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href="#Pearl_Harbor_and_subsequent_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pearl Harbor and subsequent operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pearl_Harbor_and_subsequent_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_Ocean_Raid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Ocean_Raid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Indian Ocean Raid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_Ocean_Raid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Midway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Midway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Midway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Midway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88" title="حاملة الطائرات اليابانية هيريو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حاملة الطائرات اليابانية هيريو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8E" title="Хирю – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хирю" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaavions_Hiry%C5%AB" title="Portaavions Hiryū – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Portaavions Hiryū" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirj%C3%BA" title="Hirjú – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hirjú" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiryu" title="Hiryu – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hiryu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiry%C5%AB" title="Hiryū – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hiryū" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiry%C5%AB_(1939)" title="Hiryū (1939) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hiryū (1939)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiryu" title="Hiryu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hiryu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88" title="ناو هواپیمابر هیریو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناو هواپیمابر هیریو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiry%C5%AB" title="Hiryū – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hiryū" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EB%A5%98_(%ED%95%AD%EA%B3%B5%EB%AA%A8%ED%95%A8)" title="히류 (항공모함) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="히류 (항공모함)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal_induk_Jepang_Hiry%C5%AB" title="Kapal induk Jepang Hiryū – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kapal induk Jepang Hiryū" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiryu" title="Hiryu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hiryu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95" title="היריו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היריו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirj%C3%BA_(rep%C3%BCl%C5%91g%C3%A9p-hordoz%C3%B3)" title="Hirjú (repülőgép-hordozó) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hirjú (repülőgép-hordozó)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal_induk_Jepun_Hiryu" title="Kapal induk Jepun Hiryu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kapal induk Jepun Hiryu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiryu_(schip,_1939)" title="Hiryu (schip, 1939) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hiryu (schip, 1939)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%BE%8D_(%E7%A9%BA%E6%AF%8D)" title="飛龍 (空母) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="飛龍 (空母)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiry%C5%AB" title="Hiryū – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hiryū" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiry%C5%AB_(porta-avi%C3%B5es)" title="Hiryū (porta-aviões) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hiryū (porta-aviões)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8E_(%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86)" title="Хирю (авианосец) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хирю (авианосец)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiryu" title="Hiryu – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Hiryu" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%98%D1%83" title="Јапански носач авиона Хирју – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јапански носач авиона Хирју" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiry%C5%AB" title="Hiryū – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hiryū" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiry%C5%AB" title="Hiryū – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hiryū" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7" title="เรือบรรทุกเครื่องบินฮิริว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรือบรรทุกเครื่องบินฮิริว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiry%C5%AB_(u%C3%A7ak_gemisi)" title="Hiryū (uçak gemisi) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hiryū (uçak gemisi)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8E" title="Хірю – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хірю" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiry%C5%AB_(t%C3%A0u_s%C3%A2n_bay_Nh%E1%BA%ADt)" title="Hiryū (tàu sân bay Nhật) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hiryū (tàu sân bay Nhật)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%BE%8D%E8%99%9F%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%AF%8D%E8%89%A6" title="飛龍號航空母艦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="飛龍號航空母艦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q570007#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Aircraft carrier of the Imperial Japanese Navy</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_1939.jpg/300px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_1939.jpg/450px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_1939.jpg/600px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2915" data-file-height="1764" /></a></span><div><i>Hiryū</i> at anchor in <a href="/wiki/Yokosuka,_Kanagawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Yokosuka, Kanagawa">Yokosuka</a>, shortly after completion in 1939</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Class overview</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Operators</td><td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/23px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/35px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/46px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Preceded by</td><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_S%C5%8Dry%C5%AB" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Sōryū"><i>Sōryū</i></a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Succeeded by</td><td><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dkaku-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Shōkaku-class aircraft carrier"><i>Shōkaku</i> class</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Built</td><td>1936–1939</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">In commission</td><td>1939–1942</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Completed</td><td>1</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Lost</td><td>1</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/42px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/63px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/84px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>Hiryū</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Namesake</td><td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">飛龍</span></span>, "Flying Dragon"</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_Naval_Arsenal" title="Yokosuka Naval Arsenal">Yokosuka Naval Arsenal</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Laid down</td><td>8 July 1936</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>16 November 1937</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Commissioned</td><td>5 July 1939</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Stricken</td><td>25 September 1942</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td><a href="/wiki/Scuttling" title="Scuttling">Scuttled</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a>, 5 June 1942</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carrier</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td>17,600 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a> (17,300 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)#Standard_displacement" title="Displacement (ship)">standard</a>)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>227.4 m (746 ft 1 in) (<a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">o/a</a>)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>22.3 m (73 ft 2 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draft</td><td>7.8 m (25 ft 7 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 × <a href="/wiki/Water-tube_boiler" title="Water-tube boiler">water-tube boilers</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">153,000 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Shaft_horsepower" title="Horsepower">shp</a> (114,000 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td>4 × shafts; 4 × geared <a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine">steam turbines</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td>34 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (63 km/h; 39 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Range</td><td>10,330 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nmi</a> (19,130 km; 11,890 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td>1,100</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">6 × twin <a href="/wiki/12.7_cm/40_Type_89_naval_gun" title="12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun">12.7 cm (5 in)</a> <a href="/wiki/DP_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="DP gun">DP guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">7 × triple, 5 × twin <a href="/wiki/25_mm_Hotchkiss_anti-aircraft_gun" title="25 mm Hotchkiss anti-aircraft gun">25 mm (1 in)</a> <a href="/wiki/AA_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="AA gun">AA guns</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armor</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Belt_armor" title="Belt armor">Waterline belt</a>: 9–15 cm (3.5–5.9 in)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Deck_(ship)" title="Deck (ship)">Deck</a>: 25–55 mm (1.0–2.2 in)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Aircraft carried</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">64 (+9 spares) (7 Dec. 1941)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">21 <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero">Mitsubishi A6M Zero</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">18 <a href="/wiki/Aichi_D3A" title="Aichi D3A">Aichi D3A</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">18 <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B5N" title="Nakajima B5N">Nakajima B5N</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><i><b>Hiryū</b></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">飛龍</span>, meaning "Flying Dragon")</span> was an <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a> built for the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> (IJN) during the 1930s. Generally regarded as the only ship of her class, she was built to a modified <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_S%C5%8Dry%C5%AB" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Sōryū"><i>Sōryū</i></a> design.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her aircraft supported the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a> in mid-1940. She took part in the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Battle of Wake Island</a>. During the first few months of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a>, the ship supported the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies_campaign" title="Dutch East Indies campaign">conquest of the Dutch East Indies</a> in January 1942. The following month, her aircraft <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Darwin" title="Bombing of Darwin">bombed Darwin, Australia</a>; and continued to assist in the Dutch East Indies campaign. In April, <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> aircraft helped sink two British <a href="/wiki/Heavy_cruiser" title="Heavy cruiser">heavy cruisers</a> and several merchant ships during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Ocean Raid">Indian Ocean Raid</a>. </p><p>After a brief refit, <i>Hiryū</i> and three other fleet carriers of the <a href="/wiki/First_Air_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="First Air Fleet">First Air Fleet</a> (<i>Kido Butai</i>) participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a> in June 1942. After bombarding American forces on <a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">the atoll</a>, the carriers were attacked by aircraft from Midway and the carriers <a href="/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(CV-6)" title="USS Enterprise (CV-6)">USS <i>Enterprise</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Hornet_(CV-8)" title="USS Hornet (CV-8)"><i>Hornet</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/USS_Yorktown_(CV-5)" title="USS Yorktown (CV-5)"><i>Yorktown</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Dive_bomber" title="Dive bomber">Dive bombers</a> from <i>Yorktown</i> and <i>Enterprise</i> crippled <i>Hiryū</i> and set her afire. She was <a href="/wiki/Scuttling" title="Scuttling">scuttled</a> the following day after it became clear that she could not be salvaged. The loss of <i>Hiryū</i> and three other IJN carriers at Midway was a crucial strategic defeat for Japan and contributed significantly to the Allies' ultimate victory in the Pacific. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Hiryū</i> was one of two large carriers approved for construction under the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Naval_Armaments_Supplement_Programme" title="2nd Naval Armaments Supplement Programme">1931 – 1932 Supplementary Program</a>. Originally designed as the <a href="/wiki/Sister_ship" title="Sister ship">sister ship</a> of <i>Sōryū</i>, her design was enlarged and modified in light of the <a href="/wiki/Tomozuru_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomozuru Incident"><i>Tomozuru</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/4th_Fleet_(Imperial_Japanese_Navy)#The_Fourth_Fleet_incident" title="4th Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)">Fourth Fleet Incidents</a> in 1934 –1935 that revealed many IJN ships were top-heavy, <a href="/wiki/Stability_conditions" title="Stability conditions">unstable</a> and structurally weak. Her <a href="/wiki/Forecastle" title="Forecastle">forecastle</a> was raised and her <a href="/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)" title="Hull (watercraft)">hull</a> strengthened. Other changes involved increasing her <a href="/wiki/Beam_(nautical)" title="Beam (nautical)">beam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)" title="Displacement (ship)">displacement</a>, and armor protection.<sup id="cite_ref-c6_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ship had a length of 227.4 meters (746 ft 1 in) <a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">overall</a>, a beam of 22.3 meters (73 ft 2 in) and a <a href="/wiki/Draft_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Draft (ship)">draft</a> of 7.8 meters (25 ft 7 in). She displaced 17,600 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">metric tons</a> (17,300 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>) at <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)#Standard_displacement" title="Displacement (ship)">standard</a> load and 20,570 metric tons (20,250 long tons) at normal load. Her crew consisted of 1,100 officers and enlisted men.<sup id="cite_ref-j5_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hiryu_under_construction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hiryu_under_construction.jpg/220px-Hiryu_under_construction.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hiryu_under_construction.jpg/330px-Hiryu_under_construction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hiryu_under_construction.jpg/440px-Hiryu_under_construction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption><i>Hiryu</i> <a href="/wiki/Fitting_out" title="Fitting out">fitting out</a>, 20 June 1940</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Machinery">Machinery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Machinery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Hiryū</i> was fitted with four geared <a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine">steam turbine</a> sets with a total of 153,000 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Shaft_horsepower" title="Horsepower">shaft horsepower</a> (114,000 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>), each driving one <a href="/wiki/Propeller_shaft_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Propeller shaft (ship)">propeller shaft</a> using steam provided by eight Kampon <a href="/wiki/Water-tube_boiler" title="Water-tube boiler">water-tube boilers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-j5_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The turbines and boilers were the same as those used in the <a href="/wiki/Mogami-class_cruiser" title="Mogami-class cruiser"><i>Mogami</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruisers</a>. The ship's power and slim, <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruiser</a>-type hull with a length-to-beam ratio of 10:1 gave her a speed of 34.3 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (63.5 km/h; 39.5 mph)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and made her the fastest carrier in the world at the time of her commissioning.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Hiryū</i> carried 4,500 metric tons (4,400 long tons) of <a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">fuel oil</a> which gave her a range of 10,330 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> (19,130 km; 11,890 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph). The boiler uptakes were trunked to the ship's starboard side amidships and exhausted just below <a href="/wiki/Flight_deck" title="Flight deck">flight deck</a> level through two <a href="/wiki/Funnel_(ship)" title="Funnel (ship)">funnels</a> curved downward.<sup id="cite_ref-p9_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p9-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flight_deck_and_hangars">Flight deck and hangars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Flight deck and hangars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The carrier's 216.9-meter (711 ft 7 in) flight deck was 27 meters (88 ft 6 in) wide and overhung her <a href="/wiki/Superstructure" title="Superstructure">superstructure</a> at both ends, supported by pairs of pillars.<sup id="cite_ref-p9_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p9-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Hiryū</i> was one of only two carriers ever built whose <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(A-L)#island" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of nautical terms (A-L)">island</a> was on the port side of the ship (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Akagi" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Akagi"><i>Akagi</i></a> was the other). It was also positioned further to the rear and encroached on the width of the flight deck, unlike <i>Sōryū</i>. Nine transverse <a href="/wiki/Arrestor_wire" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrestor wire">arrestor wires</a> were installed on the flight deck that could stop a 6,000-kilogram (13,000 lb) aircraft. One group of three wires was positioned further forward to allow the ship to land aircraft over the bow, although this was never done in practice. The flight deck was only 12.8 meters (42 ft) above the <a href="/wiki/Waterline" title="Waterline">waterline</a> and the ship's designers kept this figure low by reducing the height of the hangars.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown18_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown18-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The upper hangar was 171.3 by 18.3 meters (562 by 60 ft) and had an approximate height of 4.6 meters (15 ft); the lower was 142.3 by 18.3 meters (467 by 60 ft) and had an approximate height of 4.3 meters (14 ft). Together they had an approximate total area of 5,736 square meters (61,740 sq ft).<sup id="cite_ref-p9_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p9-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This caused problems in handling aircraft because the wings of a <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B5N" title="Nakajima B5N">Nakajima B5N</a> "Kate" <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_bomber" title="Torpedo bomber">torpedo bomber</a> could neither be spread nor folded in the upper hangar.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown19_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown19-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aircraft were transported between the hangars and the flight deck by three <a href="/wiki/Elevator#Aircraft_elevators" title="Elevator">elevators</a>, the forward one abreast the island on the centerline and the other two offset to starboard.<sup id="cite_ref-c6_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The forward platform measured 16 by 13 meters (52.5 ft × 42.75 ft), the middle one 13 by 12 meters (42.75 ft × 39.3 ft), and the rear 11.8 by 13.0 meters (38.7 ft × 42.8 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-p9_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p9-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were capable of transferring aircraft weighing up to 5,000 kilograms (11,000 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-Brown18_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown18-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Hiryū</i> had a designed aircraft capacity of 64, plus nine spares.<sup id="cite_ref-c6_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armament">Armament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Armament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s primary <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-aircraft gun">anti-aircraft</a> (AA) armament consisted of six twin-gun mounts equipped with <a href="/wiki/12.7_cm/40_Type_89_naval_gun" title="12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun">12.7-centimeter Type 89</a> <a href="/wiki/Dual-purpose_gun" title="Dual-purpose gun">dual-purpose guns</a> mounted on projecting <a href="/wiki/Sponson" title="Sponson">sponsons</a>, three on either side of the carrier's hull.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown19_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown19-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When firing at surface targets, the guns had a range of 14,700 meters (16,100 yd); they had a maximum ceiling of 9,440 meters (30,970 ft) at their maximum elevation of +90 degrees. Their maximum rate of fire was 14 rounds a minute, but their sustained rate of fire was approximately eight rounds per minute.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ship was equipped with two Type 94 <a href="/wiki/Fire-control_system#Naval_fire_control" title="Fire-control system">fire-control directors</a> to control the 12.7-centimeter (5.0 in) guns, one for each side of the ship;<sup id="cite_ref-pt3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pt3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the starboard-side director was on top of the island and the other director was positioned below flight deck level on the port side.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown20_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown20-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ship's light AA armament consisted of seven triple and five twin-gun mounts for <a href="/wiki/License-built" class="mw-redirect" title="License-built">license-built</a> <a href="/wiki/25_mm_Hotchkiss_anti-aircraft_gun" title="25 mm Hotchkiss anti-aircraft gun">Hotchkiss</a> <a href="/wiki/Type_96_25_mm_AT/AA_Gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 96 25 mm AT/AA Gun">25 mm Type 96</a> AA guns. Two of the triple mounts were sited on a platform just below the forward end of the flight deck.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gun was the standard Japanese light AA gun during World War II, but it suffered from severe design shortcomings that rendered it largely ineffective. According to historian Mark Stille, the weapon had many faults including an inability to "handle high-speed targets because it could not be trained or elevated fast enough by either hand or power, its sights were inadequate for high-speed targets, it possessed excessive vibration and muzzle blast, and its magazines were too small to maintain high rates of fire".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These 25-millimeter (1 in) guns had an effective range of 1,500–3,000 meters (1,600–3,300 yd), and an effective ceiling of 5,500 meters (18,000 ft) at an elevation of +85 degrees. The maximum effective rate of fire was only between 110 and 120 rounds per minute because of the frequent need to change the fifteen-round <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(firearms)" title="Magazine (firearms)">magazines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Type 96 guns were controlled by five Type 95 directors, two on each side and one in the bow.<sup id="cite_ref-pt3_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pt3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armor">Armor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Armor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Hiryū</i> had a <a href="/wiki/Belt_armor" title="Belt armor">waterline belt</a> with a maximum thickness of 150 millimeters (5.9 in) over the <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(artillery)" title="Magazine (artillery)">magazines</a> that reduced to 90 millimeters (3.5 in) over the machinery spaces and the <a href="/wiki/Avgas" title="Avgas">avgas</a> storage tanks. It was backed by an internal anti-splinter <a href="/wiki/Bulkhead_(partition)" title="Bulkhead (partition)">bulkhead</a>. The ship's <a href="/wiki/Deck_(ship)" title="Deck (ship)">deck</a> was 25 millimeters (0.98 in) thick over the machinery spaces and 55 millimeters (2.2 in) thick over the magazines and avgas storage tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown20_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown20-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction_and_service">Construction and service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Construction and service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_aircraft_carrier_hiryu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_hiryu.jpg/220px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_hiryu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_hiryu.jpg/330px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_hiryu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_hiryu.jpg/440px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_hiryu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3852" data-file-height="2155" /></a><figcaption><i>Hiryū</i> running her speed trials, 28 April 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_ship-naming_conventions" title="Japanese ship-naming conventions">Japanese ship-naming conventions</a> for aircraft carriers, <i>Hiryū</i> was named "Flying Dragon".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ship was <a href="/wiki/Keel_laying" title="Keel laying">laid down</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_Naval_Arsenal" title="Yokosuka Naval Arsenal">Yokosuka Naval Arsenal</a> on 8 July 1936, <a href="/wiki/Ship_naming_and_launching" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship naming and launching">launched</a> on 16 November 1937 and <a href="/wiki/Ship_commissioning" title="Ship commissioning">commissioned</a> on 5 July 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Carrier_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Carrier Division">Second Carrier Division</a> on 15 November. In September 1940, the ship's air group was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Hainan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Hainan Island">Hainan Island</a> to support the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a>. In February 1941, <i>Hiryū</i> supported the blockade of Southern China.<sup id="cite_ref-h1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two months later, the 2nd Carrier Division, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Rear_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Rear Admiral">Rear Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamon_Yamaguchi" title="Tamon Yamaguchi">Tamon Yamaguchi</a>, was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/First_Air_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="First Air Fleet">First Air Fleet</a>, or <i>Kido Butai</i>, on 10 April.<sup id="cite_ref-tu_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Hiryū</i> returned to Japan on 7 August and began a short refit that was completed on 15 September. She became <a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">flagship</a> of the Second Division from 22 September to 26 October while <i>Sōryū</i> was refitting.<sup id="cite_ref-tu_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pearl_Harbor_and_subsequent_operations">Pearl Harbor and subsequent operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pearl Harbor and subsequent operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></div> <p>In November 1941, the IJN's Combined Fleet, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Isoroku_Yamamoto" title="Isoroku Yamamoto">Isoroku Yamamoto</a>, prepared to participate in Japan's initiation of a formal war with the United States by conducting a preemptive strike against the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/United_States_Pacific_Fleet" title="United States Pacific Fleet">Pacific Fleet</a> base at <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>, Hawaii. On 22 November, <i>Hiryū</i>, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Captain_(naval)" title="Captain (naval)">Captain</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomeo_Kaku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomeo Kaku (page does not exist)">Tomeo Kaku</a>, and the rest of the <i>Kido Butai</i>, under <a href="/wiki/Vice_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Admiral">Vice Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Chuichi_Nagumo" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuichi Nagumo">Chuichi Nagumo</a> and including six fleet carriers from the First, Second, and Fifth Carrier Divisions, assembled in Hitokappu Bay at <a href="/wiki/Etorofu_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Etorofu Island">Etorofu Island</a>. The fleet departed Etorofu on 26 November<sup id="cite_ref-h1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and followed a course across the north-central Pacific to avoid commercial shipping lanes.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now the flagship of the Second Carrier Division, the ship embarked 21 <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero">Mitsubishi A6M Zero</a> fighters, 18 <a href="/wiki/Aichi_D3A" title="Aichi D3A">Aichi D3A</a> "Val" dive bombers, and 18 Nakajima B5N "Kate" torpedo bombers. From a position 230 nmi (430 km; 260 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oahu</a>, <i>Hiryū</i> and the other five carriers launched two waves of aircraft on the morning of 7 December 1941 Hawaiian time.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stille_2011,_p._25_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stille_2011,_p._25-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the first wave, 8 B5N torpedo bombers were supposed to attack the aircraft carriers that normally berthed on the northwest side of <a href="/wiki/Ford_Island" title="Ford Island">Ford Island</a>, but none were in Pearl Harbor that day; 4 of the B5N pilots diverted to their secondary target, ships berthed alongside "1010 Pier" where the fleet flagship was usually <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/moor" class="extiw" title="wikt:moor">moored</a>. That ship, the battleship <a href="/wiki/USS_Pennsylvania_(BB-38)" title="USS Pennsylvania (BB-38)"><i>Pennsylvania</i></a>, was in <a href="/wiki/Drydock" class="mw-redirect" title="Drydock">drydock</a> and its position was occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">light cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Helena_(CL-50)" title="USS Helena (CL-50)"><i>Helena</i></a> and the <a href="/wiki/Minelayer" title="Minelayer">minelayer</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Oglala" title="USS Oglala"><i>Oglala</i></a>; all four torpedoes missed. The other four pilots attacked the battleships <a href="/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)" title="USS West Virginia (BB-48)"><i>West Virginia</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Oklahoma_(BB-37)" title="USS Oklahoma (BB-37)"><i>Oklahoma</i></a>. The remaining 10 B5Ns were tasked to drop 800-kilogram (1,800 lb) armor-piercing bombs on the battleships berthed on the southeast side of Ford Island ("Battleship Row") and may have scored one or two hits on them,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition to causing a magazine explosion aboard the battleship <a href="/wiki/USS_Arizona" title="USS Arizona"><i>Arizona</i></a> that sank her with heavy loss of life. The 6 A6M Zeros <a href="/wiki/Strafe" class="mw-redirect" title="Strafe">strafed</a> parked aircraft at <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Air_Station_Ewa" title="Marine Corps Air Station Ewa">Marine Corps Air Station Ewa</a> (MCAS Ewa),<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> claiming 22 aircraft destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-h1_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second wave consisted of 9 Zeros and 18 D3As, one of each aborting with mechanical problems.<sup id="cite_ref-Stille_2011,_p._25_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stille_2011,_p._25-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former strafed <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Air_Station_Kaneohe_Bay" title="Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay">Naval Air Station Kaneohe Bay</a> before moving on to attack <a href="/wiki/Bellows_Army_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellows Army Airfield">Bellows Army Airfield</a>. They strafed the airfield, and shot down two <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtiss P-40">Curtiss P-40</a> fighters attempting to take off when the Zeros arrived and a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress</a> <a href="/wiki/Heavy_bomber" title="Heavy bomber">heavy bomber</a> that had earlier diverted from <a href="/wiki/Hickam_Army_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Hickam Army Airfield">Hickam Army Airfield</a>, and also destroyed a <a href="/wiki/Stinson_O-49" class="mw-redirect" title="Stinson O-49">Stinson O-49</a> observation aircraft<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the ground for the loss of one of their own.<sup id="cite_ref-h1_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fighters with remaining ammunition expended it strafing MCAS Ewa, the rendezvous point for the second-wave fighters.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The D3As attacked various ships in Pearl Harbor, but it is not possible to identify which aircraft attacked which ship.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two D3As from <i>Hiryū</i> were lost during the attack, one shot down by <a href="/wiki/Second_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Lieutenant">Second Lieutenant</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Welch_(pilot)" title="George Welch (pilot)">George Welch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While returning to Japan after the attack, Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABichi_Nagumo" title="Chūichi Nagumo">Chūichi Nagumo</a>, commander of the First Air Fleet, ordered that <i>Sōryū</i> and <i>Hiryū</i> be detached on 16 December to attack the defenders of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Wake Island</a> who had already defeated the first Japanese attack on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-tu_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two carriers reached the vicinity of the island on 21 December and launched 29 D3As and 2 B5Ns, escorted by 18 Zeros, to attack ground targets. They encountered no aerial opposition and launched 35 B5Ns and 6 A6M Zeros the following day. They were intercepted by the 2 surviving <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">Grumman F4F Wildcat</a> fighters of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Marine">Marine</a> Fighter Squadron <a href="/wiki/VMF-211" class="mw-redirect" title="VMF-211">VMF-211</a>. The Wildcats shot down 2 B5Ns<sup id="cite_ref-sci1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sci1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before they were shot down by <a href="/wiki/Petty_officer,_third_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Petty officer, third class">PO3c</a> Isao Towara.<sup id="cite_ref-h1_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The garrison surrendered the next day after Japanese troops were landed.<sup id="cite_ref-sci1_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sci1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The carriers arrived at <a href="/wiki/Kure,_Hiroshima" title="Kure, Hiroshima">Kure</a> on 29 December. They were assigned to the Southern Force on 8 January 1942 and departed four days later for the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>. The ships supported the invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Palau_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Palau Islands">Palau Islands</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ambon" title="Battle of Ambon">Battle of Ambon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-tu_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attacking Allied positions on <a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">the island</a> on 23 January with 54 aircraft. Four days later the carriers detached 18 Zeros and 9 D3As to operate from land bases in support of Japanese operations in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%9342)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–42)">Battle of Borneo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Hiryū</i> and <i>Sōryū</i> arrived at Palau on 28 January and waited for the arrival of the carriers <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Kaga" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Kaga"><i>Kaga</i></a> and <i>Akagi</i>. All four carriers departed Palau on 15 February and launched <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Darwin_(February_1942)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Darwin (February 1942)">air strikes</a> against <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin, Australia</a>, four days later. <i>Hiryū</i> contributed 18 B5Ns, 18 D3As, and 9 Zeros to the attack. Her aircraft attacked the ships in port and its facilities, sinking or setting on fire three ships and damaging two others. The Zeros destroyed 1 P-40E as it was taking off, 2 <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">Consolidated PBY Catalina</a> seaplanes on the water, and a Zero was forced to <a href="/wiki/Crash_landing" class="mw-redirect" title="Crash landing">crash land</a> after being damaged by a P-40E of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> (USAAF) <a href="/wiki/33rd_Pursuit_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="33rd Pursuit Squadron">33rd Pursuit Squadron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Hiryū</i> and the other carriers arrived at <a href="/wiki/Staring_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Staring Bay">Staring Bay</a> on <a href="/wiki/Celebes_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Celebes Island">Celebes Island</a> on 21 February to resupply and rest before departing four days later to support the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Java_(1942)" title="Battle of Java (1942)">invasion of Java</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tu_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 March 1942, the ship's D3As damaged the destroyer <a href="/wiki/USS_Edsall_(DD-219)" title="USS Edsall (DD-219)">USS <i>Edsall</i></a> badly enough for her to be caught and sunk by Japanese cruisers. Later that day the dive bombers sank the <a href="/wiki/Oil_tanker" title="Oil tanker">oil tanker</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Pecos_(AO-6)" title="USS Pecos (AO-6)">USS <i>Pecos</i></a>. The four carriers launched an airstrike of 180 aircraft against <a href="/wiki/Cilacap_Regency" title="Cilacap Regency">Tjilatjep</a> on 5 March and set the town on fire, sinking five small ships, and damaging nine others that later had to be <a href="/wiki/Scuttled" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuttled">scuttled</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two days later, they attacked <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a> and <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s aircraft sank the Dutch freighter <i>Poelau Bras</i> before returning to Staring Bay on 11 March<sup id="cite_ref-tu_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to resupply and train for the impending <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_raid" title="Indian Ocean raid">Indian Ocean raid</a>. This raid was intended to secure newly conquered Burma, Malaya, and the Dutch East Indies against any Allied attack by destroying base facilities and forces in the eastern Indian Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_Ocean_Raid">Indian Ocean Raid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Indian Ocean Raid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Ocean Raid">Indian Ocean Raid</a></div> <p>On 26 March, the five carriers of the First Air Fleet departed from Staring Bay; they were spotted by a Catalina about 350 nautical miles (650 km; 400 mi) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a> on the morning of 4 April. Six of <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Zeros were on <a href="/wiki/Combat_Air_Patrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat Air Patrol">Combat Air Patrol</a> (CAP) and helped to shoot it down. Nagumo closed to within 120 nautical miles (220 km; 140 mi) of <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a> before launching an airstrike the next morning. <i>Hiryū</i> contributed 18 B5Ns and 9 Zeros to the force; the latter encountered a flight of 6 <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Swordfish" title="Fairey Swordfish">Fairey Swordfish</a> torpedo bombers from <a href="/wiki/788_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="788 Naval Air Squadron">788 Naval Air Squadron</a> en route and shot them all down without loss. The Japanese aircraft encountered defending <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricane</a> fighters from <a href="/wiki/No._30_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 30 Squadron RAF">Nos. 30</a> and <a href="/wiki/No._258_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 258 Squadron RAF">258 Squadrons RAF</a> over <a href="/wiki/Ratmalana_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratmalana International Airport">Ratmalana</a> airfield and <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s fighters claimed to have shot down 11 with 3 Zeros damaged, although the fighters from the other carriers also made claims. British losses were 21 Hurricanes shot down and 2 more forced to crash land. The D3As and B5Ns inflicted some damage to the port facilities, but a day's warning had allowed much of the shipping in the harbor to be evacuated. The British were attempting to find Nagumo's ships all morning and <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Zeros on CAP over the fleet helped to shoot down an <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">RAF</a> Catalina, shot down a <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Albacore" title="Fairey Albacore">Fairey Albacore</a> torpedo bomber and drove off another from the carrier <a href="/wiki/HMS_Indomitable_(92)" title="HMS Indomitable (92)"><i>Indomitable</i></a>. Later that morning the British <a href="/wiki/Heavy_cruiser" title="Heavy cruiser">heavy cruisers</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Cornwall_(56)" title="HMS Cornwall (56)"><i>Cornwall</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Dorsetshire_(40)" title="HMS Dorsetshire (40)"><i>Dorsetshire</i></a> were spotted and <i>Hiryū</i> launched 18 D3As. They sank both ships in combination with the dive bombers from the other carriers.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the morning of 9 April, <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s CAP shot down another Catalina attempting to locate the fleet and, later that morning, contributed 18 B5Ns, escorted by 6 Zeros, to the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday_Raid#The_attack_on_Trincomalee_Harbour" title="Easter Sunday Raid">attack on Trincomalee</a>. The fighters engaged <a href="/wiki/No._261_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 261 Squadron RAF">261 Squadron RAF</a>, claiming to have shot down two with two more shared with fighters from the other carriers. British losses were only eight fighters, but the Japanese pilots claimed a total of 49 aircraft shot down when the RAF only had 16 Hurricanes in the fight. The British pilots shot down one of <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s B5Ns and forced another to crash land while they were bombing the port. Meanwhile, a <a href="/wiki/Floatplane" title="Floatplane">floatplane</a> from the battleship <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Haruna" title="Japanese battleship Haruna"><i>Haruna</i></a> spotted the small aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hermes_(95)" title="HMS Hermes (95)"><i>Hermes</i></a>, escorted by the destroyer <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Vampire_(D68)" title="HMAS Vampire (D68)">HMAS <i>Vampire</i></a>, and every available D3A was launched to attack the ships, escorted by nine Zeros. <i>Hiryū</i> contributed 18 dive bombers and 3 fighters, but they arrived too late to assist in sinking them and found two other ships further north. They sank the freighter RFA <i>Athelstone</i> and her escorting <a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">corvette</a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hollyhock_(K64)" title="HMS Hollyhock (K64)"><i>Hollyhock</i></a>. While this was going on, <i>Akagi</i> narrowly escaped damage when 9 British <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim">Bristol Blenheim</a> bombers from Ceylon penetrated the CAP and dropped their bombs from 11,000 feet (3,400 m). <i>Hiryū</i> had eight Zeros aloft, along with 12 more from the other carriers, and collectively they accounted for 5 of the British bombers for the loss of 1 of <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Zeros. The Blenheims ran into the D3As from <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Sh%C5%8Dkaku" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Shōkaku"><i>Shōkaku</i></a>, escorted by <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Zeros, on their way back home and lost one more bomber to the Japanese aircraft. The dive bombers claimed to have shot down two Blenheims in conjunction with the Zeros, which claimed one on their own, for the loss of one Zero shot down by the bombers' gunners and one D3A damaged. After launching the dive bombers that sank <i>Hermes</i> and the other ships, the First Air Fleet reversed course and headed southeast for the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Strait" class="mw-redirect" title="Malacca Strait">Malacca Strait</a> and Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 April, while transiting the <a href="/wiki/Bashi_Straits" class="mw-redirect" title="Bashi Straits">Bashi Straits</a> between Taiwan and <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a> en route to Japan, <i>Hiryū</i>, <i>Sōryū</i>, and <i>Akagi</i> were sent in pursuit of the American carriers <a href="/wiki/USS_Hornet_(CV-8)" title="USS Hornet (CV-8)"><i>Hornet</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(CV-6)" title="USS Enterprise (CV-6)"><i>Enterprise</i></a>, which had launched the <a href="/wiki/Doolittle_Raid" title="Doolittle Raid">Doolittle Raid</a> against Tokyo. They found only empty ocean, as the American carriers had immediately departed the area to return to Hawaii. The carriers quickly abandoned the chase and dropped anchor at <a href="/wiki/Hashirajima" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashirajima">Hashirajima</a> anchorage on 22 April. Having been engaged in constant operations for four and a half months, the ship, along with the other three carriers of the First and Second Carrier Divisions, was hurriedly refitted and replenished in preparation for the <a href="/wiki/Combined_Fleet" title="Combined Fleet">Combined Fleet</a>'s next major operation, scheduled to begin one month hence.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While at Hashirajima, <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s air group was based ashore at Tomitaka Airfield, near <a href="/wiki/Saiki,_%C5%8Cita" title="Saiki, Ōita">Saiki, Ōita</a>, and conducted flight and weapons training with the other First Air Fleet carrier units.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Midway">Midway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Midway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_maneuvers_to_avoid_bombs_on_4_June_1942_(USAF-3725).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_maneuvers_to_avoid_bombs_on_4_June_1942_%28USAF-3725%29.jpg/220px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_maneuvers_to_avoid_bombs_on_4_June_1942_%28USAF-3725%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_maneuvers_to_avoid_bombs_on_4_June_1942_%28USAF-3725%29.jpg/330px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_maneuvers_to_avoid_bombs_on_4_June_1942_%28USAF-3725%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_maneuvers_to_avoid_bombs_on_4_June_1942_%28USAF-3725%29.jpg/440px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_maneuvers_to_avoid_bombs_on_4_June_1942_%28USAF-3725%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5024" data-file-height="3740" /></a><figcaption><i>Hiryū</i> circling to avoid an attack of B-17's from <a href="/wiki/Henderson_Field_(East_Midway)" title="Henderson Field (East Midway)">Sand Island</a> on Midway on the morning of 4 June</figcaption></figure> <p>Concerned by the American carrier strikes in the Marshall Islands, <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Lae-Salamaua" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Lae-Salamaua">Lae-Salamaua</a>, and the Doolittle raids, Yamamoto was determined to force the U.S. Navy into a showdown to eliminate the American carrier threat. He decided to invade and occupy <a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a>, which he was sure would draw out the American carriers to defend it. The Japanese code-named the Midway invasion Operation <i>MI</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unknown to the Japanese, the U.S. Navy had divined the Japanese plan by breaking its <a href="/wiki/JN-25" class="mw-redirect" title="JN-25">JN-25</a> code and had prepared an ambush using its three available carriers, positioned northeast of Midway.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 May 1942, <i>Hiryū</i> set out with the Combined Fleet's carrier striking force in the company of <i>Kaga</i>, <i>Akagi</i>, and <i>Sōryū</i>, which constituted the First and Second Carrier Divisions, for the attack on Midway. Her aircraft complement consisted of 18 Zeros, 18 D3As, and 18 B5Ns. Also aboard were three A6Ms of the 6th <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dk%C5%ABtai" title="Kōkūtai">Kōkūtai</a> intended as the aerial garrison for Midway.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the fleet positioned 250 nmi (460 km; 290 mi) northwest of Midway at dawn (04:45 local time) on 4 June 1942, <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s portion of the 108-plane airstrike was an attack on the facilities on <a href="/wiki/Henderson_Field_(East_Midway)" title="Henderson Field (East Midway)">Sand Island</a> with 18 torpedo bombers, one of which aborted with mechanical problems, escorted by nine Zeros. The air group suffered heavily during the attack: Two B5Ns were shot down by fighters, with a third falling victim to antiaircraft fire. Heavy damage forced a fourth, flown by squadron leader Rokuro Kikuchi, to crash-land on Kure Atoll, where he and his crew were later discovered and killed by U.S. forces. A fifth B5N was forced to <a href="/wiki/Water_landing" title="Water landing">ditch</a> on its return, and five more were damaged beyond repair. In addition, two Zeros were also deemed unserviceable, although none were lost.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The carrier also contributed three Zeros to the total of 11 assigned to the initial CAP over the four carriers. By 07:05, the carrier had six fighters with the CAP, which helped to defend the <i>Kido Butai</i> from the first U.S. attackers from Midway Island at 07:10.<sup id="cite_ref-Parshall_&_Tully,_p._500_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parshall_&_Tully,_p._500-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, Nagumo's carriers were attacked by six U.S. Navy <a href="/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger">Grumman TBF Avengers</a> and four USAAC <a href="/wiki/Martin_B-26_Marauder" title="Martin B-26 Marauder">Martin B-26 Marauders</a>, all carrying torpedoes. The Avengers went after <i>Hiryū</i> while the Marauders attacked <i>Akagi</i>. The 30 CAP Zeros in the air at this time, including the six from <i>Hiryū</i>, immediately attacked the American airplanes, shooting down five of the Avengers and two of the B-26s. The Avengers shot down one of <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Zeros. The surviving aircraft dropped their torpedoes, but all missed.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 07:15, Nagumo ordered the B5Ns on <i>Kaga</i> and <i>Akagi</i> rearmed with bombs for another attack on Midway Island. This process was slowed by the number of ordnance carts used to handle the bombs and torpedoes and the limited number of ordnance elevators. This meant that the torpedoes could not be struck below until after all the bombs were moved up from their magazine, assembled and mounted on the aircraft. This process normally took about an hour and a half; more time would be required to bring the aircraft up to the flight deck, and to warm up and launch the strike group. Around 07:40, he reversed his order when he received a message from one of his scout aircraft that American warships had been spotted. Depleted of ammunition, two of <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s CAP Zeros landed aboard the carrier at 07:40.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 07:55, the next American strike from Midway arrived in the form of 16 Marine <a href="/wiki/Douglas_SBD_Dauntless" title="Douglas SBD Dauntless">Douglas SBD Dauntless</a> dive bombers of <a href="/wiki/VMA-241" title="VMA-241">Marine Scout Bomber Squadron 241</a> (VMSB-241) under Major <a href="/wiki/Lofton_R._Henderson" title="Lofton R. Henderson">Lofton R. Henderson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s three CAP fighters were among the nine still aloft that attacked Henderson's planes, shooting down six of them as they executed a fruitless glide bombing attack on <i>Hiryū</i>. In return, the gunner of one of the Dauntlesses shot down one of <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Zeros. At roughly the same time, the Japanese carriers were attacked by 12 USAAC B-17s, bombing from 20,000 feet (6,100 m). The high altitude of the B-17s gave the Japanese captains enough time to anticipate where the bombs would land, and they successfully maneuvered out of the impact area. Four B-17s attacked <i>Hiryū</i>, but missed with all their bombs.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Hiryū</i> reinforced the CAP with launches of three more Zeros at 08:25.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These fresh Zeros helped defeat the next American air strike from Midway, 11 <a href="/wiki/Vought_SB2U_Vindicator" title="Vought SB2U Vindicator">Vought SB2U Vindicator</a> dive bombers from VMSB-241, which attacked the battleship <i>Haruna</i> starting around 08:30. <i>Haruna</i> escaped damage and three of the Vindicators were shot down.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although all the American air strikes had thus far caused negligible damage, they kept the Japanese carrier forces off-balance as Nagumo endeavored to prepare a response to news, received at 08:20, of the sighting of American carrier forces to his northeast.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Hiryū</i> began recovering her Midway strike force at around 09:00 and finished shortly by 09:10.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The landed aircraft were quickly struck below, while the carriers' crews began preparations to spot aircraft for the strike against the American carrier forces. The preparations were interrupted at 09:18, when the first attacking American carrier aircraft were sighted. These consisted of 15 <a href="/wiki/Douglas_TBD_Devastator" title="Douglas TBD Devastator">Douglas TBD Devastator</a> torpedo bombers of VT-8, led by <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Commander">Lieutenant Commander</a> <a href="/wiki/John_C._Waldron" title="John C. Waldron">John C. Waldron</a> from the <i>Hornet</i>. They attempted a torpedo attack on <i>Soryū</i>, but all of the American planes were shot down by the 18 CAP fighters, leaving one <a href="/wiki/George_H._Gay,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="George H. Gay, Jr.">surviving aviator</a> treading water.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly afterwards, 14 Devastators from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Torpedo_Squadron_6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torpedo Squadron 6 (page does not exist)">Torpedo Squadron 6 (VT-6)</a> from <i>Enterprise</i>, led by Lieutenant Commander <a href="/wiki/Eugene_E._Lindsey" title="Eugene E. Lindsey">Eugene E. Lindsey</a>, attacked. Lindsey's aircraft tried to sandwich <i>Kaga</i>, but the CAP, reinforced by four additional Zeros launched by <i>Hiryū</i> at 09:37, shot down all but four of the Devastators, and <i>Kaga</i> dodged the torpedoes. <i>Hiryū</i> launched another trio of CAP Zeros at 10:13 after <a href="/wiki/VA-35_(U.S._Navy)" title="VA-35 (U.S. Navy)">Torpedo Squadron 3 (VT-3)</a> from <i>Yorktown</i> was spotted. Two of her Zeros were shot down by Wildcats escorting VT-3 and another was forced to ditch.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Yorktown_(CV-5)_is_hit_by_a_torpedo_on_4_June_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/USS_Yorktown_%28CV-5%29_is_hit_by_a_torpedo_on_4_June_1942.jpg/220px-USS_Yorktown_%28CV-5%29_is_hit_by_a_torpedo_on_4_June_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/USS_Yorktown_%28CV-5%29_is_hit_by_a_torpedo_on_4_June_1942.jpg/330px-USS_Yorktown_%28CV-5%29_is_hit_by_a_torpedo_on_4_June_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/USS_Yorktown_%28CV-5%29_is_hit_by_a_torpedo_on_4_June_1942.jpg/440px-USS_Yorktown_%28CV-5%29_is_hit_by_a_torpedo_on_4_June_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5660" data-file-height="4467" /></a><figcaption>One of the two torpedo hits made by <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s aircraft on <a href="/wiki/USS_Yorktown_(CV-5)" title="USS Yorktown (CV-5)"><i>Yorktown</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>While VT-3 was still attacking <i>Hiryū</i>, American dive bombers arrived over the Japanese carriers almost undetected and began their dives. It was at this time, around 10:20, that in the words of Jonathan Parshall and Anthony Tully, the "Japanese air defenses would finally and catastrophically fail."<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three American dive bomber squadrons now attacked the three other carriers and set each of them on fire.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Hiryū</i> was untouched and proceeded to launch 18 D3As, escorted by six Zeros, at 10:54. <i>En route</i>, the Zeros engaged a group of <i>Enterprise</i> SBDs that they had spotted. They failed to shoot down any of the dive bombers, but two of the Zeros were shot up by the bombers' rear gunners, with one Zero forced to ditch near a destroyer on its return. American <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> detected the incoming Japanese dive bombers at 11:52 and vectored <i>Yorktown</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s CAP of 20 Wildcats against them. The Wildcats shot down three of the remaining Zeros for the loss of one of their own and engaged the D3As. Only seven of the dive bombers survived long enough to make their attack on <i>Yorktown</i> and two of those were shot down by flak during their dive, but they made three direct hits and two near misses that badly damaged the carrier and set her on fire.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Confident that his men had sunk <i>Yorktown</i>, Yamaguchi launched a second wave of ten B5Ns (including one from <i>Akagi</i>), escorted by six Zeros (two from <i>Kaga</i>), at 13:30, with the instruction that they attack a separate carrier than that hit by the first wave. However, the Americans had managed to extinguish the fires on <i>Yorktown</i> by 14:00, and the carrier was making 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph) by 14:30 when the second strike group approached. As a result, the strike pilots mistook her for one of her undamaged sisters, and launched the attack. At that moment, six Wildcats were on CAP duty, and four of these were vectored toward the attacking aircraft while the other two were retained to cover the takeoff of ten Wildcats fueling on deck. The Japanese were jumped at 14:38 by two Wildcats, which shot down one torpedo bomber before they were both shot down by the escorting Zeros (two Zeros were shot down later for the loss of one Wildcat). Four more B5Ns fell during the attack, but two of the survivors managed to score hits on <i>Yorktown</i> that damaged three boilers and knocked out all electrical power so that she could not pump fuel oil to starboard to counteract her six-degree <a href="/wiki/List_(watercraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="List (watercraft)">list</a> to port. Seventeen minutes later, after the list increased to 23 degrees, the crew was ordered to abandon ship. Of the four Zeros and five B5Ns that returned to <i>Hiryū</i>, only two Zeros and three bombers were still airworthy.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_adrift_and_burning_on_5_June_1942_(NH_73065).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_adrift_and_burning_on_5_June_1942_%28NH_73065%29.jpg/220px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_adrift_and_burning_on_5_June_1942_%28NH_73065%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_adrift_and_burning_on_5_June_1942_%28NH_73065%29.jpg/330px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_adrift_and_burning_on_5_June_1942_%28NH_73065%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_adrift_and_burning_on_5_June_1942_%28NH_73065%29.jpg/440px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_adrift_and_burning_on_5_June_1942_%28NH_73065%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3683" data-file-height="2446" /></a><figcaption><i>Hiryū</i> abandoned, but still afloat, after a scuttling attempt following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Yamaguchi radioed his intention to Nagumo at 16:30 to launch a third strike against the American carriers at dusk (approximately 18:00), but Nagumo ordered the fleet to withdraw to the west. Unbeknownst to the Japanese, <i>Enterprise</i> and <i>Hornet</i> had already launched airstrikes well before then. <i>Enterprise</i> launched a total of 26 Dauntlesses at 15:25 using her own aircraft plus those from <i>Yorktown</i> that had been forced to recover aboard her after <i>Yorktown</i> was damaged, and <i>Hornet</i> launched 16 more of her own Dauntlesses at 16:00. At this point in the battle, <i>Hiryū</i> had only four airworthy dive-bombers and five torpedo-planes left. She also retained 19 of her own fighters on board, as well as a further 13 Zeros on CAP (a composite force of survivors from the other carriers). At 16:45, <i>Enterprise</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s dive bombers spotted the Japanese carrier and began to maneuver for good attacking position while reducing altitude. At 16:56, just as the first Dauntlesses were beginning their dives, Nagumo ordered a change in course to 120 degrees, possibly to prepare to recover his reconnaissance floatplanes, that threw off the aim of the leading SBDs. The Japanese did not even spot the Americans until 17:01. The CAP shot down two of the American aircraft in their dives and another after it was forced to abort its dive when some of <i>Yorktown</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s SBDs passed in front of it, starting their own dives. <i>Hiryū</i> was struck by four 1,000-pound (450 kg) bombs, three on the forward flight deck and one on the forward elevator. The explosions started fires among the aircraft on the hangar deck. The forward half of the flight deck collapsed into the hangar while part of the elevator was hurled against the ship's <a href="/wiki/Bridge_(nautical)" title="Bridge (nautical)">bridge</a>. The fires were severe enough that the remaining American aircraft attacked the other ships escorting <i>Hiryū</i>, albeit without effect, deeming further attacks on the carrier as a waste of time, because she was aflame from <a href="/wiki/Stem_(ship)" title="Stem (ship)">stem</a> to stern. Beginning at 17:42, two groups of B-17s attempted to attack the Japanese ships without success, although one bomber strafed <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s flight deck, killing several anti-aircraft gunners.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_burning_on_5_June_1942_(NH_73064).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_burning_on_5_June_1942_%28NH_73064%29.jpg/300px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_burning_on_5_June_1942_%28NH_73064%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_burning_on_5_June_1942_%28NH_73064%29.jpg/450px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_burning_on_5_June_1942_%28NH_73064%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_burning_on_5_June_1942_%28NH_73064%29.jpg/600px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_burning_on_5_June_1942_%28NH_73064%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3846" data-file-height="2473" /></a><figcaption>The abandoned and burning <i>Hiryū</i> photographed by an <a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_B4Y" title="Yokosuka B4Y">airplane</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_H%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Hōshō">Hōshō</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Although <i>Hiryū</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s propulsion was not affected, the fires could not be brought under control. At 21:23, her engines stopped, and at 23:58 a major explosion rocked the ship. The order to abandon ship was given at 03:15, and the survivors were taken off by the destroyers <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Kazagumo" title="Japanese destroyer Kazagumo"><i>Kazagumo</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Makigumo_(1941)" title="Japanese destroyer Makigumo (1941)"><i>Makigumo</i></a>. Yamaguchi and Kaku decided to remain on board as <i>Hiryū</i> was torpedoed at 05:10 by <i>Makigumo</i> as the ship could not be salvaged. One torpedo missed and the other struck near the bow without the typical plume of water, although the detonation was quite visible. Around 07:00, one of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_H%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Hōshō"><i>Hōshō</i></a>'s <a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_B4Y" title="Yokosuka B4Y">Yokosuka B4Y</a> aircraft discovered <i>Hiryū</i> still afloat and not in any visible danger of sinking. The aviators could also see crewmen aboard the carrier, men who had not received word to abandon ship. They finally launched some of the carrier's boats and abandoned ship around 09:00. Thirty-nine men made it into the ship's <a href="/wiki/Cutter_(boat)" title="Cutter (boat)">cutter</a> only moments before <i>Hiryū</i> sank around 09:12, taking the bodies of 389 men with her. The cutter drifted for 14 days before being discovered by a <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">PBY Catalina</a> and rescued by the seaplane tender <a href="/wiki/USS_Ballard_(DD-267)" title="USS Ballard (DD-267)">USS <i>Ballard</i></a>. Four men died of their wounds or exposure before being picked up and a fifth died that night.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The loss of <i>Hiryū</i> and the three other IJN carriers at Midway, comprising two thirds of Japan's total number of fleet carriers and the experienced core of the First Air Fleet, was a strategic defeat for Japan and contributed significantly to Japan's ultimate defeat in the war. In an effort to conceal the defeat, the ship was not immediately removed from the Navy's registry of ships, instead being listed as "unmanned" before finally being struck from the registry on 25 September 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The IJN selected a modified version of the <i>Hiryū</i> design for mass production to replace the carriers lost at Midway. Of a planned program of 16 ships of the <a href="/wiki/Unry%C5%AB-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Unryū-class aircraft carrier"><i>Unryū</i> class</a>, only six were laid down and three were commissioned before the end of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Many sources show <i>Sōryū</i> and <i>Hiryū</i> as members of the same <a href="/wiki/Ship_class" title="Ship class">ship class</a> despite their differences.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This article follows those sources that treat them as related designs of separate classes.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Standard_Time" title="Japan Standard Time">Japan Standard Time</a> is 19 hours ahead of <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiian Standard Time">Hawaiian Standard Time</a>, so in Japan, the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> happened on 8 December.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">To this day there is much confusion about VMSB-241 at Midway. At that time the squadron was in transition from the obsolete SB2U Vindicator to the modern SBD-2 Dauntless and flew both aircraft during the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bōeichō Bōei Kenshūjo, p. 344</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chesneau, pp. 165–166; Parshall & Tully, pp. 470–476</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown 1977, pp. 18–21; Sturton, p. 181</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c6-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-c6_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-c6_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-c6_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chesneau 1995, p. 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-j5-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-j5_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-j5_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jentschura, Jung & Mickel, p. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown 1977, pp. 18–19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p9-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p9_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p9_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p9_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p9_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peattie, p. 241</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown18-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown18_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown18_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown 1977, p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown19-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown19_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown19_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown 1977, p. 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, pp. 192–193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pt3-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pt3_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pt3_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, p. 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown20-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown20_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown20_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown 1977, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown 1977, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stille 2007, p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, p. 200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Silverstone, p. 329</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peattie, pp. 239, 241</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h1_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h1_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h1_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h1_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h1_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hata, Izawa & Shores, p. 131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tu-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tu_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tu_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tu_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tu_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tu_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tu_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tully</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polmar & Genda, p. 162</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown 2009, pp. 116–117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stille_2011,_p._25-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stille_2011,_p._25_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stille_2011,_p._25_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stille 2011, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zimm, pp. 159–60, 164, 168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stille 2011, pp. 49, 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stille 2011, pp. 64–65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stille 2011, p. 65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown 2009, pp. 118–119</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stille 2011, pp. 66, 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sci1-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sci1_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sci1_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shores, Cull & Izawa, Vol. I, p. 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shores, Cull & Izawa, Vol. I, pp. 226, 229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shores, Cull & Izawa, Vol. II, pp. 176–182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shores, Cull & Izawa, Vol. II, pp. 307, 327</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shores, Cull & Izawa, Vol. II, pp. 392–393</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shores, Cull & Izawa, Vol. II, pp. 393–406</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shores, Cull & Izawa, Vol. II, pp. 413, 421–423, 426–429</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, pp. 10, 42, 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stille 2007, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, pp. 151, 154; Stille 2007, p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, pp. 3, 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, pp. 112, 126, 129, 200, 204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parshall_&_Tully,_p._500-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Parshall_&_Tully,_p._500_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, pp. 503–504</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, pp. 151–152, 503–504; Lundstrom, p. 337</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, pp. 156–159, 503–504</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Condon, p. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, pp. 176, 178, 180</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, p. 504</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lundstrom, p. 338</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, pp. 183–189</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, pp. 154–155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, pp. 205–209</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, pp. 213–214, 221, 224, 504</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, p. 219</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown 2009, p. 153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, pp. 262–263, 290, 292–296, 504</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, pp. 311–312, 314–316, 318</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, pp. 318–329</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, pp. 341, 343, 349–352, 355, 357, 359</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall & Tully, pp. 387–388, 419, 421</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lengerer, pp. 104–106</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bōeichō Bōei Kenshūjo (1967), <i><a href="/wiki/Senshi_S%C5%8Dsho" title="Senshi Sōsho">Senshi Sōsho</a> Hawai Sakusen</i>. Tokyo: Asagumo Shimbunsha.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrown1977" class="citation book cs1">Brown, David (1977). <i>WWII Fact Files: Aircraft Carriers</i>. New York: Arco Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-668-04164-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-668-04164-1"><bdi>0-668-04164-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WWII+Fact+Files%3A+Aircraft+Carriers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Arco+Publishing&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-668-04164-1&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2009" class="citation book cs1">Brown, J. D. (2009). <i>Carrier Operations in World War II</i>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-108-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-108-2"><bdi>978-1-59114-108-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carrier+Operations+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-59114-108-2&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=J.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1985" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, John (1985). <i>Naval Weapons of World War Two</i>. 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Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-902-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-902-2"><bdi>0-87021-902-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aircraft+Carriers+of+the+World%2C+1914+to+the+Present%3A+An+Illustrated+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.edition=New%2C+Revised&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-87021-902-2&rft.aulast=Chesneau&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faircraftcarriers00ches&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCondonn.d." class="citation book cs1">Condon, John P. (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121210201458/http://156.112.98.23/branches/mca-m.html"><i>U.S. Marine Corps Aviation</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://156.112.98.23/branches/mca-m.html">the original</a> on 10 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Marine+Corps+Aviation&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.aulast=Condon&rft.aufirst=John+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F156.112.98.23%2Fbranches%2Fmca-m.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHataIzawaShores2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ikuhiko_Hata" title="Ikuhiko Hata">Hata, Ikuhiko</a>; Izawa, Yasuho & Shores, Christopher (2011). <i>Japanese Naval Air Force Fighter Units and Their Aces 1932–1945</i>. London: Grub Street. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906502-84-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906502-84-3"><bdi>978-1-906502-84-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Naval+Air+Force+Fighter+Units+and+Their+Aces+1932%E2%80%931945&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Grub+Street&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-906502-84-3&rft.aulast=Hata&rft.aufirst=Ikuhiko&rft.au=Izawa%2C+Yasuho&rft.au=Shores%2C+Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJentschuraJungMickel1977" class="citation book cs1">Jentschura, Hansgeorg; Jung, Dieter & Mickel, Peter (1977). <i>Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945</i>. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-893-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-893-X"><bdi>0-87021-893-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warships+of+the+Imperial+Japanese+Navy%2C+1869%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=United+States+Naval+Institute&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-87021-893-X&rft.aulast=Jentschura&rft.aufirst=Hansgeorg&rft.au=Jung%2C+Dieter&rft.au=Mickel%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLengerer2010" class="citation book cs1">Lengerer, Hans (2010). "<i>Katsuragi</i> and the Failure of Mass Production of Medium Sized Aircraft Carriers". In Jordan, John (ed.). <i>Warship 2010</i>. London: Conway. pp. 103–121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84486-110-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84486-110-1"><bdi>978-1-84486-110-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Katsuragi+and+the+Failure+of+Mass+Production+of+Medium+Sized+Aircraft+Carriers&rft.btitle=Warship+2010&rft.place=London&rft.pages=103-121&rft.pub=Conway&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84486-110-1&rft.aulast=Lengerer&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLundstrom2005" class="citation book cs1">Lundstrom, John B. (2005). <i>The First Team: Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway</i> (New ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59114-471-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-59114-471-X"><bdi>1-59114-471-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Team%3A+Pacific+Naval+Air+Combat+from+Pearl+Harbor+to+Midway&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-59114-471-X&rft.aulast=Lundstrom&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParshallTully2005" class="citation book cs1">Parshall, Jonathan & Tully, Anthony (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shatteredswordun0000pars"><i>Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway</i></a>. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57488-923-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-57488-923-0"><bdi>1-57488-923-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shattered+Sword%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+the+Battle+of+Midway&rft.place=Dulles%2C+Virginia&rft.pub=Potomac+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-57488-923-0&rft.aulast=Parshall&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Tully%2C+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshatteredswordun0000pars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeattie2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Peattie" title="Mark Peattie">Peattie, Mark</a> (2001). <i>Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power 1909–1941</i>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-432-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-432-6"><bdi>1-55750-432-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sunburst%3A+The+Rise+of+Japanese+Naval+Air+Power+1909%E2%80%931941&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-55750-432-6&rft.aulast=Peattie&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolmarGenda2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Polmar, Norman & <a href="/wiki/Minoru_Genda" title="Minoru Genda">Genda, Minoru</a> (2006). <i>Aircraft Carriers: A History of Carrier Aviation and Its Influence on World Events</i>. Vol. 1, 1909–1945. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57488-663-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-57488-663-0"><bdi>1-57488-663-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aircraft+Carriers%3A+A+History+of+Carrier+Aviation+and+Its+Influence+on+World+Events&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Potomac+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-57488-663-0&rft.aulast=Polmar&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.au=Genda%2C+Minoru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoresCullIzawa1992" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Shores, Christopher; Cull, Brian & Izawa, Yasuho (1992). <i>Bloody Shambles</i>. Vol. I: The Drift to War to the Fall of Singapore. London: Grub Street. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-948817-50-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-948817-50-X"><bdi>0-948817-50-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bloody+Shambles&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Grub+Street&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-948817-50-X&rft.aulast=Shores&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Cull%2C+Brian&rft.au=Izawa%2C+Yasuho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoresCullIzawa1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Shores, Christopher; Cull, Brian & Izawa, Yasuho (1993). <i>Bloody Shambles</i>. Vol. II: The Defence of Sumatra to the Fall of Burma. London: Grub Street. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-948817-67-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-948817-67-4"><bdi>0-948817-67-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bloody+Shambles&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Grub+Street&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-948817-67-4&rft.aulast=Shores&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Cull%2C+Brian&rft.au=Izawa%2C+Yasuho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverstone1984" class="citation book cs1">Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). <i>Directory of the World's Capital Ships</i>. New York: Hippocrene Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88254-979-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88254-979-0"><bdi>0-88254-979-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Directory+of+the+World%27s+Capital+Ships&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hippocrene+Books&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-88254-979-0&rft.aulast=Silverstone&rft.aufirst=Paul+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStille2011" class="citation book cs1">Stille, Mark (2011). <i>Tora! Tora! Tora!: Pearl Harbor 1941</i>. Raid. Vol. 26. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-509-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-509-0"><bdi>978-1-84908-509-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tora%21+Tora%21+Tora%21%3A+Pearl+Harbor+1941&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.series=Raid&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84908-509-0&rft.aulast=Stille&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStille2007" class="citation book cs1">Stille, Mark (2007). <i>USN Carriers vs IJN Carriers: The Pacific 1942</i>. Duel. Vol. 6. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-248-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-248-6"><bdi>978-1-84603-248-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=USN+Carriers+vs+IJN+Carriers%3A+The+Pacific+1942&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.series=Duel&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-248-6&rft.aulast=Stille&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSturton1980" class="citation book cs1">Sturton, Ian (1980). "Japan". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.). <i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946</i>. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-146-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-146-7"><bdi>0-85177-146-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Japan&rft.btitle=Conway%27s+All+the+World%27s+Fighting+Ships+1922%E2%80%931946&rft.place=Greenwich%2C+UK&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-85177-146-7&rft.aulast=Sturton&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTully2000" class="citation web cs1">Tully, Anthony P. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.combinedfleet.com/hiryu.htm">"IJN Hiryu: Tabular Record of Movement"</a>. <i>Kido Butai</i>. Combinedfleet.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kido+Butai&rft.atitle=IJN+Hiryu%3A+Tabular+Record+of+Movement&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Tully&rft.aufirst=Anthony+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.combinedfleet.com%2Fhiryu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimm2011" class="citation book cs1">Zimm, Alan D. (2011). <i>Attack on Pearl Harbor: Strategy, Combat, Myths, Deceptions</i>. Havertown, Pennsylvania: Casemate Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61200-010-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61200-010-7"><bdi>978-1-61200-010-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Attack+on+Pearl+Harbor%3A+Strategy%2C+Combat%2C+Myths%2C+Deceptions&rft.place=Havertown%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Casemate+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-61200-010-7&rft.aulast=Zimm&rft.aufirst=Alan+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilanovich2022" class="citation book cs1">Milanovich, Kathrin (2022). "The IJN Carriers <i>Sōryū</i> and <i>Hiryū</i>". In Jordan, John (ed.). <i>Warship 2022</i>. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. pp. 47–62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-4781-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-4781-2"><bdi>978-1-4728-4781-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+IJN+Carriers+S%C5%8Dry%C5%AB+and+Hiry%C5%AB&rft.btitle=Warship+2022&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=47-62&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-4728-4781-2&rft.aulast=Milanovich&rft.aufirst=Kathrin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+aircraft+carrier+Hiry%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hiry%C5%AB_(ship,_1939)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hiryū (ship, 1939)"><i>Hiryu</i></a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2db.com/ship_spec.php?ship_id=12">WW2DB: Hiryu</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/loss.html">Dutch Maritime Disasters in the Dutch East Indies, 1941–1942</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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.navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWII_Japanese_ships" title="Template:WWII Japanese ships"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWII_Japanese_ships" title="Template talk:WWII Japanese ships"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Akagi" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Akagi"><i>Akagi</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Kaga" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Kaga"><i>Kaga</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_S%C5%8Dry%C5%AB" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Sōryū"><i>Sōryū</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Hiryū</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dkaku-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Shōkaku-class aircraft carrier"><i>Shōkaku</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiy%C5%8D-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Hiyō-class aircraft carrier"><i>Hiyō</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>C</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Taih%C5%8D" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Taihō"><i>Taihō</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unry%C5%AB-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Unryū-class aircraft carrier"><i>Unryū</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Shinano" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano"><i>Shinano</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Light_aircraft_carrier" title="Light aircraft carrier">Light aircraft carriers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_H%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Hōshō"><i>Hōshō</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Ry%C5%ABj%C5%8D" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūjō"><i>Ryūjō</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuih%C5%8D-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Zuihō-class aircraft carrier"><i>Zuihō</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>C</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Ry%C5%ABh%C5%8D" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūhō"><i>Ryūhō</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitose-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Chitose-class aircraft carrier"><i>Chitose</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>C</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Ibuki_(1943)" title="Japanese cruiser Ibuki (1943)"><i>Ibuki</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SCI</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Escort_carrier" title="Escort carrier">Escort carriers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiy%C5%8D-class_escort_carrier" title="Taiyō-class escort carrier"><i>Taiyō</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>C</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Kaiy%C5%8D" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Kaiyō"><i>Kaiyō</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Shin%27y%C5%8D" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Shin'yō"><i>Shin'yō</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimane_Maru-class_escort_carrier" title="Shimane Maru-class escort carrier"><i>Shimane Maru</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>C</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">Battleships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawachi-class_battleship" title="Kawachi-class battleship"><i>Kawachi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kong%C5%8D-class_battlecruiser" title="Kongō-class battlecruiser"><i>Kongō</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fus%C5%8D-class_battleship" title="Fusō-class battleship"><i>Fusō</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ise-class_battleship" title="Ise-class battleship"><i>Ise</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagato-class_battleship" title="Nagato-class battleship"><i>Nagato</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato-class_battleship" title="Yamato-class battleship"><i>Yamato</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_A-150_battleship" title="Design A-150 battleship">Design A-150</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_cruiser" title="Heavy cruiser">Heavy cruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furutaka-class_cruiser" title="Furutaka-class cruiser"><i>Furutaka</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aoba-class_cruiser" title="Aoba-class cruiser"><i>Aoba</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My%C5%8Dk%C5%8D-class_cruiser" title="Myōkō-class cruiser"><i>Myōkō</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takao-class_cruiser" title="Takao-class cruiser"><i>Takao</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogami-class_cruiser" title="Mogami-class cruiser"><i>Mogami</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>L</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tone-class_cruiser" title="Tone-class cruiser"><i>Tone</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibuki-class_cruiser" title="Ibuki-class cruiser"><i>Ibuki</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>I</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Armored_cruiser" title="Armored cruiser">Armored cruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Asama" title="Japanese cruiser Asama"><i>Asama</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Yakumo" title="Japanese cruiser Yakumo"><i>Yakumo</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izumo-class_cruiser" title="Izumo-class cruiser"><i>Izumo</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">Light cruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenry%C5%AB-class_cruiser" title="Tenryū-class cruiser"><i>Tenryū</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuma-class_cruiser" title="Kuma-class cruiser"><i>Kuma</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagara-class_cruiser" title="Nagara-class cruiser"><i>Nagara</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Y%C5%ABbari" title="Japanese cruiser Yūbari"><i>Yūbari</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sendai-class_cruiser" title="Sendai-class cruiser"><i>Sendai</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katori-class_cruiser" title="Katori-class cruiser"><i>Katori</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agano-class_cruiser" title="Agano-class cruiser"><i>Agano</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_%C5%8Cyodo" title="Japanese cruiser Ōyodo"><i>Ōyodo</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioshima-class_cruiser" title="Ioshima-class cruiser"><i>Ioshima</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Protected_cruiser" title="Protected cruiser">Protected cruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yodo-class_cruiser" title="Yodo-class cruiser"><i>Yodo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikuma-class_cruiser" title="Chikuma-class cruiser"><i>Chikuma</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">Destroyers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1st class</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minekaze-class_destroyer" title="Minekaze-class destroyer"><i>Minekaze</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamikaze-class_destroyer_(1922)" title="Kamikaze-class destroyer (1922)"><i>Kamikaze</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutsuki-class_destroyer" title="Mutsuki-class destroyer"><i>Mutsuki</i></a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Type_Special" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Type Special</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fubuki-class_destroyer" title="Fubuki-class destroyer"><i>Fubuki</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fubuki-class_destroyer#Type_II_(Ayanami)" title="Fubuki-class destroyer"><i>Ayanami</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akatsuki-class_destroyer_(1931)" title="Akatsuki-class destroyer (1931)"><i>Akatsuki</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatsuharu-class_destroyer" title="Hatsuharu-class destroyer"><i>Hatsuharu</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiratsuyu-class_destroyer" title="Shiratsuyu-class destroyer"><i>Shiratsuyu</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asashio-class_destroyer" title="Asashio-class destroyer"><i>Asashio</i></a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Type A</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kager%C5%8D-class_destroyer" title="Kagerō-class destroyer"><i>Kagerō</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABgumo-class_destroyer" title="Yūgumo-class destroyer"><i>Yūgumo</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Type B</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akizuki-class_destroyer_(1942)" title="Akizuki-class destroyer (1942)"><i>Akizuki</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akizuki-class_destroyer_(1942)#Fuyutsuki_class" title="Akizuki-class destroyer (1942)"><i>Fuyutsuki</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akizuki-class_destroyer_(1942)#Michitsuki_class" title="Akizuki-class destroyer (1942)"><i>Michitsuki</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Akizuki-class_destroyer" title="Super Akizuki-class destroyer">Super <i>Akizuki</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Type C</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Shimakaze_(1942)" title="Japanese destroyer Shimakaze (1942)"><i>Shimakaze</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Shimakaze-class_destroyer" title="Super Shimakaze-class destroyer">Super <i>Shimakaze</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Type D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsu-class_destroyer" title="Matsu-class destroyer"><i>Matsu</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachibana-class_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tachibana-class destroyer"><i>Tachibana</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">2nd class</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Momo-class_destroyer" title="Momo-class destroyer"><i>Momo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momi-class_destroyer" title="Momi-class destroyer"><i>Momi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakatake-class_destroyer" title="Wakatake-class destroyer"><i>Wakatake</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boat" title="Torpedo boat">Torpedo boats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chidori-class_torpedo_boat" title="Chidori-class torpedo boat"><i>Chidori</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctori-class_torpedo_boat" title="Ōtori-class torpedo boat"><i>Ōtori</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Kaib%C5%8Dkan" title="Kaibōkan">Escort ships</a><br />(Kaibōkan)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Type A</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shimushu-class_escort_ship" title="Shimushu-class escort ship"><i>Shimushu</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etorofu-class_escort_ship" title="Etorofu-class escort ship"><i>Etorofu</i></a> (A Kai)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Type B</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikura-class_escort_ship" title="Mikura-class escort ship"><i>Mikura</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiburi-class_escort_ship" title="Hiburi-class escort ship"><i>Hiburi</i></a> (B bis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukuru-class_escort_ship" title="Ukuru-class escort ship"><i>Ukuru</i></a> (B Kai)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Type C</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Type_C_escort_ship" title="Type C escort ship"><i>Number 1</i></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Type D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Type_D_escort_ship" title="Type D escort ship"><i>Number 2</i></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ioshima-class_cruiser" title="Ioshima-class cruiser"><i>Ioshima</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>C</sup></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1st class</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Kaidai_type_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaidai type submarine">Kaidai Type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidai-type_submarine#Kaidai_I_(I-51_class)" title="Kaidai-type submarine"><i>I-51</i> (KD1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidai-type_submarine#Kaidai_II_(I-152_class)" title="Kaidai-type submarine"><i>I-152</i> (KD2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidai-type_submarine#Kaidai_IIIa/b_(I-153_class_and_I-156_class)" title="Kaidai-type submarine"><i>I-153</i> (KD3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidai-type_submarine#Kaidai_IV_(I-61/162_class)" title="Kaidai-type submarine"><i>I-162</i> (KD4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidai-type_submarine#Kaidai_V_(I-165_class)" title="Kaidai-type submarine"><i>I-165</i> (KD5)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidai-type_submarine#Kaidai_VIa/b_(I-168_class_and_I-174_class)" title="Kaidai-type submarine"><i>I-168</i> (KD6)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidai-type_submarine#Kaidai_VII_(I-176_class)" title="Kaidai-type submarine"><i>I-176</i> (KD7)</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Junsen_type_submarine" title="Junsen type submarine">Junsen Type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Type_J1_submarine" title="Type J1 submarine"><i>I-1</i> (J1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junsen_type_submarine#Junsen_I_Mod_(I-5_class)" title="Junsen type submarine"><i>I-5</i> (J1 Kai)</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junsen_type_submarine#Junsen_II_(I-6_class)" title="Junsen type submarine"><i>I-6</i> (J2)</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junsen_type_submarine#Junsen_III_(I-7_class)" title="Junsen type submarine"><i>I-7</i> (J3)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Type_A_submarine" title="Type A submarine">Junsen Type A</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Type_A1_submarine" title="Type A1 submarine"><i>I-9</i> (A1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_A2_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Type A2 submarine"><i>I-12</i> (A Kai 1)</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_AM_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Type AM submarine"><i>I-13</i> (A Kai 2)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Type_B_submarine" title="Type B submarine">Junsen Type B</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Type_B1_submarine" title="Type B1 submarine"><i>I-15</i> (B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_B1_submarine#Type-B_Mod.1" title="Type B1 submarine"><i>I-40</i> (B Kai 1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_B1_submarine#Type-B_Mod.2_(I-54_class)" title="Type B1 submarine"><i>I-54</i> (B Kai 2)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Type_C_submarine" title="Type C submarine">Junsen Type C</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Type_C_submarine" title="Type C submarine"><i>I-16</i> (C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-52-class_submarine" title="I-52-class submarine"><i>I-52</i> (C Kai)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Type_D_submarine" title="Type D submarine">Type D/Sen'yu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Type_D_submarine#I-361_class" title="Type D submarine"><i>I-361</i> (D)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_D_submarine#I-372_class" title="Type D submarine"><i>I-372</i> (D Kai)</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_D_submarine#I-373_class" title="Type D submarine"><i>I-373</i> (D2)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I-121-class_submarine" title="I-121-class submarine"><i>I-121</i> (Kiraisen Type)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-351-class_submarine" title="I-351-class submarine"><i>I-351</i> (Senho Type)</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-201-class_submarine" title="I-201-class submarine"><i>I-201</i> (Sentaka-Dai Type)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-400-class_submarine" title="I-400-class submarine"><i>I-400</i> (Sentoku Type)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-181" title="German submarine U-181"><i>I-501</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-862" title="German submarine U-862"><i>I-502</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_submarine_Comandante_Cappellini" title="Italian submarine Comandante Cappellini"><i>I-503</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_submarine_Luigi_Torelli" title="Italian submarine Luigi Torelli"><i>I-504</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-219" title="German submarine U-219"><i>I-505</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-195" title="German submarine U-195"><i>I-506</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">2nd class</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Kaich%C5%AB_type_submarine" title="Kaichū type submarine">Kaichū Type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaich%C5%AB_type_submarine#Kaichū_I_(Ro-11_class)" title="Kaichū type submarine"><i>Ro-11</i> (K1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaich%C5%AB_type_submarine#Kaichū_II_(Ro-13_class)" title="Kaichū type submarine"><i>Ro-13</i> (K2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaich%C5%AB_type_submarine#Kaichū_III_(Ro-16_class)" title="Kaichū type submarine"><i>Ro-16</i> (K3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaich%C5%AB_type_submarine#Kaichū_IV_(Ro-26_class)" title="Kaichū type submarine"><i>Ro-26</i> (K4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaich%C5%AB_type_submarine#Kaichū_V_(Toku-Chū,_Ro-29_class)" title="Kaichū type submarine"><i>Ro-29</i> (K5/Toku-Chū)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaich%C5%AB_type_submarine#Kaichū_VI_(Ro-33_class)" title="Kaichū type submarine"><i>Ro-33</i> (K6)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaich%C5%AB_type_submarine#Kaichū_VII_(Sen-Chū,_Ro-35_class)" title="Kaichū type submarine"><i>Ro-35</i> (K7/Sen-Chū)</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Type_L_submarine" title="Japanese Type L submarine">Type L</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Type_L_submarine#Type_L1_(Ro-51-class)" title="Japanese Type L submarine"><i>Ro-51</i> (L1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Type_L_submarine#Type_L2_(Ro-53-class)" title="Japanese Type L submarine"><i>Ro-53</i> (L2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Type_L_submarine#Type_L3_(Ro-57-class)" title="Japanese Type L submarine"><i>Ro-57</i> (L3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Type_L_submarine#Type_L4_(Ro-60-class)" title="Japanese Type L submarine"><i>Ro-60</i> (L4)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ro-100-class_submarine" title="Ro-100-class submarine"><i>Ro-100</i> (Sen-Shō Type)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha-101-class_submarine" title="Ha-101-class submarine"><i>Ha-101</i> (Sen'yu-Shō Type)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha-201-class_submarine" title="Ha-201-class submarine"><i>Ha-201</i> (Sentaka-Shō Type)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-511" title="German submarine U-511"><i>Ro-500</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1224" title="German submarine U-1224"><i>Ro-501</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Midget_submarine" title="Midget submarine">Midget</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_A_K%C5%8D-hy%C5%8Dteki-class_submarine" title="Type A Kō-hyōteki-class submarine">Kō-hyōteki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kairy%C5%AB-class_submarine" title="Kairyū-class submarine">Kairyū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiten" title="Kaiten">Kaiten</a> (suicide <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedo</a>)</li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Submarine_tender" title="Submarine tender">Submarine tenders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_tender_Komahashi" title="Japanese submarine tender Komahashi"><i>Komahashi</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Ry%C5%ABh%C5%8D#as_the_submarine_tender_Taigei" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūhō">Taigei</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingei-class_submarine_tender" title="Jingei-class submarine tender"><i>Jingei</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heian_Maru_(1930)" title="Heian Maru (1930)">Heian Maru</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Seaplane_tender" title="Seaplane tender">Seaplane tenders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_seaplane_tender_Notoro" title="Japanese seaplane tender Notoro"><i>Notoro</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_seaplane_tender_Kamoi" title="Japanese seaplane tender Kamoi"><i>Kamoi</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitose-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Chitose-class aircraft carrier"><i>Chitose</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_seaplane_carrier_Mizuho" title="Japanese seaplane carrier Mizuho"><i>Mizuho</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_seaplane_carrier_Nisshin" title="Japanese seaplane carrier Nisshin"><i>Nisshin</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_seaplane_tender_Akitsushima" title="Japanese seaplane tender Akitsushima"><i>Akitsushima</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamikawa_Maru-class_seaplane_tender" title="Kamikawa Maru-class seaplane tender"><i>Kamikawa Maru</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>C</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Gunboat" title="Gunboat">Gunboats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ocean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_gunboat_Saga" title="Japanese gunboat Saga"><i>Saga</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_gunboat_Ataka" title="Japanese gunboat Ataka"><i>Ataka</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashidate-class_gunboat" title="Hashidate-class gunboat"><i>Hashidate</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_minelayer_Lepanto" title="Italian minelayer Lepanto"><i>Okitsu</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">River</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_gunboat_Toba" title="Japanese gunboat Toba"><i>Toba</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seta-class_gunboat" title="Seta-class gunboat"><i>Seta</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atami-class_gunboat" title="Atami-class gunboat"><i>Atami</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushimi-class_gunboat" title="Fushimi-class gunboat"><i>Fushimi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_gunboat_Kotaka" title="Japanese gunboat Kotaka"><i>Kotaka</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Luzon_(PG-47)" title="USS Luzon (PG-47)"><i>Karatsu</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_gunboat_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portuguese gunboat Macau (page does not exist)"><i>Maiko</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_gunboat_Ermanno_Carlotto" title="Italian gunboat Ermanno Carlotto"><i>Narumi</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Moth_(1915)" title="HMS Moth (1915)"><i>Suma</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Wake_(PR-3)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Wake (PR-3)"><i>Tatara</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Small craft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toku_Daihatsu-class_landing_craft" title="Toku Daihatsu-class landing craft">Toku Daihatsu</a> (landing craft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin%27y%C5%8D-class_suicide_motorboat" class="mw-redirect" title="Shin'yō-class suicide motorboat">Shin'yō</a> (suicide boat)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Imperial_Japanese_Army" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Escort_carrier" title="Escort carrier">Escort carriers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamashio_Maru-class_escort_carrier" title="Yamashio Maru-class escort carrier"><i>Yamashio Maru</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Landing_craft_carrier" title="Landing craft carrier">Landing craft carriers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_amphibious_assault_ship_Shinsh%C5%AB_Maru" title="Japanese amphibious assault ship Shinshū Maru"><i>Shinshū Maru</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Type C</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Akitsu_Maru" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Akitsu Maru"><i>Akitsu Maru</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_landing_craft_carrier_Nigitsu_Maru" title="Japanese landing craft carrier Nigitsu Maru"><i>Nigitsu Maru</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">M Type C</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Kumano_Maru" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Kumano Maru"><i>Kumano Maru</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokitsu_Maru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokitsu Maru (page does not exist)">Tokitsu Maru</a></i> <span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SCI</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Type A</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mayasan_Maru" title="Mayasan Maru">Mayasan Maru</a></i> <span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamatsu_Maru" title="Tamatsu Maru">Tamatsu Maru</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">M Type A</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kibitsu_Maru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kibitsu Maru (page does not exist)">Kibitsu Maru</a></i> <span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyug%C5%AB_Maru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyugū Maru (page does not exist)">Hyugū Maru</a></i> <span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Settsu_Maru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Settsu Maru (page does not exist)">Settsu Maru</a></i> <span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>SC</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Type B</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takatsu_Maru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takatsu Maru (page does not exist)">Takatsu Maru</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Type_3_submergence_transport_vehicle" title="Type 3 submergence transport vehicle"><i>Maru Yu</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Small craft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu-class_landing_craft" title="Daihatsu-class landing craft">Daihatsu</a> (landing craft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dk%C5%8Dtei-class_armored_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sōkōtei-class armored boat">Sōkōtei</a> (armored <a href="/wiki/Gunboat" title="Gunboat">gunboat</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><b>S</b>: Single ship in class</span> <span class="nowrap"><b>C</b>: Converted to ship type</span> <span class="nowrap"><b>L</b>: Officially classed as light cruisers until 1939 refits</span> <span class="nowrap"><b>I</b>: Incomplete until the end of the war</span> <span class="nowrap"><b>X</b>: Cancelled</span><br /> Japanese transcription: <b>class/type</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">型</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">"Gata"</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, <b>(re)model/mark</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">改</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">"Kai"</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, <b>A</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">甲</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">"Kō"</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, <b>B</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">乙</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">"Otsu"</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, <b>C</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">丙</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">"Hei"</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, <b>D</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">丁</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">"Tei"</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pearl_Harbor_attack" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pearl_Harbor_attack" title="Template:Pearl Harbor attack"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pearl_Harbor_attack" title="Template talk:Pearl Harbor attack"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pearl_Harbor_attack" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pearl Harbor attack"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pearl_Harbor_attack" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor attack</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attack</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Prelude to the attack on Pearl Harbor">Prelude to the attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_battle_of_the_Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of battle of the Attack on Pearl Harbor">Order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_ships_present_at_Pearl_Harbor,_December_7,_1941" title="List of United States Navy ships present at Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941">Present US ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battleship_Row" title="Battleship Row">Battleship Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niihau_incident" title="Niihau incident">Niihau incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japanese<br />carriers<br />involved</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Akagi" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Akagi">Akagi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Kaga" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Kaga">Kaga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_S%C5%8Dry%C5%AB" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Sōryū">Sōryū</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hiryū</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Sh%C5%8Dkaku" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Shōkaku">Shōkaku</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Zuikaku" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Zuikaku">Zuikaku</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States<br />ships sunk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Arizona_(BB-39)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Arizona (BB-39)"><i>Arizona</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Arizona_salvaged_artifacts" title="USS Arizona salvaged artifacts">salvaged artifacts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_California_(BB-44)" title="USS California (BB-44)"><i>California</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Oglala" title="USS Oglala"><i>Oglala</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Oklahoma_(BB-37)" title="USS Oklahoma (BB-37)"><i>Oklahoma</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Shaw_(DD-373)" title="USS Shaw (DD-373)"><i>Shaw</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Sotoyomo_(YTM-9)" title="USS Sotoyomo (YTM-9)"><i>Sotoyomo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Utah_(BB-31)" title="USS Utah (BB-31)"><i>Utah</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)" title="USS West Virginia (BB-48)"><i>West Virginia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YFD-2" title="YFD-2"><i>YFD-2</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consequences_of_the_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor">Consequences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoroku_Yamamoto%27s_sleeping_giant_quote" title="Isoroku Yamamoto's sleeping giant quote">Sleeping giant quote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Infamy_speech" title="Day of Infamy speech">Day of Infamy speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Japan" title="United States declaration of war on Japan">U.S. declaration of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_on_Japan" title="United Kingdom declaration of war on Japan">U.K. declaration of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Commissions" title="Roberts Commissions">Roberts Commissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Committee_on_the_Investigation_of_the_Pearl_Harbor_Attack" title="United States Congressional Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack">Pearl Harbor Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Medal_of_Honor_recipients_for_the_Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Attack on Pearl Harbor">Medal of Honor recipients</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Remembrance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Pearl_Harbor_Remembrance_Day" title="National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day">Remembrance Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Arizona_Memorial" title="USS Arizona Memorial">USS <i>Arizona</i> Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_Survivors_Association" title="Pearl Harbor Survivors Association">Survivors Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_Commemorative_Medal" title="Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal">Commemorative Medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Crisis:_The_Japanese_Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_and_Southeast_Asia" title="Crisis: The Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor and Southeast Asia">Crisis: The Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor and Southeast Asia</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Days_of_Infamy_series" title="Days of Infamy series"><i>Days of Infamy</i> series</a> (2004–05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War_series" title="Pacific War series"><i>Pacific War</i> series</a> (2007–08)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Secret_Agent_of_Japan" title="Secret Agent of Japan">Secret Agent of Japan</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_War_at_Sea_from_Hawaii_to_Malaya" title="The War at Sea from Hawaii to Malaya">The War at Sea from Hawaii to Malaya</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_(film)" title="Air Force (film)">Air Force</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/This_Is_the_Army" title="This Is the Army">This Is the Army</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/December_7th_(film)" title="December 7th (film)">December 7th</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_(film)" title="Task Force (film)">Task Force</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_Here_to_Eternity" title="From Here to Eternity">From Here to Eternity</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolt_of_Mamie_Stover_(film)" title="The Revolt of Mamie Stover (film)">The Revolt of Mamie Stover</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Storm_Over_the_Pacific" title="Storm Over the Pacific">Storm Over the Pacific</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Harm%27s_Way" title="In Harm's Way">In Harm's Way</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tora!_Tora!_Tora!" title="Tora! Tora! Tora!">Tora! Tora! Tora!</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1941_(film)" title="1941 (film)">1941</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Countdown_(film)" title="The Final Countdown (film)">The Final Countdown</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_(film)" title="Pearl Harbor (film)">Pearl Harbor</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Midway_(2019_film)" title="Midway (2019 film)">Midway</a></i> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulnerability_of_Pearl_Harbor_in_1941" title="Vulnerability of Pearl Harbor in 1941">Vulnerability of Pearl Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_advance-knowledge_conspiracy_theory" title="Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory">Advance-knowledge conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_in_popular_culture" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor in popular culture">In popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_June_1942" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:June_1942_shipwrecks" title="Template:June 1942 shipwrecks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:June_1942_shipwrecks" title="Template talk:June 1942 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:June_1942_shipwrecks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:June 1942 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_June_1942" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in June 1942</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_June_1942" title="List of shipwrecks in June 1942">Shipwrecks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1 Jun: <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Kuttabul_(ship)" title="HMAS Kuttabul (ship)">HMAS <i>Kuttabul</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Malm%C3%B6_(1918)" title="SS Malmö (1918)"><i>Malmö</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2 Jun: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-652" title="German submarine U-652"><i>U-652</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">3 Jun: <a href="/wiki/USS_Bunting_(AMc-7)" title="USS Bunting (AMc-7)">USS <i>Bunting</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Iron_Chieftain" title="SS Iron Chieftain"><i>Iron Chieftain</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Northwestern" title="SS Northwestern"><i>Northwestern</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">4 Jun: <a href="/wiki/SS_Iron_Crown" title="SS Iron Crown"><i>Iron Crown</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Kaga" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Kaga"><i>Kaga</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_S%C5%8Dry%C5%AB" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Sōryū"><i>Sōryū</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">5 Jun: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Akagi" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Akagi"><i>Akagi</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/MV_C._O._Stillman" title="MV C. O. Stillman"><i>C.O. Stillman</i></a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Hiryū</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">6 Jun: <a href="/wiki/USS_Hammann_(DD-412)" title="USS Hammann (DD-412)">USS <i>Hammann</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Mikuma" title="Japanese cruiser Mikuma"><i>Mikuma</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">7 Jun: <a href="/wiki/SS_Coast_Trader" title="SS Coast Trader"><i>Coast Trader</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Edith_(ID-3459)" title="USS Edith (ID-3459)"><i>Edith</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Gannet_(AM-41)" title="USS Gannet (AM-41)">USS <i>Gannet</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Yorktown_(CV-5)" title="USS Yorktown (CV-5)">USS <i>Yorktown</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">8 Jun: <a href="/wiki/SS_Agios_Georgios_IV" title="SS Agios Georgios IV"><i>Agios Georgios IV</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Said" title="SS Said"><i>Said</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">10 Jun: <a href="/wiki/MS_Abkhazia" title="MS Abkhazia"><i>Abkhazia</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Empire_Clough" title="SS Empire Clough"><i>Empire Clough</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">12 Jun: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Grove_(L77)" title="HMS Grove (L77)">HMS <i>Grove</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">13 Jun: <a href="/wiki/MS_Gruziya" title="MS Gruziya"><i>Gruziya</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Supetar" title="SS Supetar"><i>Supetar</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-157_(1941)" title="German submarine U-157 (1941)"><i>U-157</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">15 Jun: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Airedale" title="HMS Airedale">HMS <i>Airedale</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Bedouin" title="HMS Bedouin">HMS <i>Bedouin</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_City_of_Oxford" title="SS City of Oxford"><i>City of Oxford</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hasty_(H24)" title="HMS Hasty (H24)">HMS <i>Hasty</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Thurso" title="SS Thurso"><i>Thurso</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_cruiser_Trento" title="Italian cruiser Trento"><i>Trento</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">16 Jun: <a href="/wiki/SS_Argo_(1898_Napier)" title="SS Argo (1898 Napier)"><i>Argo</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hermione_(74)" title="HMS Hermione (74)">HMS <i>Hermione</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/ORP_Kujawiak_(L72)" title="ORP Kujawiak (L72)">ORP <i>Kujawiak</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Managua_(1919)" title="SS Managua (1919)"><i>Managua</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Nestor_(G02)" title="HMAS Nestor (G02)">HMAS <i>Nestor</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Port_Nicholson_(1918)" title="SS Port Nicholson (1918)"><i>Port Nicholson</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">17 Jun: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Wild_Swan_(D62)" title="HMS Wild Swan (D62)">HMS <i>Wild Swan</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Jun: <a href="/wiki/MV_Macdhui_(1930)" title="MV Macdhui (1930)"><i>Macdhui</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">19 Jun: <a href="/wiki/USS_S-27" title="USS S-27">USS <i>S-27</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_submarine_Shch-214" title="Soviet submarine Shch-214"><i>Shch-214</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_YP-389" title="USS YP-389">USS <i>YP-389</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nissan_Maru" title="Nissan Maru">Nissan Maru</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">20 Jun: <a href="/wiki/SS_Fort_Camosun" title="SS Fort Camosun"><i>Fort Camosun</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">21 Jun: <a href="/wiki/USS_R-19_(SS-96)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS R-19 (SS-96)">HMS <i>P514</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMSAS_Parktown_(T39)" title="HMSAS Parktown (T39)">HMSAS <i>Parktown</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">22 Jun: <a href="/wiki/SS_Rio_Tercero" title="SS Rio Tercero"><i>Rio Tercero</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">23 Jun: <a href="/wiki/USS_West_Elcasco_(ID-3661)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS West Elcasco (ID-3661)">USAT <i>Major General Henry Gibbins</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Resolute_(schooner)" title="Resolute (schooner)"><i>Resolute</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">25 Jun: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Yamakaze_(1936)" title="Japanese destroyer Yamakaze (1936)"><i>Yamakaze</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">26 Jun: <a href="/wiki/MV_Putney_Hill" title="MV Putney Hill"><i>Putney Hill</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">27 Jun: <a href="/wiki/SS_Las_Choapas" title="SS Las Choapas"><i>Las Choapas</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Tuxpam_(Mexican_oil_tanker)" title="SS Tuxpam (Mexican oil tanker)"><i>Tuxpam</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">29 Jun: <a href="/wiki/Italian_aviso_Diana" title="Italian aviso Diana"><i>Diana</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Everalda" title="SS Everalda"><i>Everalda</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Thomas_McKean" title="SS Thomas McKean"><i>Thomas McKean</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_William_Rockefeller" title="SS William Rockefeller"><i>William Rockefeller</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">30 Jun: <a href="/wiki/SS_Express_(1940)" title="SS Express (1940)"><i>Express</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Hornbill_(AMc-13)" title="USS Hornbill (AMc-13)">USS <i>Hornbill</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Medway_(1928)" title="HMS Medway (1928)">HMS <i>Medway</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-158_(1941)" title="German submarine U-158 (1941)"><i>U-158</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">3 Jun: <a href="/wiki/Italian_submarine_Luigi_Torelli" title="Italian submarine Luigi Torelli"><i>Luigi Torelli</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">6 Jun: <a href="/wiki/Italian_submarine_Luigi_Torelli" title="Italian submarine Luigi Torelli"><i>Luigi Torelli</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">7 Jun: <a href="/wiki/USS_Grayling_(SS-209)" title="USS Grayling (SS-209)">USS <i>Grayling</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">9 Jun: <a href="/wiki/MV_Kronprinsen" title="MV Kronprinsen"><i>Kronprinsen</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">11 Jun: <a href="/wiki/USS_S-28" title="USS S-28">USS <i>S-28</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">14 Jun: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Liverpool_(C11)" title="HMS Liverpool (C11)">HMS <i>Liverpool</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">15 Jun: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Newcastle_(C76)" title="HMS Newcastle (C76)">HMS <i>Newcastle</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">21 Jun: <a href="/wiki/Italian_destroyer_Strale_(1931)" title="Italian destroyer Strale (1931)"><i>Strale</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">26 Jun: <i><a href="/wiki/USS_Osborne_(DD-295)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Osborne (DD-295)">Matagalpa</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1941" title="List of shipwrecks in 1941">1941</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1941" title="List of shipwrecks in 1941"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1942" title="List of shipwrecks in 1942">1942</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1943" title="List of shipwrecks in 1943"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1943" title="List of shipwrecks in 1943">1943</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_May_1942" title="List of shipwrecks in May 1942">May 1942</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_May_1942" title="List of shipwrecks in May 1942"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_July_1942" title="List of shipwrecks in July 1942"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_July_1942" title="List of shipwrecks in July 1942">July 1942</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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