CINXE.COM
The Guardian picture essay | The Guardian
<!doctype html> <html lang="en" > <head> <!-- Hello there, HTML enthusiast! --> <!-- DCR commit hash f9fa9fb34445d12f7c47db77dbd18bf0be60f4eb --> <title>The Guardian picture essay | The Guardian</title> <meta name="description" content="Picture-led storytelling brought to you by the Guardian picture desk" /> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,minimum-scale=1,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#052962" /> <link rel="manifest" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/manifest.json" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/icons/homescreen/apple-touch-icon.svg" sizes="any"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/icons/homescreen/apple-touch-icon-512.png" sizes="512x512"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/icons/homescreen/apple-touch-icon-360.png" sizes="360x360"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/icons/homescreen/apple-touch-icon-240.png" sizes="240x240"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/icons/homescreen/apple-touch-icon-120.png" sizes="120x120"> <link rel="icon" href="https://static.guim.co.uk/images/favicon-32x32.ico"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://i.guim.co.uk"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://j.ophan.co.uk"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://ophan.theguardian.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://sourcepoint.theguardian.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://i.guim.co.uk"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://j.ophan.co.uk"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://ophan.theguardian.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://hits-secure.theguardian.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://interactive.guim.co.uk"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://static.theguardian.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://support.theguardian.com"> <!-- no linked data --> <!-- TODO make this conditional when we support more content types --> <!-- no Amp link --> <link rel="preload" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff2" as="font" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.woff2" as="font" crossorigin> <!-- no Open Graph meta tags --> <meta name="twitter:dnt" content="on"> <!-- no Twitter meta tags --> <!-- This tag enables pages to be featured in Google Discover as large previews See: https://developers.google.com/search/docs/advanced/mobile/google-discover?hl=en&visit_id=637424198370039526-3805703503&rd=1 --> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <script> window.guardian = {"config":{"isDotcomRendering":true,"isDev":false,"stage":"PROD","frontendAssetsFullURL":"https://assets.guim.co.uk/","page":{"switches":{"lightbox":true,"abPrebidKeywords":true,"personaliseSignInGateAfterCheckout":true,"abSignInGateMainVariant":true,"prebidAppnexusUkRow":true,"prebidMagnite":true,"commercialMetrics":true,"prebidTrustx":true,"scAdFreeBanner":false,"adaptiveSite":true,"prebidPermutiveAudience":true,"compareVariantDecision":false,"enableSentryReporting":true,"lazyLoadContainers":true,"ampArticleSwitch":false,"remarketing":true,"articleEndSlot":true,"keyEventsCarousel":true,"registerWithPhone":false,"darkModeWeb":true,"targeting":true,"remoteHeader":true,"slotBodyEnd":true,"ampPrebidOzone":false,"extendedMostPopularFronts":true,"emailInlineInFooter":true,"showNewPrivacyWordingOnEmailSignupEmbeds":true,"prebidAnalytics":true,"extendedMostPopular":true,"ampContentAbTesting":false,"prebidCriteo":true,"okta":true,"imrWorldwide":true,"acast":true,"twitterUwt":true,"abAuxiaSignInGate":false,"abDeferPermutiveLoad":true,"prebidAppnexusInvcode":true,"ampPrebidPubmatic":false,"a9HeaderBidding":true,"prebidAppnexus":true,"enableDiscussionSwitch":true,"prebidXaxis":true,"stickyVideos":true,"interactiveFullHeaderSwitch":true,"discussionAllPageSize":true,"prebidUserSync":true,"audioOnwardJourneySwitch":true,"abMovePermutiveSegmentation":false,"brazeTaylorReport":false,"externalVideoEmbeds":true,"abTheTradeDesk":true,"callouts":true,"sentinelLogger":true,"geoMostPopular":true,"weAreHiring":false,"relatedContent":true,"thirdPartyEmbedTracking":true,"prebidOzone":true,"ampLiveblogSwitch":false,"ampAmazon":false,"prebidAdYouLike":true,"mostViewedFronts":true,"optOutAdvertising":true,"abSignInGateMainControl":true,"googleSearch":true,"abOptOutFrequencyCap":true,"brazeSwitch":true,"prebidKargo":true,"consentManagement":true,"idProfileNavigation":true,"confiantAdVerification":true,"discussionAllowAnonymousRecommendsSwitch":false,"dcrCrosswords":true,"absoluteServerTimes":false,"permutive":true,"comscore":true,"ampPrebidCriteo":false,"prebidTheTradeDesk":true,"loopVideoTest":false,"newsletterOnwards":false,"youtubeIma":true,"webFonts":true,"liveBlogTopSponsorship":true,"abAdBlockAsk":false,"ophan":true,"crosswordSvgThumbnails":true,"prebidTriplelift":true,"prebidPubmatic":true,"serverShareCounts":false,"autoRefresh":true,"enhanceTweets":true,"prebidIndexExchange":true,"prebidOpenx":true,"prebidHeaderBidding":true,"idCookieRefresh":true,"discussionPageSize":true,"smartAppBanner":false,"historyTags":true,"brazeContentCards":true,"remoteBanner":true,"emailSignupRecaptcha":true,"prebidSmart":true,"shouldLoadGoogletag":true,"inizio":true,"europeBetaFront":true},"abTests":{},"googletagUrl":"//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js","stage":"PROD","frontendAssetsFullURL":"https://assets.guim.co.uk/","ampIframeUrl":"https://assets.guim.co.uk/data/vendor/2533d5cb94302889e6a8f1b24b5329e7/amp-iframe.html","googleRecaptchaSiteKey":"6LdzlmsdAAAAALFH63cBVagSFPuuHXQ9OfpIDdMc","fbAppId":"180444840287","facebookIaAdUnitRoot":"facebook-instant-articles","locationapiurl":"/weatherapi/locations?query=","keywords":"The Guardian picture essay","avatarImagesUrl":"https://avatar.guim.co.uk","avatarApiUrl":"https://avatar.theguardian.com","membershipUrl":"https://membership.theguardian.com","ipsosTag":"guardian","isProd":true,"membershipAccess":"","allowUserGeneratedContent":false,"forecastsapiurl":"/weatherapi/forecast","supportUrl":"https://support.theguardian.com","commercialBundleUrl":"https://assets.guim.co.uk/commercial/47e59a6f2531251d895a/graun.standalone.commercial.js","idOAuthUrl":"https://oauth.theguardian.com","webTitle":"The Guardian picture essay","isFront":true,"idWebAppUrl":"https://oauth.theguardian.com","a9PublisherId":"3722","googleSearchUrl":"//www.google.co.uk/cse/cse.js","googleSearchId":"007466294097402385199:m2ealvuxh1i","idUrl":"https://profile.theguardian.com","hasSurveyAd":false,"omnitureAmpAccount":"guardiangu-thirdpartyapps","dfpAdUnitRoot":"theguardian.com","host":"https://www.theguardian.com","dfpAccountId":"59666047","plistaPublicApiKey":"462925f4f131001fd974bebe","hasLiveBlogTopAd":false,"dcrSentryDsn":"https://1937ab71c8804b2b8438178dfdd6468f@sentry.io/1377847","cardStyle":"","adUnit":"/59666047/theguardian.com/artanddesign/subsection/ng","discussionApiUrl":"https://discussion.theguardian.com/discussion-api","isSensitive":false,"ophanEmbedJsUrl":"//j.ophan.co.uk/ophan.embed","edition":"INT","brazeApiKey":"7f28c639-8bda-48ff-a3f6-24345abfc07c","userAttributesApiUrl":"https://members-data-api.theguardian.com/user-attributes","discussionApiClientHeader":"nextgen","section":"artanddesign","dfpHost":"pubads.g.doubleclick.net","weatherapiurl":"/weatherapi/city","sentryPublicApiKey":"344003a8d11c41d8800fbad8383fdc50","pillar":"","pageId":"artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay","references":[],"beaconUrl":"//phar.gu-web.net","discussionD2Uid":"zHoBy6HNKsk","ophanJsUrl":"//j.ophan.co.uk/ophan.ng","keywordIds":"artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay","contentType":"","isDev":false,"isAdFree":false,"stripePublicToken":"pk_live_2O6zPMHXNs2AGea4bAmq5R7Z","omnitureAccount":"guardiangu-network","externalEmbedHost":"https://embed.theguardian.com","thirdPartyAppsAccount":"guardiangu-thirdpartyapps","ajaxUrl":"https://api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk","mobileAppsAdUnitRoot":"beta-guardian-app","hasPageSkin":false,"requiresMembershipAccess":false,"revisionNumber":"DEV","optimizeEpicUrl":"https://support.theguardian.com/epic/control/index.html","assetsPath":"https://assets.guim.co.uk/","mmaUrl":"https://manage.theguardian.com","sentryHost":"app.getsentry.com/35463","buildNumber":"DEV","userBenefitsApiUrl":"https://user-benefits.guardianapis.com/benefits/me","sharedAdTargeting":{"se":["guardian-picture-essay"],"ct":"tag","url":"/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay","edition":"int","p":"ng"},"onwardWebSocket":"ws://api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk/recently-published","shouldHideAdverts":false,"idApiUrl":"https://idapi.theguardian.com","pbIndexSites":[{"bp":"D","id":208282},{"bp":"M","id":213552},{"bp":"T","id":215487}],"googletagJsUrl":"//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js","calloutsUrl":"https://callouts.guardianapis.com/formstack-campaign/submit","isPreview":false,"dcrCouldRender":true,"showRelatedContent":true,"shouldHideReaderRevenue":false,"isPaidContent":false},"libs":{"googletag":"//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"},"switches":{"lightbox":true,"abPrebidKeywords":true,"personaliseSignInGateAfterCheckout":true,"abSignInGateMainVariant":true,"prebidAppnexusUkRow":true,"prebidMagnite":true,"commercialMetrics":true,"prebidTrustx":true,"scAdFreeBanner":false,"adaptiveSite":true,"prebidPermutiveAudience":true,"compareVariantDecision":false,"enableSentryReporting":true,"lazyLoadContainers":true,"ampArticleSwitch":false,"remarketing":true,"articleEndSlot":true,"keyEventsCarousel":true,"registerWithPhone":false,"darkModeWeb":true,"targeting":true,"remoteHeader":true,"slotBodyEnd":true,"ampPrebidOzone":false,"extendedMostPopularFronts":true,"emailInlineInFooter":true,"showNewPrivacyWordingOnEmailSignupEmbeds":true,"prebidAnalytics":true,"extendedMostPopular":true,"ampContentAbTesting":false,"prebidCriteo":true,"okta":true,"imrWorldwide":true,"acast":true,"twitterUwt":true,"abAuxiaSignInGate":false,"abDeferPermutiveLoad":true,"prebidAppnexusInvcode":true,"ampPrebidPubmatic":false,"a9HeaderBidding":true,"prebidAppnexus":true,"enableDiscussionSwitch":true,"prebidXaxis":true,"stickyVideos":true,"interactiveFullHeaderSwitch":true,"discussionAllPageSize":true,"prebidUserSync":true,"audioOnwardJourneySwitch":true,"abMovePermutiveSegmentation":false,"brazeTaylorReport":false,"externalVideoEmbeds":true,"abTheTradeDesk":true,"callouts":true,"sentinelLogger":true,"geoMostPopular":true,"weAreHiring":false,"relatedContent":true,"thirdPartyEmbedTracking":true,"prebidOzone":true,"ampLiveblogSwitch":false,"ampAmazon":false,"prebidAdYouLike":true,"mostViewedFronts":true,"optOutAdvertising":true,"abSignInGateMainControl":true,"googleSearch":true,"abOptOutFrequencyCap":true,"brazeSwitch":true,"prebidKargo":true,"consentManagement":true,"idProfileNavigation":true,"confiantAdVerification":true,"discussionAllowAnonymousRecommendsSwitch":false,"dcrCrosswords":true,"absoluteServerTimes":false,"permutive":true,"comscore":true,"ampPrebidCriteo":false,"prebidTheTradeDesk":true,"loopVideoTest":false,"newsletterOnwards":false,"youtubeIma":true,"webFonts":true,"liveBlogTopSponsorship":true,"abAdBlockAsk":false,"ophan":true,"crosswordSvgThumbnails":true,"prebidTriplelift":true,"prebidPubmatic":true,"serverShareCounts":false,"autoRefresh":true,"enhanceTweets":true,"prebidIndexExchange":true,"prebidOpenx":true,"prebidHeaderBidding":true,"idCookieRefresh":true,"discussionPageSize":true,"smartAppBanner":false,"historyTags":true,"brazeContentCards":true,"remoteBanner":true,"emailSignupRecaptcha":true,"prebidSmart":true,"shouldLoadGoogletag":true,"inizio":true,"europeBetaFront":true},"tests":{},"ophan":{"pageViewId":"","browserId":""}},"polyfilled":false,"adBlockers":{"onDetect":[]},"modules":{"sentry":{}}}; window.guardian.queue = []; // Queue for functions to be fired by polyfill.io callback </script> <script type="module"> window.guardian.mustardCut = true; </script> <script nomodule> // Browser fails mustard check window.guardian.mustardCut = false; </script> <script> // Noop monkey patch perf.mark and perf.measure if not supported if(window.performance !== undefined && window.performance.mark === undefined) { window.performance.mark = function(){}; window.performance.measure = function(){}; } </script> <script> // record the number of times the browser goes offline during a pageview window.guardian.offlineCount = 0; window.addEventListener('offline', function incrementOfflineCount () { window.guardian.offlineCount++ }); </script> <script> // this is a global that's called at the bottom of the pf.io response, // once the polyfills have run. This may be useful for debugging. // mainly to support browsers that don't support async=false or defer function guardianPolyfilled() { window.guardian.polyfilled = true; if (window.guardian.mustardCut === false) { window.guardian.queue.forEach(function(callback) { callback() }) } } // We've got contracts to abide by with the Ophan tracker // Setting pageViewId here ensures we're not getting race-conditions at all window.guardian.config.ophan = { // This is duplicated from // https://github.com/guardian/ophan/blob/master/tracker-js/assets/coffee/ophan/transmit.coffee // Please do not change this without talking to the Ophan project first. pageViewId: new Date().getTime().toString(36) + 'xxxxxxxxxxxx'.replace(/x/g, function() { return Math.floor(Math.random() * 36).toString(36); }), }; </script> <script> // Set the browserId from the bwid cookie on the ophan object created above // This will need to be replaced later with an async request to an endpoint (function (window, document) { function getCookieValue(name) { var nameEq = name + "=", cookies = document.cookie.split(';'), value = null; cookies.forEach(function (cookie) { while (cookie.charAt(0) === ' ') { cookie = cookie.substring(1, cookie.length); } if (cookie.indexOf(nameEq) === 0) { value = cookie.substring(nameEq.length, cookie.length); } }); return value; } window.guardian.config.ophan.browserId = getCookieValue("bwid"); })(window, document); </script> <script id="config" type="application/json"> {"renderingTarget":"Web","darkModeAvailable":false,"assetOrigin":"https://assets.guim.co.uk/","editionId":"INT"} </script> <script> window.curlConfig = { baseUrl: 'https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets', apiName: 'require' }; window.curl = window.curlConfig; </script> <noscript> <img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=6035250&cv=2.0&cj=1&cs_ucfr=0&comscorekw=The+Guardian+picture+essay" /> </noscript> <!-- The following script does not vary between browsers that support modules and those that do not --> <script defer src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?rum=0&features=es6%2Ces7%2Ces2017%2Ces2018%2Ces2019%2Cdefault-3.6%2CHTMLPictureElement%2CIntersectionObserver%2CIntersectionObserverEntry%2CURLSearchParams%2Cfetch%2CNodeList.prototype.forEach%2Cnavigator.sendBeacon%2Cperformance.now%2CPromise.allSettled&flags=gated&callback=guardianPolyfilled&unknown=polyfill&cacheClear=1"></script> <script type="module" src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/frameworks.client.web.1859a918f4c9877cb582.js"></script> <script type="module" src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/index.client.web.6ef589f72c6d54a15e11.js"></script> <!-- The following script does not vary between browsers that support modules and those that do not --> <script defer src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/commercial/47e59a6f2531251d895a/graun.standalone.commercial.js"></script> <script defer nomodule src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/frameworks.client.web.legacy.1859a918f4c9877cb582.js"></script> <script defer nomodule src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/index.client.web.legacy.9cda240b02443a64edb4.js"></script> <style class="webfont">@font-face{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:300;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:300;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:300;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:300;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:500;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:500;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:500;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:500;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextEgyptian;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Text Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextEgyptian;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-RegularItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-RegularItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-RegularItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Text Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-RegularItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-RegularItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-RegularItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextEgyptian;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Bold.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Bold.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Text Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Bold.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Bold.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextEgyptian;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-BoldItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-BoldItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-BoldItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Text Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-BoldItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-BoldItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-BoldItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextSans;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Regular.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Regular.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Regular.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Regular.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Regular.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Regular.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextSans;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-RegularItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-RegularItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-RegularItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-RegularItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-RegularItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-RegularItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextSans;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Bold.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Bold.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Bold.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Bold.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextSans;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-BoldItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-BoldItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-BoldItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-BoldItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-BoldItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-BoldItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}</style> <style> html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, dl, dt, dd, menu, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td, article, aside, canvas, details, embed, figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup, main, menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary, time, mark, audio, video { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; font-size: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; } /* HTML5 display-role reset for older browsers */ article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, main, menu, nav, section { display: block; } /* HTML5 hidden-attribute fix for newer browsers */ *[hidden] { display: none; } body { line-height: 1; } menu, ol, ul { list-style: none; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } *, *:before, *:after { box-sizing: border-box; } html { -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; /* always show the vertical scroll bar to stop the page * jumping about when navigating between pages where * one has content shorter than the viewport */ overflow-y: scroll; } html, body { text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; font-feature-settings: 'kern'; font-kerning: normal; /* Safari 7+, Firefox 24+, Chrome 33(?)+, Opera 21 */ font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; } body { background-color: #FFFFFF; color: #121212; } em { font-style: italic; } </style> <style data-emotion="dcr-global 0"></style><style data-emotion="dcr-global 4c7fwv">:root{--expandingWrapper--background:#F6F6F6;--expandingWrapper--border:#121212;--expandingWrapper--collapseBackground:#FFFFFF;--expandingWrapper--collapseBackgroundHover:#E5E5E5;--expandingWrapper--collapseText:#121212;--expandingWrapper--collapseTextHover:#121212;--expandingWrapper--text:#121212;--expandingWrapper--horizontalRules:#DCDCDC;--expandingWrapper--expandBackground:#121212;--expandingWrapper--expandBackgroundHover:#454545;--expandingWrapper--expandText:#FFFFFF;--tabs--background:#F6F6F6;--tabs--text:#121212;--tabs--border:#999999;--tabs--inactiveBackground:#DCDCDC;--accordion-background:#F6F6F6;--accordion-title:#121212;--accordion-title-row-background:#FFFFFF;--accordion-title-row-border-top:#DCDCDC;--accordion-title-row-fill:#707070;--ad-background:#F6F6F6;--ad-background-article-inner:#F6F6F6;--ad-border:#DCDCDC;--ad-border-article-inner:#DCDCDC;--ad-labels-text:#707070;--ad-labels-text-article-inner:#707070;--affiliate-disclaimer-background:#F6F6F6;--affiliate-disclaimer-background-hover:#EDEDED;--age-warning-background:#FFE500;--age-warning-text:#121212;--age-warning-wrapper-background:transparent;--apps-epic-background:#F6F6F6;--apps-epic-border:#FFE500;--apps-epic-text:#121212;--apps-footer-background:#F6F6F6;--apps-footer-links-text:#121212;--apps-footer-links-text-hover:#1A1A1A;--article-background:#FFFFFF;--article-border:#DCDCDC;--article-inner-background:transparent;--article-link-border:#DCDCDC;--article-link-border-hover:#C70000;--article-link-text:#C70000;--article-link-text-hover:#C70000;--article-meta-lines:#DCDCDC;--article-section-background:#FFFFFF;--article-section-secondary-title:#333333;--article-section-title:#000000;--article-text:#121212;--audio-atom-background:#F6F6F6;--audio-atom-border:#DCDCDC;--audio-atom-icons:#C70000;--audio-atom-kicker:#C70000;--audio-atom-progress-bar:#999999;--avatar-background:#EDEDED;--bio-link-underline:#DCDCDC;--bio-text-subdued:#707070;--block-quote-fill:#707070;--block-quote-link:#C70000;--block-quote-text:#121212;--branding-border:#DCDCDC;--branding-label-text:#333333;--branding-link-text:#C70000;--bullet-fill:#707070;--button-background-primary:#052962;--button-background-primary-hover:#234B8A;--button-text-primary:#FFFFFF;--byline:#C70000;--byline-anchor:#C70000;--byline-background:#FFE500;--byline-hover:#AB0613;--byline-underline:inherit;--callout-highlight-background:#FFE500;--callout-highlight-text:#121212;--callout-prompt:#0077B6;--callout-submit-background:#052962;--callout-submit-background-hover:#234B8A;--callout-submit-text:#FFFFFF;--caption-link:#C70000;--caption-overlay-text:#FFFFFF;--caption-photo-essay-main-media-text:#707070;--caption-text:#707070;--card-background:transparent;--card-background-hover:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.1);--card-border-supporting:#DCDCDC;--card-border-top:#BABABA;--card-footer-text:#707070;--card-headline:#121212;--card-kicker-text:#C70000;--card-media-background:#F6F6F6;--card-media-icon:#F6F6F6;--card-media-waveform:#DCDCDC;--card-sublinks-background:#F6F6F6;--card-trail-text:#545454;--carousel-active-dot:#C70000;--carousel-active-dot-hover:#C70000;--carousel-arrow:#FFFFFF;--carousel-arrow-background:#000000;--carousel-arrow-background-disabled:#707070;--carousel-arrow-background-hover:#FFE500;--carousel-border:#DCDCDC;--carousel-chevron:#121212;--carousel-chevron-border:#BABABA;--carousel-chevron-border-disabled:rgba(186, 186, 186, 0.32);--carousel-chevron-disabled:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.32);--carousel-chevron-hover:rgba(186, 186, 186, 0.2);--carousel-dot:#EDEDED;--carousel-dot-hover:#DCDCDC;--carousel-text:#121212;--carousel-title-highlight:#C70000;--click-to-view-background:#F6F6F6;--click-to-view-border:#DCDCDC;--click-to-view-button:#052962;--click-to-view-button-hover:#234B8A;--click-to-view-button-text:#FFFFFF;--code-block-background:#f5f2f0;--code-block-text-shadow:#FFFFFF;--comment-count-fill:#C70000;--comment-count-mobile-fill:#C70000;--comment-form-header-background:#F6F6F6;--comment-form-input-background:#FFFFFF;--cricket-scoreboard-border-top:#005689;--cricket-scoreboard-divider:#DCDCDC;--cricket-scoreboard-link-text:#005689;--crossword-clues-header-border-bottom:#DCDCDC;--crossword-clues-header-border-top:#BB3B80;--dateline:#707070;--dateline-mobile:#707070;--design-tag-background:#AB0613;--design-tag-text:#FFFFFF;--discussion-accent-text:#C70000;--discussion-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-border:#DCDCDC;--discussion-button-background-hover:#C70000;--discussion-button-text:#FFFFFF;--discussion-comment-underline:#DCDCDC;--discussion-link:#0077B6;--discussion-loading-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-loading-shimmer:#DCDCDC;--discussion-pagination-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-pagination-border:#DCDCDC;--discussion-pagination-border-hover:#999999;--discussion-pagination-text:#707070;--discussion-pick-label-text:#121212;--discussion-pre-mod:#0077B6;--discussion-preview-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-primary-button-background:#AB0613;--discussion-report-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-report-border:#545454;--discussion-report-button:#052962;--discussion-report-error-text:#C70000;--discussion-report-label-text:#121212;--discussion-report-success-text:#22874D;--discussion-section-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-selected-background:#F6F6F6;--discussion-staff-label-text:#052962;--discussion-subdued:#707070;--discussion-text:#121212;--discussion-top-pick-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-top-pick-link:#0077B6;--drop-cap:#8B0000;--editorial-button-background:#AB0613;--editorial-button-background-hover:#C70000;--editorial-button-border-hover:#C70000;--editorial-button-text:#C70000;--email-signup-button-background:#000000;--email-signup-button-hover:#333333;--email-signup-button-text:#FFFFFF;--end-note-text-subdued:#707070;--eu-parliament-ecr:#0077B6;--eu-parliament-epp:#3DBBE2;--eu-parliament-greensefa:#39A566;--eu-parliament-ni:#333333;--eu-parliament-renew:#FF7F0F;--eu-parliament-sd:#C70000;--eu-parliament-theleft:#8B0000;--eu-parliament-unknown:#848484;--expandable-atom-background:#EDEDED;--expandable-atom-border:#DCDCDC;--expandable-atom-button:#000000;--expandable-atom-button-fill:#FFFFFF;--expandable-atom-text-hover:#C70000;--explainer-atom-accent:#121212;--explainer-atom-background:#F6F6F6;--feature-card-background:#EDEDED;--feature-card-footer-text:#DCDCDC;--feature-card-headline:#F6F6F6;--feature-card-kicker-text:#FFBAC8;--feature-card-trail-text:#DCDCDC;--filter-key-events-toggle-border-top:#DCDCDC;--follow-icon-background:#FFFFFF;--follow-icon-fill:#C70000;--follow-text:#121212;--football-competition-select-text:#121212;--football-match-hover:#EDEDED;--football-match-list-background:#F6F6F6;--football-match-list-border:#EDEDED;--football-match-list-competition-text:#005689;--football-match-list-error:#C70000;--football-match-list-live-status:#00B2FF;--football-match-list-sub-text:#707070;--football-match-list-top-border:#00B2FF;--front-container-background:#FFFFFF;--front-page-background:#FFFFFF;--heading-line:#8B0000;--headline-background:transparent;--headline-blog-background:#FFFFFF;--headline-border:#DCDCDC;--headline-byline:inherit;--headline-colour:#121212;--headline-match-colour:#C70000;--highlights-card-headline:#121212;--highlights-card-kicker-text:#C70000;--highlights-container-background:#F6F6F6;--highlights-container-border:#999999;--highlights-container-end-fade:transparent;--highlights-container-mid-fade:rgba(250, 250, 250, 0.6);--highlights-container-start-fade:#F6F6F6;--image-title-background:#C70000;--interactive-atom-background:transparent;--interactive-block-background:#FFFFFF;--interactive-block-background-datawrapper:#FFFFFF;--interactive-contents-hover:#EDEDED;--key-event-background:#F6F6F6;--key-event-background-desktop:#EDEDED;--key-event-border:#707070;--key-event-bullet:#707070;--key-event-bullet-hover:#000000;--key-event-button:#121212;--key-event-button-fill:#FFFFFF;--key-event-button-hover:#FFD900;--key-event-text:#AB0613;--key-event-title:#121212;--kicker-background-live:#C70000;--kicker-pulsing-dot-live:rgba(246, 246, 246, 0.75);--kicker-text-live:#F6F6F6;--last-updated-text:#000000;--latest-links-dotted-line:#999999;--lightbox-divider:#C70000;--link-kicker-text:#C70000;--live-block-border-bottom:#DCDCDC;--live-block-border-top:#C70000;--live-block-container-background:#FFFFFF;--masthead-nav-background:#052962;--masthead-nav-border:#506991;--masthead-nav-lines:#506991;--masthead-nav-link-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-nav-link-text-hover:#FFE500;--masthead-top-bar-background:#041F4A;--masthead-top-bar-link-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-top-bar-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-top-bar-vertical-divider:#506991;--masthead-veggie-burger-background:#FFE500;--masthead-veggie-burger-background-hover:#FFD900;--masthead-veggie-burger-icon:#052962;--match-nav-background:#FFE500;--match-nav-text:#121212;--match-stats-background:#d9edf6;--match-tab-border:#DCDCDC;--match-tab-border-active:#005689;--most-viewed-description:#707070;--most-viewed-footer-hover:#F6F6F6;--most-viewed-headline:#121212;--most-viewed-tab-border:#AB0613;--multi-byline-non-linked-text:#707070;--nav-reader-revenue-link-text:#FFE500;--nav-search-bar-background:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);--nav-search-bar-icon:#FFFFFF;--nav-search-bar-text:#FFFFFF;--numbered-list-heading:#121212;--numbered-list-links:#C70000;--numbered-list-number:#707070;--numbered-list-title:#C70000;--pagination-text:#C70000;--pill-background:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.7);--pill-bullet:#FF5943;--pill-divider:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);--pill-text:#FFFFFF;--pinned-post-background:#FFFFFF;--pinned-post-border:#AB0613;--podcast-meta-button-background:#333333;--podcast-meta-button-background-hover:#1A1A1A;--podcast-meta-button-text:#DCDCDC;--podcast-meta-title:#F6F6F6;--privacy-text-regular:#121212;--privacy-text-supporting:#000000;--privacy-text-supporting-subdued:#707070;--pullquote-background:#FFFFFF;--pullquote-border:#DCDCDC;--pullquote-icon:#999999;--pullquote-text:#121212;--quiz-atom-answers-background:#F6F6F6;--quiz-atom-answers-hover:#DCDCDC;--quiz-atom-button-background:#052962;--quiz-atom-button-background-hover:#234B8A;--quiz-atom-button-text:#FFFFFF;--quiz-atom-check-mark:#000000;--quiz-atom-incorrect-answer-background:#C70000;--quiz-atom-results-background:#EDEDED;--quiz-atom-results-border:#EDEDED;--quiz-atom-results-number:#052962;--quiz-atom-results-text:#121212;--quote-icon-fill:#C70000;--recaptcha-border:#121212;--recaptcha-button:#000000;--recaptcha-button-hover:#333333;--recaptcha-button-text:#FFFFFF;--recommendation-count:#F6F6F6;--recommendation-count-arrow:#707070;--recommendation-count-arrow-selected:#FFFFFF;--recommendation-count-selected:#052962;--rich-link-background:#F6F6F6;--rich-link-background-hover:#EDEDED;--rich-link-border:#C70000;--rich-link-branding-text:#707070;--rich-link-fill:#C70000;--rich-link-header:#000000;--rich-link-text:#C70000;--section-background:transparent;--section-background-left:transparent;--section-border:#DCDCDC;--section-border-primary:#333333;--section-border-secondary:#BABABA;--section-date:#C70000;--section-description:#707070;--section-title-background:transparent;--section-toggle-button:#707070;--section-toggle-button-hover:#121212;--series-title-background:transparent;--series-title-match-text:#C70000;--series-title-text:#C70000;--share-button:#C70000;--share-button-border:#DCDCDC;--share-button-copied:#121212;--share-button-hover:#FFFFFF;--share-button-liveblog-mobile-meta:#8B0000;--share-button-xsmall-border:#DCDCDC;--sign-in-link:#AB0613;--sign-in-link-underline:#DCDCDC;--slideshow-caption:#FFFFFF;--slideshow-pagination-dot:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.2);--slideshow-pagination-dot-active:#121212;--speech-bubble-background:#C70000;--stacked-progress-background:#DCDCDC;--stacked-progress-to-win:#121212;--staff-contributor-badge:#052962;--staff-contributor-badge-text:#FFFFFF;--staff-pick-badge:#121212;--staff-pick-badge-text:#FFFFFF;--standfirst-background:#FFFFFF;--standfirst-border:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-bullet:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-link-border:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-link-text:#C70000;--standfirst-text:#000000;--star-rating-background:#FFE500;--star-rating-fill:#121212;--straight-lines:#DCDCDC;--stuck-background:#FFFFFF;--sub-meta-background:#FFFFFF;--sub-meta-label-text:#707070;--sub-meta-text:#C70000;--sub-meta-text-hover:#FFFFFF;--sub-nav-border:#C70000;--sub-nav-link-footer:#121212;--sub-nav-link-header:#121212;--sub-nav-link-hover:#C70000;--sub-nav-more:#999999;--subheading-text:#121212;--summary-event-bullet:#C70000;--summary-event-bullet-hover:#8B0000;--syndication-button-border:#DCDCDC;--syndication-button-hover:#DCDCDC;--syndication-button-text:#707070;--table-block-background:#F6F6F6;--table-block-border-top:#0077B6;--table-block-stripe:#EDEDED;--table-block-text:#121212;--table-block-text-first-column:#707070;--table-of-contents:#121212;--table-of-contents-border:#DCDCDC;--tabs-input:#FFFFFF;--tag-page-chevron:#000000;--textblock-bullet-background:#C70000;--textblock-text:inherit;--timeline-atom-bullet:#121212;--timeline-atom-highlight-text:#000000;--timeline-atom-highlight-text-background:#FFE500;--timeline-bullet:#8B0000;--timeline-event-border:#DCDCDC;--treat-background:#000000;--treat-text:#F6F6F6;--trending-topics-background:#FFFFFF;--trending-topics-separator:#DCDCDC;--trending-topics-text:#333333;--uk-elections-conservative:#0077B6;--uk-elections-labour:#C70000;--uk-elections-lib-dem:#E05E00;--uk-elections-reform:#3DBBE2;--uk-elections-snp:#F5DC00;--us-elections-democrats:#093CA3;--us-elections-republicans:#C70000;--witness-title-author:#C70000;--witness-title-icon:#C70000;--witness-title-text:#C70000;--youtube-overlay-kicker:#FF5943;-webkit-print-color-scheme:light;color-scheme:light;}:root body{color:#121212;}*:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) *:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #0077B6;}::selection{background:#FFE500;color:#121212;}.ad-slot[data-label-show='true']::before{content:attr(ad-label-text);display:block;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:var(--ad-background);padding-top:3px;border-top:1px solid var(--ad-border);color:var(--ad-labels-text);text-align:center;box-sizing:border-box;}.ad-slot__adtest-cookie-clear-link{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-align:left;position:absolute;left:268px;top:1px;z-index:10;padding:0;border:0;}.ad-slot{text-align:center;}.ad-slot .ad-slot__content{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}@media print{.ad-slot{display:none!important;}}.ad-slot.ad-slot--collapse{display:none;}.ad-slot.ad-slot--fluid{min-height:250px;padding:0;margin:0;overflow:visible;width:100%;}.ad-slot-container{max-width:100vw;position:relative;}</style><style data-emotion="dcr-global 1uvnolp">.bz-custom-container~#bannerandheader .top-banner-ad-container{display:none;}</style><style data-emotion="dcr-global 19rs85u">@media (max-width: 979.9px){.nav-is-open{overflow:hidden;height:100vh;}}</style><style data-emotion="dcr 1gpubb 4omefw 1xdhyk6 1s8spa1 1u9kji9 n4pnam iim5od mqepgd vdr14u 5k6jfi kohrs2 145list 1vetsv0 1cvta4k vxblrw 140c513 1jzii9a 1iaxt8y 1kbi9ft 1crstso qfkeyz 64xqd0 i0vtpq 1apgfiu zramh4 1p0hins 1acea34 1p1neil 1d6g26q 1grikph 7612kl ks441s 1iufw7r 1kcody2 1hrapdy n3bsq4 b3mn8w 1nvgr5i li5n90 1ef3v4m 1l1mact 1srap2j efueom 6sl420 lpsfc3 o6rk0u 11vt4tq 9ra8aa 1julzi7 4hq641 1tnoaxa p0c3jt v7ibvm 1j2dgzz 10b2o1s wp8bgr 16q8bto x5fwww 1yytfii 6zq80y yq9plo 1utnfys 90inr0 1jjnk9d 6v110l qcy5wo radnun 1gsboxi 1q09wwq e1bf28 1rg7stg 3ae42h 1mtufo3 a1su5g 1rinrec iwod0p nnfu1a e3rvah mu6xev 12t3ay9 5wkng0 15o3dy0 3qh43d 1ikn05z 1n21o7c 1e51nvv ptvyla 1ln6kec 175nrby dqlcr0 1tbbfjt jphuvb l9k7rx 1atljbz 1g8nl1f k8vtvd ufnmjy pnnc7v tzc0jy 908n69 f9aim1 2yd10d b9p4z1 755y67 zigv41 l300o4 f3ar9h vy6xhd 147a5s0 1d8jwt1 uyefka 4v2oe6 udklzc kap5pr 1xrkea9 12r3co1 1m759r1 pgxvx8 12mgsnl dk0wj3 aygtuk s76wdc 1gxky2t 4pzt3u vlbnmp pauz6u stdtpu 1qwl035 1nzqxjn 120b5yi jh1m5g wqti5a 1hy529c kammsl 1e4647x 19e9gh9 n5hcqc 1ykr3rf 17n294h ivr0sq 1q1v1nj a4rp9m 1gt8egs lgyw9b 1b5y2ep 1hmrwdw 1ris6nf 1xyi04h 1wf840d u54heg 1ms2xl4 4coeh 1v06yj3 1xnlu54 1bljy3y 6ottnt 18yycfp 13lm9u3 1slcfay 1gsdol8">.dcr-1gpubb{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:40px;top:-40px;line-height:30px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;background:#FFFFFF;display:block;text-align:center;margin:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#000000;}.dcr-1gpubb:focus,.dcr-1gpubb:active{border:5px solid #0077B6;position:static;}.dcr-1gpubb:visited,.dcr-1gpubb:active{color:#000000;}.dcr-4omefw{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:0;z-index:22;background-color:var(--stuck-background);}.dcr-1u9kji9{position:static;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-n4pnam{display:none;}}.dcr-iim5od{z-index:1080;width:100%;background-color:var(--ad-background);min-height:133px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ad-border);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:0;}.dcr-mqepgd{min-height:90px;min-width:728px;}.dcr-vdr14u{padding-bottom:18px;position:relative;margin:0 auto;text-align:left;display:block;}.dcr-5k6jfi{display:grid;grid-auto-rows:auto;grid-template-columns:[viewport-start] 0 [content-start main-column-start] repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)) [content-end main-column-end] 0 [viewport-end];-webkit-column-gap:10px;column-gap:10px;}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-5k6jfi{-webkit-column-gap:20px;column-gap:20px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-5k6jfi{grid-template-columns:[viewport-start] minmax(0, 1fr) [content-start main-column-start] repeat(12, 40px) [content-end main-column-end] minmax(0, 1fr) [viewport-end];}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-5k6jfi{grid-template-columns:[viewport-start] minmax(0, 1fr) [content-start main-column-start] repeat(12, 60px) [content-end main-column-end] minmax(0, 1fr) [viewport-end];}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-5k6jfi{grid-template-columns:[viewport-start] minmax(0, 1fr) [content-start left-column-start] repeat(2, 60px) [left-column-end main-column-start] repeat(12, 60px) [content-end main-column-end] minmax(0, 1fr) [viewport-end];}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-5k6jfi{grid-template-columns:[viewport-start] minmax(0, 1fr) [content-start left-column-start] repeat(3, 60px) [left-column-end main-column-start] repeat(12, 60px) [main-column-end] repeat(1, 60px) [content-end] minmax(0, 1fr) [viewport-end];}}.dcr-kohrs2{grid-column:content-start/main-column-end;background-color:var(--masthead-top-bar-background);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;height:52px;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-kohrs2{height:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-kohrs2{height:64px;}}.dcr-145list{height:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-right:auto;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-1vetsv0{display:none;}}.dcr-1cvta4k{height:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1cvta4k:before{content:'';border-left:1px solid var(--masthead-top-bar-vertical-divider);height:38px;}}.dcr-vxblrw{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:var(--masthead-top-bar-link-text);-webkit-transition:color 80ms ease-out;transition:color 80ms ease-out;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:4px;}.dcr-vxblrw:hover,.dcr-vxblrw:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-vxblrw svg{fill:currentColor;float:left;height:18px;width:18px;margin:0 4px 0 0;}.dcr-140c513{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:relative;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:var(--masthead-top-bar-link-text);-webkit-transition:color 80ms ease-out;transition:color 80ms ease-out;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:4px 0 4px 4px;z-index:20;}.dcr-140c513:hover,.dcr-140c513:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-140c513 svg{fill:currentColor;float:left;height:18px;width:18px;margin:0 4px 0 0;}.dcr-1jzii9a{grid-column:main-column-start/main-column-end;grid-row:1;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1jzii9a{justify-self:end;}}.dcr-1iaxt8y{z-index:19;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:relative;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;margin-top:4px;}.dcr-1iaxt8y ul{position:absolute;left:0;right:unset;max-height:unset;min-width:200px;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1iaxt8y ul{left:unset;right:0;}}.dcr-1kbi9ft #checkbox-id-masthead-edition{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);}.dcr-1kbi9ft #dropbox-id-masthead-edition{display:none;}.dcr-1kbi9ft #checkbox-id-masthead-edition:checked+#dropbox-id-masthead-edition{display:block;}.dcr-1crstso{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;display:block;cursor:pointer;background:none;border:none;line-height:1.2;color:#FFFFFF;-webkit-transition:color 80ms ease-out;transition:color 80ms ease-out;padding:0px 10px 6px 5px;margin:1px 0 0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;position:relative;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);padding:6px 0 0 0;margin-top:4px;}.dcr-1crstso:hover{color:#FFE500;}.dcr-1crstso:hover:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(0) rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:translateY(0) rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:translateY(0) rotate(45deg);transform:translateY(0) rotate(45deg);}.dcr-1crstso:after{content:'';display:inline-block;width:5px;height:5px;-webkit-transform:translateY(-2px) rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:translateY(-2px) rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:translateY(-2px) rotate(45deg);transform:translateY(-2px) rotate(45deg);border:1px solid currentColor;border-left:transparent;border-top:transparent;margin-left:5px;vertical-align:middle;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 250ms ease-out;transition:transform 250ms ease-out;}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1crstso{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}}.dcr-1crstso:not(ul):hover{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-qfkeyz{z-index:30;list-style:none;background-color:white;padding:6px 0;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);padding:6px 0 0 0;margin-top:4px;}.dcr-qfkeyz li::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-qfkeyz{position:fixed;border-radius:0;top:32px;left:0;right:0;width:auto;max-height:calc(100% - 50px);overflow:auto;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-qfkeyz{position:absolute;top:100%;width:200px;border-radius:3px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-qfkeyz{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}}.dcr-qfkeyz:not(ul):hover{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-64xqd0{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#121212;-webkit-transition:color 80ms ease-out;transition:color 80ms ease-out;margin:-1px 0 0 0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;padding:10px 18px 15px 30px;font-weight:bold;}.dcr-64xqd0:hover{background-color:#EDEDED;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-64xqd0:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-64xqd0:before{content:'';border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;display:block;position:absolute;top:0px;left:30px;right:0px;}.dcr-64xqd0:after{content:'';border:2px solid #C70000;border-top:0px;border-right:0px;position:absolute;top:19px;left:12px;width:10px;height:4px;-webkit-transform:rotate(-45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(-45deg);transform:rotate(-45deg);}.dcr-64xqd0:before{content:none;}.dcr-i0vtpq{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#121212;-webkit-transition:color 80ms ease-out;transition:color 80ms ease-out;margin:-1px 0 0 0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;padding:10px 18px 15px 30px;}.dcr-i0vtpq:hover{background-color:#EDEDED;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-i0vtpq:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-i0vtpq:before{content:'';border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;display:block;position:absolute;top:0px;left:30px;right:0px;}.dcr-1apgfiu{grid-column:main-column-start/main-column-end;grid-row:1;position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;justify-self:end;-webkit-align-self:end;-ms-flex-item-align:end;align-self:end;margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:6px;right:52px;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1apgfiu{right:0;}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1apgfiu{margin-bottom:8px;}}.dcr-1apgfiu svg{width:152px;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1apgfiu svg{width:207px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1apgfiu svg{width:252px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1apgfiu svg{width:291px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1apgfiu svg{width:324px;}}.dcr-zramh4{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);}.dcr-1p0hins{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);}.dcr-1acea34{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);}.dcr-1p1neil{grid-column:content-start/content-end;grid-row:2;-webkit-align-self:end;-ms-flex-item-align:end;align-self:end;font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;margin-top:8px;pointer-events:none;position:relative;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1p1neil{grid-row:1/2;}.dcr-1p1neil li:last-of-type:after{content:'';border-left:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;height:calc(100% - 4px);margin-top:4px;}}.dcr-1p1neil::after{content:'';position:absolute;border-bottom:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);bottom:0;right:-10px;left:-10px;}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1p1neil::after{left:-20px;right:-20px;}}.dcr-1d6g26q{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;pointer-events:auto;}.dcr-1grikph{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:28px;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;list-style:none;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1grikph{height:34px;}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1grikph{height:37px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1grikph{width:108px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1grikph{height:40px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1grikph{height:52px;width:125px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1grikph{width:136px;}}.dcr-1grikph::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}.dcr-1grikph:after{content:'';border-left:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;height:calc(100% - 4px);margin-top:4px;}.dcr-1grikph a{padding-left:0;}.dcr-1grikph a:after{width:calc(100% - 1px);margin-left:0;}.dcr-7612kl{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:var(--masthead-nav-background);color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;padding-left:6px;padding-right:4px;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-7612kl{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;font-size:0.9375rem;padding-right:8px;}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-7612kl{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-7612kl{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}}.dcr-7612kl:focus:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(-5px);-moz-transform:translateY(-5px);-ms-transform:translateY(-5px);transform:translateY(-5px);}.dcr-7612kl:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-7612kl:hover:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(-5px);-moz-transform:translateY(-5px);-ms-transform:translateY(-5px);transform:translateY(-5px);}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-7612kl{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}}.dcr-7612kl:after{height:5px;background-color:var(--pillar-underline);content:'';display:block;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;width:calc(100% - 6px - 1px);margin-left:6px;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:transform 0.3s ease-in-out;margin-bottom:-5px;}.dcr-ks441s{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:28px;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;list-style:none;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-ks441s{height:34px;}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-ks441s{height:37px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-ks441s{width:108px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-ks441s{height:40px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-ks441s{height:52px;width:125px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-ks441s{width:136px;}}.dcr-ks441s::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}.dcr-ks441s:after{content:'';border-left:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;height:calc(100% - 4px);margin-top:4px;}.dcr-1iufw7r{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:var(--masthead-nav-background);color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;padding-left:6px;padding-right:4px;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1iufw7r{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;font-size:0.9375rem;padding-right:8px;}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1iufw7r{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1iufw7r{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}}.dcr-1iufw7r:focus:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(-5px);-moz-transform:translateY(-5px);-ms-transform:translateY(-5px);transform:translateY(-5px);}.dcr-1iufw7r:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-1iufw7r:hover:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(-5px);-moz-transform:translateY(-5px);-ms-transform:translateY(-5px);transform:translateY(-5px);}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1iufw7r{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}}.dcr-1iufw7r:after{height:5px;background-color:var(--pillar-underline);content:'';display:block;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;width:calc(100% - 6px - 1px);margin-left:6px;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:transform 0.3s ease-in-out;margin-bottom:-5px;}.dcr-1iufw7r:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(-5px);-moz-transform:translateY(-5px);-ms-transform:translateY(-5px);transform:translateY(-5px);}.dcr-1iufw7r:focus:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(-5px);-moz-transform:translateY(-5px);-ms-transform:translateY(-5px);transform:translateY(-5px);}.dcr-1iufw7r:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-1iufw7r:hover:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(-5px);-moz-transform:translateY(-5px);-ms-transform:translateY(-5px);transform:translateY(-5px);}.dcr-1kcody2{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:28px;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;list-style:none;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1kcody2{height:34px;}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1kcody2{height:37px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1kcody2{width:108px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1kcody2{height:40px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1kcody2{height:52px;width:125px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1kcody2{width:136px;}}.dcr-1kcody2::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}.dcr-1hrapdy{grid-column:content-start/content-end;grid-row:1;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;justify-self:end;position:relative;bottom:2px;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1hrapdy{grid-row:1/3;-webkit-align-self:end;-ms-flex-item-align:end;align-self:end;}}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1hrapdy{bottom:4px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1hrapdy{right:354px;bottom:6px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1hrapdy{right:430px;bottom:14px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1hrapdy{right:534px;}}.dcr-n3bsq4{position:relative;z-index:1;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#header-nav-input-checkbox:checked~div .dcr-n3bsq4{z-index:28;}}.dcr-b3mn8w{cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;width:40px;height:40px;border-radius:50%;background-color:var(--masthead-veggie-burger-background);}.dcr-b3mn8w:hover{background-color:var(--masthead-veggie-burger-background-hover);}.dcr-b3mn8w:focus{outline:none;}#header-nav-input-checkbox:checked~div .dcr-b3mn8w{display:none;}.dcr-1nvgr5i{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);}.dcr-li5n90{cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;width:40px;height:40px;border-radius:50%;background-color:var(--masthead-veggie-burger-background);}.dcr-li5n90:hover{background-color:var(--masthead-veggie-burger-background-hover);}.dcr-li5n90:focus{outline:none;}#header-nav-input-checkbox:not(:checked)~div .dcr-li5n90{display:none;}.dcr-1ef3v4m{grid-column:content-start/content-end;grid-row:2;margin-top:-1px;}.dcr-1l1mact{z-index:27;left:0;top:0;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-1l1mact{-webkit-transform:translateX(-110%);-moz-transform:translateX(-110%);-ms-transform:translateX(-110%);transform:translateX(-110%);-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.23, 1, 0.32, 1);transition:transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.23, 1, 0.32, 1);bottom:0;height:100%;overflow:auto;position:fixed;right:0;will-change:transform;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1l1mact{display:none;}}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#header-nav-input-checkbox:checked~div .dcr-1l1mact{-webkit-transform:translateX(0%);-moz-transform:translateX(0%);-ms-transform:translateX(0%);transform:translateX(0%);}}@media (min-width: 980px){#header-nav-input-checkbox:checked~div .dcr-1l1mact{display:block;overflow:visible;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1srap2j{position:relative;}}.dcr-efueom{background-color:var(--masthead-nav-background);font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;z-index:26;left:0;top:0;box-sizing:border-box;position:absolute;margin-right:28px;box-shadow:28px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-efueom{margin-right:40px;box-shadow:40px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-efueom{margin-right:100px;box-shadow:100px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-efueom{box-shadow:none;position:absolute;padding-bottom:0;padding-top:0;top:0;left:0;right:0;width:100%;}@supports (width: 100vw){.dcr-efueom{left:50%;right:50%;width:100vw;margin-left:-50vw;margin-right:-50vw;}}}.dcr-6sl420{box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-6sl420{max-width:980px;padding:0 20px;position:relative;margin:0 auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border-right:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);border-top:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);}.dcr-6sl420:first-of-type{border-left:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-6sl420{max-width:1140px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-6sl420{max-width:1300px;}}.dcr-lpsfc3{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;list-style:none;margin:0;padding-bottom:10px;position:relative;}.dcr-lpsfc3::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-lpsfc3{width:108px;float:left;position:relative;border-left:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);}.dcr-lpsfc3:first-of-type{border-left:none;width:calc(108px - 2px);}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-lpsfc3{width:125px;}.dcr-lpsfc3:first-of-type{width:calc(125px - 2px);}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-lpsfc3{width:136px;}.dcr-lpsfc3:first-of-type{width:calc(136px - 2px);}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-lpsfc3:before{content:'';display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;width:1px;background-color:var(--masthead-nav-lines);}}.dcr-o6rk0u{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;display:block;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;text-transform:capitalize;}.dcr-o6rk0u >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-o6rk0u{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-o6rk0u{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-o6rk0u:hover,.dcr-o6rk0u:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}.dcr-o6rk0u:before{margin-top:4px;left:24px;position:absolute;border:2px solid currentColor;border-top:0;border-left:0;content:'';display:inline-block;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);height:10px;width:10px;}#News-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-o6rk0u:before{margin-top:8px;-webkit-transform:rotate(-135deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-135deg);-ms-transform:rotate(-135deg);transform:rotate(-135deg);}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-o6rk0u{display:none;}}.dcr-11vt4tq{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0 0 12px;position:relative;}.dcr-11vt4tq::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-11vt4tq{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;height:100%;width:100%;padding:0 8px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-11vt4tq{padding-left:0;}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-11vt4tq{background:var(--masthead-nav-background);}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-11vt4tq{background:var(--masthead-nav-background);}}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#News-checkbox-input:not(:checked)~.dcr-11vt4tq{display:none;}}.dcr-9ra8aa{box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-9ra8aa{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-list-item;display:-ms-list-itembox;display:list-item;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-9ra8aa{display:none;}}.dcr-1julzi7{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;}.dcr-1julzi7 >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1julzi7{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1julzi7{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-1julzi7:hover,.dcr-1julzi7:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}.dcr-1julzi7:hover,.dcr-1julzi7:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-4hq641{box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-4hq641{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-list-item;display:-ms-list-itembox;display:list-item;}}.dcr-1tnoaxa{background-color:var(--masthead-nav-border);content:'';display:block;height:1px;margin-left:50px;right:0;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#News-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-1tnoaxa{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1tnoaxa{display:none;}}.dcr-p0c3jt{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;display:block;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;text-transform:capitalize;}.dcr-p0c3jt >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-p0c3jt{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-p0c3jt{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-p0c3jt:hover,.dcr-p0c3jt:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}.dcr-p0c3jt:before{margin-top:4px;left:24px;position:absolute;border:2px solid currentColor;border-top:0;border-left:0;content:'';display:inline-block;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);height:10px;width:10px;}#Opinion-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-p0c3jt:before{margin-top:8px;-webkit-transform:rotate(-135deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-135deg);-ms-transform:rotate(-135deg);transform:rotate(-135deg);}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-p0c3jt{display:none;}}.dcr-v7ibvm{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0 0 12px;position:relative;}.dcr-v7ibvm::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-v7ibvm{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;height:100%;width:100%;padding:0 8px;}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-v7ibvm{background:var(--masthead-nav-background);}}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#Opinion-checkbox-input:not(:checked)~.dcr-v7ibvm{display:none;}}.dcr-1j2dgzz{background-color:var(--masthead-nav-border);content:'';display:block;height:1px;margin-left:50px;right:0;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#Opinion-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-1j2dgzz{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1j2dgzz{display:none;}}.dcr-10b2o1s{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;display:block;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;text-transform:capitalize;}.dcr-10b2o1s >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-10b2o1s{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-10b2o1s{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-10b2o1s:hover,.dcr-10b2o1s:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}.dcr-10b2o1s:before{margin-top:4px;left:24px;position:absolute;border:2px solid currentColor;border-top:0;border-left:0;content:'';display:inline-block;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);height:10px;width:10px;}#Sport-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-10b2o1s:before{margin-top:8px;-webkit-transform:rotate(-135deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-135deg);-ms-transform:rotate(-135deg);transform:rotate(-135deg);}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-10b2o1s{display:none;}}.dcr-wp8bgr{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0 0 12px;position:relative;}.dcr-wp8bgr::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-wp8bgr{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;height:100%;width:100%;padding:0 8px;}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-wp8bgr{background:var(--masthead-nav-background);}}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#Sport-checkbox-input:not(:checked)~.dcr-wp8bgr{display:none;}}.dcr-16q8bto{background-color:var(--masthead-nav-border);content:'';display:block;height:1px;margin-left:50px;right:0;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#Sport-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-16q8bto{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-16q8bto{display:none;}}.dcr-x5fwww{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;display:block;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;text-transform:capitalize;}.dcr-x5fwww >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-x5fwww{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-x5fwww{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-x5fwww:hover,.dcr-x5fwww:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}.dcr-x5fwww:before{margin-top:4px;left:24px;position:absolute;border:2px solid currentColor;border-top:0;border-left:0;content:'';display:inline-block;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);height:10px;width:10px;}#Culture-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-x5fwww:before{margin-top:8px;-webkit-transform:rotate(-135deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-135deg);-ms-transform:rotate(-135deg);transform:rotate(-135deg);}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-x5fwww{display:none;}}.dcr-1yytfii{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0 0 12px;position:relative;}.dcr-1yytfii::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1yytfii{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;height:100%;width:100%;padding:0 8px;}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1yytfii{background:var(--masthead-nav-background);}}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#Culture-checkbox-input:not(:checked)~.dcr-1yytfii{display:none;}}.dcr-6zq80y{background-color:var(--masthead-nav-border);content:'';display:block;height:1px;margin-left:50px;right:0;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#Culture-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-6zq80y{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-6zq80y{display:none;}}.dcr-yq9plo{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;display:block;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;text-transform:capitalize;}.dcr-yq9plo >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-yq9plo{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-yq9plo{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-yq9plo:hover,.dcr-yq9plo:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}.dcr-yq9plo:before{margin-top:4px;left:24px;position:absolute;border:2px solid currentColor;border-top:0;border-left:0;content:'';display:inline-block;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);height:10px;width:10px;}#Lifestyle-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-yq9plo:before{margin-top:8px;-webkit-transform:rotate(-135deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-135deg);-ms-transform:rotate(-135deg);transform:rotate(-135deg);}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-yq9plo{display:none;}}.dcr-1utnfys{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0 0 12px;position:relative;}.dcr-1utnfys::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1utnfys{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;height:100%;width:100%;padding:0 8px;}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1utnfys{background:var(--masthead-nav-background);}}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#Lifestyle-checkbox-input:not(:checked)~.dcr-1utnfys{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-90inr0{display:none;}}.dcr-1jjnk9d{box-sizing:border-box;display:block;margin-left:16px;max-width:380px;position:relative;margin-bottom:24px;margin-right:41px;padding-bottom:15px;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1jjnk9d{margin:0;}}.dcr-6v110l{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#121212;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);}.dcr-qcy5wo{width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:44px;color:#121212;background-color:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid #707070;border-radius:4px;padding:0 8px;margin-top:4px;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;background-color:var(--nav-search-bar-background);border:0;border-radius:1000px;box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--nav-search-bar-text);height:36px;padding-left:38px;vertical-align:middle;width:100%;}.dcr-qcy5wo:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .dcr-qcy5wo:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #0077B6;}.dcr-qcy5wo:invalid{box-shadow:none;}.dcr-qcy5wo:invalid[value]:not([value='']){border:2px solid #C70000;border-radius:4px;color:#121212;margin-top:0;}.dcr-qcy5wo::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:var(--nav-search-bar-text);}.dcr-qcy5wo::-moz-placeholder{color:var(--nav-search-bar-text);}.dcr-qcy5wo:-ms-input-placeholder{color:var(--nav-search-bar-text);}.dcr-qcy5wo::placeholder{color:var(--nav-search-bar-text);}.dcr-qcy5wo:focus{padding-right:40px;}.dcr-qcy5wo:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder{opacity:0;}.dcr-qcy5wo:focus::-moz-placeholder{opacity:0;}.dcr-qcy5wo:focus:-ms-input-placeholder{opacity:0;}.dcr-qcy5wo:focus::placeholder{opacity:0;}.dcr-qcy5wo:focus~button{background-color:transparent;opacity:1;pointer-events:all;}.dcr-radnun{position:absolute;left:7px;top:7px;fill:var(--nav-search-bar-icon);}.dcr-1gsboxi{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;border:none;background:transparent;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:.3s ease-in-out;transition:.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:44px;min-height:44px;padding:0 20px;border-radius:44px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#052962;color:#FFFFFF;-webkit-flex-direction:row-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse;background:transparent;border:0;bottom:0;cursor:pointer;display:block;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:50px;fill:var(--nav-search-bar-icon);}.dcr-1gsboxi:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;}.dcr-1gsboxi:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .dcr-1gsboxi:focus{outline:5px solid #0077B6;outline-offset:3px;}.dcr-1gsboxi:hover{background-color:#234B8A;}.dcr-1gsboxi svg{-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;display:block;fill:currentColor;position:relative;width:30px;height:auto;}.dcr-1gsboxi .src-button-space{width:12px;}.dcr-1gsboxi svg{margin-left:-4px;}.dcr-1gsboxi:focus,.dcr-1gsboxi:active{opacity:0;pointer-events:all;}.dcr-1gsboxi:before{height:12px;top:12px;width:12px;}.dcr-1gsboxi:after{border-right:0;top:17px;width:20px;}.dcr-1q09wwq{background-color:var(--masthead-nav-border);content:'';display:block;height:1px;margin-left:50px;right:0;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1q09wwq{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-e1bf28{display:none;}}.dcr-1rg7stg{position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;color:var(--nav-reader-revenue-link-text);font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}.dcr-1rg7stg >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1rg7stg{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1rg7stg{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-1rg7stg:hover,.dcr-1rg7stg:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1rg7stg{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}}.dcr-1rg7stg:hover,.dcr-1rg7stg:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-3ae42h{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;list-style:none;margin:0;padding-bottom:10px;position:relative;}.dcr-3ae42h::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}.dcr-3ae42h:first-of-type:after{content:none;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-3ae42h{width:108px;float:left;position:relative;}.dcr-3ae42h:after{content:none;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-3ae42h{width:125px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-3ae42h{width:136px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-3ae42h:before{content:'';display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;width:1px;height:auto;background-color:var(--masthead-nav-lines);}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-3ae42h:after{content:'';display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:1px;height:auto;background-color:var(--masthead-nav-lines);}}.dcr-1mtufo3{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0 0 12px;position:relative;}.dcr-1mtufo3::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1mtufo3{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;height:100%;width:100%;padding:0 8px;}}.dcr-a1su5g{position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}.dcr-a1su5g >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-a1su5g{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-a1su5g{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-a1su5g:hover,.dcr-a1su5g:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}.dcr-a1su5g:hover,.dcr-a1su5g:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-1rinrec{display:none;padding:8px;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1rinrec{display:block;}}.dcr-iwod0p{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;list-style:none;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding-bottom:0;}.dcr-iwod0p::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-iwod0p{width:140px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-iwod0p{width:300px;}}.dcr-nnfu1a{margin-right:0;margin-top:-6px;padding-bottom:0;}.dcr-e3rvah{position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-e3rvah >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-e3rvah{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-e3rvah{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-e3rvah:hover,.dcr-e3rvah:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-e3rvah{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-e3rvah{padding:6px 0;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-e3rvah{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}}.dcr-mu6xev{position:relative;grid-column:content-start/content-end;grid-row:3;width:calc(100% + 10px);}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-mu6xev{width:calc(100% + 20px);}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-mu6xev{width:100%;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-mu6xev:before{content:'';border-left:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);position:absolute;left:-20px;top:0;bottom:0;}.dcr-mu6xev:after{content:'';border-left:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);position:absolute;right:-20px;top:0;bottom:0;}}.dcr-mu6xev ul{padding-right:32px;position:relative;}.dcr-12t3ay9{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-column-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;color:inherit;min-height:28px;width:100%;margin-top:8px;overflow-x:scroll;scrollbar-width:none;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-12t3ay9{margin-top:12px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-12t3ay9{min-height:30px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-12t3ay9{margin-top:14px;}}@supports selector(::-webkit-scrollbar){.dcr-12t3ay9::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}}.dcr-5wkng0{white-space:nowrap;}.dcr-15o3dy0{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding-right:4px;}.dcr-15o3dy0:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}.dcr-3qh43d{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}.dcr-1ikn05z{position:absolute;width:40px;height:100%;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;background:linear-gradient( to right, transparent 0%, var(--masthead-nav-background) 100% );}.dcr-1n21o7c{background-color:var(--section-background);display:grid;grid-template-rows:[headline-start image-start] auto [headline-end content-start] auto [content-end image-end] auto;grid-template-columns:[viewport-start] 0px [content-start title-start] repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)) [content-end title-end image-start] minmax(0, 1fr) [image-end] 0px [viewport-end];grid-auto-flow:dense;-webkit-column-gap:10px;column-gap:10px;}@supports not (display: grid){.dcr-1n21o7c{padding:0 12px;margin:0 auto;}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1n21o7c{padding:0 20px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1n21o7c{width:700px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1n21o7c{width:940px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1n21o7c{width:1100px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1n21o7c{width:1260px;}}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1n21o7c{-webkit-column-gap:20px;column-gap:20px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1n21o7c{grid-template-columns:[viewport-start] minmax(0, 1fr) [content-start title-start] repeat(6, 40px) [content-end title-end] repeat(4, 40px) [image-start] repeat(2, 40px) [image-end] minmax(0, 1fr) [viewport-end];}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1n21o7c{grid-template-columns:[viewport-start] minmax(0, 1fr) [content-start title-start] repeat(6, 60px) [content-end] repeat(4, 60px) [title-end image-start] repeat(2, 60px) [image-end] minmax(0, 1fr) [viewport-end];}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1n21o7c{grid-template-rows:[headline-start content-start image-start] auto [headline-end content-end image-end] auto;grid-template-columns:[viewport-start] minmax(0, 1fr) [title-start] repeat(2, 60px) [title-end content-start] repeat(7, 60px) [content-end] repeat(3, 60px) [image-start] repeat(2, 60px) [image-end] minmax(0, 1fr) [viewport-end];}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1n21o7c{grid-template-columns:[viewport-start] minmax(0, 1fr) [title-start] repeat(3, 60px) [title-end content-start] repeat(8, 60px) [content-end] repeat(2, 60px) [image-start] repeat(2, 60px) [image-end] repeat(1, 60px) minmax(0, 1fr) [viewport-end];}}.dcr-1e51nvv{grid-row:1/-1;grid-column:1/-1;border-width:1px;border-color:#DCDCDC;border-style:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1e51nvv{grid-column:2/-2;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1e51nvv{margin:0 -20px;border-left-style:solid;border-right-style:solid;}}.dcr-ptvyla{grid-row:headline;grid-column:title;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:8px;}@media (max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-ptvyla{max-width:74%;}}.dcr-1ln6kec{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;color:#121212;padding-bottom:4px;overflow-wrap:break-word;}.dcr-175nrby{margin:0;grid-column:content;grid-row:content;padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:8px;font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:500;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#707070;}.dcr-dqlcr0{display:grid;grid-template-rows:[headline-start controls-start] auto [controls-end headline-end content-toggleable-start content-start] auto [content-end content-toggleable-end bottom-content-start] auto [bottom-content-end];grid-template-columns:[decoration-start] 0px [content-start title-start] repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)) [hide-start] minmax(0, 1fr) [content-end title-end hide-end] 0px [decoration-end];grid-auto-flow:dense;-webkit-column-gap:10px;column-gap:10px;}@supports not (display: grid){.dcr-dqlcr0{padding:0 12px;margin:0 auto;}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-dqlcr0{padding:0 20px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-dqlcr0{width:700px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-dqlcr0{width:940px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-dqlcr0{width:1100px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-dqlcr0{width:1260px;}}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-dqlcr0{-webkit-column-gap:20px;column-gap:20px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-dqlcr0{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) [decoration-start content-start title-start] repeat(11, 40px) [hide-start] 40px [decoration-end content-end title-end hide-end] minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-dqlcr0{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) [decoration-start content-start title-start] repeat(11, 60px) [hide-start] 60px [decoration-end content-end title-end hide-end] minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-dqlcr0{grid-template-rows:[headline-start controls-start content-start] auto [controls-end content-toggleable-start] auto [headline-end treats-start] auto [content-end content-toggleable-end treats-end bottom-content-start] auto [bottom-content-end];grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) [decoration-start title-start] repeat(2, 60px) [title-end content-start] repeat(11, 60px) [hide-start] 60px [decoration-end hide-end content-end] minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-dqlcr0{grid-template-rows:[headline-start content-start content-toggleable-start controls-start] auto [controls-end] auto [headline-end treats-start] auto [content-end content-toggleable-end treats-end bottom-content-start] auto [bottom-content-end];grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) [decoration-start title-start] repeat(3, 60px) [title-end content-start] repeat(12, 60px) [content-end hide-start] 60px [decoration-end hide-end] minmax(0, 1fr);}}.dcr-1tbbfjt{grid-row:1/-1;grid-column:decoration;border-width:1px;border-color:var(--section-border);border-style:none;border-top-style:solid;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1tbbfjt{margin:0 -20px;border-left-style:solid;border-right-style:solid;}}.dcr-jphuvb{grid-row:headline;grid-column:title;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}@media (min-width: 740px) and (max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-jphuvb{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}}{-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-jphuvb{position:relative;}.dcr-jphuvb::after{content:'';display:block;width:1px;top:0;height:1.875rem;right:-10px;position:absolute;background-color:var(--section-border);}}@media (max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-l9k7rx{max-width:74%;}}.dcr-1atljbz{margin-left:0;}.dcr-1g8nl1f{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;margin-bottom:8px;}.dcr-k8vtvd{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;padding-bottom:4px;padding-top:6px;overflow-wrap:break-word;font-family:GuardianTextEgyptian,"Guardian Text Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.4;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}.dcr-k8vtvd:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-ufnmjy{margin:0;grid-column:content;grid-row:content;padding-top:8px;}.hidden>.dcr-ufnmjy{display:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-ufnmjy{margin-left:-10px;margin-right:-10px;}}.dcr-pnnc7v{width:100%;position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-pnnc7v{-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;width:100%;}}.dcr-pnnc7v>li{margin-bottom:12px;}@supports (row-gap: 1em){.dcr-pnnc7v{row-gap:12px;}.dcr-pnnc7v>li{margin-bottom:0;}}.dcr-tzc0jy{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;row-gap:12px;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-tzc0jy{padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;}}.dcr-908n69{display:contents;--expandingWrapper--background:#F6F6F6;--expandingWrapper--border:#121212;--expandingWrapper--collapseBackground:#FFFFFF;--expandingWrapper--collapseBackgroundHover:#E5E5E5;--expandingWrapper--collapseText:#121212;--expandingWrapper--collapseTextHover:#121212;--expandingWrapper--text:#121212;--expandingWrapper--horizontalRules:#DCDCDC;--expandingWrapper--expandBackground:#121212;--expandingWrapper--expandBackgroundHover:#454545;--expandingWrapper--expandText:#FFFFFF;--tabs--background:#F6F6F6;--tabs--text:#121212;--tabs--border:#999999;--tabs--inactiveBackground:#DCDCDC;--accordion-background:#F6F6F6;--accordion-title:#121212;--accordion-title-row-background:#FFFFFF;--accordion-title-row-border-top:#DCDCDC;--accordion-title-row-fill:#707070;--ad-background:#F6F6F6;--ad-background-article-inner:#F6F6F6;--ad-border:#DCDCDC;--ad-border-article-inner:#DCDCDC;--ad-labels-text:#707070;--ad-labels-text-article-inner:#707070;--affiliate-disclaimer-background:#F6F6F6;--affiliate-disclaimer-background-hover:#EDEDED;--age-warning-background:#FFE500;--age-warning-text:#121212;--age-warning-wrapper-background:transparent;--apps-epic-background:#F6F6F6;--apps-epic-border:#FFE500;--apps-epic-text:#121212;--apps-footer-background:#F6F6F6;--apps-footer-links-text:#121212;--apps-footer-links-text-hover:#1A1A1A;--article-background:#FFFFFF;--article-border:#DCDCDC;--article-inner-background:transparent;--article-link-border:#DCDCDC;--article-link-border-hover:#C70000;--article-link-text:#C70000;--article-link-text-hover:#C70000;--article-meta-lines:#DCDCDC;--article-section-background:#FFFFFF;--article-section-secondary-title:#333333;--article-section-title:#000000;--article-text:#121212;--audio-atom-background:#F6F6F6;--audio-atom-border:#DCDCDC;--audio-atom-icons:#C70000;--audio-atom-kicker:#C70000;--audio-atom-progress-bar:#999999;--avatar-background:#EDEDED;--bio-link-underline:#DCDCDC;--bio-text-subdued:#707070;--block-quote-fill:#707070;--block-quote-link:#C70000;--block-quote-text:#121212;--branding-border:#DCDCDC;--branding-label-text:#333333;--branding-link-text:#C70000;--bullet-fill:#707070;--button-background-primary:#052962;--button-background-primary-hover:#234B8A;--button-text-primary:#FFFFFF;--byline:#C70000;--byline-anchor:#C70000;--byline-background:#FFE500;--byline-hover:#AB0613;--byline-underline:inherit;--callout-highlight-background:#FFE500;--callout-highlight-text:#121212;--callout-prompt:#0077B6;--callout-submit-background:#052962;--callout-submit-background-hover:#234B8A;--callout-submit-text:#FFFFFF;--caption-link:#C70000;--caption-overlay-text:#FFFFFF;--caption-photo-essay-main-media-text:#707070;--caption-text:#707070;--card-background:transparent;--card-background-hover:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.1);--card-border-supporting:#DCDCDC;--card-border-top:#BABABA;--card-footer-text:#707070;--card-headline:#121212;--card-kicker-text:#C70000;--card-media-background:#F6F6F6;--card-media-icon:#F6F6F6;--card-media-waveform:#DCDCDC;--card-sublinks-background:#F6F6F6;--card-trail-text:#545454;--carousel-active-dot:#C70000;--carousel-active-dot-hover:#C70000;--carousel-arrow:#FFFFFF;--carousel-arrow-background:#000000;--carousel-arrow-background-disabled:#707070;--carousel-arrow-background-hover:#FFE500;--carousel-border:#DCDCDC;--carousel-chevron:#121212;--carousel-chevron-border:#BABABA;--carousel-chevron-border-disabled:rgba(186, 186, 186, 0.32);--carousel-chevron-disabled:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.32);--carousel-chevron-hover:rgba(186, 186, 186, 0.2);--carousel-dot:#EDEDED;--carousel-dot-hover:#DCDCDC;--carousel-text:#121212;--carousel-title-highlight:#C70000;--click-to-view-background:#F6F6F6;--click-to-view-border:#DCDCDC;--click-to-view-button:#052962;--click-to-view-button-hover:#234B8A;--click-to-view-button-text:#FFFFFF;--code-block-background:#f5f2f0;--code-block-text-shadow:#FFFFFF;--comment-count-fill:#C70000;--comment-count-mobile-fill:#C70000;--comment-form-header-background:#F6F6F6;--comment-form-input-background:#FFFFFF;--cricket-scoreboard-border-top:#005689;--cricket-scoreboard-divider:#DCDCDC;--cricket-scoreboard-link-text:#005689;--crossword-clues-header-border-bottom:#DCDCDC;--crossword-clues-header-border-top:#BB3B80;--dateline:#707070;--dateline-mobile:#707070;--design-tag-background:#AB0613;--design-tag-text:#FFFFFF;--discussion-accent-text:#C70000;--discussion-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-border:#DCDCDC;--discussion-button-background-hover:#C70000;--discussion-button-text:#FFFFFF;--discussion-comment-underline:#DCDCDC;--discussion-link:#0077B6;--discussion-loading-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-loading-shimmer:#DCDCDC;--discussion-pagination-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-pagination-border:#DCDCDC;--discussion-pagination-border-hover:#999999;--discussion-pagination-text:#707070;--discussion-pick-label-text:#121212;--discussion-pre-mod:#0077B6;--discussion-preview-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-primary-button-background:#AB0613;--discussion-report-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-report-border:#545454;--discussion-report-button:#052962;--discussion-report-error-text:#C70000;--discussion-report-label-text:#121212;--discussion-report-success-text:#22874D;--discussion-section-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-selected-background:#F6F6F6;--discussion-staff-label-text:#052962;--discussion-subdued:#707070;--discussion-text:#121212;--discussion-top-pick-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-top-pick-link:#0077B6;--drop-cap:#8B0000;--editorial-button-background:#AB0613;--editorial-button-background-hover:#C70000;--editorial-button-border-hover:#C70000;--editorial-button-text:#C70000;--email-signup-button-background:#000000;--email-signup-button-hover:#333333;--email-signup-button-text:#FFFFFF;--end-note-text-subdued:#707070;--eu-parliament-ecr:#0077B6;--eu-parliament-epp:#3DBBE2;--eu-parliament-greensefa:#39A566;--eu-parliament-ni:#333333;--eu-parliament-renew:#FF7F0F;--eu-parliament-sd:#C70000;--eu-parliament-theleft:#8B0000;--eu-parliament-unknown:#848484;--expandable-atom-background:#EDEDED;--expandable-atom-border:#DCDCDC;--expandable-atom-button:#000000;--expandable-atom-button-fill:#FFFFFF;--expandable-atom-text-hover:#C70000;--explainer-atom-accent:#121212;--explainer-atom-background:#F6F6F6;--feature-card-background:#EDEDED;--feature-card-footer-text:#DCDCDC;--feature-card-headline:#F6F6F6;--feature-card-kicker-text:#FFBAC8;--feature-card-trail-text:#DCDCDC;--filter-key-events-toggle-border-top:#DCDCDC;--follow-icon-background:#FFFFFF;--follow-icon-fill:#C70000;--follow-text:#121212;--football-competition-select-text:#121212;--football-match-hover:#EDEDED;--football-match-list-background:#F6F6F6;--football-match-list-border:#EDEDED;--football-match-list-competition-text:#005689;--football-match-list-error:#C70000;--football-match-list-live-status:#00B2FF;--football-match-list-sub-text:#707070;--football-match-list-top-border:#00B2FF;--front-container-background:#FFFFFF;--front-page-background:#FFFFFF;--heading-line:#8B0000;--headline-background:transparent;--headline-blog-background:#FFFFFF;--headline-border:#DCDCDC;--headline-byline:inherit;--headline-colour:#121212;--headline-match-colour:#C70000;--highlights-card-headline:#121212;--highlights-card-kicker-text:#C70000;--highlights-container-background:#F6F6F6;--highlights-container-border:#999999;--highlights-container-end-fade:transparent;--highlights-container-mid-fade:rgba(250, 250, 250, 0.6);--highlights-container-start-fade:#F6F6F6;--image-title-background:#C70000;--interactive-atom-background:transparent;--interactive-block-background:#FFFFFF;--interactive-block-background-datawrapper:#FFFFFF;--interactive-contents-hover:#EDEDED;--key-event-background:#F6F6F6;--key-event-background-desktop:#EDEDED;--key-event-border:#707070;--key-event-bullet:#707070;--key-event-bullet-hover:#000000;--key-event-button:#121212;--key-event-button-fill:#FFFFFF;--key-event-button-hover:#FFD900;--key-event-text:#AB0613;--key-event-title:#121212;--kicker-background-live:#C70000;--kicker-pulsing-dot-live:rgba(246, 246, 246, 0.75);--kicker-text-live:#F6F6F6;--last-updated-text:#000000;--latest-links-dotted-line:#999999;--lightbox-divider:#C70000;--link-kicker-text:#C70000;--live-block-border-bottom:#DCDCDC;--live-block-border-top:#C70000;--live-block-container-background:#FFFFFF;--masthead-nav-background:#052962;--masthead-nav-border:#506991;--masthead-nav-lines:#506991;--masthead-nav-link-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-nav-link-text-hover:#FFE500;--masthead-top-bar-background:#041F4A;--masthead-top-bar-link-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-top-bar-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-top-bar-vertical-divider:#506991;--masthead-veggie-burger-background:#FFE500;--masthead-veggie-burger-background-hover:#FFD900;--masthead-veggie-burger-icon:#052962;--match-nav-background:#FFE500;--match-nav-text:#121212;--match-stats-background:#d9edf6;--match-tab-border:#DCDCDC;--match-tab-border-active:#005689;--most-viewed-description:#707070;--most-viewed-footer-hover:#F6F6F6;--most-viewed-headline:#121212;--most-viewed-tab-border:#AB0613;--multi-byline-non-linked-text:#707070;--nav-reader-revenue-link-text:#FFE500;--nav-search-bar-background:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);--nav-search-bar-icon:#FFFFFF;--nav-search-bar-text:#FFFFFF;--numbered-list-heading:#121212;--numbered-list-links:#C70000;--numbered-list-number:#707070;--numbered-list-title:#C70000;--pagination-text:#C70000;--pill-background:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.7);--pill-bullet:#FF5943;--pill-divider:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);--pill-text:#FFFFFF;--pinned-post-background:#FFFFFF;--pinned-post-border:#AB0613;--podcast-meta-button-background:#333333;--podcast-meta-button-background-hover:#1A1A1A;--podcast-meta-button-text:#DCDCDC;--podcast-meta-title:#F6F6F6;--privacy-text-regular:#121212;--privacy-text-supporting:#000000;--privacy-text-supporting-subdued:#707070;--pullquote-background:#FFFFFF;--pullquote-border:#DCDCDC;--pullquote-icon:#999999;--pullquote-text:#121212;--quiz-atom-answers-background:#F6F6F6;--quiz-atom-answers-hover:#DCDCDC;--quiz-atom-button-background:#052962;--quiz-atom-button-background-hover:#234B8A;--quiz-atom-button-text:#FFFFFF;--quiz-atom-check-mark:#000000;--quiz-atom-incorrect-answer-background:#C70000;--quiz-atom-results-background:#EDEDED;--quiz-atom-results-border:#EDEDED;--quiz-atom-results-number:#052962;--quiz-atom-results-text:#121212;--quote-icon-fill:#C70000;--recaptcha-border:#121212;--recaptcha-button:#000000;--recaptcha-button-hover:#333333;--recaptcha-button-text:#FFFFFF;--recommendation-count:#F6F6F6;--recommendation-count-arrow:#707070;--recommendation-count-arrow-selected:#FFFFFF;--recommendation-count-selected:#052962;--rich-link-background:#F6F6F6;--rich-link-background-hover:#EDEDED;--rich-link-border:#C70000;--rich-link-branding-text:#707070;--rich-link-fill:#C70000;--rich-link-header:#000000;--rich-link-text:#C70000;--section-background:transparent;--section-background-left:transparent;--section-border:#DCDCDC;--section-border-primary:#333333;--section-border-secondary:#BABABA;--section-date:#C70000;--section-description:#707070;--section-title-background:transparent;--section-toggle-button:#707070;--section-toggle-button-hover:#121212;--series-title-background:transparent;--series-title-match-text:#C70000;--series-title-text:#C70000;--share-button:#C70000;--share-button-border:#DCDCDC;--share-button-copied:#121212;--share-button-hover:#FFFFFF;--share-button-liveblog-mobile-meta:#8B0000;--share-button-xsmall-border:#DCDCDC;--sign-in-link:#AB0613;--sign-in-link-underline:#DCDCDC;--slideshow-caption:#FFFFFF;--slideshow-pagination-dot:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.2);--slideshow-pagination-dot-active:#121212;--speech-bubble-background:#C70000;--stacked-progress-background:#DCDCDC;--stacked-progress-to-win:#121212;--staff-contributor-badge:#052962;--staff-contributor-badge-text:#FFFFFF;--staff-pick-badge:#121212;--staff-pick-badge-text:#FFFFFF;--standfirst-background:#FFFFFF;--standfirst-border:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-bullet:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-link-border:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-link-text:#C70000;--standfirst-text:#000000;--star-rating-background:#FFE500;--star-rating-fill:#121212;--straight-lines:#DCDCDC;--stuck-background:#FFFFFF;--sub-meta-background:#FFFFFF;--sub-meta-label-text:#707070;--sub-meta-text:#C70000;--sub-meta-text-hover:#FFFFFF;--sub-nav-border:#C70000;--sub-nav-link-footer:#121212;--sub-nav-link-header:#121212;--sub-nav-link-hover:#C70000;--sub-nav-more:#999999;--subheading-text:#121212;--summary-event-bullet:#C70000;--summary-event-bullet-hover:#8B0000;--syndication-button-border:#DCDCDC;--syndication-button-hover:#DCDCDC;--syndication-button-text:#707070;--table-block-background:#F6F6F6;--table-block-border-top:#0077B6;--table-block-stripe:#EDEDED;--table-block-text:#121212;--table-block-text-first-column:#707070;--table-of-contents:#121212;--table-of-contents-border:#DCDCDC;--tabs-input:#FFFFFF;--tag-page-chevron:#000000;--textblock-bullet-background:#C70000;--textblock-text:inherit;--timeline-atom-bullet:#121212;--timeline-atom-highlight-text:#000000;--timeline-atom-highlight-text-background:#FFE500;--timeline-bullet:#8B0000;--timeline-event-border:#DCDCDC;--treat-background:#000000;--treat-text:#F6F6F6;--trending-topics-background:#FFFFFF;--trending-topics-separator:#DCDCDC;--trending-topics-text:#333333;--uk-elections-conservative:#0077B6;--uk-elections-labour:#C70000;--uk-elections-lib-dem:#E05E00;--uk-elections-reform:#3DBBE2;--uk-elections-snp:#F5DC00;--us-elections-democrats:#093CA3;--us-elections-republicans:#C70000;--witness-title-author:#C70000;--witness-title-icon:#C70000;--witness-title-text:#C70000;--youtube-overlay-kicker:#FF5943;}.dcr-f9aim1{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;width:100%;position:relative;color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media not all and (min-resolution: 0.001dpcm){@supports (-webkit-appearance: none) and (not (stroke-color: transparent)){.dcr-f9aim1{display:grid;grid-auto-rows:min-content;-webkit-align-content:start;-ms-flex-line-pack:start;align-content:start;}}}.dcr-f9aim1:hover .image-overlay{position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;left:0;background-color:var(--card-background-hover);}.dcr-f9aim1:hover .card-headline .show-underline{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-f9aim1:has(ul.sublinks:hover) .card-headline .show-underline{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-f9aim1:before{border-top:1px solid var(--card-border-top);content:'';z-index:2;width:100%;padding-bottom:8px;background-color:unset;}.dcr-2yd10d{position:absolute;z-index:2;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-color:transparent;}.dcr-2yd10d:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .dcr-2yd10d:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #0077B6;}.dcr-b9p4z1{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;width:100%;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-b9p4z1{-webkit-flex-direction:row-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse;}}.dcr-755y67{-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;position:relative;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-755y67{-webkit-align-self:flex-start;-ms-flex-item-align:flex-start;align-self:flex-start;}}.dcr-755y67 img{width:100%;display:block;}.dcr-zigv41{display:block;padding-top:60%;position:relative;}.dcr-zigv41>*{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;}.dcr-l300o4{display:block;}.dcr-f3ar9h{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-f3ar9h{-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;}}.dcr-vy6xhd{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start;-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;}.dcr-147a5s0{padding-bottom:8px;}.dcr-1d8jwt1{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.75rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:500;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-1d8jwt1{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:500;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}}.dcr-uyefka{color:var(--card-headline);}.dcr-4v2oe6{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;color:var(--card-headline);font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;padding-bottom:8px;padding-top:8px;}.dcr-4v2oe6 strong{font-weight:bold;}.dcr-udklzc{margin-top:auto;padding-top:4px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:'flex-start';-ms-flex-pack:'flex-start';-webkit-justify-content:'flex-start';justify-content:'flex-start';width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}.dcr-udklzc >:nth-child(2){margin-left:4px;padding-left:4px;}.dcr-udklzc >:nth-child(2)::before{content:'';display:block;width:1px;height:12px;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;background-color:#999999;margin-right:4px;}.dcr-kap5pr{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:var(--card-footer-text);margin-top:-4px;}.dcr-kap5pr svg{fill:var(--card-footer-text);margin-bottom:-1px;height:11px;width:11px;margin-right:2px;}.dcr-1xrkea9{grid-row:bottom-content;grid-column:content;padding-bottom:36px;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1xrkea9{margin-left:-10px;margin-right:-10px;}}.hidden>.dcr-1xrkea9{display:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-12r3co1{display:none;}}.dcr-1m759r1{position:relative;min-height:274px;min-width:300px;width:300px;margin:12px auto;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1m759r1{display:none;}}.dcr-pgxvx8{display:contents;--expandingWrapper--background:#F6F6F6;--expandingWrapper--border:#121212;--expandingWrapper--collapseBackground:#FFFFFF;--expandingWrapper--collapseBackgroundHover:#E5E5E5;--expandingWrapper--collapseText:#121212;--expandingWrapper--collapseTextHover:#121212;--expandingWrapper--text:#121212;--expandingWrapper--horizontalRules:#DCDCDC;--expandingWrapper--expandBackground:#121212;--expandingWrapper--expandBackgroundHover:#454545;--expandingWrapper--expandText:#FFFFFF;--tabs--background:#F6F6F6;--tabs--text:#121212;--tabs--border:#999999;--tabs--inactiveBackground:#DCDCDC;--accordion-background:#F6F6F6;--accordion-title:#121212;--accordion-title-row-background:#FFFFFF;--accordion-title-row-border-top:#DCDCDC;--accordion-title-row-fill:#707070;--ad-background:#F6F6F6;--ad-background-article-inner:#F6F6F6;--ad-border:#DCDCDC;--ad-border-article-inner:#DCDCDC;--ad-labels-text:#707070;--ad-labels-text-article-inner:#707070;--affiliate-disclaimer-background:#F6F6F6;--affiliate-disclaimer-background-hover:#EDEDED;--age-warning-background:#FFE500;--age-warning-text:#121212;--age-warning-wrapper-background:transparent;--apps-epic-background:#F6F6F6;--apps-epic-border:#FFE500;--apps-epic-text:#121212;--apps-footer-background:#F6F6F6;--apps-footer-links-text:#121212;--apps-footer-links-text-hover:#1A1A1A;--article-background:#FFFFFF;--article-border:#DCDCDC;--article-inner-background:transparent;--article-link-border:#DCDCDC;--article-link-border-hover:#866D50;--article-link-text:#866D50;--article-link-text-hover:#6B5840;--article-meta-lines:#DCDCDC;--article-section-background:#FFFFFF;--article-section-secondary-title:#333333;--article-section-title:#000000;--article-text:#121212;--audio-atom-background:#F6F6F6;--audio-atom-border:#DCDCDC;--audio-atom-icons:#866D50;--audio-atom-kicker:#866D50;--audio-atom-progress-bar:#999999;--avatar-background:#EDEDED;--bio-link-underline:#DCDCDC;--bio-text-subdued:#707070;--block-quote-fill:#707070;--block-quote-link:#866D50;--block-quote-text:#121212;--branding-border:#DCDCDC;--branding-label-text:#333333;--branding-link-text:#866D50;--bullet-fill:#707070;--button-background-primary:#052962;--button-background-primary-hover:#234B8A;--button-text-primary:#FFFFFF;--byline:#866D50;--byline-anchor:#866D50;--byline-background:#FFE500;--byline-hover:#6B5840;--byline-underline:inherit;--callout-highlight-background:#FFE500;--callout-highlight-text:#121212;--callout-prompt:#0077B6;--callout-submit-background:#052962;--callout-submit-background-hover:#234B8A;--callout-submit-text:#FFFFFF;--caption-link:#866D50;--caption-overlay-text:#FFFFFF;--caption-photo-essay-main-media-text:#707070;--caption-text:#707070;--card-background:transparent;--card-background-hover:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.1);--card-border-supporting:#DCDCDC;--card-border-top:#BABABA;--card-footer-text:#707070;--card-headline:#121212;--card-kicker-text:#866D50;--card-media-background:#F6F6F6;--card-media-icon:#F6F6F6;--card-media-waveform:#DCDCDC;--card-sublinks-background:#F6F6F6;--card-trail-text:#545454;--carousel-active-dot:#866D50;--carousel-active-dot-hover:#866D50;--carousel-arrow:#FFFFFF;--carousel-arrow-background:#000000;--carousel-arrow-background-disabled:#707070;--carousel-arrow-background-hover:#FFE500;--carousel-border:#DCDCDC;--carousel-chevron:#121212;--carousel-chevron-border:#BABABA;--carousel-chevron-border-disabled:rgba(186, 186, 186, 0.32);--carousel-chevron-disabled:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.32);--carousel-chevron-hover:rgba(186, 186, 186, 0.2);--carousel-dot:#EDEDED;--carousel-dot-hover:#DCDCDC;--carousel-text:#121212;--carousel-title-highlight:#866D50;--click-to-view-background:#F6F6F6;--click-to-view-border:#DCDCDC;--click-to-view-button:#052962;--click-to-view-button-hover:#234B8A;--click-to-view-button-text:#FFFFFF;--code-block-background:#f5f2f0;--code-block-text-shadow:#FFFFFF;--comment-count-fill:#866D50;--comment-count-mobile-fill:#866D50;--comment-form-header-background:#F6F6F6;--comment-form-input-background:#FFFFFF;--cricket-scoreboard-border-top:#005689;--cricket-scoreboard-divider:#DCDCDC;--cricket-scoreboard-link-text:#005689;--crossword-clues-header-border-bottom:#DCDCDC;--crossword-clues-header-border-top:#BB3B80;--dateline:#707070;--dateline-mobile:#707070;--design-tag-background:#6B5840;--design-tag-text:#FFFFFF;--discussion-accent-text:#866D50;--discussion-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-border:#DCDCDC;--discussion-button-background-hover:#866D50;--discussion-button-text:#FFFFFF;--discussion-comment-underline:#DCDCDC;--discussion-link:#0077B6;--discussion-loading-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-loading-shimmer:#DCDCDC;--discussion-pagination-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-pagination-border:#DCDCDC;--discussion-pagination-border-hover:#999999;--discussion-pagination-text:#707070;--discussion-pick-label-text:#121212;--discussion-pre-mod:#0077B6;--discussion-preview-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-primary-button-background:#6B5840;--discussion-report-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-report-border:#545454;--discussion-report-button:#052962;--discussion-report-error-text:#C70000;--discussion-report-label-text:#121212;--discussion-report-success-text:#22874D;--discussion-section-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-selected-background:#F6F6F6;--discussion-staff-label-text:#052962;--discussion-subdued:#707070;--discussion-text:#121212;--discussion-top-pick-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-top-pick-link:#0077B6;--drop-cap:#574835;--editorial-button-background:#6B5840;--editorial-button-background-hover:#866D50;--editorial-button-border-hover:#866D50;--editorial-button-text:#866D50;--email-signup-button-background:#000000;--email-signup-button-hover:#333333;--email-signup-button-text:#FFFFFF;--end-note-text-subdued:#707070;--eu-parliament-ecr:#0077B6;--eu-parliament-epp:#3DBBE2;--eu-parliament-greensefa:#39A566;--eu-parliament-ni:#333333;--eu-parliament-renew:#FF7F0F;--eu-parliament-sd:#C70000;--eu-parliament-theleft:#8B0000;--eu-parliament-unknown:#848484;--expandable-atom-background:#EDEDED;--expandable-atom-border:#DCDCDC;--expandable-atom-button:#000000;--expandable-atom-button-fill:#FFFFFF;--expandable-atom-text-hover:#866D50;--explainer-atom-accent:#121212;--explainer-atom-background:#F6F6F6;--feature-card-background:#EDEDED;--feature-card-footer-text:#DCDCDC;--feature-card-headline:#F6F6F6;--feature-card-kicker-text:#E7D4B9;--feature-card-trail-text:#DCDCDC;--filter-key-events-toggle-border-top:#DCDCDC;--follow-icon-background:#FFFFFF;--follow-icon-fill:#866D50;--follow-text:#121212;--football-competition-select-text:#121212;--football-match-hover:#EDEDED;--football-match-list-background:#F6F6F6;--football-match-list-border:#EDEDED;--football-match-list-competition-text:#005689;--football-match-list-error:#C70000;--football-match-list-live-status:#00B2FF;--football-match-list-sub-text:#707070;--football-match-list-top-border:#00B2FF;--front-container-background:#FFFFFF;--front-page-background:#FFFFFF;--heading-line:#574835;--headline-background:transparent;--headline-blog-background:#FFFFFF;--headline-border:#DCDCDC;--headline-byline:inherit;--headline-colour:#121212;--headline-match-colour:#866D50;--highlights-card-headline:#121212;--highlights-card-kicker-text:#866D50;--highlights-container-background:#F6F6F6;--highlights-container-border:#999999;--highlights-container-end-fade:transparent;--highlights-container-mid-fade:rgba(250, 250, 250, 0.6);--highlights-container-start-fade:#F6F6F6;--image-title-background:#866D50;--interactive-atom-background:transparent;--interactive-block-background:#FFFFFF;--interactive-block-background-datawrapper:#FFFFFF;--interactive-contents-hover:#EDEDED;--key-event-background:#F6F6F6;--key-event-background-desktop:#EDEDED;--key-event-border:#707070;--key-event-bullet:#707070;--key-event-bullet-hover:#000000;--key-event-button:#121212;--key-event-button-fill:#FFFFFF;--key-event-button-hover:#FFD900;--key-event-text:#6B5840;--key-event-title:#121212;--kicker-background-live:#866D50;--kicker-pulsing-dot-live:rgba(246, 246, 246, 0.75);--kicker-text-live:#F6F6F6;--last-updated-text:#000000;--latest-links-dotted-line:#999999;--lightbox-divider:#866D50;--link-kicker-text:#866D50;--live-block-border-bottom:#DCDCDC;--live-block-border-top:#866D50;--live-block-container-background:#FFFFFF;--masthead-nav-background:#052962;--masthead-nav-border:#506991;--masthead-nav-lines:#506991;--masthead-nav-link-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-nav-link-text-hover:#FFE500;--masthead-top-bar-background:#041F4A;--masthead-top-bar-link-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-top-bar-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-top-bar-vertical-divider:#506991;--masthead-veggie-burger-background:#FFE500;--masthead-veggie-burger-background-hover:#FFD900;--masthead-veggie-burger-icon:#052962;--match-nav-background:#FFE500;--match-nav-text:#121212;--match-stats-background:#d9edf6;--match-tab-border:#DCDCDC;--match-tab-border-active:#005689;--most-viewed-description:#707070;--most-viewed-footer-hover:#F6F6F6;--most-viewed-headline:#121212;--most-viewed-tab-border:#6B5840;--multi-byline-non-linked-text:#707070;--nav-reader-revenue-link-text:#FFE500;--nav-search-bar-background:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);--nav-search-bar-icon:#FFFFFF;--nav-search-bar-text:#FFFFFF;--numbered-list-heading:#121212;--numbered-list-links:#866D50;--numbered-list-number:#707070;--numbered-list-title:#866D50;--pagination-text:#6B5840;--pill-background:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.7);--pill-bullet:#FF5943;--pill-divider:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);--pill-text:#FFFFFF;--pinned-post-background:#FFFFFF;--pinned-post-border:#6B5840;--podcast-meta-button-background:#333333;--podcast-meta-button-background-hover:#1A1A1A;--podcast-meta-button-text:#DCDCDC;--podcast-meta-title:#F6F6F6;--privacy-text-regular:#121212;--privacy-text-supporting:#000000;--privacy-text-supporting-subdued:#707070;--pullquote-background:#FFFFFF;--pullquote-border:#DCDCDC;--pullquote-icon:#999999;--pullquote-text:#121212;--quiz-atom-answers-background:#F6F6F6;--quiz-atom-answers-hover:#DCDCDC;--quiz-atom-button-background:#052962;--quiz-atom-button-background-hover:#234B8A;--quiz-atom-button-text:#FFFFFF;--quiz-atom-check-mark:#000000;--quiz-atom-incorrect-answer-background:#C70000;--quiz-atom-results-background:#EDEDED;--quiz-atom-results-border:#EDEDED;--quiz-atom-results-number:#052962;--quiz-atom-results-text:#121212;--quote-icon-fill:#866D50;--recaptcha-border:#121212;--recaptcha-button:#000000;--recaptcha-button-hover:#333333;--recaptcha-button-text:#FFFFFF;--recommendation-count:#F6F6F6;--recommendation-count-arrow:#707070;--recommendation-count-arrow-selected:#FFFFFF;--recommendation-count-selected:#052962;--rich-link-background:#F6F6F6;--rich-link-background-hover:#EDEDED;--rich-link-border:#866D50;--rich-link-branding-text:#707070;--rich-link-fill:#866D50;--rich-link-header:#000000;--rich-link-text:#866D50;--section-background:transparent;--section-background-left:transparent;--section-border:#DCDCDC;--section-border-primary:#333333;--section-border-secondary:#BABABA;--section-date:#C70000;--section-description:#707070;--section-title-background:transparent;--section-toggle-button:#707070;--section-toggle-button-hover:#121212;--series-title-background:transparent;--series-title-match-text:#866D50;--series-title-text:#866D50;--share-button:#866D50;--share-button-border:#DCDCDC;--share-button-copied:#121212;--share-button-hover:#FFFFFF;--share-button-liveblog-mobile-meta:#574835;--share-button-xsmall-border:#DCDCDC;--sign-in-link:#6B5840;--sign-in-link-underline:#DCDCDC;--slideshow-caption:#FFFFFF;--slideshow-pagination-dot:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.2);--slideshow-pagination-dot-active:#121212;--speech-bubble-background:#866D50;--stacked-progress-background:#DCDCDC;--stacked-progress-to-win:#121212;--staff-contributor-badge:#052962;--staff-contributor-badge-text:#FFFFFF;--staff-pick-badge:#121212;--staff-pick-badge-text:#FFFFFF;--standfirst-background:#FFFFFF;--standfirst-border:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-bullet:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-link-border:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-link-text:#6B5840;--standfirst-text:#000000;--star-rating-background:#FFE500;--star-rating-fill:#121212;--straight-lines:#DCDCDC;--stuck-background:#FFFFFF;--sub-meta-background:#FFFFFF;--sub-meta-label-text:#707070;--sub-meta-text:#866D50;--sub-meta-text-hover:#FFFFFF;--sub-nav-border:#866D50;--sub-nav-link-footer:#121212;--sub-nav-link-header:#121212;--sub-nav-link-hover:#6B5840;--sub-nav-more:#999999;--subheading-text:#121212;--summary-event-bullet:#866D50;--summary-event-bullet-hover:#574835;--syndication-button-border:#DCDCDC;--syndication-button-hover:#DCDCDC;--syndication-button-text:#707070;--table-block-background:#F6F6F6;--table-block-border-top:#0077B6;--table-block-stripe:#EDEDED;--table-block-text:#121212;--table-block-text-first-column:#707070;--table-of-contents:#121212;--table-of-contents-border:#DCDCDC;--tabs-input:#FFFFFF;--tag-page-chevron:#000000;--textblock-bullet-background:#866D50;--textblock-text:inherit;--timeline-atom-bullet:#121212;--timeline-atom-highlight-text:#000000;--timeline-atom-highlight-text-background:#FFE500;--timeline-bullet:#574835;--timeline-event-border:#DCDCDC;--treat-background:#000000;--treat-text:#F6F6F6;--trending-topics-background:#FFFFFF;--trending-topics-separator:#DCDCDC;--trending-topics-text:#333333;--uk-elections-conservative:#0077B6;--uk-elections-labour:#C70000;--uk-elections-lib-dem:#E05E00;--uk-elections-reform:#3DBBE2;--uk-elections-snp:#F5DC00;--us-elections-democrats:#093CA3;--us-elections-republicans:#C70000;--witness-title-author:#866D50;--witness-title-icon:#866D50;--witness-title-text:#866D50;--youtube-overlay-kicker:#EACCA0;}.dcr-12mgsnl{display:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-12mgsnl{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;min-height:134px;background-color:var(--ad-background);}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-12mgsnl{min-height:294px;}}.dcr-dk0wj3{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;width:1300px;}.dcr-dk0wj3.ad-slot--full-width{width:100%;}.dcr-dk0wj3.ad-slot--full-width .ad-slot{max-width:100%;}.dcr-aygtuk{position:relative;min-height:134px;max-width:728px;max-height:114px;overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:20px;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-aygtuk{max-height:624px;max-width:1300px;}}.dcr-s76wdc{display:contents;--expandingWrapper--background:#F6F6F6;--expandingWrapper--border:#121212;--expandingWrapper--collapseBackground:#FFFFFF;--expandingWrapper--collapseBackgroundHover:#E5E5E5;--expandingWrapper--collapseText:#121212;--expandingWrapper--collapseTextHover:#121212;--expandingWrapper--text:#121212;--expandingWrapper--horizontalRules:#DCDCDC;--expandingWrapper--expandBackground:#121212;--expandingWrapper--expandBackgroundHover:#454545;--expandingWrapper--expandText:#FFFFFF;--tabs--background:#F6F6F6;--tabs--text:#121212;--tabs--border:#999999;--tabs--inactiveBackground:#DCDCDC;--accordion-background:#F6F6F6;--accordion-title:#121212;--accordion-title-row-background:#FFFFFF;--accordion-title-row-border-top:#DCDCDC;--accordion-title-row-fill:#707070;--ad-background:#F6F6F6;--ad-background-article-inner:#F6F6F6;--ad-border:#DCDCDC;--ad-border-article-inner:#DCDCDC;--ad-labels-text:#707070;--ad-labels-text-article-inner:#707070;--affiliate-disclaimer-background:#F6F6F6;--affiliate-disclaimer-background-hover:#EDEDED;--age-warning-background:#FFE500;--age-warning-text:#121212;--age-warning-wrapper-background:transparent;--apps-epic-background:#F6F6F6;--apps-epic-border:#FFE500;--apps-epic-text:#121212;--apps-footer-background:#F6F6F6;--apps-footer-links-text:#121212;--apps-footer-links-text-hover:#1A1A1A;--article-background:transparent;--article-border:#DCDCDC;--article-inner-background:transparent;--article-link-border:#DCDCDC;--article-link-border-hover:#C70000;--article-link-text:#C70000;--article-link-text-hover:#C70000;--article-meta-lines:#DCDCDC;--article-section-background:#FFFFFF;--article-section-secondary-title:#333333;--article-section-title:#000000;--article-text:#121212;--audio-atom-background:#F6F6F6;--audio-atom-border:#DCDCDC;--audio-atom-icons:#C70000;--audio-atom-kicker:#C70000;--audio-atom-progress-bar:#999999;--avatar-background:#EDEDED;--bio-link-underline:#DCDCDC;--bio-text-subdued:#707070;--block-quote-fill:#C70000;--block-quote-link:#C70000;--block-quote-text:#707070;--branding-border:#DCDCDC;--branding-label-text:#333333;--branding-link-text:#C70000;--bullet-fill:#707070;--button-background-primary:#052962;--button-background-primary-hover:#234B8A;--button-text-primary:#FFFFFF;--byline:#C70000;--byline-anchor:#C70000;--byline-background:#FFE500;--byline-hover:#AB0613;--byline-underline:inherit;--callout-highlight-background:#FFE500;--callout-highlight-text:#121212;--callout-prompt:#0077B6;--callout-submit-background:#052962;--callout-submit-background-hover:#234B8A;--callout-submit-text:#FFFFFF;--caption-link:#C70000;--caption-overlay-text:#FFFFFF;--caption-photo-essay-main-media-text:#707070;--caption-text:#707070;--card-background:transparent;--card-background-hover:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.1);--card-border-supporting:#DCDCDC;--card-border-top:#BABABA;--card-footer-text:#707070;--card-headline:#121212;--card-kicker-text:#C70000;--card-media-background:#F6F6F6;--card-media-icon:#F6F6F6;--card-media-waveform:#DCDCDC;--card-sublinks-background:#F6F6F6;--card-trail-text:#545454;--carousel-active-dot:#C70000;--carousel-active-dot-hover:#C70000;--carousel-arrow:#FFFFFF;--carousel-arrow-background:#000000;--carousel-arrow-background-disabled:#707070;--carousel-arrow-background-hover:#FFE500;--carousel-border:#DCDCDC;--carousel-chevron:#121212;--carousel-chevron-border:#BABABA;--carousel-chevron-border-disabled:rgba(186, 186, 186, 0.32);--carousel-chevron-disabled:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.32);--carousel-chevron-hover:rgba(186, 186, 186, 0.2);--carousel-dot:#EDEDED;--carousel-dot-hover:#DCDCDC;--carousel-text:#121212;--carousel-title-highlight:#C70000;--click-to-view-background:#F6F6F6;--click-to-view-border:#DCDCDC;--click-to-view-button:#052962;--click-to-view-button-hover:#234B8A;--click-to-view-button-text:#FFFFFF;--code-block-background:#f5f2f0;--code-block-text-shadow:#FFFFFF;--comment-count-fill:#C70000;--comment-count-mobile-fill:#C70000;--comment-form-header-background:#F6F6F6;--comment-form-input-background:#FFFFFF;--cricket-scoreboard-border-top:#005689;--cricket-scoreboard-divider:#DCDCDC;--cricket-scoreboard-link-text:#005689;--crossword-clues-header-border-bottom:#DCDCDC;--crossword-clues-header-border-top:#BB3B80;--dateline:#999999;--dateline-mobile:#707070;--design-tag-background:#AB0613;--design-tag-text:#FFFFFF;--discussion-accent-text:#C70000;--discussion-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-border:#DCDCDC;--discussion-button-background-hover:#C70000;--discussion-button-text:#FFFFFF;--discussion-comment-underline:#DCDCDC;--discussion-link:#0077B6;--discussion-loading-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-loading-shimmer:#DCDCDC;--discussion-pagination-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-pagination-border:#DCDCDC;--discussion-pagination-border-hover:#999999;--discussion-pagination-text:#707070;--discussion-pick-label-text:#121212;--discussion-pre-mod:#0077B6;--discussion-preview-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-primary-button-background:#AB0613;--discussion-report-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-report-border:#545454;--discussion-report-button:#052962;--discussion-report-error-text:#C70000;--discussion-report-label-text:#121212;--discussion-report-success-text:#22874D;--discussion-section-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-selected-background:#F6F6F6;--discussion-staff-label-text:#052962;--discussion-subdued:#707070;--discussion-text:#121212;--discussion-top-pick-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-top-pick-link:#0077B6;--drop-cap:#8B0000;--editorial-button-background:#AB0613;--editorial-button-background-hover:#C70000;--editorial-button-border-hover:#C70000;--editorial-button-text:#C70000;--email-signup-button-background:#000000;--email-signup-button-hover:#333333;--email-signup-button-text:#FFFFFF;--end-note-text-subdued:#707070;--eu-parliament-ecr:#0077B6;--eu-parliament-epp:#3DBBE2;--eu-parliament-greensefa:#39A566;--eu-parliament-ni:#333333;--eu-parliament-renew:#FF7F0F;--eu-parliament-sd:#C70000;--eu-parliament-theleft:#8B0000;--eu-parliament-unknown:#848484;--expandable-atom-background:#EDEDED;--expandable-atom-border:#DCDCDC;--expandable-atom-button:#000000;--expandable-atom-button-fill:#FFFFFF;--expandable-atom-text-hover:#C70000;--explainer-atom-accent:#121212;--explainer-atom-background:#F6F6F6;--feature-card-background:#EDEDED;--feature-card-footer-text:#DCDCDC;--feature-card-headline:#F6F6F6;--feature-card-kicker-text:#FFBAC8;--feature-card-trail-text:#DCDCDC;--filter-key-events-toggle-border-top:#DCDCDC;--follow-icon-background:#FFFFFF;--follow-icon-fill:#C70000;--follow-text:#121212;--football-competition-select-text:#121212;--football-match-hover:#EDEDED;--football-match-list-background:#F6F6F6;--football-match-list-border:#EDEDED;--football-match-list-competition-text:#005689;--football-match-list-error:#C70000;--football-match-list-live-status:#00B2FF;--football-match-list-sub-text:#707070;--football-match-list-top-border:#00B2FF;--front-container-background:#FFFFFF;--front-page-background:#FFFFFF;--heading-line:#8B0000;--headline-background:transparent;--headline-blog-background:transparent;--headline-border:#DCDCDC;--headline-byline:inherit;--headline-colour:#121212;--headline-match-colour:#C70000;--highlights-card-headline:#121212;--highlights-card-kicker-text:#C70000;--highlights-container-background:#F6F6F6;--highlights-container-border:#999999;--highlights-container-end-fade:transparent;--highlights-container-mid-fade:rgba(250, 250, 250, 0.6);--highlights-container-start-fade:#F6F6F6;--image-title-background:#C70000;--interactive-atom-background:transparent;--interactive-block-background:#FFFFFF;--interactive-block-background-datawrapper:#FFFFFF;--interactive-contents-hover:#EDEDED;--key-event-background:#F6F6F6;--key-event-background-desktop:#EDEDED;--key-event-border:#707070;--key-event-bullet:#707070;--key-event-bullet-hover:#000000;--key-event-button:#121212;--key-event-button-fill:#FFFFFF;--key-event-button-hover:#FFD900;--key-event-text:#AB0613;--key-event-title:#121212;--kicker-background-live:#C70000;--kicker-pulsing-dot-live:rgba(246, 246, 246, 0.75);--kicker-text-live:#F6F6F6;--last-updated-text:#000000;--latest-links-dotted-line:#999999;--lightbox-divider:#C70000;--link-kicker-text:#C70000;--live-block-border-bottom:#DCDCDC;--live-block-border-top:#C70000;--live-block-container-background:#FFFFFF;--masthead-nav-background:#052962;--masthead-nav-border:#506991;--masthead-nav-lines:#506991;--masthead-nav-link-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-nav-link-text-hover:#FFE500;--masthead-top-bar-background:#041F4A;--masthead-top-bar-link-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-top-bar-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-top-bar-vertical-divider:#506991;--masthead-veggie-burger-background:#FFE500;--masthead-veggie-burger-background-hover:#FFD900;--masthead-veggie-burger-icon:#052962;--match-nav-background:#FFE500;--match-nav-text:#121212;--match-stats-background:#d9edf6;--match-tab-border:#DCDCDC;--match-tab-border-active:#005689;--most-viewed-description:#707070;--most-viewed-footer-hover:#F6F6F6;--most-viewed-headline:#121212;--most-viewed-tab-border:#AB0613;--multi-byline-non-linked-text:#707070;--nav-reader-revenue-link-text:#FFE500;--nav-search-bar-background:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);--nav-search-bar-icon:#FFFFFF;--nav-search-bar-text:#FFFFFF;--numbered-list-heading:#121212;--numbered-list-links:#C70000;--numbered-list-number:#707070;--numbered-list-title:#C70000;--pagination-text:#C70000;--pill-background:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.7);--pill-bullet:#FF5943;--pill-divider:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);--pill-text:#FFFFFF;--pinned-post-background:#FFFFFF;--pinned-post-border:#AB0613;--podcast-meta-button-background:#333333;--podcast-meta-button-background-hover:#1A1A1A;--podcast-meta-button-text:#DCDCDC;--podcast-meta-title:#F6F6F6;--privacy-text-regular:#121212;--privacy-text-supporting:#000000;--privacy-text-supporting-subdued:#707070;--pullquote-background:#FFFFFF;--pullquote-border:#DCDCDC;--pullquote-icon:#999999;--pullquote-text:#121212;--quiz-atom-answers-background:#F6F6F6;--quiz-atom-answers-hover:#DCDCDC;--quiz-atom-button-background:#052962;--quiz-atom-button-background-hover:#234B8A;--quiz-atom-button-text:#FFFFFF;--quiz-atom-check-mark:#000000;--quiz-atom-incorrect-answer-background:#C70000;--quiz-atom-results-background:#EDEDED;--quiz-atom-results-border:#EDEDED;--quiz-atom-results-number:#052962;--quiz-atom-results-text:#121212;--quote-icon-fill:#C70000;--recaptcha-border:#121212;--recaptcha-button:#000000;--recaptcha-button-hover:#333333;--recaptcha-button-text:#FFFFFF;--recommendation-count:#F6F6F6;--recommendation-count-arrow:#707070;--recommendation-count-arrow-selected:#FFFFFF;--recommendation-count-selected:#052962;--rich-link-background:#F6F6F6;--rich-link-background-hover:#EDEDED;--rich-link-border:#C70000;--rich-link-branding-text:#707070;--rich-link-fill:#C70000;--rich-link-header:#000000;--rich-link-text:#C70000;--section-background:transparent;--section-background-left:transparent;--section-border:#DCDCDC;--section-border-primary:#333333;--section-border-secondary:#BABABA;--section-date:#C70000;--section-description:#707070;--section-title-background:transparent;--section-toggle-button:#707070;--section-toggle-button-hover:#121212;--series-title-background:transparent;--series-title-match-text:#C70000;--series-title-text:#C70000;--share-button:#C70000;--share-button-border:#DCDCDC;--share-button-copied:#121212;--share-button-hover:#FFFFFF;--share-button-liveblog-mobile-meta:#8B0000;--share-button-xsmall-border:#DCDCDC;--sign-in-link:#AB0613;--sign-in-link-underline:#DCDCDC;--slideshow-caption:#FFFFFF;--slideshow-pagination-dot:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.2);--slideshow-pagination-dot-active:#121212;--speech-bubble-background:#C70000;--stacked-progress-background:#DCDCDC;--stacked-progress-to-win:#121212;--staff-contributor-badge:#052962;--staff-contributor-badge-text:#FFFFFF;--staff-pick-badge:#121212;--staff-pick-badge-text:#FFFFFF;--standfirst-background:transparent;--standfirst-border:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-bullet:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-link-border:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-link-text:#C70000;--standfirst-text:#000000;--star-rating-background:#FFE500;--star-rating-fill:#121212;--straight-lines:#DCDCDC;--stuck-background:#FFFFFF;--sub-meta-background:#FFFFFF;--sub-meta-label-text:#707070;--sub-meta-text:#C70000;--sub-meta-text-hover:#FFFFFF;--sub-nav-border:#C70000;--sub-nav-link-footer:#121212;--sub-nav-link-header:#121212;--sub-nav-link-hover:#C70000;--sub-nav-more:#999999;--subheading-text:#121212;--summary-event-bullet:#C70000;--summary-event-bullet-hover:#8B0000;--syndication-button-border:#DCDCDC;--syndication-button-hover:#DCDCDC;--syndication-button-text:#707070;--table-block-background:#F6F6F6;--table-block-border-top:#0077B6;--table-block-stripe:#EDEDED;--table-block-text:#121212;--table-block-text-first-column:#707070;--table-of-contents:#121212;--table-of-contents-border:#DCDCDC;--tabs-input:#FFFFFF;--tag-page-chevron:#000000;--textblock-bullet-background:#C70000;--textblock-text:inherit;--timeline-atom-bullet:#121212;--timeline-atom-highlight-text:#000000;--timeline-atom-highlight-text-background:#FFE500;--timeline-bullet:#8B0000;--timeline-event-border:#DCDCDC;--treat-background:#000000;--treat-text:#F6F6F6;--trending-topics-background:#FFFFFF;--trending-topics-separator:#DCDCDC;--trending-topics-text:#333333;--uk-elections-conservative:#0077B6;--uk-elections-labour:#C70000;--uk-elections-lib-dem:#E05E00;--uk-elections-reform:#3DBBE2;--uk-elections-snp:#F5DC00;--us-elections-democrats:#093CA3;--us-elections-republicans:#C70000;--witness-title-author:#C70000;--witness-title-icon:#C70000;--witness-title-text:#C70000;--youtube-overlay-kicker:#FF5943;}.dcr-1gxky2t{display:contents;--expandingWrapper--background:#F6F6F6;--expandingWrapper--border:#121212;--expandingWrapper--collapseBackground:#FFFFFF;--expandingWrapper--collapseBackgroundHover:#E5E5E5;--expandingWrapper--collapseText:#121212;--expandingWrapper--collapseTextHover:#121212;--expandingWrapper--text:#121212;--expandingWrapper--horizontalRules:#DCDCDC;--expandingWrapper--expandBackground:#121212;--expandingWrapper--expandBackgroundHover:#454545;--expandingWrapper--expandText:#FFFFFF;--tabs--background:#F6F6F6;--tabs--text:#121212;--tabs--border:#999999;--tabs--inactiveBackground:#DCDCDC;--accordion-background:#F6F6F6;--accordion-title:#121212;--accordion-title-row-background:#FFFFFF;--accordion-title-row-border-top:#DCDCDC;--accordion-title-row-fill:#707070;--ad-background:#F6F6F6;--ad-background-article-inner:#F6F6F6;--ad-border:#DCDCDC;--ad-border-article-inner:#DCDCDC;--ad-labels-text:#707070;--ad-labels-text-article-inner:#707070;--affiliate-disclaimer-background:#F6F6F6;--affiliate-disclaimer-background-hover:#EDEDED;--age-warning-background:#FFE500;--age-warning-text:#121212;--age-warning-wrapper-background:transparent;--apps-epic-background:#F6F6F6;--apps-epic-border:#FFE500;--apps-epic-text:#121212;--apps-footer-background:#F6F6F6;--apps-footer-links-text:#121212;--apps-footer-links-text-hover:#1A1A1A;--article-background:#FFFFFF;--article-border:#DCDCDC;--article-inner-background:transparent;--article-link-border:#DCDCDC;--article-link-border-hover:#C70000;--article-link-text:#C70000;--article-link-text-hover:#C70000;--article-meta-lines:#DCDCDC;--article-section-background:#FFFFFF;--article-section-secondary-title:#333333;--article-section-title:#000000;--article-text:#121212;--audio-atom-background:#F6F6F6;--audio-atom-border:#DCDCDC;--audio-atom-icons:#C70000;--audio-atom-kicker:#C70000;--audio-atom-progress-bar:#999999;--avatar-background:#EDEDED;--bio-link-underline:#DCDCDC;--bio-text-subdued:#707070;--block-quote-fill:#8B0000;--block-quote-link:#C70000;--block-quote-text:#121212;--branding-border:#DCDCDC;--branding-label-text:#333333;--branding-link-text:#C70000;--bullet-fill:#707070;--button-background-primary:#052962;--button-background-primary-hover:#234B8A;--button-text-primary:#FFFFFF;--byline:#C70000;--byline-anchor:#C70000;--byline-background:#FFE500;--byline-hover:#AB0613;--byline-underline:inherit;--callout-highlight-background:#FFE500;--callout-highlight-text:#121212;--callout-prompt:#0077B6;--callout-submit-background:#052962;--callout-submit-background-hover:#234B8A;--callout-submit-text:#FFFFFF;--caption-link:#C70000;--caption-overlay-text:#FFFFFF;--caption-photo-essay-main-media-text:#707070;--caption-text:#707070;--card-background:transparent;--card-background-hover:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.1);--card-border-supporting:#DCDCDC;--card-border-top:#BABABA;--card-footer-text:#707070;--card-headline:#121212;--card-kicker-text:#C70000;--card-media-background:#F6F6F6;--card-media-icon:#F6F6F6;--card-media-waveform:#DCDCDC;--card-sublinks-background:#F6F6F6;--card-trail-text:#545454;--carousel-active-dot:#C70000;--carousel-active-dot-hover:#C70000;--carousel-arrow:#FFFFFF;--carousel-arrow-background:#000000;--carousel-arrow-background-disabled:#707070;--carousel-arrow-background-hover:#FFE500;--carousel-border:#DCDCDC;--carousel-chevron:#121212;--carousel-chevron-border:#BABABA;--carousel-chevron-border-disabled:rgba(186, 186, 186, 0.32);--carousel-chevron-disabled:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.32);--carousel-chevron-hover:rgba(186, 186, 186, 0.2);--carousel-dot:#EDEDED;--carousel-dot-hover:#DCDCDC;--carousel-text:#121212;--carousel-title-highlight:#C70000;--click-to-view-background:#F6F6F6;--click-to-view-border:#DCDCDC;--click-to-view-button:#052962;--click-to-view-button-hover:#234B8A;--click-to-view-button-text:#FFFFFF;--code-block-background:#f5f2f0;--code-block-text-shadow:#FFFFFF;--comment-count-fill:#C70000;--comment-count-mobile-fill:#C70000;--comment-form-header-background:#F6F6F6;--comment-form-input-background:#FFFFFF;--cricket-scoreboard-border-top:#005689;--cricket-scoreboard-divider:#DCDCDC;--cricket-scoreboard-link-text:#005689;--crossword-clues-header-border-bottom:#DCDCDC;--crossword-clues-header-border-top:#BB3B80;--dateline:#999999;--dateline-mobile:#707070;--design-tag-background:#AB0613;--design-tag-text:#FFFFFF;--discussion-accent-text:#C70000;--discussion-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-border:#DCDCDC;--discussion-button-background-hover:#C70000;--discussion-button-text:#FFFFFF;--discussion-comment-underline:#DCDCDC;--discussion-link:#0077B6;--discussion-loading-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-loading-shimmer:#DCDCDC;--discussion-pagination-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-pagination-border:#DCDCDC;--discussion-pagination-border-hover:#999999;--discussion-pagination-text:#707070;--discussion-pick-label-text:#121212;--discussion-pre-mod:#0077B6;--discussion-preview-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-primary-button-background:#AB0613;--discussion-report-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-report-border:#545454;--discussion-report-button:#052962;--discussion-report-error-text:#C70000;--discussion-report-label-text:#121212;--discussion-report-success-text:#22874D;--discussion-section-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-selected-background:#F6F6F6;--discussion-staff-label-text:#052962;--discussion-subdued:#707070;--discussion-text:#121212;--discussion-top-pick-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-top-pick-link:#0077B6;--drop-cap:#8B0000;--editorial-button-background:#AB0613;--editorial-button-background-hover:#C70000;--editorial-button-border-hover:#C70000;--editorial-button-text:#C70000;--email-signup-button-background:#000000;--email-signup-button-hover:#333333;--email-signup-button-text:#FFFFFF;--end-note-text-subdued:#707070;--eu-parliament-ecr:#0077B6;--eu-parliament-epp:#3DBBE2;--eu-parliament-greensefa:#39A566;--eu-parliament-ni:#333333;--eu-parliament-renew:#FF7F0F;--eu-parliament-sd:#C70000;--eu-parliament-theleft:#8B0000;--eu-parliament-unknown:#848484;--expandable-atom-background:#EDEDED;--expandable-atom-border:#DCDCDC;--expandable-atom-button:#000000;--expandable-atom-button-fill:#FFFFFF;--expandable-atom-text-hover:#C70000;--explainer-atom-accent:#121212;--explainer-atom-background:#F6F6F6;--feature-card-background:#EDEDED;--feature-card-footer-text:#DCDCDC;--feature-card-headline:#F6F6F6;--feature-card-kicker-text:#FFBAC8;--feature-card-trail-text:#DCDCDC;--filter-key-events-toggle-border-top:#DCDCDC;--follow-icon-background:#FFFFFF;--follow-icon-fill:#C70000;--follow-text:#121212;--football-competition-select-text:#121212;--football-match-hover:#EDEDED;--football-match-list-background:#F6F6F6;--football-match-list-border:#EDEDED;--football-match-list-competition-text:#005689;--football-match-list-error:#C70000;--football-match-list-live-status:#00B2FF;--football-match-list-sub-text:#707070;--football-match-list-top-border:#00B2FF;--front-container-background:#FFFFFF;--front-page-background:#FFFFFF;--heading-line:#8B0000;--headline-background:transparent;--headline-blog-background:#FFFFFF;--headline-border:#DCDCDC;--headline-byline:inherit;--headline-colour:#8B0000;--headline-match-colour:#C70000;--highlights-card-headline:#121212;--highlights-card-kicker-text:#C70000;--highlights-container-background:#F6F6F6;--highlights-container-border:#999999;--highlights-container-end-fade:transparent;--highlights-container-mid-fade:rgba(250, 250, 250, 0.6);--highlights-container-start-fade:#F6F6F6;--image-title-background:#C70000;--interactive-atom-background:transparent;--interactive-block-background:#FFFFFF;--interactive-block-background-datawrapper:#FFFFFF;--interactive-contents-hover:#EDEDED;--key-event-background:#F6F6F6;--key-event-background-desktop:#EDEDED;--key-event-border:#707070;--key-event-bullet:#707070;--key-event-bullet-hover:#000000;--key-event-button:#121212;--key-event-button-fill:#FFFFFF;--key-event-button-hover:#FFD900;--key-event-text:#AB0613;--key-event-title:#121212;--kicker-background-live:#C70000;--kicker-pulsing-dot-live:rgba(246, 246, 246, 0.75);--kicker-text-live:#F6F6F6;--last-updated-text:#000000;--latest-links-dotted-line:#999999;--lightbox-divider:#C70000;--link-kicker-text:#C70000;--live-block-border-bottom:#DCDCDC;--live-block-border-top:#C70000;--live-block-container-background:#FFFFFF;--masthead-nav-background:#052962;--masthead-nav-border:#506991;--masthead-nav-lines:#506991;--masthead-nav-link-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-nav-link-text-hover:#FFE500;--masthead-top-bar-background:#041F4A;--masthead-top-bar-link-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-top-bar-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-top-bar-vertical-divider:#506991;--masthead-veggie-burger-background:#FFE500;--masthead-veggie-burger-background-hover:#FFD900;--masthead-veggie-burger-icon:#052962;--match-nav-background:#FFE500;--match-nav-text:#121212;--match-stats-background:#d9edf6;--match-tab-border:#DCDCDC;--match-tab-border-active:#005689;--most-viewed-description:#707070;--most-viewed-footer-hover:#F6F6F6;--most-viewed-headline:#121212;--most-viewed-tab-border:#AB0613;--multi-byline-non-linked-text:#707070;--nav-reader-revenue-link-text:#FFE500;--nav-search-bar-background:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);--nav-search-bar-icon:#FFFFFF;--nav-search-bar-text:#FFFFFF;--numbered-list-heading:#121212;--numbered-list-links:#C70000;--numbered-list-number:#707070;--numbered-list-title:#C70000;--pagination-text:#C70000;--pill-background:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.7);--pill-bullet:#FF5943;--pill-divider:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);--pill-text:#FFFFFF;--pinned-post-background:#FFFFFF;--pinned-post-border:#AB0613;--podcast-meta-button-background:#333333;--podcast-meta-button-background-hover:#1A1A1A;--podcast-meta-button-text:#DCDCDC;--podcast-meta-title:#F6F6F6;--privacy-text-regular:#121212;--privacy-text-supporting:#000000;--privacy-text-supporting-subdued:#707070;--pullquote-background:#FFFFFF;--pullquote-border:#DCDCDC;--pullquote-icon:#8B0000;--pullquote-text:#8B0000;--quiz-atom-answers-background:#F6F6F6;--quiz-atom-answers-hover:#DCDCDC;--quiz-atom-button-background:#052962;--quiz-atom-button-background-hover:#234B8A;--quiz-atom-button-text:#FFFFFF;--quiz-atom-check-mark:#000000;--quiz-atom-incorrect-answer-background:#C70000;--quiz-atom-results-background:#EDEDED;--quiz-atom-results-border:#EDEDED;--quiz-atom-results-number:#052962;--quiz-atom-results-text:#121212;--quote-icon-fill:#C70000;--recaptcha-border:#121212;--recaptcha-button:#000000;--recaptcha-button-hover:#333333;--recaptcha-button-text:#FFFFFF;--recommendation-count:#F6F6F6;--recommendation-count-arrow:#707070;--recommendation-count-arrow-selected:#FFFFFF;--recommendation-count-selected:#052962;--rich-link-background:#F6F6F6;--rich-link-background-hover:#EDEDED;--rich-link-border:#C70000;--rich-link-branding-text:#707070;--rich-link-fill:#C70000;--rich-link-header:#000000;--rich-link-text:#C70000;--section-background:transparent;--section-background-left:transparent;--section-border:#DCDCDC;--section-border-primary:#333333;--section-border-secondary:#BABABA;--section-date:#C70000;--section-description:#707070;--section-title-background:transparent;--section-toggle-button:#707070;--section-toggle-button-hover:#121212;--series-title-background:transparent;--series-title-match-text:#C70000;--series-title-text:#C70000;--share-button:#C70000;--share-button-border:#DCDCDC;--share-button-copied:#121212;--share-button-hover:#FFFFFF;--share-button-liveblog-mobile-meta:#8B0000;--share-button-xsmall-border:#DCDCDC;--sign-in-link:#AB0613;--sign-in-link-underline:#DCDCDC;--slideshow-caption:#FFFFFF;--slideshow-pagination-dot:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.2);--slideshow-pagination-dot-active:#121212;--speech-bubble-background:#C70000;--stacked-progress-background:#DCDCDC;--stacked-progress-to-win:#121212;--staff-contributor-badge:#052962;--staff-contributor-badge-text:#FFFFFF;--staff-pick-badge:#121212;--staff-pick-badge-text:#FFFFFF;--standfirst-background:#FFFFFF;--standfirst-border:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-bullet:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-link-border:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-link-text:#C70000;--standfirst-text:#000000;--star-rating-background:#FFE500;--star-rating-fill:#121212;--straight-lines:#DCDCDC;--stuck-background:#FFFFFF;--sub-meta-background:#FFFFFF;--sub-meta-label-text:#707070;--sub-meta-text:#C70000;--sub-meta-text-hover:#FFFFFF;--sub-nav-border:#C70000;--sub-nav-link-footer:#121212;--sub-nav-link-header:#121212;--sub-nav-link-hover:#C70000;--sub-nav-more:#999999;--subheading-text:#8B0000;--summary-event-bullet:#C70000;--summary-event-bullet-hover:#8B0000;--syndication-button-border:#DCDCDC;--syndication-button-hover:#DCDCDC;--syndication-button-text:#707070;--table-block-background:#F6F6F6;--table-block-border-top:#0077B6;--table-block-stripe:#EDEDED;--table-block-text:#121212;--table-block-text-first-column:#707070;--table-of-contents:#121212;--table-of-contents-border:#DCDCDC;--tabs-input:#FFFFFF;--tag-page-chevron:#000000;--textblock-bullet-background:#C70000;--textblock-text:inherit;--timeline-atom-bullet:#121212;--timeline-atom-highlight-text:#000000;--timeline-atom-highlight-text-background:#FFE500;--timeline-bullet:#8B0000;--timeline-event-border:#DCDCDC;--treat-background:#000000;--treat-text:#F6F6F6;--trending-topics-background:#FFFFFF;--trending-topics-separator:#DCDCDC;--trending-topics-text:#333333;--uk-elections-conservative:#0077B6;--uk-elections-labour:#C70000;--uk-elections-lib-dem:#E05E00;--uk-elections-reform:#3DBBE2;--uk-elections-snp:#F5DC00;--us-elections-democrats:#093CA3;--us-elections-republicans:#C70000;--witness-title-author:#C70000;--witness-title-icon:#C70000;--witness-title-text:#C70000;--youtube-overlay-kicker:#FF5943;}.dcr-4pzt3u{display:contents;--expandingWrapper--background:#F6F6F6;--expandingWrapper--border:#121212;--expandingWrapper--collapseBackground:#FFFFFF;--expandingWrapper--collapseBackgroundHover:#E5E5E5;--expandingWrapper--collapseText:#121212;--expandingWrapper--collapseTextHover:#121212;--expandingWrapper--text:#121212;--expandingWrapper--horizontalRules:#DCDCDC;--expandingWrapper--expandBackground:#121212;--expandingWrapper--expandBackgroundHover:#454545;--expandingWrapper--expandText:#FFFFFF;--tabs--background:#F6F6F6;--tabs--text:#121212;--tabs--border:#999999;--tabs--inactiveBackground:#DCDCDC;--accordion-background:#F6F6F6;--accordion-title:#121212;--accordion-title-row-background:#FFFFFF;--accordion-title-row-border-top:#DCDCDC;--accordion-title-row-fill:#707070;--ad-background:#F6F6F6;--ad-background-article-inner:#F6F6F6;--ad-border:#DCDCDC;--ad-border-article-inner:#DCDCDC;--ad-labels-text:#707070;--ad-labels-text-article-inner:#707070;--affiliate-disclaimer-background:#F6F6F6;--affiliate-disclaimer-background-hover:#EDEDED;--age-warning-background:#FFE500;--age-warning-text:#121212;--age-warning-wrapper-background:transparent;--apps-epic-background:#F6F6F6;--apps-epic-border:#FFE500;--apps-epic-text:#121212;--apps-footer-background:#F6F6F6;--apps-footer-links-text:#121212;--apps-footer-links-text-hover:#1A1A1A;--article-background:#FFFFFF;--article-border:#DCDCDC;--article-inner-background:transparent;--article-link-border:#DCDCDC;--article-link-border-hover:#866D50;--article-link-text:#866D50;--article-link-text-hover:#6B5840;--article-meta-lines:#DCDCDC;--article-section-background:#FFFFFF;--article-section-secondary-title:#333333;--article-section-title:#000000;--article-text:#121212;--audio-atom-background:#F6F6F6;--audio-atom-border:#DCDCDC;--audio-atom-icons:#866D50;--audio-atom-kicker:#866D50;--audio-atom-progress-bar:#999999;--avatar-background:#EDEDED;--bio-link-underline:#DCDCDC;--bio-text-subdued:#707070;--block-quote-fill:#574835;--block-quote-link:#866D50;--block-quote-text:#121212;--branding-border:#DCDCDC;--branding-label-text:#333333;--branding-link-text:#866D50;--bullet-fill:#574835;--button-background-primary:#052962;--button-background-primary-hover:#234B8A;--button-text-primary:#FFFFFF;--byline:#866D50;--byline-anchor:#866D50;--byline-background:#FFE500;--byline-hover:#6B5840;--byline-underline:inherit;--callout-highlight-background:#FFE500;--callout-highlight-text:#121212;--callout-prompt:#0077B6;--callout-submit-background:#052962;--callout-submit-background-hover:#234B8A;--callout-submit-text:#FFFFFF;--caption-link:#866D50;--caption-overlay-text:#FFFFFF;--caption-photo-essay-main-media-text:#707070;--caption-text:#707070;--card-background:transparent;--card-background-hover:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.1);--card-border-supporting:#DCDCDC;--card-border-top:#BABABA;--card-footer-text:#707070;--card-headline:#121212;--card-kicker-text:#866D50;--card-media-background:#F6F6F6;--card-media-icon:#F6F6F6;--card-media-waveform:#DCDCDC;--card-sublinks-background:#F6F6F6;--card-trail-text:#545454;--carousel-active-dot:#866D50;--carousel-active-dot-hover:#866D50;--carousel-arrow:#FFFFFF;--carousel-arrow-background:#000000;--carousel-arrow-background-disabled:#707070;--carousel-arrow-background-hover:#FFE500;--carousel-border:#DCDCDC;--carousel-chevron:#121212;--carousel-chevron-border:#BABABA;--carousel-chevron-border-disabled:rgba(186, 186, 186, 0.32);--carousel-chevron-disabled:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.32);--carousel-chevron-hover:rgba(186, 186, 186, 0.2);--carousel-dot:#EDEDED;--carousel-dot-hover:#DCDCDC;--carousel-text:#121212;--carousel-title-highlight:#866D50;--click-to-view-background:#F6F6F6;--click-to-view-border:#DCDCDC;--click-to-view-button:#052962;--click-to-view-button-hover:#234B8A;--click-to-view-button-text:#FFFFFF;--code-block-background:#f5f2f0;--code-block-text-shadow:#FFFFFF;--comment-count-fill:#866D50;--comment-count-mobile-fill:#866D50;--comment-form-header-background:#F6F6F6;--comment-form-input-background:#FFFFFF;--cricket-scoreboard-border-top:#005689;--cricket-scoreboard-divider:#DCDCDC;--cricket-scoreboard-link-text:#005689;--crossword-clues-header-border-bottom:#DCDCDC;--crossword-clues-header-border-top:#BB3B80;--dateline:#999999;--dateline-mobile:#707070;--design-tag-background:#6B5840;--design-tag-text:#FFFFFF;--discussion-accent-text:#866D50;--discussion-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-border:#DCDCDC;--discussion-button-background-hover:#866D50;--discussion-button-text:#FFFFFF;--discussion-comment-underline:#DCDCDC;--discussion-link:#0077B6;--discussion-loading-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-loading-shimmer:#DCDCDC;--discussion-pagination-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-pagination-border:#DCDCDC;--discussion-pagination-border-hover:#999999;--discussion-pagination-text:#707070;--discussion-pick-label-text:#121212;--discussion-pre-mod:#0077B6;--discussion-preview-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-primary-button-background:#6B5840;--discussion-report-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-report-border:#545454;--discussion-report-button:#052962;--discussion-report-error-text:#C70000;--discussion-report-label-text:#121212;--discussion-report-success-text:#22874D;--discussion-section-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-selected-background:#F6F6F6;--discussion-staff-label-text:#052962;--discussion-subdued:#707070;--discussion-text:#121212;--discussion-top-pick-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-top-pick-link:#0077B6;--drop-cap:#574835;--editorial-button-background:#6B5840;--editorial-button-background-hover:#866D50;--editorial-button-border-hover:#866D50;--editorial-button-text:#866D50;--email-signup-button-background:#000000;--email-signup-button-hover:#333333;--email-signup-button-text:#FFFFFF;--end-note-text-subdued:#707070;--eu-parliament-ecr:#0077B6;--eu-parliament-epp:#3DBBE2;--eu-parliament-greensefa:#39A566;--eu-parliament-ni:#333333;--eu-parliament-renew:#FF7F0F;--eu-parliament-sd:#C70000;--eu-parliament-theleft:#8B0000;--eu-parliament-unknown:#848484;--expandable-atom-background:#EDEDED;--expandable-atom-border:#DCDCDC;--expandable-atom-button:#000000;--expandable-atom-button-fill:#FFFFFF;--expandable-atom-text-hover:#866D50;--explainer-atom-accent:#121212;--explainer-atom-background:#F6F6F6;--feature-card-background:#EDEDED;--feature-card-footer-text:#DCDCDC;--feature-card-headline:#F6F6F6;--feature-card-kicker-text:#E7D4B9;--feature-card-trail-text:#DCDCDC;--filter-key-events-toggle-border-top:#DCDCDC;--follow-icon-background:#FFFFFF;--follow-icon-fill:#866D50;--follow-text:#121212;--football-competition-select-text:#121212;--football-match-hover:#EDEDED;--football-match-list-background:#F6F6F6;--football-match-list-border:#EDEDED;--football-match-list-competition-text:#005689;--football-match-list-error:#C70000;--football-match-list-live-status:#00B2FF;--football-match-list-sub-text:#707070;--football-match-list-top-border:#00B2FF;--front-container-background:#FFFFFF;--front-page-background:#FFFFFF;--heading-line:#574835;--headline-background:transparent;--headline-blog-background:#FFFFFF;--headline-border:#DCDCDC;--headline-byline:inherit;--headline-colour:#574835;--headline-match-colour:#866D50;--highlights-card-headline:#121212;--highlights-card-kicker-text:#866D50;--highlights-container-background:#F6F6F6;--highlights-container-border:#999999;--highlights-container-end-fade:transparent;--highlights-container-mid-fade:rgba(250, 250, 250, 0.6);--highlights-container-start-fade:#F6F6F6;--image-title-background:#866D50;--interactive-atom-background:transparent;--interactive-block-background:#FFFFFF;--interactive-block-background-datawrapper:#FFFFFF;--interactive-contents-hover:#EDEDED;--key-event-background:#F6F6F6;--key-event-background-desktop:#EDEDED;--key-event-border:#707070;--key-event-bullet:#707070;--key-event-bullet-hover:#000000;--key-event-button:#121212;--key-event-button-fill:#FFFFFF;--key-event-button-hover:#FFD900;--key-event-text:#6B5840;--key-event-title:#121212;--kicker-background-live:#866D50;--kicker-pulsing-dot-live:rgba(246, 246, 246, 0.75);--kicker-text-live:#F6F6F6;--last-updated-text:#000000;--latest-links-dotted-line:#999999;--lightbox-divider:#866D50;--link-kicker-text:#866D50;--live-block-border-bottom:#DCDCDC;--live-block-border-top:#866D50;--live-block-container-background:#FFFFFF;--masthead-nav-background:#052962;--masthead-nav-border:#506991;--masthead-nav-lines:#506991;--masthead-nav-link-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-nav-link-text-hover:#FFE500;--masthead-top-bar-background:#041F4A;--masthead-top-bar-link-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-top-bar-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-top-bar-vertical-divider:#506991;--masthead-veggie-burger-background:#FFE500;--masthead-veggie-burger-background-hover:#FFD900;--masthead-veggie-burger-icon:#052962;--match-nav-background:#FFE500;--match-nav-text:#121212;--match-stats-background:#d9edf6;--match-tab-border:#DCDCDC;--match-tab-border-active:#005689;--most-viewed-description:#707070;--most-viewed-footer-hover:#F6F6F6;--most-viewed-headline:#121212;--most-viewed-tab-border:#6B5840;--multi-byline-non-linked-text:#707070;--nav-reader-revenue-link-text:#FFE500;--nav-search-bar-background:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);--nav-search-bar-icon:#FFFFFF;--nav-search-bar-text:#FFFFFF;--numbered-list-heading:#121212;--numbered-list-links:#866D50;--numbered-list-number:#707070;--numbered-list-title:#866D50;--pagination-text:#6B5840;--pill-background:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.7);--pill-bullet:#FF5943;--pill-divider:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);--pill-text:#FFFFFF;--pinned-post-background:#FFFFFF;--pinned-post-border:#6B5840;--podcast-meta-button-background:#333333;--podcast-meta-button-background-hover:#1A1A1A;--podcast-meta-button-text:#DCDCDC;--podcast-meta-title:#F6F6F6;--privacy-text-regular:#121212;--privacy-text-supporting:#000000;--privacy-text-supporting-subdued:#707070;--pullquote-background:#FFFFFF;--pullquote-border:#DCDCDC;--pullquote-icon:#574835;--pullquote-text:#574835;--quiz-atom-answers-background:#F6F6F6;--quiz-atom-answers-hover:#DCDCDC;--quiz-atom-button-background:#052962;--quiz-atom-button-background-hover:#234B8A;--quiz-atom-button-text:#FFFFFF;--quiz-atom-check-mark:#000000;--quiz-atom-incorrect-answer-background:#C70000;--quiz-atom-results-background:#EDEDED;--quiz-atom-results-border:#EDEDED;--quiz-atom-results-number:#052962;--quiz-atom-results-text:#121212;--quote-icon-fill:#866D50;--recaptcha-border:#121212;--recaptcha-button:#000000;--recaptcha-button-hover:#333333;--recaptcha-button-text:#FFFFFF;--recommendation-count:#F6F6F6;--recommendation-count-arrow:#707070;--recommendation-count-arrow-selected:#FFFFFF;--recommendation-count-selected:#052962;--rich-link-background:#F6F6F6;--rich-link-background-hover:#EDEDED;--rich-link-border:#866D50;--rich-link-branding-text:#707070;--rich-link-fill:#866D50;--rich-link-header:#000000;--rich-link-text:#866D50;--section-background:transparent;--section-background-left:transparent;--section-border:#DCDCDC;--section-border-primary:#333333;--section-border-secondary:#BABABA;--section-date:#C70000;--section-description:#707070;--section-title-background:transparent;--section-toggle-button:#707070;--section-toggle-button-hover:#121212;--series-title-background:transparent;--series-title-match-text:#866D50;--series-title-text:#866D50;--share-button:#866D50;--share-button-border:#DCDCDC;--share-button-copied:#121212;--share-button-hover:#FFFFFF;--share-button-liveblog-mobile-meta:#574835;--share-button-xsmall-border:#DCDCDC;--sign-in-link:#6B5840;--sign-in-link-underline:#DCDCDC;--slideshow-caption:#FFFFFF;--slideshow-pagination-dot:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.2);--slideshow-pagination-dot-active:#121212;--speech-bubble-background:#866D50;--stacked-progress-background:#DCDCDC;--stacked-progress-to-win:#121212;--staff-contributor-badge:#052962;--staff-contributor-badge-text:#FFFFFF;--staff-pick-badge:#121212;--staff-pick-badge-text:#FFFFFF;--standfirst-background:#FFFFFF;--standfirst-border:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-bullet:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-link-border:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-link-text:#6B5840;--standfirst-text:#000000;--star-rating-background:#FFE500;--star-rating-fill:#121212;--straight-lines:#DCDCDC;--stuck-background:#FFFFFF;--sub-meta-background:#FFFFFF;--sub-meta-label-text:#707070;--sub-meta-text:#866D50;--sub-meta-text-hover:#FFFFFF;--sub-nav-border:#866D50;--sub-nav-link-footer:#121212;--sub-nav-link-header:#121212;--sub-nav-link-hover:#6B5840;--sub-nav-more:#999999;--subheading-text:#574835;--summary-event-bullet:#866D50;--summary-event-bullet-hover:#574835;--syndication-button-border:#DCDCDC;--syndication-button-hover:#DCDCDC;--syndication-button-text:#707070;--table-block-background:#F6F6F6;--table-block-border-top:#0077B6;--table-block-stripe:#EDEDED;--table-block-text:#121212;--table-block-text-first-column:#707070;--table-of-contents:#121212;--table-of-contents-border:#DCDCDC;--tabs-input:#FFFFFF;--tag-page-chevron:#000000;--textblock-bullet-background:#866D50;--textblock-text:inherit;--timeline-atom-bullet:#121212;--timeline-atom-highlight-text:#000000;--timeline-atom-highlight-text-background:#FFE500;--timeline-bullet:#574835;--timeline-event-border:#DCDCDC;--treat-background:#000000;--treat-text:#F6F6F6;--trending-topics-background:#FFFFFF;--trending-topics-separator:#DCDCDC;--trending-topics-text:#333333;--uk-elections-conservative:#0077B6;--uk-elections-labour:#C70000;--uk-elections-lib-dem:#E05E00;--uk-elections-reform:#3DBBE2;--uk-elections-snp:#F5DC00;--us-elections-democrats:#093CA3;--us-elections-republicans:#C70000;--witness-title-author:#866D50;--witness-title-icon:#866D50;--witness-title-text:#866D50;--youtube-overlay-kicker:#EACCA0;}.dcr-vlbnmp{margin-top:24px;padding-top:24px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;border-top:1.5px solid #DCDCDC;}.dcr-pauz6u{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}.dcr-stdtpu{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:2px;}.dcr-1qwl035{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;min-width:25px;height:25px;padding:3px 4px;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#707070;border-radius:12.5px;border:1px solid transparent;color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#707070;}.dcr-1qwl035:hover{border:1px solid #DCDCDC;}.dcr-1qwl035:hover{border:1px solid transparent;}.dcr-1nzqxjn{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;min-width:25px;height:25px;padding:3px 4px;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#707070;border-radius:12.5px;border:1px solid transparent;}.dcr-1nzqxjn:hover{border:1px solid #DCDCDC;}.dcr-120b5yi{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#707070;text-align:center;}.dcr-jh1m5g{width:25px;height:25px;border:1px solid #DCDCDC;border-radius:20px;padding:2px;}.dcr-jh1m5g svg{fill:var(--tag-page-chevron);}.dcr-wqti5a{position:relative;margin:auto;padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-wqti5a{max-width:740px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-wqti5a{max-width:980px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-wqti5a{max-width:1140px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-wqti5a{max-width:1300px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-wqti5a{border-left:1px solid;border-right:1px solid;border-color:var(--article-border);}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-wqti5a{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}.dcr-1hy529c{padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:20px;}.dcr-kammsl{display:block;}.dcr-1e4647x{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:var(--trending-topics-text);}.dcr-19e9gh9{list-style:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1.5rem 0.25rem;background-image:repeating-linear-gradient( to bottom, var(--trending-topics-background) 0px, var(--trending-topics-background) 36px, transparent 36px, transparent 37px, var(--trending-topics-background) 37px, var(--trending-topics-background) 48px ),repeating-linear-gradient( to right, var(--trending-topics-separator) 0px, var(--trending-topics-separator) 3px, transparent 3px, transparent 5px );-webkit-background-position:top;background-position:top;background-repeat:no-repeat;margin-top:8px;}.dcr-19e9gh9 li::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}.dcr-n5hcqc{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;border:1px solid var(--trending-topics-text);border-radius:12px;padding:2px 9px;display:inline-block;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;line-height:1.4;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;top:0;color:var(--trending-topics-text);}.dcr-1ykr3rf{position:relative;margin:auto;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1ykr3rf{max-width:740px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1ykr3rf{max-width:980px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1ykr3rf{max-width:1140px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1ykr3rf{max-width:1300px;}}.dcr-17n294h{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;}.dcr-17n294h.ad-slot-container--centre-slot{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;margin:0 auto;}.dcr-ivr0sq{position:relative;min-height:274px;margin:12px auto;max-width:1300px;overflow:hidden;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-ivr0sq{margin:0;padding-bottom:20px;min-height:294px;}}@media (min-width: 660px) and (max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-ivr0sq:not(.ad-slot--fluid).ad-slot--rendered{display:none;}}.dcr-1q1v1nj{position:relative;margin:auto;border-top:1px solid;border-color:var(--article-border);}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1q1v1nj{max-width:740px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1q1v1nj{max-width:980px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1q1v1nj{max-width:1140px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1q1v1nj{max-width:1300px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1q1v1nj{border-left:1px solid;border-right:1px solid;border-color:var(--article-border);}}.dcr-a4rp9m{height:36px;overflow:hidden;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-a4rp9m{height:42px;}}.dcr-1gt8egs{list-style:none;padding:0 5px;}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1gt8egs{padding:0 15px;}}.dcr-1gt8egs li{float:left;display:block;}.dcr-lgyw9b{float:left;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;color:var(--sub-nav-link);padding:0 5px;height:36px;line-height:36px;}.dcr-lgyw9b:hover{color:var(--sub-nav-link-hover);}.dcr-lgyw9b:focus{line-height:26px;height:26px;margin-top:5px;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-lgyw9b:focus{height:32px;line-height:32px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-lgyw9b{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;font-size:16px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-lgyw9b{height:42px;line-height:42px;}}.dcr-1b5y2ep{font-weight:700;}.dcr-1hmrwdw{background-color:#052962;color:#FFFFFF;padding-bottom:6px;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}.dcr-1ris6nf{border-left:1px solid #506991;border-right:1px solid #506991;padding-top:8px;position:relative;padding-left:10px;}.dcr-1ris6nf:after{content:'';display:table;clear:both;}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1ris6nf{padding-left:20px;}}.dcr-1ris6nf >ul{clear:none;}.dcr-1ris6nf >ul:after{display:none;}.dcr-1xyi04h{display:grid;-webkit-column-gap:12px;column-gap:12px;grid-template-areas:'signup' 'links' 'acknowledgment';clear:both;width:100%;padding:0 10px;position:relative;border:1px solid #506991;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1xyi04h{grid-template-columns:min-content;grid-template-areas:'signup links' 'acknowledgment links';}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1xyi04h{padding:0 20px;}}.dcr-1wf840d{grid-area:signup;padding-top:8px;margin-bottom:12px;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1wf840d{width:247px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1wf840d{width:298px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1wf840d{width:458px;}}.dcr-u54heg{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;border:none;background:transparent;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:.3s ease-in-out;transition:.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:36px;min-height:36px;padding:0 16px;border-radius:36px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#052962;color:#FFFFFF;color:#052962;background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-top:12px;}.dcr-u54heg:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;}.dcr-u54heg:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .dcr-u54heg:focus{outline:5px solid #0077B6;outline-offset:3px;}.dcr-u54heg:hover{background-color:#234B8A;}.dcr-u54heg svg{-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;display:block;fill:currentColor;position:relative;width:26px;height:auto;}.dcr-u54heg .src-button-space{width:8px;}.dcr-u54heg svg{margin-right:-4px;}.dcr-u54heg:hover{background-color:#DCDCDC;}.dcr-1ms2xl4{grid-area:links;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-1ms2xl4{border-top:1px solid #506991;}}.dcr-1ms2xl4 ul{width:50%;border-left:1px solid #506991;padding:12px 0 0 10px;}.dcr-1ms2xl4 ul:nth-of-type(1){border-left:0 none;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1ms2xl4 ul{clear:left;}.dcr-1ms2xl4 ul:nth-of-type(odd){border-left:0;padding-left:0;}.dcr-1ms2xl4 ul:nth-of-type(3){padding-top:0;}.dcr-1ms2xl4 ul:nth-of-type(4){padding-top:0;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1ms2xl4 ul{margin:0 10px 36px 0;width:150px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1ms2xl4 ul:nth-of-type(1){border-left:1px solid #506991;}}.dcr-4coeh{color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding-bottom:12px;display:block;line-height:19px;}.dcr-4coeh:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;color:#FFE500;}.dcr-1v06yj3{border-left:1px solid #506991;-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;padding:12px 0 0 10px;margin:0 10px 36px 0;width:calc(50% - 10px);}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1v06yj3{width:50%;border-top:1px solid #506991;}}.dcr-1xnlu54{background-color:#052962;padding:0 5px;position:absolute;bottom:-21px;right:20px;}.dcr-1bljy3y{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;line-height:42px;}.dcr-1bljy3y:hover{color:#FFE500;}.dcr-1bljy3y:hover .icon-container{background-color:#FFE500;}.dcr-6ottnt{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;padding-right:5px;}.dcr-18yycfp{position:relative;float:right;border-radius:100%;background-color:#FFFFFF;cursor:pointer;height:42px;min-width:42px;}.dcr-13lm9u3:before{position:absolute;top:6px;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;margin:auto;border:2px solid #052962;border-bottom:0;border-right:0;content:'';height:12px;width:12px;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);}.dcr-1slcfay{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;padding:12px;padding-left:20px;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1slcfay{margin-top:11px;}}.dcr-1gsdol8{position:fixed!important;bottom:0;z-index:31!important;max-height:90vh;overflow:auto;width:100%!important;background:none!important;top:auto!important;}</style> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/css/print.css"> </head> <body class=""> <a href="#maincontent" data-link-name="skip : main content" class="dcr-1gpubb">Skip to main content</a><a href="#navigation" data-link-name="skip : navigation" class="dcr-1gpubb">Skip to navigation</a><gu-island name="AlreadyVisited" priority="feature" deferUntil="idle" props="{}"></gu-island><gu-island name="FocusStyles" priority="feature" deferUntil="idle" props="{}"></gu-island><gu-island name="Metrics" priority="critical" props="{"commercialMetricsEnabled":true,"tests":{}}"></gu-island><gu-island name="SetABTests" priority="critical" props="{"abTestSwitches":{"abPrebidKeywords":true,"abSignInGateMainVariant":true,"abAuxiaSignInGate":false,"abDeferPermutiveLoad":true,"abMovePermutiveSegmentation":false,"abTheTradeDesk":true,"abSignInGateMainControl":true,"abOptOutFrequencyCap":true,"absoluteServerTimes":false,"abAdBlockAsk":false},"pageIsSensitive":false,"isDev":false,"serverSideTests":{}}"></gu-island><gu-island name="SetAdTargeting" priority="critical" props="{"adTargeting":{"customParams":{"sens":"f","si":"f","vl":0,"cc":"INT","s":"artanddesign","inskin":"f","se":["guardian-picture-essay"],"ct":"tag","url":"/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay","edition":"int","p":"ng","pa":"f","urlkw":["guardian","picture","essay"]},"adUnit":"/59666047/theguardian.com/artanddesign/subsection/ng"}}"></gu-island><div data-print-layout="hide" id="bannerandheader"><div class="dcr-4omefw"><section style="background-color:var(--section-background);" class="dcr-1xdhyk6"><div style="border-color:var(--article-border);" class="dcr-1s8spa1"><div class="dcr-1u9kji9"><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="top-banner-ad-container dcr-iim5od"><div class="dcr-mqepgd"><gu-island name="AdBlockAsk" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"size":"leaderboard","slotId":"dfp-ad--top-above-nav","shouldHideReaderRevenue":false,"isPaidContent":false}"></gu-island><div class="ad-slot-container dcr-vdr14u"><div id="dfp-ad--top-above-nav" data-link-name="ad slot top-above-nav" data-name="top-above-nav" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--top-above-nav ad-slot--mpu-banner-ad ad-slot--rendered"></div></div></div></div></span></div></div></section></div><header data-component="header"><section style="background-color:var(--masthead-top-bar-background);" class="dcr-1xdhyk6"><div style="border-color:var(--article-border);" class="dcr-1s8spa1"><div data-component="topbar"><gu-island name="TopBar" priority="critical" props="{"editionId":"INT","idUrl":"https://profile.theguardian.com","mmaUrl":"https://manage.theguardian.com","discussionApiUrl":"https://discussion.theguardian.com/discussion-api","idApiUrl":"https://idapi.theguardian.com","contributionsServiceUrl":"https://contributions.guardianapis.com","hasPageSkin":false}"><div class="dcr-5k6jfi"><div class="dcr-kohrs2"><div style="padding-right:12px;" class="dcr-145list"></div><span class="dcr-1vetsv0"><div style="padding-right:12px;" class="dcr-1cvta4k"><a href="https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe/weekly?REFPVID=undefined&INTCMP=undefined&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22%3A%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22%2C%22componentId%22%3A%22PrintSubscriptionsHeaderLink%22%2C%22componentType%22%3A%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22%2C%22referrerUrl%22%3A%22%22%7D" data-link-name="header : topbar : printsubs" class="dcr-vxblrw">Print subscriptions</a></div></span><span class="dcr-1vetsv0"><div style="padding-right:12px;" class="dcr-1cvta4k"><a href="https://jobs.theguardian.com" data-link-name="header : topbar : job-cta" class="dcr-vxblrw">Search jobs</a></div></span><div style="padding-right:0px;" class="dcr-1cvta4k"><a href="https://profile.theguardian.com/signin?INTCMP=DOTCOM_NEWHEADER_SIGNIN&ABCMP=ab-sign-in&componentEventParams=componentType%3Didentityauthentication%26componentId%3Dguardian_signin_header" data-link-name="header : topbar : signin" class="dcr-140c513"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path d="M7 0C3.1 0 0 3.1 0 7c0 2 .9 3.9 2.4 5.2C3.6 13.4 5.3 14 7 14c1.7 0 3.4-.6 4.7-1.8C13.2 10.9 14 9 14 7c0-3.9-3.1-7-7-7zm0 1.8c1.3 0 2.1.8 2.1 2.1S8 6.3 7 6.3c-.8 0-2-1.1-2-2.4 0-1.4.7-2.1 2-2.1zm0 11.6c-1.7 0-3.3-.7-4.5-1.8l.8-3.2.5-.5c1-.4 2.1-.5 3.1-.5 1.1 0 2.1.2 3.1.5l.5.5.9 3.2c-1.1 1.2-2.7 1.8-4.4 1.8z"></path></svg> Sign in</a></div></div></div></gu-island></div></div></section><gu-island name="Titlepiece" priority="critical" props="{"nav":{"pillars":[{"title":"News","longTitle":"Headlines","url":"/","children":[{"title":"World","longTitle":"World news","url":"/world","children":[{"title":"Europe","longTitle":"Europe","url":"/world/europe-news","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"US","longTitle":"US news","url":"/us-news","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Americas","longTitle":"Americas","url":"/world/americas","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Asia","longTitle":"Asia","url":"/world/asia","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Australia","longTitle":"Australia news","url":"/australia-news","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Middle East","longTitle":"Middle East","url":"/world/middleeast","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Africa","longTitle":"Africa","url":"/world/africa","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Inequality","longTitle":"Inequality","url":"/inequality","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Global development","longTitle":"Global development","url":"/global-development","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"US politics","longTitle":"US politics","url":"/us-news/us-politics","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"UK","longTitle":"UK news","url":"/uk-news","children":[{"title":"UK politics","longTitle":"UK politics","url":"/politics","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Education","longTitle":"Education","url":"/education","children":[{"title":"Schools","longTitle":"Schools","url":"/education/schools","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Teachers","longTitle":"Teachers","url":"/teacher-network","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Universities","longTitle":"Universities","url":"/education/universities","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Students","longTitle":"Students","url":"/education/students","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Media","longTitle":"Media","url":"/media","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Society","longTitle":"Society","url":"/society","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Law","longTitle":"Law","url":"/law","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Scotland","longTitle":"Scotland","url":"/uk/scotland","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Wales","longTitle":"Wales","url":"/uk/wales","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Northern Ireland","longTitle":"Northern Ireland","url":"/uk/northernireland","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Climate crisis","longTitle":"Climate crisis","url":"/environment/climate-crisis","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Middle East","longTitle":"Middle East","url":"/world/middleeast","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Ukraine","longTitle":"Ukraine","url":"/world/ukraine","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Environment","longTitle":"Environment","url":"/environment","children":[{"title":"Climate crisis","longTitle":"Climate crisis","url":"/environment/climate-crisis","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Wildlife","longTitle":"Wildlife","url":"/environment/wildlife","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Energy","longTitle":"Energy","url":"/environment/energy","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Pollution","longTitle":"Pollution","url":"/environment/pollution","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Science","longTitle":"Science","url":"/science","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Global development","longTitle":"Global development","url":"/global-development","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Football","longTitle":"Football","url":"/football","children":[{"title":"Live scores","longTitle":"football/live","url":"/football/live","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Tables","longTitle":"football/tables","url":"/football/tables","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Fixtures","longTitle":"football/fixtures","url":"/football/fixtures","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Results","longTitle":"football/results","url":"/football/results","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Competitions","longTitle":"football/competitions","url":"/football/competitions","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Clubs","longTitle":"football/teams","url":"/football/teams","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Tech","longTitle":"Tech","url":"/technology","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Business","longTitle":"Business","url":"/business","children":[{"title":"Economics","longTitle":"Economics","url":"/business/economics","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Banking","longTitle":"Banking","url":"/business/banking","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Money","longTitle":"Money","url":"/money","children":[{"title":"Property","longTitle":"Property","url":"/money/property","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Pensions","longTitle":"Pensions","url":"/money/pensions","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Savings","longTitle":"Savings","url":"/money/savings","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Borrowing","longTitle":"Borrowing","url":"/money/debt","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Careers","longTitle":"Careers","url":"/money/work-and-careers","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Markets","longTitle":"Markets","url":"/business/stock-markets","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Project Syndicate","longTitle":"Project Syndicate","url":"/business/series/project-syndicate-economists","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"B2B","longTitle":"B2B","url":"/business-to-business","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Retail","longTitle":"Retail","url":"/business/retail","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Obituaries","longTitle":"Obituaries","url":"/obituaries","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false,"pillar":0},{"title":"Opinion","longTitle":"Opinion home","url":"/commentisfree","children":[{"title":"The Guardian view","longTitle":"The Guardian view","url":"/profile/editorial","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Columnists","longTitle":"Columnists","url":"/index/contributors","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Cartoons","longTitle":"Cartoons","url":"/tone/cartoons","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Opinion videos","longTitle":"Opinion videos","url":"/type/video+tone/comment","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Letters","longTitle":"Letters","url":"/tone/letters","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false,"pillar":1},{"title":"Sport","longTitle":"Sport home","url":"/sport","children":[{"title":"Football","longTitle":"Football","url":"/football","children":[{"title":"Live scores","longTitle":"football/live","url":"/football/live","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Tables","longTitle":"football/tables","url":"/football/tables","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Fixtures","longTitle":"football/fixtures","url":"/football/fixtures","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Results","longTitle":"football/results","url":"/football/results","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Competitions","longTitle":"football/competitions","url":"/football/competitions","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Clubs","longTitle":"football/teams","url":"/football/teams","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Cricket","longTitle":"Cricket","url":"/sport/cricket","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Rugby union","longTitle":"Rugby union","url":"/sport/rugby-union","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Tennis","longTitle":"Tennis","url":"/sport/tennis","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Cycling","longTitle":"Cycling","url":"/sport/cycling","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"F1","longTitle":"F1","url":"/sport/formulaone","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Golf","longTitle":"Golf","url":"/sport/golf","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"US sports","longTitle":"US sports","url":"/sport/us-sport","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false,"pillar":2},{"title":"Culture","longTitle":"Culture home","url":"/culture","children":[{"title":"Books","longTitle":"Books","url":"/books","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Music","longTitle":"Music","url":"/music","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"TV & radio","longTitle":"TV & radio","url":"/tv-and-radio","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Art & design","longTitle":"Art & design","url":"/artanddesign","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Film","longTitle":"Film","url":"/film","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Games","longTitle":"Games","url":"/games","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Classical","longTitle":"Classical","url":"/music/classicalmusicandopera","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Stage","longTitle":"Stage","url":"/stage","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false,"pillar":3},{"title":"Lifestyle","longTitle":"Lifestyle home","url":"/lifeandstyle","children":[{"title":"Fashion","longTitle":"Fashion","url":"/fashion","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Food","longTitle":"Food","url":"/food","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Recipes","longTitle":"Recipes","url":"/tone/recipes","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Love & sex","longTitle":"Love & sex","url":"/lifeandstyle/love-and-sex","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Health & fitness","longTitle":"Health & fitness","url":"/lifeandstyle/health-and-wellbeing","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Home & garden","longTitle":"Home & garden","url":"/lifeandstyle/home-and-garden","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Women","longTitle":"Women","url":"/lifeandstyle/women","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Men","longTitle":"Men","url":"/lifeandstyle/men","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Family","longTitle":"Family","url":"/lifeandstyle/family","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Travel","longTitle":"Travel","url":"/travel","children":[{"title":"UK","longTitle":"UK","url":"/travel/uk","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Europe","longTitle":"Europe","url":"/travel/europe","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"US","longTitle":"US","url":"/travel/usa","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Money","longTitle":"Money","url":"/money","children":[{"title":"Property","longTitle":"Property","url":"/money/property","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Pensions","longTitle":"Pensions","url":"/money/pensions","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Savings","longTitle":"Savings","url":"/money/savings","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Borrowing","longTitle":"Borrowing","url":"/money/debt","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Careers","longTitle":"Careers","url":"/money/work-and-careers","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false,"pillar":4}],"otherLinks":[{"title":"The Guardian app","longTitle":"The Guardian app","url":"https://app.adjust.com/16xt6hai","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Video","longTitle":"Video","url":"/video","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Podcasts","longTitle":"Podcasts","url":"/podcasts","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Pictures","longTitle":"Pictures","url":"/inpictures","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Newsletters","longTitle":"Newsletters","url":"/email-newsletters","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Today's paper","longTitle":"Today's paper","url":"/theguardian","children":[{"title":"Obituaries","longTitle":"Obituaries","url":"/obituaries","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"G2","longTitle":"G2","url":"/theguardian/g2","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Journal","longTitle":"Journal","url":"/theguardian/journal","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Saturday","longTitle":"Saturday","url":"/theguardian/saturday","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Inside the Guardian","longTitle":"Inside the Guardian","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/insidetheguardian","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"The Observer","longTitle":"The Observer","url":"/observer","children":[{"title":"Comment","longTitle":"Comment","url":"/theobserver/news/comment","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"The New Review","longTitle":"The New Review","url":"/theobserver/new-review","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Observer Magazine","longTitle":"Observer Magazine","url":"/theobserver/magazine","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Observer Food Monthly","longTitle":"Observer Food Monthly","url":"/theobserver/foodmonthly","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Guardian Weekly","longTitle":"Guardian Weekly","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/weekly?INTCMP=gdnwb_mawns_editorial_gweekly_GW_TopNav_Int","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Crosswords","longTitle":"Crosswords","url":"/crosswords","children":[{"title":"Blog","longTitle":"Blog","url":"/crosswords/crossword-blog","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Quick","longTitle":"Quick","url":"/crosswords/series/quick","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Speedy","longTitle":"Speedy","url":"/crosswords/series/speedy","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Quick cryptic","longTitle":"Quick cryptic","url":"/crosswords/series/quick-cryptic","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Everyman","longTitle":"Everyman","url":"/crosswords/series/everyman","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Quiptic","longTitle":"Quiptic","url":"/crosswords/series/quiptic","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Cryptic","longTitle":"Cryptic","url":"/crosswords/series/cryptic","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Prize","longTitle":"Prize","url":"/crosswords/series/prize","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Azed","longTitle":"Azed","url":"/crosswords/series/azed","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Genius","longTitle":"Genius","url":"/crosswords/series/genius","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Weekend","longTitle":"Weekend","url":"/crosswords/series/weekend-crossword","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Special","longTitle":"Special","url":"/crosswords/series/special","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Wordiply","longTitle":"Wordiply","url":"https://www.wordiply.com","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Corrections","longTitle":"Corrections","url":"/theguardian/series/corrections-and-clarifications","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"brandExtensions":[{"title":"Search jobs","longTitle":"Search jobs","url":"https://jobs.theguardian.com","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Holidays","longTitle":"Holidays","url":"https://holidays.theguardian.com?INTCMP=holidays_int_web_newheader","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Digital Archive","longTitle":"Digital Archive","url":"https://theguardian.newspapers.com","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Guardian Licensing","longTitle":"Guardian Licensing","url":"https://licensing.theguardian.com/","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"About Us","longTitle":"About Us","url":"/about","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"currentNavLink":"Art & design","subNavSections":{"links":[{"title":"Books","longTitle":"Books","url":"/books","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Music","longTitle":"Music","url":"/music","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"TV & radio","longTitle":"TV & radio","url":"/tv-and-radio","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Art & design","longTitle":"Art & design","url":"/artanddesign","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Film","longTitle":"Film","url":"/film","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Games","longTitle":"Games","url":"/games","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Classical","longTitle":"Classical","url":"/music/classicalmusicandopera","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Stage","longTitle":"Stage","url":"/stage","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}]},"readerRevenueLinks":{"header":{"subscribe":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=header_support_subscribe&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_support_subscribe%22%7D","support":"https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=header_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_support%22%7D","contribute":"https://support.theguardian.com/contribute?INTCMP=header_support_contribute&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_support_contribute%22%7D","supporter":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=header_supporter_cta&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_supporter_cta%22%7D"},"footer":{"subscribe":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=footer_support_subscribe&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_support_subscribe%22%7D","support":"https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=footer_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_support%22%7D","contribute":"https://support.theguardian.com/contribute?INTCMP=footer_support_contribute&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_support_contribute%22%7D","supporter":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=footer_supporter_cta&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_supporter_cta%22%7D"},"sideMenu":{"subscribe":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=side_menu_support_subscribe&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22side_menu_support_subscribe%22%7D","support":"https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=side_menu_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22side_menu_support%22%7D","contribute":"https://support.theguardian.com/contribute?INTCMP=side_menu_support_contribute&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22side_menu_support_contribute%22%7D","supporter":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=mobilenav_print_cta&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22mobilenav_print_cta%22%7D"},"ampHeader":{"subscribe":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=header_support_subscribe&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_support_subscribe%22%7D","support":"https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=amp_header_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22amp_header_support%22%7D","contribute":"https://support.theguardian.com/contribute?INTCMP=header_support_contribute&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_support_contribute%22%7D","supporter":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=header_supporter_cta&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_supporter_cta%22%7D"},"ampFooter":{"subscribe":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=amp_footer_support_subscribe&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22amp_footer_support_subscribe%22%7D","support":"https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=footer_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_support%22%7D","contribute":"https://support.theguardian.com/contribute?INTCMP=amp_footer_support_contribute&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22amp_footer_support_contribute%22%7D","supporter":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=amp_footer_supporter_cta&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22amp_footer_supporter_cta%22%7D"}},"selectedPillar":3},"editionId":"INT","showSubNav":true,"showSlimNav":false,"hasPageSkin":false,"pageId":"artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay"}"><nav style="background-color:var(--masthead-nav-background);color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);" class="dcr-5k6jfi"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () { /** The checkbox input element used to toggle the navigation menu. */ const navInputCheckbox = document.getElementById('header-nav-input-checkbox'); /** The veggie burger button element used to open/close the menu. */ const veggieBurger = document.getElementById('header-veggie-burger'); /** List of menu items that should be selectable when the menu is open. */ const expandedMenuClickableTags = document.querySelectorAll( '.selectableMenuItem', ); /** The root element of the expanded menu. */ const expandedMenu = document.getElementById('header-expanded-menu-root'); /** The label for the first column in the menu, assumed to be "News".*/ const firstColLabel = document.getElementById('News-button'); /** The link element in the second list item under news links. */ const firstColLink = document.querySelector( '#newsLinks > li:nth-of-type(2) > a', ); /** * Focuses on the first navigation element depending on whether the first column label is visible. * * If the first column label is not visible, the function focuses on the first link element. * Otherwise, it focuses on the first column label. */ const focusOnFirstNavElement = () => { if (window.getComputedStyle(firstColLabel).display === 'none') { firstColLink.focus(); } else { firstColLabel.focus(); } }; /** * Updates ARIA attributes and tabindex values based on whether the menu is open or closed. */ const updateAttributesForMenu = (isOpen) => { firstColLabel.setAttribute('aria-expanded', isOpen ? 'true' : 'false'); veggieBurger.setAttribute( 'data-link-name', isOpen ? 'header : veggie-burger : hide' : 'header : veggie-burger : show', ); expandedMenuClickableTags.forEach((tag) => { tag.setAttribute('tabindex', isOpen ? '0' : '-1'); }); }; /** Toggles the navigation menu by simulating a click on the checkbox. */ const toggleMainMenu = () => { if (navInputCheckbox) { navInputCheckbox.click(); } }; /** * Handles keydown events to toggle the menu when the Enter or Space key is pressed. */ const keydownToggleMainMenu = (e) => { if (e.key === 'Enter' || e.key === ' ') { e.preventDefault(); toggleMainMenu(); } }; /** * Handles click events to manage the state of the navigation menu. * * - Toggles the menu open/close state when the menu button (veggieBurger) is clicked. */ const handleMenuClick = (e) => { const menuButtonClicked = navInputCheckbox === e.target; const clickInsideMenu = expandedMenu.contains(e.target); const menuIsOpen = navInputCheckbox.checked if (menuButtonClicked && !menuIsOpen) { document.body.classList.toggle('nav-is-open') firstColLabel.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false') veggieBurger.setAttribute('data-link-name','header : veggie-burger : show') expandedMenuClickableTags.forEach(function($selectableElement){ $selectableElement.setAttribute('tabindex','-1') }) } else if (menuButtonClicked && menuIsOpen) { document.body.classList.toggle('nav-is-open') firstColLabel.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true') veggieBurger.setAttribute('data-link-name','header : veggie-burger : hide') expandedMenuClickableTags.forEach(function($selectableElement){ $selectableElement.setAttribute('tabindex','0') }) focusOnFirstNavElement() } }; /** Adds event listeners to manage the navigation menu. */ if (navInputCheckbox) { navInputCheckbox.addEventListener('click', handleMenuClick); veggieBurger.addEventListener('keydown', keydownToggleMainMenu); document.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => { if (e.key === 'Escape' && navInputCheckbox.checked) { toggleMainMenu(); veggieBurger.focus(); } }); /** * Handles mouse down events to manage the state of the navigation menu. * * - Closes the menu if the click occurs outside both the menu button and the expanded menu. */ document.addEventListener('mousedown', function(e){ if(navInputCheckbox.checked && !expandedMenu.contains(e.target) && !veggieBurger.contains(e.target)){ toggleMainMenu() } }); } });</script><div class="dcr-1jzii9a"><div class="dcr-1iaxt8y"><div class="dcr-1kbi9ft"><label for="checkbox-id-masthead-edition" class="dcr-1crstso">Int</label><input type="checkbox" id="checkbox-id-masthead-edition" aria-checked="false" tabIndex="-1"/><ul id="dropbox-id-masthead-edition" class="dcr-qfkeyz"><li><a href="/preference/edition/int" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : edition-picker: INT" class="dcr-64xqd0">International edition</a></li><li><a href="/preference/edition/uk" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : edition-picker: UK" class="dcr-i0vtpq">UK edition</a></li><li><a href="/preference/edition/us" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : edition-picker: US" class="dcr-i0vtpq">US edition</a></li><li><a href="/preference/edition/au" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : edition-picker: AU" class="dcr-i0vtpq">Australia edition</a></li><li><a href="/preference/edition/eur" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : edition-picker: EUR" class="dcr-i0vtpq">Europe edition</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="dcr-1apgfiu"><a href="/" data-link-name="header : logo"><span class="dcr-zramh4">The Guardian - Back to home</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 -3 300 100" fill="var(--masthead-nav-link-text)" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M0 70.8c0-19.5 13-26.4 27.3-26.4 6.1 0 12 1 15.1 2.3l.3 13.6h-1.4L33 47.2c-1.5-.7-2.8-.9-5.4-.9-7.6 0-11.5 8.8-11.4 23.3.1 17.3 3.1 25.1 10.2 25.1 1.8 0 3.2-.2 4.2-.7V75.5l-4.7-2.7v-1.5h22.5V73l-4.6 2.5v18.3a50.1 50.1 0 0 1-17 2.9C10.5 96.7 0 89 0 70.8Z"></path><path d="m142.8 57.9 1.2.1v11h.3c1.6-8 5.2-11 9.5-11 .7 0 1.5 0 1.9.2v11.2c-.7-.2-2-.2-3.1-.2-3.4 0-6 .6-8.2 1.6v21.7l3.4 1.9v1.4h-19.5v-1.4l3.5-2V63l-4.1-1.2v-1l15-2.8Z"></path><path d="M110.2 74v-4.9c0-7.4-1.6-9.9-6.2-9.9l-1.6.2-8.2 11h-1.1V60.3c3.5-1.1 7.9-2.4 13.7-2.4 10 0 15.8 2.8 15.8 11.1v24l3.6 1v1c-1.4.8-4.2 1.6-7.3 1.6-5 0-7.3-1.6-8.4-4.3h-.4c-2 2.8-5 4.4-9.7 4.4-6 0-10-3.7-10-10S94.2 77 102 75.5l8.1-1.6Zm0 16.6V75.8l-2.5.2c-4 .3-5.3 2.8-5.3 8.3 0 6 2 7.6 4.7 7.6 1.5 0 2.4-.5 3.1-1.3Z"></path><path d="M47.5 61.7v-1.1l15-2.7 1.7.2v29.6c0 3.6 1.7 4.7 4.6 4.7 1.9 0 3.6-.7 4.9-2.3V63.5l-4.1-1.8v-1.1l15-2.7 1.6.1v34l4 1.7v1l-14.9 1.9-1.5-.1V92h-.4a16.8 16.8 0 0 1-11.3 4.7c-7.2 0-10.5-4.2-10.5-10.7V63.5l-4.1-1.8Z"></path><path d="M261.5 92.5V63l-4.2-1.4v-1.5l15-2.7h1.5V62h.5c3.2-2.9 8-4.7 12.8-4.7 6.5 0 9.4 3 9.4 10v25.1l3.5 2v1.4h-19.5v-1.4l3.5-2V68c0-3.8-1.7-5.3-4.8-5.3-2 0-3.6.5-5.1 1.6v28.3l3.4 1.9v1.4h-19.6v-1.4l3.6-2Z"></path><path d="m214 57.8 1.4.2v34.5l3.4 1.9v1.4h-19.5v-1.4l3.5-2v-29l-4.2-1.6v-1.2l15.5-2.8Zm1.5-9.3c0 3.7-3.1 6.4-6.7 6.4a6.4 6.4 0 0 1-6.6-6.4c0-3.6 2.9-6.4 6.6-6.4 3.6 0 6.7 2.8 6.7 6.4Z"></path><path d="M239.8 74v-4.9c0-7.4-1.7-9.9-6.2-9.9l-1.6.2-8.2 11h-1.1V60.3c3.5-1.1 7.9-2.4 13.7-2.4 10 0 15.8 2.8 15.8 11.1v24l3.6 1v1c-1.4.8-4.2 1.6-7.4 1.6-5 0-7.3-1.6-8.4-4.3h-.3c-2 2.8-5 4.4-9.7 4.4-6 0-10-3.7-10-10s3.8-9.6 11.7-11.1l8-1.6Zm0 16.6V75.8l-2.5.2c-4 .3-5.4 2.8-5.4 8.3 0 6 2 7.6 4.8 7.6 1.5 0 2.4-.5 3-1.3Z"></path><path d="M180.6 58.8V47.2l-4.1-1.4v-1l15.2-2.7 1.5.2V92l4.2 1.5v1.3l-15 2-1.2-.2v-4h-.4a13.4 13.4 0 0 1-10 4.1c-8.1 0-14.1-6.2-14.1-19 0-13.5 7-20 17.5-20 3 0 5.3.5 6.4 1.1Zm0 31.8V61c-1-.6-1.7-1.4-4.2-1.3-4 .2-6.6 6.3-6.6 17.2 0 9.8 1.9 15.3 7.3 15.1 1.5 0 2.7-.6 3.5-1.3Z"></path><path d="m68.1 51.6 5.2-2.7V8.5h-4L60 21.1h-1.1l.6-14h41.3l.6 14H100L90.8 8.5h-4v40.3l5.2 2.7V53H68.1v-1.3Z"></path><path d="M105.4 49.8V5l-4-1.6v-.8L115.9 0h1.5v21.2l.4-.4c3.2-2.8 7.8-4.5 12.4-4.5 6.3 0 9.1 3.5 9.1 10.2v23.3l3.4 1.8V53h-18.9v-1.4l3.4-1.8V26.4c0-3.7-1.6-5.1-4.6-5.1a8 8 0 0 0-5 1.6v27l3.3 1.8V53h-19v-1.3l3.5-2Z"></path><path d="M153.7 36c.4 7.4 3.7 13.1 11.6 13.1 3.8 0 6.5-1.7 9-3v1.4c-1.9 2.7-6.9 6.5-13.8 6.5-12.2 0-18.5-6.8-18.5-18.5 0-11.5 6.8-18.6 17.9-18.6 10.3 0 15.7 5.2 15.7 18.8v.3h-21.9Zm-.2-1.7 10.8-.6c0-9.2-1.6-15.3-4.8-15.3-3.3 0-6 7-6 16Z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-1p0hins">The Guardian</span></a></div><input type="checkbox" id="header-nav-input-checkbox" name="more" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><div class="dcr-1p1neil"><ul class="dcr-1d6g26q"><li class="dcr-1grikph"><a href="/" style="--pillar-underline:#FF5943;" id="navigation" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : nav : primary : News" class="dcr-7612kl">News</a></li><li class="dcr-ks441s"><a href="/commentisfree" style="--pillar-underline:#FF7F0F;" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : nav : primary : Opinion" class="dcr-7612kl">Opinion</a></li><li class="dcr-ks441s"><a href="/sport" style="--pillar-underline:#00B2FF;" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : nav : primary : Sport" class="dcr-7612kl">Sport</a></li><li class="dcr-ks441s"><a href="/culture" style="--pillar-underline:#EACCA0;" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : nav : primary : Culture" class="dcr-1iufw7r">Culture</a></li><li class="dcr-1kcody2"><a href="/lifeandstyle" style="--pillar-underline:#FFABDB;" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : nav : primary : Lifestyle" class="dcr-7612kl">Lifestyle</a></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1hrapdy"><label id="header-veggie-burger" aria-label="Toggle main menu" for="header-nav-input-checkbox" data-link-name="header : veggie-burger : show" tabIndex="0" role="button" data-testid="veggie-burger" class="dcr-n3bsq4"><span class="dcr-b3mn8w"><span class="dcr-1nvgr5i">Show more</span><svg width="26" viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M23 7V5H1v2zm0 6v-2H1v2zm0 6v-2H1v2z" fill="var(--masthead-veggie-burger-icon)"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-li5n90"><span class="dcr-1nvgr5i">Hide expanded menu</span><svg width="26" viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.015 14.042 20.707 22 22 20.709 14.06 12 22 3.291 20.707 2l-8.692 7.958L3.293 2.03 2 3.321 9.97 12 2 20.679l1.293 1.291z" fill="var(--masthead-veggie-burger-icon)"></path></svg></span></label></div><div id="header-expanded-menu-root" class="dcr-1ef3v4m"><div id="header-expanded-menu" data-testid="expanded-menu" class="dcr-1l1mact"><div class="dcr-1srap2j"><div class="dcr-efueom"><ul role="menubar" data-testid="nav-menu-columns" class="dcr-6sl420"><li role="none" class="dcr-lpsfc3"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var columnInput = document.getElementById('News-button'); if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test. columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('News-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="News-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="News-button" aria-label="Toggle News" for="News-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="newsLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-News" data-link-name="header : secondary : News" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-o6rk0u">News</label><ul role="menu" id="newsLinks" data-testid="newsLinks" class="dcr-11vt4tq"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : View all News" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-News" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">View all News</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/world" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : World news" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-World" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">World news</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/us-news/us-politics" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : US politics" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-US politics" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">US politics</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/uk-news" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : UK news" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-UK" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">UK news</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/environment/climate-crisis" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Climate crisis" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Climate crisis" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Climate crisis</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/world/middleeast" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Middle East" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Middle East" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Middle East</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/world/ukraine" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Ukraine" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Ukraine" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Ukraine</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/environment" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Environment" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Environment" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Environment</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/science" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Science" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Science" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Science</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/global-development" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Global development" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Global development" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Global development</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/football" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Football" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Football" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Football</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/technology" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Tech" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Tech" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Tech</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/business" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Business" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Business" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Business</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/obituaries" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Obituaries" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Obituaries" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Obituaries</a></li></ul><div class="dcr-1tnoaxa"></div></li><li role="none" class="dcr-lpsfc3"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var columnInput = document.getElementById('Opinion-button'); if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test. columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('Opinion-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="Opinion-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="Opinion-button" aria-label="Toggle Opinion" for="Opinion-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="opinionLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-Opinion" data-link-name="header : secondary : Opinion" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-p0c3jt">Opinion</label><ul role="menu" id="opinionLinks" data-testid="opinionLinks" class="dcr-v7ibvm"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/commentisfree" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : View all Opinion" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Opinion" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">View all Opinion</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/profile/editorial" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : The Guardian view" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-The Guardian view" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">The Guardian view</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/index/contributors" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Columnists" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Columnists" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Columnists</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/tone/cartoons" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Cartoons" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Cartoons" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Cartoons</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/type/video+tone/comment" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Opinion videos" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Opinion videos" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Opinion videos</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/tone/letters" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Letters" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Letters" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Letters</a></li></ul><div class="dcr-1j2dgzz"></div></li><li role="none" class="dcr-lpsfc3"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var columnInput = document.getElementById('Sport-button'); if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test. columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('Sport-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="Sport-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="Sport-button" aria-label="Toggle Sport" for="Sport-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="sportLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-Sport" data-link-name="header : secondary : Sport" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-10b2o1s">Sport</label><ul role="menu" id="sportLinks" data-testid="sportLinks" class="dcr-wp8bgr"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/sport" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : View all Sport" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Sport" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">View all Sport</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/football" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Football" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Football" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Football</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/sport/cricket" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Cricket" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Cricket" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Cricket</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/sport/rugby-union" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Rugby union" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Rugby union" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Rugby union</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/sport/tennis" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Tennis" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Tennis" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Tennis</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/sport/cycling" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Cycling" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Cycling" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Cycling</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/sport/formulaone" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : F1" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-F1" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">F1</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/sport/golf" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Golf" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Golf" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Golf</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/sport/us-sport" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : US sports" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-US sports" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">US sports</a></li></ul><div class="dcr-16q8bto"></div></li><li role="none" class="dcr-lpsfc3"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var columnInput = document.getElementById('Culture-button'); if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test. columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('Culture-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="Culture-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="Culture-button" aria-label="Toggle Culture" for="Culture-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="cultureLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-Culture" data-link-name="header : secondary : Culture" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-x5fwww">Culture</label><ul role="menu" id="cultureLinks" data-testid="cultureLinks" class="dcr-1yytfii"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/culture" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : View all Culture" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Culture" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">View all Culture</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/books" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Books" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Books" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Books</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/music" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Music" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Music" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Music</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/tv-and-radio" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : TV & radio" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-TV & radio" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">TV & radio</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/artanddesign" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Art & design" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Art & design" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Art & design</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/film" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Film" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Film" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Film</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/games" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Games" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Games" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Games</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/music/classicalmusicandopera" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Classical" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Classical" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Classical</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/stage" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Stage" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Stage" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Stage</a></li></ul><div class="dcr-6zq80y"></div></li><li role="none" class="dcr-lpsfc3"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var columnInput = document.getElementById('Lifestyle-button'); if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test. columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('Lifestyle-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="Lifestyle-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="Lifestyle-button" aria-label="Toggle Lifestyle" for="Lifestyle-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="lifestyleLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-Lifestyle" data-link-name="header : secondary : Lifestyle" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-yq9plo">Lifestyle</label><ul role="menu" id="lifestyleLinks" data-testid="lifestyleLinks" class="dcr-1utnfys"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/lifeandstyle" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : View all Lifestyle" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Lifestyle" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">View all Lifestyle</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/fashion" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Fashion" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Fashion" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Fashion</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/food" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Food" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Food" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Food</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/tone/recipes" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Recipes" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Recipes" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Recipes</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/lifeandstyle/love-and-sex" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Love & sex" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Love & sex" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Love & sex</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/lifeandstyle/health-and-wellbeing" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Health & fitness" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Health & fitness" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Health & fitness</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/lifeandstyle/home-and-garden" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Home & garden" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Home & garden" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Home & garden</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/lifeandstyle/women" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Women" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Women" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Women</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/lifeandstyle/men" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Men" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Men" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Men</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/lifeandstyle/family" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Family" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Family" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Family</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/travel" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Travel" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Travel" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Travel</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/money" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Money" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Money" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Money</a></li></ul></li><span class="dcr-90inr0"><li role="none"><form action="https://www.google.co.uk/search" class="dcr-1jjnk9d"><label for="gu-search" class="dcr-0"><div class="dcr-6v110l">Search input </div></label><input type="text" id="gu-search" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" aria-describedby required name="q" placeholder="Search the Guardian" data-link-name="header : search" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-qcy5wo"/><label for="gu-search" class="dcr-0"><div class="dcr-6v110l">google-search </div><div class="dcr-radnun"><svg width="30" viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.273 2c4.023 0 7.25 3.295 7.25 7.273a7.226 7.226 0 0 1-7.25 7.25C5.25 16.523 2 13.296 2 9.273 2 5.295 5.25 2 9.273 2m0 1.84A5.403 5.403 0 0 0 3.84 9.274c0 3 2.409 5.454 5.432 5.454 3 0 5.454-2.454 5.454-5.454 0-3.023-2.454-5.432-5.454-5.432m7.295 10.887L22 20.16 20.16 22l-5.433-5.432v-.932l.91-.909z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-1p0hins">Search</span></div></label><button type="submit" aria-live="polite" aria-label="Search with Google" data-link-name="header : search : submit" tabIndex="-1" class="dcr-1gsboxi"><div class="src-button-space"></div><svg width="30" viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1 12.956h18.274l-7.167 8.575.932.932L23 12.478v-.956l-9.96-9.985-.932.932 7.166 8.575H1z"></path></svg></button><input type="hidden" name="as_sitesearch" value="www.theguardian.com"/></form></li></span><div class="dcr-1q09wwq"></div><ul role="menu" class="dcr-e1bf28"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=side_menu_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22side_menu_support%22%7D" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Support us" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Support us" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1rg7stg">Support us</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe/weekly?REFPVID=undefined&INTCMP=undefined&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22%3A%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22%2C%22componentId%22%3A%22PrintSubscriptionsHeaderLink%22%2C%22componentType%22%3A%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22%2C%22referrerUrl%22%3A%22%22%7D" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Print subscriptions" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Print subscriptions" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1rg7stg">Print subscriptions</a></li></ul><li role="none" class="dcr-3ae42h"><ul role="menu" id="moreLinks" class="dcr-1mtufo3"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="https://jobs.theguardian.com" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Search jobs" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Search jobs" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Search jobs</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="https://holidays.theguardian.com?INTCMP=holidays_int_web_newheader" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Holidays" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Holidays" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Holidays</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="https://theguardian.newspapers.com" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Digital Archive" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Digital Archive" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Digital Archive</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="https://licensing.theguardian.com/" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Guardian Licensing" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Guardian Licensing" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Guardian Licensing</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/about" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : About Us" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-About Us" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">About Us</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="https://app.adjust.com/16xt6hai" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : The Guardian app" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-The Guardian app" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">The Guardian app</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/video" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Video" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Video" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Video</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/podcasts" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Podcasts" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Podcasts" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Podcasts</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/inpictures" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Pictures" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Pictures" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Pictures</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/email-newsletters" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Newsletters" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Newsletters" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Newsletters</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/theguardian" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Today's paper" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Today's paper" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Today's paper</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/insidetheguardian" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Inside the Guardian" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Inside the Guardian" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Inside the Guardian</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/observer" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : The Observer" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-The Observer" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">The Observer</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/weekly?INTCMP=gdnwb_mawns_editorial_gweekly_GW_TopNav_Int" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Guardian Weekly" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Guardian Weekly" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Guardian Weekly</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/crosswords" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Crosswords" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Crosswords" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Crosswords</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="https://www.wordiply.com" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Wordiply" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Wordiply" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Wordiply</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/theguardian/series/corrections-and-clarifications" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Corrections" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Corrections" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Corrections</a></li></ul></li><li role="none" class="dcr-1rinrec"><form action="https://www.google.co.uk/search" class="dcr-1jjnk9d"><label for="gu-search" class="dcr-0"><div class="dcr-6v110l">Search input </div></label><input type="text" id="gu-search" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" aria-describedby required name="q" placeholder="Search the Guardian" data-link-name="header : search" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-qcy5wo"/><label for="gu-search" class="dcr-0"><div class="dcr-6v110l">google-search </div><div class="dcr-radnun"><svg width="30" viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.273 2c4.023 0 7.25 3.295 7.25 7.273a7.226 7.226 0 0 1-7.25 7.25C5.25 16.523 2 13.296 2 9.273 2 5.295 5.25 2 9.273 2m0 1.84A5.403 5.403 0 0 0 3.84 9.274c0 3 2.409 5.454 5.432 5.454 3 0 5.454-2.454 5.454-5.454 0-3.023-2.454-5.432-5.454-5.432m7.295 10.887L22 20.16 20.16 22l-5.433-5.432v-.932l.91-.909z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-1p0hins">Search</span></div></label><button type="submit" aria-live="polite" aria-label="Search with Google" data-link-name="header : search : submit" tabIndex="-1" class="dcr-1gsboxi"><div class="src-button-space"></div><svg width="30" viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1 12.956h18.274l-7.167 8.575.932.932L23 12.478v-.956l-9.96-9.985-.932.932 7.166 8.575H1z"></path></svg></button><input type="hidden" name="as_sitesearch" value="www.theguardian.com"/></form><ul role="menu" class="dcr-iwod0p"><li class="dcr-nnfu1a"><a href="https://jobs.theguardian.com" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : brand extension : Search jobs" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-e3rvah">Search jobs</a></li><li class="dcr-nnfu1a"><a href="https://holidays.theguardian.com?INTCMP=holidays_int_web_newheader" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : brand extension : Holidays" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-e3rvah">Holidays</a></li><li class="dcr-nnfu1a"><a href="https://theguardian.newspapers.com" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : brand extension : Digital Archive" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-e3rvah">Digital Archive</a></li><li class="dcr-nnfu1a"><a href="https://licensing.theguardian.com/" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : brand extension : Guardian Licensing" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-e3rvah">Guardian Licensing</a></li><li class="dcr-nnfu1a"><a href="/about" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : brand extension : About Us" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-e3rvah">About Us</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div data-print-layout="hide" data-testid="sub-nav" data-component="sub-nav" class="dcr-mu6xev"><ul role="list" style="--sub-nav-link:var(--sub-nav-link-header);" class="dcr-12t3ay9"><li class="dcr-5wkng0"><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/books" data-link-name="header : subnav : Books" class="dcr-15o3dy0">Books</a></li><li class="dcr-5wkng0"><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/music" data-link-name="header : subnav : Music" class="dcr-15o3dy0">Music</a></li><li class="dcr-5wkng0"><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/tv-and-radio" data-link-name="header : subnav : TV & radio" class="dcr-15o3dy0">TV & radio</a></li><li class="dcr-5wkng0"><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/artanddesign" data-link-name="header : subnav : Art & design" class="dcr-15o3dy0"><span class="dcr-3qh43d">Art & design</span></a></li><li class="dcr-5wkng0"><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/film" data-link-name="header : subnav : Film" class="dcr-15o3dy0">Film</a></li><li class="dcr-5wkng0"><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/games" data-link-name="header : subnav : Games" class="dcr-15o3dy0">Games</a></li><li class="dcr-5wkng0"><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/music/classicalmusicandopera" data-link-name="header : subnav : Classical" class="dcr-15o3dy0">Classical</a></li><li class="dcr-5wkng0"><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/stage" data-link-name="header : subnav : Stage" class="dcr-15o3dy0">Stage</a></li></ul><div class="dcr-1ikn05z"></div></div></nav></gu-island></header></div><main data-layout="TagPageLayout" id="maincontent"><section class="dcr-1n21o7c"><div class="dcr-1e51nvv"></div><div class="dcr-ptvyla"><h2 class="dcr-1ln6kec">The Guardian picture essay</h2></div><div class="dcr-175nrby">Picture-led storytelling brought to you by the Guardian picture desk</div></section><section id="10-february-2025" data-link-name="container-0 | 10-february-2025" data-component="10-february-2025" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2025/feb/10/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">10 February 2025</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-10-february-2025" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-908n69"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/world/2025/feb/10/ukraines-teen-soldiers-the-cadets-who-hold-the-countrys-future-in-their-hands" data-link-name="news | group-0 | card-@1" aria-label="Ukraine’s teen soldiers: the cadets who hold the country’s future in their hands" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8eb86e589f1faca7d838df1704c6ff79b68fdbc0/0_384_5755_3453/master/5755.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8eb86e589f1faca7d838df1704c6ff79b68fdbc0/0_384_5755_3453/master/5755.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8eb86e589f1faca7d838df1704c6ff79b68fdbc0/0_384_5755_3453/master/5755.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8eb86e589f1faca7d838df1704c6ff79b68fdbc0/0_384_5755_3453/master/5755.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8eb86e589f1faca7d838df1704c6ff79b68fdbc0/0_384_5755_3453/master/5755.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8eb86e589f1faca7d838df1704c6ff79b68fdbc0/0_384_5755_3453/master/5755.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Cadets break for lunch" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8eb86e589f1faca7d838df1704c6ff79b68fdbc0/0_384_5755_3453/master/5755.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="eager" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Ukraine’s teen soldiers: the cadets who hold the country’s future in their hands</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>Photojournalist Jelle Krings joined youngsters training to become Ukraine’s next generation of soldiers at a military school in Kyiv. The recruits spend two years studying academic topics as well as learning how to fight – all under the threat of Russian airstrikes</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2025-02-10T07:00:12.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Monday 10 February 2025 at 07:00 Greenwich Mean Time">10 Feb 2025 07.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><span class="dcr-12r3co1"><div class="ad-slot-container"><div id="dfp-ad--top-above-nav--mobile" data-link-name="ad slot top-above-nav" data-name="top-above-nav" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--top-above-nav ad-slot--container-inline ad-slot--mobile mobile-only ad-slot--rendered dcr-1m759r1"></div></div></span><section id="4-february-2025" data-link-name="container-1 | 4-february-2025" data-component="4-february-2025" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2025/feb/04/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">4 February 2025</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-4-february-2025" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="3" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-pgxvx8"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/artanddesign/2025/feb/04/what-if-you-never-come-down-the-90s-clubbers-who-wouldnt-let-the-night-end-a-picture-essay" data-link-name="news | group-0 | card-@2" aria-label="What if you never come down? The 90s clubbers who wouldn’t let the night end – a picture essay" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/650c4fd1e0a29167fdae0ec951fd7c77c3a4c63e/0_142_2000_1200/master/2000.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/650c4fd1e0a29167fdae0ec951fd7c77c3a4c63e/0_142_2000_1200/master/2000.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/650c4fd1e0a29167fdae0ec951fd7c77c3a4c63e/0_142_2000_1200/master/2000.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/650c4fd1e0a29167fdae0ec951fd7c77c3a4c63e/0_142_2000_1200/master/2000.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/650c4fd1e0a29167fdae0ec951fd7c77c3a4c63e/0_142_2000_1200/master/2000.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/650c4fd1e0a29167fdae0ec951fd7c77c3a4c63e/0_142_2000_1200/master/2000.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="‘Everyone you went out with has this special connection’ … clubbers on Brighton beach, 5.30am" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/650c4fd1e0a29167fdae0ec951fd7c77c3a4c63e/0_142_2000_1200/master/2000.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">What if you never come down? The 90s clubbers who wouldn’t let the night end – a picture essay</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>In the late 1990s, Mischa Haller began taking pictures of British nightlife during the hours after the clubs had shut – from drunken revellers scoffing pizza to ravers blissed out on the beach</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2025-02-04T07:00:16.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Tuesday 4 February 2025 at 07:00 Greenwich Mean Time">4 Feb 2025 07.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><div class="top-fronts-banner-ad-container dcr-12mgsnl"><div class="ad-slot-container dcr-dk0wj3"><div id="dfp-ad--fronts-banner-1" data-link-name="ad slot fronts-banner-1" data-name="fronts-banner-1" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--fronts-banner-1 ad-slot--rendered false dcr-aygtuk"></div></div></div><section id="31-january-2025" data-link-name="container-2 | 31-january-2025" data-component="31-january-2025" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2025/jan/31/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">31 January 2025</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-31-january-2025" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="3" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-pgxvx8"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/artanddesign/2025/jan/31/ai-takes-centre-stage-at-photo-brussels-2025" data-link-name="news | group-0 | card-@3" aria-label="AI takes centre stage at Photo Brussels 2025" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/e3c87b5626b6c418a9335aa9497da503170db6de/361_277_2799_1680/master/2799.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/e3c87b5626b6c418a9335aa9497da503170db6de/361_277_2799_1680/master/2799.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/e3c87b5626b6c418a9335aa9497da503170db6de/361_277_2799_1680/master/2799.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/e3c87b5626b6c418a9335aa9497da503170db6de/361_277_2799_1680/master/2799.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/e3c87b5626b6c418a9335aa9497da503170db6de/361_277_2799_1680/master/2799.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/e3c87b5626b6c418a9335aa9497da503170db6de/361_277_2799_1680/master/2799.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="The face of a man holding a flower to his lips" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/e3c87b5626b6c418a9335aa9497da503170db6de/361_277_2799_1680/master/2799.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">AI takes centre stage at Photo Brussels 2025</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>A review of this year’s Photo Brussels festival, where the theme of artificial intelligence and its impact and potential were examined by the curated work</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2025-01-31T07:00:48.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Friday 31 January 2025 at 07:00 Greenwich Mean Time">31 Jan 2025 07.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><span class="dcr-12r3co1"><div class="ad-slot-container"><div id="dfp-ad--inline1--mobile" data-link-name="ad slot inline1" data-name="inline1" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--inline1 ad-slot--container-inline ad-slot--mobile mobile-only ad-slot--rendered dcr-1m759r1"></div></div></span><section id="28-january-2025" data-link-name="container-3 | 28-january-2025" data-component="28-january-2025" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2025/jan/28/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">28 January 2025</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-28-january-2025" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="18" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-s76wdc"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/society/ng-interactive/2025/jan/28/millennial-caregiving" data-link-name="feature | group-0 | card-@4" aria-label="‘It’s a job, and a tough one’: the pain and privilege of being a millennial caregiver" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/21e777fc90564f8c5be642e0f2821f5a7f796026/0_267_4000_2400/master/4000.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/21e777fc90564f8c5be642e0f2821f5a7f796026/0_267_4000_2400/master/4000.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/21e777fc90564f8c5be642e0f2821f5a7f796026/0_267_4000_2400/master/4000.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/21e777fc90564f8c5be642e0f2821f5a7f796026/0_267_4000_2400/master/4000.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/21e777fc90564f8c5be642e0f2821f5a7f796026/0_267_4000_2400/master/4000.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/21e777fc90564f8c5be642e0f2821f5a7f796026/0_267_4000_2400/master/4000.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="a man helps a woman drink water as they sit in a car" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/21e777fc90564f8c5be642e0f2821f5a7f796026/0_267_4000_2400/master/4000.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">‘It’s a job, and a tough one’: the pain and privilege of being a millennial caregiver</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>Andrew, 33, cares full-time for his grandmother Elo, who has vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s. Isadora Kosofsky spent four years documenting their relationship</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2025-01-28T12:00:04.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Tuesday 28 January 2025 at 12:00 Greenwich Mean Time">28 Jan 2025 12.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><section id="27-january-2025" data-link-name="container-4 | 27-january-2025" data-component="27-january-2025" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2025/jan/27/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">27 January 2025</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-27-january-2025" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="10" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-1gxky2t"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/global-development/2025/jan/27/ice-stupas-of-the-ladakh-desert-an-ingenious-solution-to-water-scarcity-a-picture-essay" data-link-name="feature | group-0 | card-@5" aria-label="Ice stupas of the Ladakh desert: an ingenious solution to water scarcity – a picture essay" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/a87dea229e64e209338eba71fc492ef97b03d2c8/282_314_3718_2231/master/3718.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/a87dea229e64e209338eba71fc492ef97b03d2c8/282_314_3718_2231/master/3718.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/a87dea229e64e209338eba71fc492ef97b03d2c8/282_314_3718_2231/master/3718.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/a87dea229e64e209338eba71fc492ef97b03d2c8/282_314_3718_2231/master/3718.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/a87dea229e64e209338eba71fc492ef97b03d2c8/282_314_3718_2231/master/3718.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/a87dea229e64e209338eba71fc492ef97b03d2c8/282_314_3718_2231/master/3718.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="An ice stupa in the village of Gya with a cafe installed in its base" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/a87dea229e64e209338eba71fc492ef97b03d2c8/282_314_3718_2231/master/3718.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Ice stupas of the Ladakh desert: an ingenious solution to water scarcity – a picture essay</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>Farmers in the northern Indian region used to rely on snow and glacier meltwater, but the climate crisis is disrupting the water cycle – which means new ways of storing water are needed</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2025-01-27T09:01:07.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Monday 27 January 2025 at 09:01 Greenwich Mean Time">27 Jan 2025 09.01 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><span class="dcr-12r3co1"><div class="ad-slot-container"><div id="dfp-ad--inline2--mobile" data-link-name="ad slot inline2" data-name="inline2" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--inline2 ad-slot--container-inline ad-slot--mobile mobile-only ad-slot--rendered dcr-1m759r1"></div></div></span><div class="top-fronts-banner-ad-container dcr-12mgsnl"><div class="ad-slot-container dcr-dk0wj3"><div id="dfp-ad--fronts-banner-2" data-link-name="ad slot fronts-banner-2" data-name="fronts-banner-2" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--fronts-banner-2 ad-slot--rendered false dcr-aygtuk"></div></div></div><section id="24-january-2025" data-link-name="container-5 | 24-january-2025" data-component="24-january-2025" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2025/jan/24/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">24 January 2025</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-24-january-2025" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="10" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-1gxky2t"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/world/2025/jan/24/el-hierro-canary-island-migration-crisis-photo-essay" data-link-name="feature | group-0 | card-@6" aria-label="El Hierro: the tiny Canary Island at centre of migration crisis – photo essay" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/df6fe46f195991a278046b35e7e1cfecbd58989d/0_343_6045_3627/master/6045.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/df6fe46f195991a278046b35e7e1cfecbd58989d/0_343_6045_3627/master/6045.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/df6fe46f195991a278046b35e7e1cfecbd58989d/0_343_6045_3627/master/6045.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/df6fe46f195991a278046b35e7e1cfecbd58989d/0_343_6045_3627/master/6045.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/df6fe46f195991a278046b35e7e1cfecbd58989d/0_343_6045_3627/master/6045.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/df6fe46f195991a278046b35e7e1cfecbd58989d/0_343_6045_3627/master/6045.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="A group of people outside the Frontera reception centre" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/df6fe46f195991a278046b35e7e1cfecbd58989d/0_343_6045_3627/master/6045.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">El Hierro: the tiny Canary Island at centre of migration crisis – photo essay</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>Ten years ago, El Hierro staked everything on sustainability and renewable energy. Today it faces another epochal challenge: migration from Africa, a phenomenon that is turning it into the Lampedusa of the Atlantic</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2025-01-24T07:00:05.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Friday 24 January 2025 at 07:00 Greenwich Mean Time">24 Jan 2025 07.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><section id="20-january-2025" data-link-name="container-6 | 20-january-2025" data-component="20-january-2025" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2025/jan/20/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">20 January 2025</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-20-january-2025" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-908n69"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/us-news/2025/jan/20/cold-washington-trump-inauguration-in-pictures" data-link-name="news | group-0 | card-@7" aria-label="Freezing rain dampens mood in Washington ahead of Trump’s inauguration – photo essay" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9928208a042f5de7f3ed7ba0563d3a00841f7ab5/0_372_4000_2400/master/4000.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9928208a042f5de7f3ed7ba0563d3a00841f7ab5/0_372_4000_2400/master/4000.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9928208a042f5de7f3ed7ba0563d3a00841f7ab5/0_372_4000_2400/master/4000.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9928208a042f5de7f3ed7ba0563d3a00841f7ab5/0_372_4000_2400/master/4000.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9928208a042f5de7f3ed7ba0563d3a00841f7ab5/0_372_4000_2400/master/4000.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9928208a042f5de7f3ed7ba0563d3a00841f7ab5/0_372_4000_2400/master/4000.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="a man drinks from a bottle near a group of other people" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9928208a042f5de7f3ed7ba0563d3a00841f7ab5/0_372_4000_2400/master/4000.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Freezing rain dampens mood in Washington ahead of Trump’s inauguration – photo essay</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>Photographer Jordan Gale documents preparations for 60th presidential inauguration, showing a US poised and polarised between hope and fear</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2025-01-20T13:03:10.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Monday 20 January 2025 at 13:03 Greenwich Mean Time">20 Jan 2025 13.03 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><span class="dcr-12r3co1"><div class="ad-slot-container"><div id="dfp-ad--inline3--mobile" data-link-name="ad slot inline3" data-name="inline3" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--inline3 ad-slot--container-inline ad-slot--mobile mobile-only ad-slot--rendered dcr-1m759r1"></div></div></span><section id="10-january-2025" data-link-name="container-7 | 10-january-2025" data-component="10-january-2025" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2025/jan/10/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">10 January 2025</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-10-january-2025" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="18" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-s76wdc"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/world/ng-interactive/2025/jan/10/skateboarders-ukraine-photo-essay" data-link-name="feature | group-0 | card-@8" aria-label="On asphalt we grow: the skateboarders of Ukraine" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6f1f0f992165383d59f0468cc5863a5b99d1a15c/42_831_5233_3141/master/5233.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6f1f0f992165383d59f0468cc5863a5b99d1a15c/42_831_5233_3141/master/5233.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6f1f0f992165383d59f0468cc5863a5b99d1a15c/42_831_5233_3141/master/5233.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6f1f0f992165383d59f0468cc5863a5b99d1a15c/42_831_5233_3141/master/5233.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6f1f0f992165383d59f0468cc5863a5b99d1a15c/42_831_5233_3141/master/5233.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6f1f0f992165383d59f0468cc5863a5b99d1a15c/42_831_5233_3141/master/5233.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Artem, 22 from in Luhansk, in eastern Ukraine" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6f1f0f992165383d59f0468cc5863a5b99d1a15c/42_831_5233_3141/master/5233.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">On asphalt we grow: the skateboarders of Ukraine</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>Amid the devastation in Ukraine, the photojournalist Robin Tutenges has captured how skateboarding provides a vital escape for the country’s young people – an act of resilience and freedom as they reclaim the streets in the face of conflict and trauma</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2025-01-10T07:00:35.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Friday 10 January 2025 at 07:00 Greenwich Mean Time">10 Jan 2025 07.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><div class="top-fronts-banner-ad-container dcr-12mgsnl"><div class="ad-slot-container dcr-dk0wj3"><div id="dfp-ad--fronts-banner-3" data-link-name="ad slot fronts-banner-3" data-name="fronts-banner-3" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--fronts-banner-3 ad-slot--rendered false dcr-aygtuk"></div></div></div><section id="9-january-2025" data-link-name="container-8 | 9-january-2025" data-component="9-january-2025" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2025/jan/09/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">9 January 2025</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-9-january-2025" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="10" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-1gxky2t"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/global-development/2025/jan/09/uncovering-iraq-mass-graves-painstaking-search-for-missing-loved-ones-photo-essay" data-link-name="feature | group-0 | card-@9" aria-label="Uncovering Iraq’s mass graves: the painstaking search for missing loved ones – photo essay" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/363d2ff1888fda0914dfdf2fe628c212f829d93d/0_401_6720_4032/master/6720.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/363d2ff1888fda0914dfdf2fe628c212f829d93d/0_401_6720_4032/master/6720.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/363d2ff1888fda0914dfdf2fe628c212f829d93d/0_401_6720_4032/master/6720.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/363d2ff1888fda0914dfdf2fe628c212f829d93d/0_401_6720_4032/master/6720.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/363d2ff1888fda0914dfdf2fe628c212f829d93d/0_401_6720_4032/master/6720.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/363d2ff1888fda0914dfdf2fe628c212f829d93d/0_401_6720_4032/master/6720.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Forensic anthropologists in Iraq’s health ministry in Baghdad analyse and document skeletons found in mass graves " src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/363d2ff1888fda0914dfdf2fe628c212f829d93d/0_401_6720_4032/master/6720.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Uncovering Iraq’s mass graves: the painstaking search for missing loved ones – photo essay</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>The country has as many as one million missing people after decades of conflict. Forensic teams face huge challenges to document human remains as families wait in hope of closure</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2025-01-09T07:00:03.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Thursday 9 January 2025 at 07:00 Greenwich Mean Time">9 Jan 2025 07.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><span class="dcr-12r3co1"><div class="ad-slot-container"><div id="dfp-ad--inline4--mobile" data-link-name="ad slot inline4" data-name="inline4" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--inline4 ad-slot--container-inline ad-slot--mobile mobile-only ad-slot--rendered dcr-1m759r1"></div></div></span><section id="3-january-2025" data-link-name="container-9 | 3-january-2025" data-component="3-january-2025" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2025/jan/03/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">3 January 2025</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-3-january-2025" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="10" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-1gxky2t"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/society/2025/jan/03/prison-officer-hmp-maidstone-kent-photo-essay-tom-pilston" data-link-name="feature | group-0 | card-@10" aria-label="A day in the life of a prison officer at HMP Maidstone" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1fe139c4c1276bd916865908c447c1d5c888af58/0_288_7008_4205/master/7008.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1fe139c4c1276bd916865908c447c1d5c888af58/0_288_7008_4205/master/7008.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1fe139c4c1276bd916865908c447c1d5c888af58/0_288_7008_4205/master/7008.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1fe139c4c1276bd916865908c447c1d5c888af58/0_288_7008_4205/master/7008.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1fe139c4c1276bd916865908c447c1d5c888af58/0_288_7008_4205/master/7008.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1fe139c4c1276bd916865908c447c1d5c888af58/0_288_7008_4205/master/7008.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Chibs Ekeiwu at HMP Maidstone" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1fe139c4c1276bd916865908c447c1d5c888af58/0_288_7008_4205/master/7008.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">A day in the life of a prison officer at HMP Maidstone</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>Chibuike Ekeiwu has worked at the Kent prison since 2022. The photographer Tom Pilston recounts a day spent with him keeping order in a tough environment</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2025-01-03T07:00:50.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Friday 3 January 2025 at 07:00 Greenwich Mean Time">3 Jan 2025 07.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><section id="24-december-2024" data-link-name="container-10 | 24-december-2024" data-component="24-december-2024" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2024/dec/24/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">24 December 2024</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-24-december-2024" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="3" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-pgxvx8"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/artanddesign/2024/dec/24/life-of-romanian-children-whose-parents-work-abroad-photo-essay" data-link-name="news | group-0 | card-@11" aria-label="Warmth amid absence: life of Romanian children whose parents work abroad – photo essay" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/7764948f7123e60d6732b11ec653612697983ea1/0_396_7285_4371/master/7285.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/7764948f7123e60d6732b11ec653612697983ea1/0_396_7285_4371/master/7285.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/7764948f7123e60d6732b11ec653612697983ea1/0_396_7285_4371/master/7285.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/7764948f7123e60d6732b11ec653612697983ea1/0_396_7285_4371/master/7285.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/7764948f7123e60d6732b11ec653612697983ea1/0_396_7285_4371/master/7285.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/7764948f7123e60d6732b11ec653612697983ea1/0_396_7285_4371/master/7285.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Monica (red t-shirt) and Larisa (green jumper) bathe Elias while Larisa's boyfriend (left) holds a phone with a flashlight and a phone to video call Monica and Larisa's parents; Monica's boyfriend claps to distract the baby's attention at their home in Vătava, Mureș on October 18, 2023. Most of her life updates are shared with her parents via video calls after they finish work in Spain." src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/7764948f7123e60d6732b11ec653612697983ea1/0_396_7285_4371/master/7285.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Warmth amid absence: life of Romanian children whose parents work abroad – photo essay</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>Alexandra Corcode documents daily life in Romania in this portrait of the trauma experienced by young people whose parent or parents work abroad</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2024-12-24T05:00:35.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Tuesday 24 December 2024 at 05:00 Greenwich Mean Time">24 Dec 2024 05.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><span class="dcr-12r3co1"><div class="ad-slot-container"><div id="dfp-ad--inline5--mobile" data-link-name="ad slot inline5" data-name="inline5" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--inline5 ad-slot--container-inline ad-slot--mobile mobile-only ad-slot--rendered dcr-1m759r1"></div></div></span><div class="top-fronts-banner-ad-container dcr-12mgsnl"><div class="ad-slot-container dcr-dk0wj3"><div id="dfp-ad--fronts-banner-4" data-link-name="ad slot fronts-banner-4" data-name="fronts-banner-4" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--fronts-banner-4 ad-slot--rendered false dcr-aygtuk"></div></div></div><section id="20-december-2024" data-link-name="container-11 | 20-december-2024" data-component="20-december-2024" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2024/dec/20/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">20 December 2024</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-20-december-2024" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="3" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-pgxvx8"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/artanddesign/2024/dec/20/from-gaza-to-ghana-celebrating-the-agency-photographers-of-2024" data-link-name="news | group-0 | card-@12" aria-label="From Gaza to Ghana: celebrating the agency photographers of 2024" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8cec806b7316ffc15100b0539a5b81a895b08038/0_46_4200_2520/master/4200.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8cec806b7316ffc15100b0539a5b81a895b08038/0_46_4200_2520/master/4200.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8cec806b7316ffc15100b0539a5b81a895b08038/0_46_4200_2520/master/4200.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8cec806b7316ffc15100b0539a5b81a895b08038/0_46_4200_2520/master/4200.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8cec806b7316ffc15100b0539a5b81a895b08038/0_46_4200_2520/master/4200.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8cec806b7316ffc15100b0539a5b81a895b08038/0_46_4200_2520/master/4200.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Supporters of former Ghana President and presidential candidate for the National Democratic Congress (NDC), John Mahama" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8cec806b7316ffc15100b0539a5b81a895b08038/0_46_4200_2520/master/4200.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">From Gaza to Ghana: celebrating the agency photographers of 2024</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>The Guardian and Observer team of picture editors highlight the work of a number of photojournalists working for news agencies worldwide whose images have made an impact and contributed to our journalism during 2024</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2024-12-20T07:00:06.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Friday 20 December 2024 at 07:00 Greenwich Mean Time">20 Dec 2024 07.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><section id="2-december-2024" data-link-name="container-12 | 2-december-2024" data-component="2-december-2024" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2024/dec/02/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">2 December 2024</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-2-december-2024" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="3" data-format-design="10" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-4pzt3u"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/artanddesign/2024/dec/02/asylum-seekers-refugees-courtown-ireland-photo-essay" data-link-name="feature | group-0 | card-@13" aria-label="‘People are very welcoming’: asylum seekers find support in Irish town – photo essay" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/5973597a76f43307eb378009b476e4dfa386c493/0_178_6360_3819/master/6360.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/5973597a76f43307eb378009b476e4dfa386c493/0_178_6360_3819/master/6360.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/5973597a76f43307eb378009b476e4dfa386c493/0_178_6360_3819/master/6360.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/5973597a76f43307eb378009b476e4dfa386c493/0_178_6360_3819/master/6360.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/5973597a76f43307eb378009b476e4dfa386c493/0_178_6360_3819/master/6360.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/5973597a76f43307eb378009b476e4dfa386c493/0_178_6360_3819/master/6360.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Baba William on Courtown beach." src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/5973597a76f43307eb378009b476e4dfa386c493/0_178_6360_3819/master/6360.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">‘People are very welcoming’: asylum seekers find support in Irish town – photo essay</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>Courtown has shown how accommodating asylum seekers can be a success by engaging and involving them in the community</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2024-12-02T07:00:18.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Monday 2 December 2024 at 07:00 Greenwich Mean Time">2 Dec 2024 07.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><span class="dcr-12r3co1"><div class="ad-slot-container"><div id="dfp-ad--inline6--mobile" data-link-name="ad slot inline6" data-name="inline6" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--inline6 ad-slot--container-inline ad-slot--mobile mobile-only ad-slot--rendered dcr-1m759r1"></div></div></span><section id="28-november-2024" data-link-name="container-13 | 28-november-2024" data-component="28-november-2024" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2024/nov/28/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">28 November 2024</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-28-november-2024" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="10" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-1gxky2t"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/environment/2024/nov/28/irish-fishing-brexit-fishers-ireland-general-election" data-link-name="feature | group-0 | card-@14" aria-label="‘We’ve heard these promises before’: is this the end of the line for Irish fishing?" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6e8fa4101c93a760b2a465d45859642ff99d0d31/0_0_6714_4028/master/6714.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6e8fa4101c93a760b2a465d45859642ff99d0d31/0_0_6714_4028/master/6714.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6e8fa4101c93a760b2a465d45859642ff99d0d31/0_0_6714_4028/master/6714.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6e8fa4101c93a760b2a465d45859642ff99d0d31/0_0_6714_4028/master/6714.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6e8fa4101c93a760b2a465d45859642ff99d0d31/0_0_6714_4028/master/6714.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6e8fa4101c93a760b2a465d45859642ff99d0d31/0_0_6714_4028/master/6714.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="A fisher throws fish into the Irish sea from the back of a trawler" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6e8fa4101c93a760b2a465d45859642ff99d0d31/0_0_6714_4028/master/6714.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">‘We’ve heard these promises before’: is this the end of the line for Irish fishing?</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>Devastated by quota changes post-Brexit, fishers are pinning all their hopes on Ireland’s politicians as they head into a general election</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2024-11-28T05:00:37.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Thursday 28 November 2024 at 05:00 Greenwich Mean Time">28 Nov 2024 05.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><div class="top-fronts-banner-ad-container dcr-12mgsnl"><div class="ad-slot-container dcr-dk0wj3"><div id="dfp-ad--fronts-banner-5" data-link-name="ad slot fronts-banner-5" data-name="fronts-banner-5" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--fronts-banner-5 ad-slot--rendered false dcr-aygtuk"></div></div></div><section id="25-november-2024" data-link-name="container-14 | 25-november-2024" data-component="25-november-2024" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2024/nov/25/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">25 November 2024</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-25-november-2024" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="10" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-1gxky2t"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/world/2024/nov/25/hungary-most-deprived-roma-donate-blood-plasma-survive-photo-essay" data-link-name="feature | group-0 | card-@15" aria-label="Hungary’s most deprived people donate blood plasma to survive – photo essay" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/61edfaafa1c29f98aa22fa3cb5917d5c376f1f54/0_339_6768_4061/master/6768.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/61edfaafa1c29f98aa22fa3cb5917d5c376f1f54/0_339_6768_4061/master/6768.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/61edfaafa1c29f98aa22fa3cb5917d5c376f1f54/0_339_6768_4061/master/6768.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/61edfaafa1c29f98aa22fa3cb5917d5c376f1f54/0_339_6768_4061/master/6768.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/61edfaafa1c29f98aa22fa3cb5917d5c376f1f54/0_339_6768_4061/master/6768.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/61edfaafa1c29f98aa22fa3cb5917d5c376f1f54/0_339_6768_4061/master/6768.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Two young men in front of a block of flats present their forearms to the camera" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/61edfaafa1c29f98aa22fa3cb5917d5c376f1f54/0_339_6768_4061/master/6768.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Hungary’s most deprived people donate blood plasma to survive – photo essay</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>The documentary photographer Béla Váradi spent months photographing the lives of people who see plasma donation as a way to get by</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2024-11-25T14:51:57.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Monday 25 November 2024 at 14:51 Greenwich Mean Time">25 Nov 2024 14.51 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><span class="dcr-12r3co1"><div class="ad-slot-container"><div id="dfp-ad--inline7--mobile" data-link-name="ad slot inline7" data-name="inline7" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--inline7 ad-slot--container-inline ad-slot--mobile mobile-only ad-slot--rendered dcr-1m759r1"></div></div></span><section id="22-november-2024" data-link-name="container-15 | 22-november-2024" data-component="22-november-2024" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2024/nov/22/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">22 November 2024</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-22-november-2024" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="3" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-pgxvx8"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/artanddesign/2024/nov/22/life-of-hard-work-hills-welsh-valley-photo-essay" data-link-name="news | group-0 | card-@16" aria-label="A life of hard work on the hills of a Welsh valley – photo essay" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1bd5642db60fbb6694ec0ef3e54e0be79378dc0c/0_415_3000_1800/master/3000.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1bd5642db60fbb6694ec0ef3e54e0be79378dc0c/0_415_3000_1800/master/3000.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1bd5642db60fbb6694ec0ef3e54e0be79378dc0c/0_415_3000_1800/master/3000.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1bd5642db60fbb6694ec0ef3e54e0be79378dc0c/0_415_3000_1800/master/3000.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1bd5642db60fbb6694ec0ef3e54e0be79378dc0c/0_415_3000_1800/master/3000.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1bd5642db60fbb6694ec0ef3e54e0be79378dc0c/0_415_3000_1800/master/3000.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="An upland farmer" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1bd5642db60fbb6694ec0ef3e54e0be79378dc0c/0_415_3000_1800/master/3000.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">A life of hard work on the hills of a Welsh valley – photo essay</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>Photographic reportage exploring the traditions, life and history of upland farmers in Wales, and the modern forces that threaten their generational way of life</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2024-11-22T07:00:08.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Friday 22 November 2024 at 07:00 Greenwich Mean Time">22 Nov 2024 07.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><section id="14-november-2024" data-link-name="container-16 | 14-november-2024" data-component="14-november-2024" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2024/nov/14/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">14 November 2024</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-14-november-2024" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-908n69"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/global-development/2024/nov/14/women-girls-afghanistan-taliban-repression-interviewed-photographed-100-afghan-women" data-link-name="news | group-0 | card-@17" aria-label="How the Taliban are erasing Afghanistan’s women – photo essay" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/82139432b6588c32208be5a892df3e2334b05a50/660_776_2877_1726/master/2877.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/82139432b6588c32208be5a892df3e2334b05a50/660_776_2877_1726/master/2877.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/82139432b6588c32208be5a892df3e2334b05a50/660_776_2877_1726/master/2877.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/82139432b6588c32208be5a892df3e2334b05a50/660_776_2877_1726/master/2877.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/82139432b6588c32208be5a892df3e2334b05a50/660_776_2877_1726/master/2877.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/82139432b6588c32208be5a892df3e2334b05a50/660_776_2877_1726/master/2877.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="A torn poster shows the heads of two veiled women and Arabic script" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/82139432b6588c32208be5a892df3e2334b05a50/660_776_2877_1726/master/2877.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">How the Taliban are erasing Afghanistan’s women – photo essay</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>The journalist Mélissa Cornet and the photographer Kiana Hayeri met more than 100 Afghan girls and women in seven provinces, and found resistance and defiance but also despair</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2024-11-14T06:00:07.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Thursday 14 November 2024 at 06:00 Greenwich Mean Time">14 Nov 2024 06.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><span class="dcr-12r3co1"><div class="ad-slot-container"><div id="dfp-ad--inline8--mobile" data-link-name="ad slot inline8" data-name="inline8" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--inline8 ad-slot--container-inline ad-slot--mobile mobile-only ad-slot--rendered dcr-1m759r1"></div></div></span><div class="top-fronts-banner-ad-container dcr-12mgsnl"><div class="ad-slot-container dcr-dk0wj3"><div id="dfp-ad--fronts-banner-6" data-link-name="ad slot fronts-banner-6" data-name="fronts-banner-6" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--fronts-banner-6 ad-slot--rendered false dcr-aygtuk"></div></div></div><section id="11-november-2024" data-link-name="container-17 | 11-november-2024" data-component="11-november-2024" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2024/nov/11/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">11 November 2024</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-11-november-2024" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="10" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-1gxky2t"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/uk-news/2024/nov/11/handcrafting-copper-whisky-stills-in-scotland-photo-essay" data-link-name="feature | group-0 | card-@18" aria-label="‘Every hammer blow makes a difference’: handcrafting whisky stills in Scotland – photo essay" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/304796f21da586b4a80b0ef79c1bb00d385be13d/0_62_5808_3485/master/5808.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/304796f21da586b4a80b0ef79c1bb00d385be13d/0_62_5808_3485/master/5808.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/304796f21da586b4a80b0ef79c1bb00d385be13d/0_62_5808_3485/master/5808.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/304796f21da586b4a80b0ef79c1bb00d385be13d/0_62_5808_3485/master/5808.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/304796f21da586b4a80b0ef79c1bb00d385be13d/0_62_5808_3485/master/5808.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/304796f21da586b4a80b0ef79c1bb00d385be13d/0_62_5808_3485/master/5808.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="David Logan seen through a protective screen preparing to weld the internal working into a still." src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/304796f21da586b4a80b0ef79c1bb00d385be13d/0_62_5808_3485/master/5808.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">‘Every hammer blow makes a difference’: handcrafting whisky stills in Scotland – photo essay</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>A visit to McMillan Coppersmiths in East Lothian, which makes copper pot stills and columns for the distilled spirits industry</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2024-11-11T07:00:40.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Monday 11 November 2024 at 07:00 Greenwich Mean Time">11 Nov 2024 07.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><section id="8-november-2024" data-link-name="container-18 | 8-november-2024" data-component="8-november-2024" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2024/nov/08/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">8 November 2024</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-8-november-2024" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="3" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-pgxvx8"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/artanddesign/2024/nov/09/mud-in-their-blood-the-wild-world-of-mud-bombing" data-link-name="news | group-0 | card-@19" aria-label="Mud in their blood: the wild world of mud bombing" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/a9d143800e9d4a0903990de421b24f642590e8f3/0_472_7074_4246/master/7074.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/a9d143800e9d4a0903990de421b24f642590e8f3/0_472_7074_4246/master/7074.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/a9d143800e9d4a0903990de421b24f642590e8f3/0_472_7074_4246/master/7074.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/a9d143800e9d4a0903990de421b24f642590e8f3/0_472_7074_4246/master/7074.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/a9d143800e9d4a0903990de421b24f642590e8f3/0_472_7074_4246/master/7074.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/a9d143800e9d4a0903990de421b24f642590e8f3/0_472_7074_4246/master/7074.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="A driver waits for tractor man Eddy during the Pallamallawa mud trials" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/a9d143800e9d4a0903990de421b24f642590e8f3/0_472_7074_4246/master/7074.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Mud in their blood: the wild world of mud bombing</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>Mud trials showcase heavily modified two-wheel drive cars built to withstand violent impacts as drivers navigate a series of muddy obstacles</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2024-11-08T14:00:21.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Friday 8 November 2024 at 14:00 Greenwich Mean Time">8 Nov 2024 14.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"></div></section><span class="dcr-12r3co1"><div class="ad-slot-container"><div id="dfp-ad--inline9--mobile" data-link-name="ad slot inline9" data-name="inline9" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--inline9 ad-slot--container-inline ad-slot--mobile mobile-only ad-slot--rendered dcr-1m759r1"></div></div></span><section id="1-november-2024" data-link-name="container-19 | 1-november-2024" data-component="1-november-2024" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay/2024/nov/01/all" data-link-name="section heading" class="dcr-1g8nl1f"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-k8vtvd">1 November 2024</h2></a></div></div></div><div id="container-1-november-2024" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-tzc0jy"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="10" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-1gxky2t"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/artanddesign/2024/nov/01/forest-keepers-arhuaco-balance-modern-and-ancient-ways-photo-essay" data-link-name="feature | group-0 | card-@20" aria-label="Forest keepers: Arhuaco balance modern and ancient ways – photo essay" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-755y67"><picture data-size="medium" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1fd10a1bcb1009acc4bf00541b233625841ff9c0/0_114_2956_1774/master/2956.jpg?width=460&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1fd10a1bcb1009acc4bf00541b233625841ff9c0/0_114_2956_1774/master/2956.jpg?width=460&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1fd10a1bcb1009acc4bf00541b233625841ff9c0/0_114_2956_1774/master/2956.jpg?width=330&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1fd10a1bcb1009acc4bf00541b233625841ff9c0/0_114_2956_1774/master/2956.jpg?width=330&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1fd10a1bcb1009acc4bf00541b233625841ff9c0/0_114_2956_1774/master/2956.jpg?width=240&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1fd10a1bcb1009acc4bf00541b233625841ff9c0/0_114_2956_1774/master/2956.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Marcela Villafañe with a drone" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1fd10a1bcb1009acc4bf00541b233625841ff9c0/0_114_2956_1774/master/2956.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-f3ar9h"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Forest keepers: Arhuaco balance modern and ancient ways – photo essay</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>As leaders gather in Colombia for the global Cop16 nature summit, photographer Dougie Wallace captures the Indigenous Arhuaco, who are deeply involved in protecting the country’s biodiversity - and who have produced the region’s first Indigenous film-maker</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2024-11-01T11:00:49.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Friday 1 November 2024 at 11:00 Greenwich Mean Time">1 Nov 2024 11.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xrkea9"><div class="dcr-vlbnmp"><span class="dcr-pauz6u">About 930 results for The Guardian picture essay</span><div class="dcr-stdtpu"><span class="dcr-1qwl035">1</span><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay?page=2" class="dcr-1nzqxjn">2</a><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay?page=3" class="dcr-1nzqxjn">3</a><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay?page=4" class="dcr-1nzqxjn">4</a><span style="margin-right:4px;" class="dcr-120b5yi">...</span><a href="/artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay?page=2" class="dcr-jh1m5g"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="m7.232 1-.982.957L14.632 12 6.25 22.044l.982.956 10.471-10.471V11.47z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></section></main><section style="background-color:var(--section-background);" class="dcr-1xdhyk6"><div style="border-color:var(--article-border);" class="dcr-wqti5a"><div data-link-name="keywords" class="dcr-1hy529c"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="13" viewBox="0 0 1300 13" preserveAspectRatio="none" stroke="var(--straight-lines)" stroke-width="1" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="dcr-kammsl"><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="0.5" y2="0.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="4.5" y2="4.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="8.5" y2="8.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="12.5" y2="12.5"></line></svg><div class="dcr-1e4647x">Explore more on these topics</div><ul class="dcr-19e9gh9"><li><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/photography" data-link-name="keyword: artanddesign/photography" class="dcr-n5hcqc">Photography (Technology)</a></li><li><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/europe-news" data-link-name="keyword: world/europe-news" class="dcr-n5hcqc">Europe</a></li><li><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/ukraine" data-link-name="keyword: world/ukraine" class="dcr-n5hcqc">Ukraine</a></li><li><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/health" data-link-name="keyword: society/health" class="dcr-n5hcqc">Health</a></li><li><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/south-and-central-asia" data-link-name="keyword: world/south-and-central-asia" class="dcr-n5hcqc">South and central Asia</a></li></ul></div></div></section><aside style="background-color:var(--article-section-background);" class="dcr-1xdhyk6"><div style="border-color:var(--article-border);" class="dcr-1ykr3rf"><div class="ad-slot-container dcr-17n294h"><div id="dfp-ad--merchandising" data-link-name="ad slot merchandising" data-name="merchandising" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--merchandising dcr-ivr0sq"></div></div></div></aside><aside style="background-color:var(--section-background);" class="dcr-1xdhyk6"><div style="border-color:var(--article-border);" class="dcr-1q1v1nj"><gu-island name="SubNav" priority="enhancement" deferUntil="visible" props="{"subNavSections":{"links":[{"title":"Books","longTitle":"Books","url":"/books","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Music","longTitle":"Music","url":"/music","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"TV & radio","longTitle":"TV & radio","url":"/tv-and-radio","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Art & design","longTitle":"Art & design","url":"/artanddesign","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Film","longTitle":"Film","url":"/film","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Games","longTitle":"Games","url":"/games","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Classical","longTitle":"Classical","url":"/music/classicalmusicandopera","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Stage","longTitle":"Stage","url":"/stage","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}]},"currentNavLink":"Art & design","position":"footer"}"><div data-print-layout="hide" data-testid="sub-nav" data-component="sub-nav" style="--sub-nav-link:var(--sub-nav-link-footer);" class="dcr-a4rp9m"><ul role="list" class="dcr-1gt8egs"><li><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/books" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : Books" class="dcr-lgyw9b">Books</a></li><li><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/music" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : Music" class="dcr-lgyw9b">Music</a></li><li><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/tv-and-radio" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : TV & radio" class="dcr-lgyw9b">TV & radio</a></li><li><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/artanddesign" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : Art & design" class="dcr-lgyw9b"><span class="dcr-1b5y2ep">Art & design</span></a></li><li><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/film" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : Film" class="dcr-lgyw9b">Film</a></li><li><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/games" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : Games" class="dcr-lgyw9b">Games</a></li><li><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/music/classicalmusicandopera" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : Classical" class="dcr-lgyw9b">Classical</a></li><li><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/stage" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : Stage" class="dcr-lgyw9b">Stage</a></li></ul></div></gu-island></div></aside><footer style="background-color:#052962;" class="dcr-1xdhyk6"><div style="border-color:#506991;" class="dcr-1ykr3rf"><div data-print-layout="hide" data-link-name="footer" data-component="footer" class="dcr-1hmrwdw"><div class="dcr-1ris6nf"><ul class="dcr-1d6g26q"><li class="dcr-1grikph"><a href="/" style="--pillar-underline:#FF5943;" data-link-name="footer : primary : News" class="dcr-7612kl">News</a></li><li class="dcr-ks441s"><a href="/commentisfree" style="--pillar-underline:#FF7F0F;" data-link-name="footer : primary : Opinion" class="dcr-7612kl">Opinion</a></li><li class="dcr-ks441s"><a href="/sport" style="--pillar-underline:#00B2FF;" data-link-name="footer : primary : Sport" class="dcr-7612kl">Sport</a></li><li class="dcr-ks441s"><a href="/culture" style="--pillar-underline:#EACCA0;" data-link-name="footer : primary : Culture" class="dcr-1iufw7r">Culture</a></li><li class="dcr-1kcody2"><a href="/lifeandstyle" style="--pillar-underline:#FFABDB;" data-link-name="footer : primary : Lifestyle" class="dcr-7612kl">Lifestyle</a></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xyi04h"><div class="dcr-1wf840d"><div>Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning</div><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/global/2022/sep/20/sign-up-for-the-first-edition-newsletter-our-free-news-email" data-link-name="footer : morning-briefing" class="dcr-u54heg">Sign up for our email<div class="src-button-space"></div><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1 12.956h18.274l-7.167 8.575.932.932L23 12.478v-.956l-9.96-9.985-.932.932 7.166 8.575H1z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="dcr-1ms2xl4"><ul><li><a href="https://manage.theguardian.com/help-centre" data-link-name="international : footer : tech feedback" class="js-tech-feedback-report dcr-4coeh">Help</a></li><li><a href="/info/complaints-and-corrections" data-link-name="complaints" class=" dcr-4coeh">Complaints & corrections</a></li><li><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/securedrop" data-link-name="securedrop" class=" dcr-4coeh">SecureDrop</a></li><li><a href="https://workforus.theguardian.com" data-link-name="international : footer : work for us" class=" dcr-4coeh">Work for us</a></li><li><gu-island name="PrivacySettingsLink" priority="critical" deferUntil="visible" props="{"extraClasses":""}"><span style="color:transparent;" class="dcr-4coeh"> </span></gu-island></li><li><a href="/info/privacy" data-link-name="privacy" class=" dcr-4coeh">Privacy policy</a></li><li><a href="/info/cookies" data-link-name="cookie" class=" dcr-4coeh">Cookie policy</a></li><li><a href="/help/terms-of-service" data-link-name="terms" class=" dcr-4coeh">Terms & conditions</a></li><li><a href="/help/contact-us" data-link-name="international : footer : contact us" class=" dcr-4coeh">Contact us</a></li></ul><ul><li><a href="/index/subjects/a" data-link-name="international : footer : all topics" class=" dcr-4coeh">All topics</a></li><li><a href="/index/contributors" data-link-name="international : footer : all contributors" class=" dcr-4coeh">All writers</a></li><li><a href="https://theguardian.newspapers.com" data-link-name="digital newspaper archive" class=" dcr-4coeh">Digital newspaper archive</a></li><li><a href="https://uploads.guim.co.uk/2024/08/27/TAX_STRATEGY_FOR_THE_YEAR_ENDED_31_MARCH_2025.pdf" data-link-name="international : footer : tax strategy" class=" dcr-4coeh">Tax strategy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/theguardian" data-link-name="international : footer : facebook" class=" dcr-4coeh">Facebook</a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/TheGuardian" data-link-name="international : footer : youtube" class=" dcr-4coeh">YouTube</a></li><li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/guardian" data-link-name="international : footer : instagram" class=" dcr-4coeh">Instagram</a></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/theguardian" data-link-name="international : footer : linkedin" class=" dcr-4coeh">LinkedIn</a></li><li><a href="/email-newsletters?INTCMP=DOTCOM_FOOTER_NEWSLETTER_INTERNATIONAL" data-link-name="international : footer : newsletters" class=" dcr-4coeh">Newsletters</a></li></ul><ul><li><a href="https://advertising.theguardian.com" data-link-name="international : footer : advertise with us" class=" dcr-4coeh">Advertise with us</a></li><li><a href="https://jobs.theguardian.com" data-link-name="international : footer : uk-jobs" class=" dcr-4coeh">Search UK jobs</a></li></ul><div class="dcr-1v06yj3"><gu-island name="FooterReaderRevenueLinks" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"urls":{"contribute":"https://support.theguardian.com/contribute?INTCMP=footer_support_contribute&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_support_contribute%22%7D","subscribe":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=footer_support_subscribe&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_support_subscribe%22%7D","support":"https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=footer_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_support%22%7D","supporter":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=footer_supporter_cta&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_supporter_cta%22%7D"},"dataLinkNamePrefix":"footer : "}"></gu-island></div></div><div class="dcr-1xnlu54"><a href="#top" data-link-name="back to top" class="dcr-1bljy3y"><span class="dcr-6ottnt">Back to top</span><span class="icon-container dcr-18yycfp"><i class="dcr-13lm9u3"></i></span></a></div></div><div class="dcr-1slcfay">© 2025 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. <gu-island name="FooterLabel" priority="critical" deferUntil="visible" props="{}">(dcr)</gu-island></div></div></div></footer><aside class="dcr-1gsdol8"><gu-island name="StickyBottomBanner" priority="feature" deferUntil="idle" props="{"contentType":"Tag","contributionsServiceUrl":"https://contributions.guardianapis.com","idApiUrl":"https://idapi.theguardian.com","isMinuteArticle":false,"isPaidContent":false,"isPreview":false,"isSensitive":false,"pageId":"artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay","sectionId":"artanddesign","shouldHideReaderRevenue":false,"remoteBannerSwitch":true,"tags":[{"id":"artanddesign/series/guardian-picture-essay","type":"Series","title":"The Guardian picture essay"}]}"></gu-island></aside> </body> </html>