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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Апошнія зьмены</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Новыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Месца, каб пра ўсё даведацца"><span>Дапамога</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Вікіпэдыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-be_x_old.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="вольная энцыкляпэдыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-be_x_old.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BA" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Шукаць у Вікіпэдыі [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Пошук</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Пошук у Вікіпэдыі" aria-label="Пошук у Вікіпэдыі" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Шукаць у Вікіпэдыі [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Спэцыяльныя:Пошук"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Пошук</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Асабістыя прылады"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Выгляд" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Выгляд</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be-x-old.wikipedia.org&uselang=be-tarask" class=""><span>Ахвяраваньні</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мы прапануем вам стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсьці, але гэта не абавязкова" class=""><span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вас запрашаюць увайсьці, хаця гэта і неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсьці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Болей парамэтраў" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя прылады" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя прылады</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Карыстацкае мэню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be-x-old.wikipedia.org&uselang=be-tarask"><span>Ахвяраваньні</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мы прапануем вам стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсьці, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вас запрашаюць увайсьці, хаця гэта і неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсьці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для неаўтарызаваных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" aria-label="Даведайцеся пра рэдагаваньне болей"><span>даведацца болей</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%91%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Сьпіс рэдагаваньняў, зробленых з гэтага IP-адрасу [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Унёсак</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Старонка гутарак пра рэдагаваньні, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адрасу [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Гутаркі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Зьмест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Зьмест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Гісторыя" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гісторыя"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Гісторыя</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гісторыя-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Палітыка" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Палітыка"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Палітыка</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Палітыка-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Пераключыць падразьдзел Палітыка</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Палітыка-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Унутраная_палітыка" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Унутраная_палітыка"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Унутраная палітыка</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Унутраная_палітыка-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Дачыненьні_зь_Беларусьсю" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дачыненьні_зь_Беларусьсю"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Дачыненьні зь Беларусьсю</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Дачыненьні_зь_Беларусьсю-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Геаграфія" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Геаграфія"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Геаграфія</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Геаграфія-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Пераключыць падразьдзел Геаграфія</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Геаграфія-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Адміністрацыйны_падзел" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Адміністрацыйны_падзел"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Адміністрацыйны падзел</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Адміністрацыйны_падзел-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Адміністрацыйная_гісторыя" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Адміністрацыйная_гісторыя"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Адміністрацыйная гісторыя</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Адміністрацыйная_гісторыя-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Эканоміка" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Эканоміка"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Эканоміка</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Эканоміка-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Дэмаграфія" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дэмаграфія"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Дэмаграфія</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Дэмаграфія-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Крыніцы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Крыніцы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Крыніцы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Крыніцы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Зьмест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Схаваць/паказаць зьмест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Схаваць/паказаць зьмест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Туркмэністан</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсьці да артыкула на іншай мове. Выбраць з: 244 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-244" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">244 мовы</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A8nistan" title="Turkmènistan — ачэх" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Turkmènistan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ачэх" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Тыркуменистэн — кабардзінская" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Тыркуменистэн" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="кабардзінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тыркуменыстан — адыгейская" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тыркуменыстан" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="адыгейская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — афрыкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="афрыкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — швайцарская нямецкая" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швайцарская нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%98%E1%8A%92%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95" title="ቱርክመኒስታን — амгарская" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቱርክመኒስታን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — інары-саамская" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="інары-саамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान — ангіцкая" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангіцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcmenistan" title="Turcmenistan — стараангельская" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Turcmenistan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="стараангельская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AC%D1%83%D1%80%D2%9B%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D2%AD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҭурқменисҭан — абхаская" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ҭурқменисҭан" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="абхаская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تركمانستان — арабская" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تركمانستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán — арагонская" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%A1%DC%A2%DC%A3%DC%9B%DC%90%DC%A2" title="ܛܘܪܩܡܢܣܛܐܢ — арамэйская" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܛܘܪܩܡܢܣܛܐܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="арамэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcm%C3%A8nistan" title="Turcmènistan — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Turcmènistan" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তুৰ্কমেনিস্তান — асамская" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তুৰ্কমেনিস্তান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="асамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán — астурыйская" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान — авадгіская" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="авадгіская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuykomenit%C3%A3" title="Tuykomenitã — гуаранская" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tuykomenitã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуаранская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан — аварская" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="аварская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmin_suyu" title="Turkmin suyu — аймарская" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Turkmin suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkm%C9%99nistan" title="Türkmənistan — азэрбайджанская" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türkmənistan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азэрбайджанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تورکمنیستان — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تورکمنیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Turkménistan — балійская" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Turkménistan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="балійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তুর্কমেনিস্তান — бэнгальская" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুর্কমেনিস্তান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бэнгальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Төркмәнстан — башкірская" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төркмәнстан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкірская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменістан — беларуская" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Туркменістан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukmenistan" title="Tukmenistan — бісламская" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Tukmenistan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="бісламская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан — баўгарская" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="баўгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuakmenien" title="Tuakmenien — баварская" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tuakmenien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="баварская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཏུརཀ་མེ་ནི་སྟན། — тыбэцкая" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཏུརཀ་མེ་ནི་སྟན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тыбэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — басьнійская" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="басьнійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — брэтонская" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="брэтонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан — бурацкая" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — каталёнская" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталёнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан — чуваская" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — сэбуанская" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="сэбуанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán — чэская" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чэская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — шонская" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — тумбуцкая" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="тумбуцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — карсыканская" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="карсыканская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrcmenistan" title="Tyrcmenistan — валійская" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tyrcmenistan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — дацкая" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تركمانستان — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تركمانستان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — паўночнасаамская" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="паўночнасаамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — нямецкая" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8C%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%86%DE%AA%DE%89%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ތުރުކުމެނިސްތާން — мальдыўская" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ތުރުކުމެނިސްތާން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="мальдыўская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naashch%CA%BC%C4%85%C4%85%CA%BC_Bidiyog%C3%ADihnii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Naashchʼąąʼ Bidiyogíihnii Bikéyah — наваха" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Naashchʼąąʼ Bidiyogíihnii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="наваха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — ніжнялужыцкая" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="ніжнялужыцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान — Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan — эстонская" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Τουρκμενιστάν — грэцкая" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρκμενιστάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — ангельская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ангельская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркмения — эрзянская" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Туркмения" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán — гішпанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="гішпанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenio" title="Turkmenio — эспэранта" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turkmenio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эспэранта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — баскаўская" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскаўская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — эвеская" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="эвеская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکمنستان — пэрсыдзкая" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترکمنستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="пэрсыдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — фіджыйская гіндзі" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="фіджыйская гіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — фарэрская" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарэрская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Turkménistan — француская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Turkménistan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — заходняя фрыская" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="заходняя фрыская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — фульская" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="фульская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tuircm%C3%A9anast%C3%A1in" title="An Tuircméanastáin — ірляндзкая" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Tuircméanastáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ірляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Turkmenistaan" title="Yn Turkmenistaan — мэнская" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Turkmenistaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan — гагавуская" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="гагавуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcmanast%C3%A0n" title="Turcmanastàn — шатляндзкая гэльская" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Turcmanastàn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шатляндзкая гэльская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán — галіцыйская" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галіцыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — кікуйю" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="кікуйю" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8A%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تۊرکمنستان — Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="تۊرکمنستان" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="તુર્કમેનિસ્તાન — гуджарацкая" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તુર્કમેનિસ્તાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджарацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान — Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="투르크메니스탄 — карэйская" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="투르크메니스탄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="карэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — хауская" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukemenikana" title="Tukemenikana — гавайская" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Tukemenikana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="гавайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Թուրքմենստան — армянская" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուրքմենստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान — гіндзі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="гіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — верхнялужыцкая" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="верхнялужыцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — харвацкая" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="харвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — ідзкая" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ідзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — ілаканская" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ілаканская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তুর্কমেনিস্তান — Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="তুর্কমেনিস্তান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — інданэзійская" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="інданэзійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — інтэрлінгва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="інтэрлінгва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — інтэрлінгвэ" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="інтэрлінгвэ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан — асэтынская" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="асэтынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BArkmenistan" title="Túrkmenistan — ісьляндзкая" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Túrkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ісьляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — італьянская" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="італьянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F" title="טורקמניסטן — іўрыт" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טורקמניסטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="іўрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Turkménistan — яванская" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Turkménistan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkimenistan%C9%A9" title="Turkimenistanɩ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Turkimenistanɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ತುರ್ಕಮೆನಿಸ್ತಾನ್ — канадзкая" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತುರ್ಕಮೆನಿಸ್ತಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="канадзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — пампанганская" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="пампанганская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="თურქმენეთი — грузінская" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურქმენეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Түрікменстан — казаская" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түрікменстан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казаская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Turkmen" title="Pow Turkmen — корнская" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Turkmen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukimenisitani" title="Turukimenisitani — руандыйская" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Turukimenisitani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="руандыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — суахілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан — комі" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="комі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikmenistan" title="Tikmenistan — гаіцянская крэольская" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tikmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаіцянская крэольская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Tirkménistan — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tirkménistan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirkmenistan" title="Tirkmenistan — курдзкая" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tirkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Түркмөнстан — кыргыская" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түркмөнстан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="кыргыская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — ладынская" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ເຕີກເມນິສະຖານ — лаоская" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຕີກເມນິສະຖານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаоская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcomannia" title="Turcomannia — лацінская" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Turcomannia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лацінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C4%81na" title="Turkmenistāna — латыская" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turkmenistāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — люксэмбурская" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксэмбурская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туьркменистан — лезгінская" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Туьркменистан" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="лезгінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C4%97nija" title="Turkmėnija — летувіская" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turkmėnija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="летувіская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — лімбурская" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лімбурская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1ni" title="Turkmenistáni — лінгалійская" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Turkmenistáni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лінгалійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcmenistan" title="Turcmenistan — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Turcmenistan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistuanu" title="Turkmenistuanu — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Turkmenistuanu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmeniszt%C3%A1n" title="Türkmenisztán — вугорская" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Türkmenisztán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="вугорская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — мадурская" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="мадурская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान — майтгіліская" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="майтгіліская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан — македонская" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torkmenist%C3%A0na" title="Torkmenistàna — малягасійская" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Torkmenistàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малягасійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="തുർക്‌മെനിസ്ഥാൻ — малаяламская" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുർക്‌മെനിസ്ഥാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаяламская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — мальтыйская" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="мальтыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukumanat%C4%81nga" title="Tukumanatānga — маарыская" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tukumanatānga" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="маарыская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान — маратгійская" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратгійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="თურქმენეთი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თურქმენეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="توركمينيستان — эгіпецкая арабская" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توركمينيستان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="эгіпецкая арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="تورکمونسون — мазандэранская" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تورکمونسون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандэранская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — малайская" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯇꯔꯛꯃꯦꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ — мейтэйская" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯔꯛꯃꯦꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="мейтэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — мінангкабаўская" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="мінангкабаўская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркмэнистан — макшанская" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Туркмэнистан" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="макшанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан — мангольская" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="мангольская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%81%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="တာ့ခ်မင်နစ္စတန်နိုင်ငံ — бірманская" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တာ့ခ်မင်နစ္စတန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бірманская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — нідэрляндзкая" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान — нэпальская" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="нэпальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तर्कमेनिस्तान — неўарыйская" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неўарыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3" title="トルクメニスタン — японская" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トルクメニスタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Туркмени — чачэнская" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Туркмени" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чачэнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmeenistaan" title="Turkmeenistaan — паўночнафрызская" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Turkmeenistaan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="паўночнафрызская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terkmenistaan" title="Terkmenistaan — Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Terkmenistaan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — нарвэская (букмал)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="нарвэская (букмал)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — нарвэская (нюнашк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нарвэская (нюнашк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcmenistan" title="Turcmenistan — аксытанская" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Turcmenistan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="аксытанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан — Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarkimeenistaan" title="Tarkimeenistaan — аромская" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tarkimeenistaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="аромская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmaniston" title="Turkmaniston — узбэцкая" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turkmaniston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨਿਸਤਾਨ — панджабская" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨਿਸਤਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमिनिस्थान — Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="तुर्कमिनिस्थान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکمانستان — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترکمانستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — пап’ямэнцкая" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="пап’ямэнцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکمنستان — пуштунская" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ترکمنستان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пуштунская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerkmenistan" title="Toerkmenistan — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Toerkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93" title="តួកមេនីស្ថាន — кгмэрская" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តួកមេនីស្ថាន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кгмэрская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Turkménistan — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Turkménistan" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — ніжненямецкая" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ніжненямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Τουρκμενιστάν — Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Τουρκμενιστάν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquemenist%C3%A3o" title="Turquemenistão — партугальская" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turquemenistão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="партугальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BArkmenstan" title="Túrkmenstan — Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Túrkmenstan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan — крымска-татарская" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="крымска-татарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — румынская" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkminsuyu" title="Turkminsuyu — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Turkminsuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменістан — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Туркменістан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан — расейская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="расейская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Түркменистаан — якуцкая" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Түркменистаан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="якуцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — самоанская" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="самоанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="तुर्कमेनिस्थानम् — санскрыт" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्थानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱢᱮᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ — санталійская" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱢᱮᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="санталійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکمانستان — Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ترکمانستان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A0n" title="Turkmenistàn — сардынская" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Turkmenistàn" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — шатляндзкая" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шатляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — тароцкая" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="тароцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistani" title="Turkmenistani — альбанская" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Turkmenistani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="альбанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — сыцылійская" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сыцылійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ටර්ක්මෙනිස්තානය — сынгальская" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ටර්ක්මෙනිස්තානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сынгальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — спрошчаная ангельская" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="спрошчаная ангельская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترڪمانستان — сіндгская" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ترڪمانستان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="сіндгская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IThumekhi" title="IThumekhi — суаційская" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IThumekhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="суаційская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nsko" title="Turkménsko — славацкая" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turkménsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="славацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — славенская" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="славенская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmy%C5%84istan" title="Turkmyńistan — Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Turkmyńistan" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — самалійская" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="самалійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تورکمانستان — цэнтральнакурдзкая" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تورکمانستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="цэнтральнакурдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан — сэрбская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сэрбская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — сэрбскахарвацкая" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сэрбскахарвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Turkménistan — сундзкая" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Turkménistan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="якасны артыкул"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — швэдзкая" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швэдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="துருக்மெனிஸ்தான் — тамільская" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துருக்மெனிஸ்தான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — кабільская" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Төрекмәнстан — татарская" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төрекмәнстан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%99%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းတၢၵ်ႈမႅၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၼ်ႇ — шанская" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းတၢၵ်ႈမႅၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="шанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="తుర్కమేనిస్తాన్ — тэлуская" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తుర్కమేనిస్తాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="тэлуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkomenistaun" title="Turkomenistaun — тэтумская" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Turkomenistaun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="тэтумская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศเติร์กเมนิสถาน — тайская" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเติร์กเมนิสถาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Туркманистон — таджыцкая" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Туркманистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджыцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%ABkimenisitani" title="Tūkimenisitani — танганская" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Tūkimenisitani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="танганская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan — турэцкая" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan — туркмэнская" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркмэнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркмения — удмурцкая" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Туркмения" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="удмурцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%99%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%8A" title="ᨈᨘᨑᨀᨆᨙᨊᨗᨔᨈᨊ — бугіская" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨈᨘᨑᨀᨆᨙᨊᨗᨔᨈᨊ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="бугіская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменістан — украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Туркменістан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکمانستان — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترکمانستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تۈركمەنىستان — уйгурская" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۈركمەنىستان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A8nistan" title="Turkmènistan — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Turkmènistan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — віетнамская" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="віетнамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmen%C3%A4n" title="Turkmenän — валапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Turkmenän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="валапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan — Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%AB%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土庫曼斯坦 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="土庫曼斯坦" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — варайская" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkumenistaan" title="Turkumenistaan — валофская" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Turkumenistaan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="валофская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦 — ву" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="土库曼斯坦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F" title="טורקמעניסטאן — ідыш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טורקמעניסטאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ідыш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%E1%BA%B9%CC%81n%C3%ACst%C3%A1n" title="Turkmẹ́nìstán — ёрубская" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Turkmẹ́nìstán" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ёрубская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%AB%E6%9B%BC" title="土庫曼 — кантонская" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="土庫曼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1rkmen%C4%B1stan" title="Tırkmenıstan — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tırkmenıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerkmenistan" title="Toerkmenistan — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Toerkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torkmien%C4%97stans" title="Torkmienėstans — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Torkmienėstans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦 — кітайская" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土库曼斯坦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кітайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A8nistan" title="Turkmènistan — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Turkmènistan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C9%99nistan" title="Turkmənistan — Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Turkmənistan" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵎⴰⵏⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ — стандартная мараканская тамазіхт" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵎⴰⵏⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="стандартная мараканская тамазіхт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q874#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Рэдагаваць міжмоўныя спасылкі" class="wbc-editpage">Правіць спасылкі</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Прасторы назваў"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Паказаць зьмест старонкі [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Артыкул</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5:%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Абмеркаваньне зьместу старонкі (старонка не існуе) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Абмеркаваньне</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Зьмяніць варыянт мовы" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Рэжымы"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&veaction=edit" title="Рэдагаваць гэтую старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Рэдагаваць</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit" title="Рэдагаваць крынічны тэкст гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=history" title="Мінулыя вэрсіі гэтай старонкі. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Інструмэнты" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Інструмэнты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Інструмэнты</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Болей вопцыяў" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дзеяньні </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&veaction=edit" title="Рэдагаваць гэтую старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Рэдагаваць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit" title="Рэдагаваць крынічны тэкст гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=history"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Агульныя </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сьпіс усіх старонак, якія спасылаюцца на гэтую [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Спасылкі на старонку</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:RecentChangesLinked/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" rel="nofollow" title="Апошнія зьмены ў старонках, на якія спасылаецца гэтая старонка [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Зьвязаныя рэдагаваньні</span></a></li><li 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wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q874" title="Спасылка на аб’ект у рэпазыторыі зьвестак [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Аб’ект Вікізьвестак</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" 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style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f8f9fb; width: 287px; border: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><b>Туркмэністан</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Туркмэнская мова">туркм</a>. <i><span lang="tk">Türkmenistan</span></i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid;"> <table style="background:transparent; color:inherit" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="260"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Сьцяг Туркмэністану"><img alt="Сьцяг Туркмэністану" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/155px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="155" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/233px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/310px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Герб Туркмэністану"><img alt="Герб Туркмэністану" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg/128px-Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg/170px-Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сьцяг Туркмэністану (старонка не існуе)">Сьцяг</a></small> </td> <td><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Герб Туркмэністану (старонка не існуе)">Герб</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; font-size:95%; border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid;"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD" title="Дзяржаўны гімн">Дзяржаўны гімн</a></b>: «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гімн Туркмэністану (старонка не існуе)"><i>Незалежны, нэўтральны Туркмэністан</i></a>» </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#f9f9f9; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:LocationTurkmenistan.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Месцазнаходжаньне Туркмэністану"><img alt="Месцазнаходжаньне Туркмэністану" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/LocationTurkmenistan.png" decoding="async" width="282" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="115" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-left: 7px;" width="45%" valign="top"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Афіцыйная мова">Афіцыйная мова</a></b> </td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-right: 5px;" width="55%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Туркмэнская мова">туркмэнская</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-left: 7px;" valign="top"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Сталіца">Сталіца</a></b> </td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-right: 5px;" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ашгабад">Ашгабад</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-left: 7px;" valign="top"><b>Найбуйнейшы горад</b> </td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-right: 5px;">Ашгабад </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-left: 7px; white-space: nowrap;" valign="top"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Форма дзяржаўнага кіраваньня">Форма кіраваньня</a></b> <div style="text-align: right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Прэзыдэнт Туркмэністану (старонка не існуе)">Прэзыдэнт</a></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-right: 5px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Прызэдынцкая рэспубліка (старонка не існуе)">Прызэдынцкая рэспубліка</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сэрдар Бэрдымухамэдаў (старонка не існуе)">Сэрдар Бэрдымухамэдаў</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-left: 7px;" valign="top"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Плошча">Плошча</a></b><br /> • агульная<br /> • адсотак вады </td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-right: 5px;" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B" title="Сьпіс краінаў паводле плошчы">52 месца ў сьвеце</a><br />488 100 км²<br />4,9 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-left: 7px;"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Насельніцтва">Насельніцтва</a></b><br /> • агульнае (<a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)<br /> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Шчыльнасьць насельніцтва">шчыльнасьць</a> </td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-right: 5px;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Сьпіс краінаў паводле насельніцтва">112 месца ў сьвеце</a><br />5 110 000<br />10,5/км² </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-left: 7px;"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Сукупны ўнутраны прадукт">СУП</a></b><br /> • агульны (<a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)<br /> • на душу насельніцтва </td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-right: 5px;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%A3%D0%9F" title="Сьпіс краінаў паводле СУП">86 месца ў сьвеце</a><br />$30,332 млрд<br />$5756 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-left: 7px;"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валюта">Валюта</a></b> </td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-right: 5px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Туркмэнскі манат (старонка не існуе)">Туркмэнскі манат</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">TMM</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-left: 7px; white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Незалежнасьць">Незалежнасьць</a></b><br />— ад <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="СССР">СССР</a> </td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-right: 5px;"><br />27 кастрычніка 1991 году </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-left: 7px;"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%9E%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8E" title="Дамэн верхняга ўзроўню">Дамэн верхняга ўзроўню</a></b> </td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-right: 5px;" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/.tm" title=".tm">.tm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-left: 7px;"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Сьпіс тэлефонных кодаў краін">Тэлефонны код</a></b> </td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px #c8ccd1 solid; padding-right: 5px;">+993 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 5px;" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Turkmenistan-map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Мапа Туркмэністану"><img alt="Мапа Туркмэністану" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Turkmenistan-map.png/280px-Turkmenistan-map.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Turkmenistan-map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="349" /></a><figcaption>Мапа Туркмэністану</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Туркмэністан</b> (афіц. назоў <i>Рэспубліка Туркмэністан</i>, туркм. Türkmenistan Respublikasy) — дзяржава ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Сярэдняя Азія">Сярэдняй Азіі</a>. Мяжуе з <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Аўганістан">Аўганістанам</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іран">Іранам</a> на поўдні, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан">Казахстанам</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Узбэкістан">Ўзбэкістанам</a> на поўначы, абмываецца <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Касьпійскае мора">Касьпійскім морам</a> на захадзе. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Гісторыя"><span id=".D0.93.D1.96.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.8F"></span>Гісторыя</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Гісторыя»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Гісторыя"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>У 1 тысячагодзьдзі да н. э. на тэрыторыі Туркмэністану існавала дзяржава <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Маргіяна (старонка не існуе)">Маргіяна</a>. У 6—4 стагодзьдзях да н. э. тэрыторыя была пад уладай іранскіх <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ахэмэніды (старонка не існуе)">Ахэмэнідаў</a>, затым <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Аляксандар Македонскі">Аляксандра Македонскага</a>. З 3 стагодзьдзі да н. э. — у складзе <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Парфянскае царства (старонка не існуе)">Парфянскага царства</a>, пазьней у дзяржаве <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сасаніды (старонка не існуе)">Сасанідаў</a>. </p><p>У 5—8 стагодзьдзях падвяргаўся нашэсьцям <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эфталіты (старонка не існуе)">эфталітаў</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Цюркі (старонка не існуе)">цюрак</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Арабы">арабаў</a>. Насельніцтва ўдзельнічала ў антыарабскім паўстаньні Муканы. У 9—10 стагодзьдзях у дзяржавах Тахірыдаў, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Саманіды (старонка не існуе)">Саманідаў</a>. Да 11 стагодзьдзя тэрыторыя Туркмэністану заваяваная <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Агузы (старонка не існуе)">агузамі</a>. У 11—13 стагодзьдзях у <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Сэльджукі">Сэльджуцкай</a> дзяржаве, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Харэзм (старонка не існуе)">Харэзме</a>. У пачатку 13 стагодзьдзя была <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мангольскія заваёвы (старонка не існуе)">заваяваная манголамі</a> і ўвайшла ў склад дзяржавы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%86%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ільханы (старонка не існуе)">Ільханаў</a>. Затым у дзяржаве <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Тымурыды">Тымурыдаў</a>. З 16—17 стагодзьдзяў у <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хівінскае ханства (старонка не існуе)">Хівінскім</a> і <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бухарскае ханства (старонка не існуе)">Бухарскім ханствах</a>. </p><p>У 1869—1885 гадох далучаная да <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Расейская імпэрыя">Расеі</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Закасьпійская вобласьць (старонка не існуе)">Закасьпійская вобласьць</a>). У лістападзе — сьнежні 1917 году ўсталяваная савецкая ўлада. Асноўная частка тэрыторыі ўвайшла ў <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Туркестанская АССР (старонка не існуе)">Туркестанскую АССР</a>. 27 кастрычніка 1924 году ўтвораная <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Туркмэнская ССР">Туркмэнская ССР</a>. </p><p>У кастрычніку 1990 году Вярхоўны Савет Туркмэнскай ССР заснаваў пост прэзыдэнта рэспублікі. У кастрычніку 1991 году прынята Дэклярацыя аб незалежнасьці, зацьверджаны назоў дзяржавы — Рэспубліка Туркмэністан. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Палітыка"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.96.D1.82.D1.8B.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Палітыка</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Палітыка»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Палітыка"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Унутраная_палітыка"><span id=".D0.A3.D0.BD.D1.83.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.8F_.D0.BF.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.96.D1.82.D1.8B.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Унутраная палітыка</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Унутраная палітыка»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&section=3" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Унутраная палітыка"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Да 26 верасьня 2008 году ў Туркмэністане дзейнічала канстытуцыя, прынятая 18 траўня 2002 году, якая ўсталёўвала два заканадаўчыя органы. </p><p>Першы — прызначаемы прэзыдэнтам <i>хальк масляхаты</i> (Народная рада, 2507 чальцоў) — складаўся з прэзыдэнта, дэпутатаў <i>мэджлісу</i>, прадстаўнікоў судовай улады, міністраў, кіраўнікоў органаў рэгіянальнага самакіраваньня (абласьцей — <i>вэляятаў</i> і раёнаў — <i>этрапаў</i>), прадстаўнікоў грамадзкіх арганізацыяў, старэйшынаў. <i>Хальк масляхаты</i> абмяркоўваў пытаньні агульнадзяржаўнай палітыкі (занясеньне зьмен у Канстытуцыю, правядзеньне выбараў і рэфэрэндумаў, зацьвярджэньне праграм разьвіцьця краіны, вызначэньне дзяржаўнай мяжы і адміністрацыйна-тэрытарыяльнага дзяленьня Туркмэністану і г. д.). Сэсіі меліся праводзіцца не радзей аднаго разу на год. Пажыцьцёвым старшынём <i>халь масляхаты</i> быў прызначаны <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%9D%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Сапармурат Ніязаў">Сапармурат Ніязаў</a> (Туркмэнбашы). Стварыць гэты орган улады (які стаўся па сутнасьці яе «чацьвертай галіной») Ніязаў вырашыў пасьля зьдзейсьненага на яго пакушэньня. Туркмэнбашы меркаваў, што ягоным палітычным супернікам будзе цяжэй змагацца зь дзьвюма з паловай тысячамі сябраў «народнае рады», чым з 50 парлямантарамі<sup id="cite_ref-sekir_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sekir-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Другі заканадаўчы орган — <i>мэджліс</i> (парлямэнт, 50 чальцоў). Дэпутаты абіраліся на 5 гадоў у аднамандатных акругах. Кампэтэнцыя <i>мэджлісу</i> — прыняцьце законаў. Практычна ўсё яго паўнамоцтвы за кіраваньнем Ніязава перайшлі да <i>хальк масляхаты</i>. У сьнежні 1999 году <i>хальк масляхаты</i> абьвясьціў Сапармурата Ніязава бестэрміновым прэзыдэнтам, які мае права перавыбірацца колькі заўгодна разоў. </p><p>У лютым 2001 году, у дзень свайго 61-годзьдзя, Ніязаў назваў прыкладную дату свайго сыходу з пасады прэзыдэнта — 2010 году. Перад гэтым на працягу 2000 году ён больш чым на 70% абнавіў склад ураду і прэзыдэнцкай адміністрацыі, зьмяніў каля дзесяці віцэ-прэм’ераў, правёў маштабныя чысткі ў Цэнтрабанку, МЗС, міністэрствах сельскай гаспадаркі і адукацыі, сілавых ведамствах. У 2001 годзе ізноў пачаліся чысткі сярод віцэ-прэм’ераў, у сілавых ведамствах, Цэнтрабанку, мытні, у кіраўніцтве чыгункамі. У жніўні 2002 году <i>хальк масляхаты</i> абвясьціў Сапармурата Ніязава пажыцьцёвым прэзыдэнтам і пераназваў у яго гонар месяцы году і дні тыдня. Яшчэ адным новаўвядзеньнем стала новае дзяленьне жыцьцёвага цыклу чалавека на ўзросты. Паводле новага вымярэньня, узрост паміж 61 і 73 гадамі названы «ўзростам натхненьня». </p><p>У лістападзе 2002 году ў краіне было абьвешчана аб выкрыцьці змовы жменькі замежных тэрарыстаў з мэтай замаху на Туркмэнбашы, пачалася новая хваля рэпрэсіяў. Падчас сьледзтва былі арыштаваныя старшыня парлямэнту, кіраўнікі МЗС, сілавых міністэрстваў, некалькі губэрнатараў. У 2003 годзе былі звольненыя ўсе кіраўнікі сілавых ведамстваў, уключаючы Генпракуратуру. </p><p>У 2005 годзе падчас новай чысткі былі пазбаўленыя сваіх пастоў людзі, якія лічыліся пераемнікамі Ніязава — яго намесьнік у <i>хальк масляхаты</i> Рэджэп Сапараў (асуджаны на 20 гадоў) і віцэ-прэм’ер Елы Курбанмурадаў. 24 кастрычніка 2005 году <i>хальк масляхаты</i> поўным складам (2506 чалавек) адхіліў законапраект Ніязава аб правядзеньні прэзыдэнцкіх выбараў у 2009 годзе. Пасьля гэтага Ніязаў прапанаваў лічыць, што прыняцьце закону проста адкладзена да сьнежня 2009 году. </p><p>10 красавіка 2006 году Туркмэнбашы адправіў на пэнсію Генпракурора Туркмэністану Курбанбыбі Атаджанаву, пост заняў яе былы першы намесьнік Мухэмэтгулы Агшукаў. Атаджанава займала пост 11 гадоў. За гэты пэрыяд яна стала «выкрывальнікам» давераных асобаў, такіх як Елы Курбанмурадаў, Рэджэп Сапараў і шматлікіх іншых, якія нібыта «абразілі Туркмэнбашы здрадай». </p><p>Пасьля сьмерці Сапармурата Ніязава краіну ачоліў <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Гурбангулы Бэрдымухамэдаў">Гурбангулы Бэрдымухамэдаў</a>, які ўзяў курс на большую адкрытасьць і дэмакратызацыю Туркмэністану. Увесну 2008 году ён абвясьціў пра пачатак глыбокіх пераўтварэньняў, якія ахапілі ўсе сфэры жыцьця туркмэнскае дзяржавы і грамадзтва. А ў красавіку Бердымухамэдаў заявіў пра намер зьмяніць канстытуцыю. </p><p>Новая канстытуцыя была прынятая 26 верасьня 2008 году. Яна скасавала найвышэйшы прадстаўнічы і заканадачы орган улады <i>хальк масляхаты</i> (народны савет), 2507 чальцоў якога асабіста прызначаліся Туркмэнбашы. Паводле канстытуцыі быў абвешчаны прынцып шматпартыйнасьці, а ўся заканадаўчая ўлада цяпер належыць парлямэнту. Колькасьць дэпутатаў мэджлісу павялічана з 50 чалавек да 125 — яны абіраюцца па тэрытарыяльных акругах тэрмінам на пяць гадоў. Парлямэнт прымае законы, уносіць зьмены ў канстытуцыю і законы, зацьвярджае дзяржаўны бюджэт і справаздачу пра яго выкананьне, прызначае выбары прэзыдэнта краіны і дэпутатаў мэджлісу, ратыфікуе і дэнансуе міжнародныя дамовы, разглядае пытаньні міру і бясьпекі. Таксама дэпутатам перададзеныя паўнамоцтвы па канстытуцыным наглядзе. Мэджліс дае тлумачэньне законаў, а таксама вызначае адпаведнасьць/неадпаведнасьць канстытуцыі нарматыўна-прававых актаў органаў дзяржаўнае ўлады. Мэджліс прымае рашэньне пра датэрміновае вызваленьне прэзыдэнта ад пасады з прычыны хваробы, а таксама прызначае ў такім выпадку асобу, якая будзе выконваць абавязкі прэзыдэнта. Захавалася правіла пра немагчымасьць выконваючага абавязкі прэзыдэнта ўдзельнічаць у выбарах. Адна з асноўных зьменаў, якая датычыцца прэзыдэнта, заключаная ў тым, што прэзыдэнтам можа стаць ня толькі туркмэн, як было вызначана папярэдняй канстытуцыяй. Аднак існуе «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B7_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Цэнз аседласьці (старонка не існуе)">цэнз аседласьці</a>», паводле якога кандыдатам на найвышэйшы пост можа стаць толькі чалавек, які стала пражывае на тэрыторыі краіны апошнія 15 гадоў. Кіраўнік дзяржавы абіраецца непасрэдна народам Туркмэністану тэрмінам на пяць гадоў і заступае на пасаду неадкладна пасьля прынясеньня ім прысягі<sup id="cite_ref-sekir_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sekir-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Новую рэдакцыю канстытуцыі прыняў <i>хальк масляхаты</i>. Гэта стала яго апошнім рашэньнем — на тым жа паседжаньні народная рада была распушчаная. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Дачыненьні_зь_Беларусьсю"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B0.D1.87.D1.8B.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.8C.D0.BD.D1.96_.D0.B7.D1.8C_.D0.91.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.83.D1.81.D1.8C.D1.81.D1.8E"></span>Дачыненьні зь Беларусьсю</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Дачыненьні зь Беларусьсю»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&section=4" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Дачыненьні зь Беларусьсю"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>У 1993 г. Рэспубліка Беларусь і Рэспубліка Туркмэністан усталявалі дыпляматычныя дачыненьні. У 1994—2007 гг. першым амбасадарам Туркмэністану ў Беларусі працаваў беларускі грамадзянін <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Туркмэны">туркмэнскага</a> паходжаньня <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%86%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ільля Вяльянаў (старонка не існуе)">Ільля Вяльянаў</a>. У 2002 г. А.Лукашэнка наведаў Ашгабад. У 2004 г. адчынілі амбасаду Беларусі ў Туркмэністане. З 2009 г. прэзыдэнты Беларусі і Туркмэністану <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляксандар Лукашэнка">Аляксандар Лукашэнка</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Гурбангулы Бэрдымухамэдаў">Гурбангулы Бэрдымухамэдаў</a> сталі сустракацца штогод: у няцотныя гады ў Ашгабадзе, у цотныя — у Менску. У 2013 г. двухбаковы таваразварот дасягнуў $320 млн. У Туркмэністан паставіл 1031 грузавік «<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Менскі аўтамабільны завод">МАЗ</a>», 500 <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Трактар">трактароў</a> «<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_(%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80)" class="mw-redirect" title="Беларус (трактар)">Беларус</a>» і 580 адмысловых машынаў. У 2016/2017 навучальным годзе ў ВНУ Беларусі навучаліся 7911 студэнтаў з Туркмэністану, што складала звыш паловы замежных <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Студэнт">студэнтаў</a> у Беларусі. 30 сакавіка 2017 г. А.Лукашэнка і Г.Бэрдымухамэдаў адчынілі Гарлыцкі завод калійных угнаеньняў гадавой магутнасьцю звыш 1,4 млн тонаў, які канцэрн «Белгорхімпрам» будаваў у Туркмэністане за больш як $1 млрд з 2011 году<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Геаграфія"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B5.D0.B0.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84.D1.96.D1.8F"></span>Геаграфія</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Геаграфія»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&section=5" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Геаграфія"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Адміністрацыйны_падзел"><span id=".D0.90.D0.B4.D0.BC.D1.96.D0.BD.D1.96.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.86.D1.8B.D0.B9.D0.BD.D1.8B_.D0.BF.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B7.D0.B5.D0.BB"></span>Адміністрацыйны падзел</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Адміністрацыйны падзел»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&section=6" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Адміністрацыйны падзел"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Паводле адміністрацыйнага дзяленьня Туркмэністан падзяляецца на горад Ашгабад і 5 вэляятаў — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%8F%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ахальскі вэляят (старонка не існуе)">Ахальскі</a> (сталіца — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Энэў (старонка не існуе)">Энэў</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%8F%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бальканскі вэляят (старонка не існуе)">Бальканскі</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бальканабад (старонка не існуе)">Бальканабад</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%8F%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дашагузскі вэляят (старонка не існуе)">Дашагузскі</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дашагуз (старонка не існуе)">Дашагуз</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%8F%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лебапскі вэляят (старонка не існуе)">Лебапскі</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Туркмэнабад (старонка не існуе)">Туркмэнабад</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%8F%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Марыскі вэляят (старонка не існуе)">Марыскі</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мары (старонка не існуе)">Мары</a>). Горад Ашгабад зьяўляецца асобнай адміністрацыйнай адзінкай і не ўваходзіць у склад якога-небудзь вэляяту. Вэляяты дзеляцца на этрапы (раёны) і гарады. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Адміністрацыйная_гісторыя"><span id=".D0.90.D0.B4.D0.BC.D1.96.D0.BD.D1.96.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.86.D1.8B.D0.B9.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.8F_.D0.B3.D1.96.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.8F"></span>Адміністрацыйная гісторыя</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Адміністрацыйная гісторыя»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&section=7" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Адміністрацыйная гісторыя"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>У 1917 годзе тэрыторыя сучаснага Туркмэністану ўваходзіла ў склад Закасьпійскай вобласьці (сталіца — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ашгабад">Ашгабад</a>) і <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бухарскі эмірат (старонка не існуе)">Бухарскага эмірата</a>. У 1919 годзе была ўтвораная <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Туркестанская Савецкая Фэдэратыўная Рэспубліка (старонка не існуе)">Туркестанская Савецкая Фэдэратыўная Рэспубліка</a> з цэнтрам у <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Ташкент">Ташкенце</a>, куды ўвайшла вялікая частка Туркмэністану. Сам Туркмэністан як асобная адміністрацыйная адзінка, быў вылучаны ў ёй у 1921 годзе ў выглядзе Туркмэнскай вобласьці. Пасьля ліквідацыі Бухарскай НСР у 1924 годзе, яе заходнія раёны былі аб’яднаныя з Туркмэнскай вобласьцю ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Туркмэнская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка">Туркмэнскую ССР</a>. </p><p>Туркмэнская ССР першапачаткова дзялілася на акругі: Керкінскі, Ленінскі (пазьней — Чарджуйскі), Мэрвскі, Палтарацкі (пазьней — Ашхабадзкі) і Ташаўскі. У 1939 годзе было ўведзена абласное дзяленьне на Ашгабадзкую, Краснаводзкую, Марыскую, Ташаўзкую, Чарджаўскую вобласьці. </p><p>У 1943 годзе была ўтвораная Керкінская вобласьць, якая праіснавала да 1947 году, і ліквідаваная Краснаводзкая вобласьць. У 1952 годзе Краснаводзкая вобласьць была адноўленая, але ў 1955 годзе зноў ліквідаваная. У 1959 годзе была ліквідаваная Ашгабадзкая вобласьць. У 1963 годзе ліквідуюцца Марыская, Ташаўзкая і Чарджаўская вобласьці, але ўжо ў 1970 годзе яны аднаўляюцца. У 1973 годзе аднаўляюцца таксама Ашгабадзкая і Краснаводзкая вобласьці. У 1988 годзе Ашгабадзкая і Краснаводзкая вобласьці ізноў ліквідуюцца. У 1991 годзе на тэрыторыі былой Краснаводзкай вобласьці ўтвараецца Бальканская вобласьць з цэнтрам у <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нябіты-Даг (старонка не існуе)">Нябіты-Дагу</a>. </p><p>У 1992 годзе на тэрыторыі былой Ашгабадзкай вобласьці ўтвараецца Ахалскі вэляят са сталіцай спачатку ў Ашгабадзе, а пазьней у Энэве. Бальканская і Марыская вобласьці пераназываюцца, адпаведна, у Бальканскі вэляят і Марыскі вэляят. Ташаўзкая вобласьць становіцца Дашагускім вэляятам, Чарджаўская — Лебапскім вэляятам. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Эканоміка"><span id=".D0.AD.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BC.D1.96.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Эканоміка</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Эканоміка»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&section=8" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Эканоміка"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>У сельскай гаспадарцы, занята каля 30% <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Эканамічна актыўнае насельніцтва">эканамічна актыўнага насельніцтва</a>, у прамысловасьці — прыкладна 40%, у сфэры паслуг — каля 30%. </p><p>Галоўным прыродным багацьцем Туркмэністана зьяўляецца <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Прыродны газ">прыродны газ</a>. На пачатак 2003 году разьведаныя запасы прыроднага газу ў Туркмэністане перавышалі 27 трлн <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%C2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="М³">м³</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Здабыча <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Нафта">нафты</a> і газу і іх наступны <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Экспарт">экспарт</a> — вядучая галіна эканомікі. Таксама важкія сфэры — лёгкая індустрыя, у першую чаргу тэкстыльная прамысловасьць, аграрны сэктар. </p><p>Экспарт — галоўнае месца займае газ, нафта і нафтапрадукты, а таксама <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Электраэнэргія">электраэнэргія</a>, тавары баваўнянай групы, дываны і дывановыя вырабы. Экспарт дасягнуў амаль 4,4 млрд даляраў ЗША. </p><p>Імпарт — машыны і абсталяваньне (для нафтагазавай галіны), вугаль, хімічныя прэпараты, лекі і іншае. Імпарт быў на ўзроўні 2,4 млрд даляраў ЗША. </p><p>Па афіцыйных зьвестках, тэмпы эканамічнага росту ВУП склалі ў 1999 — 16%, 2000 — 18%, 2001 і 2002 — па 20%, 2003 — 17%, 2004 — 21%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Дэмаграфія"><span id=".D0.94.D1.8D.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84.D1.96.D1.8F"></span>Дэмаграфія</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Дэмаграфія»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&section=9" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Дэмаграфія"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Насельніцтва Туркмэністану расьце вельмі хуткімі тэмпамі. Па перапісе 1979 году наяўнае насельніцтва краіны складала 2759 тысячаў, па перапісе 1989 году — 3534 тысячы, па перапісе 1995 году — 4481 тысячу чалавек. Працягваецца бурны рост насельніцтва і пасьля перапісу 1995 году, да пачатку 2000 году — 5200 тысячаў, да пачатку 2001 году — 5369,4 тысячы, на 1 траўня 2001 году — 5410 тысячаў, на 1 жніўня 2001 году — 5478,9 тысячы чалавек. Пры гэтым расьце колькасьць толькі тытульнай нацыянальнасьці. </p><p>Яшчэ ў царскія часы (перапіс 1897 году ў Закасьпійскай вобласьці) расейцы (разам з <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Украінцы">украінцамі</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Беларусы">беларусамі</a>) складалі тут 8,7%. Да 1926 году доля расейцаў засталася ранейшай, склаўшы 7,7% (без украінцаў і беларусаў). У 1939 годзе доля расейцаў дасягнула піку — 18,6%, пры гэтым туркмэны складалі 59,2% насельніцтва. Пасьляваенны пэрыяд стаў часам падзеньня долі расейцаў, у 1959 годзе яны склалі 17,3% (паніжэньне іх долі ў 1939—1959 гадах тлумачыцца землятрусам 1947 году ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ашгабад">Ашгабадзе</a>, у якім загінулі да 100 тысячаў чалавек), а ў 1989 годзе — 9,5%. Доля туркмэн вырасла да 1989 году да 72%, наблізіўшыся да ўзроўню 1926 году (73,2%). У апошняе дзесяцігодзьдзе XX стагодзьдзя доля туркмэн працягвала расьці. У 1995 годзе яны склалі 77% усяго насельніцтва, а расейцы — 6,7%. Здавалася б, доля туркмэн стала рэкордна высокай, перавысіўшы нават адпаведны ўзровень у царскім перапісе 1897 году. Але ў пачатку 2001 году ў краіне былі апублікаваныя самыя апошнія зьвесткі аб этнічным складзе насельніцтва, якія перасягнулі ўсе чаканьні. Апублікаваныя яны былі самім прэзыдэнтам Сапармуратам Ніязавым у дакладзе перад Народнай Радай Туркмэністану 18 лютага 2001 году. «<i>У Туркмэністане прадстаўлена больш за сорак народаў. Мы зь імі жывем у міры і згодзе. 3% насельніцтва краіны — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Узбэкі">узбэкі</a>, 2% — расейцы. Карэнная нацыя — туркмэны — складае 91%</i>», — сказаў Туркмэнбашы па паведамленьні газэты «Нэўтральны Туркмэністан» (ад 14 красавіка 2001 году). </p><p>Такім чынам, з пачатку 1989 году па пачатак 2001 году ў Туркмэністане колькасьць туркмэн узрасла ўдвая (з 2,5 да 4,9 мільёнаў), а колькасьць расейцаў — паменшылася ўтрая (з 334 тысячаў засталося ледзь больш 100 тысячаў). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Крыніцы"><span id=".D0.9A.D1.80.D1.8B.D0.BD.D1.96.D1.86.D1.8B"></span>Крыніцы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Крыніцы»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&section=10" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Крыніцы"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:85%; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sekir-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sekir_1-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sekir_1-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2008/09/26_a_2842741.shtml">Газета.ру: Секир-баши</a> <small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="расейскай мовай">(рас.)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сяргей Богдан (старонка не існуе)">Сяргей Богдан</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ostro.by/politics/belarus-turkmenistan-kanets-gistoryi-pospehu/">Беларусь — Туркмэністан: канец гісторыі посьпеху</a> // <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Цэнтар Астрагорскага">Цэнтар Астрагорскага</a>, 21 чэрвеня 2017 г. <small><span title="Дата апошняй праверкі спасылкі">Праверана 16 чэрвеня 2017 г.</span></small></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Леанід Лахманенка.</i> Духоўны кодэкс Туркмэнбашы выдадзены на беларускай мове // <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Зьвязда">Зьвязда</a></i> : газэта. — 14 лютага 2003. — № 38-39 (24722-24723). — С. 2. — <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1990-763x">1990-763x</a>.</span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Краіны_Азіі" style="hlist;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2346563">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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<li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Аман">Аман</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Армэнія">Армэнія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Аўганістан">Аўганістан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%88" title="Банглядэш">Банглядэш</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Бахрэйн">Бахрэйн</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Брунэй">Брунэй</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бутан">Бутан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Віетнам">Віетнам</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Грузія">Грузія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Емэн">Емэн</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ізраіль">Ізраіль</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Інданэзія">Інданэзія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Індыя">Індыя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Ірак">Ірак</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іран">Іран</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан">Казахстан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Камбоджа">Камбоджа</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Катар">Катар</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кіпр">Кіпр</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кітай">Кітай</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Кувэйт">Кувэйт</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кыргыстан">Кыргыстан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос">Лаос</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лібан">Лібан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Малайзія">Малайзія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Мальдыўскія астравы">Мальдыўскія астравы</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Манголія">Манголія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%E2%80%99%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="М’янма">М’янма</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Нэпал">Нэпал</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакістан">Пакістан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%8F" title="Рэспубліка Карэя">Паўднёвая Карэя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Карэйская Народна-Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка">Паўночная Карэя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Расея">Расея</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Саудаўская Арабія">Саудаўская Арабія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Сынгапур">Сынгапур</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Сырыя">Сырыя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Таджыкістан">Таджыкістан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Тайлянд">Тайлянд</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Туркмэністан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Турэччына">Турэччына</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Узбэкістан">Узбэкістан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Усходні Тымор">Усходні Тымор</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Філіпіны">Філіпіны</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%8B-%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шры-Ланка">Шры-Ланка</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Эгіпет">Эгіпет</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія">Японія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ярданія">Ярданія</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 250px;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Сьпіс непрызнаных краінаў">Непрызнаныя</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Залежныя тэрыторыі">залежныя</a> тэрыторыі</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Абхазія">Абхазія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Азад Кашмір">Азад Кашмір</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0_(%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ва (дзяржава) (старонка не існуе)">Ва</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Ганконг">Ганконг</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%97%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Карэнскі Зьвяз (старонка не існуе)">Карэнскі Зьвяз</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Рэспубліка Кітай">Рэспубліка Кітай</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао">Макао</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нагорна-Карабаская Рэспубліка">Нагорны Карабах</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Дзяржава Палестына">Палестына</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Паўночны Кіпр">Паўночны Кіпр</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Паўднёвая Асэтыя">Паўднёвая Асэтыя</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Таміл Ілам (старонка не існуе)">Таміл Ілам</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шан (дзяржава) (старонка не існуе)">Шан</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Арганізацыя_бясьпекі_і_супрацы_ў_Эўропе" style="hlist;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2346563"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-прагляд"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD:%D0%90%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD" title="Шаблён:АБСЭ"><abbr title="Праглядзець шаблён" style=";;background:transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-абмеркаваньне"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%83:%D0%90%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Абмеркаваньне шаблёну:АБСЭ (старонка не існуе)"><abbr title="Абмеркаваць шаблён" style=";;background:transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">а</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-рэдагаваць"><a class="external text" href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD:%D0%90%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD&action=edit"><abbr title="Рэдагаваць шаблён" style=";;background:transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">р</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Арганізацыя_бясьпекі_і_супрацы_ў_Эўропе" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%96_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B_%D1%9E_%D0%AD%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5" title="Арганізацыя бясьпекі і супрацы ў Эўропе">Арганізацыя бясьпекі і супрацы ў Эўропе</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Чальцы</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:justify;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Азэрбайджан">Азэрбайджан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Альбанія">Альбанія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Андора">Андора</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Армэнія">Армэнія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Аўстрыя">Аўстрыя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Баўгарыя">Баўгарыя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь">Беларусь</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Босьнія і Герцагавіна">Босьнія і Герцагавіна</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Бэльгія">Бэльгія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватыкан">Ватыкан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вугоршчына">Вугоршчына</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Вялікабрытанія">Вялікабрытанія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гішпанія">Гішпанія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Грузія">Грузія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Грэцыя">Грэцыя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Данія">Данія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Злучаныя Штаты Амэрыкі">Злучаныя Штаты Амэрыкі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ірляндыя">Ірляндыя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ісьляндыя">Ісьляндыя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Італія">Італія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан">Казахстан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Канада">Канада</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кіпр">Кіпр</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кыргыстан">Кыргыстан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Латвія">Латвія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Летува">Летува</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%85%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Ліхтэнштайн">Ліхтэнштайн</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Люксэмбург">Люксэмбург</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Малдова">Малдова</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта">Мальта</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Манака">Манака</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нарвэгія">Нарвэгія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Нідэрлянды">Нідэрлянды</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нямеччына">Нямеччына</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Партугалія">Партугалія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Паўночная Македонія">Паўночная Македонія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Польшча">Польшча</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Расея">Расея</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Румынія">Румынія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Сан-Марына">Сан-Марына</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Славаччына">Славаччына</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Славенія">Славенія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Сэрбія">Сэрбія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Таджыкістан">Таджыкістан</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Туркмэністан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Турэччына">Турэччына</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Узбэкістан">Узбэкістан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украіна">Украіна</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Фінляндыя">Фінляндыя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Францыя">Францыя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Харватыя">Харватыя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Чарнагорыя">Чарнагорыя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чэхія">Чэхія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Швайцарыя">Швайцарыя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Швэцыя">Швэцыя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Эстонія">Эстонія</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Партнэры</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:justify;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Альжыр">Альжыр</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Аўганістан">Аўганістан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ізраіль">Ізраіль</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Манголія">Манголія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Марока">Марока</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%8F" title="Рэспубліка Карэя">Паўднёвая Карэя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Тайлянд">Тайлянд</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Эгіпет">Эгіпет</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія">Японія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ярданія">Ярданія</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Краіны_і_рэгіёны_са_значнай_прысутнасьцю_цюрскіх_этнасаў" style="hlist;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="#a6ffeb"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2346563"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-прагляд"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD:%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Шаблён:Цюрскія краіны"><abbr title="Праглядзець шаблён" style="#a6ffeb;;background:transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-абмеркаваньне"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%83:%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Абмеркаваньне шаблёну:Цюрскія краіны (старонка не існуе)"><abbr title="Абмеркаваць шаблён" style="#a6ffeb;;background:transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">а</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-рэдагаваць"><a class="external text" href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD:%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B&action=edit"><abbr title="Рэдагаваць шаблён" style="#a6ffeb;;background:transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">р</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Краіны_і_рэгіёны_са_значнай_прысутнасьцю_цюрскіх_этнасаў" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 4em">Краіны і рэгіёны са значнай прысутнасьцю <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Цюркі (старонка не існуе)">цюрскіх этнасаў</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="#a6ffeb;width:1%;width: 220px; vertical-align: top;">Краіны</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Азэрбайджан">Азэрбайджан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан">Казахстан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кыргыстан">Кыргыстан</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Туркмэністан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Турэччына">Турэччына</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Узбэкістан">Узбэкістан</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="#a6ffeb;width:1%;width: 220px; vertical-align: top;">Былыя дзяржавы</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BA-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ак-Каюнлу (старонка не існуе)">Ак-Каюнлу</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Асманская імпэрыя">Асманская імпэрыя</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бухарскае ханства (старонка не існуе)">Бухарскае ханства</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Какандзкае ханства (старонка не існуе)">Какандзкае ханства</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Усходні Туркестан (старонка не існуе)">Усходні Туркестан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хівінскае ханства (старонка не існуе)">Хівінскае ханства</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="#a6ffeb;width:1%;width: 220px; vertical-align: top;">Іншыя краіны, тэрыторыі і рэгіёны<br />зь пераважнай прысутнасьцю<br />цюрскіх этнасаў або якія прызналі<br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Цюрскія мовы">вызначаную цюрскую мову</a> афіцыйнай</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іран">Іран</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Занджан (астан)">Занджан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Паўднёвы Азэрбайджан (старонка не існуе)">Паўднёвы Азэрбайджан</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кіпр">Кіпр</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кітай">Кітай</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BD-%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Сіньцьзян-Уйгурскі аўтаномны раён">Сіньцьзян-Уйгурскі аўтаномны раён</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Малдова">Малдова</a></b> <ul><li><a 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