CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Gurbachan Miglani | Punjab Agricultural University - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "profiles/works", 'action': "summary", 'controller_action': 'profiles/works#summary', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="jXq5o0zwTf0Mf4o0fqTVJRY9yq3IM7qYAwN4celNxG7gA86vA5C80hztLZt8TiOMAcOKCrDbOpUxiW34_gW5Mg" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow-3d36c19b4875b226bfed0fcba1dcea3f2fe61148383d97c0465c016b8c969290.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/social/home-79e78ce59bef0a338eb6540ec3d93b4a7952115b56c57f1760943128f4544d42.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-95367dc03b794f6737f30123738a886cf53b7a65cdef98a922a98591d60063e3.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-bfbac2a470372e2f3a6661a65fa7ff0a0fbf7aa32534d9a831d683d2a6f9e01b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-170d1319f0e354621e81ca17054bb147da2856ec0702fe440a99af314a6338c5.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="author" content="gurbachan miglani" /> <meta name="description" content="Gurbachan Singh Miglani retired in 2005 as Professor of Genetics from Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University…" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'works'; var $action_name = "summary"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '29cbb9485f79f49ca3eb38b6f0905739256f19a4'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":14018,"monthly_visitors":"103 million","monthly_visitor_count":103095310,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":103,"user_count":283474030,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740303064000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740303064000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-1eb081e01ca8bc0c1b1d866df79d9eb4dd2c484e4beecf76e79a7806c72fee08.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-b42d48e01e9cb3bf5ae55ea154ab7133fe47240c1d7c59b0249065c67d6f65ab.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-f3fdf92d2e211a3fd7a717a75adb7bf4af30f5d7651964d9f223129f218112cd.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani" /> </head>   <body class='c-profiles/works a-summary logged_out'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/profile.wjs-bundle-6e7abecbfd0bf8149b30c67f14f697778b51c925ffaf0902383f452f4270c74f.js" defer="defer"></script><script>$viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40357797/13896195/14965399/s65_gurbachan.miglani.jpg","has_photo":true,"department":{"id":376832,"name":"School of agricultural biotechnology","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/Departments/School_of_agricultural_biotechnology/Documents","university":{"id":11737,"name":"Punjab Agricultural University","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/"}},"position":"Emeritus","position_id":6,"is_analytics_public":false,"interests":[{"id":9066,"name":"Social insects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_insects"},{"id":42320,"name":"History of Life Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Life_Sciences"},{"id":18984,"name":"Social Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Evolution"},{"id":78455,"name":"Google Earth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Google_Earth"},{"id":125632,"name":"Social and Behavioral Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Behavioral_Sciences"},{"id":14934,"name":"Agricultural Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Biotechnology"}]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani","location":"/GurbachanMiglani","scheme":"https","host":"pau-in.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/GurbachanMiglani","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-416f5bea-304c-42cc-a644-9d604731ef97"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-416f5bea-304c-42cc-a644-9d604731ef97"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Gurbachan Miglani" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/40357797/13896195/14965399/s200_gurbachan.miglani.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Gurbachan Miglani</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://pau-in.academia.edu/">Punjab Agricultural University</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://pau-in.academia.edu/Departments/School_of_agricultural_biotechnology/Documents">School of agricultural biotechnology</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Emeritus</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Gurbachan" data-follow-user-id="40357797" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="40357797"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">683</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">16</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-author</p><p class="data">1</p></div></a><div class="js-mentions-count-container" style="display: none;"><a href="/GurbachanMiglani/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data"></p></div></a></div><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Gurbachan Singh Miglani retired in 2005 as Professor of Genetics from Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, India after putting in 35 years of service. Taught general genetics, advanced genetics, biotechnology, biochemical genetics, molecular genetics, mutagenesis, immunogenetics, developmental genetics, and evolution to undergraduate and graduate students of constituent colleges of the PAU. Also taught genetics and zoology to undergraduates (September 1976-June 1980) at Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA, as a Graduate Teaching Assistant.<br />Professor Miglani was invited by School of Agricultural Biotechnology (SAB), PAU in March 2010 as Adjunct Professor, to teach molecular genetics, epigenetics and biotechnology courses to B.Sc. (Biotechnology)/B.Sc. Tech. (Biotechnology), M.Sc. (Biotechnology) and Ph.D. (Biotechnology) students, which he continued till December 2010. He was rehired by SAB, PAU in January 2011 as Visiting Professor and he worked in this capacity till August 2020. At this juncture, Dr. Miglani was invited by Khalsa College Amritsar to be on their adjunct faculty and was appointed as Guest Professor to deliver special lectures in genetics to their B.Sc. (Agriculture) students.<br />He takes keen interest in popularization of science of genetics by way of special lectures, radio talks and writing popular articles for magazines and newspapers. During last 11 years he has focused on delivering special lectures, writing of books, review papers and book chapters.<br />He has been associated with The Journal of Plant Science Research, published by the Society for the Promotion of Plant Science Research, Jaipur (India), for more than 12 years in different capacities, including editor of the journal. He is recipient of Meritorious Teacher Award of the PAU, Ludhiana, India, for the year 1997-98) and Sneh Prabha Shukla Memorial Award of Honor by Punjab Sahitya Kala Manch (Regd.), Ludhiana, Punjab, India for the year 2001.<br />He has guided twelve M.Sc. and one Ph.D. students and completed two prestigious research projects funded by the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India. He has authored more than 178 publications (including research papers, review papers, books, book chapters, short notes/communications, abstracts, popular science articles) in Indian and foreign journals/magazines. Six laboratory manuals authored by him for different genetics courses and were published by the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. Contributed several chapters for books edited by Indian and foreign authors. He has also authored a 16 books – Dictionary of Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology (1998), Basic Genetics (2000), Advanced Genetics First edition (2002), Developmental Genetics (2006), Advanced Genetics Second Edition (2007), Fundamentals of Genetics (2008), Genetic Material (2013), Gene Regulation (2013) Gene Expression (2014), Essentials of Molecular Genetics (2015), Genetic Engineering: Principles, Procedures and Consequences (2016), Plant Cells and their Organelles (2017), Cryptic Variants at the Adh Locus in Drosophila melanogaster (2018), Genome Editing: A Comprehensive Treatise (2019), Fundamentals of Epigenetics (2022, in press) and Epigenomics (2022, in press). All these books have been well received by the scientific community.<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://kfu.academia.edu/JameelAlKhayri"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Jameel M Al-Khayri" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/27409/8951/123069442/s200_jameel.al-khayri.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://kfu.academia.edu/JameelAlKhayri">Jameel M Al-Khayri</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">King Faisal University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://iari.academia.edu/KKVinod"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Vinod K K" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/57087/16824/1248199/s200_vinod.k_k.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://iari.academia.edu/KKVinod">Vinod K K</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">INDIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, NEW DELHI, INDIA</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://kwantlen.academia.edu/MarcChampagne"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Marc Champagne" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/90594/25175/116736640/s200_marc.champagne.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://kwantlen.academia.edu/MarcChampagne">Marc Champagne</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Kwantlen Polytechnic University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://ksu.academia.edu/DavidSeamon"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="David Seamon" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/93547/25922/29662134/s200_david.seamon.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://ksu.academia.edu/DavidSeamon">David Seamon</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Kansas State University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/GiuliaSissa"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Giulia Sissa" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/137239/36417/316832/s200_giulia.sissa.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/GiuliaSissa">Giulia Sissa</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Ucla</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/philippehuneman"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="philippe huneman" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/237834/1393730/1884932/s200_philippe.huneman.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/philippehuneman">philippe huneman</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / French National Centre for Scientific Research</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://fieldmuseum.academia.edu/GaryFeinman"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Gary Feinman" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/243647/52887/15881093/s200_gary.feinman.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://fieldmuseum.academia.edu/GaryFeinman">Gary Feinman</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Field Museum</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://asu.academia.edu/majianadesan"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="majia nadesan" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/338263/2861855/56636932/s200_majia.nadesan.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://asu.academia.edu/majianadesan">majia nadesan</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Arizona State University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://oeaw.academia.edu/JohannesPreiserKapeller"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Johannes Preiser-Kapeller" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/390011/98306/158827190/s200_johannes.preiser-kapeller.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://oeaw.academia.edu/JohannesPreiserKapeller">Johannes Preiser-Kapeller</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Austrian Academy of Sciences</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://unesp.academia.edu/FernandoNoll"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Fernando Noll" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1544325/545555/34615523/s200_fernando.noll.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://unesp.academia.edu/FernandoNoll">Fernando Noll</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"</p></div></div></ul></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40357797">View All (6)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40357797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_insects"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani","location":"/GurbachanMiglani","scheme":"https","host":"pau-in.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/GurbachanMiglani","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Social insects"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-e20d5183-e36e-4980-9a67-dfb075af6346"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-e20d5183-e36e-4980-9a67-dfb075af6346"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40357797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Life_Sciences"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["History of Life Sciences"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-1712ce24-1b8b-4e75-9e32-c7cd400bde44"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-1712ce24-1b8b-4e75-9e32-c7cd400bde44"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40357797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Evolution"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Social Evolution"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-e8caf437-37ae-446d-900b-585b53de253c"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-e8caf437-37ae-446d-900b-585b53de253c"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40357797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Google_Earth"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Google Earth"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-abd3d7cd-72fc-4dc2-9f9f-5acc6840293b"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-abd3d7cd-72fc-4dc2-9f9f-5acc6840293b"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40357797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Behavioral_Sciences"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Social and Behavioral Sciences"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-d66c169d-2ecf-40ba-a427-e6f1426da3ec"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-d66c169d-2ecf-40ba-a427-e6f1426da3ec"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="nav-container backbone-profile-documents-nav hidden-xs"><ul class="nav-tablist" role="tablist"><li class="nav-chip active" role="presentation"><a data-section-name="" data-toggle="tab" href="#all" role="tab">all</a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>149</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Drafts" data-toggle="tab" href="#drafts" role="tab" title="Drafts"><span>1</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Drafts</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Books" data-toggle="tab" href="#books" role="tab" title="Books"><span>3</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Books</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Teaching-Documents" data-toggle="tab" href="#teachingdocuments" role="tab" title="Teaching Documents"><span>1</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Teaching Documents</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Gurbachan Miglani</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624226"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624226/Induction_and_genotypic_verification_of_recombinants_in_males_ofDrosophila_melanogaster"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Induction and genotypic verification of recombinants in males ofDrosophila melanogaster" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624226/Induction_and_genotypic_verification_of_recombinants_in_males_ofDrosophila_melanogaster">Induction and genotypic verification of recombinants in males ofDrosophila melanogaster</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings: Animal Sciences</span><span>, Oct 1, 1986</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">GURBACHAN S MIGLANI and VINDHYA MOHINDRA Department of Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">GURBACHAN S MIGLANI and VINDHYA MOHINDRA Department of Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India MS received 20 August 1985 Abstract. Ethyl methanesulphonate (0-75%) was mixed with food (1:9) and fed to developing F I (Oregon-K +jdumpy blaek ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624226"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624226"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624226; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624226]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624226]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624226; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624226']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624226]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624226,"title":"Induction and genotypic verification of recombinants in males ofDrosophila melanogaster","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624226/Induction_and_genotypic_verification_of_recombinants_in_males_ofDrosophila_melanogaster","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624225"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624225/Plastid_structure_and_genomics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Plastid structure and genomics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624225/Plastid_structure_and_genomics">Plastid structure and genomics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624225"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624225"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624225; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624225]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624225]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624225; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624225']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624225]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624225,"title":"Plastid structure and genomics","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624225/Plastid_structure_and_genomics","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624224"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624224/Toxic_Genotoxic_and_Cytological_Effects_of_Two_Commonly_Used_Fungicides_Indofil_and_Raxil_in_Drosophila_Melanogaster_Meigen"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Toxic, Genotoxic and Cytological Effects of Two Commonly Used Fungicides, Indofil and Raxil, in Drosophila Melanogaster Meigen" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624224/Toxic_Genotoxic_and_Cytological_Effects_of_Two_Commonly_Used_Fungicides_Indofil_and_Raxil_in_Drosophila_Melanogaster_Meigen">Toxic, Genotoxic and Cytological Effects of Two Commonly Used Fungicides, Indofil and Raxil, in Drosophila Melanogaster Meigen</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of research</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Toxic, genotoxic and cytological effects of two very commonly used seed-tretament fungicides, Ind...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Toxic, genotoxic and cytological effects of two very commonly used seed-tretament fungicides, Indofil and Raxil, were studied on Drosophila melanogaster. In Drosophila no toxicity to the adults was observed with Indofil upto 3,00,000 ppm and with Raxil upto 2,50,000 ppm. With the increase in the dose of Indofil and Raxil, there was decrease in egg-to-adult development. The LC50 (lethal concentration 50 w.r.t. egg-to-adult development) values for Indofil and Raxil, as calculated by probit regression analysis, were found to be 650 and 12,500 ppm, respectively. Thus Indofil was found to be 19.23 times more toxic than Raxil on Drosophila larvae. At LC50 dose, Indofil failed to induce any complete SLRLs in 300 sperm tested. However, Raxil at LC50 dose, induced only one complete SLRL in 300 sperm tested. Both the chemicals induced semi-SLRLs (Indofil 6.33%; Raxil 12.33%). Neither of the two chemicals at their LC50 doses induced any chromosomal abnormality in salivary gland chromosomes of D. melanogaster.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624224"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624224"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624224; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624224]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624224]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624224; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624224']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624224]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624224,"title":"Toxic, Genotoxic and Cytological Effects of Two Commonly Used Fungicides, Indofil and Raxil, in Drosophila Melanogaster Meigen","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624224/Toxic_Genotoxic_and_Cytological_Effects_of_Two_Commonly_Used_Fungicides_Indofil_and_Raxil_in_Drosophila_Melanogaster_Meigen","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624223"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624223/Pentatricopeptide_repeat_proteins_II_Present_status_and_future_prospects_of_PPR_based_programmable_RNA_editing_in_crop_improvement"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins: II. Present status and future prospects of PPR-based programmable RNA editing in crop improvement" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624223/Pentatricopeptide_repeat_proteins_II_Present_status_and_future_prospects_of_PPR_based_programmable_RNA_editing_in_crop_improvement">Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins: II. Present status and future prospects of PPR-based programmable RNA editing in crop improvement</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Crop Improvement</span><span>, Jan 24, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT RNA editing plays a major role in modulating gene expression. In higher plants, RNA edit...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT RNA editing plays a major role in modulating gene expression. In higher plants, RNA editing has been observed in nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial transcripts. In a companion paper, we have discussed the involvement of pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins in RNA editing in plants. In this review, we focus on the development of PPR protein-based programmable RNA editing (PRE) technology and its application to crop improvement. Site-directed RNA editing (SDRE) involves recruitment of RNA-editing enzymes to specific sites at selected transcripts. Limitations of SDRE have shifted the focus of researchers toward the PRE, wherein the RNA-binding platforms are engineered for the recognition of specific target sites. PRE tools include dead CRISPR/Cas-based or PPR protein-based platforms. REPAIR, CIRTS, RESCUE, RESTORE, and LEAPER are the five platforms based on the CRISPR-Cas system. Multiple organellar RNA-editing factors work well in association with the PPR proteins for an efficient and precise RNA editing at the target sites by forming an editosome. In this review, we highlight the PRE approaches that have potential to rectify defects attributable to single-base changes in plants through precise RNA-transcript editing, with no off-target effects in the genome, which will ultimately have a positive impact on crop improvement.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624223"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624223"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624223; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624223]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624223]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624223; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624223']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624223]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624223,"title":"Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins: II. Present status and future prospects of PPR-based programmable RNA editing in crop improvement","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624223/Pentatricopeptide_repeat_proteins_II_Present_status_and_future_prospects_of_PPR_based_programmable_RNA_editing_in_crop_improvement","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624222"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624222/Plant_gene_expression_control_using_genome_and_epigenome_editing_technologies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Plant gene expression control using genome- and epigenome-editing technologies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692941/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624222/Plant_gene_expression_control_using_genome_and_epigenome_editing_technologies">Plant gene expression control using genome- and epigenome-editing technologies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Crop Improvement</span><span>, Oct 28, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this review, we present some specific examples of plant species only where modulation of gene ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this review, we present some specific examples of plant species only where modulation of gene regulation has been achieved via genome-editing and epigenome-editing technologies. Among genome-editing tools used in plants are zinc-finger nucleases in maize (Zea mays L.); transcription activator-like effector nucleases in rice (Oryza sativa L.), sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) in O. sativa and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). A large number of epigenome-editing tools based on small RNAs have been employed for controlling plant gene expression in thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana), O. sativa, potato (Solanum tuberosum), and Z. mays. RNAi-based tools have been used in A. thaliana; RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) in A. thaliana; and RdDM involving transgenically produced exogenous small interfering RNAs in O. sativa. Site-specific DNA-binding proteins that have been successfully repurposed to function as DNA-binding domains of epigenomeediting tools include zinc-finger proteins, transcription activatorlike effectors, and dead Cas9 complexed with single-guide RNA. Zinc-finger-based epigenome-editing tools have been applied in A. thaliana and O. sativa; and transcription activator-like effector and dead Cas9-based tools in O. sativa and A. thaliana, respectively. Targeting-induced-local-lesions-in-genomes approach has been employed in muskmelon (Cucumis melo). Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were epigenetically modified in A. thaliana and O. sativa. In vitro tissue culture-based epigenome-editing DNA and/or histone modifications have been achieved in Caribbean agave (Agave angustifolia), Henequen (Agave fourcroydes), A. thaliana, common tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), O. sativa, pine (Pinus radiata), and Z. mays.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="36d032b106d464dc6c26959c8d28a700" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107692941,"asset_id":109624222,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692941/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624222"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624222"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624222; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624222]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624222]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624222; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624222']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "36d032b106d464dc6c26959c8d28a700" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624222]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624222,"title":"Plant gene expression control using genome- and epigenome-editing technologies","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624222/Plant_gene_expression_control_using_genome_and_epigenome_editing_technologies","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":107692941,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692941/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"15427528.2019.167854120231123-1-ngdkzn.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692941/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Plant_gene_expression_control_using_geno.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/107692941/15427528.2019.167854120231123-1-ngdkzn-libre.pdf?1700708802=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPlant_gene_expression_control_using_geno.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=PJ1fmvsFwHcRY4nAHuDTbaoNreKS0WHA2g1ivPMMp6v8fo-KfIaLHVHw-0f3lqKqCLzhThjLxMz5VHWEsTDZkErvxSmsfXCnuWS9Okg1vz9GWOqxts2yAPcDUqODxYX-NPYXmnnp1hOyDaoZ9ul1X8y~rGlNe5gloXwUeZ3VYQq5taxfVMw6a1hKwvxEwGAuy0HNu24ox~fWxx7DrCg59oExBSCt5uY52S~g4oILd73uc3QU21IwiRIGn6SZSnUOSmW14tM51spVo69-gtibLFMPaz55fguu80d8Z4nkjOJDrQnZwZXyUt6uwHKO4tdy8mLVtNZaGY6YKmYiHi2XlA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624221"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624221/Current_Scenario_of_RNA_Interference_Based_Control_of_Insect_and_Mite_Pests_of_Fruit_Crops"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Current Scenario of RNA Interference-Based Control of Insect and Mite Pests of Fruit Crops" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624221/Current_Scenario_of_RNA_Interference_Based_Control_of_Insect_and_Mite_Pests_of_Fruit_Crops">Current Scenario of RNA Interference-Based Control of Insect and Mite Pests of Fruit Crops</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Springer eBooks</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624221"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624221"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624221; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624221]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624221]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624221; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624221']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624221]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624221,"title":"Current Scenario of RNA Interference-Based Control of Insect and Mite Pests of Fruit Crops","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624221/Current_Scenario_of_RNA_Interference_Based_Control_of_Insect_and_Mite_Pests_of_Fruit_Crops","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624220"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624220/Genome_Editing_A_Comprehensive_Treatise"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Genome Editing: A Comprehensive Treatise" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692940/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624220/Genome_Editing_A_Comprehensive_Treatise">Genome Editing: A Comprehensive Treatise</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4cddffd649e2f7af78d67436d60c3d6e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107692940,"asset_id":109624220,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692940/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624220"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624220"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624220; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624220]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624220]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624220; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624220']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4cddffd649e2f7af78d67436d60c3d6e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624220]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624220,"title":"Genome Editing: A Comprehensive Treatise","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624220/Genome_Editing_A_Comprehensive_Treatise","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":107692940,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692940/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"cropsci2019.01.0001br20231123-1-189qap.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692940/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Genome_Editing_A_Comprehensive_Treatise.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/107692940/cropsci2019.01.0001br20231123-1-189qap-libre.pdf?1700708793=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGenome_Editing_A_Comprehensive_Treatise.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=O9p8zyJbWBsSIgTxZTJ6tEd6ZtAgFOGh5nsLcpan2QV6HQZueX7FSfQNgo3TPlic-eSq~busuG2Jm5KFLII7MExR~e2rnAQ7jqqhnlkUZ19GlzbBKi31cFjsYaZYlPrSiTGwSusVJshehLjZ0SRhKfsPaCAw035T-rWPqhujN2ysrwooJPDZr0WGOMdy9mQ47w~Ylg-lgijL-FDOB-DYHUOwfCklpurQHZtQ52BYDlDO0d9wlfpKjp4c~XO6jWk9oJ3gSwZIc61fYGhfLoZYON1M0vXEGMxDIelvukBoFCFZ9rkQNKfOtrP3kDczrn1WGjWiQQ~zFQDCA5t4czZ7GA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624219"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624219/Cryptic_Variants_at_the_Adh_Locus_in_Drosophila_melanogaster"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cryptic Variants at the Adh Locus in Drosophila melanogaster" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624219/Cryptic_Variants_at_the_Adh_Locus_in_Drosophila_melanogaster">Cryptic Variants at the Adh Locus in Drosophila melanogaster</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing eBooks</span><span>, Sep 6, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Fifty-two specially constructed isochromosomal lines from 16 Mexican strains of D. melanogaster w...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Fifty-two specially constructed isochromosomal lines from 16 Mexican strains of D. melanogaster were employed to ascertain the extent of genetic variation of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity between and within the populations, and to investigate the regulatory mechanisms which operate to control enzyme activity levels during development. Native ADH activity for each line was assayed spectrophotometrically. Variation in ADH activity was demonstrated among and within the populations. The native ADH activity levels of the lines when compared to those after treatment with guanidine hydrochloride, urea and heat revealed that while some lines for the AdhI or AdhII allele were highly susceptible to these denaturants others showed a high degree of resistance. These observations clearly indicated that cryptic variation at a biochemical level does exist among and within the populations of D. melanogaster. Significant correlations were noted between the native ADH activity and the enzyme activity after treatment. The cryptic variant lines exhibited modifications in terms of their susceptibility/ resistance properties during different developmental stages under variable temperatures.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624219"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624219"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624219; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624219]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624219]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624219; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624219']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624219]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624219,"title":"Cryptic Variants at the Adh Locus in Drosophila melanogaster","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624219/Cryptic_Variants_at_the_Adh_Locus_in_Drosophila_melanogaster","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624218"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624218/Plant_Cells_and_their_Organelles"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Plant Cells and their Organelles" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692939/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624218/Plant_Cells_and_their_Organelles">Plant Cells and their Organelles</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Wiley eBooks</span><span>, Nov 11, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dce34721ee3c548bb08b99eb62d0489b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107692939,"asset_id":109624218,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692939/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624218"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624218"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624218; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624218]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624218]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624218; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624218']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dce34721ee3c548bb08b99eb62d0489b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624218]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624218,"title":"Plant Cells and their Organelles","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624218/Plant_Cells_and_their_Organelles","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":107692939,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692939/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"cropsci2017.07.0001br20231123-1-kqbpk1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692939/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Plant_Cells_and_their_Organelles.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/107692939/cropsci2017.07.0001br20231123-1-kqbpk1-libre.pdf?1700708791=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPlant_Cells_and_their_Organelles.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=fgVNKr3ToSxt6Oj9JUUGfqThpyZijPqPqV8smYtZ1-bOzxGkF-dtMGzfo31gerbV~th3TE40F4AzCGydmkunh9uaZO7eRqSEgus6Jee3lKq~FluSQMLx4LoeVz0ikZCqe7n0sKHNOxxdEpaEPC8VnBeInGmrpVdK3np~Thm8ScAuoGM8V3OudmUY~RqC3v7SMXIDzlPkeLF6QC1rgGBNb1mN475CD-leJThZSCSWo40HZpxVtDUzJQ4UjAa5gNwWDkMYCj6kxUisORNBSUoEZ8~S6gfEC4V~56T8gWrxycchR7myL0o1D0yp4gU0XPA~Upnahya2S8gsFyLqmpkLOQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624217"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624217/Genome_editing_in_crop_improvement_Present_scenario_and_future_prospects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Genome editing in crop improvement: Present scenario and future prospects" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624217/Genome_editing_in_crop_improvement_Present_scenario_and_future_prospects">Genome editing in crop improvement: Present scenario and future prospects</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Crop Improvement</span><span>, Jul 4, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT Genome editing refers to a process by which a specific chromosomal sequence is changed. ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT Genome editing refers to a process by which a specific chromosomal sequence is changed. The edited chromosomal sequence may comprise an insertion of at least one nucleotide, a deletion of at least one nucleotide, and/or a substitution of at least one nucleotide. Genome editing is a relatively new technology that is gaining importance as a tool for crop improvement because of its advantages over routinely used methods of genetic engineering. Genome-editing technology is precise and efficient. Genome editing is now considered a safe technique because no foreign sequences are left behind in the final genome-edited organism (GEO). Genome editing involves the induction of double-stranded breaks (DSBs) at specific sites of DNA, which turns on endogenous repair mechanisms—homology-dependent repair (HDR)—when homologous sequences are present, and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) in the absence of homologous sequences. During repair, site-specific mutations are produced. A range of molecular tools for inducing DSBs at specific sites of a genome is available with genome editors. One category of such molecular scissors include engineered and programmable site-specific nucleases (SSNs), such as meganucleases (MNs), also known as homing nucleases (HNs), zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and RNA-guided nuclease (RGN) systems, the most widely used RGN being the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated system 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), and DNA-guided nuclease (DGN) system, i.e., NgAgo (an acronym for Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute). Transposons and Group II intron retro-transposition have also been employed in genome editing. Some new genome-editing approaches have also emerged under the umbrella of triplex technology, which are based on antisense technology and make use of diverse types of oligonucleotide-linked nucleases, triplex-forming oligonucleotides, nucleic acid analogs, peptide nucleic acids, and aptamers for providing homologous sequences for HDR. Some engineered animal viruses such as lentiviruses, adeno-associated viruses, recombinant adeno-associated viruses, and adenoviruses (AdVs) and plant viruses such as RNA viruses, tobacco rattle virus (TRV), and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses called geminiviruses have been used as genome-editing devices that act as delivery vehicles of SSNs. Easy programmability of CRISPR/Cas9 and the development of its modified versions have shown versatility in their functions and have been successfully applied in yeast, animals, human and nonhuman cell lines, and embryos for gene therapy. The CRISPR/Cas-produced gene drives could potentially prevent the spread of disease, support agriculture by reversing pesticide and herbicide resistance in insects and weeds, and control damaging invasive species. The NgAgo is still a developing technology although it has shown promise and some advantages over CRISPR/Cas systems. However, CRISPR/Cas systems still dominate the plant genome-editing scenario. This is the reason that the present review deals in detail with various aspects of CRISPR/Cas systems but briefly with other genome-editing tools. Safety, legal, intellectual property (IP), and regulatory issues need to be addressed to the satisfaction of scientists, farmers, and consumers to fully exploit the potentials of different platforms of genome-editing technology in crop improvement and other areas such as animal improvement, microbial engineering, and gene therapy.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624217"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624217"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624217; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624217]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624217]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624217; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624217']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624217]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624217,"title":"Genome editing in crop improvement: Present scenario and future prospects","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624217/Genome_editing_in_crop_improvement_Present_scenario_and_future_prospects","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624216"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624216/Intervention_of_Modern_Genetic_Tools_for_Managing_Insect_Pests_of_Fruit_Crops"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Intervention of Modern Genetic Tools for Managing Insect Pests of Fruit Crops" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624216/Intervention_of_Modern_Genetic_Tools_for_Managing_Insect_Pests_of_Fruit_Crops">Intervention of Modern Genetic Tools for Managing Insect Pests of Fruit Crops</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624216"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624216"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624216; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624216]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624216]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624216; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624216']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624216]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624216,"title":"Intervention of Modern Genetic Tools for Managing Insect Pests of Fruit Crops","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624216/Intervention_of_Modern_Genetic_Tools_for_Managing_Insect_Pests_of_Fruit_Crops","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624215"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624215/Changes_in_native_alcohol_dehydrogenase_activity_ofDrosophila_upon_treatment_with_guanidine_hydrochloride_urea_and_heat"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Changes in native alcohol dehydrogenase activity ofDrosophila upon treatment with guanidine hydrochloride, urea and heat" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624215/Changes_in_native_alcohol_dehydrogenase_activity_ofDrosophila_upon_treatment_with_guanidine_hydrochloride_urea_and_heat">Changes in native alcohol dehydrogenase activity ofDrosophila upon treatment with guanidine hydrochloride, urea and heat</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Biosciences</span><span>, Sep 1, 1981</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT Fifty-two isochromosomal lines ofDrosophila melanogaster were examined for the existence...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT Fifty-two isochromosomal lines ofDrosophila melanogaster were examined for the existence of additional genetic variations in ADH activity subsequent to treatment With guanidine hydrochloride, urea and heat. A wealth of hidden variation was discovered among and within the Mexican populations of the insect after treatment with the denaturants.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624215"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624215"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624215; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624215]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624215]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624215; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624215']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624215]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624215,"title":"Changes in native alcohol dehydrogenase activity ofDrosophila upon treatment with guanidine hydrochloride, urea and heat","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624215/Changes_in_native_alcohol_dehydrogenase_activity_ofDrosophila_upon_treatment_with_guanidine_hydrochloride_urea_and_heat","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624214"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624214/Fundamentals_of_Genetics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Fundamentals of Genetics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624214/Fundamentals_of_Genetics">Fundamentals of Genetics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624214"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624214"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624214; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624214]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624214]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624214; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624214']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624214]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624214,"title":"Fundamentals of Genetics","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624214/Fundamentals_of_Genetics","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624213"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624213/Ethyl_methanesulphonate_induced_male_recombination_and_chromosomal_aberrations_in_Drosophila_melanogaster"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ethyl methanesulphonate-induced male recombination and chromosomal aberrations in Drosophila melanogaster" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624213/Ethyl_methanesulphonate_induced_male_recombination_and_chromosomal_aberrations_in_Drosophila_melanogaster">Ethyl methanesulphonate-induced male recombination and chromosomal aberrations in Drosophila melanogaster</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding</span><span>, 1995</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS)-induced stable chromosomal aberrations did not show a direct associ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS)-induced stable chromosomal aberrations did not show a direct association with male recombination in Drosophila although one out of four chromosomal aberrations observed in the TCI larvae overlapped the dp-b region. Highest ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624213"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624213"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624213; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624213]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624213]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624213; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624213']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624213]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624213,"title":"Ethyl methanesulphonate-induced male recombination and chromosomal aberrations in Drosophila melanogaster","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624213/Ethyl_methanesulphonate_induced_male_recombination_and_chromosomal_aberrations_in_Drosophila_melanogaster","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624212"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624212/Drosophila_alcohol_dehydrogenase_Developmental_studies_on_cryptic_variant_lines"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase: Developmental studies on cryptic variant lines" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692924/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624212/Drosophila_alcohol_dehydrogenase_Developmental_studies_on_cryptic_variant_lines">Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase: Developmental studies on cryptic variant lines</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Biochemical Genetics</span><span>, Oct 1, 1981</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f6972d5300bb27e1cd6124c97ce05218" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107692924,"asset_id":109624212,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692924/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624212"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624212"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624212; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624212]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624212]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624212; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624212']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f6972d5300bb27e1cd6124c97ce05218" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624212]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624212,"title":"Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase: Developmental studies on cryptic variant lines","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624212/Drosophila_alcohol_dehydrogenase_Developmental_studies_on_cryptic_variant_lines","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":107692924,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692924/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"download.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692924/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Drosophila_alcohol_dehydrogenase_Develop.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/107692924/download-libre.pdf?1700708796=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDrosophila_alcohol_dehydrogenase_Develop.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=MgU4XlKfL99j9XlGE2dGEqRnn74TNyhjRr7gJio~BnFOZbNNCwf89Ai~fdfu5h00Meqpn1wLVTqbgcNb370EwE2p6IDQXANSVUcIOdZwjUNCye~SB~Ot8ECfv02FB4uJi6RmgehuhlRFaS6HEj7mxxxGlCzimD5BrXqcOIqz~grBpXVhLK3WPcvxE8J5udaADzX9gXM7RKGIErAUBNFlIeR0RDlQZNrDv~qXw~HohYWO8wscnfxi~HUT6sQPZpXQHJW2RLlrhWsNXRB3~6BEGFi1LUjF5W3XkyAyrNVLKGSHFrwxm3qytiXCbl3ai6lM8ir7AyzjGOYvb~pROpNhMg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":107692923,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692923/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"download.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692923/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Drosophila_alcohol_dehydrogenase_Develop.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/107692923/download-libre.pdf?1700708795=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDrosophila_alcohol_dehydrogenase_Develop.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=C~hr2ChVZJDG9F0zomzzFfYz2i3NxDn1~vvl9o3dmRixRbwSkgIZW-yXtT3ewwgx6Q0vL15he20m7OXFYU8~qbLekwab1kZkiiRm7o~Ljfg3jJo8d5OfVjBv2rrLzLY3Tu602amDQxuzsmzbIzk~6YGFjDgtZHwQm41hoaT5iqh8fpqMrIBQaE-NI7CX9a0OVEjCpKkGZPOGLzgoKjrOmGhpk~3Zvpr26ZjIwWiA2fWj2mf5DJ~J4jNSMc~ClPC~~upl6PHXvza6-WiCmzQVwUEG5xXY7T79qvYk8cCn6tMO7Pa-D0NMMF~pn5z4dtaanGYn5AfnIpVTKCa9rlJHfw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624211"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624211/Transmission_of_male_recombination_segregation_distortion_and_sex_ratio_imbalance_inDrosophila_melanogaster"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Transmission of male recombination, segregation distortion and sex-ratio imbalance inDrosophila melanogaster" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108887066/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624211/Transmission_of_male_recombination_segregation_distortion_and_sex_ratio_imbalance_inDrosophila_melanogaster">Transmission of male recombination, segregation distortion and sex-ratio imbalance inDrosophila melanogaster</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Biosciences</span><span>, Mar 1, 1986</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">From the first test cross progenies of control (no larval transfers; no ethyl methanesulphonate),...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">From the first test cross progenies of control (no larval transfers; no ethyl methanesulphonate), physical stress (two larval transfers; no ethyl methanesulphonate) and 0•75% ethyl methanesulphonate (two larval transfers; 0•75% ethyl methanesulphonate)treated F 1 (Oregon Κ + /dumpy black cinnabar, dp b cn) males of Drosophila melanogaster, respectively, 6,10 and 52 wild-looking first test cross males were again test crossed to obtain second generation. The overall percentages of male recombination detected in the second test cross progenies, in the three sets of experiments, were statistically the same as those in the first test cross progenies. Thus the enhanced male recombination caused by physical stress (with or without ethyl methanesulphonate) was transmitted to next generation. Non-reciprocal male recombination was observed in dp b but not in b cn region in both first and second test cross progenies. Three abnormalities, (i) production of wild-type flies in majority over dp b cn type, (ii) Non-Mendelian segregation at dp b and cn loci and (iii) sex-ratio differences for dp b cn and + b cn types observed in test cross progenies of F 1 males of Drosophila melanogaster were transmitted to next generation when induced with 0•75 % ethyl methanesulphonate but not when these abnormalities were induced with physical stress. The data suggest possible association of non-reciprocal male recombination, segregation distortion and sex-ratio imbalance in Drosophila melanogaster. In fact these may be representing different aspects of the same phenomenon.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f3340ccec25e82cdd5259108de09c0c0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108887066,"asset_id":109624211,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108887066/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624211"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624211"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624211; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624211]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624211]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624211; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624211']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f3340ccec25e82cdd5259108de09c0c0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624211]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624211,"title":"Transmission of male recombination, segregation distortion and sex-ratio imbalance inDrosophila melanogaster","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624211/Transmission_of_male_recombination_segregation_distortion_and_sex_ratio_imbalance_inDrosophila_melanogaster","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":108887066,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108887066/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"BF02702850.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108887066/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Transmission_of_male_recombination_segre.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108887066/BF02702850-libre.pdf?1702467660=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTransmission_of_male_recombination_segre.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=IR-6tvy-QKAmBYEYSkb68~sOvgtX1wg3WPBLnEjvY4MzIK4gNzb~WqKghz2IuN~F~x5tpeFlfmzKostiZFtxifDxty5hEjy2C2hv8Deuvv3sqWxv9LObJX9Ji0RARHsAxtYZHIUERsxrpEYJuKTr~FcWVyAZeryegwyUwBWwEnOTU9P9jAzi-OskVMpXu272yE7GkFfvzrtTYJyEI0dndV32h~HlGGNlI8Uupd8stk9N1aqO~QG~o~nsziYd5hXK39Vvs3vzWnrJ2dUIR08PlVqqPdhTm6X6aZuIrc5YTIVjFUfrXkCyi7LUQJil525QFhOjHt5ufxH8f4UCOTmFEQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624210"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624210/Detection_of_chromosomal_aberrations_in_the_progenies_of_hydroxylammonium_sulphate_induced_recombinants_in_males_ofDrosophila_melanogaster"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Detection of chromosomal aberrations in the progenies of hydroxylammonium sulphate-induced recombinants in males ofDrosophila melanogaster" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108887072/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624210/Detection_of_chromosomal_aberrations_in_the_progenies_of_hydroxylammonium_sulphate_induced_recombinants_in_males_ofDrosophila_melanogaster">Detection of chromosomal aberrations in the progenies of hydroxylammonium sulphate-induced recombinants in males ofDrosophila melanogaster</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings: Animal Sciences</span><span>, Jul 1, 1990</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Chromosomal aberrations were detected in the progenies of hydroxylammonium sulphate-induced recom...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Chromosomal aberrations were detected in the progenies of hydroxylammonium sulphate-induced recombinants of aristaless-dumpy and dumpy-black regions of the males of Drosophila melanogaster. When males from homozygous lines derived from these male recombinants were crossed to females from an aberration-free stock, the chromosomal aberrations were not recovered in recombinant heterozygotes. Implications of these observations are discussed in relation to role of chromosomal aberrations in induced male recombination in D. melanogaster.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="72582c5764df1fa3019d1cef2efe2789" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108887072,"asset_id":109624210,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108887072/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624210"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624210"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624210; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624210]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624210]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624210; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624210']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "72582c5764df1fa3019d1cef2efe2789" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624210]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624210,"title":"Detection of chromosomal aberrations in the progenies of hydroxylammonium sulphate-induced recombinants in males ofDrosophila melanogaster","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624210/Detection_of_chromosomal_aberrations_in_the_progenies_of_hydroxylammonium_sulphate_induced_recombinants_in_males_ofDrosophila_melanogaster","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":108887072,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108887072/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"BF03186399.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108887072/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Detection_of_chromosomal_aberrations_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108887072/BF03186399-libre.pdf?1702467659=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDetection_of_chromosomal_aberrations_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=fezEEwP61VFBkCRq58cc1n7Ip4epdPSqG2i5YfRxpihz4uiaIfJbzBUO1FYGD0jcgffWjtlwvxCKdf4P2DMrCLTriFRsVMSrsFZr2GTw1hZ3MRgHwkfLta0hw6DBjEHB~vI7zLNf36RJbbycsw8O~T6PSeOTzrezAJhmPJnie6YjCAtD8m7VrMRpLnRBQsERkTdCQXMmCZpT-9HWvhuV8J6hSldoiUqzj9K4AKRuYjxnFY9PrMWRSRdNhdafMV8Ttl5rSDrbH6NBISuwKqx~oNnkuU-PIG-06jY0onsP4xC14ulOYyeIRd1ItEie63CAybqHSpSfZ9Ck~1oloiyItw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624209"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624209/Dictionary_of_Plant_Genetics_and_Molecular_Biology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dictionary of Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624209/Dictionary_of_Plant_Genetics_and_Molecular_Biology">Dictionary of Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge eBooks</span><span>, Nov 22, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... I appreciate the hard and sincere work put in by Mr. Gagandeep Singh of Rax Computer Educatio...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... I appreciate the hard and sincere work put in by Mr. Gagandeep Singh of Rax Computer Education, Ludhiana, for meticulously typing the manuscript. Blessings of my mother, Smt. Apar Kaur, have always boosted my morale. ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624209"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624209"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624209; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624209]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624209]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624209; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624209']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624209]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624209,"title":"Dictionary of Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624209/Dictionary_of_Plant_Genetics_and_Molecular_Biology","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624208"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624208/Leveraging_photosynthetic_efficiency_toward_improving_crop_yields"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Leveraging photosynthetic efficiency toward improving crop yields" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692938/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624208/Leveraging_photosynthetic_efficiency_toward_improving_crop_yields">Leveraging photosynthetic efficiency toward improving crop yields</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Crop Improvement</span><span>, Oct 13, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Increasing photosynthetic efficiency is important in improving plant productivity. Photosynthetic...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Increasing photosynthetic efficiency is important in improving plant productivity. Photosynthetic efficiency is still not exploited to its fullest potential for maximizing carbon capture. The purpose of this review is to discuss the factors that affect photosynthetic efficiency and explore diverse routes to enhance photosynthetic efficiency, which would pave the way for future researches for harnessing yield benefits. In this review, we first discuss general details about photosynthesis, association of photosynthetic pigment to key plant traits, factors involved in regulation of photosynthetic metabolism, strategies for enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, and benefits of increased carbon assimilation through manipulation of photosynthetic efficiency. We then expounded on how optimized photosynthesis can improve crop yield, and enhance efficiency of plant system to cope with abiotic constraints. Finally, we discuss epigenetic regulation of photosynthetic components for yield enhancement, and the way forward.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f708cc0fef9cd48ef9ff0c9a19030440" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107692938,"asset_id":109624208,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692938/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624208"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624208"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624208; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624208]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624208]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624208; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624208']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f708cc0fef9cd48ef9ff0c9a19030440" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624208]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624208,"title":"Leveraging photosynthetic efficiency toward improving crop yields","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624208/Leveraging_photosynthetic_efficiency_toward_improving_crop_yields","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":107692938,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692938/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"15427528.2020.182416820231123-1-nxmeab.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692938/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Leveraging_photosynthetic_efficiency_tow.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/107692938/15427528.2020.182416820231123-1-nxmeab-libre.pdf?1700708802=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLeveraging_photosynthetic_efficiency_tow.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=QqcwG8Y4OhjjpU-jKTo05TalEHhlHJqzbXPZ3lJXKwMvE5bHc9RPJlA1FyM7PXO5NjZX0dpHyf-DaubSI93Of24CRo5rj974MuVh7-koTlIwKdaDFN9BivlY2VOBZlStO0jfnO9RfIqzjlHEVuS2fukUr5Cmfl8wGoEMTZ5SevQbhRrJrZ7VZLHIIsSDPKeU83xAgiaz5Z7n9r5IARam4b~AKvdq1KBtqepBYmroLS7Fba6~0Qoo3sSRluAQWFk52JDfNCTxqtM~16V2kGZczWzFBdh~zAyUJZ~uORxkAs7XRZSpDRd~mF01XwjqzYrhZHdwBu8FSx8qMJUxAqGIkg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624207"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624207/Gradual_decline_of_formaldehyde_induced_male_recombination_in_successive_generations_of_Drosophila_melanogaster"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gradual decline of formaldehyde-induced male recombination in successive generations of Drosophila melanogaster" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624207/Gradual_decline_of_formaldehyde_induced_male_recombination_in_successive_generations_of_Drosophila_melanogaster">Gradual decline of formaldehyde-induced male recombination in successive generations of Drosophila melanogaster</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Indian journal of experimental biology</span><span>, 1994</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Transmission of formaldehyde (FA)-induced male recombination was studied in D. melanogaster for t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Transmission of formaldehyde (FA)-induced male recombination was studied in D. melanogaster for three generations. Among recombinants, al dp was the most and b pr the next most frequent phenotype in the progenies of F1, TC1, TC2 and TC3 males of genotype + /al dp br. Non-reciprocal male recombination for dp-b and b-pr regions whereas reciprocal male recombination for al-dp region were noted. Percentages of recombinants observed in TC1 (1.052), TC2 (0.876), TC3 (0.698) and TC4 (0.497) progenies of D. melanogaster males were not statistically different from each other in any two successive generations. A continuous but gradual decline in the frequency of FA-induced male recombination was observed in the three subsequent generations studied.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624207"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624207"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624207; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624207]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624207]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624207; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624207']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624207]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624207,"title":"Gradual decline of formaldehyde-induced male recombination in successive generations of Drosophila melanogaster","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624207/Gradual_decline_of_formaldehyde_induced_male_recombination_in_successive_generations_of_Drosophila_melanogaster","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="4400713" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624226"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624226/Induction_and_genotypic_verification_of_recombinants_in_males_ofDrosophila_melanogaster"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Induction and genotypic verification of recombinants in males ofDrosophila melanogaster" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624226/Induction_and_genotypic_verification_of_recombinants_in_males_ofDrosophila_melanogaster">Induction and genotypic verification of recombinants in males ofDrosophila melanogaster</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings: Animal Sciences</span><span>, Oct 1, 1986</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">GURBACHAN S MIGLANI and VINDHYA MOHINDRA Department of Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">GURBACHAN S MIGLANI and VINDHYA MOHINDRA Department of Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India MS received 20 August 1985 Abstract. Ethyl methanesulphonate (0-75%) was mixed with food (1:9) and fed to developing F I (Oregon-K +jdumpy blaek ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624226"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624226"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624226; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624226]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624226]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624226; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624226']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624226]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624226,"title":"Induction and genotypic verification of recombinants in males ofDrosophila melanogaster","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624226/Induction_and_genotypic_verification_of_recombinants_in_males_ofDrosophila_melanogaster","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624225"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624225/Plastid_structure_and_genomics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Plastid structure and genomics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624225/Plastid_structure_and_genomics">Plastid structure and genomics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624225"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624225"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624225; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624225]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624225]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624225; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624225']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624225]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624225,"title":"Plastid structure and genomics","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624225/Plastid_structure_and_genomics","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624224"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624224/Toxic_Genotoxic_and_Cytological_Effects_of_Two_Commonly_Used_Fungicides_Indofil_and_Raxil_in_Drosophila_Melanogaster_Meigen"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Toxic, Genotoxic and Cytological Effects of Two Commonly Used Fungicides, Indofil and Raxil, in Drosophila Melanogaster Meigen" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624224/Toxic_Genotoxic_and_Cytological_Effects_of_Two_Commonly_Used_Fungicides_Indofil_and_Raxil_in_Drosophila_Melanogaster_Meigen">Toxic, Genotoxic and Cytological Effects of Two Commonly Used Fungicides, Indofil and Raxil, in Drosophila Melanogaster Meigen</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of research</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Toxic, genotoxic and cytological effects of two very commonly used seed-tretament fungicides, Ind...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Toxic, genotoxic and cytological effects of two very commonly used seed-tretament fungicides, Indofil and Raxil, were studied on Drosophila melanogaster. In Drosophila no toxicity to the adults was observed with Indofil upto 3,00,000 ppm and with Raxil upto 2,50,000 ppm. With the increase in the dose of Indofil and Raxil, there was decrease in egg-to-adult development. The LC50 (lethal concentration 50 w.r.t. egg-to-adult development) values for Indofil and Raxil, as calculated by probit regression analysis, were found to be 650 and 12,500 ppm, respectively. Thus Indofil was found to be 19.23 times more toxic than Raxil on Drosophila larvae. At LC50 dose, Indofil failed to induce any complete SLRLs in 300 sperm tested. However, Raxil at LC50 dose, induced only one complete SLRL in 300 sperm tested. Both the chemicals induced semi-SLRLs (Indofil 6.33%; Raxil 12.33%). Neither of the two chemicals at their LC50 doses induced any chromosomal abnormality in salivary gland chromosomes of D. melanogaster.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624224"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624224"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624224; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624224]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624224]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624224; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624224']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624224]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624224,"title":"Toxic, Genotoxic and Cytological Effects of Two Commonly Used Fungicides, Indofil and Raxil, in Drosophila Melanogaster Meigen","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624224/Toxic_Genotoxic_and_Cytological_Effects_of_Two_Commonly_Used_Fungicides_Indofil_and_Raxil_in_Drosophila_Melanogaster_Meigen","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624223"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624223/Pentatricopeptide_repeat_proteins_II_Present_status_and_future_prospects_of_PPR_based_programmable_RNA_editing_in_crop_improvement"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins: II. Present status and future prospects of PPR-based programmable RNA editing in crop improvement" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624223/Pentatricopeptide_repeat_proteins_II_Present_status_and_future_prospects_of_PPR_based_programmable_RNA_editing_in_crop_improvement">Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins: II. Present status and future prospects of PPR-based programmable RNA editing in crop improvement</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Crop Improvement</span><span>, Jan 24, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT RNA editing plays a major role in modulating gene expression. In higher plants, RNA edit...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT RNA editing plays a major role in modulating gene expression. In higher plants, RNA editing has been observed in nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial transcripts. In a companion paper, we have discussed the involvement of pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins in RNA editing in plants. In this review, we focus on the development of PPR protein-based programmable RNA editing (PRE) technology and its application to crop improvement. Site-directed RNA editing (SDRE) involves recruitment of RNA-editing enzymes to specific sites at selected transcripts. Limitations of SDRE have shifted the focus of researchers toward the PRE, wherein the RNA-binding platforms are engineered for the recognition of specific target sites. PRE tools include dead CRISPR/Cas-based or PPR protein-based platforms. REPAIR, CIRTS, RESCUE, RESTORE, and LEAPER are the five platforms based on the CRISPR-Cas system. Multiple organellar RNA-editing factors work well in association with the PPR proteins for an efficient and precise RNA editing at the target sites by forming an editosome. In this review, we highlight the PRE approaches that have potential to rectify defects attributable to single-base changes in plants through precise RNA-transcript editing, with no off-target effects in the genome, which will ultimately have a positive impact on crop improvement.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624223"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624223"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624223; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624223]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624223]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624223; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624223']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624223]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624223,"title":"Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins: II. Present status and future prospects of PPR-based programmable RNA editing in crop improvement","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624223/Pentatricopeptide_repeat_proteins_II_Present_status_and_future_prospects_of_PPR_based_programmable_RNA_editing_in_crop_improvement","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624222"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624222/Plant_gene_expression_control_using_genome_and_epigenome_editing_technologies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Plant gene expression control using genome- and epigenome-editing technologies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692941/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624222/Plant_gene_expression_control_using_genome_and_epigenome_editing_technologies">Plant gene expression control using genome- and epigenome-editing technologies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Crop Improvement</span><span>, Oct 28, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this review, we present some specific examples of plant species only where modulation of gene ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this review, we present some specific examples of plant species only where modulation of gene regulation has been achieved via genome-editing and epigenome-editing technologies. Among genome-editing tools used in plants are zinc-finger nucleases in maize (Zea mays L.); transcription activator-like effector nucleases in rice (Oryza sativa L.), sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) in O. sativa and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). A large number of epigenome-editing tools based on small RNAs have been employed for controlling plant gene expression in thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana), O. sativa, potato (Solanum tuberosum), and Z. mays. RNAi-based tools have been used in A. thaliana; RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) in A. thaliana; and RdDM involving transgenically produced exogenous small interfering RNAs in O. sativa. Site-specific DNA-binding proteins that have been successfully repurposed to function as DNA-binding domains of epigenomeediting tools include zinc-finger proteins, transcription activatorlike effectors, and dead Cas9 complexed with single-guide RNA. Zinc-finger-based epigenome-editing tools have been applied in A. thaliana and O. sativa; and transcription activator-like effector and dead Cas9-based tools in O. sativa and A. thaliana, respectively. Targeting-induced-local-lesions-in-genomes approach has been employed in muskmelon (Cucumis melo). Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were epigenetically modified in A. thaliana and O. sativa. In vitro tissue culture-based epigenome-editing DNA and/or histone modifications have been achieved in Caribbean agave (Agave angustifolia), Henequen (Agave fourcroydes), A. thaliana, common tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), O. sativa, pine (Pinus radiata), and Z. mays.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="36d032b106d464dc6c26959c8d28a700" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107692941,"asset_id":109624222,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692941/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624222"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624222"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624222; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624222]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624222]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624222; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624222']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "36d032b106d464dc6c26959c8d28a700" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624222]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624222,"title":"Plant gene expression control using genome- and epigenome-editing technologies","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624222/Plant_gene_expression_control_using_genome_and_epigenome_editing_technologies","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":107692941,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692941/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"15427528.2019.167854120231123-1-ngdkzn.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692941/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Plant_gene_expression_control_using_geno.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/107692941/15427528.2019.167854120231123-1-ngdkzn-libre.pdf?1700708802=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPlant_gene_expression_control_using_geno.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=PJ1fmvsFwHcRY4nAHuDTbaoNreKS0WHA2g1ivPMMp6v8fo-KfIaLHVHw-0f3lqKqCLzhThjLxMz5VHWEsTDZkErvxSmsfXCnuWS9Okg1vz9GWOqxts2yAPcDUqODxYX-NPYXmnnp1hOyDaoZ9ul1X8y~rGlNe5gloXwUeZ3VYQq5taxfVMw6a1hKwvxEwGAuy0HNu24ox~fWxx7DrCg59oExBSCt5uY52S~g4oILd73uc3QU21IwiRIGn6SZSnUOSmW14tM51spVo69-gtibLFMPaz55fguu80d8Z4nkjOJDrQnZwZXyUt6uwHKO4tdy8mLVtNZaGY6YKmYiHi2XlA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624221"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624221/Current_Scenario_of_RNA_Interference_Based_Control_of_Insect_and_Mite_Pests_of_Fruit_Crops"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Current Scenario of RNA Interference-Based Control of Insect and Mite Pests of Fruit Crops" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624221/Current_Scenario_of_RNA_Interference_Based_Control_of_Insect_and_Mite_Pests_of_Fruit_Crops">Current Scenario of RNA Interference-Based Control of Insect and Mite Pests of Fruit Crops</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Springer eBooks</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624221"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624221"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624221; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624221]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624221]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624221; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624221']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624221]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624221,"title":"Current Scenario of RNA Interference-Based Control of Insect and Mite Pests of Fruit Crops","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624221/Current_Scenario_of_RNA_Interference_Based_Control_of_Insect_and_Mite_Pests_of_Fruit_Crops","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624220"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624220/Genome_Editing_A_Comprehensive_Treatise"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Genome Editing: A Comprehensive Treatise" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692940/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624220/Genome_Editing_A_Comprehensive_Treatise">Genome Editing: A Comprehensive Treatise</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4cddffd649e2f7af78d67436d60c3d6e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107692940,"asset_id":109624220,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692940/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624220"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624220"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624220; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624220]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624220]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624220; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624220']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4cddffd649e2f7af78d67436d60c3d6e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624220]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624220,"title":"Genome Editing: A Comprehensive Treatise","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624220/Genome_Editing_A_Comprehensive_Treatise","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":107692940,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692940/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"cropsci2019.01.0001br20231123-1-189qap.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692940/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Genome_Editing_A_Comprehensive_Treatise.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/107692940/cropsci2019.01.0001br20231123-1-189qap-libre.pdf?1700708793=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGenome_Editing_A_Comprehensive_Treatise.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=O9p8zyJbWBsSIgTxZTJ6tEd6ZtAgFOGh5nsLcpan2QV6HQZueX7FSfQNgo3TPlic-eSq~busuG2Jm5KFLII7MExR~e2rnAQ7jqqhnlkUZ19GlzbBKi31cFjsYaZYlPrSiTGwSusVJshehLjZ0SRhKfsPaCAw035T-rWPqhujN2ysrwooJPDZr0WGOMdy9mQ47w~Ylg-lgijL-FDOB-DYHUOwfCklpurQHZtQ52BYDlDO0d9wlfpKjp4c~XO6jWk9oJ3gSwZIc61fYGhfLoZYON1M0vXEGMxDIelvukBoFCFZ9rkQNKfOtrP3kDczrn1WGjWiQQ~zFQDCA5t4czZ7GA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624219"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624219/Cryptic_Variants_at_the_Adh_Locus_in_Drosophila_melanogaster"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cryptic Variants at the Adh Locus in Drosophila melanogaster" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624219/Cryptic_Variants_at_the_Adh_Locus_in_Drosophila_melanogaster">Cryptic Variants at the Adh Locus in Drosophila melanogaster</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing eBooks</span><span>, Sep 6, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Fifty-two specially constructed isochromosomal lines from 16 Mexican strains of D. melanogaster w...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Fifty-two specially constructed isochromosomal lines from 16 Mexican strains of D. melanogaster were employed to ascertain the extent of genetic variation of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity between and within the populations, and to investigate the regulatory mechanisms which operate to control enzyme activity levels during development. Native ADH activity for each line was assayed spectrophotometrically. Variation in ADH activity was demonstrated among and within the populations. The native ADH activity levels of the lines when compared to those after treatment with guanidine hydrochloride, urea and heat revealed that while some lines for the AdhI or AdhII allele were highly susceptible to these denaturants others showed a high degree of resistance. These observations clearly indicated that cryptic variation at a biochemical level does exist among and within the populations of D. melanogaster. Significant correlations were noted between the native ADH activity and the enzyme activity after treatment. The cryptic variant lines exhibited modifications in terms of their susceptibility/ resistance properties during different developmental stages under variable temperatures.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624219"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624219"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624219; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624219]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624219]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624219; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624219']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624219]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624219,"title":"Cryptic Variants at the Adh Locus in Drosophila melanogaster","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624219/Cryptic_Variants_at_the_Adh_Locus_in_Drosophila_melanogaster","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624218"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624218/Plant_Cells_and_their_Organelles"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Plant Cells and their Organelles" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692939/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624218/Plant_Cells_and_their_Organelles">Plant Cells and their Organelles</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Wiley eBooks</span><span>, Nov 11, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dce34721ee3c548bb08b99eb62d0489b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107692939,"asset_id":109624218,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692939/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624218"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624218"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624218; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624218]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624218]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624218; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624218']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dce34721ee3c548bb08b99eb62d0489b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624218]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624218,"title":"Plant Cells and their Organelles","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624218/Plant_Cells_and_their_Organelles","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":107692939,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692939/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"cropsci2017.07.0001br20231123-1-kqbpk1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692939/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Plant_Cells_and_their_Organelles.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/107692939/cropsci2017.07.0001br20231123-1-kqbpk1-libre.pdf?1700708791=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPlant_Cells_and_their_Organelles.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=fgVNKr3ToSxt6Oj9JUUGfqThpyZijPqPqV8smYtZ1-bOzxGkF-dtMGzfo31gerbV~th3TE40F4AzCGydmkunh9uaZO7eRqSEgus6Jee3lKq~FluSQMLx4LoeVz0ikZCqe7n0sKHNOxxdEpaEPC8VnBeInGmrpVdK3np~Thm8ScAuoGM8V3OudmUY~RqC3v7SMXIDzlPkeLF6QC1rgGBNb1mN475CD-leJThZSCSWo40HZpxVtDUzJQ4UjAa5gNwWDkMYCj6kxUisORNBSUoEZ8~S6gfEC4V~56T8gWrxycchR7myL0o1D0yp4gU0XPA~Upnahya2S8gsFyLqmpkLOQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624217"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624217/Genome_editing_in_crop_improvement_Present_scenario_and_future_prospects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Genome editing in crop improvement: Present scenario and future prospects" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624217/Genome_editing_in_crop_improvement_Present_scenario_and_future_prospects">Genome editing in crop improvement: Present scenario and future prospects</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Crop Improvement</span><span>, Jul 4, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT Genome editing refers to a process by which a specific chromosomal sequence is changed. ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT Genome editing refers to a process by which a specific chromosomal sequence is changed. The edited chromosomal sequence may comprise an insertion of at least one nucleotide, a deletion of at least one nucleotide, and/or a substitution of at least one nucleotide. Genome editing is a relatively new technology that is gaining importance as a tool for crop improvement because of its advantages over routinely used methods of genetic engineering. Genome-editing technology is precise and efficient. Genome editing is now considered a safe technique because no foreign sequences are left behind in the final genome-edited organism (GEO). Genome editing involves the induction of double-stranded breaks (DSBs) at specific sites of DNA, which turns on endogenous repair mechanisms—homology-dependent repair (HDR)—when homologous sequences are present, and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) in the absence of homologous sequences. During repair, site-specific mutations are produced. A range of molecular tools for inducing DSBs at specific sites of a genome is available with genome editors. One category of such molecular scissors include engineered and programmable site-specific nucleases (SSNs), such as meganucleases (MNs), also known as homing nucleases (HNs), zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and RNA-guided nuclease (RGN) systems, the most widely used RGN being the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated system 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), and DNA-guided nuclease (DGN) system, i.e., NgAgo (an acronym for Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute). Transposons and Group II intron retro-transposition have also been employed in genome editing. Some new genome-editing approaches have also emerged under the umbrella of triplex technology, which are based on antisense technology and make use of diverse types of oligonucleotide-linked nucleases, triplex-forming oligonucleotides, nucleic acid analogs, peptide nucleic acids, and aptamers for providing homologous sequences for HDR. Some engineered animal viruses such as lentiviruses, adeno-associated viruses, recombinant adeno-associated viruses, and adenoviruses (AdVs) and plant viruses such as RNA viruses, tobacco rattle virus (TRV), and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses called geminiviruses have been used as genome-editing devices that act as delivery vehicles of SSNs. Easy programmability of CRISPR/Cas9 and the development of its modified versions have shown versatility in their functions and have been successfully applied in yeast, animals, human and nonhuman cell lines, and embryos for gene therapy. The CRISPR/Cas-produced gene drives could potentially prevent the spread of disease, support agriculture by reversing pesticide and herbicide resistance in insects and weeds, and control damaging invasive species. The NgAgo is still a developing technology although it has shown promise and some advantages over CRISPR/Cas systems. However, CRISPR/Cas systems still dominate the plant genome-editing scenario. This is the reason that the present review deals in detail with various aspects of CRISPR/Cas systems but briefly with other genome-editing tools. Safety, legal, intellectual property (IP), and regulatory issues need to be addressed to the satisfaction of scientists, farmers, and consumers to fully exploit the potentials of different platforms of genome-editing technology in crop improvement and other areas such as animal improvement, microbial engineering, and gene therapy.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624217"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624217"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624217; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624217]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624217]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624217; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624217']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624217]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624217,"title":"Genome editing in crop improvement: Present scenario and future prospects","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624217/Genome_editing_in_crop_improvement_Present_scenario_and_future_prospects","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624216"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624216/Intervention_of_Modern_Genetic_Tools_for_Managing_Insect_Pests_of_Fruit_Crops"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Intervention of Modern Genetic Tools for Managing Insect Pests of Fruit Crops" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624216/Intervention_of_Modern_Genetic_Tools_for_Managing_Insect_Pests_of_Fruit_Crops">Intervention of Modern Genetic Tools for Managing Insect Pests of Fruit Crops</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624216"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624216"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624216; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624216]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624216]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624216; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624216']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624216]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624216,"title":"Intervention of Modern Genetic Tools for Managing Insect Pests of Fruit Crops","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624216/Intervention_of_Modern_Genetic_Tools_for_Managing_Insect_Pests_of_Fruit_Crops","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624215"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624215/Changes_in_native_alcohol_dehydrogenase_activity_ofDrosophila_upon_treatment_with_guanidine_hydrochloride_urea_and_heat"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Changes in native alcohol dehydrogenase activity ofDrosophila upon treatment with guanidine hydrochloride, urea and heat" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624215/Changes_in_native_alcohol_dehydrogenase_activity_ofDrosophila_upon_treatment_with_guanidine_hydrochloride_urea_and_heat">Changes in native alcohol dehydrogenase activity ofDrosophila upon treatment with guanidine hydrochloride, urea and heat</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Biosciences</span><span>, Sep 1, 1981</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT Fifty-two isochromosomal lines ofDrosophila melanogaster were examined for the existence...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT Fifty-two isochromosomal lines ofDrosophila melanogaster were examined for the existence of additional genetic variations in ADH activity subsequent to treatment With guanidine hydrochloride, urea and heat. A wealth of hidden variation was discovered among and within the Mexican populations of the insect after treatment with the denaturants.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624215"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624215"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624215; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624215]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624215]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624215; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624215']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624215]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624215,"title":"Changes in native alcohol dehydrogenase activity ofDrosophila upon treatment with guanidine hydrochloride, urea and heat","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624215/Changes_in_native_alcohol_dehydrogenase_activity_ofDrosophila_upon_treatment_with_guanidine_hydrochloride_urea_and_heat","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624214"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624214/Fundamentals_of_Genetics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Fundamentals of Genetics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624214/Fundamentals_of_Genetics">Fundamentals of Genetics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624214"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624214"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624214; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624214]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624214]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624214; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624214']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624214]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624214,"title":"Fundamentals of Genetics","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624214/Fundamentals_of_Genetics","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624213"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624213/Ethyl_methanesulphonate_induced_male_recombination_and_chromosomal_aberrations_in_Drosophila_melanogaster"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ethyl methanesulphonate-induced male recombination and chromosomal aberrations in Drosophila melanogaster" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624213/Ethyl_methanesulphonate_induced_male_recombination_and_chromosomal_aberrations_in_Drosophila_melanogaster">Ethyl methanesulphonate-induced male recombination and chromosomal aberrations in Drosophila melanogaster</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding</span><span>, 1995</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS)-induced stable chromosomal aberrations did not show a direct associ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS)-induced stable chromosomal aberrations did not show a direct association with male recombination in Drosophila although one out of four chromosomal aberrations observed in the TCI larvae overlapped the dp-b region. Highest ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624213"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624213"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624213; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624213]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624213]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624213; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624213']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624213]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624213,"title":"Ethyl methanesulphonate-induced male recombination and chromosomal aberrations in Drosophila melanogaster","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624213/Ethyl_methanesulphonate_induced_male_recombination_and_chromosomal_aberrations_in_Drosophila_melanogaster","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624212"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624212/Drosophila_alcohol_dehydrogenase_Developmental_studies_on_cryptic_variant_lines"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase: Developmental studies on cryptic variant lines" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692924/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624212/Drosophila_alcohol_dehydrogenase_Developmental_studies_on_cryptic_variant_lines">Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase: Developmental studies on cryptic variant lines</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Biochemical Genetics</span><span>, Oct 1, 1981</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f6972d5300bb27e1cd6124c97ce05218" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107692924,"asset_id":109624212,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692924/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624212"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624212"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624212; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624212]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624212]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624212; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624212']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f6972d5300bb27e1cd6124c97ce05218" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624212]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624212,"title":"Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase: Developmental studies on cryptic variant lines","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624212/Drosophila_alcohol_dehydrogenase_Developmental_studies_on_cryptic_variant_lines","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":107692924,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692924/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"download.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692924/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Drosophila_alcohol_dehydrogenase_Develop.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/107692924/download-libre.pdf?1700708796=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDrosophila_alcohol_dehydrogenase_Develop.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=MgU4XlKfL99j9XlGE2dGEqRnn74TNyhjRr7gJio~BnFOZbNNCwf89Ai~fdfu5h00Meqpn1wLVTqbgcNb370EwE2p6IDQXANSVUcIOdZwjUNCye~SB~Ot8ECfv02FB4uJi6RmgehuhlRFaS6HEj7mxxxGlCzimD5BrXqcOIqz~grBpXVhLK3WPcvxE8J5udaADzX9gXM7RKGIErAUBNFlIeR0RDlQZNrDv~qXw~HohYWO8wscnfxi~HUT6sQPZpXQHJW2RLlrhWsNXRB3~6BEGFi1LUjF5W3XkyAyrNVLKGSHFrwxm3qytiXCbl3ai6lM8ir7AyzjGOYvb~pROpNhMg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":107692923,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692923/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"download.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692923/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Drosophila_alcohol_dehydrogenase_Develop.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/107692923/download-libre.pdf?1700708795=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDrosophila_alcohol_dehydrogenase_Develop.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=C~hr2ChVZJDG9F0zomzzFfYz2i3NxDn1~vvl9o3dmRixRbwSkgIZW-yXtT3ewwgx6Q0vL15he20m7OXFYU8~qbLekwab1kZkiiRm7o~Ljfg3jJo8d5OfVjBv2rrLzLY3Tu602amDQxuzsmzbIzk~6YGFjDgtZHwQm41hoaT5iqh8fpqMrIBQaE-NI7CX9a0OVEjCpKkGZPOGLzgoKjrOmGhpk~3Zvpr26ZjIwWiA2fWj2mf5DJ~J4jNSMc~ClPC~~upl6PHXvza6-WiCmzQVwUEG5xXY7T79qvYk8cCn6tMO7Pa-D0NMMF~pn5z4dtaanGYn5AfnIpVTKCa9rlJHfw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624211"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624211/Transmission_of_male_recombination_segregation_distortion_and_sex_ratio_imbalance_inDrosophila_melanogaster"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Transmission of male recombination, segregation distortion and sex-ratio imbalance inDrosophila melanogaster" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108887066/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624211/Transmission_of_male_recombination_segregation_distortion_and_sex_ratio_imbalance_inDrosophila_melanogaster">Transmission of male recombination, segregation distortion and sex-ratio imbalance inDrosophila melanogaster</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Biosciences</span><span>, Mar 1, 1986</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">From the first test cross progenies of control (no larval transfers; no ethyl methanesulphonate),...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">From the first test cross progenies of control (no larval transfers; no ethyl methanesulphonate), physical stress (two larval transfers; no ethyl methanesulphonate) and 0•75% ethyl methanesulphonate (two larval transfers; 0•75% ethyl methanesulphonate)treated F 1 (Oregon Κ + /dumpy black cinnabar, dp b cn) males of Drosophila melanogaster, respectively, 6,10 and 52 wild-looking first test cross males were again test crossed to obtain second generation. The overall percentages of male recombination detected in the second test cross progenies, in the three sets of experiments, were statistically the same as those in the first test cross progenies. Thus the enhanced male recombination caused by physical stress (with or without ethyl methanesulphonate) was transmitted to next generation. Non-reciprocal male recombination was observed in dp b but not in b cn region in both first and second test cross progenies. Three abnormalities, (i) production of wild-type flies in majority over dp b cn type, (ii) Non-Mendelian segregation at dp b and cn loci and (iii) sex-ratio differences for dp b cn and + b cn types observed in test cross progenies of F 1 males of Drosophila melanogaster were transmitted to next generation when induced with 0•75 % ethyl methanesulphonate but not when these abnormalities were induced with physical stress. The data suggest possible association of non-reciprocal male recombination, segregation distortion and sex-ratio imbalance in Drosophila melanogaster. In fact these may be representing different aspects of the same phenomenon.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f3340ccec25e82cdd5259108de09c0c0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108887066,"asset_id":109624211,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108887066/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624211"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624211"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624211; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624211]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624211]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624211; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624211']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f3340ccec25e82cdd5259108de09c0c0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624211]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624211,"title":"Transmission of male recombination, segregation distortion and sex-ratio imbalance inDrosophila melanogaster","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624211/Transmission_of_male_recombination_segregation_distortion_and_sex_ratio_imbalance_inDrosophila_melanogaster","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":108887066,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108887066/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"BF02702850.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108887066/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Transmission_of_male_recombination_segre.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108887066/BF02702850-libre.pdf?1702467660=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTransmission_of_male_recombination_segre.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=IR-6tvy-QKAmBYEYSkb68~sOvgtX1wg3WPBLnEjvY4MzIK4gNzb~WqKghz2IuN~F~x5tpeFlfmzKostiZFtxifDxty5hEjy2C2hv8Deuvv3sqWxv9LObJX9Ji0RARHsAxtYZHIUERsxrpEYJuKTr~FcWVyAZeryegwyUwBWwEnOTU9P9jAzi-OskVMpXu272yE7GkFfvzrtTYJyEI0dndV32h~HlGGNlI8Uupd8stk9N1aqO~QG~o~nsziYd5hXK39Vvs3vzWnrJ2dUIR08PlVqqPdhTm6X6aZuIrc5YTIVjFUfrXkCyi7LUQJil525QFhOjHt5ufxH8f4UCOTmFEQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624210"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624210/Detection_of_chromosomal_aberrations_in_the_progenies_of_hydroxylammonium_sulphate_induced_recombinants_in_males_ofDrosophila_melanogaster"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Detection of chromosomal aberrations in the progenies of hydroxylammonium sulphate-induced recombinants in males ofDrosophila melanogaster" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108887072/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624210/Detection_of_chromosomal_aberrations_in_the_progenies_of_hydroxylammonium_sulphate_induced_recombinants_in_males_ofDrosophila_melanogaster">Detection of chromosomal aberrations in the progenies of hydroxylammonium sulphate-induced recombinants in males ofDrosophila melanogaster</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings: Animal Sciences</span><span>, Jul 1, 1990</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Chromosomal aberrations were detected in the progenies of hydroxylammonium sulphate-induced recom...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Chromosomal aberrations were detected in the progenies of hydroxylammonium sulphate-induced recombinants of aristaless-dumpy and dumpy-black regions of the males of Drosophila melanogaster. When males from homozygous lines derived from these male recombinants were crossed to females from an aberration-free stock, the chromosomal aberrations were not recovered in recombinant heterozygotes. Implications of these observations are discussed in relation to role of chromosomal aberrations in induced male recombination in D. melanogaster.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="72582c5764df1fa3019d1cef2efe2789" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108887072,"asset_id":109624210,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108887072/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624210"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624210"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624210; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624210]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624210]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624210; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624210']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "72582c5764df1fa3019d1cef2efe2789" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624210]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624210,"title":"Detection of chromosomal aberrations in the progenies of hydroxylammonium sulphate-induced recombinants in males ofDrosophila melanogaster","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624210/Detection_of_chromosomal_aberrations_in_the_progenies_of_hydroxylammonium_sulphate_induced_recombinants_in_males_ofDrosophila_melanogaster","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":108887072,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108887072/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"BF03186399.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108887072/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Detection_of_chromosomal_aberrations_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108887072/BF03186399-libre.pdf?1702467659=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDetection_of_chromosomal_aberrations_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=fezEEwP61VFBkCRq58cc1n7Ip4epdPSqG2i5YfRxpihz4uiaIfJbzBUO1FYGD0jcgffWjtlwvxCKdf4P2DMrCLTriFRsVMSrsFZr2GTw1hZ3MRgHwkfLta0hw6DBjEHB~vI7zLNf36RJbbycsw8O~T6PSeOTzrezAJhmPJnie6YjCAtD8m7VrMRpLnRBQsERkTdCQXMmCZpT-9HWvhuV8J6hSldoiUqzj9K4AKRuYjxnFY9PrMWRSRdNhdafMV8Ttl5rSDrbH6NBISuwKqx~oNnkuU-PIG-06jY0onsP4xC14ulOYyeIRd1ItEie63CAybqHSpSfZ9Ck~1oloiyItw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624209"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624209/Dictionary_of_Plant_Genetics_and_Molecular_Biology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dictionary of Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624209/Dictionary_of_Plant_Genetics_and_Molecular_Biology">Dictionary of Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge eBooks</span><span>, Nov 22, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... I appreciate the hard and sincere work put in by Mr. Gagandeep Singh of Rax Computer Educatio...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... I appreciate the hard and sincere work put in by Mr. Gagandeep Singh of Rax Computer Education, Ludhiana, for meticulously typing the manuscript. Blessings of my mother, Smt. Apar Kaur, have always boosted my morale. ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624209"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624209"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624209; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624209]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624209]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624209; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624209']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624209]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624209,"title":"Dictionary of Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624209/Dictionary_of_Plant_Genetics_and_Molecular_Biology","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624208"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624208/Leveraging_photosynthetic_efficiency_toward_improving_crop_yields"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Leveraging photosynthetic efficiency toward improving crop yields" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692938/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624208/Leveraging_photosynthetic_efficiency_toward_improving_crop_yields">Leveraging photosynthetic efficiency toward improving crop yields</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Crop Improvement</span><span>, Oct 13, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Increasing photosynthetic efficiency is important in improving plant productivity. Photosynthetic...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Increasing photosynthetic efficiency is important in improving plant productivity. Photosynthetic efficiency is still not exploited to its fullest potential for maximizing carbon capture. The purpose of this review is to discuss the factors that affect photosynthetic efficiency and explore diverse routes to enhance photosynthetic efficiency, which would pave the way for future researches for harnessing yield benefits. In this review, we first discuss general details about photosynthesis, association of photosynthetic pigment to key plant traits, factors involved in regulation of photosynthetic metabolism, strategies for enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, and benefits of increased carbon assimilation through manipulation of photosynthetic efficiency. We then expounded on how optimized photosynthesis can improve crop yield, and enhance efficiency of plant system to cope with abiotic constraints. Finally, we discuss epigenetic regulation of photosynthetic components for yield enhancement, and the way forward.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f708cc0fef9cd48ef9ff0c9a19030440" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107692938,"asset_id":109624208,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692938/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624208"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624208"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624208; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624208]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624208]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624208; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624208']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f708cc0fef9cd48ef9ff0c9a19030440" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624208]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624208,"title":"Leveraging photosynthetic efficiency toward improving crop yields","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624208/Leveraging_photosynthetic_efficiency_toward_improving_crop_yields","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":107692938,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107692938/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"15427528.2020.182416820231123-1-nxmeab.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107692938/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Leveraging_photosynthetic_efficiency_tow.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/107692938/15427528.2020.182416820231123-1-nxmeab-libre.pdf?1700708802=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLeveraging_photosynthetic_efficiency_tow.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=QqcwG8Y4OhjjpU-jKTo05TalEHhlHJqzbXPZ3lJXKwMvE5bHc9RPJlA1FyM7PXO5NjZX0dpHyf-DaubSI93Of24CRo5rj974MuVh7-koTlIwKdaDFN9BivlY2VOBZlStO0jfnO9RfIqzjlHEVuS2fukUr5Cmfl8wGoEMTZ5SevQbhRrJrZ7VZLHIIsSDPKeU83xAgiaz5Z7n9r5IARam4b~AKvdq1KBtqepBYmroLS7Fba6~0Qoo3sSRluAQWFk52JDfNCTxqtM~16V2kGZczWzFBdh~zAyUJZ~uORxkAs7XRZSpDRd~mF01XwjqzYrhZHdwBu8FSx8qMJUxAqGIkg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109624207"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624207/Gradual_decline_of_formaldehyde_induced_male_recombination_in_successive_generations_of_Drosophila_melanogaster"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gradual decline of formaldehyde-induced male recombination in successive generations of Drosophila melanogaster" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109624207/Gradual_decline_of_formaldehyde_induced_male_recombination_in_successive_generations_of_Drosophila_melanogaster">Gradual decline of formaldehyde-induced male recombination in successive generations of Drosophila melanogaster</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Indian journal of experimental biology</span><span>, 1994</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Transmission of formaldehyde (FA)-induced male recombination was studied in D. melanogaster for t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Transmission of formaldehyde (FA)-induced male recombination was studied in D. melanogaster for three generations. Among recombinants, al dp was the most and b pr the next most frequent phenotype in the progenies of F1, TC1, TC2 and TC3 males of genotype + /al dp br. Non-reciprocal male recombination for dp-b and b-pr regions whereas reciprocal male recombination for al-dp region were noted. Percentages of recombinants observed in TC1 (1.052), TC2 (0.876), TC3 (0.698) and TC4 (0.497) progenies of D. melanogaster males were not statistically different from each other in any two successive generations. A continuous but gradual decline in the frequency of FA-induced male recombination was observed in the three subsequent generations studied.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109624207"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109624207"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624207; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624207]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109624207]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109624207; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109624207']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109624207]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109624207,"title":"Gradual decline of formaldehyde-induced male recombination in successive generations of Drosophila melanogaster","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109624207/Gradual_decline_of_formaldehyde_induced_male_recombination_in_successive_generations_of_Drosophila_melanogaster","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="16234799" id="drafts"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="89693102"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/89693102/BRIEF_CV_OF_Dr_GURBACHAN_S_MIGLANI"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of BRIEF CV OF Dr GURBACHAN S. MIGLANI" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/93443799/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/89693102/BRIEF_CV_OF_Dr_GURBACHAN_S_MIGLANI">BRIEF CV OF Dr GURBACHAN S. MIGLANI</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>CV of Dr G.S. Miglani</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e93a84b1a42cdb3b0206d9a7e6b49360" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":93443799,"asset_id":89693102,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/93443799/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="89693102"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="89693102"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89693102; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89693102]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89693102]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89693102; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='89693102']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e93a84b1a42cdb3b0206d9a7e6b49360" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=89693102]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":89693102,"title":"BRIEF CV OF Dr GURBACHAN S. MIGLANI","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89693102/BRIEF_CV_OF_Dr_GURBACHAN_S_MIGLANI","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":93443799,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/93443799/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"CV_of_Dr_G.S._Miglani.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/93443799/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"BRIEF_CV_OF_Dr_GURBACHAN_S_MIGLANI.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/93443799/CV_of_Dr_G.S._Miglani.docx?1667303306=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBRIEF_CV_OF_Dr_GURBACHAN_S_MIGLANI.docx\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=aw~uHgkKdff8nOweRm-F6EurRk0CrrojQBQK1qoH9Pb~E2EdpAr0XUa6BOnMJR67GSVkxVBzjsaI-Gh4JPqkioCS9yOkWGg3rf5SgVXiPCtMOG6zwvl6Gciwqf3T3Iq65jac7btHZvIFdPWFjoilBvVuEHzKensCsStg4EI8fTz5ACMoq4AhSRQo5KOJErr6lEwND~isESj5lX1j2BdIR7MNvF~ZYKWxPLbNHcm0OxgOi-Cr5ezVTg~VI5rUamzHVuRLeFhZXAsKLicN0F3SYxcmqhhdT1puQFc0x~AzngrrL195WttbQ2EaRp9xM6nD-jIbHgx6wK0pJq7ahGUoAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="16234855" id="books"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="89693109"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/89693109/Cryptic_variants_at_the_Adh_locus_in_drosophila_melanogaster"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cryptic variants at the Adh locus in drosophila melanogaster" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/93443815/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/89693109/Cryptic_variants_at_the_Adh_locus_in_drosophila_melanogaster">Cryptic variants at the Adh locus in drosophila melanogaster</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cryptic variants at the Adh locus in drosophila melanogaster</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Fifty-two specially constructed isochromosomal lines from 16 Mexican strains of D. melanogaster w...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Fifty-two specially constructed isochromosomal lines from 16 Mexican strains of D. melanogaster were employed to ascertain the extent of genetic variation of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity between and within the populations, and to investigate the regulatory mechanisms which operate to control enzyme activity levels during development. Native ADH activity for each line was assayed spectrophotometrically. <br />Variation in ADH activity was demonstrated among and within the populations. The native ADH activity levels of the lines when compared to those after treatment with guanidine hydrochloride, urea and heat revealed that while some lines for the AdhI or AdhII allele were highly susceptible to these denaturants others showed a high degree of resistance. These observations clearly indicated that cryptic variation at a biochemical <br />level does exist among and within the populations of D. melanogaster. Significant correlations were noted between the native ADH activity and the enzyme activity after treatment. The cryptic variant lines exhibited modifications in terms of their susceptibility/ resistance properties during different developmental stages under variable temperatures. The results strongly suggested that the increased biochemical variation of ADH activity has adaptive significance for the individual during development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2fdba881d8011321b64ee33b3205f54e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":93443815,"asset_id":89693109,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/93443815/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="89693109"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="89693109"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89693109; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89693109]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89693109]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89693109; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='89693109']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2fdba881d8011321b64ee33b3205f54e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=89693109]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":89693109,"title":"Cryptic variants at the Adh locus in drosophila melanogaster","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89693109/Cryptic_variants_at_the_Adh_locus_in_drosophila_melanogaster","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":93443815,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/93443815/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Miglani_Ph.D._Thesis_Book_Reprint.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/93443815/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Cryptic_variants_at_the_Adh_locus_in_dro.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/93443815/Miglani_Ph.D._Thesis_Book_Reprint-libre.pdf?1667303698=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCryptic_variants_at_the_Adh_locus_in_dro.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=XS517OgYhoe5WOYtLmzFS~22Y0DVzgCJUGV7nnDrCrA5wXv~BTMOkmPrmyHTE7COfms3p8F15fUK6daHkz0-GqaApTu-kpcDqTDx9ffsOMIjgzd3fWYRiZ5simSVh95X2o3NSmdcAgrEhymIK5bDmTbL~3Ax0DFjsN~N1KI37A9190k2VykjDDw0JPW7~46w38-rnTBg6ucGOCeAwID3WSRkuRy1eC0otghgE8Fg9amPYrR7s4FIhr6hO3kIAVnuZ6SK38mwgdEBP2i48-GppBFK7YEeVQinhpyoxJ~BLjDCfzyx4TAIuUt7bbTphJoQUHnrU2laTLqW3IiA5b5hhQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="89693108"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/89693108/Epigenome_Editing_in_Crop_Improvement"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Epigenome Editing in Crop Improvement" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/93443811/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/89693108/Epigenome_Editing_in_Crop_Improvement">Epigenome Editing in Crop Improvement</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Quantitative Genetics, Genomics and Plant Breeding</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Experiments conducted so far on the use of epigenome editing in crop improvement have revealed en...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Experiments conducted so far on the use of epigenome editing in crop improvement have revealed encouraging results. Future work will reveal if epigenome editing fulfils its great promise in basic research and potentials of its usefulness in crop improvement. The CRISPR-Cas9 system has multiple benefits and that is why scientists mostly select this system for epigenome editing in several biological systems (Khan et  al., 2017). Crop improvement can and will be greatly impacted by the use of techniques related to epigenetics, epigenomics and the newly emerging field of epibreeding (Kapazoglou et  al., 2018). The successful use of induced epigenetic modifications in plants to improve the yield of field crops with minimal side effects will depend on how well we understand the connection between epigenetic change and phenotypic change.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d87aca1abc486f70be8bc1a8071ce016" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":93443811,"asset_id":89693108,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/93443811/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="89693108"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="89693108"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89693108; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89693108]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89693108]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89693108; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='89693108']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d87aca1abc486f70be8bc1a8071ce016" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=89693108]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":89693108,"title":"Epigenome Editing in Crop Improvement","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89693108/Epigenome_Editing_in_Crop_Improvement","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":93443811,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/93443811/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Miglani_Singh_2020_ch_5_Kang_Edited.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/93443811/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Epigenome_Editing_in_Crop_Improvement.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/93443811/Miglani_Singh_2020_ch_5_Kang_Edited-libre.pdf?1667303691=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEpigenome_Editing_in_Crop_Improvement.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=EwfC~bVUDSGYWdLkrOe1L-PvLuwmhvZbR3dBUYWIszP-3AkKAbn46W9Zl~9-bg~nJshFUAPHeuueW9fN211xLecbCKwuS-JdfL0v2iFZ-9ud-MJ9vzRPCte3JC1rY2cdX4R7xka-godgp5zn4M4sJS2SZa41RJsrd8e7tjdjIeS8DzGymDU6tsrp16mUuVGS3rSSlqHj8J1UvJVVJzlI9UHwKdJ8gVUvoZs43bM961LE7SOdAEp2PaTfHa8-rJV7fV3pRJFkH16PmrroCf0mJUOMbAffc-1RS~NlQDhoSlDnwdcgmEPhqap62DKlDgWod2LzgS-F56CGarvhyA24YQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="89693106"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/89693106/Flower_Development_and_Regulation_of_Flowering"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Flower Development and Regulation of Flowering" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/93443804/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/89693106/Flower_Development_and_Regulation_of_Flowering">Flower Development and Regulation of Flowering</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Four concentric whorls around the flanks of the meristem develop to form a typical flower in angi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Four concentric whorls around the flanks of the meristem develop to form a typical flower in angiosperms. From outer most to innermost, these four whorls are fated to become sepals, petals, stamens and ovary with two fused carpels. According to ABC model of flower development, three regions of floral meristem (A, B and C) and three types of genes (a, b and c) acting in these regions have regulatory functions. With the discovery of another class (E) of genes, a revised model, called ABCE model, was put forth which envisages four activities (A, B, C and E) around the four whorls in the flower. The specific function of four organs, namely, sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels, is based on the combination of these four activities in the flower. Initiation of flowering requires a shift from vegetative to reproductive phase. The multiprotein complexes of MADS-box proteins initiate the formation of concentric four whorls around the flower. The foremost step in reproduction is floral transition with the interplay activity of numerous external and internal signals. Flowers are derived from SAM. The emergence through environmental signals followed by changes in meristem and organ identity, stem cell termination and organogenesis mark the flower development process. The flower repression occurs only under specific environmental and developmental stage. Flowering time in non-inductive photoperiodic conditions need to be understood. The floral integrator gene Flowering locus T (FT) control flowering time in numerous plant species. FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) encodes a MADS domain protein that acts as a suppressor of flowering. The flowering time genes are involved in longday photoperiod, gibberellin, autonomous, and vernalization pathway. FLC regulation led to the emergence of chromatin-modifying systems that control the developmental shift from vegetative to flowering transition in plants. The suppressive H3K27me3 mark not only acts during floral induction by regulating FLC expression, and floral meristem recognition through leafy (LFY), it also contributes in the organogenesis during flower H3K4 demethylation, histone H3 Lysine-9 (H3K9) and H3 Lysine 27 (H3K27) methylation, and histone Arginine (R) methylation. The H3K4 hyper-trimethylation of FLC chromatin also corresponds to the flowering delay in winter-annual Arabidopsis. FLC in the Arabidopsis is suppressed by histone modifications through Vernalization 2 (VRN2) protein complex. The epigenetic factors reduce the flowering repression in winter to allow them to flower in spring season. Epigenetic modifications lead to the floral initiation and development through chromatin modifications under stress. The epigenetic mechanisms play vital role in the control of photoperiodic flowering. The genetic and epigenetic control on the complex network of flowering-regulatory mechanisms initiates flower formation in diverse plants, the understanding of which would be useful in future for elucidating the regulatory mechanism for better agricultural production.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="53acf1ccd5f8e8677ed897eba70a44f3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":93443804,"asset_id":89693106,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/93443804/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="89693106"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="89693106"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89693106; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89693106]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89693106]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89693106; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='89693106']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "53acf1ccd5f8e8677ed897eba70a44f3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=89693106]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":89693106,"title":"Flower Development and Regulation of Flowering","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89693106/Flower_Development_and_Regulation_of_Flowering","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":93443804,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/93443804/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Flower_Development_and_Regulation_of_Flowering_Miglani_Kaur.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/93443804/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Flower_Development_and_Regulation_of_Flo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/93443804/Flower_Development_and_Regulation_of_Flowering_Miglani_Kaur-libre.pdf?1667303705=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFlower_Development_and_Regulation_of_Flo.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=WmBL7U3pDTnSJ17kZE1ikTRta9hXaT2TgsyA-u~sPrP19SO6sc5WDfREWQ7Mw~JkuVK5JHBsi0sY1EMSWkYNPf7Nehh09ryQSjJYy-3umaFgFeaYlmqsl70p4emACw8vbg0eaiYntxgz5Vyd2eNSN40NPER~pxR5f0kGZYjy6vxwAN~2r6Ukeyr-Df25w1Obw5txNjB2H3nwu9VWMrUU3xoXOqGJcZcm6qaU8sBiM3rE2UfHp9Gb0fEfLDEtzXDJ9iZ8Ja2KAExWe~trZKF4pyL-5HC6LNUeJHXORk1jL~K0og2xM5HpBPnNwPXnRHhwAHzj6udaEVgjeNH4JfGw5g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="16235170" id="teachingdocuments"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="89693105"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/89693105/PILLARS_OF_MODERN_EDUCATION_SYSTEM"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of PILLARS OF MODERN EDUCATION SYSTEM" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/93443806/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/89693105/PILLARS_OF_MODERN_EDUCATION_SYSTEM">PILLARS OF MODERN EDUCATION SYSTEM</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Article</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A great teacher, curious learner(s)/student(s), state of the art infrastructure, and attractive ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A great teacher, curious learner(s)/student(s), state of the art  infrastructure, and attractive surroundings and healthy environment are four essential pillars of modern education system.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="08520185b9b81005b0d4015eac12ca14" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":93443806,"asset_id":89693105,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/93443806/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="89693105"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="89693105"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89693105; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89693105]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89693105]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89693105; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='89693105']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "08520185b9b81005b0d4015eac12ca14" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=89693105]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":89693105,"title":"PILLARS OF MODERN EDUCATION SYSTEM","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89693105/PILLARS_OF_MODERN_EDUCATION_SYSTEM","owner_id":40357797,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":40357797,"first_name":"Gurbachan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miglani","page_name":"GurbachanMiglani","domain_name":"pau-in","created_at":"2015-12-18T03:29:24.690-08:00","display_name":"Gurbachan Miglani","url":"https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani"},"attachments":[{"id":93443806,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/93443806/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"IAO_magazine_Aug_2019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/93443806/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"PILLARS_OF_MODERN_EDUCATION_SYSTEM.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/93443806/IAO_magazine_Aug_2019-libre.pdf?1667303715=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPILLARS_OF_MODERN_EDUCATION_SYSTEM.pdf\u0026Expires=1740306664\u0026Signature=UsIdFitXOkSWkRF82Z1VQ2kdo7HbFIXHO5io4lqu8yRy9nfTj9cxuxiGyVD6rq2YJQyj1Xf3dJ6RZKkkYNe4lqUN5sUzrZSSQThUZzrbhI0RUOr5Bt9IYk9W1JBjVGJJGUy7jahZhpYM0zY42Kwq~vTNbjYDP~PeZHLEV~Vphe3xfrpRGXnhHuRm8LzB2CEndpXs8TxUzC7QAax3~A~BB7Dmvf55CNUWRmtjG5QAk3zrSfVM82FZnawDUCA7saX0ICBgsUzu5LhPPt~87xEK5B9rA9e66s9l6d1mmxj08KVAwOlzNYoWhUWPDh9tZx~o4ScuKR~UalTHWxi87LuZlw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/google_contacts-0dfb882d836b94dbcb4a2d123d6933fc9533eda5be911641f20b4eb428429600.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $('.js-google-connect-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); GoogleContacts.authorize_and_show_contacts(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); $.ajax({ url: $r.api_v0_profiles_update_about_path({ subdomain_param: 'api', about: "", }), type: 'PUT', success: function(response) { location.reload(); } }); }); $('.js-work-creator-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_document_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-video-upload-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_video_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-do-this-later-button').click(function() { $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-do-this-later-button').click(function(){ $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--close').click(function(){ $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--panel').hide(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--button').click(function(){ Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserWorks({ initialWorksOffset: 20, allWorksOffset: 20, maxSections: 4 }) }); </script> </div></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile_edit-5ea339ee107c863779f560dd7275595239fed73f1a13d279d2b599a28c0ecd33.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/add_coauthor-22174b608f9cb871d03443cafa7feac496fb50d7df2d66a53f5ee3c04ba67f53.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/tab-dcac0130902f0cc2d8cb403714dd47454f11fc6fb0e99ae6a0827b06613abc20.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb window.ae = window.ae || {}; window.ae.WowProfile = window.ae.WowProfile || {}; if(Aedu.User.current && Aedu.User.current.id === $viewedUser.id) { window.ae.WowProfile.current_user_edit = {}; new WowProfileEdit.EditUploadView({ el: '.js-edit-upload-button-wrapper', model: window.$current_user, }); new AddCoauthor.AddCoauthorsController(); } var userInfoView = new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserInfo({ recaptcha_key: "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB" }); WowProfile.router = new WowProfile.Router({ userInfoView: userInfoView }); Backbone.history.start({ pushState: true, root: "/" + $viewedUser.page_name }); new WowProfile.UserWorksNav() }); </script> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "a2aea85c817e919efd1c40c2405980f65f25ab727a4e8c19ec842c490eeec825", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="jO7-qkXz9l152kEEGETl7MHhO53dAQMHrCY7i3cXeBPhl4mmCpMHcmlI5qsarhNF1h97OqXpgwqerC4CYF8FTw" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://pau-in.academia.edu/GurbachanMiglani" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="9KtpE-iU7I50dwdd8BMT56pdDojswQwZ7RFdsQUR_LiZ0h4fp_QdoWTloPLy-eVOvaNOL5QpjBTfm0g4ElmB5A" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>