align with the landmark Voting Rights Act and will help ensure Illinois' diversity is reflected in the halls of government."<sup id="cite_ref-suntime24_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suntime24-13">[13]</a></sup> House Minority Leader <a href="/Jim_Durkin" title="Jim Durkin">Jim Durkin</a> (R) called the maps partisan, saying, "Once again, Gov. Pritzker has proven that he governs only for the Democratic political insiders and not for the people of Illinois."<sup id="cite_ref-suntime24_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suntime24-13">[13]</a></sup> </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Previously_enacted_maps">Previously enacted maps</span></h4> <p>Click on the header below to view information about the state legislative maps enacted on June 4, 2021. </p><ul class="nav nav-stacked panel-group" id="headertabs-ul"><li class="panel"><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#headertabs-ul" href="#tab1" style="background:#eee;">Legislative maps signed June 4, 2021 (click to expand)</a><div id="tab1" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Map_images"><b>Map images</b></span></h5> <p>Images of the enacted Senate and House maps are embedded below. </p> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=17Y0xXfLplX4vwFbDS9C3YTodON3Bx7JD&ll=39.79510521942542%2C-89.50414500000001&z=6">Click here</a> for an interactive viewer of the enacted Senate map.</li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1Rs-85ic7W0nBZ2QPiXsGIazZicynzIco">Click here</a> for an interactive viewer of the enacted House map.</li></ul> <center><b>Illinois State Senate – enacted map (June 4, 2021)</b></center> <p><iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=17Y0xXfLplX4vwFbDS9C3YTodON3Bx7JD" width="640" height="480"></iframe> </p> <center><b>Illinois House of Representatives – enacted map (June 4, 2021)</b></center> <p><iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1Rs-85ic7W0nBZ2QPiXsGIazZicynzIco" width="640" height="480"></iframe> </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Reactions_3"><b>Reactions</b></span></h5> <p>After signing the new maps into law, Governor Pritzker's office released a statement saying, "Illinois’ strength is in our diversity, and these maps help to ensure that communities that have been left out and left behind have fair representation in our government... These district boundaries align with both the federal and state Voting Rights Acts, which help to ensure our diverse communities have electoral power and fair representation."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> Illinois House Speaker <a href="/Chris_Welch" title="Chris Welch"> Emanuel "Chris" Welch</a> (D) responded to the signing saying, "With Gov. Pritzker’s signature, people of Illinois can be confident in a legislative map that is reflective of the diversity that we see in every corner of our state."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> </p><p>Illinois House and Senate Republican leaders criticized the governor's signing of the new maps with House Republican leader <a href="/Jim_Durkin" title="Jim Durkin">Jim Durkin</a> saying, "Governor Pritzker, you sold out. You sold out independents, you sold out Republicans, you sold out Democrats, to the partisan Democrat machine which has destroyed Illinois,"<sup id="cite_ref-ILFBRResponse_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ILFBRResponse-16">[16]</a></sup> and Senate Republican leader <a href="/Dan_McConchie" title="Dan McConchie">Dan McConchie</a> saying, "More than 75% of the public clearly supports independently drawn legislative maps, today Governor Pritzker signed a partisan map drawn by politicians with one goal and one goal only, and that's to maximize power over the people of this state."<sup id="cite_ref-ILFBRResponse_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ILFBRResponse-16">[16]</a></sup> </p></div></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Enacted_state_supreme_court_district_maps">Enacted state supreme court district maps</span></h3> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color: #d0d0d0"><b><a href="/Illinois_Appellate_Court" title="Illinois Appellate Court">Illinois Appellate<br />Court Districts</a></b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="noresize"><map name="ImageMap_1ded7587c1bfb56c"><area href="/Illinois_Second_District_Appellate_Court" shape="poly" coords="8,0,12,5,16,6,15,9,19,9,25,10,26,8,28,8,28,5,26,5,26,3,29,3,29,0" alt="Illinois Second District Appellate Court" title="Illinois Second District Appellate Court" /><area href="/Illinois_First_District_Appellate_Court" shape="poly" coords="26,4,26,5,28,5,29,9,31,11,30,4" alt="Illinois First District Appellate Court" title="Illinois First District Appellate Court" /><area href="/Illinois_Third_District_Appellate_Court" shape="poly" coords="1,22,5,15,4,12,11,6,15,6,15,9,32,11,32,19,27,19,27,15,24,14,17,16,16,17,17,18,18,22" alt="Illinois Third District Appellate Court" title="Illinois Third District Appellate Court" /><area href="/Illinois_Fourth_District_Appellate_Court" shape="poly" coords="0,23,7,36,14,35,14,30,18,27,24,31,24,33,31,33,32,20,26,20,25,14,21,14,16,17,18,22,15,22,9,23" alt="Illinois Fourth District Appellate Court" title="Illinois Fourth District Appellate Court" /><area href="/Illinois_Fifth_District_Appellate_Court" shape="poly" coords="18,27,14,30,14,35,10,35,8,42,15,49,17,55,24,54,27,50,32,37,31,34,24,33,24,31" alt="Illinois Fifth District Appellate Court" title="Illinois Fifth District Appellate Court" /></map><img alt="Illinois Judicial District Map 2022.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/5/5e/Illinois_Judicial_District_Map_2022.png/120px-Illinois_Judicial_District_Map_2022.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="155" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/5/5e/Illinois_Judicial_District_Map_2022.png/180px-Illinois_Judicial_District_Map_2022.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/5/5e/Illinois_Judicial_District_Map_2022.png/240px-Illinois_Judicial_District_Map_2022.png 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2200" usemap="#ImageMap_1ded7587c1bfb56c" /></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>New state supreme court district maps were signed into law by Governor <a href="/J.B._Pritzker" title="J.B. Pritzker">J.B. Pritzker</a> (D) on June 4, 2021. The <a href="/Illinois_Supreme_Court" title="Illinois Supreme Court">Illinois Supreme Court</a> lifted a pause order on this map on Jan. 1, 2022, resulting in its full implementation. This was the first time the state updated its judicial districts map since they were first enacted in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> </p><p>An image of the enacted state Supreme Court district map appears on the right. <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=1sceG-4iCvsd4bsT3MHZ_qCZIbM9Zxg8f&ll=39.79510521942542%2C-89.26651350000003&z=6">Click here</a> for an interactive viewer of the enacted Supreme Court map. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Drafting_process">Drafting process</span></h2> <p>The <a href="/Illinois_General_Assembly" title="Illinois General Assembly">Illinois General Assembly</a> is responsible for drawing both congressional and state legislative district lines. Both chambers of the state legislature must approve a redistricting plan. The <a href="/Governor_of_Illinois" title="Governor of Illinois">governor</a> may veto the lines drawn by the state legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-illinoisloyola_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-illinoisloyola-18">[18]</a></sup> </p><p>In the event that both chambers of the state legislature do not approve a legislative redistricting plan, a backup commission must draw the lines. The majority and minority leaders of each chamber must appoint two members each to the commission (one legislator and one general citizen). Of the eight commission members, no more than four may belong to the same political party. In the event that these eight members cannot approve a plan, the <a href="/Illinois_Supreme_Court" title="Illinois Supreme Court">Illinois Supreme Court</a> must select two individuals (from different political parties) as potential tiebreakers. The <a href="/Secretary_of_State_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State of Illinois">secretary of state</a> must then appoint one of these individuals to the backup commission to break the tie.<sup id="cite_ref-illinoisloyola_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-illinoisloyola-18">[18]</a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/Illinois_Constitution" title="Illinois Constitution">Illinois Constitution</a> requires that state legislative districts be "contiguous and reasonably compact." There are no such requirements in place for the state's congressional districts.<sup id="cite_ref-illinoisloyola_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-illinoisloyola-18">[18]</a></sup> </p><p>State law also mandates the establishment of state legislative districts "that allow racial or language minority communities to elect--or influence the election of--the candidates of their choice, even if no comparable district would be required by the federal <a href="/Voting_Rights_Act" title="Voting Rights Act">Voting Rights Act</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-illinoisloyola_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-illinoisloyola-18">[18]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Timeline">Timeline</span></h3> <p><b>Congressional redistricting</b><br /> Illinois did not set a specific redistricting deadline for congressional maps in the 2020 redistricting cycle. The candidate filing deadline for the 2022 election cycle in Illinois was March 14, 2022, an inferred redistricting deadline.<sup id="cite_ref-loytime_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loytime-19">[19]</a></sup> The Illinois Legislature approved new congressional lines on Oct. 29, 2021, which were signed into law by Gov. <a href="/J.B._Pritzker" title="J.B. Pritzker">J.B. Pritzker</a> (D) on Nov. 24, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-congress24_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-congress24-1">[1]</a></sup> </p><p><b>Legislative redistricting</b><br /> The legislature's deadline to complete redistricting for the state House and Senate was June 30, 2021. In Illinois, if the legislature fails to meet its deadline, an eight-person commission is formed with an ultimate deadline of Oct. 5, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-loytime_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loytime-19">[19]</a></sup> The Illinois Legislature passed its first state legislative maps on May 28, 2021, which were signed into law by Gov. <a href="/J.B._Pritzker" title="J.B. Pritzker">J.B. Pritzker</a> (D) on June 4. These maps were created using preliminary data rather than the official 2020 census data, which was not released until August 2021. On Aug. 31, legislators approved a revised map using the census data. Pritzker signed these maps into law on Sept. 24, 2021. </p> <h3><span id="Committees_and.2For_commissions_involved_in_the_process"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Committees_and/or_commissions_involved_in_the_process">Committees and/or commissions involved in the process</span></h3> <p>In Illinois, each chamber of the state legislature has its own redistricting committee. As of May 25, 2021, these committees had the following members:<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="multicol" style="background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50%" align="left" valign="top"> <table class="bptable collapsible sortable" style="background:none; text-align:center; width:auto; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" style="background-color:#bd1d27; color: white;">Illinois Senate Redistricting Committee membership, 2020 cycle </th></tr> <tr> <th valign="bottom" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Name </th> <th valign="bottom" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Partisan affiliation </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Chair</b>: <a href="/Omar_Aquino" title="Omar Aquino">Omar Aquino</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Electiondot.png" class="image"><img alt="Electiondot.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic">Democratic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Vice-Chair</b>: <a href="/Elgie_R._Sims,_Jr." title="Elgie R. Sims, Jr.">Elgie R. Sims, Jr.</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Electiondot.png" class="image"><img alt="Electiondot.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic">Democratic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Minority Spokesperson</b> : <a href="/Jason_Barickman" title="Jason Barickman">Jason Barickman</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Ends.png" class="image"><img alt="Ends.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Republican" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican">Republican</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Scott_M._Bennett" title="Scott M. Bennett">Scott M. Bennett</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Electiondot.png" class="image"><img alt="Electiondot.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic">Democratic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Cristina_Castro" title="Cristina Castro">Cristina Castro</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Electiondot.png" class="image"><img alt="Electiondot.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic">Democratic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Bill_Cunningham" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Cunningham">Bill Cunningham</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Electiondot.png" class="image"><img alt="Electiondot.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic">Democratic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Mattie_Hunter" title="Mattie Hunter">Mattie Hunter</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Electiondot.png" class="image"><img alt="Electiondot.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic">Democratic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Emil_Jones" title="Emil Jones">Emil Jones</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Electiondot.png" class="image"><img alt="Electiondot.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic">Democratic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Laura_Murphy" title="Laura Murphy">Laura Murphy</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Electiondot.png" class="image"><img alt="Electiondot.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic">Democratic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Steve_McClure" title="Steve McClure">Steve McClure</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Ends.png" class="image"><img alt="Ends.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Republican" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican">Republican</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Dan_McConchie" title="Dan McConchie">Dan McConchie</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Ends.png" class="image"><img alt="Ends.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Republican" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican">Republican</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Jason_Plummer" title="Jason Plummer">Jason Plummer</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Ends.png" class="image"><img alt="Ends.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Republican" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican">Republican</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="50%" align="left" valign="top"> <table class="bptable collapsible sortable" style="background:none; text-align:center; width:auto; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" style="background-color:#bd1d27; color: white;">Illinois House Redistricting Committee membership, 2020 cycle </th></tr> <tr> <th valign="bottom" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Name </th> <th valign="bottom" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Partisan affiliation </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Chair</b>: <a href="/Elizabeth_Hernandez" title="Elizabeth Hernandez">Elizabeth Hernandez</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Electiondot.png" class="image"><img alt="Electiondot.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic">Democratic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Vice-Chair</b>: <a href="/Curtis_Tarver_II" title="Curtis Tarver II">Curtis Tarver II</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Electiondot.png" class="image"><img alt="Electiondot.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic">Democratic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Minority Spokesperson</b> : <a href="/Tim_Butler_(Illinois)" title="Tim Butler (Illinois)">Tim Butler</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Ends.png" class="image"><img alt="Ends.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Republican" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican">Republican</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Avery_Bourne" title="Avery Bourne">Avery Bourne</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Ends.png" class="image"><img alt="Ends.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Republican" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican">Republican</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Kelly_M._Burke" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelly M. Burke">Kelly M. Burke</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Electiondot.png" class="image"><img alt="Electiondot.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic">Democratic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Jehan_Gordon-Booth" title="Jehan Gordon-Booth">Jehan Gordon-Booth</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Electiondot.png" class="image"><img alt="Electiondot.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic">Democratic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Jay_Hoffman" class="mw-redirect" title="Jay Hoffman">Jay Hoffman</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Electiondot.png" class="image"><img alt="Electiondot.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic">Democratic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Theresa_Mah" title="Theresa Mah">Theresa Mah</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Electiondot.png" class="image"><img alt="Electiondot.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic">Democratic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Dave_Severin" title="Dave Severin">Dave Severin</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Ends.png" class="image"><img alt="Ends.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Republican" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican">Republican</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Ryan_Spain" title="Ryan Spain">Ryan Spain</a></td> <td><a href="/File:Ends.png" class="image"><img alt="Ends.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Republican" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican">Republican</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Drafts_and_proposals">Drafts and proposals</span></h3> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Congressional_district_maps">Congressional district maps</span></h4> <p>On October 28, state legislative Democrats released their fourth proposed congressional district map.<sup id="cite_ref-ctcongmap29_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctcongmap29-9">[9]</a></sup> On Oct. 29, the <a href="/Illinois_State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois State Legislature">Illinois State Legislature</a> voted to send this proposal to Gov. <a href="/J.B._Pritzker" title="J.B. Pritzker">J.B. Pritzker</a> (D) for final approval. <sup id="cite_ref-ctcongmap29_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctcongmap29-9">[9]</a></sup> </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Map_images_2">Map images</span></h5> <p>An image of the October 28 proposal is embedded below and can be viewed <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=1DuemrWTVXzfvozXGm1Vts_nkTD5jXw9W&ll=39.79510521942545%2C-89.50414500000001&z=6">here</a>. </p><p><iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1DuemrWTVXzfvozXGm1Vts_nkTD5jXw9W" width="640" height="480"></iframe> </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Reactions_4">Reactions</span></h5> <p>State Sen. <a href="/Don_Harmon_(Illinois)" title="Don Harmon (Illinois)">Don Harmon</a> (D), president of the Senate, said the map "reflects the diversity of the state of Illinois," and combined communities "that shared political philosophies and policy objectives."<sup id="cite_ref-apfinal29_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apfinal29-7">[7]</a></sup> </p><p>State Sen. <a href="/Don_DeWitte" title="Don DeWitte">Don DeWitte</a> (R) said, "This will be the most gerrymandered map in the country, and this process will be used as the poster child for why politicians should never be allowed to draw their own maps."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> </p><p>According to <i><a href="/The_Chicago_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chicago Tribune">The Chicago Tribune</a></i>'s Rick Pearson, the approved proposal drew the following pairs of incumbents into the same district:<sup id="cite_ref-ctcongmap29_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctcongmap29-9">[9]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>U.S. Reps. <a href="/Marie_Newman" title="Marie Newman">Marie Newman</a> (D) and <a href="/Jesus_Garcia" title="Jesus Garcia">Jesus Garcia</a> (D)</li> <li>U.S. Reps. <a href="/Adam_Kinzinger" title="Adam Kinzinger">Adam Kinzinger</a> (R) and <a href="/Darin_LaHood" title="Darin LaHood">Darin LaHood</a> (R)</li> <li>U.S. Reps. <a href="/Mary_Miller_(Illinois)" title="Mary Miller (Illinois)">Mary Miller</a> (R) and <a href="/Mike_Bost" title="Mike Bost">Mike Bost</a> (R)</li></ul> <p>Following the map's approval by the Illinois State Legislature, Kinzinger announced he would <a href="/List_of_U.S._Congress_incumbents_who_are_not_running_for_re-election_in_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. Congress incumbents who are not running for re-election in 2022">not seek re-election in 2022</a>. Additionally, Newman announced that she would seek re-election not against Garcia, but rather against U.S. Rep. <a href="/Sean_Casten" title="Sean Casten">Sean Casten</a> (D) whose new district, under the proposal, would consist of many areas represented by Newman before redistricting.<sup id="cite_ref-apfinal29_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apfinal29-7">[7]</a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Associated Press'</i> Sara Burnett also observed: </p> <table data-nosnippet="" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;background-color: transparent; auto; ;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="border:none; color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding: 10px 3px;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px;"> <p>Democrats added a second predominantly Latino district, after census data showed Illinois’ Latino population grew over the past decade. They also maintained three predominantly Black districts.<sup id="cite_ref-apfinal29_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apfinal29-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotedisclaimer-23">[23]</a></sup> </p> </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 1px;">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Legislative_approval">Legislative approval</span></h5> <p>On Oct. 28, the <a href="/Illinois_State_Senate" title="Illinois State Senate">Illinois State Senate</a> voted 41-18 in favor of the map. On Oct. 29, the <a href="/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">Illinois House of Representatives</a> voted 71-43 in favor, sending it to Gov. <a href="/J.B._Pritzker" title="J.B. Pritzker">J.B. Pritzker</a> (D) for final approval.<sup id="cite_ref-ctcongmap29_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctcongmap29-9">[9]</a></sup> </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Previous_proposals">Previous proposals</span></h5> <p>Click on the header below to view information regarding the state legislative maps proposed by the Illinois State Legislature on Oct. 15, 2021, and revised maps released on Oct. 23 and 27. </p><ul class="nav nav-stacked panel-group" id="headertabs-ul"><li class="panel"><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#headertabs-ul" href="#tab5" style="background:#eee;">Congressional maps released Oct. 27, 2021 (click to expand)</a><div id="tab5" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><p>On October 27, state legislative Democrats released their third proposed congressional district map.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Map_images_3">Map images</span></h5> <p>An image of the October 27 proposal is embedded below and can be viewed <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=18j4EB5AkMO5MoVqBUAOujG0MuzdwgM2D&ll=39.79510521942547%2C-89.50414500000001&z=6">here</a>. </p><p><iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=18j4EB5AkMO5MoVqBUAOujG0MuzdwgM2D" width="640" height="480"></iframe> </p></div></li></ul> <ul class="nav nav-stacked panel-group" id="headertabs-ul"><li class="panel"><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#headertabs-ul" href="#tab4" style="background:#eee;">Congressional maps released Oct. 23, 2021 (click to expand)</a><div id="tab4" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><p>On October 23, state legislative Democrats released their second proposed congressional district map.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Map_images_4">Map images</span></h5> <p>An image of the October 23 proposal is embedded below and can be viewed <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/1/viewer?mid=1xACNozSOP7nkzZu-Hk21QUAwSRh7r7xH&ll=40.741371049822355%2C-88.49584851237333&z=8">here</a>. </p><p><iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1xACNozSOP7nkzZu-Hk21QUAwSRh7r7xH" width="640" height="480"></iframe> </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Reactions_5">Reactions</span></h5> <p>State Sen. <a href="/Omar_Aquino" title="Omar Aquino">Omar Aquino</a> (D), chairman of the Senate Redistricting Committee, said, "The changes made in this updated congressional map will help ensure the diversity of Illinois is reflected in Washington," adding, "We appreciate the many advocacy groups and individuals that continue to guide our work with passion and dedication."<sup id="cite_ref-apsecond_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apsecond-26">[26]</a></sup> </p><p>Joe Hackler, a spokesman for the <a href="/Republican_Party_of_Illinois" title="Republican Party of Illinois">Republican Party of Illinois</a>, wrote, "As we said for the last version of the map, Illinois Democrats ... have made it clear that they are willing to disenfranchise Illinois voters and break repeated campaign promises to do the bidding of Nancy Pelosi [(D)] and D.C. power brokers."<sup id="cite_ref-apsecond_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apsecond-26">[26]</a></sup> </p><p>According to the <i>Associated Press</i>, under the second proposal, the following pairs of incumbents would be drawn into the same district, resulting in the possibility of contested primaries in 2022:<sup id="cite_ref-apsecond_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apsecond-26">[26]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>U.S. Reps. <a href="/Marie_Newman" title="Marie Newman">Marie Newman</a> (D) and <a href="/Sean_Casten" title="Sean Casten">Sean Casten</a> (D)</li> <li>U.S. Reps. <a href="/Adam_Kinzinger" title="Adam Kinzinger">Adam Kinzinger</a> (R) and <a href="/Darin_LaHood" title="Darin LaHood">Darin LaHood</a> (R)</li> <li>U.S. Reps. <a href="/Mary_Miller_(Illinois)" title="Mary Miller (Illinois)">Mary Miller</a> (R) and <a href="/Mike_Bost" title="Mike Bost">Mike Bost</a> (R)</li></ul> <p>The <i>Associated Press</i> also observed that, under the second draft, "a proposed congressional district would connect Latino populations on the northwest side of Chicago with the city’s West Side and western suburbs for a second Latino-leaning district, in addition to the one currently represented by U.S. Rep. Jesus “Chuy” Garcia, a Chicago Democrat."<sup id="cite_ref-apsecond_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apsecond-26">[26]</a></sup> </p></div></li></ul> <ul class="nav nav-stacked panel-group" id="headertabs-ul"><li class="panel"><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#headertabs-ul" href="#tab3" style="background:#eee;">Congressional maps released Oct. 15, 2021 (click to expand)</a><div id="tab3" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><p>On October 15, state legislative Democrats released their first proposed congressional district map.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Map_images_5">Map images</span></h5> <p>An image of the October 15 proposal is embedded below and can be viewed <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/2/viewer?mid=1Y6yu6pUj93glyWFcE_h2L5ALUovtNjMt&ll=39.79510521942542%2C-89.50414500000001&z=7">here</a>. </p><p><iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1Y6yu6pUj93glyWFcE_h2L5ALUovtNjMt" width="640" height="480"></iframe> </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Reactions_6">Reactions</span></h5> <p><i><a href="/The_Chicago_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chicago Tribune">The Chicago Tribune</a>'</i>s Rick Pearson wrote: </p> <table data-nosnippet="" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;background-color: transparent; auto; ;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="border:none; color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding: 10px 3px;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px;"> <p>Illinois Democrats have been under pressure from interests including the party’s national campaign committee to maximize opportunities for Democratic seats. Progressives had sought a map that could elect 15 Democrats and leave only two Republicans, but Democratic leaders said privately they settled on a plan to ensure a more likely outcome of 14 Democrats and three Republicans.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotedisclaimer-23">[23]</a></sup> </p> </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 1px;">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p></div></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Legislative_district_maps">Legislative district maps</span></h4> <p>Lawmakers in Illinois approved two sets of maps. The first set, released on May 21, 2021, was based on American Community Survey data. This made Illinois the second state in the 2020 redistricting cycle to produce draft maps.<sup id="cite_ref-cbschicago_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbschicago-29">[29]</a></sup> Gov. <a href="/J.B._Pritzker" title="J.B. Pritzker">J.B. Pritzker</a> (D) signed these maps into law on June 4, 2021. On August 30, 2021, lawmakers released a revised set of maps for the <a href="/Illinois_State_Senate" title="Illinois State Senate">Illinois State Senate</a> and <a href="/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">Illinois House of Representatives</a> adjusted to account for the 2020 census data released by the U.S. Census Bureau on August 12, 2021, which were legislatively approved on August 31.<sup id="cite_ref-abcILmaps2.0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcILmaps2.0-30">[30]</a></sup> Pritzker signed the revised maps into law on September 24, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-pritzsept_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pritzsept-31">[31]</a></sup> On Oct. 19, a three-judge panel in the <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois">U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois</a> ordered plaintiffs and defendants in a <a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Court_challenges" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">redistricting lawsuit</a> to submit revisions to the September maps to the court for further review.<sup id="cite_ref-octilcourt_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-octilcourt-5">[5]</a></sup> Learn more <a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2020_census#Court_challenges" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census">here</a>. </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Map_images_6">Map images</span></h5> <p>Images of the August set of proposed statewide maps are embedded below. </p> <center><b>Illinois State Senate – proposed map (Aug. 31, 2021)</b></center> <p><iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1X9lSD13vTX_-4oIyWqstGk8e1VFGJ_i2" width="640" height="480"></iframe> </p> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/2/viewer?ll=41.61149042022266%2C-88.40276560546876&z=10&mid=1X9lSD13vTX_-4oIyWqstGk8e1VFGJ_i2">Click here</a> for an interactive view of the proposed Senate maps.</li></ul> <center><b>Illinois House of Representatives – proposed map (Aug. 31, 2021)</b></center> <p><iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1L7I2r4gat9nRWx9wfaizpn7XkA7i1qL4" width="640" height="480"></iframe> </p> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/1/viewer?mid=1L7I2r4gat9nRWx9wfaizpn7XkA7i1qL4&ll=39.79510521942545%2C-89.50414500000001&z=5">Click here</a> for an interactive view of the proposed House maps.</li></ul> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Reactions_7">Reactions</span></h5> <p>Chairwoman of the Illinois House Redistricting Commission, Rep. <a href="/Elizabeth_Hernandez_(Illinois)" title="Elizabeth Hernandez (Illinois)">Elizabeth Hernandez</a> (D), upon the release of the adjusted maps said that they, “better reflect the data we recently received from the U.S. Census and ensure communities are represented by the people of their choice.”<sup id="cite_ref-nbcILmaps2.0_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbcILmaps2.0-32">[32]</a></sup> </p><p>State Rep. <a href="/Avery_Bourne" title="Avery Bourne">Avery Bourne</a> (R) criticized the redistricting process saying, “This is the opposite of transparent. It was a sham to ask the public to be in those hearings if you’re not even going to take into consideration their suggestions.”<sup id="cite_ref-cst_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cst-33">[33]</a></sup> </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Legislative_approval_2">Legislative approval</span></h5> <p>After releasing the proposed maps on August 30, 2021, lawmakers held a special session on August 31, 2021, for the purpose of voting on the maps. Lawmakers approved the adjusted maps on August 31, 2021. The House voted 73-43 in favor of the maps, and the Senate voted 40-17 in favor of the maps.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Previous_proposals_2">Previous proposals</span></h5> <p>Click on the header below to view information regarding the state legislative maps proposed and approved by the Illinois State Legislature in May 2021. </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><ul class="nav nav-stacked panel-group" id="headertabs-ul"><li class="panel"><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#headertabs-ul" href="#tab2" style="background:#eee;">Legislative maps released May 21, 2021 (click to expand)</a><div id="tab2" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><p>On May 21, 2021, state lawmakers in Illinois released their proposed maps for the <a href="/Illinois_State_Senate" title="Illinois State Senate">Illinois State Senate</a> and the <a href="/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">Illinois House of Representatives</a>, becoming the second state in the 2020 redistricting cycle to produce draft maps.<sup id="cite_ref-cbschicago_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbschicago-29">[29]</a></sup> </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Map_images_7">Map images</span></h5> <p>Images of the proposed statewide maps are embedded below. </p> <center><b>Illinois State Senate – proposed map (May 27, 2021)</b></center> <p><iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=17Y0xXfLplX4vwFbDS9C3YTodON3Bx7JD" width="640" height="480"></iframe> </p> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=17Y0xXfLplX4vwFbDS9C3YTodON3Bx7JD&ll=39.79510521942542%2C-89.50414500000001&z=7">Click here</a> for an interactive viewer of the proposed Senate maps.</li></ul> <center><b>Illinois House of Representatives – proposed map (May 27, 2021)</b></center> <p><iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1Rs-85ic7W0nBZ2QPiXsGIazZicynzIco" width="640" height="480"></iframe> </p> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/2/viewer?mid=1Rs-85ic7W0nBZ2QPiXsGIazZicynzIco&ll=39.79510521942542%2C-89.50414500000001&z=7">Click here</a> for an interactive viewer of the proposed House maps.</li></ul> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Reactions_8">Reactions</span></h5> <p>Upon announcing the release of the proposed maps, Sen. <a href="/Omar_Aquino" title="Omar Aquino">Omar Aquino</a> (D) said, "Redistricting is about making sure all voices are heard, and that’s exactly what this map accomplishes. This is a fair map that reflects the great diversity of our state and ensures every person receives equal representation in the General Assembly."<sup id="cite_ref-cbschicago_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbschicago-29">[29]</a></sup> </p><p>Rep. <a href="/Tim_Butler_(Illinois)" title="Tim Butler (Illinois)">Tim Butler</a> (R) criticized the proposed maps: "Tonight’s drop of partisan maps is yet another attempt to mislead voters in an effort to block fair elections. We continue our call upon Governor Pritzker to live up to his pledge to the people of Illinois and veto a map that was drawn by politicians like what we see here today."<sup id="cite_ref-cbschicago_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbschicago-29">[29]</a></sup> </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Legislative_approval_3">Legislative approval</span></h5> <p>After releasing their initial proposals on May 21, 2021, state lawmakers made further changes to the maps. On May 28, 2021, Illinois lawmakers approved revised legislative district maps. The House voted 70-45 in favor of the maps, with all Democrats present voting 'yea' and all Republicans present voting 'nay.' The Senate voted 40-18 in favor of the maps, also with all Democrats present voting 'yea' and all Republicans present voting 'nay.'<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> </p></div></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="State_supreme_court_districts">State supreme court districts</span></h4> <p>On May 21, 2021, state lawmakers released proposed maps for state supreme court districts, which were last redrawn in 1964. Illinois is divided into five supreme court districts. Cook County (home to Chicago) forms a single district, but it is allocated three seats on the seven-member court. Downstate Illinois is divided into four districts, each with one seat on the court.<sup id="cite_ref-tribunecourtmap_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribunecourtmap-37">[37]</a></sup> </p><p>The state constitution allows state lawmakers to redraw supreme court districts at any time. However, according to <i>The Chicago Tribune</i>, "lawmakers have traditionally used boundaries for the circuit, appellate and Supreme Court laid out in a 1964 overhaul of the state's court system."<sup id="cite_ref-tribunecourtmap_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribunecourtmap-37">[37]</a></sup> </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Map_images_8">Map images</span></h5> <p>An image of the proposed supreme court district map is embedded below. </p> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1sceG-4iCvsd4bsT3MHZ_qCZIbM9Zxg8f&ll=39.79510521942542%2C-89.26651350000003&z=7">Click here</a> for an interactive viewer of the proposed House supreme court district map.</li></ul> <center><b>Illinois Supreme Court – proposed map (May 25, 2021)</b></center> <p><iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1sceG-4iCvsd4bsT3MHZ_qCZIbM9Zxg8f" width="640" height="480"></iframe> </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Reactions_9">Reactions</span></h5> <p>Rep. <a href="/Elizabeth_Hernandez" title="Elizabeth Hernandez">Elizabeth Hernandez</a> (D), chair of the House Redistricting Committee, said it was necessary to redraw the court's district maps to ensure more equal populations between districts: "This map is about equal representation in the state’s most important court. As we strive for all to be equal before the law, we must ensure we all have an equal voice in choosing those who uphold it."<sup id="cite_ref-tribunecourtmap_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribunecourtmap-37">[37]</a></sup> </p><p>The state Republican Party opposed the redrawn the state supreme court map: "This is a brazen abuse of our judicial system and nothing more than political gamesmanship with what should be an independent court, free of corrupt influence."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup> </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Legislative_approval_4">Legislative approval</span></h5> <p>On May 28, 2021, Illinois lawmakers approved a revised state supreme court district map. The House voted 71-45 in favor of the maps, with all Democrats present voting 'yea' and all Republicans present voting 'nay.' The Senate voted 40-18 in favor of the maps, also with all Democrats present voting 'yea' and all Republicans present voting 'nay.'<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Apportionment_and_release_of_census_data">Apportionment and release of census data</span></h2> <p><a href="/Apportionment" title="Apportionment">Apportionment</a> is the process by which representation in a legislative body is distributed among its constituents. The number of seats in the <a href="/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> is fixed at 435. The United States Constitution dictates that districts be redrawn every 10 years to ensure equal populations between districts. Every ten years, upon completion of the United States census, reapportionment occurs.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Apportionment_following_the_2020_census">Apportionment following the 2020 census</span></h3> <p>The U.S. Census Bureau delivered apportionment counts on April 26, 2021. Illinois was apportioned 17 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives. This represented a net loss of one seat as compared to apportionment after the 2010 census.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup> </p><p>See the table below for additional details. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="background:none; text-align:center; width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="8" align="center" style="background-color:#bd1d27; color: white;">2020 and 2010 census information for Illinois </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" valign="bottom" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">State </th> <th colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">2010 census </th> <th colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">2020 census </th> <th colspan="3" valign="bottom" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">2010-2020 </th></tr> <tr> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#CFCECE; color: black;">Population </th> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#CFCECE; color: black;">U.S. House seats </th> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#CFCECE; color: black;">Population </th> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#CFCECE; color: black;">U.S. House seats </th> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#CFCECE; color: black;">Raw change in population </th> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#CFCECE; color: black;">Percentage change in population </th> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#CFCECE; color: black;">Change in U.S. House seats </th></tr> <tr> <td>Illinois</td> <td>12,864,380</td> <td>18</td> <td>12,822,739</td> <td>17</td> <td>-41,641</td> <td>-0.32%</td> <td>-1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Redistricting_data_from_the_Census_Bureau">Redistricting data from the Census Bureau</span></h4> <p>On February 12, 2021, the Census Bureau announced that it would deliver redistricting data to the states by September 30, 2021. On March 15, 2021, the Census Bureau released a statement indicating it would make redistricting data available to the states in a legacy format in mid-to-late August 2021. A legacy format presents the data in raw form, without data tables and other access tools. On May 25, 2021, Ohio Attorney General <a href="/Dave_Yost" title="Dave Yost">Dave Yost</a> (R) announced that the state had reached a settlement agreement with the Census Bureau in its lawsuit over the Census Bureau's timetable for delivering redistricting data. Under the terms of the settlement, the Census Bureau agreed to deliver redistricting data, in a legacy format, by August 16, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yoststatement_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yoststatement-44">[44]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-march15statement_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-march15statement-45">[45]</a></sup> The Census Bureau released the <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/about/rdo/summary-files.html?linkId=100000060649449">2020 redistricting data</a> in a legacy format on August 12, 2021, and in an easier-to-use format at <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/">data.census.gov</a> on September 16, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Court_challenges">Court challenges</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>If you are aware of any relevant lawsuits that are not listed here, please email us at <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="mailto:editor@ballotpedia.org">editor@ballotpedia.org</a>.</i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="McCombie_v._Illinois_State_Board_of_Elections"><i>McCombie v. Illinois State Board of Elections</i></span></h3> <p>Illinois House minority leader <a href="/Tony_McCombie" title="Tony McCombie">Tony McCombie</a> (R) and five voters filed a lawsuit on January 28, 2025, alleging that the <a href="/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">state House</a> map enacted in 2021 was drawn unconstitutionally in Democrats' favor. <sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup> </p><p>The plaintiffs wrote in the lawsuit: </p> <table data-nosnippet="" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;background-color: transparent; auto; ;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="border:none; color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding: 10px 3px;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px;"> <p>The districts of the Illinois State House of Representatives (the “Enacted Plan”) are the byproduct of extreme partisan gerrymandering. They are drawn by the political party in control and are intended to entrench the Democratic Party in power. The districts are also meant to prevent voters affiliated with the minority party from electing candidates of their choice. In other words, the general election outcomes are rigged.<sup id="cite_ref-iaafer_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaafer-49">[49]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotedisclaimer-23">[23]</a></sup> </p> </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 1px;">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Contreras_et._al._v._Illinois_State_Board_of_Elections"><i>Contreras et. al. v. Illinois State Board of Elections</i></span></h3> <p>The Illinois State Legislature enacted two sets of state legislative maps during the 2020 redistricting cycle: </p> <ul><li>The first, which Gov. <a href="/J.B._Pritzker" title="J.B. Pritzker">J.B. Pritzker</a> (D) signed into law on June 4, 2021, redrew state House and Senate lines using data from the American Community Survey (ACS), a demographics survey program conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau but distinct from the decennial census. According to state constitutional requirements, the legislature had a June 30 deadline to complete its maps. If the legislature had missed that deadline, the map-making process would have transferred to a commission.<sup id="cite_ref-octilcourt_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-octilcourt-5">[5]</a></sup></li> <li>The second, which Gov. Pritzker signed into law on Sept. 24, 2021, revised the June maps. Data from the 2020 census was officially released in August 2021, prompting legislators to reconvene in a special session and adopt revised maps based on the official census data. The June maps were never repealed.<sup id="cite_ref-septmapexplain_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-septmapexplain-3">[3]</a></sup></li></ul> <p>On Oct. 19, 2021, a three-judge panel in the <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois">U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois</a> declared that the state legislative maps enacted on June 4, 2021, were unconstitutional based on violations of the Equal Protection Clause of the <a href="/Amendment_XIV,_United_States_Constitution" title="Amendment XIV, United States Constitution">14th Amendment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-octilcourt_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-octilcourt-5">[5]</a></sup> The Oct. 19 ruling did not declare either the constitutionality or unconstitutionality of the maps enacted in September.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup> </p><p>On Dec. 30, 2021, the panel ruled against the plaintiffs and upheld the state legislative maps enacted on Sept. 24, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup> </p><p>To read the court's final opinion, click <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021-12-30-Argued-December-dckt-70_0.pdf">here</a>. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Case_background">Case background</span></h4> <p>Following the enactment of the June maps, plaintiffs filed two lawsuits in the <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois">U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division</a>: Illinois House and Senate Republican leaders <a href="/Jim_Durkin" title="Jim Durkin">Jim Durkin</a> and <a href="/Dan_McConchie" title="Dan McConchie">Dan McConchie</a> on June 9, 2021, and the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund (MALDEF) on June 10, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-ILRepublicansFiling_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ILRepublicansFiling-52">[52]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MALDEFFiling_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MALDEFFiling-53">[53]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup> </p><p>The two lawsuits were consolidated in a single case and assigned to a three-judge panel on July 14, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-3Judge_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3Judge-55">[55]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ISJDismiss_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISJDismiss-56">[56]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-redrawn_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redrawn-57">[57]</a></sup> <a href="/Robert_Dow" title="Robert Dow">Robert Dow Jr.</a> of the Northern District of Illinois, <a href="/Jon_E._DeGuilio" title="Jon E. DeGuilio">Jon E. DeGuilio</a> of the Northern District of Indiana, and <a href="/Michael_B._Brennan_(Wisconsin)" title="Michael B. Brennan (Wisconsin)">Michael B. Brennan</a> of the 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals were assigned to the case.<sup id="cite_ref-3Judge_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3Judge-55">[55]</a></sup> </p><p>In their initial complaints, both sets of plaintiffs alleged that the June maps were malapportioned since they were based on ACS data rather than the data from the official 2020 census.<sup id="cite_ref-MALDEFFiling_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MALDEFFiling-53">[53]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChicagoILRepsSue_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChicagoILRepsSue-58">[58]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Durkin&McConchieFiling_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durkin&McConchieFiling-59">[59]</a></sup> </p><p>In a July 16 motion, the Illinois State Board of Elections and the offices of House Speaker <a href="/Chris_Welch" title="Chris Welch">Welch</a> (D) and Senate President <a href="/Don_Harmon" title="Don Harmon">Harmon</a> (D) said that neither the Illinois constitution nor the U.S. constitution required census data to be used in redistricting. They also said that until the 2020 census data was released, the court had no way to measure the validity of the plaintiffs' equal protection arguments.<sup id="cite_ref-ISJDismiss_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISJDismiss-56">[56]</a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. Census Bureau released official 2020 census data in August 2021 which prompted the state legislature to reconvene for a special session to revise the June maps based on census data. Those maps were sent to Gov. Pritzker who signed them into law on Sept. 24, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-septmapexplain_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-septmapexplain-3">[3]</a></sup> </p><p>On Oct. 1, 2021, both sets of plaintiffs filed amended complaints saying the September maps violated the U.S. Constitution, as alleged in the initial complaints, as well as the <a href="/Voting_Rights_Act" title="Voting Rights Act">Voting Rights Act</a> of 1965. Both groups of plaintiffs said that Illinois' Latino population grew over the preceding decade, but the September maps reduced the number of Latino opportunity districts, where Latinos make up more than 50% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-oct1amend_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oct1amend-60">[60]</a></sup> </p><p>On Oct. 15, the East St. Louis Branch <a href="/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>, among others, filed a separate lawsuit in the <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois">U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois</a> requesting the court prevent the state from enforcing the state legislative maps approved and enacted in September. Plaintiffs alleged that the September plan constituted an unconstitutional racial gerrymander by <a href="/Cracking" title="Cracking">cracking</a> predominantly Black communities in East St. Louis into three separate districts: House Districts 112, 113, and 114.<sup id="cite_ref-naacp1_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naacp1-61">[61]</a></sup> The case was reassigned to the three-judge panel overseeing the <i>McConchie</i> and <i>Contreras</i> cases on Oct. 20.<sup id="cite_ref-oct20move_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oct20move-62">[62]</a></sup> </p><p>For additional information about the individual lawsuits, including the remedies sought, click "Show more" below. </p> <script type="text/javascript" src="/wiki/extensions/ShowHideText/ShowHideText.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/wiki/extensions/ShowHideText/ShowHideText.css" /><div class="all-content"><div class="shown-content"> </div><a href="#ShowThis" class="ShowThis">Show more</a><div class="hidden-content"> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="McConchie_and_Durkin_v._Illinois_State_Board_of_Elections"><i>McConchie and Durkin v. Illinois State Board of Elections</i></span></h4> <p>The McConchie and Durkin complaint focused on the use of data from the U.S. Census Bureau's five-year American Community Survey (ACS), instead of the data from the 2020 census. Plaintiffs cited undercounts by the ACS compared with the federal data saying, "[ACS] estimates are not intended to be, and are not, a proper substitute for the official census counts." They alleged that "because it uses ACS estimates for population data, the Redistricting Plan does not ensure that the Senate and Representative Districts satisfy the constitutional mandate of substantially equal populations [among districts]."<sup id="cite_ref-ChicagoILRepsSue_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChicagoILRepsSue-58">[58]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Durkin&McConchieFiling_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durkin&McConchieFiling-59">[59]</a></sup> They asked the court to declare the enacted maps unconstitutional and to appoint either a bipartisan legislative commission or a special master (outside expert) to draft new maps. Democratic leaders of the Senate Redistricting Committee <a href="/Omar_Aquino" title="Omar Aquino">Omar Aquino</a> and <a href="/Elgie_Sims" class="mw-redirect" title="Elgie Sims">Elgie Sims</a> responded to the lawsuit in a joint statement saying, "We stand by our work to ensure everyone has a voice in state government."<sup id="cite_ref-ChicagoILRepsSue_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChicagoILRepsSue-58">[58]</a></sup> </p><p>After the release of the US Census Data on August 12, 2021, McConchie and Durkin filed a motion for summary judgment on the case on August 19, 2021. The motion argued that the maps should be ruled unconstitutional <i>ab initio</i>, or from the beginning, for exceeding the maximum 10% deviation permitted, with "29.88% [deviation] for House Districts and 20.25% for Senate Districts."<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup> </p><p>To read the official complaint filed click <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://quincy-network.s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/37/2021/06/GOP-lawsuit.pdf">here</a>. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Contreras_v._Illinois_State_Board_of_Elections"><i>Contreras v. Illinois State Board of Elections</i></span></h4> <p>The MALDEF complaint alleged the maps were malapportioned because they used data from the ACS instead of data from the 2020 census. They also said the maps violated the <a href="/Amendment_XIV,_United_States_Constitution" title="Amendment XIV, United States Constitution"> Fourteenth Amendment</a>, writing "ACS data are an estimate of population characteristics based on sample data, and not a count of U.S. citizens and non-U.S. citizens."<sup id="cite_ref-MALDEFFiling_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MALDEFFiling-53">[53]</a></sup> The plaintiffs alleged that "the Enacted Plans purportedly ensure compliance with the 'one-person, one-vote' standard mandated by the Fourteenth Amendment; however, ACS data is inadequate for that purpose."<sup id="cite_ref-MALDEFFiling_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MALDEFFiling-53">[53]</a></sup> They asked the court to declare that the enacted plans violated the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause, and requested an injunction to prevent the defendants from using the maps in future state General Assembly elections. They also asked for an injunction requiring the defendants to draw new maps based on the data from the 2020 census.<sup id="cite_ref-MALDEFFiling_53-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MALDEFFiling-53">[53]</a></sup> </p><p>On July 28, 2021, MALDEF attorneys filed an amended complaint saying that, because Contreras, Fuentes, Martinez, Padilla, and Torres lived in the allegedly malapportioned districts, the June maps would dilute their votes in future elections.<sup id="cite_ref-MALDEFAmended_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MALDEFAmended-64">[64]</a></sup> </p><p>To read the official complaint filed click <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.maldef.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Illinois-2021_06_10-FINAL_FILED.pdf">here</a>. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="United_Congress_of_Community_and_Religious_Organizations_et_al_v._Illinois_State_Board_of_Elections_et_al"><i>United Congress of Community and Religious Organizations et al v. Illinois State Board of Elections et al</i></span></h4> <p>On Oct. 15, the United Congress of Community and Religious Organizations, the East St. Louis Branch <a href="/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>, and the Illinois State Conference of the NAACP filed a lawsuit in the <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois">U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois</a> against the state board of elections requesting the court prevent the state from enforcing the state legislative maps approved and enacted in September. The groups alleged that the September plan constituted an unconstitutional racial gerrymander by <a href="/Cracking" title="Cracking">cracking</a> predominantly Black communities in East St. Louis into three separate districts: House Districts 112, 113, and 114.<sup id="cite_ref-naacp1_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naacp1-61">[61]</a></sup> To read the official complaint filed, click [001.East-St.-Louis-NAACP-v.-ISBE-et-al.Complaint.10.15.2021 here]. </p><p>On Oct. 20, Judge <a href="/Jorge_L._Alonso" title="Jorge L. Alonso">Jorge L. Alonso</a> granted an unopposed motion filed by the plaintiffs requesting that this case be reassigned to the existing three-judge panel overseeing the <i>McConchie</i> and <i>Contreras</i> cases.<sup id="cite_ref-oct20move_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oct20move-62">[62]</a></sup> </p><p>To read the official complaint filed click <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/01-2021-10-15-complaint.pdf">here</a>. </p> </div></div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Illinois_African_Americans_for_Equitable_Redistricting_complaint">Illinois African Americans for Equitable Redistricting complaint</span></h3> <p>On Oct. 11, the Illinois African Americans for Equitable Redistricting (IAAFER) filed a complaint with the <a href="/Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> regarding the state legislative maps approved and enacted in September 2021. <i>The Center Square'</i>s Kevin Bessler wrote that the group wanted "to ensure that the maps optimize opportunities for minority voters to elect candidates of their choice."<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup> Regarding the September, IAAFER released a statement saying: </p> <table data-nosnippet="" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;background-color: transparent; auto; ;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="border:none; color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding: 10px 3px;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px;"> <p>Black people comprised 14% of Illinois’ population in 2011, and still comprise 14% of Illinois’ population in 2021. However, the number of majority Black districts has been cut by 50%. White people comprised 60% of Illinois’ population in 2011, and 58% of Illinois’ population in 2021. Yet, 69% if the districts drawn in the redistricting plan, are majority White. In fact, two new majority White representative districts were formed by dismantling a majority Black district in East St. Louis, Illinois.<sup id="cite_ref-iaafer_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaafer-49">[49]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotedisclaimer-23">[23]</a></sup> </p> </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 1px;">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span></h2> <p>This section includes background information on federal requirements for <a href="#Federal_requirements_for_congressional_redistricting">congressional redistricting</a>, <a href="#Federal_requirements_for_state_legislative_redistricting">state legislative redistricting</a>, <a href="#State-based_requirements">state-based requirements</a>, <a href="#Methods">redistricting methods used in the 50 states</a>, <a href="#Gerrymandering">gerrymandering</a>, and <a href="#Recent_court_decisions">recent court decisions</a>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Federal_requirements_for_congressional_redistricting">Federal requirements for congressional redistricting</span></h3> <p>According to Article I, Section 4 of the <a href="/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>, the states and their legislatures have primary authority in determining the "times, places, and manner" of congressional elections. Congress may also pass laws regulating congressional elections.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup> </p> <table data-nosnippet="" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;background-color: transparent; auto; ;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="border:none; color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding: 10px 3px;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.<sup id="cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotedisclaimer-23">[23]</a></sup> </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 1px;">” </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="cquotecite" style="border: none; padding-right: 4%"><cite style="font-style: normal;font-size: smaller; float: right;">—United States Constitution</cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Article I, Section 2 of the <a href="/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> stipulates that congressional representatives be <a href="/Apportionment" title="Apportionment">apportioned</a> to the states on the basis of population. There are 435 seats in the <a href="/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>. Each state is allotted a portion of these seats based on the size of its population relative to the other states. Consequently, a state may gain seats in the House if its population grows or lose seats if its population decreases, relative to populations in other states. In 1964, the <a href="/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> ruled in <i><a href="/Wesberry_v._Sanders" title="Wesberry v. Sanders">Wesberry v. Sanders</a></i> that the populations of House districts must be equal "as nearly as practicable."<sup id="cite_ref-brennan_report_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brennan_report-68">[68]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-where_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-where-70">[70]</a></sup> </p><p>The equal population requirement for congressional districts is strict. According to <i>All About Redistricting</i>, "Any district with more or fewer people than the average (also known as the 'ideal' population), must be specifically justified by a consistent state policy. And even consistent policies that cause a 1 percent spread from largest to smallest district will likely be unconstitutional."<sup id="cite_ref-where_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-where-70">[70]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Federal_requirements_for_state_legislative_redistricting">Federal requirements for state legislative redistricting</span></h3> <p>The <a href="/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> is silent on the issue of state legislative redistricting. In the mid-1960s, the <a href="/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> issued a series of rulings in an effort to clarify standards for state legislative redistricting. In <i><a href="/Reynolds_v._Sims" title="Reynolds v. Sims">Reynolds v. Sims</a></i>, the court ruled that "the Equal Protection Clause [of the <a href="/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>] demands no less than substantially equal state legislative representation for all citizens, of all places as well as of all races." According to <i>All About Redistricting</i>, "it has become accepted that a [redistricting] plan will be constitutionally suspect if the largest and smallest districts [within a state or jurisdiction] are more than 10 percent apart."<sup id="cite_ref-where_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-where-70">[70]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="State-based_requirements">State-based requirements</span></h3> <p>In addition to the federal criteria noted above, individual states may impose additional requirements on redistricting. Common state-level redistricting criteria are listed below. </p> <ol><li><b><a href="/Contiguity" title="Contiguity">Contiguity</a></b> refers to the principle that all areas within a district should be physically adjacent. A total of 49 states require that districts of at least one state legislative chamber be contiguous (Nevada has no such requirement, imposing no requirements on redistricting beyond those enforced at the federal level). A total of 23 states require that congressional districts meet contiguity requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-where_70-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-where-70">[70]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fairvotedefinitions_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fairvotedefinitions-71">[71]</a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/Compactness" title="Compactness">Compactness</a></b> refers to the general principle that the constituents within a district should live as near to one another as practicable. A total of 37 states impose compactness requirements on state legislative districts; 18 states impose similar requirements for congressional districts.<sup id="cite_ref-where_70-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-where-70">[70]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fairvotedefinitions_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fairvotedefinitions-71">[71]</a></sup></li> <li>A <b><a href="/Community_of_interest" title="Community of interest">community of interest</a></b> is defined by <a href="/FairVote" title="FairVote">FairVote</a> as a "group of people in a geographical area, such as a specific region or neighborhood, who have common political, social or economic interests." A total of 24 states require that the maintenance of communities of interest be considered in the drawing of state legislative districts. A total of 13 states impose similar requirements for congressional districts.<sup id="cite_ref-where_70-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-where-70">[70]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fairvotedefinitions_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fairvotedefinitions-71">[71]</a></sup></li> <li>A total of 42 states require that state legislative district lines be drawn to account for <b><a href="/Political_boundaries" title="Political boundaries">political boundaries</a></b> (e.g., the limits of counties, cities, and towns). A total of 19 states require that similar considerations be made in the drawing of congressional districts.<sup id="cite_ref-where_70-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-where-70">[70]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fairvotedefinitions_71-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fairvotedefinitions-71">[71]</a></sup></li></ol> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Methods">Methods</span></h3> <p>In general, a state's redistricting authority can be classified as one of the following:<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup> </p> <ol><li><b>Legislature-dominant</b>: In a legislature-dominant state, the legislature retains the ultimate authority to draft and enact district maps. Maps enacted by the legislature may or may not be subject to gubernatorial veto. Advisory commissions may also be involved in the redistricting process, although the legislature is not bound to adopt an advisory commission's recommendations.</li> <li><b>Commission</b>: In a commission state, an extra-legislative commission retains the ultimate authority to draft and enact district maps. A non-politician commission is one whose members cannot hold elective office. A politician commission is one whose members can hold elective office.</li> <li><b>Hybrid</b>: In a hybrid state, the legislature shares redistricting authority with a commission.</li></ol> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/File:Rsz_the_gerry-mander_edit.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/d/d9/Rsz_the_gerry-mander_edit.png/200px-Rsz_the_gerry-mander_edit.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="93" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/d/d9/Rsz_the_gerry-mander_edit.png/300px-Rsz_the_gerry-mander_edit.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/d/d9/Rsz_the_gerry-mander_edit.png/400px-Rsz_the_gerry-mander_edit.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="278" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/File:Rsz_the_gerry-mander_edit.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>In 1812, Massachusetts Governor Elbridge Gerry signed into law a state Senate district map that, according to the <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, "consolidated the Federalist Party vote in a few districts and thus gave disproportionate representation to Democratic-Republicans." The word <i>gerrymander</i> was coined by <i>The Boston Gazette</i> to describe the district.</div></div></div> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The term <i><a href="/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">gerrymandering</a></i> refers to the practice of drawing electoral district lines to favor one political party, individual, or constituency over another. When used in a rhetorical manner by opponents of a particular district map, the term has a negative connotation but does not necessarily address the legality of a challenged map. The term can also be used in legal documents; in this context, the term describes redistricting practices that violate federal or state laws.<sup id="cite_ref-matter_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matter-73">[73]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brittanica_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brittanica-74">[74]</a></sup> </p><p>For additional background information about gerrymandering, click "[Show more]" below. </p> <div class="all-content"><div class="shown-content"> </div><a href="#ShowThis" class="ShowThis">Show more</a><div class="hidden-content"> <p>The phrase <i>racial gerrymandering</i> refers to the practice of drawing electoral district lines to dilute the voting power of racial minority groups. Federal law prohibits racial gerrymandering and establishes that, to combat this practice and to ensure compliance with the <a href="/Voting_Rights_Act" title="Voting Rights Act">Voting Rights Act</a>, states and jurisdictions can create majority-minority electoral districts. A <a href="/Majority-minority_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Majority-minority district">majority-minority district</a> is one in which a racial group or groups comprise a majority of the district's populations. Racial gerrymandering and majority-minority districts are discussed in greater detail <a href="/Gerrymandering#Racial_gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">in this article</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-crsreport_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crsreport-75">[75]</a></sup> </p> The phrase <i>partisan gerrymandering</i> refers to the practice of drawing electoral district maps with the intention of favoring one political party over another. In contrast with racial gerrymandering, on which the <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> has issued rulings in the past affirming that such practices violate federal law, the high court had not, as of November 2017, issued a ruling establishing clear precedent on the question of partisan gerrymandering. Although the court has granted in past cases that partisan gerrymandering can violate the United States Constitution, it has never adopted a standard for identifying or measuring partisan gerrymanders. Partisan gerrymandering is described in greater detail <a href="/Gerrymandering#Partisan_gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">in this article</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup></div></div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Recent_court_decisions">Recent court decisions</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Redistricting_cases_heard_by_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Redistricting cases heard by the Supreme Court of the United States">Redistricting cases heard by the Supreme Court of the United States</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The Supreme Court of the United States has, in recent years, issued several decisions dealing with redistricting policy, including rulings relating to the consideration of race in drawing district maps, the use of total population tallies in <a href="/Apportionment" title="Apportionment">apportionment</a>, and the constitutionality of <a href="/Independent_redistricting_commissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent redistricting commissions">independent redistricting commissions</a>. The rulings in these cases, which originated in a variety of states, impact redistricting processes across the nation. </p><p>For additional background information about these cases, click "[Show more]" below. </p> <div class="all-content"><div class="shown-content"> </div><a href="#ShowThis" class="ShowThis">Show more</a><div class="hidden-content"> <h4><span id="Alexander_v._South_Carolina_State_Conference_of_the_NAACP_.282024.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Alexander_v._South_Carolina_State_Conference_of_the_NAACP_(2024)"><i>Alexander v. South Carolina State Conference of the NAACP</i> (2024)</span></h4> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Alexander_v._South_Carolina_State_Conference_of_the_NAACP" title="Alexander v. South Carolina State Conference of the NAACP">Alexander v. South Carolina State Conference of the NAACP</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i><a href="/Alexander_v._South_Carolina_State_Conference_of_the_NAACP" title="Alexander v. South Carolina State Conference of the NAACP">Alexander v. South Carolina State Conference of the NAACP</a></i> — This case concerns a challenge to the congressional redistricting plan that the <a href="/South_Carolina_State_Legislature" title="South Carolina State Legislature">South Carolina legislature</a> enacted after the 2020 census. In January 2023, a federal three-judge panel ruled that the state's 1st Congressional District was unconstitutional and enjoined the state from conducting future elections using its district boundaries. The panel's opinion said, "The Court finds that race was the predominant factor motivating the General Assembly’s adoption of Congressional District No. 1...Defendants have made no showing that they had a compelling state interest in the use of race in the design of Congressional District No. 1 and thus cannot survive a strict scrutiny review."<sup id="cite_ref-3judgeorder_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3judgeorder-78">[78]</a></sup> <a href="/Thomas_Alexander" title="Thomas Alexander">Thomas Alexander</a> (R)—in his capacity as <a href="/South_Carolina_State_Senate" title="South Carolina State Senate">South Carolina State Senate</a> president—appealed the federal court's ruling, arguing: :In striking down an isolated portion of South Carolina Congressional District 1 as a racial gerrymander, the panel never even mentioned the presumption of the General Assembly’s “good faith.”...The result is a thinly reasoned order that presumes bad faith, erroneously equates the purported racial effect of a single line in Charleston County with racial predominance across District 1, and is riddled with “legal mistake[s]” that improperly relieved Plaintiffs of their “demanding” burden to prove that race was the “predominant consideration” in District 1.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup> The <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> scheduled oral argument on this case for October 11, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup> </p> <h4><span id="Moore_v._Harper_.282023.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Moore_v._Harper_(2023)"><i>Moore v. Harper</i> (2023)</span></h4> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Moore_v._Harper" title="Moore v. Harper">Moore v. Harper</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>At issue in <i><a href="/Moore_v._Harper" title="Moore v. Harper">Moore v. Harper</a></i>, was whether state legislatures alone are empowered by the Constitution to regulate federal elections without oversight from state courts, which is known as the <i>independent state legislature doctrine</i>. On November 4, 2021, the <a href="/North_Carolina_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="North Carolina General Assembly">North Carolina General Assembly</a> adopted a new congressional voting map based on 2020 Census data. The legislature, at that time, was controlled by the <a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republican Party</a>. In the case <i>Harper v. Hall</i> (2022), a group of Democratic Party-affiliated voters and nonprofit organizations challenged the map in state court, alleging that the new map was a partisan gerrymander that violated the state constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-sbart_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sbart-81">[81]</a></sup> On February 14, 2022, the <a href="/North_Carolina_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="North Carolina Supreme Court">North Carolina Supreme Court</a> ruled that the state could not use the map in the 2022 elections and <span class="simple-tooltip simple-tooltip-inline" data-simple-tooltip="<p>To return a case or claim to a lower court for additional proceedings. </p>">remanded</span> the case to the trial court for further proceedings. The trial court adopted a new congressional map drawn by three court-appointed experts. <b>The <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">United States Supreme Court</a> affirmed the <a href="/North_Carolina_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="North Carolina Supreme Court">North Carolina Supreme Court</a>'s original decision in <i><a href="/Moore_v._Harper" title="Moore v. Harper">Moore v. Harper</a></i> that the state's congressional district map violated state law.</b> In a 6-3 decision, Chief Justice <a href="/John_Roberts_(Supreme_Court)" title="John Roberts (Supreme Court)">John Roberts</a> wrote that the "Elections Clause does not vest exclusive and independent authority in state legislatures to set the rules regarding federal elections.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></sup> </p> <h4><span id="Merrill_v._Milligan_.282023.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Merrill_v._Milligan_(2023)"><i>Merrill v. Milligan</i> (2023)</span></h4> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Merrill_v._Milligan" class="mw-redirect" title="Merrill v. Milligan">Merrill v. Milligan</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>At issue in <i><a href="/Merrill_v._Milligan" class="mw-redirect" title="Merrill v. Milligan">Merrill v. Milligan</a></i>, was the constitutionality of Alabama's 2021 redistricting plan and whether it violated Section 2 of the <a href="/Voting_Rights_Act" title="Voting Rights Act">Voting Rights Act</a>. A group of Alabama voters and organizations sued Secretary of State John Merrill (R) and the House and Senate redistricting chairmen, Rep. Chris Pringle (R) and Sen. Jim McClendon (R). Plaintiffs alleged the congressional map enacted on Nov. 4, 2021, by Gov. Kay Ivey (R) unfairly distributed Black voters. The plaintiffs asked the lower court to invalidate the enacted congressional map and order a new map with instructions to include a second majority-Black district. <b>The court ruled 5-4, affirming the lower court opinion that the plaintiffs showed a reasonable likelihood of success concerning their claim that Alabama's redistricting map violated Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act.</b><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></sup> </p> <h4><span id="Gill_v._Whitford_.282018.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Gill_v._Whitford_(2018)"><i>Gill v. Whitford</i> (2018)</span></h4> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Gill_v._Whitford" title="Gill v. Whitford">Gill v. Whitford</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In <i><a href="/Gill_v._Whitford" title="Gill v. Whitford">Gill v. Whitford</a></i>, decided on June 18, 2018, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the plaintiffs—12 Wisconsin Democrats who alleged that Wisconsin's state legislative district plan had been subject to an unconstitutional gerrymander in violation of the First and Fourteenth Amendments—had failed to demonstrate standing under Article III of the United States Constitution to bring a complaint. The court's opinion, penned by Chief Justice <a href="/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a>, did not address the broader question of whether partisan gerrymandering claims are justiciable and remanded the case to the district court for further proceedings. Roberts was joined in the majority opinion by Associate Justices <a href="/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Anthony Kennedy</a>, <a href="/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a>, <a href="/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Stephen Breyer</a>, <a href="/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Samuel Alito</a>, <a href="/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a>, and <a href="/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Elena Kagan</a>. Kagan penned a concurring opinion joined by Ginsburg, Breyer, and Sotomayor. Associate Justice <a href="/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a> penned an opinion that concurred in part with the majority opinion and in the judgment, joined by Associate Justice <a href="/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Neil Gorsuch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gillopinion_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gillopinion-84">[84]</a></sup> </p> <h4><span id="Cooper_v._Harris_.282017.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Cooper_v._Harris_(2017)"><i>Cooper v. Harris</i> (2017)</span></h4> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Cooper_v._Harris" title="Cooper v. Harris">Cooper v. Harris</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In <i><a href="/Cooper_v._Harris" title="Cooper v. Harris">Cooper v. Harris</a></i>, decided on May 22, 2017, the <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> affirmed the judgment of the <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina">United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina</a>, finding that two of North Carolina's congressional districts, the boundaries of which had been set following the 2010 United States Census, had been subject to an illegal racial gerrymander in violation of Section 2 of the <a href="/Voting_Rights_Act" title="Voting Rights Act">Voting Rights Act</a>. Justice <a href="/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Elena Kagan</a> delivered the court's majority opinion, which was joined by Justices <a href="/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a>, <a href="/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a>, <a href="/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Stephen Breyer</a>, and <a href="/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a> (Thomas also filed a separate concurring opinion). In the court's majority opinion, Kagan described the two-part analysis utilized by the high court when plaintiffs allege racial gerrymandering as follows: "First, the plaintiff must prove that 'race was the predominant factor motivating the legislature's decision to place a significant number of voters within or without a particular district.' ... Second, if racial considerations predominated over others, the design of the district must withstand strict scrutiny. The burden shifts to the State to prove that its race-based sorting of voters serves a 'compelling interest' and is 'narrowly tailored' to that end." In regard to the first part of the aforementioned analysis, Kagan went on to note that "a plaintiff succeeds at this stage even if the evidence reveals that a legislature elevated race to the predominant criterion in order to advance other goals, including political ones." Justice <a href="/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Samuel Alito</a> delivered an opinion that concurred in part and dissented in part with the majority opinion. This opinion was joined by Chief Justice <a href="/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a> and Justice <a href="/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Anthony Kennedy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cooperharris_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cooperharris-87">[87]</a></sup> </p> <h4><span id="Evenwel_v._Abbott_.282016.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Evenwel_v._Abbott_(2016)"><i>Evenwel v. Abbott</i> (2016)</span></h4> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Evenwel_v._Abbott" title="Evenwel v. Abbott">Evenwel v. Abbott</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i><a href="/Evenwel_v._Abbott" title="Evenwel v. Abbott">Evenwel v. Abbott</a></i> was a case decided by the <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> in 2016. At issue was the constitutionality of <a href="/Texas_State_Legislature" title="Texas State Legislature">state legislative districts</a> in <a href="/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>. The plaintiffs, Sue Evenwel and Edward Pfenninger, argued that district populations ought to take into account only the number of registered or eligible voters residing within those districts as opposed to total population counts, which are generally used for redistricting purposes. Total population tallies include non-voting residents, such as immigrants residing in the country without legal permission, prisoners, and children. The plaintiffs alleged that this tabulation method dilutes the voting power of citizens residing in districts that are home to smaller concentrations of non-voting residents. The court ruled 8-0 on April 4, 2016, that a state or locality can use total population counts for redistricting purposes. The majority opinion was penned by Justice <a href="/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wapost_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wapost-88">[88]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-89">[89]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-scotusblog_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scotusblog-90">[90]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ap_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap-91">[91]</a></sup> </p> <h4><span id="Harris_v._Arizona_Independent_Redistricting_Commission_.282016.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Harris_v._Arizona_Independent_Redistricting_Commission_(2016)"><i>Harris v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission</i> (2016)</span></h4> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/File:Stephen_Breyer,_SCOTUS_photo_portrait.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Stephen_Breyer%2C_SCOTUS_photo_portrait.jpg/200px-Stephen_Breyer%2C_SCOTUS_photo_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Stephen_Breyer%2C_SCOTUS_photo_portrait.jpg/300px-Stephen_Breyer%2C_SCOTUS_photo_portrait.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Stephen_Breyer%2C_SCOTUS_photo_portrait.jpg/400px-Stephen_Breyer%2C_SCOTUS_photo_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/File:Stephen_Breyer,_SCOTUS_photo_portrait.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Justice <a href="/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Stephen Breyer</a> penned the majority opinion in <i>Harris v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission</i>.</div></div></div> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Harris_v._Arizona_Independent_Redistricting_Commission" title="Harris v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission">Harris v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i><a href="/Harris_v._Arizona_Independent_Redistricting_Commission" title="Harris v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission">Harris v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission</a></i> was a case decided by the <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> in 2016. At issue was the constitutionality of state legislative districts that were created by the commission in 2012. The plaintiffs, a group of <a href="/Republican" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican">Republican</a> voters, alleged that "the commission diluted or inflated the votes of almost two million Arizona citizens when the commission intentionally and systematically overpopulated 16 Republican districts while under-populating 11 Democrat districts." This, the plaintiffs argued, constituted a partisan gerrymander. The plaintiffs claimed that the commission placed a disproportionately large number of non-minority voters in districts dominated by Republicans; meanwhile, the commission allegedly placed many minority voters in smaller districts that tended to vote Democratic. As a result, the plaintiffs argued, more voters overall were placed in districts favoring Republicans than in those favoring Democrats, thereby diluting the votes of citizens in the Republican-dominated districts. The defendants countered that the population deviations resulted from legally defensible efforts to comply with the <a href="/Voting_Rights_Act" title="Voting Rights Act">Voting Rights Act</a> and obtain approval from the <a href="/United_States_Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a>. At the time of redistricting, certain states were required to obtain <span class="simple-tooltip simple-tooltip-inline" data-simple-tooltip="<p>A jurisdiction subject to preclearance needed to get approval from the U.S. Department of Justice before changing election laws or district maps. </p>">preclearance</span> from the U.S. Department of Justice before adopting redistricting plans or making other changes to their election laws—a requirement struck down by the United States Supreme Court in <i><a href="/Shelby_County_v._Holder" title="Shelby County v. Holder">Shelby County v. Holder</a></i> (2013). On April 20, 2016, the court ruled unanimously that the plaintiffs had failed to prove that a partisan gerrymander had taken place. Instead, the court found that the commission had acted in good faith to comply with the Voting Rights Act. The court's majority opinion was penned by Justice <a href="/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Stephen Breyer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-scotusblogcommentary_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scotusblogcommentary-92">[92]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brief_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brief-93">[93]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-opinionharris_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opinionharris-94">[94]</a></sup> </p> <h4><span id="Arizona_State_Legislature_v._Arizona_Independent_Redistricting_Commission_.282015.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Arizona_State_Legislature_v._Arizona_Independent_Redistricting_Commission_(2015)"><i>Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission</i> (2015)</span></h4> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Arizona_State_Legislature_v._Arizona_Independent_Redistricting_Commission" title="Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission">Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <i><a href="/Arizona_State_Legislature_v._Arizona_Independent_Redistricting_Commission" title="Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission">Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission</a></i> was a case decided by the <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> in 2015. At issue was the constitutionality of the Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission, which was established by <a href="/Arizona_Creation_of_a_Redistricting_Commission,_Proposition_106_(2000)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arizona Creation of a Redistricting Commission, Proposition 106 (2000)">state constitutional amendment</a> in 2000. According to Article I, Section 4 of the <a href="/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>, "the Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof." The state legislature argued that the use of the word "legislature" in this context is literal; therefore, only a state legislature may draw congressional district lines. Meanwhile, the commission contended that the word "legislature" ought to be interpreted to mean "the legislative powers of the state," including voter initiatives and referenda. On June 29, 2015, the court ruled 5-4 in favor of the Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission, finding that "redistricting is a legislative function, to be performed in accordance with the state's prescriptions for lawmaking, which may include the referendum and the governor's veto." The majority opinion was penned by Justice <a href="/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a> and joined by Justices <a href="/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Anthony Kennedy</a>, <a href="/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Stephen Breyer</a>, <a href="/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Elena Kagan</a>, and <a href="/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a>. Chief Justice John Roberts and Justices <a href="/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a>, <a href="/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a>, and <a href="/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Samuel Alito</a> dissented.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes2_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes2-95">[95]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-atlanticseptember_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlanticseptember-96">[96]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-opinionarizona_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opinionarizona-97">[97]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimesupheld_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimesupheld-98">[98]</a></sup></div></div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Trifectas_and_redistricting">Trifectas and redistricting</span></h3> <p>In 34 of the states that conducted legislative elections in 2020, the legislatures themselves played a significant part in the subsequent redistricting process. The winner of eight of 2020's gubernatorial elections had veto authority over state legislative or congressional district plans approved by legislatures. The party that won <a href="/Trifecta" class="mw-redirect" title="Trifecta">trifecta</a> control of a state in which redistricting authority rests with the legislature directed the process that produces the maps that will be used for the remainder of the decade. Trifecta shifts in the 2010 election cycle illustrate this point. In 2010, 12 states in which legislatures had authority over redistricting saw shifts in trifecta status. Prior to the 2010 elections, seven of these states were Democratic trifectas; the rest were divided governments. After the 2010 elections, seven of these states became Republican trifectas; the remainder either remained or became divided governments. The table below details these shifts and charts trifecta status heading into the 2020 election cycle. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" align="center" style="background-color:#bd1d27; color: white;">The 12 legislature-redistricting states that saw trifecta shifts in 2010 – subsequent trifecta status </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;">State </th> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Primary redistricting authority </th> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Pre-2010 trifecta status </th> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Post-2010 trifecta status </th> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Post-2018 trifecta status </th></tr> <tr> <td>Alabama</td> <td>Legislature</td> <td>Divided</td> <td>Republican</td> <td>Republican </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colorado</td> <td>Congressional maps: legislature<br />State legislative maps: politician commission</td> <td>Democratic</td> <td>Divided</td> <td>Democratic </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indiana</td> <td>Legislature</td> <td>Divided</td> <td>Republican</td> <td>Republican </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iowa</td> <td>Legislature</td> <td>Democratic</td> <td>Divided</td> <td>Republican </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td>Legislature</td> <td>Democratic</td> <td>Republican</td> <td>Democratic </td></tr> <tr> <td>Michigan</td> <td>Legislature</td> <td>Divided</td> <td>Republican</td> <td>Divided </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Hampshire</td> <td>Legislature</td> <td>Democratic</td> <td>Divided</td> <td>Divided </td></tr> <tr> <td>North Carolina</td> <td>Legislature</td> <td>Democratic</td> <td>Divided</td> <td>Divided </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ohio</td> <td>Congressional maps: legislature<br />State legislative maps: politician commission</td> <td>Divided</td> <td>Republican</td> <td>Republican </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oregon</td> <td>Legislature</td> <td>Democratic</td> <td>Divided</td> <td>Democratic </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pennsylvania</td> <td>Congressional maps: legislature<br />State legislative maps: politician commission</td> <td>Divided</td> <td>Republican</td> <td>Divided </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wisconsin</td> <td>Legislature</td> <td>Democratic</td> <td>Republican</td> <td>Divided </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="2010_redistricting_cycle">2010 redistricting cycle</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2010_census" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2010 census">Redistricting in Illinois after the 2010 census</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Following the completion of the 2010 United States Census, Illinois lost one congressional seat. At the time of redistricting, Democrats held majorities in both chambers of the <a href="/Illinois_General_Assembly" title="Illinois General Assembly">state legislature</a>. On May 30, 2011, the <a href="/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">Illinois House of Representatives</a> approved a congressional redistricting plan. The <a href="/Illinois_State_Senate" title="Illinois State Senate">Illinois State Senate</a> approved the plan on May 31, 2011, and Governor <a href="/Pat_Quinn" title="Pat Quinn">Pat Quinn</a> (<a href="/Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Democrat">D</a>) signed it into law on June 24, 2011. Legal suits were filed challenging the new congressional district map, but these were all ultimately dismissed.<sup id="cite_ref-illinoisloyola_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-illinoisloyola-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></sup> </p><p>The state legislative redistricting plan was passed by the legislature on May 27, 2011. Quinn signed the map into law on June 3, 2011. As with the congressional map, lawsuits were filed challenging the new state legislative districts. These suits were ultimately dismissed.<sup id="cite_ref-illinoisloyola_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-illinoisloyola-18">[18]</a></sup> </p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"); });</script></div><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois_after_the_2010_census" title="Redistricting in Illinois after the 2010 census">Redistricting in Illinois after the 2010 census</a></li> <li><a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois" title="Redistricting in Illinois">Redistricting in Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/State-by-state_redistricting_procedures" title="State-by-state redistricting procedures">State-by-state redistricting procedures</a></li> <li><a href="/Majority-minority_districts" title="Majority-minority districts">Majority-minority districts</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=Redistricting+in+Illinois+after+the+2020+census">Search Google News for this topic</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://redistricting.lls.edu/index.php">All About Redistricting</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://davesredistricting.org/">Dave's Redistricting</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/redistricting-2022-maps/"><i>FiveThirtyEight</i>, "What Redistricting Looks Like In Every State"</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.ncsl.org/research/redistricting/redistricting-process.aspx"><i>National Conference of State Legislatures</i>, "Redistricting Process"</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fairvote.org/research-and-analysis/redistricting/"><i>FairVote</i>, "Redistricting"</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span></h2> <p> <script type="text/javascript"> if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; </script> </p> <div class="references-small"><div class="mobile-columns" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-congress24-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-congress24_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-congress24_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-congress24_1-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-congress24_1-3">1.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/chicago-legislature-philanthropy-voting-rights-elections-f16c5d5a4abc34c13af39f82d6fa7b5d"><i>The Associated Press</i>, "Gov. Pritzker signs new Illinois congressional map into law," Nov. 24, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/politics/ct-illinois-legislature-congressional-map-20211028-wnmdd45i4nfnxlypkibvrvmini-story.html"><i>Chicago Tribune</i>, "Fourth version of a Democratic-drawn congressional map passed by legislators, heads to Pritzker," Oct. 29, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-septmapexplain-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-septmapexplain_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-septmapexplain_3-1">3.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-septmapexplain_3-2">3.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-septmapexplain_3-3">3.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.capitolnewsillinois.com/NEWS/pritzker-signs-revised-state-legislative-maps"><i>Capitol News Illinois</i>, "Pritzker signs revised state legislative maps," Sept. 24, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.news-journal.com/court-upholds-illinois-legislative-redistricting-plan/article_3da444f4-4005-590a-835b-05520fbf9e8c.html#1"><i>Longview News-Journal</i>, "Court upholds Illinois legislative redistricting plan," Jan. 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-octilcourt-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-octilcourt_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-octilcourt_5-1">5.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-octilcourt_5-2">5.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-octilcourt_5-3">5.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ilnd.404363/gov.uscourts.ilnd.404363.131.0.pdf"><i>Court Listenener</i>, "Memorandum Opinion and Order," Oct. 19, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/politics/ct-illinois-legislature-congressional-map-20211028-wnmdd45i4nfnxlypkibvrvmini-story.html"><i>Chicago Tribune</i>, "Fourth version of a Democratic-drawn congressional map passed by legislators, heads to Pritzker," Oct. 29, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apfinal29-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-apfinal29_7-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-apfinal29_7-1">7.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-apfinal29_7-2">7.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-apfinal29_7-3">7.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-apfinal29_7-4">7.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-apfinal29_7-5">7.5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/elections-race-and-ethnicity-philanthropy-barack-obama-state-governments-7ac63c487406b020e050b3c6862b24b1"><i>Associated Press</i>, "Illinois Dems embrace gerrymandering in fight for US House," Oct. 29, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wbez.org/stories/new-illinois-congressional-map-passed/8c54faaf-017a-4420-813e-96200c85b2b6"><i>WBEZ</i>, "Illinois Democrats’ new congressional map expands their power, but snubs one of their own," Oct. 29, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ctcongmap29-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ctcongmap29_9-0">9.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ctcongmap29_9-1">9.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ctcongmap29_9-2">9.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ctcongmap29_9-3">9.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ctcongmap29_9-4">9.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/politics/ct-illinois-legislature-congressional-map-20211028-wnmdd45i4nfnxlypkibvrvmini-story.html"><i>Chicago Tribune</i>, "Fourth version of a Democratic-drawn congressional map passed by legislators, heads to Pritzker," Oct. 29, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Political predecessor districts are determined primarily based on incumbents and where each chose to seek re-election.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1IfZ8OVWXVpdAvxZtTaDIA2HEN6DtN-H0I0J2KcdxRi4/edit#gid=1871835782"><i>Daily Kos Elections</i>, "Daily Kos Elections 2020 presidential results by congressional district (old CDs vs. new CDs)," accessed May 12, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.news-journal.com/court-upholds-illinois-legislative-redistricting-plan/article_3da444f4-4005-590a-835b-05520fbf9e8c.html#1"><i>Longview News-Journal</i>, "Court upholds Illinois legislative redistricting plan," Jan. 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suntime24-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-suntime24_13-0">13.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-suntime24_13-1">13.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.illinois.gov/news/press-release.23924.html"><i>Illinois.gov</i>, "Gov. Pritzker Signs Revised Legislative Maps that Preserve Minority Representation and Reflect Illinois' Diversity," Sept. 24, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www2.illinois.gov/Pages/news-item.aspx?ReleaseID=23397"><i>Illinois News</i>, "Gov. Pritzker Signs Redistricting Maps that Preserve Minority Representation and Reflect Illinois' Diversity," accessed June 9, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/politics/ct-pritzker-signs-illinois-legislative-redistricting-maps-20210604-hyohgbgxgjbnddheirxuhx7u5m-story.html"><i>Chicago Tribune</i>, "Gov. J.B. Pritzker signs into law new maps for Illinois legislature, state Supreme Court," accessed June 9, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ILFBRResponse-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ILFBRResponse_16-0">16.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ILFBRResponse_16-1">16.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://fb.watch/60FApSBueE/"><i>Illinois House Republicans</i>, "Republicans respond to Pritzker’s signing of partisan-drawn maps," accessed June 9, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.dailyherald.com/news/20211208/illinois-supreme-court-lifts-hold-on-judicial-redistricting"><i>Daily Herald</i>, "Illinois Supreme Court lifts hold on judicial redistricting," Dec. 8, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-illinoisloyola-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-illinoisloyola_18-0">18.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-illinoisloyola_18-1">18.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-illinoisloyola_18-2">18.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-illinoisloyola_18-3">18.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-illinoisloyola_18-4">18.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-illinoisloyola_18-5">18.5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://redistricting.lls.edu/states-IL.php#institution"><i>All About Redistricting</i>, "Illinois," accessed April 16, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-loytime-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-loytime_19-0">19.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-loytime_19-1">19.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://redistricting.lls.edu/state/illinois/?cycle=2020&level=Congress&startdate=2021-11-23"><i>All About Redistricting</i>, "Illinois," accessed Nov. 24, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.ilsenateredistricting.com/resources/the-committee"><i>Illinois Senate Redistricting Committee</i>, "Illinois Senate Redistricting Committee Members," accessed May 25, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.ilga.gov/house/committees/members.asp?CommitteeID=2800&GA=102"><i>Illinois General Assembly</i>, "Redistricting Committee - Members," accessed May 25, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wbez.org/stories/new-illinois-congressional-map-passed/8c54faaf-017a-4420-813e-96200c85b2b6"><i>WBEZ</i>, "Illinois Democrats’ new congressional map expands their power, but snubs one of their own," Oct. 29, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quotedisclaimer-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_23-0">23.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_23-1">23.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_23-2">23.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_23-3">23.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_23-4">23.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=18j4EB5AkMO5MoVqBUAOujG0MuzdwgM2D&ll=39.79510521942547%2C-89.50414500000001&z=6"><i>Google Maps</i>, "Congressional Draft 3 10.27.2021," Oct. 27, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.stamfordadvocate.com/news/article/Illinois-Democrats-unveil-updated-congressional-16558810.php"><i>Stamford Advocate</i>, "Illinois Democrats unveil updated congressional maps," Oct. 24, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apsecond-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-apsecond_26-0">26.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-apsecond_26-1">26.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-apsecond_26-2">26.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-apsecond_26-3">26.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/elections-chicago-state-governments-illinois-springfield-fb480ea3c0ca78b9700e8af6d32e7321"><i>Associated Press</i>, "Illinois Democrats unveil updated congressional maps," Oct. 24, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.capitolnewsillinois.com/NEWS/updated-new-congressional-maps-unveiled-ahead-of-fall-veto-session"><i>Capitol News Illinois</i>, "UPDATED: New congressional maps unveiled ahead of fall veto session," Oct. 15, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/politics/ct-congressional-maps-illinois-20211015-25vij253zfgvpdwlmop6asakqq-story.html"><i>The Chicago Tribune</i>, "New congressional maps from Illinois Democrats seek to extend House majority, putting Adam Kinzinger in a left-leaning district with Marie Newman," Oct. 15, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbschicago-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cbschicago_29-0">29.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cbschicago_29-1">29.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cbschicago_29-2">29.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cbschicago_29-3">29.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2021/05/22/illinois-redistricting-democrats-release-proposed-maps-general-assembly-districts-house-senate/"><i>CBS Chicago</i>, "Illinois Democrats Release Proposed Maps For General Assembly’s House, Senate Districts; Republicans Slam Maps As ‘Effort To Block Fair Elections," May 22, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abcILmaps2.0-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-abcILmaps2.0_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>abcILmaps2.0</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-pritzsept-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pritzsept_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://chicago.suntimes.com/politics/2021/9/24/22692319/pritzker-signs-legislative-maps-illinois-remap-democrats-voting-rights-republicans"><i>Chicago Sun-Times</i>, "Pritzker signs new state legislative maps to ‘reflect diversity,’ but rivals say they ‘steal representation’ from people of color," Sept. 24, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbcILmaps2.0-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nbcILmaps2.0_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/chicago-politics/illinois-democrats-ok-new-legislative-maps-over-criticism/2603178/"><i>nbc 5 Chicago</i>, "Illinois Democrats OK New Legislative Maps Over Criticism," accessed September 1, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cst-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cst_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://chicago.suntimes.com/2021/8/31/22651484/remap-redistricting-democrats-republicans-legislative-maps-census-boundaries-session-springfield"><i>Chicago Sun Times</i>, "Remap remake? Illinois Democrats OK new legislative boundaries, Republicans cry ‘sham’," accessed September 14, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/votehistory/102/house/10200HR0443_08312021_003000.pdf"><i>Illinois 102nd General Assembly: First Special Session</i>, "House Resolution 443," accessed September 1, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/votehistory/102/senate/10201SR0003_08312021_004000D.pdf"><i>Illinois 102nd General Assembly: First Special Session</i>, "Senate Resolution No. 3," accessed September 1, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.billtrack50.com/billdetail/1320367/22188"><i>BillTrack50</i>, "IL HB2777," accessed June 2, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tribunecourtmap-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tribunecourtmap_37-0">37.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tribunecourtmap_37-1">37.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tribunecourtmap_37-2">37.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/politics/ct-illinois-supreme-court-redistricting-20210525-5bdeyxbx3ffs7j3bllrkzuku7a-story.html"><i>The Chicago Tribune</i>, "Democrats want to redraw Illinois Supreme Court districts for first time in almost 60 years in effort to maintain majority," May 25, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://chicago.suntimes.com/2021/5/25/22453487/democrats-redistricting-remap-new-boundaries-state-supreme-court-districts-kilbride"><i>Chicago Sun-Times</i>, "Dems draw new maps for 'equal representation' on state’s top court — but draw GOP’s ire for 'political gamesmanship,'" May 25, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.billtrack50.com/billdetail/1328492/22188"><i>BillTrack50</i>, "IL SB0642," accessed June 2, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/reference/apportionment/"><i>United States Census Bureau</i>, "Apportionment," accessed July 11, 2018</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/2020-census-apportionment-results.html"><i>United States Census Bureau</i>, "2020 Census Apportionment Results Delivered to the President," April 26, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/program-management/planning-docs/2020-oper-plan-exe-sum.pdf"><i>United States Census Bureau</i>, "2020 Census Operational Plan: Executive Summary," December 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/statement-redistricting-data-timeline.html"><i>United States Census Bureau</i>, "Census Bureau Statement on Redistricting Data Timeline," February 12, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yoststatement-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-yoststatement_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.ohioattorneygeneral.gov/Media/News-Releases/May-2021/AG-Yost-Secures-Victory-for-Ohioans-in-Settlement"><i>Office of the Attorney General of Ohio</i>, "AG Yost Secures Victory for Ohioans in Settlement with Census Bureau Data Lawsuit," May 25, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-march15statement-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-march15statement_45-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/statement-legacy-format-redistricting.html"><i>U.S. Census Bureau</i>, "U.S. Census Bureau Statement on Release of Legacy Format Summary Redistricting Data File," March 15, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/about/rdo/summary-files.html?linkId=100000060649449"><i>U.S. Census Bureau</i>, "Decennial Census P.L. 94-171 Redistricting Data," accessed August 12, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/2020-census-redistricting-data-easier-to-use-format.html"><i>United States Census Bureau</i>, "Census Bureau Delivers 2020 Census Redistricting Data in Easier-to-Use Format," September 16, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.democracydocket.com/news-alerts/illinois-republicans-sue-over-legislative-map-claiming-it-favors-democrats/"><i>Democracy Docket</i>, "Illinois Republicans Sue Over Legislative Map, Claiming it Favors Democrats," January 29, 2025</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iaafer-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iaafer_49-0">49.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iaafer_49-1">49.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-01-28-Complaint.pdf"><i>In the Supreme Court of Illinois</i>, "McCombie v. Illinois State Board of Elections," January 28, 2025</a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "iaafer" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/illinois-playbook/2021/10/20/court-puts-illinois-legislative-map-on-hold-494781"><i>Politico</i>, "Court puts Illinois legislative map on hold," Oct. 20, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.news-journal.com/court-upholds-illinois-legislative-redistricting-plan/article_3da444f4-4005-590a-835b-05520fbf9e8c.html#1"><i>Longview News-Journal</i>, "Court upholds Illinois legislative redistricting plan," Jan. 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ILRepublicansFiling-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ILRepublicansFiling_52-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://wgem.com/2021/06/09/illinois-republicans-file-lawsuit-against-new-redistricting-maps/"><i>WGEM</i>, "Illinois Republicans file lawsuit against new redistricting maps," accessed June 9, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MALDEFFiling-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MALDEFFiling_53-0">53.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MALDEFFiling_53-1">53.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MALDEFFiling_53-2">53.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MALDEFFiling_53-3">53.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MALDEFFiling_53-4">53.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.maldef.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Illinois-2021_06_10-FINAL_FILED.pdf"><i>United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division</i>, "Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund v. Illinois State Board of Elections," accessed June 15, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The MALDEF filing was on behalf of five registered voters: Contreras, Fuentes, Martinez, Padilla, and Torres. Martinez later left the lawsuit.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3Judge-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-3Judge_55-0">55.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-3Judge_55-1">55.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.dailyherald.com/news/20210714/federal-3-judge-panel-to-decide-whether-state-redistricting-plan-is-constitutional"><i>Daily Herald</i>, "Federal 3-judge panel to decide whether state redistricting plan is constitutional," accessed July 15, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISJDismiss-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ISJDismiss_56-0">56.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ISJDismiss_56-1">56.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.sj-r.com/story/news/politics/elections/2021/07/21/illinois-democratic-leaders-seek-dismiss-gop-lawsuit-against-redistricting/8041564002/"><i>The State Journal-Register</i>, "Illinois Democratic legislative leaders file motion to dismiss GOP redistricting lawsuit," accessed July 22, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-redrawn-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-redrawn_57-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.news-gazette.com/news/local/politics/latino-rights-group-says-illinois-redrawn-legislative-maps-still-unfair/article_6e7f0687-6fea-59de-bf04-6c67f39d0fbc.html"><i>The News Gazette</i>, "Latino-rights group says Illinois' redrawn legislative maps still unfair," accessed September 2, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChicagoILRepsSue-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ChicagoILRepsSue_58-0">58.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ChicagoILRepsSue_58-1">58.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ChicagoILRepsSue_58-2">58.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/politics/ct-illinois-legislative-maps-lawsuit-20210609-w6tbn2vb5jap7ipf2djpksfoxa-story.html"><i>Chicago Tribune</i>, "Illinois Republicans sue in federal court to try to overturn Democratic-drawn legislative maps," accessed June 9, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Durkin&McConchieFiling-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Durkin&McConchieFiling_59-0">59.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Durkin&McConchieFiling_59-1">59.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://quincy-network.s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/37/2021/06/GOP-lawsuit.pdf"><i>United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois</i>, "Durkin and McConchie v. Illinois State Board of Elections," accessed June 9, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oct1amend-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-oct1amend_60-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.capitolnewsillinois.com/NEWS/plaintiffs-new-legislative-maps-dilute-latino-vote"><i>Capitol News Illinois</i>, "Plaintiffs: New legislative maps dilute Latino vote," Oct. 6, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-naacp1-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-naacp1_61-0">61.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-naacp1_61-1">61.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.lawyerscommittee.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001.East-St.-Louis-NAACP-v.-ISBE-et-al.Complaint.10.15.2021.pdf"><i>LawyersCommittee.org</i>, "Complaint for Injunctive and Declaratory Relief," Oct. 15, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oct20move-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-oct20move_62-0">62.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-oct20move_62-1">62.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.pacermonitor.com/case/42291196/United_Congress_of_Community_and_Religious_Organizations_et_al_v_Illinois_State_Board_of_Elections_et_al"><i>Pacer Monitor</i>, "United Congress of Community and Religious Organizations et al v. Illinois State Board of Elections et al," Oct. 20, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/521008815/Request-for-summary-judgment-to-invalidate-Illinois-state-legislative-district-map#from_embed"><i>United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division</i>, "Case No. 1:21-cv-03091: Motion for Summary Judgment," accessed August 24, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MALDEFAmended-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MALDEFAmended_64-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.capitolnewsillinois.com/NEWS/maldef-amends-redistricting-complaint"><i>Capitol News Illinois</i>, "MALDEF amends redistricting complaint," accessed August 3, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.gmtoday.com/news/illinois/another-group-challenges-illinois-legislative-maps/article_aaf040fa-2c28-11ec-8eca-834ed06b7efa.html"><i>gmtoday.com</i>, "Another group challenges Illinois’ legislative maps," Oct. 13, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/1/essays/19/election-regulations"><i>The Heritage Guide to the Constitution</i>, "Election Regulations," accessed April 13, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.brookings.edu/research/interviews/2011/03/22-redistricting-mann"><i>Brookings</i>, "Redistricting and the United States Constitution," March 22, 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brennan_report-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-brennan_report_68-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/legacy/CGR%20Reprint%20Single%20Page.pdf"><i>Brennan Center for Justice</i>, "A Citizen's Guide to Redistricting," accessed March 25, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDOC-110hdoc50/pdf/CDOC-110hdoc50.pdf"><i>The Constitution of the United States of America</i>, "Article 1, Section 2," accessed March 25, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-where-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-where_70-0">70.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-where_70-1">70.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-where_70-2">70.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-where_70-3">70.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-where_70-4">70.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-where_70-5">70.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-where_70-6">70.6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://redistricting.lls.edu/where.php"><i>All About Redistricting</i>, "Where are the lines drawn?" accessed April 9, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fairvotedefinitions-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fairvotedefinitions_71-0">71.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fairvotedefinitions_71-1">71.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fairvotedefinitions_71-2">71.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fairvotedefinitions_71-3">71.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fairvote.org/research-and-analysis/redistricting/redistricting-glossary/"><i>FairVote</i>, "Redistricting Glossary," accessed April 9, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://redistricting.lls.edu/who.php"><i>All About Redistricting</i>, "Who draws the lines?" accessed June 19, 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-matter-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-matter_73-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://redistricting.lls.edu/why.php"><i>All About Redistricting</i>, "Why does it matter?" accessed April 8, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brittanica-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-brittanica_74-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/231865/gerrymandering"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, "Gerrymandering," November 4, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crsreport-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-crsreport_75-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42482.pdf"><i>Congressional Research Service</i>, "Congressional Redistricting and the Voting Rights Act: A Legal Overview," April 13, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/supreme-court-to-consider-limits-on-partisan-drawing-of-election-maps-1497881169"><i>The Wall Street Journal</i>, "Supreme Court to Consider Limits on Partisan Drawing of Election Maps," June 19, 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/supreme-court-to-hear-potentially-landmark-case-on-partisan-gerrymandering/2017/06/19/d525237e-5435-11e7-b38e-35fd8e0c288f_story.html"><i>The Washington Post</i>, "Supreme Court to hear potentially landmark case on partisan gerrymandering," June 19, 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3judgeorder-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3judgeorder_78-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://vhdshf2oms2wcnsvk7sdv3so.blob.core.windows.net/thearp-media/documents/Findings_of_Fact_and_Conclusions_of_Law_1.6.23.pdf"><i>United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, Columbia Division</i>, "South Carolina State Conference of the NAACP, et al. v. Alexander," January 6, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/22/22-807/255411/20230223140724315_Alexander%20v.%20S.C.%20State%20Conference%20of%20the%20NAACP%20-%20Jurisdictional%20Statement.pdf"><i>Supreme Court of the United States</i>, "Alexander, et al. v. The South Carolina State Conference of the NAACP, et al.," February 17, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/alexander-v-south-carolina-state-conference-of-the-naacp/"><i>SCOTUSblog</i>, "Alexander v. South Carolina State Conference of the NAACP," accessed July 21, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sbart-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-sbart_81-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.scotusblog.com/2022/06/justices-will-hear-case-that-tests-power-of-state-legislatures-to-set-rules-for-federal-elections/"><i>SCOTUSblog</i>, "Justices will hear case that tests power of state legislatures to set rules for federal elections," June 30, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/21-1271_3f14.pdf"><i>U.S. Supreme Court</i>, “Moore, in his Official Capacity as Speaker of The North Carolina House of Representatives, et al. v. Harper et al.," "Certiorari to the Supreme Court of North Carolina,” accessed June 16, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.scotusblog.com/2023/06/supreme-court-upholds-section-2-of-voting-rights-act/"><i>SCOTUSblog.org</i>, "Supreme Court upholds Section 2 of Voting Rights Act," June 8, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gillopinion-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gillopinion_84-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/16-1161_dc8f.pdf"><i>Supreme Court of the United States</i>, "Gill v. Whitford: Decision," June 18, 2018</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://electionlawblog.org/?p=83858&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+electionlawblog%2FuqCP+%28Election+Law%29"><i>Election Law Blog</i>, "Breaking: SCOTUS to Hear NC Racial Gerrymandering Case," accessed June 27, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://ballot-access.org/2016/06/27/u-s-supreme-court-accepts-another-racial-gerrymandering-case-2/"><i>Ballot Access News</i>, "U.S. Supreme Court Accepts Another Racial Gerrymandering Case," accessed June 28, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cooperharris-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cooperharris_87-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/16pdf/15-1262_db8e.pdf"><i>Supreme Court of the United States</i>, "Cooper v. Harris: Decision," May 22, 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wapost-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wapost_88-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/supreme-court-to-hear-texas-redistricting-case/2015/05/26/ab0c9c80-03b4-11e5-8bda-c7b4e9a8f7ac_story.html"><i>The Washington Post</i>, "Supreme Court to hear challenge to Texas redistricting plan," May 26, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_89-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/27/us/supreme-court-to-weigh-meaning-of-one-person-one-vote.html?_r=0"><i>The New York Times</i>, "Supreme Court Agrees to Settle Meaning of ‘One Person One Vote,'" May 26, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scotusblog-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-scotusblog_90-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/evenwel-v-abbott/"><i>SCOTUSblog</i>, "Evenwel v. Abbott," accessed May 27, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ap-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ap_91-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/41a853cfcc5a4a2bb0acb0f35deb76db/supreme-court-hear-texas-senate-districts-case"><i>Associated Press</i>, "Supreme Court to hear Texas Senate districts case," May 26, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scotusblogcommentary-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-scotusblogcommentary_92-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.scotusblog.com/2015/07/the-new-look-at-one-person-one-vote-made-simple/"><i>SCOTUSblog</i>, "The new look at 'one person, one vote,' made simple," July 27, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brief-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-brief_93-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/supreme_court_preview/briefs_2015_2016/14-232_appellant.authcheckdam.pdf"><i>Supreme Court of the United States</i>, "Harris v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission: Brief for Appellants," accessed December 14, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-opinionharris-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-opinionharris_94-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/15pdf/14-232_ihdj.pdf"><i>Supreme Court of the United States</i>, "Harris v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission," April 20, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes2-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes2_95-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/03/us/politics/justices-show-skepticism-on-independent-redistricting-panel.html?_r=1"><i>The New York Times</i>, "Court Skeptical of Arizona Plan for Less-Partisan Congressional Redistricting," March 2, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlanticseptember-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-atlanticseptember_96-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/09/can-the-voters-take-politics-out-of-redistricting/380150/"><i>The Atlantic</i>, "Will the Supreme Court Let Arizona Fight Gerrymandering?" September 15, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-opinionarizona-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-opinionarizona_97-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/14pdf/13-1314_kjfl.pdf"><i>United States Supreme Court</i>, "Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission: Opinion of the Court," June 29, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimesupheld-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimesupheld_98-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/30/us/supreme-court-upholds-creation-of-arizona-redistricting-commission.html?_r=0"><i>The New York Times</i>, "Supreme Court Upholds Creation of Arizona Redistricting Commission," June 29, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/24/illinois-redistricting-qu_n_884067.html"><i>The Huffington Post</i>, "Illinois Redistricting: Quinn Signs Plan To Add Democratic Seats," June 24, 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/31/illinois-redistricting-de_n_869342.html"><i>The Huffington Post</i>, "Illinois Redistricting: Democrat-Backed Maps Head To Quinn's Desk, Threaten Republican Gains," May 31, 2011</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#0744ac; color: white;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#0744ac; color: white;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:2020_redistricting_HNT" title="Template:2020 redistricting HNT"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#0744ac; color: white;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:2020_redistricting_HNT&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#0744ac; color: white;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><big>Redistricting after the 2020 census</big></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"><b>State-by-state</b></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Redistricting_in_Alabama" title="Redistricting in Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Alaska" title="Redistricting in Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Arizona" title="Redistricting in Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Arkansas" title="Redistricting in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_California" title="Redistricting in California">California</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Colorado" title="Redistricting in Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Connecticut" title="Redistricting in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Delaware" title="Redistricting in Delaware">Delaware</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Florida" title="Redistricting in Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Georgia" title="Redistricting in Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Hawaii" title="Redistricting in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Idaho" title="Redistricting in Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois" title="Redistricting in Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Indiana" title="Redistricting in Indiana">Indiana</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Iowa" title="Redistricting in Iowa">Iowa</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Kansas" title="Redistricting in Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Kentucky" title="Redistricting in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Louisiana" title="Redistricting in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Maine" title="Redistricting in Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Maryland" title="Redistricting in Maryland">Maryland</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Massachusetts" title="Redistricting in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Michigan" title="Redistricting in Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Minnesota" title="Redistricting in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Mississippi" title="Redistricting in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Missouri" title="Redistricting in Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Montana" title="Redistricting in Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Nebraska" title="Redistricting in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Nevada" title="Redistricting in Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_New_Hampshire" title="Redistricting in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_New_Jersey" title="Redistricting in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_New_Mexico" title="Redistricting in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_New_York" title="Redistricting in New York">New York</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_North_Carolina" title="Redistricting in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_North_Dakota" title="Redistricting in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Ohio" title="Redistricting in Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Oklahoma" title="Redistricting in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Oregon" title="Redistricting in Oregon">Oregon</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Pennsylvania" title="Redistricting in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Rhode_Island" title="Redistricting in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_South_Carolina" title="Redistricting in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_South_Dakota" title="Redistricting in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Tennessee" title="Redistricting in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Texas" title="Redistricting in Texas">Texas</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Utah" title="Redistricting in Utah">Utah</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Vermont" title="Redistricting in Vermont">Vermont</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Virginia" title="Redistricting in Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Washington" title="Redistricting in Washington">Washington</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_West_Virginia" title="Redistricting in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Wisconsin" title="Redistricting in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Wyoming" title="Redistricting in Wyoming">Wyoming</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"><b>Overviews</b></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Congressional_apportionment_after_the_2020_census" title="Congressional apportionment after the 2020 census">Congressional apportionment after the 2020 census</a> • <a href="/Congressional_district_maps_implemented_after_the_2020_census" title="Congressional district maps implemented after the 2020 census">Congressional district maps implemented after the 2020 census</a> • <a href="/Partisan_composition_of_redistricting_committees,_2020_cycle" title="Partisan composition of redistricting committees, 2020 cycle">Partisan composition of redistricting committees, 2020 cycle</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_lawsuits_in_the_2020_redistricting_cycle" title="Redistricting lawsuits in the 2020 redistricting cycle">Redistricting lawsuits in the 2020 redistricting cycle</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_and_congressional_redistricting_after_the_2020_census" title="State legislative and congressional redistricting after the 2020 census">State legislative and congressional redistricting after the 2020 census</a> • <a href="/Status_of_redistricting_after_the_2020_census" title="Status of redistricting after the 2020 census">Status of redistricting after the 2020 census</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_district_maps_implemented_after_the_2020_census" title="State legislative district maps implemented after the 2020 census">State legislative district maps implemented after the 2020 census</a> • <a href="/State_redistricting_deadlines_after_the_2020_census" title="State redistricting deadlines after the 2020 census">State redistricting deadlines after the 2020 census</a> • <a href="/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_with_multiple_incumbents,_2022" title="United States House of Representatives elections with multiple incumbents, 2022">United States House of Representatives elections with multiple incumbents, 2022</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_apps_and_software_available_for_the_2020_cycle" title="Redistricting apps and software available for the 2020 cycle">Redistricting apps and software available for the 2020 cycle</a> <hr style="background-color:#A0A0A0;" /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks" style="margin-top:auto; 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